The compleat gard'ner, or, Directions for cultivating and right ordering of fruit-gardens and kitchen-gardens with divers reflections on several parts of husbandry, in six books : to which is added, his treatise of orange-trees, with the raising of melons, omitted in the French editions / by the famous Monsr De La Quintinye ... ; made English by John Evelyn ... ; illustrated with copper plates.
         Instruction pour les jardins fruitiers et potagers. English
         La Quintinie, Jean de, 1626-1688.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             The compleat gard'ner, or, Directions for cultivating and right ordering of fruit-gardens and kitchen-gardens with divers reflections on several parts of husbandry, in six books : to which is added, his treatise of orange-trees, with the raising of melons, omitted in the French editions / by the famous Monsr De La Quintinye ... ; made English by John Evelyn ... ; illustrated with copper plates.
             Instruction pour les jardins fruitiers et potagers. English
             La Quintinie, Jean de, 1626-1688.
             Evelyn, John, 1620-1706.
          
           [44], 184, [4], 116, 137-204, [3], 4, 80 p. ill.
           
             Printed for M. Gillyflower ...,
             London :
             1693.
          
           
             Translation of: Instructions pour les jardins fruitiers et potagers.
             Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Gardening -- Early works to 1800.
           Fruit-culture.
        
      
    
     
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                 Hanc
                 decor'ate
                 Dea
                 ,
                 quot
                 quot
                 regnatis
                 in
                 hortis
                 ,
              
               
                 Floribus
                 e
                 vestris
                 supraque
                 infraque
                 tabellam
                 :
              
               
                 Hic
                 dedit
                 arboribus
                 florere
                 ,
                 et
                 edilibus
                 herbis
                 ,
              
               
                 Et
                 semirata
                 est
                 tanto
                 Pomona
                 colono
                 .
              
               
                 Santolius
                 Victorinus
                 
              
            
             portrait
             
               W.
               Elder
               sculpsit
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Compleat
           Gard'ner
           ;
           OR
           ,
           Directions
           for
           CULTIVATING
           AND
           Right
           ORDERING
           OF
           Fruit-GARDENS
           AND
           Kitchen-Gardens
           ;
           With
           Divers
           REFLECTIONS
           On
           several
           Parts
           OF
           HUSBANDRY
           .
        
         
           In
           Six
           BOOKS
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Famous
           Mon
           sr
           .
           
             De
             La
             Quintinye
          
           ,
           Chief
           director
           of
           all
           the
           GARDENS
           of
           the
           
           French-King
           .
        
         
           To
           which
           is
           added
           His
           Treatise
           of
           ORANGE-TREES
           ,
           with
           the
           Raising
           of
           MELONS
           ,
           omitted
           in
           the
           French
           Editions
           .
        
         
           Made
           English
           by
           
             John
             Evelyn
          
           Esquire
           ,
           Illustrated
           with
           Copper
           Plates
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Matthew
             Gillyflower
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Spread
             Eagle
          
           in
           Westminster-Hall
           ,
           and
           
             James
             Partridge
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Post-house
           at
           Charing-Cross
           ,
           M
           DC
           XC
           III.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           HENRY
           Lord
           Capell
           ,
           Baron
           Capell
           of
           Tewksbury
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Lords
           of
           their
           Majesties
           most
           Honourable
           Privy-Council
           .
        
         
           
             My
             LORD
             ,
          
        
         
           IF
           ever
           Book
           deriv'd
           Honour
           from
           the
           Person
           to
           whom
           it
           was
           Dedicated
           ,
           Your
           Lordship's
           Name
           alone
           in
           the
           Front
           of
           this
           Work
           would
           secure
           its
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           justifie
           the
           Presumption
           of
           our
           Address
           .
           Your
           Lordship
           's
           particular
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Authour
           ,
           and
           Penetration
           into
           the
           Subject
           he
           Treats
           off
           (
           and
           all
           the
           Secrets
           of
           Horticulture
           )
           gives
           your
           Lordship
           double
           Title
           to
           this
           Version
           :
           But
           as
           it
           was
           from
           your
           Lordship's
           Approbation
           ,
           that
           this
           
             (
             no
             easie
             Work
          
           )
           was
           undertaken
           by
           Us
           ;
           So
           it
           is
           under
           the
           same
           Influence
           it
           hopes
           to
           Live
           and
           Prosper
           :
           In
           this
           Confidence
           we
           Humbly
           Offer
           it
           ,
           and
           our Selves
           to
           your
           Lordship's
           Protection
           ,
           as
        
         
           
             Your
             Lordships
             most
             Obedient
             Servants
             ,
             
               
                 Matthew
                 Gillyflower
                 .
              
               
                 James
                 Partridge
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           BEfore
           I
           enter
           upon
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           Subject
           I
           have
           undertaken
           ,
           I
           think
           my Self
           obliged
           to
           advertise
           you
           ,
           That
           Gardening
           is
           not
           among
           us
           Moderns
           ,
           what
           it
           was
           in
           the
           first
           Ages
           of
           the
           World.
           In
           those
           early
           times
           't
           is
           probable
           ,
           they
           knew
           no
           other
           Gardens
           than
           those
           of
           Fruits
           and
           Legumes
           ,
           which
           we
           now
           call
           Fruit
           and
           Kitchin-Gardens
           ;
           whereas
           in
           our
           Days
           ,
           there
           are
           several
           other
           sorts
           besides
           them
           ,
           some
           being
           for
           Parterres
           and
           Flowers
           ,
           some
           for
           Nurseries
           ,
           some
           only
           for
           plain
           Gardens
           for
           
             Common
             Use
          
           ,
           and
           others
           for
           Rare
           and
           
             Medicinal
             Plants
          
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           So
           great
           a
           multiplicity
           of
           different
           sorts
           of
           Gardens
           ,
           affording
           no
           less
           diversity
           of
           employments
           for
           Gard'ners
           ,
           in
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           introduced
           several
           Classes
           of
           them
           ;
           some
           being
           simply
           called
           Gard'ners
           ,
           others
           taking
           the
           quality
           of
           Florists
           ,
           and
           others
           well
           deserving
           the
           Title
           of
           Botanists
           ,
           and
           others
           being
           named
           ,
           Market
           Gard'ners
           ,
           besides
           those
           that
           apply
           themselves
           only
           to
           the
           raising
           and
           maintaining
           of
           Nurseries
           ,
           for
           which
           there
           wants
           yet
           a
           particular
           Term
           ,
           unless
           we
           should
           call
           them
           
             Nursery
             Gard'ners
          
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           explication
           of
           the
           Original
           ,
           and
           establishment
           of
           which
           several
           Ranks
           of
           Gard'ners
           ,
           I
           think
           it
           will
           not
           be
           impertinent
           to
           bestow
           a
           few
           Lines
           ,
           before
           we
           pass
           further
           .
        
         
           My
           Opinion
           in
           this
           Matter
           ,
           is
           ,
           That
           the
           
             First
             Man
          
           having
           been
           Created
           in
           a
           Garden
           ,
           and
           received
           Orders
           after
           his
           Transgression
           ,
           to
           till
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           to
           get
           his
           Maintenance
           out
           of
           it
           by
           the
           Sweat
           of
           his
           Brows
           .
           It
           follows
           from
           thence
           ,
           that
           one
           of
           the
           chiefest
           Employments
           ,
           both
           of
           Himself
           and
           his
           first
           Descendants
           ,
           was
           to
           apply
           themselves
           to
           the
           culture
           of
           Fruits
           and
           Legumes
           ;
           that
           being
           then
           the
           Function
           which
           alone
           supplyed
           
             Humane
             Kind
          
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           necessaries
           of
           Life
           .
           And
           indeed
           the
           Ground
           so
           tilled
           ,
           did
           it
           not
           consist
           of
           true
           Fruit
           and
           Kitchin-Gardens
           ?
           And
           consequently
           ,
           because
           in
           those
           first
           Ages
           ,
           no
           other
           Gardens
           were
           known
           but
           such
           ,
           there
           could
           be
           no
           other
           Gard'ners
           neither
           ,
           but
           those
           which
           govern'd
           them
           ,
           who
           may
           on
           that
           account
           ,
           be
           justly
           esteemed
           the
           first
           of
           the
           whole
           Order
           of
           Gard'ners
           .
           For
           the
           Patriarchs
           properly
           speaking
           ,
           were
           those
           first
           Fruit
           and
           Kitchin-Gard'ners
           ,
           and
           continued
           to
           perform
           that
           Function
           ,
           till
           being
           diverted
           by
           their
           Application
           to
           the
           Invention
           of
           Arts
           ,
           they
           were
           obliged
           to
           make
           use
           of
           the
           Service
           of
           some
           principal
           Domestick
           to
           help
           them
           in
           their
           Gardens
           ,
           who
           disdained
           not
           to
           take
           the
           Name
           of
           that
           we
           commonly
           understand
           by
           the
           Term
           of
           Gard'ner
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           the
           Ages
           following
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           Men
           thought
           they
           had
           made
           a
           sufficient
           provision
           for
           their
           Necessities
           ,
           and
           there
           begun
           to
           be
           establish'd
           among
           them
           ,
           some
           distinction
           of
           Degrees
           and
           Fortunes
           ;
           it
           hapned
           that
           the
           Pleasures
           of
           the
           Sight
           and
           Smell
           ,
           inspired
           some
           Persons
           with
           the
           Curiosity
           to
           gratifie
           them
           with
           Flowers
           agreeable
           to
           one
           or
           both
           of
           those
           Senses
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           ,
           they
           begun
           to
           gather
           together
           some
           of
           all
           those
           
             Beautiful
             Plants
          
           which
           they
           observ'd
           so
           curiously
           to
           enamel
           ,
           and
           so
           admirably
           to
           perfume
           the
           Fields
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           before
           confusedly
           dispersed
           .
        
         
           Thus
           was
           the
           Culture
           of
           Flowers
           begun
           indeed
           by
           such
           Gard'ners
           as
           those
           we
           just
           now
           mentioned
           ,
           because
           there
           were
           no
           others
           that
           could
           do
           it
           ;
           but
           when
           Men
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           have
           so
           great
           a
           number
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           is
           now
           practised
           by
           way
           of
           Ornament
           ,
           to
           the
           palaces
           of
           
             Great
             Persons
          
           ,
           they
           begun
           to
           make
           particular
           Gardens
           of
           them
           which
           they
           called
           by
           a
           name
           
           proper
           to
           a
           
             Flower
             Garden
          
           ;
           and
           because
           it
           was
           not
           possible
           for
           one
           Gard'ner
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           to
           manage
           the
           Culture
           of
           so
           great
           a
           number
           of
           
             Fruits
             ,
             Legumes
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             Shrubs
             ,
          
           &c.
           as
           were
           then
           required
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           necessity
           of
           establishing
           a
           second
           Class
           of
           Gard'ners
           ,
           to
           ease
           those
           of
           the
           first
           ,
           which
           new
           Gard'ners
           were
           commonly
           named
           Florists
           ,
           to
           distinguish
           them
           from
           the
           others
           ,
           which
           were
           called
           only
           plain
           Gard'ners
           .
        
         
           I
           might
           tell
           you
           here
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           times
           ,
           Orange
           and
           Limon-trees
           ,
           were
           perhaps
           look'd
           upon
           as
           Trees
           only
           for
           Flowers
           ,
           just
           as
           the
           
             Myrtles
             ,
             Jessimins
          
           ,
           and
           Laurustinus-Trees
           ,
           &c.
           are
           now
           ,
           the
           delicacy
           of
           Mens
           palates
           being
           not
           arrived
           to
           that
           degree
           of
           Luxury
           ,
           to
           seek
           after
           so
           many
           sorts
           of
           Relishes
           ,
           Sawces
           ,
           and
           seasonings
           as
           now
           ;
           so
           that
           't
           is
           very
           possible
           ,
           that
           Limon
           and
           Orange-trees
           might
           then
           belong
           only
           to
           the
           Province
           of
           the
           Florists
           .
        
         
           But
           yet
           methinks
           it
           may
           be
           more
           probably
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           early
           times
           ,
           those
           Trees
           were
           not
           distinguished
           from
           Fruit-trees
           ,
           since
           they
           are
           truly
           so
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           am
           apt
           to
           believe
           ,
           they
           were
           cultivated
           by
           the
           first
           Gard'ners
           only
           for
           their
           Fruit
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           first
           Culture
           of
           the
           Earth
           being
           begun
           in
           hot
           and
           temperate
           Countries
           ;
           the
           slavery
           and
           trouble
           of
           Boxes
           ,
           and
           Conservatories
           ,
           which
           in
           our
           Climates
           they
           cannot
           be
           without
           ,
           were
           there
           of
           no
           use
           at
           all
           .
           It
           was
           therefore
           the
           rigour
           of
           the
           Winter
           Season
           in
           cooler
           Regions
           that
           gave
           occasion
           to
           those
           Inventions
           for
           the
           preserving
           of
           those
           plants
           that
           were
           of
           too
           tender
           a
           Constitution
           to
           endure
           any
           great
           Cold
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Gard'ners
           of
           the
           second
           Class
           ,
           who
           otherwise
           were
           not
           over-much
           taken
           up
           with
           the
           Culture
           of
           their
           Flowers
           ,
           begun
           to
           be
           charged
           with
           the
           care
           of
           Orange
           and
           Limon-trees
           .
        
         
           And
           further
           ,
           the
           affectation
           of
           Men
           to
           gratisie
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           their
           Eyes
           ,
           inciting
           them
           to
           push
           on
           things
           to
           more
           and
           more
           Perfection
           ;
           there
           came
           first
           into
           the
           minds
           of
           Noble
           Persons
           ,
           some
           conceits
           of
           Ranging
           those
           Flowers
           with
           a
           little
           more
           agreeableness
           and
           Symmetry
           than
           was
           practised
           by
           the
           first
           Curiosi's
           ,
           which
           gave
           the
           first
           beginning
           to
           Parterres
           ,
           or
           Flower-plots
           among
           Florists
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           which
           ,
           in
           all
           probability
           ,
           were
           but
           cut
           pieces
           shaped
           after
           but
           a
           plain
           and
           gross
           manner
           .
           But
           afterwards
           there
           were
           some
           made
           of
           another
           fashion
           ,
           called
           
             Embroidery
             Fashion
          
           ,
           which
           were
           better
           contrived
           ,
           and
           more
           delightful
           than
           the
           other
           ,
           with
           which
           two
           sorts
           ,
           the
           World
           contented
           themselves
           for
           several
           Ages
           ,
           so
           that
           Gardens
           were
           not
           accompanied
           with
           any
           other
           Beauties
           than
           those
           ,
           till
           in
           these
           last
           times
           ,
           
             Curiosity
             ,
             Good
             Judgment
          
           ,
           and
           Fancy
           ,
           and
           Magnificence
           it self
           being
           grown
           by
           little
           and
           little
           ,
           to
           an
           extraordinary
           heighth
           ,
           our
           Age
           which
           excells
           in
           all
           that
           Humane
           industry
           is
           able
           to
           invent
           ,
           has
           given
           in
           particular
           ,
           by
           the
           ingenious
           skill
           of
           the
           famous
           Mr.
           
             Le
             Nostre
          
           ,
           the
           last
           perfection
           to
           this
           part
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           which
           appears
           by
           so
           many
           
             Canals
             ,
             Water-Works
             ,
             Cascades
             ,
             Spouting
             Fountains
             ,
             Labyrinths
             ,
             Bowling
             Greens
             ,
             Terrases
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Ornaments
           indeed
           that
           are
           new
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           in
           earnest
           ,
           do
           wonderfully
           set
           off
           the
           natural
           Beauty
           of
           a
           Garden
           .
        
         
           Having
           spoken
           largely
           enough
           of
           the
           first
           and
           second
           Class
           of
           Gard'ners
           ,
           I
           proceed
           to
           the
           third
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           those
           which
           meddle
           neither
           with
           Fruits
           nor
           Flowers
           ,
           but
           only
           with
           Kitchin-plants
           ,
           whose
           Original
           might
           come
           from
           some
           of
           our
           first
           Gard'ners
           ,
           who
           being
           seated
           near
           some
           very
           populous
           Cities
           ,
           thought
           good
           to
           plant
           some
           particular
           Gardens
           of
           Herbs
           ,
           in
           hopes
           they
           might
           make
           a
           considerable
           gain
           of
           them
           in
           the
           publick
           Markets
           ,
           and
           because
           Grounds
           that
           were
           a
           little
           fat
           and
           moist
           seemed
           to
           them
           most
           proper
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           managing
           the
           Culture
           ,
           as
           promoting
           the
           abundance
           ,
           and
           bigness
           ,
           and
           height
           of
           every
           Plant
           ,
           they
           chose
           low
           places
           to
           make
           those
           kinds
           of
           Gardens
           in
           ;
           nay
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           such
           places
           had
           been
           
           formerly
           perfect
           Fenns
           or
           Marshes
           ,
           which
           were
           afterwards
           drained
           and
           laid
           dry
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           Vulgar
           Speech
           ,
           those
           sorts
           of
           Gard'ners
           were
           termed
           
             Marsh
             Gard'ners
          
           ,
           which
           was
           as
           much
           as
           to
           say
           ,
           Gard'ners
           of
           dryed
           Marshes
           or
           Fenns
           .
           And
           the
           vent
           of
           those
           Herbs
           ,
           proving
           by
           the
           success
           so
           profitable
           to
           those
           that
           made
           it
           ,
           stirred
           up
           Mens
           Industry
           to
           multiply
           that
           sort
           of
           Gardens
           ,
           even
           in
           very
           dry
           and
           sandy
           places
           ,
           and
           to
           supply
           with
           their
           frequent
           Waterings
           ,
           and
           improvements
           with
           plenty
           of
           Dung
           ,
           the
           defects
           of
           goodness
           in
           the
           Ground
           .
        
         
           This
           Account
           which
           I
           here
           give
           ,
           establishes
           clearly
           three
           Classes
           of
           Gard'ners
           very
           different
           one
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           without
           mentioning
           the
           other
           two
           Classes
           ,
           viz.
           that
           of
           those
           Gard'ners
           that
           mind
           only
           Nurseries
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           of
           those
           that
           consine
           themselves
           to
           the
           Culture
           of
           Rare
           and
           
             Medicinal
             Plants
          
           ;
           and
           yet
           't
           is
           certain
           ,
           there
           are
           some
           very
           able
           and
           knowing
           Persons
           ,
           that
           make
           it
           their
           Pleasure
           and
           Business
           too
           ,
           to
           cultivate
           both
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           perform
           it
           with
           Success
           and
           Reputation
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           for
           my
           own
           inclination
           ,
           it
           was
           always
           fixed
           to
           that
           sort
           of
           Gard'ning
           that
           was
           known
           in
           the
           infancy
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           practised
           by
           our
           first
           Parents
           ,
           so
           that
           for
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           I
           have
           particularly
           applyed
           my self
           to
           the
           Culture
           of
           Fruit
           ,
           and
           
             Kitchin
             Gardens
          
           .
           And
           by
           this
           Application
           ,
           having
           not
           only
           discovered
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Beauties
           ,
           but
           likewise
           a
           great
           many
           Faults
           that
           are
           committed
           in
           that
           sort
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           think
           my self
           obliged
           before
           all
           things
           ,
           to
           describe
           them
           carefully
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           avoided
           .
        
         
           I
           find
           then
           first
           ,
           that
           commonly
           these
           sorts
           of
           Gardens
           are
           not
           only
           unfurnish'd
           with
           what
           they
           should
           ,
           and
           might
           easily
           have
           for
           each
           season
           of
           the
           Year
           ,
           whether
           Fruits
           or
           Legumes
           ,
           but
           that
           besides
           ,
           they
           are
           ill
           contrived
           in
           the
           Disposition
           and
           Ranking
           of
           the
           things
           contained
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           there
           appears
           but
           little
           skill
           and
           capacity
           in
           most
           of
           the
           Gard'ners
           that
           cultivate
           them
           ,
           and
           as
           little
           understanding
           in
           the
           Masters
           that
           employ
           them
           ,
           to
           know
           how
           to
           direct
           them
           better
           ;
           so
           that
           usually
           't
           is
           the
           fault
           both
           of
           the
           Owners
           ,
           and
           their
           Gard'ners
           too
           ,
           that
           those
           sorts
           of
           Gardens
           come
           short
           of
           yielding
           either
           that
           Pleasure
           or
           Profit
           they
           might
           otherwise
           do
           ,
           and
           which
           was
           expected
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           do
           what
           I
           can
           ,
           to
           remedy
           those
           great
           Failings
           ,
           as
           well
           out
           of
           Obedience
           to
           the
           Orders
           I
           have
           received
           to
           that
           effect
           ,
           as
           out
           of
           an
           inclination
           to
           pleasure
           others
           ,
           an
           inclination
           which
           I
           dare
           affirm
           natural
           to
           me
           ,
           and
           especially
           in
           affairs
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           which
           of
           it
           self
           inspires
           a
           Man
           with
           the
           obliging
           humour
           of
           doing
           good
           Offices
           .
           For
           which
           purpose
           I
           undertook
           to
           compose
           and
           publish
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           as
           thinking
           it
           might
           effectually
           be
           a
           useful
           work
           ,
           if
           ,
           as
           I
           believe
           ,
           I
           may
           ,
           and
           as
           I
           propose
           to
           my self
           to
           do
           ,
           I
           shall
           be
           so
           successful
           to
           give
           any
           assistance
           to
           ingenious
           Gentlemen
           to
           order
           their
           Gardens
           with
           a
           more
           advantageous
           Conduct
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           direct
           their
           Gard'ners
           to
           execute
           their
           
           Master's
           Intentions
           better
           than
           hitherto
           ,
           and
           consequently
           by
           the
           means
           of
           a
           well
           managed
           Culture
           ,
           how
           to
           reap
           those
           advantages
           which
           the
           Earth
           bestows
           only
           upon
           the
           Laborious
           and
           Industrious
           .
           Besides
           which
           ,
           three
           other
           principal
           reasons
           have
           obliged
           me
           to
           write
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           was
           the
           little
           instruction
           ,
           I
           observed
           was
           to
           be
           gathered
           from
           so
           many
           Books
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           made
           upon
           this
           Subject
           in
           all
           Ages
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           Languages
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           we
           have
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Obligation
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           some
           ancient
           Authors
           ,
           that
           have
           so
           solidly
           treated
           of
           general
           Agriculture
           ,
           but
           likewise
           to
           some
           modern
           Writers
           which
           have
           imparted
           
           to
           the
           publick
           ,
           their
           particular
           improvements
           in
           this
           Art.
           But
           we
           are
           most
           of
           all
           obliged
           to
           some
           Persons
           of
           
             Eminent
             Quality
          
           ,
           who
           under
           ,
           the
           title
           of
           the
           Memoires
           or
           Observations
           of
           the
           
             Famous
             Curate
          
           of
           Enonville
           ,
           have
           so
           politely
           written
           of
           the
           
             Culture
             of
             Fruit-trees
          
           .
           And
           truly
           I
           must
           confess
           ,
           it
           was
           from
           them
           I
           had
           the
           first
           views
           of
           the
           principal
           Ornaments
           of
           our
           Gardens
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           those
           of
           the
           Pleasure
           and
           Advantage
           we
           reap
           from
           such
           of
           them
           as
           are
           well
           managed
           .
           But
           then
           to
           balance
           these
           few
           good
           Authors
           ,
           what
           a
           multitude
           of
           other
           Books
           have
           we
           to
           exclaim
           against
           ,
           with
           which
           we
           are
           overwhelmed
           ?
           The
           most
           part
           of
           which
           ,
           I
           may
           without
           injustice
           affirm
           ,
           are
           not
           to
           be
           lookt
           upon
           otherwise
           than
           as
           troublesom
           Translations
           ,
           and
           nauseous
           Repetitions
           of
           several
           old
           Maxims
           ,
           which
           I
           hope
           ,
           I
           shall
           carefully
           mark
           out
           to
           you
           ,
           and
           demonstrate
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           be
           for
           the
           most
           part
           faulty
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           very
           insignisicant
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           Reason
           that
           obliges
           me
           to
           write
           ,
           is
           the
           assurance
           I
           have
           ,
           that
           I
           am
           the
           Cause
           of
           peoples
           acting
           erroneously
           in
           many
           Gardens
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           the
           most
           innocently
           in
           the
           World
           on
           my
           side
           ,
           which
           proceeds
           from
           the
           inconsiderate
           conduct
           of
           certain
           Persons
           that
           being
           prejudiced
           with
           too
           favourable
           a
           conceit
           of
           my
           Abilities
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           when
           they
           see
           what
           I
           do
           in
           our
           
             Kitchin
             Gardens
          
           ,
           and
           to
           our
           Fruit-trees
           ,
           are
           sometimes
           tempted
           blindly
           to
           imitate
           my
           Practice
           ;
           but
           because
           they
           are
           ignorant
           of
           my
           Principles
           ,
           and
           think
           it
           would
           reflect
           too
           much
           upon
           their
           Reputation
           ,
           to
           stoop
           so
           low
           as
           to
           ask
           me
           them
           ,
           they
           venture
           to
           guess
           at
           them
           themselves
           ,
           thinking
           without
           doubt
           that
           nothing
           is
           so
           easie
           as
           to
           hit
           them
           right
           .
        
         
           I
           cannot
           forbear
           telling
           them
           ,
           and
           I
           desire
           them
           not
           totake
           it
           ill
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           a
           very
           rare
           thing
           to
           guess
           right
           inalmost
           any
           sort
           of
           matter
           whatsoever
           ;
           and
           though
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           that
           this
           of
           our
           Art
           is
           not
           at
           all
           difficult
           to
           understand
           when
           't
           is
           illustrated
           and
           made
           out
           with
           good
           Reasons
           ,
           yet
           most
           commonly
           people
           are
           not
           very
           lucky
           in
           hitting
           upon
           them
           at
           a
           venture
           ,
           without
           some
           instruction
           ;
           for
           alas
           ,
           by
           following
           their
           first
           imaginations
           ,
           they
           often
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           acting
           just
           the
           contrary
           to
           what
           I
           practise
           ,
           and
           consequently
           to
           what
           they
           design
           ,
           when
           they
           think
           of
           nothing
           but
           guessing
           .
        
         
           For
           Example
           ,
           in
           matter
           of
           Pruning
           ,
           one
           Gentleman
           ,
           because
           he
           observes
           some
           short
           Branches
           upon
           my
           Trees
           ,
           says
           presently
           ,
           he
           sees
           well
           enough
           ,
           that
           my
           way
           of
           pruning
           is
           to
           cut
           short
           ,
           and
           keeps
           to
           that
           .
           Another
           ,
           because
           he
           has
           seen
           some
           long
           ones
           upon
           them
           ,
           concludes
           as
           peremptorily
           on
           his
           Side
           ,
           that
           my
           method
           is
           to
           cut
           long
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           fully
           understands
           it
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           a
           third
           ,
           because
           he
           has
           once
           observed
           me
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           to
           cut
           some
           Branches
           short
           ,
           and
           others
           long
           ;
           if
           another
           time
           he
           returns
           and
           sees
           any
           Trees
           with
           a
           different
           Face
           from
           what
           he
           expected
           ,
           presently
           accuses
           me
           of
           uncertainty
           in
           my
           Principles
           ;
           nay
           ,
           and
           takes
           the
           liberty
           to
           say
           ,
           he
           sees
           much
           inconstancy
           in
           my
           pruning
           ,
           and
           therefore
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           no
           certain
           Rule
           to
           go
           by
           in
           that
           Operation
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           as
           he
           fansies
           ,
           makes
           the
           finest
           reflections
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           in
           Order
           to
           take
           for
           the
           future
           a
           quite
           disserent
           way
           from
           mine
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           being
           one
           of
           that
           sort
           of
           hasty
           Spirits
           ,
           that
           think
           they
           can
           comprehend
           any
           thing
           at
           first
           sight
           ,
           makes
           ,
           as
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           great
           Massacres
           upon
           the
           Trees
           ,
           whilst
           thinking
           to
           imitate
           my
           manner
           of
           pruning
           ,
           he
           takes
           a
           Resolution
           to
           cut
           close
           in
           all
           occasions
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           ,
           with
           the
           like
           Intention
           ,
           ruines
           in
           little
           time
           the
           Beauty
           of
           his
           Trees
           ,
           by
           leaving
           those
           Branches
           long
           ,
           which
           should
           be
           cut
           short
           .
        
         
           And
           lastly
           ,
           the
           third
           salls
           into
           such
           a
           perplexity
           ,
           that
           he
           knows
           not
           which
           way
           to
           take
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           Gulss
           into
           which
           the
           false
           Reasonings
           from
           bare
           Conectures
           and
           probabilities
           lead
           and
           decoy
           Men.
           And
           therefore
           though
           I
           
           should
           do
           nothing
           else
           in
           this
           Book
           ,
           but
           give
           an
           account
           of
           my
           Conduct
           ,
           by
           explaining
           for
           Example
           ,
           what
           sort
           of
           Branches
           I
           cut
           short
           ,
           and
           what
           I
           leave
           long
           ;
           what
           Trees
           I
           leave
           loaden
           with
           more
           Branches
           ,
           and
           which
           with
           fewer
           ,
           &c.
           with
           the
           motives
           why
           I
           do
           so
           ,
           I
           think
           it
           would
           be
           no
           small
           benefit
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           that
           they
           who
           shall
           be
           thus
           informed
           of
           them
           ,
           may
           not
           torment
           their
           Heads
           so
           much
           any
           more
           with
           guessing
           ,
           nor
           consequently
           be
           so
           easily
           induced
           to
           venture
           upon
           erroneous
           Methods
           .
        
         
           This
           done
           ,
           if
           my
           Conduct
           be
           approved
           it
           will
           be
           imitated
           ,
           at
           which
           I
           shall
           be
           extreamly
           satisfied
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           interest
           I
           have
           ,
           that
           every
           one
           should
           be
           pleased
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           not
           liked
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           condemned
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           may
           incite
           some
           charitable
           censurer
           to
           publish
           a
           better
           ,
           at
           which
           I
           shall
           be
           no
           less
           pleased
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           passionate
           desire
           I
           have
           to
           improve
           my self
           to
           more
           and
           more
           perfection
           in
           this
           matter
           .
        
         
           In
           fine
           ,
           the
           third
           and
           last
           reason
           that
           obliges
           me
           to
           write
           ,
           is
           the
           hopes
           I
           have
           ,
           that
           the
           reading
           of
           this
           Book
           will
           be
           advantageous
           in
           two
           other
           Respects
           ,
           of
           which
           I
           think
           I
           ought
           to
           make
           some
           account
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           is
           ,
           That
           every
           one
           of
           my
           Maxims
           being
           fully
           understood
           in
           their
           whole
           extent
           ,
           as
           I
           intend
           they
           should
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           may
           be
           ,
           by
           what
           I
           have
           written
           to
           explain
           them
           ,
           will
           ,
           if
           I
           mistake
           not
           ,
           give
           some
           light
           to
           direct
           people
           to
           take
           better
           methods
           in
           Gardening
           .
           But
           if
           through
           Malice
           or
           Ignorance
           ,
           any
           Person
           shall
           follow
           one
           part
           of
           any
           of
           my
           Rules
           ,
           without
           observing
           the
           other
           ,
           I
           am
           confident
           he
           will
           find
           himself
           very
           much
           deceived
           ,
           and
           therefore
           do
           here
           sincerely
           advertise
           all
           concerned
           ,
           to
           observe
           that
           Caution
           ,
           that
           I
           may
           not
           be
           responsible
           for
           all
           the
           inconveniences
           they
           will
           infallibly
           fall
           into
           ,
           as
           often
           as
           they
           shall
           scruple
           entirely
           to
           believe
           me
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           is
           ,
           because
           most
           of
           those
           unskilsul
           Gard'ners
           ,
           as
           have
           seen
           only
           with
           a
           Cursory
           view
           what
           I
           do
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           have
           only
           heard
           of
           it
           by
           the
           Relation
           of
           others
           ,
           if
           they
           succeed
           ill
           ,
           as
           it
           but
           too
           often
           happens
           ,
           they
           presently
           have
           an
           excuse
           ready
           ,
           and
           without
           scruple
           discharge
           themselves
           of
           their
           Faults
           ,
           by
           throwing
           them
           on
           me
           ;
           they
           make
           me
           the
           Author
           of
           all
           their
           mis-managements
           ,
           thinking
           to
           Authorize
           by
           my
           Name
           what
           they
           cannot
           otherwise
           defend
           ;
           they
           will
           needs
           have
           me
           to
           have
           brought
           in
           such
           and
           such
           a
           use
           ,
           which
           never
           entred
           intomy
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           say
           they
           have
           done
           such
           and
           such
           things
           ,
           purposely
           to
           imitate
           me
           ,
           and
           to
           let
           the
           World
           see
           whether
           there
           be
           so
           much
           reason
           to
           imitate
           me
           ,
           as
           is
           pretended
           .
           Against
           these
           Pleas
           ,
           I
           shall
           now
           at
           least
           have
           an
           irrefragable
           justification
           in
           Writing
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           being
           in
           no
           Man's
           power
           to
           pretend
           I
           have
           said
           any
           thing
           but
           what
           I
           have
           really
           said
           ,
           I
           shall
           by
           this
           means
           prevent
           such
           imputations
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           save
           the
           poor
           innocent
           Trees
           from
           being
           so
           barbarously
           handled
           any
           more
           upon
           my
           account
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           have
           failed
           to
           act
           their
           parts
           well
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           been
           wisely
           ordered
           .
        
         
           I
           hazard
           then
           to
           publish
           this
           Instruction
           for
           Gard'ning
           ,
           principally
           with
           a
           design
           to
           pleasure
           ingenious
           Gentlemen
           ,
           and
           also
           because
           I
           can
           no
           longer
           with
           Patience
           endure
           ,
           that
           to
           the
           shame
           of
           our
           Times
           ,
           and
           if
           I
           may
           be
           permitted
           that
           Expression
           ,
           to
           the
           shame
           of
           all
           that
           close
           Application
           I
           have
           bestowed
           upon
           this
           Art
           for
           these
           many
           Years
           ;
           it
           should
           be
           possible
           still
           with
           justice
           to
           say
           of
           ours
           ,
           what
           Columella
           reproached
           to
           his
           Age
           ,
           That
           though
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Agriculture
           be
           one
           of
           the
           most
           excellent
           Sciences
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           akin
           to
           solid
           Wisdom
           of
           any
           ,
           yet
           is
           it
           so
           unhappily
           neglected
           as
           to
           sind
           but
           few
           Masters
           able
           to
           teach
           it
           ,
           or
           Scholars
           desirous
           to
           learn
           it
           .
        
         
         
           I
           know
           well
           enough
           ,
           that
           all
           Books
           of
           Gard'ning
           have
           usually
           begun
           with
           a
           Preface
           full
           of
           the
           praises
           given
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           conscquently
           it
           may
           be
           thought
           ,
           this
           ought
           to
           begin
           so
           too
           .
           But
           since
           I
           am
           far
           from
           presuming
           my self
           able
           to
           say
           any
           thing
           new
           ,
           that
           may
           at
           all
           enhance
           the
           esteem
           which
           is
           due
           to
           Gardens
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           Art
           that
           teaches
           their
           Construction
           ,
           and
           therefore
           cannot
           but
           think
           it
           very
           impertinent
           to
           go
           about
           to
           persuade
           any
           one
           to
           study
           it
           ;
           when
           I
           observe
           the
           most
           part
           of
           Men
           possess'd
           with
           a
           natural
           passion
           for
           so
           sweet
           and
           profitable
           an
           Occupation
           ,
           I
           shall
           wave
           those
           Complements
           ,
           and
           fall
           down-right
           upon
           the
           pursuit
           of
           my
           Design
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           instruct
           ,
           in
           case
           I
           can
           show
           my self
           really
           master
           enough
           of
           the
           Art
           ,
           worthily
           to
           perform
           it
           .
        
         
           This
           Treatise
           therefore
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           said
           ,
           is
           chiefly
           intended
           for
           two
           sorts
           of
           Persons
           .
           First
           ,
           for
           those
           illustrious
           Gard'ners
           (
           for
           so
           it
           is
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           more
           particular
           and
           significant
           Terms
           ,
           I
           will
           hence
           forward
           stile
           the
           famous
           lovers
           of
           Gard'ning
           ,
           of
           what
           Quality
           soever
           they
           be
           .
           )
           And
           next
           ,
           the
           
             Ordinary
             Gard'ners
          
           ,
           those
           ,
           I
           mean
           ,
           that
           are
           commonly
           known
           by
           the
           plain
           name
           of
           Gardners
           ,
           whether
           they
           already
           exercise
           the
           Trade
           ,
           or
           only
           desire
           to
           begin
           to
           learn
           it
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           assist
           the
           first
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           illustrious
           Gard'ners
           ,
           how
           to
           find
           and
           attain
           casily
           the
           true
           divertisements
           of
           Gardens
           .
           And
           the
           others
           I
           will
           endeavour
           to
           instruct
           ,
           and
           render
           fit
           and
           capable
           ,
           artfully
           to
           perform
           all
           the
           Duties
           of
           their
           Calling
           and
           Quality
           .
           My
           design
           appears
           very
           great
           ,
           and
           very
           specious
           ,
           and
           therefore
           must
           be
           managed
           with
           some
           Order
           .
           That
           which
           I
           purpose
           to
           follow
           ,
           is
           this
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           divide
           the
           Work
           into
           six
           parts
           ,
           every
           one
           of
           which
           I
           shall
           make
           a
           particular
           Book
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           begin
           the
           first
           by
           proving
           as
           well
           as
           I
           can
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           had
           better
           never
           have
           any
           Fruit
           or
           
             Kitchin
             Gardens
          
           at
           all
           ,
           than
           not
           to
           be
           reasonably
           well
           instructed
           in
           the
           management
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           I
           will
           shew
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           very
           easie
           to
           acquire
           a
           general
           and
           sufficient
           Knowledge
           in
           it
           ,
           there
           being
           nothing
           else
           needful
           to
           be
           done
           for
           that
           ,
           but
           carefully
           to
           read
           ,
           and
           order
           to
           be
           exactly
           observed
           ,
           a
           little
           abridgment
           of
           the
           Rules
           of
           Gard'ning
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           drawn
           up
           by
           way
           of
           Aphorisms
           ,
           in
           the
           third
           Chapter
           of
           the
           first
           Book
           .
        
         
           And
           afterwards
           in
           the
           same
           first
           Part
           ,
           I
           will
           ,
           if
           my
           Judgment
           deceive
           me
           not
           ,
           give
           directions
           how
           to
           make
           a
           discreet
           choice
           of
           able
           Gard'ners
           ,
           which
           I
           reckon
           to
           be
           one
           of
           the
           most
           important
           points
           to
           be
           lookt
           after
           in
           this
           matter
           .
           And
           lastly
           to
           prevent
           any
           doubts
           or
           perplexities
           ,
           our
           Gentlemen
           Candidates
           ,
           or
           young
           beginners
           in
           these
           Curiosities
           may
           fall
           into
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           a
           right
           understanding
           of
           certain
           Terms
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           use
           in
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           I
           have
           added
           a
           little
           Dictionary
           of
           them
           at
           the
           end
           ,
           which
           gives
           as
           full
           an
           explanation
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           is
           necessary
           to
           make
           them
           intelligible
           to
           the
           meanest
           Readers
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           second
           part
           ,
           I
           shall
           first
           shew
           what
           Qualities
           are
           necessary
           to
           make
           any
           piece
           of
           Ground
           fit
           to
           be
           converted
           into
           a
           Garden
           ,
           that
           may
           be
           both
           profitable
           and
           delightful
           .
           Next
           I
           shall
           direct
           what
           is
           to
           be
           done
           in
           order
           to
           the
           right
           preparation
           of
           those
           Grounds
           ,
           that
           are
           naturally
           pretty
           good
           ,
           and
           the
           melioration
           and
           improvement
           of
           those
           which
           are
           not
           so
           ;
           and
           how
           to
           model
           any
           Fruit
           or
           
             Kitchin
             Garden
          
           whatsoever
           ,
           great
           or
           little
           ,
           regular
           or
           irregular
           ,
           well
           or
           ill
           situated
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           most
           advantageous
           disposing
           of
           its
           enclosure
           ,
           and
           well
           garnishing
           its
           Walls
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           Ground
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           that
           the
           whole
           may
           be
           so
           well
           imployed
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           not
           only
           court
           our
           Senses
           with
           the
           Charms
           of
           Neatness
           and
           Beauty
           ,
           but
           be
           rendred
           more
           easie
           and
           convenient
           to
           Cultivate
           ,
           and
           so
           complaisant
           and
           good
           natur'd
           ,
           as
           above
           all
           ,
           to
           reward
           our
           Labours
           with
           a
           
           competent
           store
           not
           only
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Legumes
           ,
           but
           particularly
           of
           choice
           ,
           good
           and
           lovely
           Fruits
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           I
           will
           lay
           down
           instructions
           how
           to
           cultivate
           Fruit-Trees
           throughout
           the
           whole
           Year
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           recruit
           them
           with
           fresh
           Amendments
           ,
           as
           often
           as
           they
           shall
           need
           it
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           Third
           Part
           ,
           I
           will
           endeavour
           to
           describe
           which
           are
           in
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           the
           choicest
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           that
           Gentlemen
           may
           not
           only
           be
           thereby
           induced
           to
           chuse
           none
           but
           them
           ,
           but
           may
           be
           directed
           how
           to
           proportion
           the
           number
           of
           each
           of
           them
           in
           every
           Garden
           ,
           and
           because
           't
           is
           not
           enough
           to
           know
           only
           in
           general
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           principal
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           I
           shall
           also
           specifie
           in
           particular
           which
           are
           the
           best
           in
           every
           Month
           ,
           how
           long
           each
           sort
           of
           them
           usually
           last
           ,
           and
           as
           near
           as
           can
           well
           be
           calculated
           ,
           what
           quantity
           of
           Fruit
           each
           Tree
           may
           be
           expected
           to
           yield
           at
           its
           first
           beginning
           to
           bear
           ,
           after
           three
           ,
           four
           ,
           five
           ,
           or
           six
           years
           planting
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           well
           ordered
           ,
           that
           Gentlemen
           may
           take
           their
           measures
           accordingly
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           be
           furnisht
           with
           such
           a
           store
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           may
           be
           sufficient
           to
           content
           the
           passion
           they
           may
           have
           for
           Fruit.
           I
           will
           likewise
           give
           Directions
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           how
           to
           assign
           each
           Fruit-Tree
           the
           place
           that
           is
           most
           proper
           and
           effectual
           to
           make
           it
           thrive
           and
           prosper
           .
           And
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           how
           to
           chuse
           such
           well
           qualified
           Stocks
           of
           every
           sort
           of
           Tree
           ,
           as
           may
           truly
           deserve
           a
           place
           in
           a
           Garden
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           how
           to
           prepare
           them
           by
           trimming
           both
           their
           Tops
           and
           Roots
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           plant
           them
           ;
           and
           ,
           Lastly
           ,
           how
           to
           plant
           them
           well
           ;
           all
           which
           are
           Observations
           so
           absolutely
           necessary
           ,
           that
           without
           them
           ,
           't
           is
           impossible
           not
           to
           commit
           very
           great
           errours
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fourth
           Part
           ,
           I
           will
           treat
           of
           the
           pruning
           ,
           of
           Trees
           according
           to
           the
           method
           practised
           by
           my Self
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           I
           will
           describe
           my
           way
           of
           
             pinching
             some
             of
             them
          
           ,
           and
           of
           disbudding
           or
           
             thinning
             their
             Leaves
             ,
             nailing
             them
             up
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           fifth
           Part
           ,
           I
           will
           direct
           how
           to
           thin
           them
           of
           their
           Fruit
           ,
           by
           plucking
           off
           as
           many
           as
           occasion
           shall
           require
           ,
           where
           they
           grow
           too
           thick
           ,
           for
           we
           are
           not
           to
           leave
           so
           many
           Fruit
           upon
           a
           Tree
           ,
           as
           it
           had
           Blossoms
           ,
           but
           have
           reason
           rather
           to
           be
           suspicious
           of
           those
           that
           blossom
           too
           much
           ,
           the
           excess
           of
           their
           good
           Will
           ,
           if
           I
           may
           so
           say
           ,
           being
           to
           be
           reckoned
           a
           great
           Fault
           ,
           because
           it
           most
           certainly
           disables
           them
           from
           bringing
           their
           products
           to
           perfection
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           also
           give
           instructions
           when
           't
           will
           be
           proper
           to
           uncover
           such
           Fruit
           as
           we
           shall
           have
           left
           growing
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           their
           attaining
           that
           beauty
           of
           colour
           ,
           and
           accomplisht
           goodness
           which
           are
           agreeable
           to
           their
           kind
           ;
           as
           also
           ,
           exactly
           when
           to
           gather
           both
           those
           which
           ripen
           on
           the
           Tree
           ,
           and
           those
           which
           attain
           not
           their
           full
           ripeness
           there
           ,
           but
           must
           be
           laid
           up
           to
           mellow
           in
           the
           House
           .
           Also
           ,
        
         
           How
           to
           keep
           them
           as
           long
           as
           't
           is
           possible
           ,
           for
           which
           purpose
           ,
           I
           shall
           give
           all
           necessary
           Directions
           for
           the
           Building
           ,
           Exposition
           ,
           and
           Disposition
           of
           Store-houses
           for
           Fruit.
           And
           ,
           Lastly
           ,
           I
           shall
           direct
           how
           to
           know
           when
           any
           sort
           of
           Fruit
           is
           ripe
           ,
           and
           when
           it
           may
           seasonably
           be
           served
           up
           to
           be
           eaten
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           such
           as
           will
           not
           keep
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           all
           Summer-Fruits
           ,
           or
           such
           as
           is
           laid
           up
           in
           the
           Store-house
           to
           be
           kept
           ,
           of
           which
           Class
           ,
           are
           Autumn
           and
           
             Winter
             Fruits
          
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           same
           fifth
           part
           ,
           I
           intend
           likewise
           to
           treat
           of
           some
           Diseases
           of
           Trees
           that
           may
           be
           cured
           ,
           where
           I
           shall
           ingenuously
           declare
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           which
           are
           those
           against
           which
           I
           have
           been
           able
           yet
           to
           find
           no
           Remedy
           :
           Also
           to
           restore
           those
           Trees
           to
           their
           former
           vigour
           which
           are
           fallen
           into
           a
           languishing
           Condition
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           good
           Culture
           .
           And
           ,
           Lastly
           ,
           to
           lay
           down
           Instructions
           ,
           how
           to
           distinguish
           those
           which
           are
           past
           recovery
           ,
           that
           so
           no
           Person
           may
           be
           at
           any
           further
           expence
           of
           time
           ,
           or
           Pains
           or
           Money
           upon
           
           them
           ,
           to
           no
           purpose
           .
           I
           likewise
           pretend
           in
           the
           same
           fifth
           part
           ,
           to
           give
           all
           the
           insight
           that
           is
           needful
           for
           the
           management
           of
           Nurseries
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Fruit-Trees
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           respect
           to
           the
           choice
           of
           Stocks
           most
           proper
           to
           receive
           Grafts
           of
           what
           kind
           soever
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Grafting
           them
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           most
           agreeable
           both
           to
           each
           sort
           of
           Fruit
           to
           be
           Grafted
           ,
           and
           to
           each
           Stock
           to
           be
           Grafted
           on
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           also
           give
           my
           advice
           about
           the
           different
           ways
           of
           Trellissing
           and
           Nailing
           up
           Wall-Trees
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           in
           the
           sixth
           part
           ,
           I
           intend
           to
           treat
           of
           Kitchin-Gardens
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           subject
           of
           no
           less
           vast
           extent
           than
           profit
           ,
           when
           it
           falls
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           Persons
           that
           understand
           ,
           and
           manage
           it
           aright
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           Treat
           of
           it
           somewhat
           Largely
           ;
           with
           design
           to
           shew
           ,
        
         
           First
           ,
           what
           may
           profitably
           enter
           into
           all
           sorts
           of
           Kitchin-Gardens
           ,
           so
           compleatly
           to
           stock
           them
           that
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           there
           's
           nothing
           wanting
           in
           them
           ,
           to
           which
           I
           shall
           add
           a
           Description
           of
           all
           seeds
           and
           other
           things
           ,
           by
           which
           each
           particular
           sort
           of
           plant
           is
           produced
           and
           multiplyed
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           I
           shall
           specifie
           what
           products
           and
           provisions
           ,
           a
           Kitchin-Garden
           should
           furnish
           us
           with
           every
           Month
           of
           the
           Tear
           ,
           and
           what
           should
           be
           the
           work
           of
           Gard'ners
           in
           every
           one
           of
           those
           Months
           ,
           and
           shew
           how
           to
           do
           them
           well
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           what
           should
           be
           found
           in
           every
           Kitchin-Garden
           ,
           at
           all
           seasons
           ,
           to
           convince
           us
           it
           is
           in
           a
           good
           Condition
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           what
           sort
           of
           Ground
           is
           most
           proper
           for
           every
           particular
           sort
           of
           Plant
           ,
           to
           bring
           it
           to
           its
           due
           perfection
           ,
           and
           more
           especially
           which
           is
           the
           best
           way
           to
           make
           all
           sorts
           of
           Legumes
           turn
           to
           account
           ,
           and
           answer
           expectation
           ,
           whether
           they
           be
           such
           as
           are
           sown
           not
           to
           be
           removed
           ,
           or
           such
           as
           must
           necessarily
           be
           transplanted
           ,
           or
           lastly
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           propagated
           without
           sowing
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           how
           long
           each
           of
           them
           occupies
           its
           place
           ,
           as
           well
           before
           it
           arrives
           to
           its
           due
           perfection
           ,
           as
           whilst
           it
           continues
           bearing
           .
           I
           will
           also
           specifie
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           what
           plants
           must
           be
           housed
           up
           in
           the
           Conservatory
           for
           our
           
             Winter
             Provisions
          
           ,
           and
           what
           by
           the
           help
           of
           Art
           and
           Industry
           ,
           may
           be
           produced
           inspite
           of
           the
           srost
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fifth
           place
           ,
           I
           shall
           Teach
           how
           to
           raise
           all
           sort
           of
           seeds
           ,
           for
           the
           more
           easie
           maintainance
           of
           our
           Kitchin-Garden
           in
           full
           stock
           ,
           and
           shall
           declare
           how
           long
           time
           each
           sort
           will
           keep
           good
           ,
           they
           having
           not
           all
           the
           same
           destiny
           in
           that
           respect
           .
        
         
           And
           a
           Gard'ner
           that
           could
           but
           understand
           ,
           what
           I
           have
           just
           now
           proposed
           in
           the
           abovesaid
           ,
           would
           in
           all
           likewise
           be
           as
           fit
           as
           could
           be
           desired
           ,
           for
           an
           ordinary
           Garden
           .
        
         
           But
           however
           ,
           in
           my
           opinion
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           further
           needful
           for
           him
           to
           have
           some
           little
           understanding
           ,
           in
           the
           Culture
           of
           Orange-Trees
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           we
           have
           above
           remarked
           ,
           are
           indeed
           properly
           Fruit-Trees
           ,
           though
           very
           often
           they
           are
           not
           so
           much
           considered
           for
           their
           Fruit
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           Flowers
           expected
           from
           them
           ;
           neither
           is
           that
           Culture
           any
           thing
           nigh
           so
           difficult
           as
           has
           been
           hitherto
           imagined
           .
           And
           likewise
           without
           any
           design
           ,
           to
           encroach
           too
           much
           upon
           so
           many
           skilful
           Artists
           ,
           whose
           peculiar
           province
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           deal
           in
           all
           those
           Beauteous
           plants
           ,
           that
           Compose
           the
           rich
           enamellings
           of
           Parterres
           ,
           and
           
             Flower
             Plots
          
           ,
           I
           may
           venture
           to
           put
           in
           a
           word
           or
           two
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Culture
           of
           Jessimins
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           ordinary
           Flowers
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           had
           every
           Month
           in
           the
           Tear
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           do
           whilst
           I
           am
           treating
           of
           the
           products
           and
           provisions
           of
           each
           Month
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           Sixth
           part
           .
           And
           it
           is
           certain
           ,
           we
           may
           have
           some
           few
           Flowers
           in
           most
           Gardens
           of
           any
           reasonable
           bigness
           ,
           and
           have
           them
           betimes
           too
           ,
           witness
           that
           famous
           Gard'ner
           of
           Oebalia
           ;
           and
           therefore
           because
           every
           Curious
           Gentleman
           either
           not
           being
           in
           a
           condition
           ,
           or
           not
           willing
           to
           keep
           several
           Gard'ners
           ,
           many
           of
           them
           are
           often
           obliged
           to
           content
           themselves
           
           with
           but
           one
           ,
           to
           serve
           their
           Curiosity
           ;
           this
           induced
           me
           to
           think
           it
           necessary
           enough
           ,
           that
           the
           Gard'ner
           I
           instruct
           for
           the
           Service
           of
           an
           ingenious
           Gentleman
           ,
           should
           find
           something
           here
           a
           little
           beyond
           the
           bare
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Culture
           of
           a
           Fruit-Garden
           ,
           or
           
             Kitchin
             Garden
          
           .
        
         
           Perhaps
           in
           this
           Sixth
           part
           ,
           an
           
             Ordinary
             Gard'ner
          
           will
           find
           light
           enough
           to
           enable
           him
           to
           content
           a
           Master
           ,
           that
           has
           but
           a
           moderate
           passion
           for
           Flowers
           :
           and
           that
           's
           all
           I
           proposed
           to
           my self
           ,
           by
           the
           instructions
           I
           have
           inserted
           relating
           to
           them
           .
           Upon
           which
           occasion
           ,
           I
           cannot
           forbear
           Exclaiming
           ,
           that
           happy
           are
           they
           who
           in
           matter
           of
           Gard'ning
           ,
           know
           how
           to
           follow
           the
           wise
           advises
           of
           the
           Prince
           of
           Poets
           ,
           and
           the
           Example
           of
           that
           Gard'ner
           ,
           whom
           he
           has
           rendred
           so
           famous
           by
           his
           Verses
           ;
           for
           that
           Illustrious
           Author
           likes
           well
           ,
           we
           should
           admire
           the
           Beauty
           of
           Spacious
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           praise
           them
           too
           ,
           if
           we
           please
           ;
           but
           yet
           he
           advises
           us
           to
           content
           our selves
           with
           small
           ones
           to
           Cultivate
           .
        
         
           For
           it
           is
           indeed
           the
           interest
           of
           every
           one
           ,
           of
           what
           Quality
           soever
           he
           may
           be
           ,
           timely
           to
           resolve
           not
           only
           to
           choose
           that
           sort
           of
           Garden
           he
           fansies
           best
           ,
           but
           especially
           to
           be
           Cautious
           how
           he
           undertakes
           to
           plant
           a
           Larger
           one
           ,
           than
           his
           conveniences
           will
           permit
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           not
           be
           obliged
           to
           charge
           himself
           with
           more
           Gard'ners
           than
           he
           can
           easily
           maintain
           ,
           and
           than
           are
           absolutely
           necessary
           for
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           his
           Estate
           and
           Circumstances
           .
           They
           which
           act
           otherwise
           in
           affairs
           of
           this
           Nature
           ,
           do
           but
           prepare
           assured
           matter
           of
           great
           vexation
           to
           themselves
           ,
           out
           of
           that
           very
           subject
           ,
           which
           otherwisewould
           have
           yielded
           them
           all
           the
           pleasures
           they
           expected
           from
           it
           .
           For
           Gard'ning
           ought
           to
           bring
           in
           profit
           ;
           that
           was
           the
           first
           motive
           of
           its
           Institution
           :
           But
           Profit
           alas
           ,
           seldom
           attends
           the
           endeavours
           of
           those
           Rash
           Projecters
           ,
           that
           undertake
           things
           beyond
           their
           Abilities
           :
           no
           ,
           that
           is
           a
           Prize
           only
           attainable
           by
           those
           that
           content
           themselves
           with
           feasible
           and
           moderate
           attempts
           .
        
         
           Agriculture
           in
           general
           may
           be
           look'd
           upon
           as
           a
           Science
           of
           a
           vast
           extent
           ,
           and
           proper
           to
           afford
           
             Philosophical
             Wits
          
           an
           infinite
           deal
           of
           Exercise
           ,
           no
           part
           of
           
             Natural
             Philosophy
          
           yielding
           more
           excellent
           matter
           for
           contemplation
           ,
           or
           being
           more
           fertile
           in
           useful
           and
           delightful
           experiments
           ,
           than
           that
           which
           treats
           of
           Vegetation
           .
           For
           I
           know
           there
           are
           abundance
           of
           fine
           and
           curious
           Questions
           proposed
           in
           it
           ;
           as
           for
           Example
           ,
           Whether
           the
           Sap
           circulates
           in
           plants
           ,
           as
           the
           bloud
           does
           in
           Animals
           ?
           Whether
           the
           Roots
           do
           actively
           attract
           ,
           or
           only
           passively
           ,
           without
           any
           action
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           receive
           the
           juice
           which
           serves
           for
           the
           nourishment
           of
           every
           Plant
           ;
           from
           whence
           that
           infinite
           difference
           of
           Saps
           proceeds
           ,
           which
           produces
           so
           great
           a
           diversity
           and
           variety
           of
           Tasts
           and
           Figures
           ,
           as
           we
           observe
           in
           Plants
           ,
           and
           how
           the
           growth
           of
           Plants
           ,
           in
           both
           length
           and
           thickness
           ,
           is
           effected
           in
           their
           
             Trunks
             ,
             Branches
             ,
             Leaves
          
           and
           Fruits
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           there
           is
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           other
           Curiosities
           of
           that
           nature
           ,
           the
           knowledge
           of
           which
           would
           doubtless
           give
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           pleasure
           to
           
             Learned
             Men
          
           ;
           but
           yet
           perhaps
           would
           not
           add
           any
           thing
           considerable
           to
           the
           skill
           or
           capacity
           of
           our
           Work-man
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           said
           ,
           my
           principal
           aim
           in
           this
           Treatise
           .
           I
           shall
           however
           examine
           some
           of
           those
           ingenious
           and
           nice
           Questions
           ,
           only
           to
           give
           my
           opinion
           upon
           them
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           of
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           done
           under
           the
           title
           of
           Reflections
           upon
           Agriculture
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           I
           do
           not
           think
           it
           very
           necessary
           to
           examine
           any
           of
           them
           to
           the
           bottom
           ,
           unless
           they
           be
           such
           as
           may
           probably
           serve
           to
           the
           establishing
           of
           some
           Rules
           ,
           or
           Maxims
           proper
           for
           my
           design
           :
           that
           which
           is
           most
           particularly
           our
           Business
           here
           ,
           being
           to
           shew
           what
           may
           most
           effectually
           procure
           us
           both
           plenty
           and
           pleasure
           ,
           with
           the
           most
           easie
           and
           least
           expence
           .
           As
           for
           example
           ,
           methinks
           't
           is
           very
           material
           ,
           to
           know
           in
           some
           competent
           measure
           ,
           the
           beginning
           and
           order
           of
           Vegetation
           ;
           
           to
           know
           what
           the
           Sap
           does
           both
           in
           the
           Roots
           and
           Branches
           ,
           according
           as
           it
           abounds
           more
           or
           less
           in
           each
           of
           them
           ,
           whether
           strong
           or
           seeble
           ;
           to
           know
           what
           Branches
           are
           best
           disposed
           for
           bearing
           of
           Fruit
           ,
           and
           which
           for
           producing
           of
           Wood
           ;
           to
           know
           the
           reasons
           of
           Tillage
           ,
           and
           of
           amendments
           ,
           and
           several
           other
           things
           no
           less
           useful
           than
           those
           .
           Because
           without
           knowing
           such
           points
           as
           these
           ,
           we
           could
           establish
           no
           certain
           method
           of
           pruning
           either
           Roots
           or
           Branches
           ;
           of
           making
           Trees
           flourish
           ,
           and
           advancing
           them
           into
           a
           Condition
           to
           be
           able
           to
           bear
           fine
           Fruit
           ;
           of
           making
           all
           sorts
           of
           Trees
           and
           Plants
           vigorous
           ,
           &c.
           which
           are
           the
           things
           I
           think
           most
           particularly
           necessary
           to
           be
           known
           .
        
         
           And
           accordingly
           't
           is
           in
           the
           decision
           of
           these
           sorts
           of
           difficulties
           that
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           reason
           with
           the
           greatest
           evidence
           I
           could
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           confirm
           the
           Instructions
           I
           give
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           found
           only
           upon
           very
           frequent
           ,
           very
           long
           and
           very
           exact
           observations
           made
           by
           my
           own
           self
           in
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           without
           taking
           any
           thing
           upon
           trust
           ,
           upon
           the
           report
           of
           any
           other
           Person
           .
           So
           that
           here
           I
           communicate
           to
           the
           World
           all
           the
           light
           I
           have
           acquired
           in
           this
           sort
           of
           Agriculture
           :
           and
           in
           so
           doing
           ,
           I
           give
           an
           account
           of
           all
           I
           have
           observed
           Nature
           to
           do
           in
           the
           production
           of
           Vegetables
           .
           And
           I
           give
           this
           account
           not
           only
           without
           any
           reserve
           ,
           but
           sincerely
           and
           faithfully
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           best
           of
           my
           slender
           Skill
           and
           Capacity
           .
           I
           have
           express'd
           my self
           in
           the
           plainest
           manner
           I
           possibly
           could
           ,
           as
           being
           well
           enough
           convinced
           ,
           that
           this
           kind
           of
           matter
           ,
           requires
           no
           lofty
           or
           swelling
           style
           ,
           and
           needs
           no
           greater
           ornament
           than
           to
           be
           set
           in
           a
           clear
           light
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           well
           explained
           ,
           and
           well
           understood
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           here
           add
           ,
           That
           the
           third
           Part
           of
           this
           Work
           ,
           where
           I
           treat
           of
           the
           choice
           and
           proportion
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           was
           that
           which
           cost
           me
           the
           greatest
           pains
           of
           any
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           ,
           if
           I
           mistake
           not
           ,
           will
           prove
           one
           of
           the
           most
           useful
           .
           My
           undertaking
           therein
           is
           as
           Great
           as
           New
           ;
           that
           which
           makes
           me
           call
           it
           New
           ,
           is
           because
           that
           hitherto
           I
           never
           knew
           any
           Body
           that
           ever
           projected
           the
           like
           :
           And
           that
           which
           induces
           me
           to
           call
           it
           Great
           ,
           is
           the
           great
           variety
           of
           matter
           ,
           which
           I
           am
           to
           treat
           of
           in
           it
           ;
           which
           though
           it
           be
           common
           and
           ordinary
           ,
           yet
           is
           little
           understood
           ,
           and
           consequently
           gives
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           trouble
           to
           most
           adventurers
           in
           these
           Curiosities
           .
           Those
           Directions
           for
           the
           choice
           of
           the
           best
           Fruits
           ,
           that
           proportion
           of
           number
           to
           be
           observed
           of
           Trees
           of
           every
           kind
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           bigness
           of
           the
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           the
           Quality
           of
           the
           Ground
           .
           Those
           Rules
           for
           the
           Situations
           and
           Distances
           ,
           &c.
           which
           I
           there
           lay
           down
           ,
           are
           all
           matters
           of
           very
           great
           importance
           in
           Gard'ning
           ;
           of
           which
           therefore
           't
           is
           so
           highly
           necessary
           to
           be
           well
           informed
           ,
           that
           't
           will
           be
           otherwise
           impracticable
           ,
           to
           plant
           with
           success
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           I
           find
           most
           troublesome
           in
           this
           attempt
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           impossible
           to
           perform
           it
           in
           few
           Words
           :
           so
           that
           to
           manage
           it
           with
           the
           conduct
           it
           requires
           ,
           I
           find
           my self
           obliged
           to
           make
           a
           large
           discussion
           ,
           and
           under
           an
           indispensible
           necessity
           to
           promise
           a
           Preface
           too
           ,
           both
           somewhat
           long
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           altogether
           tedious
           ,
           both
           to
           my self
           ,
           and
           to
           those
           for
           whose
           Service
           I
           make
           it
           .
           So
           that
           though
           I
           should
           not
           otherwise
           have
           misfortune
           enough
           by
           giving
           occasion
           to
           some
           curious
           Gentlemen
           to
           quarrel
           with
           me
           ,
           for
           the
           judgment
           I
           shall
           give
           of
           every
           particular
           sort
           of
           Fruit
           ,
           whether
           I
           should
           care
           or
           not
           for
           their
           exceptions
           ;
           yet
           the
           frightful
           number
           of
           difficulties
           I
           must
           expect
           to
           meet
           with
           in
           the
           Execution
           of
           a
           Design
           of
           so
           great
           an
           extent
           ,
           might
           be
           alone
           sufficient
           to
           make
           me
           lose
           Courage
           ,
           and
           indeed
           had
           almost
           actually
           prevail'd
           with
           me
           to
           desist
           ,
           not
           only
           while
           I
           was
           but
           beginning
           it
           ,
           but
           after
           I
           had
           made
           a
           considerable
           Progress
           in
           it
           .
        
         
         
           However
           being
           perswaded
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           that
           my
           Work
           would
           have
           been
           much
           less
           useful
           than
           I
           intended
           it
           should
           ,
           if
           this
           part
           had
           been
           wanting
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           being
           extremely
           zealous
           to
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           no
           less
           averse
           from
           the
           least
           inclination
           to
           offend
           any
           body
           ,
           I
           took
           courage
           to
           pursue
           my
           project
           ,
           in
           good
           hopes
           ,
           that
           at
           least
           a
           considerable
           number
           of
           those
           
             Admirers
             of
             Fruit
             and
             Fruit-Trees
          
           ,
           and
           which
           are
           the
           only
           Persons
           ,
           which
           I
           value
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           and
           for
           whom
           I
           designed
           it
           ,
           will
           kindly
           accept
           a
           work
           which
           so
           much
           shortens
           their
           way
           ;
           And
           if
           there
           happen
           to
           be
           any
           among
           them
           that
           may
           think
           they
           have
           reason
           to
           find
           fault
           with
           my
           palate
           ,
           because
           they
           will
           not
           always
           find
           it
           conformable
           to
           their
           own
           ,
           I
           have
           reason
           to
           believe
           they
           will
           do
           it
           without
           any
           displeasure
           at
           me
           ,
           or
           railing
           at
           my
           innocent
           design
           ,
           since
           I
           pretend
           not
           to
           confine
           ,
           or
           blame
           any
           man
           in
           point
           of
           Taste
           .
           No
           ,
           I
           know
           well
           enough
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           order
           of
           Nature
           ,
           every
           Man
           is
           
             Soveraign
             Judge
          
           of
           his
           own
           cause
           in
           that
           Question
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           I
           ,
           so
           that
           as
           we
           say
           commonly
           ,
           Peoples
           Tastes
           are
           not
           to
           be
           disputed
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           supposed
           ,
           I
           shall
           need
           only
           to
           follow
           the
           resolution
           I
           have
           taken
           ,
           to
           use
           all
           imaginable
           precautions
           ,
           to
           keep
           as
           near
           to
           that
           Complaisance
           in
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           this
           Treatise
           of
           Gardening
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           be
           able
           ,
           acting
           however
           all
           along
           according
           to
           this
           principle
           ,
           That
           
             Doctrinal
             Instructions
          
           are
           not
           to
           be
           managed
           like
           Works
           of
           Eloquence
           ;
           for
           in
           these
           latter
           indeed
           ,
           all
           is
           not
           to
           be
           sai'd
           ,
           that
           can
           be
           said
           ;
           an
           Oratours
           part
           ,
           being
           only
           to
           give
           the
           Ingenious
           Auditours
           a
           Glimpse
           of
           the
           beauties
           of
           a
           subject
           ,
           and
           to
           leave
           them
           the
           pleasure
           to
           make
           further
           discoveries
           of
           its
           Charms
           ,
           themselves
           ;
           But
           in
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           I
           think
           I
           cannot
           do
           better
           than
           to
           follow
           the
           wise
           Counsel
           of
           a
           Lord
           ,
           as
           illustrious
           for
           the
           great
           extent
           of
           his
           knowledge
           ,
           as
           for
           his
           Birth
           ,
           Vertue
           ,
           and
           eminent
           employments
           ;
           who
           advised
           me
           particularly
           ,
           never
           to
           suppose
           others
           to
           know
           what
           I
           know
           ,
           in
           matters
           of
           this
           kind
           ,
           being
           perswaded
           that
           was
           the
           only
           sure
           Method
           I
           could
           use
           ,
           to
           succeed
           in
           my
           endeavours
           ;
           and
           therefore
           ,
           I
           ought
           to
           be
           careful
           to
           omit
           nothing
           ,
           and
           to
           leave
           nothing
           doubtful
           in
           my
           instruction
           ,
           which
           being
           by
           this
           means
           very
           large
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           very
           intelligible
           too
           every
           where
           ,
           will
           likewise
           certainly
           prove
           as
           useful
           in
           all
           its
           parts
           ,
           as
           I
           desire
           .
        
         
           This
           Consideration
           necessarily
           engages
           me
           to
           give
           very
           long
           ,
           and
           very
           particular
           accounts
           of
           things
           ,
           for
           which
           exactness
           ,
           I
           demand
           before
           hand
           some
           Indulgence
           ,
           not
           doubting
           but
           to
           most
           Readers
           ,
           it
           may
           seem
           too
           great
           ;
           but
           I
           have
           likewise
           no
           less
           reason
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           if
           it
           were
           less
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           attended
           by
           many
           much
           more
           offensive
           faults
           of
           another
           kind
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           if
           the
           length
           of
           this
           Treatise
           disgusts
           any
           Persons
           from
           Reading
           it
           ,
           in
           all
           likely-hood
           't
           will
           be
           such
           as
           are
           wholly
           taken
           up
           with
           greater
           businesses
           than
           this
           ,
           at
           which
           I
           am
           very
           well
           satisfied
           ,
           it
           being
           only
           intended
           for
           People
           not
           otherwise
           employed
           ,
           and
           for
           hours
           of
           Recreation
           :
           At
           least
           they
           who
           will
           please
           to
           take
           the
           pains
           to
           examine
           my
           conduct
           ,
           will
           see
           for
           my
           Iustification
           ,
           that
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           already
           said
           ,
           I
           have
           not
           pretended
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           declare
           my
           opinion
           ,
           upon
           the
           subject
           I
           treat
           of
           in
           that
           Third
           part
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           any
           Gentlemen
           be
           content
           to
           follow
           my
           Judgment
           ,
           without
           entring
           into
           any
           discussion
           of
           the
           Reasons
           which
           I
           make
           use
           of
           to
           enforce
           it
           ,
           they
           may
           let
           alone
           ,
           not
           only
           my
           
             Preliminary
             Discourse
          
           ,
           and
           my
           particular
           Considerations
           ,
           but
           likewise
           the
           descriptions
           I
           have
           made
           of
           the
           several
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           ;
           and
           so
           may
           go
           strait
           to
           the
           places
           where
           I
           conclude
           ,
           what
           I
           really
           think
           is
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           plant
           wisely
           and
           happily
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           noted
           all
           along
           in
           the
           margent
           ,
           and
           more
           especially
           
           in
           the
           Abridgment
           I
           have
           added
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Treatise
           )
           for
           there
           't
           is
           ,
           they
           will
           immediately
           find
           all
           the
           assistance
           they
           suppose
           they
           need
           ,
           and
           for
           which
           they
           are
           willing
           to
           be
           obliged
           to
           me
           .
        
         
           That
           which
           moves
           me
           to
           undertake
           a
           thing
           in
           my
           opinion
           ,
           so
           useful
           and
           Commodious
           ,
           is
           ,
           because
           when
           I
           see
           many
           Gardens
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Sizes
           ,
           as
           it
           has
           often
           hapned
           ,
           and
           daily
           happens
           to
           me
           ,
           I
           see
           indeed
           some
           Fruit
           there
           ,
           but
           withal
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           I
           see
           there
           the
           three
           greatest
           inconveniences
           to
           be
           feared
           in
           that
           respect
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           is
           ,
           that
           hardly
           any
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           that
           are
           well
           known
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           no
           very
           hopeful
           sign
           of
           their
           Goodness
           )
           are
           to
           be
           seen
           there
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           most
           of
           all
           to
           be
           found
           fault
           with
           ,
           the
           Good
           ones
           are
           more
           scarce
           there
           than
           the
           Bad
           ones
           :
           As
           for
           Example
           ,
           to
           instance
           in
           Pears
           ,
           which
           of
           all
           Fruits
           is
           that
           of
           which
           men
           plant
           most
           ,
           we
           shall
           commonly
           find
           in
           Gardens
           ,
           more
           trees
           of
           
             Catillacs
             ,
             Orange
             Pears
             ,
             Besideri's
             ,
             White
             Butter
             Pears
             ,
             Jargonells
             ,
             Summer
             Boncretiens
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Than
           of
           
             Bergamots
             ,
             Virgoulees
             ,
             Leschasseries
             ,
             Ambrets
             ,
             Thorn
             Pears
             ,
             Russelets
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           The
           second
           Incommodity
           is
           ,
           that
           ,
           if
           two
           or
           three
           kinds
           happen
           to
           be
           there
           that
           are
           truly
           Good
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           there
           almost
           all
           alone
           ,
           and
           that
           pretty
           often
           under
           different
           Names
           .
           For
           instance
           ,
           we
           shall
           find
           a
           Garden
           planted
           almost
           all
           with
           
             Winter
             Boncretiens
             ,
             Butter
             Pears
             ,
             Messire
             Johns
             ,
          
           &c.
           or
           else
           almost
           all
           only
           with
           
             Virgoulees
             ,
             Russelets
             ,
             Verte
             Longues
             ,
          
           or
           
             Long
             Green
             Pears
          
           ,
           &c.
           without
           a
           happy
           mixture
           of
           the
           one
           with
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           the
           third
           and
           most
           considerable
           Inconvenience
           is
           ,
           that
           we
           seldom
           see
           in
           any
           Gardens
           ,
           a
           succession
           of
           Fruits
           so
           judiciously
           contrived
           ,
           that
           without
           any
           discontinuation
           ,
           we
           may
           expect
           a
           perpetual
           supply
           of
           them
           in
           
             Summer
             ,
             Autumn
          
           ,
           and
           Winter
           ,
           which
           yet
           with
           due
           regard
           had
           to
           the
           Quality
           of
           their
           Ground
           ,
           might
           easily
           be
           effected
           ;
           they
           may
           perhaps
           boast
           ,
           they
           have
           a
           sufficiency
           or
           perhaps
           too
           much
           ,
           either
           in
           one
           of
           the
           three
           Seasons
           ,
           or
           during
           some
           part
           of
           each
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           for
           Instance
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           some
           Blanquets
           or
           Russelets
           for
           Summer
           ,
           some
           
             Butter
             Pears
          
           and
           Bergamots
           ,
           for
           Autumn
           ,
           and
           some
           Boncretiens
           and
           Virgoulees
           ,
           for
           Winter
           ,
           &c.
           
           But
           perhaps
           ,
           they
           have
           sew
           other
           Fruits
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           to
           furnish
           successively
           every
           Season
           so
           long
           as
           it
           lasts
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           to
           furnish
           all
           the
           whole
           three
           Seasons
           ,
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           without
           intermission
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           doubtless
           all
           very
           unpleasing
           Irregularities
           ,
           and
           which
           proceed
           from
           the
           want
           of
           due
           skill
           in
           contrivance
           ,
           whilst
           a
           Garden
           is
           planting
           ;
           for
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           Gentlemen
           commonly
           begin
           first
           with
           telling
           their
           design
           to
           some
           friends
           ,
           either
           to
           demand
           their
           advice
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           good
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           persons
           Skill'd
           in
           Gardening
           )
           or
           else
           chiefly
           to
           excite
           their
           Liberality
           ,
           if
           they
           have
           any
           trees
           to
           give
           away
           ,
           which
           usually
           produces
           ,
           as
           one
           may
           say
           ,
           rather
           an
           Hospital
           ,
           or
           confused
           Chaos
           of
           Fruit-Trees
           ,
           than
           a
           
             Regular
             Garden
          
           ;
           And
           if
           they
           have
           not
           skilful
           acquaintance
           to
           consult
           ,
           they
           send
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           go
           themselves
           to
           the
           
             Nursery
             Gardens
          
           ,
           which
           are
           ordinarily
           very
           ill
           contrived
           ;
           they
           name
           some
           few
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           they
           intend
           to
           plant
           ,
           and
           for
           all
           the
           rest
           only
           signifie
           in
           general
           ,
           what
           number
           of
           trees
           they
           would
           have
           ,
           without
           being
           able
           to
           name
           precisely
           the
           particular
           sorts
           they
           have
           occasion
           for
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           to
           specifie
           what
           numbers
           they
           want
           of
           each
           .
           And
           indeed
           't
           is
           because
           they
           are
           perswaded
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           better
           way
           to
           be
           taken
           ,
           considering
           that
           (
           if
           I
           may
           have
           leave
           to
           use
           those
           new
           Terms
           )
           there
           are
           almost
           no
           able
           
             Frugis
             Consults
          
           ,
           or
           
             Fruit
             Sages
          
           ,
           nor
           any
           good
           Books
           of
           this
           
             Frugis
             prudence
          
           ,
           or
           
             Science
             of
             Fruit
             Culture
          
           ,
           from
           which
           they
           may
           furnish
           themselves
           with
           the
           necessary
           instructions
           for
           the
           contriving
           of
           a
           well
           modelled
           Plantation
           ,
           
           and
           therefore
           they
           leave
           all
           to
           the
           Discretion
           of
           some
           Plant-Merchant
           ,
           who
           perhaps
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           is
           not
           very
           knowing
           ,
           nor
           over
           well
           stockt
           ,
           though
           at
           first
           he
           endeavours
           to
           perswade
           his
           Customers
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           all
           sorts
           of
           good
           Fruit-Trees
           ,
           as
           he
           would
           prove
           by
           the
           Testimony
           of
           some
           old
           confused
           Catalogue
           he
           fails
           not
           to
           shew
           them
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           is
           above
           all
           things
           desirous
           ,
           to
           take
           advantage
           of
           the
           occasion
           presented
           him
           ,
           to
           put
           off
           his
           ware
           ,
           because
           he
           is
           assured
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           keep
           long
           good
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           our
           new
           
             Curious
             adventurer
          
           is
           forced
           to
           plant
           such
           Trees
           as
           either
           his
           Friends
           have
           given
           him
           ,
           or
           as
           the
           Plant-Merchant
           has
           sold
           him
           ,
           whether
           they
           be
           Good
           or
           Bad
           ,
           and
           so
           provided
           the
           number
           he
           desired
           ,
           be
           compleated
           ,
           he
           rests
           satisfied
           and
           contented
           ,
           and
           quietly
           lets
           pass
           the
           first
           four
           ,
           or
           five
           ,
           or
           six
           years
           in
           expectation
           ,
           till
           every
           Tree
           may
           shew
           what
           it
           is
           able
           to
           perform
           :
           And
           he
           finds
           here
           and
           there
           one
           perhaps
           ,
           that
           bears
           Fruit
           ,
           to
           amuse
           the
           Master's
           .
           hopes
           for
           some
           while
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           ,
           time
           shews
           him
           a
           true
           ,
           but
           too
           late
           a
           sight
           of
           the
           errours
           into
           which
           he
           was
           unhappily
           fallen
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           the
           Trees
           are
           now
           grown
           tall
           how
           ill
           satisfied
           soever
           a
           man
           may
           be
           at
           the
           Fruit
           they
           produce
           ,
           he
           can
           hardly
           find
           in
           his
           heart
           to
           resolve
           upon
           new
           grafting
           them
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           upon
           beginning
           a
           new
           Plantation
           ,
           so
           much
           afraid
           are
           people
           of
           engaging
           in
           any
           attempt
           to
           correct
           their
           first
           mistakes
           ,
           that
           is
           attended
           with
           the
           hazard
           of
           making
           new
           ones
           equally
           pernicious
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           means
           they
           find
           themselves
           plunged
           in
           the
           mire
           ,
           and
           are
           so
           dispirited
           as
           to
           remain
           in
           it
           ,
           vexing
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           ,
           to
           see
           themselves
           deceived
           of
           the
           hopes
           they
           had
           conceived
           of
           their
           beloved
           project
           ;
           which
           produces
           that
           Disgust
           which
           we
           observe
           so
           commonly
           ,
           to
           sieze
           some
           men
           ,
           and
           make
           them
           ,
           though
           at
           first
           they
           appeared
           passionately
           inamoured
           with
           their
           Gardens
           ,
           seek
           in
           a
           few
           years
           after
           ,
           to
           get
           rid
           of
           them
           at
           any
           rate
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           likewise
           two
           other
           faults
           that
           are
           very
           common
           :
           The
           first
           is
           that
           for
           want
           of
           knowing
           the
           reasonable
           distances
           that
           are
           to
           be
           observed
           between
           Trees
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           the
           goodness
           of
           the
           Ground
           ,
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Walls
           ,
           and
           the
           quality
           of
           the
           several
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           ;
           They
           are
           osten
           planted
           either
           too
           nigh
           to
           ,
           or
           too
           far
           off
           one
           from
           the
           other
           ;
           The
           second
           is
           ,
           that
           likewise
           for
           want
           of
           duly
           understanding
           what
           Situations
           agree
           best
           with
           each
           sort
           of
           Tree
           ,
           a
           considerable
           number
           of
           them
           are
           often
           unluckily
           planted
           in
           
             unkindly
             Places
          
           .
        
         
           And
           is
           it
           possible
           for
           a
           man
           animated
           with
           so
           warm
           a
           Zeal
           for
           Gard'ning
           as
           I
           am
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           sensibly
           touch'd
           at
           all
           these
           misfortunes
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           have
           some
           compassion
           upon
           those
           that
           unwarily
           ingage
           in
           the
           Curiosity
           of
           the
           Planting
           and
           Culture
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           without
           qualifying
           themselves
           with
           some
           little
           knowledge
           in
           it
           ?
           No
           ,
           certainly
           ,
           and
           therefore
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           possibly
           I
           can
           ,
           I
           will
           endeavour
           to
           prevent
           all
           those
           faults
           ,
           and
           to
           lay
           down
           directions
           ,
           how
           to
           plant
           with
           so
           much
           circumspection
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           Gentleman
           has
           a
           Garden
           big
           enough
           to
           receive
           any
           reasonable
           number
           of
           Trees
           ,
           he
           may
           have
           in
           it
           all
           the
           principal
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           that
           are
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           for
           every
           Season
           of
           the
           year
           .
        
         
           This
           reason
           that
           concerns
           the
           contriving
           of
           a
           continual
           successive
           supply
           of
           Fruits
           throughout
           all
           the
           Seasons
           ;
           may
           prevail
           with
           me
           sometimes
           in
           Plantations
           ,
           to
           preferr
           a
           meaner
           Fruit
           before
           a
           better
           ,
           and
           that
           because
           the
           better
           comes
           in
           ,
           in
           a
           time
           when
           I
           may
           have
           a
           sufficient
           provision
           of
           other
           admirable
           sorts
           besides
           ,
           and
           the
           meaner
           one
           comes
           in
           a
           season
           ,
           when
           the
           scarcity
           of
           the
           most
           excellent
           Fruits
           being
           very
           great
           ,
           we
           think
           our selves
           very
           happy
           ,
           if
           we
           can
           be
           supplied
           at
           least
           with
           some
           of
           a
           midling
           goodness
           :
           And
           accordingly
           for
           instance
           ,
           if
           I
           had
           but
           little
           room
           for
           
           
             Dwarf
             Pear-Trees
          
           ,
           I
           would
           plant
           sometimes
           a
           
             Dry
             Martin
          
           ,
           or
           a
           Bugi
           which
           are
           pretty
           good
           
             Winter
             Pears
          
           ,
           before
           a
           Robine
           ,
           or
           a
           
             Musked
             Summer
             Boncretien
          
           ,
           &c.
           which
           are
           
             Summer
             Fruits
          
           much
           better
           in
           themselves
           than
           the
           two
           precedent
           ones
           .
           I
           shall
           afterwards
           shew
           what
           Reasons
           oblige
           me
           to
           follow
           this
           Method
           .
        
         
           They
           which
           ,
           as
           I
           may
           without
           vanity
           ,
           say
           ,
           know
           not
           so
           much
           in
           this
           matter
           as
           I
           do
           ,
           may
           perhaps
           be
           surprised
           at
           such
           a
           choice
           ,
           which
           without
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           particular
           circumstances
           that
           influenced
           me
           to
           make
           it
           ,
           would
           appear
           somewhat
           odd
           ,
           but
           I
           dare
           assure
           them
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           find
           it
           not
           very
           easie
           to
           censure
           my
           Conduct
           ,
           if
           they
           will
           but
           allow
           themselves
           time
           to
           examine
           my
           Reasons
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           if
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           were
           never
           so
           well
           Experienced
           in
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           good
           sorts
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           never
           the
           further
           advanced
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           very
           difficult
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           Impossible
           ,
           to
           find
           them
           in
           the
           
             Nursery
             Gardens
          
           ,
           this
           is
           the
           Answer
           I
           make
           to
           so
           Important
           a
           Difficulty
           .
        
         
           I
           Hope
           my
           exactness
           in
           the
           Choice
           and
           proportion
           of
           Fruits
           I
           shall
           prescribe
           ,
           will
           produce
           a
           Regulation
           and
           kind
           of
           Reformation
           in
           all
           
             Nursery
             Gardens
          
           ;
           I
           mean
           ,
           that
           it
           will
           not
           only
           banish
           all
           confusion
           ,
           and
           effects
           of
           unskilfullness
           out
           of
           them
           that
           have
           been
           ill
           contrived
           ,
           but
           will
           cause
           new
           ones
           to
           be
           modelled
           with
           all
           possible
           Art
           and
           understanding
           ;
           And
           then
           it
           will
           happen
           ,
           that
           instead
           of
           grafting
           any
           more
           either
           of
           those
           kinds
           I
           reject
           by
           name
           ,
           or
           of
           those
           I
           name
           not
           ,
           that
           both
           of
           them
           will
           grow
           so
           much
           out
           of
           request
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           be
           but
           lost
           to
           the
           Gard'ners
           ,
           and
           consequently
           they
           will
           be
           obliged
           for
           their
           own
           interest
           ,
           to
           graft
           only
           those
           which
           I
           express
           some
           esteem
           for
           ;
           whether
           they
           be
           new
           or
           Ancient
           Kinds
           ,
           and
           none
           at
           all
           of
           the
           others
           ,
           and
           fewer
           of
           those
           of
           which
           few
           are
           to
           be
           planted
           ,
           and
           more
           of
           those
           of
           which
           I
           advise
           to
           plant
           the
           greatest
           number
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           ,
           the
           able
           Plant-Merchants
           may
           be
           assured
           of
           a
           good
           and
           never-failing
           vent
           for
           their
           Goods
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           which
           may
           encourage
           them
           to
           do
           better
           and
           better
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           all
           Gardens
           will
           insensibly
           come
           to
           be
           established
           upon
           a
           perfect
           Model
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           main
           thing
           aimed
           at
           for
           the
           pleasure
           and
           satisfaction
           of
           all
           our
           Curious
           Gentlemen
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           till
           Nurseries
           can
           be
           brought
           into
           that
           state
           of
           Perfection
           I
           have
           proposed
           ,
           so
           that
           we
           may
           one
           day
           enjoy
           the
           convenience
           ,
           to
           find
           in
           them
           a
           sufficient
           store
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           good
           Trees
           ,
           we
           may
           have
           occasion
           for
           ,
           now
           Gentlemen
           are
           informed
           by
           the
           choice
           I
           have
           expressed
           in
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           
             Prime
             Fruits
          
           of
           every
           Season
           ,
           if
           they
           happen
           ,
           among
           a
           great
           number
           of
           other
           Fruits
           which
           are
           rejected
           ,
           to
           find
           but
           a
           part
           of
           those
           that
           are
           Prized
           ,
           they
           will
           do
           well
           to
           take
           rather
           more
           of
           them
           than
           they
           first
           intended
           ,
           than
           to
           venture
           to
           meddle
           with
           any
           of
           the
           worser
           kinds
           .
           And
           in
           doing
           this
           ,
           their
           best
           way
           will
           be
           ,
           to
           observe
           these
           two
           resolutions
           ,
           First
           ,
           either
           to
           plant
           no
           Trees
           but
           of
           those
           few
           
             Good
             sorts
          
           which
           they
           have
           found
           ,
           and
           to
           fill
           up
           all
           the
           places
           they
           have
           to
           fill
           ,
           wholly
           with
           them
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           stay
           till
           another
           year
           ,
           to
           gain
           time
           to
           look
           for
           those
           sorts
           they
           could
           not
           find
           the
           last
           ,
           rather
           than
           to
           hazard
           the
           planting
           of
           any
           unknown
           or
           doubtful
           kinds
           .
        
         
           And
           perhaps
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           very
           expedient
           they
           should
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           so
           much
           wise
           forecast
           of
           themselves
           ,
           to
           prepare
           at
           least
           ,
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           some
           Stocks
           to
           graft
           those
           kinds
           upon
           the
           next
           ,
           which
           they
           could
           not
           find
           the
           last
           year
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           have
           advised
           them
           to
           plant
           ;
           which
           they
           may
           do
           either
           upon
           some
           of
           those
           supernumerary
           Trees
           they
           have
           already
           taken
           ,
           or
           upon
           good
           Wildings
           ,
           which
           they
           may
           plant
           ready
           in
           their
           assigned
           places
           ,
           for
           that
           effect
           .
        
         
         
           For
           ,
           to
           conclude
           ,
           in
           the
           matter
           of
           Plantations
           ,
           assoon
           as
           ever
           we
           have
           resolved
           to
           have
           a
           
             Fruit
             Garden
          
           ,
           we
           must
           not
           forget
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           assist
           us
           to
           follow
           exactly
           
           Cato's
           precept
           ,
           which
           advises
           us
           to
           gain
           time
           ,
           and
           to
           advance
           our
           Projects
           of
           Curiosities
           in
           this
           Nature
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Expedition
           imaginable
           .
           For
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             Aedificare
             ,
             diu
             Cogitare
             oportet
             ;
             Conterere
             ,
             facere
             ,
             non
             Cogitare
             ,
          
           id
           est
           ,
        
         
           
             He
             that
             Builds
             ,
             should
             consider
             long
             beforehand
             of
             his
             work
             ;
             but
             he
             that
             Plants
             ,
             must
             act
             ,
             and
             not
             think
             :
          
           or
           
             He
             must
             act
             at
             least
             as
             nimbly
             as
             Thoughit
             self
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           ADVERTISEMENT
           .
        
         
           I
           Cannot
           conceive
           but
           it
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           very
           acceptable
           Advertisement
           ,
           and
           of
           Universal
           Concern
           to
           all
           Noble-men
           ,
           and
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           lovers
           of
           Gardens
           ,
           and
           Improvers
           of
           Plantations
           (
           of
           all
           Diversions
           and
           Employments
           the
           most
           Natural
           ,
           Usefull
           ,
           Innocent
           and
           Agreeable
           )
           at
           what
           Distance
           soever
           (
           from
           a
           Place
           of
           so
           easy
           and
           speedy
           Correspondence
           and
           which
           is
           so
           nere
           this
           great
           City
           )
           to
           give
           this
           Notice
           .
        
         
           That
           of
           all
           I
           have
           hitherto
           seen
           ,
           either
           at
           Home
           or
           Abroad
           ;
           or
           found
           by
           Reading
           many
           Books
           publish'd
           on
           this
           Subject
           ,
           pretending
           to
           speak
           of
           Nurseries
           and
           Plantations
           for
           store
           and
           variety
           ;
           Directions
           for
           the
           Designing
           (
           or
           as
           they
           term
           it
           )
           the
           Skillful
           Making
           ,
           Plotting
           ,
           Laying-out
           ,
           and
           disposing
           of
           a
           Ground
           to
           the
           best
           Advantage
           :
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           for
           whatsoever
           were
           desireable
           for
           the
           Furniture
           of
           such
           a
           Ground
           ,
           with
           the
           most
           excellent
           ,
           and
           Warantable
           Fruit
           (
           I
           say
           Warantable
           ;
           because
           it
           is
           peculiarly
           due
           to
           their
           honnest
           Industry
           ,
           and
           so
           rarely
           to
           be
           met
           with
           elsewhere
           )
           and
           other
           Accessories
           to
           Gardens
           of
           all
           Denominations
           ,
           as
           in
           that
           Vast
           ,
           and
           ample
           Collection
           which
           I
           have
           lately
           seen
           ,
           and
           well
           consider'd
           at
           
             Brompton
             Park
          
           near
           Kensington
           :
           The
           very
           sight
           of
           which
           alone
           ,
           gives
           an
           Idea
           of
           something
           that
           is
           greater
           than
           I
           can
           well
           express
           ,
           without
           an
           endumeration
           of
           Particulars
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           exceeding
           Industry
           ,
           Method
           and
           Address
           of
           those
           who
           have
           undertaken
           ,
           and
           Cultivated
           it
           for
           publick
           Use
           :
           I
           mean
           Mr.
           
             George
             London
          
           (
           chief
           Gardner
           to
           their
           Majesties
           )
           and
           his
           Associate
           Mr.
           
             Henry
             Wise
          
           :
           For
           I
           have
           long
           observ'd
           (
           from
           the
           daily
           practice
           ,
           and
           effects
           of
           the
           laudable
           Industry
           of
           these
           two
           Partners
           )
           that
           they
           have
           not
           made
           Gain
           the
           only
           mark
           of
           their
           Pains
           ;
           But
           with
           Extraordinary
           ,
           and
           rare
           Industry
           ,
           endeavour'd
           to
           improve
           themselves
           in
           the
           Mysteries
           of
           their
           Profession
           ,
           from
           the
           great
           Advantages
           ,
           and
           now
           long
           Experience
           they
           have
           had
           ,
           in
           being
           Employ'd
           in
           most
           of
           the
           celebrated
           Gardens
           and
           Plantations
           which
           this
           Nation
           abounds
           in
           ;
           besides
           what
           they
           have
           learn'd
           Abroad
           ,
           and
           where
           Horticulture
           is
           in
           highest
           Reputation
           .
        
         
           I
           find
           they
           not
           only
           understand
           the
           Nature
           and
           Genius
           of
           the
           several
           Soils
           ;
           but
           their
           usual
           Infirmities
           ,
           proper
           Remedies
           ,
           Composts
           and
           Applications
           to
           Reinvigorate
           exhausted
           Mould
           ;
           sweeten
           the
           foul
           and
           tainted
           ,
           and
           reduce
           the
           Sower
           ,
           Harsh
           ,
           Stuborn
           and
           Dry
           ,
           or
           over
           moist
           and
           diluted
           Earth
           to
           its
           genuine
           Temper
           and
           Constitution
           ;
           and
           what
           Aspects
           ,
           and
           Situations
           are
           proper
           for
           the
           several
           sorts
           of
           Mural
           ,
           Standard
           ,
           Dwarf
           and
           other
           Fruite-trees
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           made
           Observations
           ,
           and
           given
           me
           a
           Specimen
           of
           that
           long
           (
           but
           hitherto
           )
           wanting
           particular
           ,
           of
           Discriminating
           the
           several
           kinds
           of
           Fruits
           ,
           by
           their
           Characteristical
           Notes
           ,
           from
           a
           long
           ,
           and
           Critical
           observation
           of
           the
           
             Leafe
             ,
             Tast
             ,
             Colour
          
           ,
           and
           other
           distinguishing
           Qualities
           :
           So
           as
           one
           shall
           not
           be
           impos'd
           upon
           with
           Fruits
           of
           
             Several
             Names
          
           ;
           when
           as
           in
           truth
           ,
           there
           is
           but
           one
           due
           to
           them
           .
           For
           instance
           ,
           in
           Peares
           alone
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           in
           the
           Country
           sends
           to
           the
           Nuseries
           for
           the
           
             Liver
             Blanch
             ,
             Piguigny
             ,
             de
             chouille
             ,
             Rattau
             blane
             ,
          
           &c.
           the
           English
           St.
           
             Gilbert
             ,
             Cranbourn
             Pears
          
           (
           and
           several
           other
           names
           )
           when
           all
           this
           while
           ,
           they
           are
           no
           other
           than
           the
           well
           known
           Cadillac
           .
           The
           same
           also
           hap'ning
           in
           
             Peaches
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Plums
             ,
             Cherris
          
           and
           other
           Fruit
           ;
           for
           want
           of
           an
           accurate
           examination
           
           (
           by
           comparing
           of
           their
           Taste
           ,
           and
           those
           other
           Indications
           I
           have
           mentioned
           )
           For
           which
           Gentlemen
           complain
           (
           and
           not
           without
           cause
           )
           that
           the
           Nursery-Men
           abuse
           them
           ;
           when
           't
           is
           their
           Ignorance
           ,
           or
           the
           Exotic
           Name
           of
           which
           they
           are
           so
           fond
           .
        
         
           I
           find
           they
           have
           likewise
           apply'd
           themselves
           to
           attain
           a
           sufficient
           Mastery
           in
           Lines
           and
           Figures
           for
           general
           design
           ,
           and
           expeditious
           Methods
           for
           casting
           and
           leveling
           of
           Grounds
           ;
           and
           to
           bring
           them
           into
           the
           most
           apt
           Form
           they
           are
           capable
           off
           ;
           which
           requires
           a
           particular
           Address
           ,
           and
           to
           determine
           the
           best
           Proportions
           of
           Walks
           and
           Avenues
           ,
           Starrs
           ,
           Centers
           ,
           &c.
           suitable
           to
           the
           lengths
           ;
           and
           how
           ,
           and
           with
           what
           materials
           whether
           
             Gravel
             ,
             Carpet
          
           ,
           &c.
           to
           be
           layed
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           a
           numerous
           Collection
           of
           the
           best
           Designs
           ,
           and
           I
           perceive
           are
           able
           of
           themselves
           to
           Draw
           ,
           and
           contrive
           other
           ,
           applicable
           to
           the
           places
           when
           busie
           Works
           ,
           and
           Parterrs
           of
           Imbroidery
           for
           the
           Coronary
           and
           
             Flower
             Gardens
          
           are
           proper
           or
           desired
           .
           And
           where
           
             Fountaines
             ,
             Statues
             ,
             Vasas
             ,
             Dials
             ,
          
           and
           other
           decorations
           of
           Magnificence
           are
           to
           be
           plac'd
           with
           most
           advantage
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           add
           ,
           a
           plentiful
           ,
           and
           choice
           Collection
           of
           
             Orange-trees
             ,
             Lemon
             ,
             Mertil
             ,
             Baies
             ,
             Jassmines
             ,
          
           and
           all
           other
           Rarities
           ,
           and
           Exotics
           ,
           requiring
           the
           Conservatory
           ;
           after
           they
           have
           embellish't
           their
           proper
           stations
           abroad
           during
           the
           Summer
           ,
           and
           for
           continuing
           a
           no
           less
           ornament
           in
           the
           Green-House
           during
           Winter
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           a
           very
           brave
           and
           noble
           Assembly
           of
           the
           Flowery
           and
           other
           
             Trees
             ;
             Perennial
          
           and
           variegated
           Ever-Greens
           and
           shrubs
           ,
           hardy
           ,
           and
           fittest
           for
           our
           Climate
           ;
           and
           understand
           what
           best
           to
           plant
           the
           humble
           
             Boscage
             ,
             Wilderness
          
           ,
           or
           taller
           Groves
           with
           :
           where
           ,
           and
           how
           to
           dispose
           ,
           and
           govern
           them
           ,
           according
           as
           Ground
           ,
           and
           situation
           of
           the
           place
           requires
           both
           for
           shelter
           and
           ornament
           .
           For
           which
           purpose
           (
           and
           for
           Walks
           and
           Avenues
           )
           they
           have
           store
           of
           
             Elms
             ,
             Limes
             ,
             Platans
             ,
             Constantinople-Chesnuts
             ,
             Black-Cherry-trees
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           Nor
           are
           they
           ,
           I
           perceive
           ,
           less
           knowing
           in
           that
           most
           useful
           (
           though
           less
           pompous
           part
           of
           Horticulture
           )
           the
           
             Potagere
             ,
             Meloniere
             ,
             Culinarie
             Gardent
          
           Where
           they
           should
           most
           properly
           be
           plac'd
           for
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Family
           ;
           how
           to
           be
           planted
           ,
           furnish'd
           and
           Cultivated
           so
           as
           to
           afford
           great
           pleasure
           to
           the
           Eye
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           profit
           to
           the
           Master
           .
           And
           they
           have
           also
           
             Seeds
             ,
             Bulbs
             ,
             Roots
             ,
             Slips
             ,
          
           for
           the
           
             Flowery
             Garden
          
           ,
           and
           shew
           how
           they
           ought
           to
           be
           order'd
           and
           maintain'd
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           I
           might
           super-add
           ,
           the
           great
           number
           of
           Grounds
           and
           Gardens
           of
           Noble-men
           and
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           made
           and
           planted
           
             ab
             Origine
          
           ,
           and
           are
           still
           under
           their
           Care
           and
           inspection
           (
           though
           at
           Considerable
           Distances
           )
           and
           how
           exceedingly
           they
           prosper
           ,
           to
           justifie
           what
           I
           have
           freely
           said
           in
           their
           behalf
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Nursery
           part
           in
           Voucher
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           good
           what
           I
           have
           said
           on
           that
           particular
           ,
           one
           needs
           no
           more
           than
           take
           a
           Walk
           to
           
             Brompton
             Park
          
           (
           upon
           a
           fair
           Morning
           )
           to
           behold
           ,
           and
           admire
           what
           a
           Magazine
           these
           Industrious
           Men
           have
           provided
           ,
           fit
           for
           age
           ,
           and
           Choice
           in
           their
           several
           Classes
           ;
           and
           all
           within
           one
           Inclosure
           :
           Such
           an
           Assembly
           I
           believe
           ,
           as
           is
           no
           where
           else
           to
           be
           met
           with
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           nor
           in
           any
           other
           that
           I
           know
           of
           .
        
         
           I
           cannot
           therefore
           forbear
           to
           Publish
           (
           after
           all
           the
           Encomiums
           of
           this
           great
           Work
           of
           
             Mouns●
             de
             la
             Quintinye
          
           ,
           which
           I
           confess
           are
           very
           just
           )
           what
           we
           can
           ,
           and
           are
           able
           to
           perform
           in
           this
           part
           of
           Agriculture
           ;
           and
           have
           some
           Amaenities
           and
           advantages
           peculiar
           to
           our
           own
           ,
           which
           neither
           France
           ,
           nor
           any
           other
           Couutry
           can
           attain
           to
           ;
           and
           is
           much
           due
           to
           the
           
           Industry
           of
           Mr.
           London
           and
           Mr.
           Wise
           ,
           and
           to
           such
           as
           shall
           Imitate
           their
           Laudable
           Undertankings
           .
        
         
           Be
           this
           then
           for
           their
           Encouragement
           ,
           and
           to
           gratifie
           such
           as
           may
           need
           or
           require
           their
           Assistance
           .
        
         
           
             J.
             EVELYN
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
             CAbala
             ,
             sive
             Scrinia
             Sacra
          
           :
           Mysteries
           of
           State
           and
           Government
           ,
           in
           Letters
           of
           Illustrious
           Persons
           ,
           and
           Great
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           as
           well
           Foreign
           as
           Domestick
           ,
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           King
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           King
           James
           ,
           and
           King
           Charles
           .
           Wherein
           such
           Secrets
           of
           Empire
           ,
           and
           Publick
           Affairs
           ,
           as
           were
           then
           in
           Agitation
           ,
           are
           clearly
           Represented
           ;
           and
           many
           remarkable
           Passages
           faithfully
           Collected
           .
           To
           which
           is
           added
           in
           this
           Third
           Edition
           ,
           A
           Second
           Part
           ,
           consisting
           of
           a
           Choice
           Collection
           of
           Original
           Letters
           and
           Negotiations
           ,
           never
           before
           published
           .
           With
           two
           Exact
           Tables
           to
           each
           Part
           ;
           the
           one
           of
           the
           Letters
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           of
           the
           most
           Remarkable
           Occurrences
           .
        
         
           Essays
           of
           
             Michael
             Seigneur
             de
             Montaigne
          
           .
           In
           Three
           Books
           .
           With
           Marginal
           Notes
           and
           Quotations
           of
           the
           cited
           Authors
           .
           And
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           
           Authour's
           LIFE
           .
           To
           which
           is
           added
           a
           short
           Character
           of
           the
           Authour
           and
           Translator
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Letters
           ;
           Writen
           by
           a
           Person
           of
           Honour
           .
           New
           rendred
           into
           English
           by
           
             Charles
             Cotton
          
           ,
           Esquire
           .
           Both
           sold
           by
           
             Matthew
             Gillyflower
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Spread
             Eagle
          
           in
           Westminster-Hall
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           POMONA
           IN
           AGRO
           VERSALIENSI
           QUINTINIO
           REGIORUM
           HORTORUM
           CULTURAE
           PRAEFECTO
           .
        
         
           
             VErsalii
             Colles
             ,
             atque
             alta
             Palatia
             ruris
             ,
          
           
             Et
             vitrei
             Fontes
             ,
             Rivique
             ,
             &
             amoena
             Fluenta
             ,
          
           
             Quotquot
             &
             hîc
             habitant
             ,
             inter
             tot
             divitis
             Aulae
          
           
             Regificos
             luxus
             ,
             vix
             rustica
             Numina
             ,
             Nymphae
             ,
          
           
             Vos
             etiam
             non
             jam
             indociles
             cultoribus
             Horti
             ,
          
           
             Regales
             Horti
             :
             decus
             unde
             ,
             &
             gloria
             vestris
          
           
             Arboribus
             venit
             ,
             &
             cultis
             nova
             gratia
             campis
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Quintinio
             date
             serta
             Deae
             ,
             ramoque
             virenti
          
           
             Vos
             Nimphae
             hortorum
             doctam
             praecingite
             frontem
             ,
          
           
             Telluris
             contrà
             ingenium
             ,
             Solesque
             malignos
             ,
          
           
             His
             florere
             dedit
             dudum
             infaelicibus
             hortis
             ;
          
           
             Fas
             olli
             fuerit
             ,
             quos
             sevit
             ,
             carpere
             ramos
             ,
          
           
             Dum
             sub
             Sole
             alio
             Lodoicus
             ab
             hoste
             reportat
          
           
             Longè
             alias
             lauros
             inimico
             sanguine
             tinctas
             .
          
        
         
           
             Versaliis
             sincera
             habitant
             ubi
             Gaudia
             campis
             ,
          
           
             Pomona
             sterilis
             dudum
             ,
             &
             sine
             honore
             gemebat
             ,
          
           
             Imprimis
             dum
             cuncta
             virent
             ,
             dum
             cuncta
             resurgunt
             ,
          
           
             Et
             prisci
             redeunt
             aevi
             melioris
             honores
             ,
          
           
             Principe
             sub
             tanto
             :
             vitio
             telluris
             iniquae
          
           
             Squallebat
             radicis
             egens
             sine
             fructibus
             arbor
             ;
          
           
             Hîc
             regnare
             omnes
             haud
             aequâ
             mente
             ferebat
             ,
          
           
             Exilio
             è
             longo
             quas
             Rex
             revocaverat
             Artes
             ;
          
           
             Quòd
             magis
             urebat
             pectus
             :
             fas
             cuique
             Dearum
          
           
             Nativas
             depromere
             opes
             ,
             ostendere
             honores
             ,
          
           
             Principis
             ambibant
             sibi
             consiliare
             favorem
             .
          
           
             Sola
             gemens
             socias
             inter
             despecta
             sorores
          
           
             Deserere
             has
             sedes
             ,
             nec
             non
             regalia
             tecta
          
           
             Constituit
             :
             tanto
             pudor
             est
             se
             ostendere
             Regi
          
           
             Vilem
             adeò
             ,
             nudamque
             opibus
             ,
             proprioque
             carentem
          
           
             Ornatu
             foliorum
             &
             pulchro
             frontis
             honore
             .
          
           
             Nam
             nulli
             ad
             pectus
             ,
             nullique
             in
             vertice
             flores
             ;
          
           
             Illa
             suis
             sine
             muneribus
             ,
             sine
             divitis
             anni
          
           
           
             Exuviis
             calathos
             aegrè
             monstrabat
             inanes
             :
          
           
             Autumno
             indignante
             ,
             &
             flentibus
             undique
             Nymphis
             .
          
           
             Anxia
             ,
             tristis
             ,
             inops
             ,
             foelices
             tranfuga
             terras
          
           
             Quaerebat
             ;
             propriis
             jamt●m
             deserta
             colonis
             :
          
           
             Desperat
             se
             posse
             per
             ulta
             negotia
             fessum
          
           
             Principis
             oblectare
             animum
             ,
             licet
             omnia
             tentet
             :
          
           
             Tellurem
             &
             votis
             ,
             Divosque
             imploret
             agrestes
             ,
          
           
             Nec
             quicqudm
             :
             stat
             campus
             iners
             ,
             dextramque
             rebellis
          
           
             Respuit
             agricolae
             ,
             suus
             arvis
             incubat
             horror
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ergò
             qui
             potuit
             gentes
             fraenare
             superbas
             ,
          
           
             Iluminibus
             dare
             jura
             ,
             levesque
             attollere
             in
             auras
          
           
             Aerium
             per
             iter
             suspensis
             fluctibus
             amnes
             ,
          
           
             Non
             legem
             dabit
             arboribus
             ,
             nec
             dura
             remittet
          
           
             Hujus
             ad
             imperium
             sese
             Natura
             ,
             benigno
          
           
             Afflata
             intuitu
             ?
             ab
             potius
             mitescere
             discat
             ,
          
           
             Atque
             suas
             oblita
             vices
             ingrata
             rebelles
          
           
             Culturae
             patiens
             subigatque
             ,
             &
             molliat
             agros
             !
          
        
         
           
             Se●l
             quid
             ego'hicc
             autem
             ?
             manet
             intractibilis
             illa
             ,
          
           
             Et
             placet
             ipse
             sibi
             nativus
             sedibus
             horror
             .
          
           
             Haec
             telluris
             erat
             facies
             miseranda
             ,
             sine
             ullo
          
           
             Cultore
             &
             sterilis
             ,
             sine
             re
             ,
             sine
             nomine
             campus
             ,
          
           
             Hinc
             Dea
             Versalio
             jamdudum
             ingloria
             rure
          
           
             Decedens
             ,
             alias
             terras
             ,
             alia
             arva
             petebat
             ;
          
           
             Sanclovios
             pede
             praecipiti
             properabat
             in
             hortos
             ,
          
           
             Nodo
             vincta
             comam
             ,
             &
             vestes
             collecta
             fluentes
             .
          
           
             Cum
             Quintiniades
             properantem
             fistit
             ,
             &
             Arti
          
           
             Confisus
             meritos
             Pomonae
             spondet
             honores
             .
          
        
         
           
             Versalides
             plausêre
             Deae
             ,
             festusque
             per
             altos
          
           
             Rumor
             iit
             colles
             ,
             fore
             mox
             regalibus
             hortis
             ,
          
           
             Quod
             non
             agricolae
             ,
             nec
             speravêre
             coloni
             ,
          
           
             Quaesitum
             regale
             decus
             ;
             simul
             explicat
             Artem
             ,
          
           
             Divinam
             plantandi
             Artem
             :
             ceu
             numine
             plenus
          
           
             Re
             super
             hortensi
             memorabat
             multa
             ,
             latentes
          
           
             Primaevâ
             rerum
             repetens
             ab
             origine
             causas
             .
          
           
             Addebat
             dicenti
             animos
             praesentia
             Regis
             :
          
           
             Explorat
             terrae
             ingenium
             ,
             Solesque
             ,
             suosque
          
           
             Astrorum
             influxus
             :
             prudens
             discriminat
             agros
             ,
          
           
             Nam
             plantis
             tellus
             non
             convenit
             omnibus
             una
             .
          
        
         
           
             Optimus
             ille
             locus
             pomis
             ,
             haec
             optima
             sedes
          
           
             Inter
             saxa
             piris
             ,
             citros
             necat
             humida
             tellus
             :
          
           
             Hîc
             Solem
             accipiet
             ,
             coeloque
             fruetur
             aperto
             ,
          
           
             Et
             fructus
             longè
             meliores
             proferet
             arbos
             :
          
           
             Gaudebunt
             illic
             nati
             de
             semine
             flores
             ;
          
           
             Paulatim
             haec
             tellus
             succos
             dediscet
             agrestes
          
           
             Emendata
             fimo
             ,
             cultum
             si
             dura
             recuset
          
           
             Et
             sterilis
             nimium
             ,
             &
             nullâ
             superabilis
             arte
             ,
          
           
             Fundum
             omnem
             exhauri
             ,
             &
             meliorem
             suffice
             terram
             ,
          
           
             Qua
             vicinus
             ager
             de
             se
             nimis
             uber
             abundat
             ;
          
           
             Si
             quis
             amor
             ,
             teneatque
             tui
             te
             gloria
             ruris
             ,
          
           
             Non
             pigeat
             plenis
             terram
             asportare
             canistris
             :
          
           
             Aspera
             mitescet
             sensim
             natura
             locorum
             ,
          
           
             Nec
             sese
             agnoscet
             nativi
             oblita
             rigoris
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sic
             dabat
             &
             leges
             ,
             sic
             &
             praecepta
             colonis
             ,
          
           
             Plantandique
             modos
             ,
             &
             tempora
             certa
             docebat
             :
          
           
           
             Quin
             &
             adoptivos
             teneris
             includere
             ramos
          
           
             Arboribus
             monstrabat
             :
             habent
             sua
             soedera
             plantae
             :
          
           
             Cunctis
             seminibus
             vis
             indita
             ,
             &
             indita
             plantis
             ,
          
           
             Quâ
             vel
             amant
             jungi
             ,
             vel
             faedera
             jussa
             recusant
             :
          
           
             Sunt
             odia
             arboribus
             ,
             sunt
             &
             quoque
             mutui
             amores
             ,
          
           
             Haec
             sociam
             petit
             ,
             &
             plantae
             se
             jungere
             amanti
          
           
             Quaerit
             ,
             &
             appositis
             se
             coelo
             attollere
             fulcris
             .
          
           
             Quàm
             facilè
             observes
             :
             dùm
             crebra
             perambulat
             auras
             ,
          
           
             Et
             se
             inclinat
             amans
             pendentibus
             undique
             ramis
             ,
          
           
             Ipsa
             suos
             prodit
             ,
             simul
             &
             testatur
             amores
             .
          
           
             Illa
             superba
             suis
             ,
             opibus
             non
             indiget
             ullis
             ,
          
           
             Commendata
             suo
             satis
             &
             ditissima
             fructu
          
           
             Consortem
             timet
             ,
             &
             succos
             miscere
             refugit
             .
          
           
             Haec
             tamen
             advertas
             ;
             truncum
             ditabis
             inertem
          
           
             Connubio
             rami
             alterius
             ,
             nam
             sponte
             dehiscit
             ,
          
           
             Et
             vulnus
             patitur
             fructûs
             melioris
             amore
             ,
          
           
             Gaudebit
             sterili
             nova
             poma
             ostendere
             tranco
          
           
             Arbor
             ,
             &
             ipsa
             novas
             jactabit
             adultera
             frondes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Si
             mendax
             fundus
             ,
             mendaci
             credere
             fundo
             ,
          
           
             Ne
             sata
             permittas
             ,
             quae
             sub
             tellure
             profundâ
          
           
             Radices
             altas
             coeca
             in
             penetralia
             mittat
             .
          
           
             Nam
             tophus
             scaber
             ,
             aut
             urens
             argilla
             ,
             latensve
          
           
             Creta
             nocet
             saepè
             arboribus
             ,
             quae
             sicca
             negabit
          
           
             Vitales
             succos
             ,
             animaeque
             alimenta
             fovendae
             ;
          
           
             Nec
             metuenda
             minùs
             vitabis
             scrupea
             saxa
             .
          
           
             Nil
             humoris
             habent
             ,
             paulatim
             nobilis
             arbor
          
           
             Languescet
             moriens
             saxosis
             credita
             terris
             ;
          
           
             Sed
             fibris
             quae
             mordet
             humum
             levioribus
             ,
             omni
          
           
             Se
             monstrantem
             agro
             ,
             florum
             plantabis
             amaenam
             ,
          
           
             Surgere
             manè
             novo
             quam
             contemplabere
             ,
             sylvam
             .
          
           
             Haec
             pluvii
             nisi
             roris
             eget
             ,
             facilique
             labore
          
           
             Crescet
             &
             innato
             mulcebit
             odore
             colonum
             .
          
           
             Haec
             praecepta
             memor
             servaveris
             ,
             omnia
             cedent
          
           
             Agricolae
             ,
             laetis
             accedet
             copia
             campis
             ,
          
           
             Et
             sterilis
             nuper
             jam
             se
             mirabitur
             hortus
             .
          
        
         
           
             Addiderat
             majora
             ,
             sed
             haec
             praecepta
             ferentem
          
           
             Abrumpit
             Lodoicus
             ,
             &
             illum
             praeficit
             hortis
             ,
          
           
             Illum
             adeo
             insignem
             ,
             cui
             se
             natura
             videndam
          
           
             Omnino
             exhibuit
             ,
             nondum
             intellecta
             colonis
             .
          
        
         
           
             Regales
             ubi
             Quintinius
             circumspicit
             agros
             ,
          
           
             Qui
             dudum
             ingratis
             regionibus
             insidet
             Horror
             ,
          
           
             In
             Lybiae
             montes
             ,
             loca
             dura
             ,
             &
             inhospita
             saxa
             .
          
           
             Secessit
             ;
             nova
             tunc
             facies
             foelicibus
             hortis
             :
          
           
             Quin
             etiam
             sentit
             tellus
             inarata
             colonum
             ,
          
           
             Et
             regale
             solum
             hoc
             uno
             cultore
             superbit
             :
          
           
             Hinc
             dubium
             est
             ,
             an
             praeclarae
             plùs
             debeat
             Arti
             ,
          
           
             Quàm
             natura
             sibo
             :
             usque
             adeo
             labor
             utilis
             arvis
             .
          
           
             Hîc
             hyemes
             nil
             juris
             habent
             ;
             laeta
             omnia
             ,
             laeta
             :
          
           
             Vernat
             humus
             ,
             pulchris
             se
             ostentat
             fructibus
             arbor
             ,
          
           
             Seque
             ornant
             varijs
             depicti
             floribus
             agri
             ;
          
           
             Sunt
             silvae
             ingentes
             ,
             sunt
             &
             nemora
             alta
             ,
             recessusque
          
           
             Umbriferi
             ,
             insanae
             loca
             tuta
             tumultibus
             Aulae
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Versaliis
             visa
             hinc
             Pomona
             ferocior
             arvis
             ,
          
           
             Florigerum
             caput
             attollens
             ,
             calathique
             tumentes
          
           
             Ostentans
             natos
             è
             fundo
             divite
             fructus
             ,
          
           
             Regales
             inter
             par
             Nympha
             incedere
             Nymphas
             .
          
        
         
           
             Santolius
             Victorinus
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           IN
           TABELLAM
           QUA
           IMAGO
           EJUSDEM
           QUINTINII
           EXPRIMITUR
           .
        
         
           
             HAnc
             decorate
             Deae
             quotquot
             regnatis
             in
             hortis
             ,
          
           
             Floribus
             è
             vestris
             supráque
             ,
             infráque
             Tabellam
             .
          
           
             Hic
             dedit
             arboribus
             florere
             &
             edulibus
             herbis
             ,
          
           
             Et
             se
             mirata
             est
             tanto
             Pomona
             colono
             .
          
           
             
               Santolius
               Victorinus
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           VERSES
           TO
           Mr.
           Quintenay
           Written
           Originally
           in
           LATIN
           BY
           
             Santolius
             Victorinus
          
           a
           French
           Man.
           
        
         
           
             YE
             Hills
             ,
             ye
             purling
             Streams
             ,
             and
             christal
             Springs
          
           
             Ye
             stately
             Piles
             ,
             the
             Rural
             Seats
             of
             King
             ;
          
           
             Ye
             Sylvan
             Nymphs
             ,
             who
             by
             exalting
             fate
          
           
             The
             Country
             lost
             ,
             and
             here
             arise
             to
             state
             :
          
           
             Ye
             Royal
             Gardens
             taught
             at
             last
             to
             bear
             ,
          
           
             No
             more
             ungratefull
             to
             the
             Tiller's
             care
             ;
          
           
             Whence
             rise
             your
             Flowers
             ,
             your
             Trees
             ,
             what
             Art
             doth
             yield
             ?
          
           
             Whence
             spring
             the
             Beauties
             that
             adorn
             your
             field
             ?
          
        
         
           
             Wreath
             Lawrels
             ,
             wreath
             ,
             a
             lasting
             Crown
             prepare
             ,
          
           
             For
             learn'd
             Quintinius
             ,
             and
             repay
             his
             care
             :
          
           
             Tho'
             cold
             unlivening
             Suns
             ,
             and
             barren
             Earth
          
           
             Oppos'd
             his
             Art
             ,
             nor
             would
             assist
             the
             Birth
             ,
          
           
             He
             ventur'd
             on
             ,
             and
             his
             industrious
             toil
          
           
             Bestow'd
             new
             Beauties
             on
             the
             Horrid
             soil
             :
          
           
             Repos'd
             in
             Ease
             ,
             and
             stretcht
             in
             softest
             Bowers
             ,
          
           
             Let
             Him
             enjoy
             his
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             pluck
             his
             Flowers
             ;
          
           
             Whilst
             
               L
               —
               s
            
             conquers
             Lands
             unknown
             before
          
           
             And
             reaps
             fresh
             Lawrels
             on
             a
             foreign
             shore
             .
          
        
         
           
             At
             gay
             Versailles
             ,
             the
             brightest
             Court
             below
             ,
          
           
             Where
             Pleasures
             dwell
             ,
             and
             Joy
             unmixt
             with
             woe
             ;
          
           
             Pomona
             mourn'd
             ,
             nor
             would
             her
             grief
             be
             tame
             ,
          
           
             Of
             Honors
             void
             ,
             and
             conscious
             of
             her
             shame
             :
          
           
             She
             mourn'd
             to
             see
             ,
             when
             our
             Auspicious
             King
          
           
             Made
             all
             things
             flourish
             ,
             and
             restor'd
             the
             Spring
             ;
          
           
             And
             better
             days
             ,
             that
             she
             alone
             should
             find
             ,
          
           
             The
             Heaven
             adverse
             ,
             and
             prove
             the
             Earth
             unkind
             .
          
           
             In
             vain
             she
             planted
             ,
             Earth
             refused
             the
             root
             ,
          
           
             And
             wither'd
             Trunks
             deny'd
             the
             promis'd
             Fruit.
             
          
        
         
           
             She
             mourn'd
             to
             see
             all
             Arts
             but
             Hers
             restor'd
             ,
          
           
             Make
             gratefull
             presents
             to
             their
             greatest
             Lord
             ;
          
           
             She
             mourn'd
             to
             see
             with
             what
             high
             Pride
             they
             strove
             ,
          
           
             To
             show
             their
             Duty
             ,
             and
             express
             their
             love
             ;
          
           
             Whilst
             he
             their
             labours
             generously
             surveys
             ,
          
           
             With
             wealth
             supports
             them
             ,
             and
             excites
             with
             praise
             .
          
           
             This
             mighty
             Monarch
             partial
             foes
             confess
             ,
          
           
             None
             cheers
             the
             Arts
             so
             much
             ,
             or
             needs
             them
             less
             :
          
           
           
             Thy
             glorious
             Actions
             foreign
             Aids
             refuse
             ,
          
           
             Lasting
             themselves
             ,
             and
             great
             without
             a
             Muse
             .
          
        
         
           
             Contemn'd
             she
             liv'd
             despairing
             of
             Access
             ,
          
           
             In
             such
             an
             Habit
             ,
             and
             so
             vile
             a
             dress
             ,
          
           
             No
             flowers
             hung
             on
             her
             Breast
             ,
             her
             Head
             was
             bare
             ,
          
           
             And
             ruffling
             Winds
             disperst
             her
             scatter'd
             Hair
             ;
          
           
             Her
             Basket
             empty
             ,
             she
             that
             lookt
             so
             gay
             ,
          
           
             When
             deckt
             with
             all
             the
             various
             pride
             of
             May
             ;
          
           
             Had
             now
             her
             Honours
             ,
             and
             her
             Beauty
             lost
             ,
          
           
             As
             beat
             by
             Winters
             Snow
             ,
             or
             nipt
             by
             Frost
             :
          
           
             Old
             Autumn
             mourn'd
             ,
             her
             Sister
             Nymphs
             around
             ,
          
           
             Conspir'd
             in
             Tears
             ,
             and
             curst
             the
             barren
             ground
             .
          
        
         
           
             At
             last
             (
             the
             glory
             of
             our
             mighty
             King
          
           
             Recall'd
             her
             often
             ,
             and
             unfledg'd
             her
             Wing
             ,
             )
          
           
             Tir'd
             with
             Disgrace
             ,
             unable
             to
             support
          
           
             Her
             trouble
             ,
             she
             resolves
             to
             leave
             the
             Court
             ;
          
           
             To
             fly
             to
             happier
             Seats
             ,
             and
             strive
             to
             gain
          
           
             Her
             usual
             Honours
             on
             a
             better
             plain
             :
          
           
             She
             fear'd
             ,
             now
             
               L
               —
               s
            
             had
             resign'd
             his
             ease
             ,
          
           
             To
             Arms
             and
             Mars
             ,
             her
             Art
             too
             mean
             to
             please
             ,
          
           
             Tho'
             Earth
             ,
             and
             Sylvan
             Gods
             should
             aid
             to
             bring
             ,
          
           
             A
             Present
             equal
             to
             so
             great
             a
             King
             :
          
           
             But
             Earth
             denyed
             her
             Aid
             ,
             the
             stubborn
             Land
          
           
             Prov'd
             more
             rebellious
             to
             the
             Tiller's
             hand
             ;
          
           
             All
             care
             refus'd
             ,
             and
             much
             averse
             to
             Grace
             ,
          
           
             Was
             pleas'd
             with
             native
             Horror
             on
             its
             Face
             .
          
        
         
           
             That
             mighty
             Prince
             ,
             whom
             wildest
             Streams
             obey
             ,
          
           
             At
             whose
             command
             they
             take
             an
             Airy
             way
             ,
          
           
             O'er
             Mountains
             climb
             ,
             ascend
             the
             steepest
             Hill
             ,
          
           
             Forget
             their
             Nature
             ,
             but
             observe
             his
             will
             ;
          
           
             Shall
             Earth
             oppose
             ?
             Shall
             feeble
             Fruits
             and
             Trees
             ,
          
           
             Deny
             Obedience
             to
             his
             great
             Decrees
             ?
          
           
             What
             start
             of
             Nature
             !
             Let
             her
             learn
             to
             yield
             ,
          
           
             To
             know
             her
             Duty
             ,
             and
             correct
             the
             Field
             .
          
        
         
           
             But
             I
             return
             ,
             the
             stubborn
             Fields
             remain
             ,
          
           
             Intractable
             ,
             and
             all
             her
             care
             is
             vain
             :
          
           
             Rude
             ,
             unmanur'd
             ,
             the
             Dales
             and
             Mountains
             lay
             ,
          
           
             An
             undigested
             heap
             of
             barren
             Clay
             ;
          
           
             A
             Desart
             frightfull
             to
             the
             sight
             ,
             the
             worst
          
           
             That
             Nature
             knew
             ,
             e'er
             since
             the
             Ground
             was
             curst
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             leave
             these
             Seats
             ,
             she
             imp'd
             her
             wings
             a
             new
             ,
          
           
             She
             all
             the
             Winds
             to
             her
             assistance
             drew
             ;
          
           
             She
             just
             took
             rise
             for
             flight
             ,
             and
             markt
             her
             way
             ,
          
           
             For
             the
             delicious
             plains
             of
             Signelay
             .
          
           
             Quintinius
             stopt
             her
             ,
             beg'd
             a
             short
             return
             ,
          
           
             And
             said
             ;
             No
             more
             shall
             there
             be
             cause
             to
             mourn
             ;
          
           
             You
             shall
             enjoy
             ,
             so
             well
             his
             Art
             he
             knew
             ,
          
           
             The
             choicest
             Honours
             to
             Pomona
             due
             .
          
        
         
           
             She
             turn'd
             ,
             the
             Nymphs
             a
             general
             shout
             began
             ,
          
           
             And
             o'er
             Versails
             the
             pleasing
             Rumor
             ran
             ;
          
           
             That
             now
             the
             time
             was
             come
             when
             Fields
             should
             bear
             ,
          
           
             No
             more
             ungreatfull
             to
             the
             Tiller's
             care
             ;
          
           
             When
             gay
             Pomona
             should
             her
             state
             regain
             ,
          
           
             And
             live
             the
             glory
             of
             the
             Royal
             train
             :
          
           
           
             Yet
             still
             she
             doubted
             ,
             many
             vows
             before
          
           
             Deceiv'd
             her
             Hopes
             ,
             and
             she
             would
             trust
             no
             more
             ;
          
           
             Till
             learn'd
             Quintinius
             did
             his
             rules
             impart
             ,
          
           
             And
             prov'd
             the
             sure
             Foundations
             of
             his
             Art
             !
          
           
             He
             show'd
             how
             others
             spent
             their
             fruitless
             toil
             ,
          
           
             Not
             marking
             well
             the
             Genius
             of
             the
             soil
             ;
          
           
             He
             taught
             ,
             as
             fill'd
             by
             some
             Diviner
             fire
             ,
          
           
             What
             site
             ,
             what
             Suns
             ,
             the
             different
             Fruits
             require
             .
          
           
             What
             proper
             Gounds
             peculiar
             Trees
             preferr
             ,
          
           
             The
             King
             stood
             by
             ,
             and
             caus'd
             him
             not
             to
             Err
             :
          
           
             For
             Kings
             are
             Gods
             ,
             and
             they
             divinely
             taught
             ,
          
           
             Their
             subjects
             influence
             ,
             and
             secure
             their
             thought
             .
          
        
         
           
             All
             Soils
             affect
             not
             every
             sort
             of
             stock
             ,
          
           
             The
             Apple
             chooseth
             Earth
             ,
             the
             Pear
             the
             Rock
             ;
          
           
             The
             Peach
             flies
             Marshes
             ,
             some
             delight
             to
             share
          
           
             The
             hottest
             Sun
             ,
             and
             choose
             an
             open
             Air
             :
          
           
             Some
             love
             the
             shade
             ,
             here
             Trees
             and
             Shrubs
             will
             spread
             ,
          
           
             Their
             Flowers
             from
             Seed
             adorn
             a
             noble
             Bed.
          
           
             Some
             Soils
             will
             mend
             ,
             and
             care
             and
             pains
             produce
          
           
             What
             Nature
             wants
             ,
             and
             give
             a
             better
             juice
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             untractable
             ,
             remove
             the
             old
             ,
          
           
             And
             fill
             thy
             Baskets
             with
             a
             fresher
             Mould
             ;
          
           
             Let
             richer
             Grounds
             the
             poorer
             Fields
             maintain
             ,
          
           
             And
             lend
             their
             Plenty
             to
             a
             barren
             plain
             .
          
        
         
           
             These
             Laws
             Quintinius
             gave
             ,
             and
             every
             part
          
           
             Appear'd
             the
             product
             of
             the
             greatest
             Art
             :
          
           
             He
             show'd
             the
             Seasons
             ,
             and
             Pomona
             saw
          
           
             The
             rules
             exact
             as
             she
             her self
             could
             draw
             ;
          
           
             But
             more
             he
             taught
             ,
             how
             Trees
             and
             Fruits
             improve
          
           
             By
             mutual
             Bonds
             ,
             and
             know
             th'
             effects
             of
             Love
             ;
          
           
             He
             taught
             how
             barren
             stocks
             unus'd
             to
             bear
             ,
          
           
             Themselves
             will
             thrive
             in
             an
             adopted
             Heir
             .
          
           
             For
             Trees
             have
             seeds
             of
             Passions
             ,
             Love
             and
             Hate
          
           
             Rule
             them
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             difference
             in
             their
             state
             .
          
        
         
           
             One
             seeks
             a
             Prop
             ,
             her
             amorous
             Branches
             rove
          
           
             In
             wanton
             Mazes
             ,
             and
             confess
             their
             Love
             ;
          
           
             Rais'd
             by
             her
             Mate
             she
             thrives
             ,
             but
             dies
             disjoyn'd
             ,
          
           
             The
             weaker
             Vessel
             of
             the
             woody
             kind
             .
          
           
             Another
             single
             stands
             ,
             the
             losty
             Maid
          
           
             In
             her
             own
             fortune
             rich
             ,
             expects
             no
             aid
             :
          
           
             Content
             with
             her
             own
             Fruit
             she
             keeps
             her
             state
             ,
          
           
             And
             flies
             the
             juices
             of
             a
             meaner
             Mate
             .
          
        
         
           
             Yet
             this
             observ'd
             you
             may
             improve
             the
             kind
             ,
          
           
             And
             to
             poor
             stoks
             ,
             the
             richest
             Cion
             bind
             ;
          
           
             As
             't
             is
             in
             Men
             ,
             just
             so
             in
             Trees
             't
             is
             found
             ,
          
           
             Propose
             but
             Fortune
             ,
             they
             receive
             the
             Wound
             .
          
           
             The
             stock
             cleaves
             freely
             ,
             and
             the
             Adulterous
             Root
             ,
          
           
             Forgets
             her
             Shame
             ,
             and
             glories
             in
             her
             Fruit.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             shallow
             Ground
             forbear
             to
             trust
             the
             Fruit
             ,
          
           
             That
             Earth
             require
             ,
             and
             downward
             thrust
             the
             Root
             :
          
           
             For
             rugged
             Pumice
             ,
             or
             a
             scorching
             Clay
             ,
          
           
             Will
             stop
             their
             Passage
             ,
             and
             obstruct
             the
             way
             ;
          
           
             A
             stiffned
             Marl
             resist
             ,
             or
             Chalk
             deny
          
           
             The
             vital
             moisture
             ,
             and
             the
             Plant
             will
             die
             :
          
           
           
             A
             rocky
             ground
             avoid
             with
             equal
             care
             ,
          
           
             That
             moisture
             wants
             ,
             and
             is
             averse
             to
             bear
             .
          
           
             The
             wither'd
             Trunks
             will
             stretch
             its
             Arms
             in
             vain
             ,
          
           
             To
             dropping
             Clouds
             ,
             and
             beg
             supplies
             from
             Rain
             .
          
           
             But
             Shrubs
             ,
             and
             common
             Flowers
             that
             quickly
             shoot
             ,
          
           
             Ask
             little
             Earth
             ,
             nor
             fix
             a
             deeper
             root
             ;
          
           
             On
             any
             Bed
             you
             may
             securely
             plant
             ,
          
           
             For
             Nature's
             kind
             ,
             and
             will
             suppy
             their
             want
             .
          
           
             On
             little
             Earth
             they
             are
             content
             to
             live
             ,
          
           
             And
             crave
             no
             moisture
             ,
             but
             what
             Clouds
             can
             give
             .
          
           
             With
             various
             Beauties
             they
             adorn
             the
             Soil
             ,
          
           
             Whilst
             odorous
             Sweets
             refresh
             the
             Tiller's
             toil
             .
          
        
         
           
             Observe
             these
             Rules
             ,
             the
             stubborn'st
             ground
             will
             yield
             ,
          
           
             And
             Flowers
             and
             Trees
             will
             crown
             the
             poorest
             field
             ;
          
           
             Rich
             Orchards
             arise
             ,
             and
             fruitfull
             Branches
             shoot
             ,
          
           
             And
             Fields
             ,
             once
             barren
             ,
             wonder
             at
             their
             Fruit.
             
          
        
         
           
             Thus
             learn'd
             Quintinius
             spoke
             ,
             and
             more
             design'd
             ,
          
           
             Disclosing
             the
             large
             treasures
             of
             his
             mind
             ;
          
           
             But
             
               L
               —
               s
            
             with
             officious
             cares
             opprest
             ,
          
           
             Revolving
             Fates
             of
             Empires
             in
             his
             Breast
             ,
          
           
             Thus
             said
             ,
             Enough
             ,
             whilst
             I
             for
             Arms
             prepare
             ,
          
           
             And
             Victory
             ,
             the
             Royal
             Gardens
             be
             thy
             care
             .
          
        
         
           
             He
             said
             ,
             Enlarg'd
             Quintinius
             bow'd
             ,
             and
             took
          
           
             A
             higher
             Genius
             from
             his
             awful
             look
             :
          
           
             Scarce
             had
             he
             cast
             enlivening
             Eyes
             a-round
             ,
          
           
             But
             hatefull
             Barrenness
             forsook
             the
             Ground
             ;
          
           
             Her
             long
             black
             Wings
             upon
             a
             Northern
             wind
             ,
          
           
             She
             stretcht
             ,
             nor
             left
             one
             blasting
             damp
             behind
             .
          
           
             To
             Lybia's
             parcht
             inhospitable
             plains
          
           
             She
             fled
             ,
             and
             there
             in
             a
             vast
             Desart
             reigns
             :
          
           
             Secure
             she
             reigns
             ,
             but
             lo
             the
             times
             shall
             come
             ,
          
           
             I
             see
             them
             roul
             through
             the
             Abyss
             of
             Doom
             ,
          
           
             When
             our
             victorous
             Arms
             shall
             reach
             the
             Moors
             ,
          
           
             And
             plant
             fresh
             Lilies
             on
             the
             barren
             shores
             .
          
           
             With
             new
             born
             grace
             the
             Fields
             began
             to
             smile
             ,
          
           
             And
             felt
             his
             vigor
             ere
             he
             turn'd
             the
             soil
             :
          
           
             O
             happist
             Artist
             !
             Thou
             alone
             couldst
             grace
          
           
             The
             Royal
             Gardens
             ,
             and
             exalt
             the
             place
             ;
          
           
             Oblige
             great
             
               L
               —
               s
            
             ,
             and
             thy
             Art
             alone
          
           
             Adorn
             those
             Seats
             where
             he
             hath
             fixt
             his
             Throne
             .
          
           
             To
             thee
             her
             business
             Nature
             gladly
             yields
             ,
          
           
             And
             sits
             at
             Ease
             ,
             whilst
             Art
             improves
             the
             Fields
             .
          
        
         
           
             Here
             Frost
             and
             Snow
             in
             vain
             cold
             Winters
             bring
             ,
          
           
             You
             break
             their
             Force
             ,
             and
             make
             perpetual
             spring
             .
          
           
             In
             every
             season
             foreign
             Fruits
             appear
          
           
             And
             various
             Flowers
             crown
             all
             the
             blooming
             year
             .
          
           
             Here
             groves
             and
             Forests
             rise
             ,
             here
             Fawns
             do
             sport
          
           
             In
             shady
             Grots
             ,
             here
             
               Sylvan
               Gods
            
             resort
          
           
             Secure
             from
             the
             mad
             tumults
             of
             the
             Court.
             
          
        
         
           
             And
             hence
             the
             gay
             Pomona
             crown'd
             with
             flowers
          
           
             And
             fill'd
             with
             Fruit
             ,
             enjoys
             Versalian
             Bowers
             ;
          
           
             With
             statelier
             pace
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             nobler
             port
             ,
          
           
             Approaches
             
               L
               —
               s
            
             ,
             and
             adorns
             his
             Court.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           An
           Explication
           of
           the
           Terms
           of
           Gard'ning
           ,
           in
           an
           Alphabetical
           Order
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             TO
             Ablaqueates
             ,
             or
             lay
             bare
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
             .
             See
             Bare
             ,
             and
             Trees
             and
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Acclivity
             is
             the
             sloping
             of
             the
             side
             of
             a
             Hill
             ,
             or
             Bank
             ,
             or
             Ridge
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Ground
             not
             level
             ,
             considered
             as
             Rising
             or
             Ascending
             ,
             which
             when
             considered
             as
             descending
             ,
             is
             called
             Declivity
             .
             See
             Declivity
             .
          
           
             Ados
             ,
             is
             a
             French
             Term
             signifying
             sometimes
             a
             sloping
             Bank
             raised
             against
             some
             well
             exposed
             Wall
             ,
             to
             sow
             hasting
             or
             early
             Pease
             or
             Beans
             in
             ,
             or
             plant
             Artichokes
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             else
             we
             would
             have
             more
             forward
             than
             ordinary
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             Ridges
             or
             Double
             Slopes
             ,
             with
             Furrows
             or
             Drains
             between
             them
             ,
             to
             lay
             the
             Plants
             dry
             ,
             in
             wet
             or
             marshy
             ,
             or
             over
             moist
             Grounds
             .
             See
             
               Banks
               ,
               Hillocke
            
             and
             Slopes
             .
          
           
             Agriots
             ,
             in
             French
             ,
             Griots
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             choice
             Cherries
             ,
             of
             the
             sharp
             sort
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             our
             right
             
               Kentish
               Cherries
            
             .
          
           
             Alberdge
             ,
             is
             a
             name
             given
             to
             Peaches
             ,
             that
             are
             but
             of
             a
             small
             ,
             or
             scarce
             midling
             Size
             .
          
           
             To
             Aline
             ,
             is
             to
             range
             ,
             level
             ,
             or
             lay
             even
             in
             ,
             and
             to
             a
             strait
             and
             direct
             Line
             .
             Said
             of
             Walls
             ,
             Rows
             of
             Trees
             ,
             and
             sides
             of
             Banks
             ,
             Allies
             ,
             or
             Beds
             ,
             which
             is
             performed
             with
             Lines
             fastned
             to
             Spikes
             fixed
             in
             the
             Ground
             or
             Wall
             ,
             as
             is
             amply
             described
             in
             its
             proper
             place
             .
             See
             to
             Range
             ,
             to
             Level
             .
          
           
             Aliners
             ,
             are
             such
             Rangers
             ,
             or
             Men
             imployed
             in
             the
             abovesaid
             work
             of
             Ranging
             ,
             or
             Levelling
             Rows
             of
             
               Trees
               ,
               Walls
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             It
             were
             well
             our
             English
             Gard'ners
             would
             naturalize
             those
             two
             Words
             ,
             not
             being
             otherwise
             able
             to
             express
             their
             signification
             without
             a
             Circumlocution
             ,
             and
             having
             with
             less
             necessity
             naturalized
             many
             other
             forreign
             terms
             ,
             without
             so
             much
             as
             altering
             their
             Termination
             ,
             which
             in
             these
             I
             have
             made
             perfectly
             English
             .
          
           
             Allies
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             we
             call
             Walks
             in
             any
             Garden
             .
             See
             Walks
             ,
             and
             their
             Use
             and
             Proportion
             ,
             see
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Book
             .
          
           
             Allies
             ,
             are
             said
             to
             be
             
               Bien
               Tirrées
               ,
               Bien
               Repassées
            
             ,
             or
             
               Bien
               Retirrées
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               well
               plain'd
            
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             laid
             smooth
             and
             firm
             and
             tight
             again
             ,
             with
             the
             beater
             or
             rouling
             Stone
             after
             they
             have
             been
             scraped
             or
             turned
             up
             with
             an
             Instrument
             to
             destroy
             the
             Weeds
             .
          
           
             
               Diagonal
               Allies
            
             .
             See
             Diagonal
             .
          
           
             
               Parallel
               Allies
            
             .
             See
             Parallel
             .
          
           
             To
             Amend
             ,
             is
             to
             Meliorate
             ,
             recruit
             ,
             or
             improve
             any
             Ground
             that
             is
             either
             exhausted
             by
             continual
             bearing
             ,
             or
             that
             is
             naturally
             Barren
             ,
             with
             
               Dung
               ,
               Marl
               ,
               Compost
               ,
               Fresh
               Mold
               ,
            
             or
             any
             other
             usual
             way
             of
             improvement
             .
          
           
             Amendment
             ,
             is
             
               Mucking
               ,
               Dunging
            
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             way
             recruiting
             or
             improving
             of
             Ground
             as
             abovesaid
             .
          
           
             Amputation
             ,
             is
             the
             sloping
             or
             cutting
             off
             ,
             of
             any
             considerable
             Branch
             or
             Limbs
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
           
             
               Annual
               Plants
            
             or
             Flowers
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             continue
             but
             a
             Year
             .
          
           
             
               Ants
               ,
               Pismires
            
             ,
             or
             Emets
             ,
             are
             known
             Insects
             .
          
           
             Approlch
             ,
             to
             Graff
             by
             Approach
             .
             See
             Graffing
             and
             Inoculation
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             part
             of
             this
             Work.
             
          
           
             To
             Apple
             or
             Pome
             .
             See
             to
             Pome
             .
          
           
             Argots
             or
             Spurs
             ,
             are
             the
             pointed
             ends
             and
             extremities
             of
             dead
             Branches
             in
             any
             Trees
             ,
             which
             no
             neat
             Gard'ner
             will
             neglect
             to
             cut
             off
             .
             But
             it
             is
             particularly
             necessary
             to
             do
             it
             in
             Nurseries
             for
             Trees
             grafsed
             Scutcheon-wise
             .
             See
             Spurs
             .
          
           
             Arms
             are
             the
             main
             Branches
             or
             Limbs
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
           
             Aromatick
             Plants
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             are
             Spicy
             ,
             and
             hot
             in
             Scent
             and
             Tast
             ,
             whether
             sweet
             or
             no.
             
          
           
             Artichoke-Eyes
             or
             Eyelets
             ,
             are
             the
             off-sets
             growing
             about
             the
             main
             Stool
             or
             Heart
             of
             
               Artichoke
               Roots
            
             ,
             from
             which
             Spring
             the
             Suckers
             or
             Slips
             by
             which
             they
             are
             propagated
             .
          
           
             
               Artichokes
               Suckers
            
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             
               viz.
               Headed
               Suckers
            
             ,
             that
             bear
             small
             Heads
             ,
             and
             shoot
             out
             of
             their
             stems
             round
             about
             their
             main
             Heads
             ,
             but
             grow
             not
             so
             big
             ,
             or
             Suckers
             which
             as
             is
             abovesaid
             ,
             spring
             from
             the
             Off-setts
             of
             their
             
               Main
               Roots
            
             ,
             called
             by
             the
             
               French
               ,
               Orilletons
            
             ,
             or
             Eyelets
             ,
             which
             are
             therefore
             their
             Slips
             or
             Slip-suckers
             .
          
           
             App
             See
             Exposure
             and
             Exposition
             .
          
           
             Avenves
             ,
             are
             certain
             Allies
             or
             Walks
             in
             Gardens
             larger
             than
             ordinary
             ,
             but
             more
             properly
             leading
             to
             the
             front
             of
             the
             Houses
             ,
             which
             are
             commonly
             accompanied
             with
             two
             Bye-Walks
             ,
             commmonly
             call'd
             Counter-Walks
             ,
             which
             are
             both
             Bordered
             with
             great
             Trees
             ,
             either
             
               Elms
               ,
               Linden
               Trees
            
             ,
             or
             Oaks
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             Standard
             Fruit-Trees
             .
          
           
             
             Aviary
             ,
             is
             a
             convenient
             place
             in
             a
             Garden
             ,
             or
             House
             where
             Birds
             are
             kept
             ,
             to
             Sing
             ,
             Breed
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Augusted
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             used
             to
             signifie
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             Sun
             burnt
             ,
             and
             has
             endured
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Summer
             ,
             and
             is
             turned
             ripe
             and
             yellow
             like
             Corn
             in
             August
             ,
             and
             hard
             and
             firm
             withall
             .
             It
             is
             spoken
             of
             several
             things
             ,
             as
             of
             Branches
             of
             Trees
             that
             are
             of
             a
             full
             Summers
             growth
             ,
             of
             
               Melons
               ,
               Pumpions
            
             ,
             &c.
             when
             they
             are
             grown
             yellow
             ,
             and
             hard
             ,
             and
             will
             endure
             the
             Nail
             .
          
           
             To
             
               Arrest
               Melons
            
             or
             Cucumbers
             ,
             is
             to
             break
             off
             the
             top
             of
             their
             Vines
             ,
             to
             check
             and
             stop
             their
             Growth
             .
             See
             Melons
             .
          
           
             Azerolls
             ,
             are
             Garden-Haws
             ,
             being
             twice
             as
             big
             as
             the
             Wild
             ones
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             Pulpy
             and
             Pleasant
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             fruitful
             ;
             and
             consequently
             ,
             Azeroll-Trees
             ,
             ●r
             Garden-Haw-Trees
             ,
             which
             are
             usually
             planted
             against
             Walls
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             BAcward
             Fruits
             or
             Legumes
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             ripen
             late
             in
             the
             year
             .
             See
             Latter
             .
          
           
             Bands
             of
             
               Long
               Rie
               Straw
            
             ,
             steeped
             in
             water
             to
             make
             it
             lithe
             and
             pliant
             ,
             and
             then
             twisted
             ,
             are
             made
             use
             of
             to
             tie
             up
             
               Lang
               Lettuce
            
             ,
             or
             other
             plants
             to
             cabbage
             ,
             or
             whiten
             .
             Such
             Straw
             in
             French
             is
             called
             Pleion
             .
             See
             Straw
             .
          
           
             Plat-Bands
             .
             See
             Borders
             ;
             See
             likewise
             under
             P.
             
          
           
             
               Sloped
               Banks
            
             ,
             raised
             against
             Walls
             well
             exposed
             ,
             for
             the
             sowing
             or
             planting
             of
             Hasting
             or
             Early
             Peas
             ,
             
               Beans
               ,
               Artichokes
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             See
             Ados
             and
             Slopes
             .
          
           
             To
             Bank
             ,
             is
             to
             tight
             up
             the
             sides
             of
             a
             Bed
             or
             Border
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             firm
             with
             the
             back
             of
             a
             Spade
             or
             other
             Instrument
             .
          
           
             To
             Bare
             the
             
               Roots
               of
               Trees
            
             ,
             or
             to
             Ablaqueate
             ,
             is
             to
             dig
             away
             the
             Earth
             about
             them
             ,
             and
             expose
             them
             sometime
             to
             the
             Air
             ,
             to
             refresh
             them
             ,
             and
             make
             room
             for
             putting
             fresh
             Mold
             to
             them
             ,
             or
             in
             order
             to
             come
             at
             their
             Roots
             ,
             to
             prune
             them
             ,
             when
             either
             defective
             ,
             or
             too
             Rank
             or
             Luxuriant
             .
             See
             Trees
             and
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Bark
             ,
             is
             the
             outward
             rind
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
           
             To
             Bark
             a
             Tree
             ,
             is
             to
             peal
             and
             strip
             it
             of
             its
             Bark
             .
          
           
             Baskets
             made
             of
             Ozier
             wrought
             so
             loose
             ,
             that
             one
             may
             see
             through
             them
             ,
             are
             used
             for
             Circumposition
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             plant
             young
             Trees
             in
             ,
             to
             keep
             in
             reserve
             ,
             to
             be
             ready
             to
             take
             up
             again
             with
             Basket
             and
             all
             ,
             to
             replant
             in
             the
             places
             of
             such
             Trees
             as
             shall
             happen
             to
             die
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             miscarry
             ,
             in
             the
             Ranks
             where
             we
             had
             planted
             them
             ,
             that
             so
             there
             may
             be
             no
             Gaps
             ,
             nor
             other
             Deformity
             in
             any
             Rank
             of
             Trets
             .
             The
             French
             term
             them
             Mannequine
             .
          
           
             To
             Bear
             easily
             or
             quickly
             ,
             or
             easily
             or
             quickly
             to
             take
             to
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             brought
             to
             bearing
             ,
             is
             spoken
             of
             Trees
             that
             bear
             in
             few
             years
             ,
             or
             little
             time
             after
             they
             are
             planted
             .
          
           
             To
             Bear
             hardly
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             hard
             to
             take
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             brought
             to
             bearing
             ,
             is
             spoken
             of
             Trees
             that
             are
             many
             years
             or
             a
             long
             time
             after
             planting
             ,
             before
             they
             bear
             .
          
           
             Beaten
             ,
             spoken
             of
             tilled
             Ground
             when
             it
             is
             so
             beaten
             with
             great
             and
             violent
             Rains
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             grown
             as
             firm
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             never
             tilled
             at
             all
             .
          
           
             A
             Beater
             is
             an
             Instrument
             wherewith
             
               Gravel
               Walks
               ,
               Pall-malls
            
             ,
             &c.
             are
             smoothed
             and
             made
             firm
             .
          
           
             Beds
             are
             plots
             of
             dressed
             Ground
             ,
             which
             in
             digging
             ,
             are
             wrought
             into
             such
             a
             form
             by
             the
             Gard'ner
             ,
             as
             is
             most
             convenient
             to
             the
             temper
             and
             situation
             of
             the
             Earth
             in
             that
             place
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Plants
             to
             be
             sown
             or
             planted
             in
             it
             .
             They
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             Cold
             and
             Hot.
             
          
           
             
               Cold
               Beds
            
             are
             made
             either
             of
             
               Natural
               Earth
            
             ,
             or
             mixed
             and
             improved
             Mold
             ,
             and
             are
             in
             moist
             Grounds
             raised
             higher
             than
             the
             Paths
             ,
             to
             keep
             them
             moderately
             dry
             ,
             and
             in
             rising
             and
             dry
             Grounds
             ,
             laid
             lower
             than
             the
             Paths
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             on
             the
             contrary
             retain
             moisture
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             profit
             so
             much
             the
             more
             by
             the
             Rain
             that
             falls
             .
          
           
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             ,
             are
             Beds
             composed
             of
             
               Long
               New
               Dung
            
             ,
             well
             packt
             together
             ,
             to
             such
             a
             height
             and
             breadth
             as
             is
             prescribed
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Book
             ,
             and
             then
             covered
             over
             to
             a
             certain
             thickness
             ,
             with
             a
             well
             tempered
             Mold
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             planting
             or
             sowing
             such
             plants
             in
             them
             ,
             as
             are
             capable
             of
             being
             by
             Art
             ,
             forced
             to
             grow
             ,
             and
             arrive
             to
             maturity
             even
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             Winter
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             a
             considerable
             while
             before
             their
             natural
             Season
             .
          
           
             How
             these
             Beds
             are
             differently
             made
             for
             Mushrooms
             and
             how
             for
             other
             Plants
             .
             See
             in
             the
             work
             it self
             .
          
           
             
               Deaf
               Beds
            
             are
             such
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             as
             are
             made
             hollow
             in
             the
             Ground
             ,
             by
             taking
             away
             the
             natural
             Earth
             to
             such
             a
             certain
             depth
             ,
             and
             filling
             the
             place
             with
             Dung
             ,
             and
             then
             covering
             it
             with
             Mold
             ,
             till
             it
             rise
             just
             even
             with
             the
             Surface
             of
             the
             Ground
             .
             They
             are
             used
             for
             Mushrooms
             .
          
           
             
               Kernel
               Beds
            
             are
             
               Nursery
               Beds
            
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Seed
             or
             Kernels
             of
             Kernel
             Fruit
             are
             sown
             in
             order
             to
             raise
             Stocks
             to
             Graff
             upon
             .
          
           
             Bells
             ,
             are
             large
             Glasses
             made
             in
             the
             form
             of
             Bells
             ,
             to
             clap
             over
             tender
             Plants
             or
             such
             as
             are
             to
             be
             forced
             ,
             to
             keep
             them
             from
             the
             Cold
             ,
             and
             to
             communicate
             the
             
             S●n's
             heat
             to
             
             them
             sometimes
             with
             the
             more
             advantage
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             not
             strong
             enough
             without
             them
             .
          
           
             
               Belles
               de
               Nuit
            
             ,
             or
             fair
             ones
             of
             the
             night
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Bigarros
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             
               French
               Heart
               Cherries
            
             ,
             so
             called
             because
             they
             be
             partly
             Red
             ,
             and
             partly
             White
             .
          
           
             Bigarrades
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             Sour
             Oranges
             deep
             coloured
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             manner
             crumpled
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             very
             uneven
             Rind
             ,
             used
             chiefly
             in
             Sauces
             ,
             and
             to
             medicinal
             purposes
             .
             So
             called
             from
             their
             odd
             and
             uncouth
             shape
             .
          
           
             Bigarrades
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             mothey
             coloured
             Pears
             ,
             called
             also
             the
             vilonous
             Pears
             of
             Anjou
             .
          
           
             Biting
             is
             a
             taste
             in
             Fruits
             and
             Plants
             ,
             well
             known
             to
             any
             taster
             .
          
           
             
               Le
               Blanc
            
             ,
             i.
             e.
             the
             Whites
             ,
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             disease
             in
             Melons
             and
             Cucumbers
             ,
             termed
             only
             in
             
               English
               Unhealthiness
            
             :
             See
             Unhealthiness
             .
          
           
             To
             Blanch
             :
             See
             to
             Whiten
             .
          
           
             Blast
             and
             Blasting
             ,
             are
             said
             of
             any
             young
             Buds
             or
             Flowers
             ,
             or
             Leaves
             of
             Plants
             ,
             that
             being
             nipt
             by
             the
             East
             or
             
               North
               East
            
             Winds
             sometimes
             reigning
             in
             the
             Spring
             ,
             wither
             and
             shrivel
             ,
             and
             fall
             off
             ,
             to
             give
             place
             to
             new
             ones
             .
             The
             Authour's
             counsel
             is
             to
             ease
             the
             Plants
             ,
             by
             taking
             them
             speedily
             off
             .
          
           
             To
             Bleed
             ,
             or
             Weep
             is
             said
             of
             Vines
             whose
             sap
             runs
             out
             to
             waste
             by
             indiscreet
             cutting
             or
             any
             other
             accident
             :
             See
             weep
             .
          
           
             Blighing
             is
             said
             of
             Flowers
             or
             Blossoms
             ,
             that
             shed
             or
             fall
             without
             knitting
             for
             Fruit
             ,
             by
             the
             effect
             of
             the
             same
             Winds
             .
          
           
             To
             Bloom
             is
             said
             of
             any
             Plant
             that
             begins
             to
             Flower
             .
          
           
             Blossomes
             are
             well
             known
             to
             be
             the
             Flowers
             of
             Fruit-Trees
             .
          
           
             Blossoms
             that
             shed
             without
             knitting
             for
             Fruit
             ,
             are
             said
             in
             
               French
               Couler
            
             ,
             i.
             e.
             to
             slip
             ,
             or
             slink
             like
             an
             
               Abortive
               Birth
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Blow
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             
               Flower
               Buds
            
             when
             they
             open
             and
             spread
             .
          
           
             Borders
             are
             
               Flat
               Banks
            
             raised
             against
             Walls
             commonly
             garnish'd
             with
             
               Sw●et
               Scented
               Herbs
            
             ,
             as
             
               Time
               ,
               Sage
               ,
               Lavender
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Bordures
             or
             Borders
             ,
             is
             a
             term
             likewise
             used
             for
             Herbs
             commonly
             planted
             in
             Borders
             .
          
           
             Couter-borders
             ,
             or
             
               Plat
               Bands
            
             ,
             are
             such
             Borders
             as
             are
             made
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             Walks
             or
             Squares
             that
             front
             the
             Borders
             by
             Walls
             .
          
           
             To
             Border
             an
             Alley
             ,
             is
             to
             Line
             or
             Edge
             it
             with
             Borders
             that
             may
             separate
             it
             from
             the
             Squares
             ,
             and
             Beds
             ,
             and
             other
             works
             contained
             in
             them
             ,
             between
             which
             they
             Traverse
             .
          
           
             A
             Botannist
             ,
             is
             one
             that
             is
             a
             profinement
             in
             the
             general
             knowledge
             of
             Plants
             .
          
           
             A
             Bottle
             or
             Truss
             of
             Hay
             ,
             is
             a
             known
             Term.
             
          
           
             Bough
             :
             See
             Branches
             .
          
           
             Boxes
             :
             See
             Cases
             .
          
           
             A
             Branch
             or
             Bough
             is
             a
             part
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             that
             shooting
             from
             the
             Trunk
             ,
             helps
             to
             form
             the
             Head.
             Branches
             are
             of
             several
             sorts
             .
          
           
             An
             
               Augusted
               Branch
            
             is
             a
             Branch
             of
             a
             Summers
             growth
             ,
             that
             is
             just
             hard'ned
             ,
             and
             has
             done
             growing
             .
          
           
             A
             Bearing
             ,
             or
             Fruit-Branch
             is
             a
             young
             shoot
             that
             is
             grown
             of
             a
             midling
             length
             and
             thickness
             from
             the
             pruning
             of
             the
             foregoing
             year
             .
          
           
             
               Collateral
               Branches
            
             ,
             are
             such
             Branches
             as
             grow
             and
             spread
             on
             the
             same
             side
             of
             a
             Wall-Tree
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Mother
               Branch
            
             ,
             is
             a
             Branch
             that
             after
             its
             last
             Pruning
             ,
             has
             shot
             forth
             other
             new
             Branches
             ;
             And
             thus
             we
             say
             ,
             that
             in
             Pruning
             no
             young
             Branches
             are
             to
             be
             left
             upon
             the
             
               Mother
               Branches
            
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             contribute
             to
             the
             Beauty
             of
             the
             figure
             of
             the
             Tree
             .
          
           
             Main
             ,
             or
             whole
             Branches
             are
             called
             Arms
             ,
             and
             Limbs
             .
          
           
             
               Branches
               Chifonnes
               .
               Skrubbed
            
             or
             
               Shrubbie
               Branches
            
             are
             such
             as
             are
             very
             small
             and
             very
             short
             or
             Skrubbed
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             of
             but
             of
             one
             or
             more
             years
             growth
             ,
             and
             because
             they
             do
             but
             stuff
             a
             Tree
             with
             a
             confused
             quantity
             of
             unless
             Leaves
             ,
             must
             therefore
             be
             taken
             clean
             away
             .
          
           
             
               Water
               Branches
            
             ,
             or
             
               Water
               shoots
            
             ,
             or
             
               Water
               Boughs
            
             ,
             are
             such
             Boughs
             that
             on
             Standards
             ,
             being
             shaded
             and
             dript
             upon
             ,
             remain
             smooth
             and
             naked
             without
             Buds
             which
             are
             as
             I
             suppose
             those
             which
             our
             Authour
             calls
             Jarrets
             or
             Hams
             :
             See
             Hams
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Wood
               Branch
            
             ,
             is
             a
             Branch
             that
             springing
             out
             of
             the
             last
             years
             Pruning
             in
             a
             regular
             and
             natural
             order
             ,
             is
             reasonably
             thick
             .
          
           
             A
             half
             
               Wood
               Branch
            
             ,
             or
             Branch
             of
             half
             Wood
             ,
             is
             a
             Branch
             that
             being
             too
             small
             for
             a
             
               Wood
               Branch
            
             ,
             and
             two
             thick
             for
             a
             
               Fruit
               Branch
            
             ,
             must
             be
             shortned
             to
             the
             length
             of
             two
             or
             three
             Inches
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             produce
             other
             new
             ones
             that
             may
             be
             better
             either
             for
             Wood
             ,
             or
             Fruit
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             contribute
             to
             the
             Beauty
             of
             the
             figure
             ,
             and
             to
             spend
             off
             and
             divert
             some
             of
             the
             over
             Luxuriant
             vigour
             of
             the
             Tree
             .
          
           
             Branchss
             of
             
               False
               Wood
            
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             shoot
             from
             any
             other
             part
             of
             the
             Tree
             than
             that
             which
             was
             Pruned
             ,
             last
             year
             ;
             or
             else
             su●h
             as
             though
             they
             spring
             from
             the
             last
             Pruning
             ,
             are
             thick
             and
             gouty
             in
             those
             places
             where
             they
             should
             be
             slender
             .
          
           
             The
             main
             
               Running
               Branches
            
             of
             Melons
             or
             Cucumbers
             are
             called
             Vines
             .
          
           
             To
             break
             off
             .
             See
             pinch
             ,
             and
             Brout
             ,
             and
             Brouse
             .
          
           
             To
             break
             up
             ,
             Is
             said
             properly
             of
             plowing
             or
             digging
             up
             Ground
             that
             never
             was
             tilled
             before
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             not
             a
             long
             time
             .
          
           
             To
             Brouse
             or
             Brout
             ,
             in
             
               French
               ,
               Brouter
            
             ,
             is
             to
             break
             off
             the
             extreamities
             of
             small
             Branches
             ,
             
             when
             they
             are
             too
             long
             in
             proportion
             to
             their
             vigour
             .
          
           
             Brugnons
             :
             See
             Nectarins
             .
          
           
             
               Bruised
               Fruit
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             bruised
             in
             falling
             without
             piercing
             the
             skin
             ,
             is
             called
             in
             
               French
               Cottii
            
             ,
             or
             Squatted
             .
          
           
             A
             Bud
             is
             the
             Head
             of
             a
             
               Young
               shoot
            
             that
             begins
             to
             peep
             out
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Young
               Bud
            
             or
             Eye
             ,
             is
             a
             Bud
             as
             't
             were
             in
             its
             first
             Seed
             and
             principles
             ,
             when
             it
             just
             only
             appears
             in
             the
             Bark
             of
             the
             Tree
             ,
             before
             it
             swells
             to
             peep
             or
             shoot
             forth
             .
          
           
             To
             Bud
             ,
             is
             to
             Graff
             by
             Inoculation
             ,
             or
             set
             a
             young
             Bud
             of
             one
             Tree
             into
             another
             ;
             an
             operation
             to
             be
             performed
             about
             Mid-summer
             .
             See
             Innoculate
             and
             Inoculation
             ,
             and
             Graffing
             in
             the
             fifth
             part
             of
             this
             Work.
             
          
           
             
               Well
               Buddod
            
             or
             
               well
               set
               Trees
            
             ;
             is
             said
             of
             those
             Fruit-Trees
             ,
             that
             have
             abundance
             of
             
               Fruit
               Buds
            
             ,
             and
             the
             contrary
             of
             those
             that
             are
             not
             so
             .
          
           
             A
             Bucket
             or
             Tub
             used
             by
             Gard'ners
             sometimes
             ,
             to
             sow
             some
             choice
             particular
             Seeds
             in
             ;
             they
             are
             made
             sometimes
             square
             or
             oblong
             ,
             but
             most
             commonly
             round
             ,
             and
             about
             the
             bigness
             of
             a
             Barrel
             .
             The
             French
             call
             them
             Baquets
             .
             See
             Tubs
             .
          
           
             Bulls
             or
             
               Bulbous
               Roots
            
             ,
             are
             all
             such
             Roots
             as
             are
             Roundish
             and
             Coat
             upon
             Coat
             like
             Onions
             ,
             as
             those
             of
             
               Garlick
               ,
               Tulips
            
             ,
             &c.
             and
             are
             mostly
             propagated
             by
             Off-sets
             .
             And
             accordingly
             in
             French
             they
             are
             called
             by
             the
             general
             name
             of
             Onions
             .
          
           
             
               Mother
               Bubs
            
             ,
             are
             those
             which
             produce
             Off-sets
             .
          
           
             A
             Bunch
             is
             a
             common
             Term
             ,
             as
             a
             Bunch
             of
             
               Radishes
               ,
               Turneps
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Bunch
             is
             also
             said
             of
             Grapes
             or
             any
             Fruit
             that
             produces
             several
             Fruit
             upon
             one
             stalk
             ;
             as
             also
             of
             knots
             of
             Wood
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Burly-Trees
             are
             said
             to
             be
             or
             grow
             Burly
             ,
             when
             a
             Graff
             grows
             bigger
             than
             the
             stock
             it
             is
             Graffed
             upon
             ,
             which
             is
             asign
             the
             stock
             or
             wilding
             is
             not
             vigorous
             enough
             .
             The
             French
             term
             is
             Burlet
             .
          
           
             Bubo
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             some
             
               Fruit
               Shrubs
            
             ,
             as
             a
             Curran-Bush
             ,
             a
             Goose-berry-Bush
             ,
             &c.
             
             Also
             the
             tops
             of
             Dwarf-Trees
             are
             said
             to
             be
             Bushie
             ,
             when
             the
             Branches
             grow
             into
             a
             Tuft
             .
             Bushel
             .
             A
             French-Bushel
             is
             a
             measure
             containing
             near
             a
             peck
             and
             half
             English
             ,
             or
             20
             pound
             weight
             .
          
           
             To
             Butt
             :
             See
             Hillock
             .
          
           
             A
             Button
             is
             a
             round
             and
             turgid
             swelling
             Bud
             containing
             the
             Blossoms
             that
             produce
             the
             Fruit
             in
             any
             Tree
             ;
             in
             Kernal
             Fruit
             every
             Bud
             contains
             several
             Blossoms
             ,
             and
             in
             stone
             Fruit
             but
             one
             .
          
        
         
           
             C.
             
          
           
             CAbbage
             a
             known
             Plant.
             
          
           
             To
             Cabbage
             or
             Pome
             ,
             is
             to
             curl
             or
             fold
             up
             into
             a
             round
             firm
             head
             like
             a
             Cabbage
             ,
             or
             an
             Apple
             .
          
           
             Thus
             not
             only
             Cabbage
             but
             Lettuce
             is
             said
             to
             Cabbage
             or
             Pome
             ,
             and
             Artichokes
             are
             said
             to
             Pome
             :
             See
             Pome
             .
          
           
             Calebas
             is
             a
             term
             used
             for
             Plums
             that
             in
             the
             Month
             of
             May
             instead
             of
             Plumping
             or
             preserving
             their
             Green
             grow
             broad
             ,
             lank
             ,
             and
             Whitish
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             fall
             off
             without
             Plumping
             at
             all
             .
          
           
             A
             Canker
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             
               Scurf
               ,
               Scabbiness
            
             ,
             or
             dry
             Rot
             in
             Trees
             ,
             which
             breeds
             both
             in
             the
             Bark
             and
             in
             the
             Wood
             ,
             and
             most
             infests
             ,
             the
             little
             Muscat
             and
             Robine
             ,
             and
             
               Bergamot
               Pear-Trees
            
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             their
             Stems
             or
             Bodies
             ,
             as
             in
             their
             Branches
             .
          
           
             Capers
             and
             
               Capucin
               Capers
            
             ,
             see
             them
             described
             in
             the
             sixth
             part
             treating
             peculiarly
             of
             Kitchen-Gardens
             .
          
           
             Caprons
             are
             Straw-berry
             Plants
             that
             have
             large
             Velvet
             Leaves
             ,
             and
             bear
             large
             Whitish
             Straw-berries
             which
             have
             but
             a
             faint
             taste
             ,
             and
             are
             not
             very
             Fruitful
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             much
             valued
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Carpet
               Walk
            
             is
             a
             
               Green
               Walk
            
             of
             
               Grass
               ,
               Camomil
            
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             kept
             neat
             and
             even
             with
             mowing
             and
             rolling
             :
             See
             Walk
             .
          
           
             Cases
             or
             Boxes
             are
             conveniences
             made
             of
             Wood
             to
             plant
             some
             certain
             rare
             and
             tender
             Plants
             ,
             as
             Orange-Trees
             ,
             in
             &c.
             See
             Boxes
             .
          
           
             To
             Castrate
             or
             Geld
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Cutting
             or
             Pinching
             of
             the
             superfluous
             shoots
             of
             
               Melons
               ,
               Cucumbers
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Castings
             of
             Ponds
             or
             Ditches
             .
             Is
             the
             slime
             or
             mud
             cast
             out
             of
             Ponds
             or
             Ditches
             ,
             which
             after
             it
             has
             been
             a
             while
             exposed
             to
             the
             Sun
             ,
             is
             profitably
             used
             to
             recruit
             ,
             improve
             or
             amend
             ,
             exhausted
             or
             lean
             Ground
             .
          
           
             To
             Chap
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             Wood
             or
             Fruit
             that
             cleaves
             and
             gapes
             by
             any
             cause
             whatsoever
             .
          
           
             Chalk
             ,
             and
             Chalkie
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Chassis
             :
             See
             
               Class
               Frames
            
             .
          
           
             Cherry-Gardens
             ,
             or
             Cherry-Orchards
             ,
             or
             Cherry-Plantations
             are
             known
             terms
             .
             There
             are
             in
             France
             ,
             some
             Cherry-plantations
             in
             the
             open
             fields
             ,
             confining
             upon
             the
             Vine-Yards
             ,
             of
             some
             miles
             extent
             ;
             and
             the
             like
             there
             are
             of
             
               Plums
               ,
               Olives
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Stock
               Cherry-Trees
            
             ,
             are
             Cherry-Trees
             sprung
             from
             the
             Roots
             of
             others
             which
             yet
             bears
             good
             Cherries
             without
             being
             Graffed
             .
          
           
             Chevreuses
             ,
             are
             Hairy
             or
             
               Goat
               Peaches
            
             ,
             so
             called
             because
             they
             are
             Hairy
             like
             
               Goats
               .
               Chevre
            
             signifying
             a
             Goat
             .
          
           
             
             Chevreuses
             ,
             are
             Peachos
             Hairy
             like
             Goats
             :
             See
             
               Goat
               Peaches
            
             .
          
           
             
               Chovons
               ,
               Colly-flower
            
             plant
             in
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Cions
             ,
             or
             Scions
             are
             young
             slips
             ,
             or
             suckers
             of
             any
             Tree
             fit
             to
             Graff
             :
             See
             Scions
             .
          
           
             Circumposion
             :
             See
             Baskets
             .
          
           
             A
             Glass
             ,
             is
             a
             rank
             or
             order
             by
             which
             things
             are
             sorted
             and
             in
             which
             they
             are
             placed
             .
          
           
             Claws
             or
             Fangs
             ,
             called
             in
             
               French
               Patts
            
             :
             See
             Fangs
             .
          
           
             Clay
             or
             Clayie
             Ground
             are
             terms
             well
             known
             see
             :
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Cleanse
             ,
             as
             to
             Cleanse
             a
             Tree
             of
             
               Moss
               ,
               Scab
            
             ,
             or
             
               Canker
               ,
               Gum
               ,
               Rust
               ,
               Vermin
            
             and
             their
             Eggs
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Clear
             ,
             as
             to
             Clear
             a
             Tree
             of
             some
             of
             its
             superfluous
             Branches
             when
             they
             grow
             too
             thick
             ,
             or
             of
             its
             unless
             suckers
             and
             Cions
             .
          
           
             Cleft
             ,
             to
             Graff
             in
             the
             Cleft
             .
             See
             it
             in
             the
             fifth
             part
             of
             the
             Book
             .
          
           
             Clod
             ,
             as
             a
             Clod
             of
             Earth
             ,
             is
             called
             in
             
               French
               Motte
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Close
             ,
             a
             Tree
             that
             is
             Graffed
             is
             said
             to
             Close
             when
             the
             Bark
             grows
             over
             the
             cut
             where
             it
             was
             Graffed
             so
             that
             it
             appears
             smooth
             without
             a
             Scar
             ;
             or
             when
             the
             Bark
             grows
             over
             and
             covers
             any
             other
             cut
             or
             wound
             in
             Pruning
             .
          
           
             A
             Close
             cut
             :
             See
             cut
             .
          
           
             Cloves
             ,
             is
             a
             term
             used
             to
             signify
             the
             Off-sets
             of
             Garlick
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             like
             Roots
             .
             See
             Oss-sets
             .
          
           
             Clusters
             ,
             or
             Bunch
             .
          
           
             To
             Coffin
             themselves
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Flowers
             that
             shrivel
             up
             and
             dry
             away
             in
             their
             Buds
             without
             flowing
             or
             spreading
             .
          
           
             Compartiments
             :
             See
             knots
             .
          
           
             Compost
             .
             Is
             rich
             made
             Mold
             ,
             compounded
             with
             choice
             Mold
             ,
             rotten
             Dung
             ,
             and
             other
             enriching
             ingredients
             .
          
           
             A
             Conservatory
             is
             a
             close
             place
             where
             Orange-Trees
             ,
             and
             other
             tender
             Plants
             are
             placed
             till
             warm
             weather
             come
             in
             .
             See
             Green
             house
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Coronary
               Garden
            
             ,
             is
             a
             Garden
             planted
             with
             Flowers
             and
             other
             materials
             that
             compose
             Nosegays
             and
             Garlands
             .
          
           
             To
             Couch
             ,
             is
             to
             bend
             a
             Wall-Tree
             for
             palisading
             ,
             or
             to
             lay
             down
             layers
             to
             take
             Root
             .
          
           
             
               Counter
               Espaliers
            
             ,
             are
             
               Pole
               Hedges
            
             ,
             or
             Trees
             growing
             in
             
               Pole
               Hedges
            
             ,
             fronting
             the
             Wall-Trees
             ,
             and
             spread
             ,
             palisadoed
             ,
             and
             Trellissed
             like
             them
             .
             They
             are
             now
             almost
             out
             of
             use
             in
             France
             ,
             but
             only
             for
             some
             sorts
             of
             
               Garden
               Vines
            
             .
          
           
             Cotty
             or
             squatted
             is
             said
             of
             bruised
             in
             falling
             ,
             without
             cutting
             their
             skin
             .
          
           
             Courtilliere
             ,
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             insect
             ,
             or
             Palmer
             Word
             bred
             in
             Horse
             Dung
             ,
             and
             consequently
             in
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             ,
             about
             two
             Inches
             long
             at
             full
             growth
             ,
             pretty
             thick
             ,
             and
             yellowish
             ,
             with
             many
             legs
             .
             It
             crawls
             very
             nimbly
             ,
             and
             gnaws
             the
             Roots
             of
             
               Melons
               ,
               Succory
            
             ,
             &c.
             growing
             on
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             .
             See
             Insects
             ,
             and
             Palmer
             .
          
           
             Crop
             ,
             is
             a
             known
             word
             to
             signifie
             the
             whole
             increase
             we
             gather
             from
             any
             thing
             ,
             as
             a
             crop
             of
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             Crop
             also
             is
             to
             plant
             sow
             or
             furnish
             a
             Ground
             that
             is
             empty
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             Crop
             ,
             is
             to
             break
             or
             pinch
             of
             useless
             Branches
             without
             cutting
             .
          
           
             To
             Cross
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Branches
             in
             Wall
             -
             Trees
             ,
             that
             grow
             cross
             one
             another
             .
          
           
             Crown
             ,
             is
             used
             for
             the
             head
             or
             upper
             hollow
             extreamity
             of
             Kernel
             Fruit.
             to
             Graff
             in
             the
             Crown
             :
             See
             Graff
             in
             the
             fifth
             part
             of
             the
             Book
             .
          
           
             Crumpling
             ,
             or
             Guerkins
             are
             small
             Cucumbers
             to
             pickle
             ,
             called
             in
             
               French
               Cornichons
            
             .
             They
             are
             also
             small
             crumpled
             Apples
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Cubical
               Toise
            
             or
             Fathom
             :
             See
             Toise
             ,
             and
             Fathom
             .
          
           
             Cuckows
             ,
             are
             Straw-berry
             Plants
             that
             blow
             without
             bearing
             .
          
           
             
               Cucurbit
               Glasses
            
             filled
             with
             honied
             Beer
             or
             water
             are
             hung
             upon
             Wall-Trees
             ,
             to
             catch
             and
             destroy
             wasps
             and
             flies
             .
          
           
             Culture
             ,
             is
             the
             Tillage
             of
             Ground
             ,
             or
             the
             whole
             care
             and
             labour
             that
             is
             taken
             for
             the
             Tillage
             of
             Ground
             ,
             dressing
             of
             Gardens
             ,
             or
             rearing
             ,
             raising
             and
             improving
             of
             any
             particular
             Plant
             or
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             A
             Curtain
             .
          
           
             To
             Cut
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             ways
             of
             it
             see
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Pruning
             .
          
           
             A
             close
             Cut
             ,
             is
             a
             Branch
             of
             a
             Vine
             shortned
             to
             the
             length
             of
             3
             or
             4
             Eyes
             ,
             or
             young
             Buds
             .
          
           
             Cuttings
             ,
             are
             ends
             of
             Branches
             cut
             off
             from
             some
             certain
             Trees
             ,
             shrubs
             and
             Plants
             ,
             which
             being
             set
             or
             planted
             ,
             will
             take
             Root
             and
             grow
             .
          
           
             Cutworks
             ,
             are
             Flower
             Plots
             ,
             or
             Grass
             plot
             consisting
             of
             several
             pieces
             cut
             into
             various
             pleasing
             figures
             answering
             one
             another
             ,
             like
             cut
             work
             ,
             made
             by
             Women
             .
          
        
         
           
             D.
             
          
           
             DEclivity
             is
             the
             sloping
             of
             the
             side
             of
             a
             
               Hill
               ,
               Bank
               ,
               Ridge
            
             ,
             or
             any
             Ground
             not
             Level
             ,
             considered
             as
             Falling
             ,
             or
             Descending
             ,
             and
             is
             contrary
             to
             Acclivity
             ,
             which
             see
             .
          
           
             
               Deaf
               Beds
            
             :
             See
             Beds
             .
          
           
             Dented
             ,
             is
             spoken
             of
             any
             Leaves
             of
             Trees
             or
             Plants
             ,
             that
             are
             dented
             .
          
           
             
               Devils
               Gold
               Ring
            
             ,
             in
             
               French
               ,
               Lisette
            
             ,
             a
             sort
             of
             a
             Worm
             or
             Cater-pillar
             infesting
             the
             young
             shoots
             of
             Vines
             .
          
           
             Diagonal
             Allies
             ,
             or
             Lines
             ,
             are
             Allies
             or
             Lines
             drawn
             cross
             one
             another
             through
             
             the
             Center
             of
             each
             ,
             and
             cross
             any
             square
             in
             a
             Garden
             from
             corner
             to
             corner
             ,
             thereby
             to
             give
             them
             that
             walk
             in
             them
             the
             fuller
             view
             of
             the
             square
             .
          
           
             Diet.
             See
             
               Milk
               Diet.
               Feed
               ,
               Refresh
            
             .
          
           
             To
             DIG
             or
             delve
             ,
             are
             terms
             known
             to
             all
             .
          
           
             Doughie
             .
             Is
             said
             of
             the
             Pulp
             of
             fruit
             ,
             as
             a
             
               Doughie
               Pear
            
             ,
             a
             
               Doughie
               Peach
            
             ,
             &c.
             See
             Pulp
             .
          
           
             Drains
             ,
             are
             Dykes
             or
             Gutters
             made
             in
             Grounds
             ,
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             water
             :
             See
             
               Dykes
               ,
               Gutters
               ,
               Water-courses
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Dress
             ,
             Is
             said
             of
             the
             Tillage
             or
             Tighting
             up
             of
             a
             Garden
             ,
             or
             any
             part
             of
             it
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             said
             of
             the
             pruning
             and
             trimming
             of
             Trees
             .
             Thence
             we
             say
             ,
             a
             Vine
             dresser
             ,
             or
             to
             dress
             a
             Vine
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Dung
             ,
             is
             a
             known
             Term
             ,
             and
             is
             long
             and
             new
             ,
             or
             short
             and
             old
             .
             Long
             and
             new
             fresh
             Dung
             is
             Litter
             that
             has
             served
             Horses
             or
             Mules
             but
             one
             or
             two
             Nights
             at
             most
             ,
             and
             has
             all
             its
             straw
             entire
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             has
             not
             yet
             fermented
             ,
             and
             much
             less
             rotted
             ,
             old
             and
             short
             Dung
             ,
             is
             Dung
             that
             has
             fermented
             and
             lost
             its
             heat
             ,
             and
             whose
             Straw
             is
             rotted
             ,
             and
             formed
             into
             a
             kind
             of
             Mold
             with
             the
             Dung.
             
          
           
             
               Dwarf
               Trees
            
             are
             Low
             Standards
             ,
             or
             Trees
             so
             dressed
             and
             pruned
             in
             Planting
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             but
             low
             Trunks
             ,
             and
             moderately
             spreading
             Branches
             and
             Tops
             .
          
           
             
               Musty
               ,
               Mouldy
            
             ,
             or
             Hoary
             Dung
             is
             used
             for
             a
             
               Mushroom
               Bed
            
             :
             See
             
               Beds
               Mouldy
            
             ,
             and
             Mushrooms
             .
          
           
             Dikes
             :
             See
             
               Drains
               ,
               Gutters
               ,
               Water-courses
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             E.
             
          
           
             EMbroidery
             ,
             is
             a
             term
             used
             in
             
               Flower
               Gardens
            
             ,
             signifying
             ,
             
               Flower
               Plots
            
             that
             are
             wrought
             in
             fine
             shapes
             ,
             like
             patterns
             of
             Embroidery
             .
          
           
             Ear-Wigs
             are
             an
             Insect
             well
             known
             .
          
           
             Earth
             ,
             in
             Gardning
             ,
             is
             taken
             for
             the
             Soil
             or
             Ground
             in
             which
             
               Trees
               Legumes
            
             ,
             or
             Edible
             and
             useful
             Plants
             or
             their
             Seeds
             are
             to
             be
             sown
             or
             planted
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             several
             sorts
             ,
             as
             for
             example
             :
          
           
             It
             is
             call'd
             
               Sower
               ,
               Bitter
            
             ,
             and
             Stinking
             ,
             when
             in
             smelling
             to
             it
             ,
             or
             taking
             the
             water
             in
             which
             it
             has
             soaked
             ,
             we
             perceive
             it
             
               Sowr
               bitter
            
             or
             stinking
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             White
             Clay
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             of
             a
             White
             stiff
             ,
             and
             slimy
             substance
             ,
             and
             is
             fat
             ,
             heavy
             ,
             gross
             and
             Cold
             ,
             and
             cuts
             like
             Butter
             ,
             and
             is
             very
             apt
             to
             chop
             with
             the
             Summers
             heat
             ;
             and
             some
             call
             it
             dead
             Earth
             because
             of
             its
             unfruitfulness
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             stiled
             good
             when
             we
             can
             make
             any
             thing
             grow
             in
             we
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             ;
             And
             bad
             when
             neither
             Trees
             ,
             Plants
             nor
             Seeds
             thrive
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             hot
             and
             burning
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             so
             light
             and
             dry
             that
             upon
             the
             least
             heat
             ,
             all
             the
             Plants
             in
             it
             dry
             away
             and
             wither
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Gravelled
             when
             't
             is
             mixed
             with
             much
             sand
             and
             many
             little
             stones
             tempered
             with
             a
             little
             light
             Red
             Clay
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Tough
             ,
             heavy
             ,
             and
             by
             some
             stubborn
             ,
             and
             because
             of
             its
             unfruitfulness
             Chast
             ,
             and
             in
             England
             Red
             ,
             Loamy
             stiff
             Clay
             ,
             when
             it
             cuts
             smooth
             and
             stiff
             ,
             and
             is
             very
             hard
             to
             Till
             or
             dress
             ,
             because
             the
             great
             rains
             beat
             it
             all
             into
             a
             marsh
             like
             mortar
             ,
             and
             the
             heat
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ehops
             it
             ,
             and
             makes
             it
             hard
             as
             a
             stone
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             strong
             ,
             free
             ,
             or
             rank
             Earth
             ,
             when
             without
             being
             stiff
             and
             Clayie
             ,
             it
             is
             like
             the
             bottom
             or
             mould
             under
             the
             turf
             ,
             of
             good
             medow
             Ground
             ,
             and
             in
             handling
             ,
             sticks
             to
             the
             fingers
             like
             a
             paste
             ,
             and
             receives
             any
             shape
             or
             impression
             from
             them
             ,
             whether
             long
             ,
             round
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             termed
             Cold
             ,
             moist
             ,
             and
             backward
             when
             upon
             the
             advance
             of
             the
             Spring
             it
             is
             long
             before
             it
             conceives
             heat
             enough
             to
             put
             forth
             its
             productions
             ,
             and
             brings
             forth
             every
             thing
             later
             than
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             forward
             ,
             or
             hasty
             ,
             when
             Fruits
             ripen
             in
             it
             betimes
             ;
             as
             at
             St.
             
               Germains
               Paris
            
             ,
             St.
             Maur
             ,
             &c.
             and
             backward
             when
             it
             has
             a
             contrary
             effect
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             loose
             ,
             light
             and
             mellow
             ,
             when
             either
             by
             art
             or
             nature
             it
             is
             brought
             to
             a
             midling
             consistence
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             loose
             and
             light
             like
             sand
             ,
             and
             yet
             partaking
             of
             the
             heart
             and
             substance
             of
             good
             mould
             ,
             easily
             obeying
             the
             spade
             ,
             rake
             and
             other
             instruments
             ,
             and
             penetrable
             to
             Seeds
             and
             the
             shoots
             and
             Fibrous
             Roots
             of
             Plants
             and
             Trees
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             new
             or
             fresh
             when
             it
             never
             served
             yet
             to
             the
             production
             of
             any
             Plant
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             found
             two
             or
             three
             foot
             or
             more
             in
             depth
             beyond
             the
             surface
             or
             upper
             crust
             of
             the
             Ground
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             made
             or
             transported
             Earth
             when
             't
             is
             brought
             into
             the
             Garden
             from
             some
             other
             place
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Fallow
             Ground
             when
             't
             is
             laid
             to
             rest
             a
             year
             or
             two
             or
             more
             ,
             without
             being
             planted
             or
             sown
             with
             any
             thing
             .
             See
             hollow
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             over
             wrought
             or
             exhausted
             Ground
             ,
             when
             it
             has
             been
             a
             long
             time
             continually
             tilled
             ,
             sown
             and
             Planted
             without
             intermission
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             recruit
             or
             amendment
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             it
             is
             called
             light
             and
             sandy
             when
             without
             having
             any
             body
             of
             true
             Earth
             ,
             its
             parts
             do
             not
             stick
             together
             ,
             no
             not
             with
             the
             Rain
             it self
             ,
             but
             are
             so
             loose
             ,
             that
             no
             plants
             can
             take
             hold
             enough
             to
             fix
             any
             Root
             there
             .
          
           
             
             Mould
             is
             transported
             Earth
             ,
             and
             is
             either
             Natural
             or
             Artificial
             .
          
           
             Natural
             Mould
             ,
             is
             pure
             choice
             well
             tempered
             Earth
             ,
             taken
             from
             the
             bottom
             or
             under
             pasture
             of
             a
             Meadow
             ,
             or
             other
             place
             where
             the
             Earth
             is
             naturally
             rank
             and
             mellow
             ,
             or
             made
             out
             of
             the
             castings
             of
             Ditches
             or
             Ponds
             ,
             well
             dryed
             ,
             sunned
             ,
             and
             dressed
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Artificial
             Mould
             ,
             is
             Earth
             composed
             of
             rotten
             Dung
             ,
             natural
             Mold
             ,
             rotted
             Leaves
             of
             Trees
             ,
             and
             other
             proper
             fanting
             and
             enriching
             Materials
             .
             See
             Compost
             .
          
           
             To
             Earth
             up
             ,
             is
             to
             bank
             or
             hillock
             up
             the
             Earth
             about
             
               Cellery
               ,
               Endive
               ,
               Long
               Lettuce
               ,
               Chards
               ,
            
             &c.
             almost
             to
             their
             Tops
             ,
             to
             whiten
             them
             .
          
           
             Edgings
             ,
             are
             the
             edges
             of
             Borders
             or
             Beds
             which
             are
             garnished
             with
             Sweet
             Flowers
             or
             Herbs
             .
          
           
             Espaliers
             ,
             are
             Wall-trees
             ,
             or
             any
             Trellissed
             ,
             or
             pallisado'd
             Tree
             .
          
           
             Estiloers
             .
          
           
             
               Ever
               Greens
            
             are
             such
             Plants
             ,
             whose
             Leaves
             are
             always
             Green
             ,
             as
             
               Bays
               ,
               Lawrel
               ,
               Holly
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Exhautted
             .
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Exoticks
             ,
             are
             Foreign
             Plants
             brought
             from
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             and
             that
             do
             not
             naturally
             grow
             in
             our
             Climates
             .
          
           
             
               Exposition
               ,
               Exposure
            
             and
             Aspect
             ,
             signifie
             the
             same
             thing
             ,
             and
             denotes
             the
             posture
             or
             situation
             any
             Wall
             ,
             or
             plant
             is
             in
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             receive
             the
             Benefit
             of
             the
             Rays
             ,
             and
             influence
             of
             the
             Sun.
             And
             is
             fourfold
             ,
             
               viz.
               Northern
               ,
               Southern
               ,
               Eastern
               ,
               Western
               .
            
          
           
             The
             
               Good
               Expositions
            
             ,
             are
             those
             of
             the
             East
             and
             South
             ,
             whereof
             the
             South
             is
             the
             best
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Bad
               Exposition
            
             is
             that
             of
             the
             North.
             
          
           
             The
             Midling
             or
             
               Indifferent
               Exposition
            
             ,
             is
             that
             of
             the
             West
             .
             See
             them
             all
             described
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Work.
             
          
           
             Eye
             ,
             a
             young
             Bud
             just
             appearing
             in
             the
             Bark
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
             Is
             called
             an
             Eye
             .
             See
             Bud.
             
          
           
             The
             Crown
             ,
             or
             higher
             extremity
             of
             any
             
               Kirnel
               Fruit
            
             ,
             is
             likewise
             termed
             an
             Eye
             .
          
        
         
           
             F.
             
          
           
             FAggots
             ,
             is
             the
             brushy
             or
             small
             part
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             a
             Faggot
             ,
             laid
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             Cases
             for
             Orange-Trees
             ,
             to
             keep
             the
             Earth
             lose
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             moisture
             pass
             .
          
           
             Fall
             ,
             the
             falling
             or
             sloping
             of
             any
             piece
             of
             Ground
             downward
             ,
             is
             called
             Declivity
             .
             Which
             See.
             
          
           
             
               Fallow
               Earth
            
             or
             Ground
             ,
             is
             Ground
             laid
             to
             rest
             ,
             and
             only
             tilled
             ,
             mucked
             ,
             and
             amended
             ,
             without
             sowing
             or
             planting
             any
             thing
             in
             for
             a
             certain
             time
             till
             it
             be
             recruited
             .
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             False
             Flowers
             or
             Blossoms
             ,
             are
             those
             Flowers
             or
             Blossoms
             of
             
               Cucumbers
               ,
               Melons
            
             ,
             &c.
             that
             do
             not
             knit
             ,
             or
             set
             for
             Fruit
             ,
             but
             fall
             off
             without
             producing
             any
             thing
             .
          
           
             
               False
               Wood.
            
             See
             Branches
             .
          
           
             Fangs
             ,
             is
             a
             term
             signifying
             the
             Claws
             of
             Ranunculus
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             Roots
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             take
             hold
             in
             the
             Ground
             .
             See
             Claws
             .
          
           
             To
             Fan
             or
             Skreen
             Corn
             or
             Seeds
             ,
             is
             a
             well
             known
             Term.
             
          
           
             Fane
             ,
             is
             a
             French
             Term
             ,
             the
             top
             or
             leafy
             part
             ,
             properly
             of
             such
             Plants
             whose
             Leafs
             are
             only
             or
             mostly
             in
             use
             ,
             as
             of
             
               Radishes
               ,
               Turneps
            
             ,
             &c.
             being
             that
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             the
             word
             imports
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             subject
             to
             fade
             and
             wither
             .
             It
             is
             called
             in
             English
             ,
             sometimes
             Foliage
             .
             See
             
               Foliage
               ,
               Tops
               ,
               Leaves
            
             .
          
           
             A
             Fathom
             is
             a
             measure
             of
             six
             Foot
             ,
             called
             in
             French
             ,
             a
             Toise
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             Term
             much
             used
             by
             this
             Author
             .
             See
             Toise
             .
          
           
             Feed
             as
             to
             feed
             Vines
             with
             Blood
             ,
             and
             other
             nourishing
             and
             refreshing
             mixtures
             .
          
           
             Fibres
             are
             small
             long
             Roots
             like
             Hairs
             ,
             that
             spring
             out
             of
             the
             larger
             Roots
             of
             Trees
          
           
             To
             Fill
             or
             Knit
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Fruit
             when
             it
             begins
             to
             Plump
             .
             See
             Knit
             and
             Plump
             .
          
           
             Fine
             ,
             as
             Roses
             ,
             or
             Arroses
             fine
             ,
             are
             gentle
             waterings
             .
          
           
             Fleas
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             black
             Vermine
             ,
             that
             hang
             upon
             and
             spoil
             Plants
             ,
             called
             Pucerons
             in
             French
             ,
             from
             their
             likeness
             to
             other
             Fleas
             .
          
           
             Flavour
             ,
             is
             a
             grateful
             tast
             ,
             mixed
             with
             a
             fragrant
             smell
             ,
             as
             in
             some
             Wine
             and
             Fruit
             ,
             when
             we
             say
             they
             have
             a
             fine
             Flavour
             .
          
           
             To
             Fill
             ,
             or
             Knit
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Fruit
             when
             it
             begins
             to
             Plump
             .
             See
             Knit
             and
             Plump
             .
          
           
             A
             Florist
             ,
             is
             a
             Gard'ner
             that
             cultivates
             Flowers
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Person
             that
             understands
             and
             delights
             in
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             Feliage
             is
             the
             leafy
             part
             of
             a
             Tree
             or
             other
             Plant
             ,
             or
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             Leaves
             .
          
           
             Ferest-Trees
             are
             such
             Trees
             as
             bear
             no
             Fruit
             ,
             but
             are
             planted
             only
             for
             Yards
             ,
             Avenues
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Fork
             and
             to
             Fork
             the
             Earth
             ,
             &c.
             are
             Terms
             that
             need
             no
             Explanation
             .
          
           
             
               Forward
               Fruits
               ,
               Plants
            
             or
             Legumes
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             ripen
             or
             grow
             fit
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             betimes
             in
             the
             Year
             .
             See
             Hastings
             .
          
           
             To
             Force
             ,
             is
             to
             advance
             things
             to
             Maturity
             upon
             Hot-beds
             before
             their
             natural
             Season
             .
          
           
             
               Fotherd
               Grounds
            
             ,
             is
             ground
             upon
             which
             Cattel
             are
             fed
             upon
             in
             Winter
             ,
             with
             Hay
             ,
             &c.
             to
             better
             it
             .
          
           
             A
             Free-stock
             ,
             as
             Free-stock
             upon
             Free-stock
             ,
             is
             a
             Graff
             upon
             a
             Wilding
             ,
             or
             a
             Graff
             of
             a
             Wilding
             upon
             a
             Wilding
             .
             See
             Stock
             .
          
           
             Frost-bitten
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Blossoms
             ,
             Buds
             ,
             Shoots
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             or
             any
             Edible
             plants
             ,
             that
             
             are
             killed
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             spoild
             with
             the
             Frost
             .
          
           
             A
             Fruit-loft
             ,
             Garner
             ,
             Room
             ,
             Store-house
             ,
             or
             Magazine
             ,
             is
             a
             place
             where
             Fruit
             is
             laid
             up
             .
          
           
             Kernel-Fruit
             ,
             is
             Fruit
             that
             comes
             of
             Kernels
             or
             Seeds
             ,
             as
             Apples
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Quinces
             .
          
           
             
               Stone
               Fruit
            
             ,
             is
             Fruit
             that
             comes
             of
             ,
             and
             contains
             Stones
             ,
             or
             hard
             Shells
             inclosing
             their
             Seed
             ,
             growing
             within
             the
             pulp
             of
             the
             Fruit
             ,
             as
             
               Peaches
               ,
               Plums
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Furnitures
             ,
             are
             all
             hot
             and
             spicy
             Herbs
             ,
             mixed
             with
             
               Lettuce
               ,
               Purslain
            
             ,
             and
             other
             cold
             Herbs
             in
             Sallets
             to
             temper
             and
             relish
             them
             ,
             as
             
               Rocket
               ,
               Tarragon
               ,
               Basil
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             fold
             in
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Leaves
             of
             decayed
             or
             blasted
             Plants
             that
             shrink
             ,
             wither
             ,
             and
             curl
             up
             together
             on
             a
             heap
             .
          
           
             The
             Foot
             of
             a
             Tree
             is
             that
             swelling
             part
             of
             a
             Tree
             between
             the
             Body
             or
             Trunk
             ,
             and
             the
             Roots
             of
             the
             Trees
             that
             are
             covered
             in
             the
             Earth
             .
             It
             is
             sometimes
             called
             in
             French
             ,
             the
             Neck
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
        
         
           
             G.
             
          
           
             AGage
             is
             a
             Hole
             or
             Trench
             dug
             to
             plant
             a
             Tree
             in
             ,
             of
             a
             certain
             depth
             ,
             which
             serves
             a
             measure
             for
             all
             the
             rest
             in
             the
             same
             row
             .
          
           
             Gardens
             are
             choice
             inclosed
             pieces
             of
             Ground
             planted
             with
             Edible
             Plants
             ,
             Fruit-Trees
             ,
             and
             Flowers
             ,
             and
             differ
             from
             Orchards
             ,
             which
             are
             commonly
             planted
             with
             Standard
             Fruit-Trees
             ,
             and
             are
             seldom
             walled
             ,
             or
             so
             curiously
             inclosed
             as
             Gardens
             .
          
           
             Kitchen-Gardens
             are
             chiefly
             for
             Kitchen
             and
             Edible
             Plants
             .
          
           
             
               Fruit
               Gardens
            
             for
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             And
             Flower-Gardens
             or
             Patterres
             ,
             for
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Marsh
             ,
             or
             
               Market
               Gardners
            
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             frequent
             the
             Markets
             .
             See
             Botanists
             and
             Florists
             .
          
           
             Nursery-Gardens
             .
             See
             Nurseries
             .
          
           
             To
             Garnish
             well
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Wall
             ,
             or
             any
             pallisaded
             Trees
             ,
             when
             they
             spread
             well
             ,
             and
             cover
             the
             Wall
             or
             Trelliss
             on
             all
             sides
             ,
             without
             leaving
             any
             place
             bald
             or
             bare
             .
          
           
             Glass-Frames
             or
             Classis
             .
          
           
             Goat-Peaches
             are
             Peaches
             that
             are
             very
             hairy
             .
             See
             Cheureuses
             .
          
           
             A
             Graff
             ,
             a
             young
             Cion
             ,
             shoot
             ,
             bud
             ,
             or
             sucker
             set
             into
             another
             Tree
             or
             stock
             .
          
           
             To
             Graff
             ,
             see
             the
             several
             ways
             of
             doing
             it
             in
             the
             fifth
             part
             of
             the
             Book
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Graffing
               Knife
            
             ,
             is
             a
             known
             instrument
             to
             cut
             withal
             in
             order
             to
             Graffing
             .
          
           
             Gravel
             ,
             is
             a
             thing
             well
             known
             ,
             see
             Earth
             .
          
           
             A
             Green-house
             ,
             is
             a
             Room
             or
             House
             framed
             with
             Conveniencies
             for
             the
             housing
             and
             sheltering
             of
             Orange-Trees
             and
             other
             tender
             foreign
             plants
             ,
             from
             the
             cold
             in
             Winter
             time
             ,
             and
             cool
             Weather
             .
          
           
             Gritty
             ,
             sticky
             ,
             or
             stony
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Pears
             ,
             whose
             Pulp
             is
             hard
             ,
             or
             harsh
             near
             the
             Core
             ,
             or
             all
             over
             .
          
           
             To
             Grub
             ,
             as
             to
             grub
             up
             Weeds
             by
             the
             Roots
             ,
             is
             a
             word
             known
             of
             Signification
             .
          
           
             Gutter
             ,
             Gutters
             are
             little
             Channels
             or
             Dykes
             that
             serve
             for
             Drains
             or
             Water-Courses
             ,
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             water
             in
             moist
             marshy
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             dry
             .
             Sometimes
             they
             are
             paved
             and
             made
             up
             with
             Stone
             .
          
        
         
           
             H.
             
          
           
             
               HAlf
               Standards
            
             ,
             are
             Trees
             whose
             Trunks
             are
             shortned
             in
             planting
             to
             a
             midling
             length
             ,
             between
             
               High
               Standards
            
             and
             Dwarfs
             or
             
               Low
               Standards
            
             .
          
           
             Ham
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             a
             Branch
             of
             a
             Tree
             very
             long
             ,
             and
             bare
             of
             any
             other
             Branches
             ,
             either
             by
             Nature
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             Gard'ners
             ignorance
             in
             cutting
             them
             off
             ,
             which
             Hams
             must
             be
             cut
             pretty
             close
             off
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             shoot
             out
             new
             Sprouts
             .
          
           
             Hastings
             or
             Hasting
             ,
             is
             spoken
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             
               Sallets
               ,
               Legumes
            
             ,
             that
             ripen
             or
             come
             to
             perfection
             betimes
             in
             the
             Year
             ,
             as
             
               Hastings
               ,
               Peas
               ,
               Beans
               ,
               Artichokes
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
            
             &c.
             See
             Forward
             .
          
           
             The
             head
             or
             top
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             is
             known
             to
             all
             what
             it
             is
             .
          
           
             To
             Head
             a
             Tree
             ,
             is
             to
             cut
             off
             the
             Head
             or
             Top
             ,
             leaving
             only
             the
             bare
             Stem
             without
             any
             Top
             Branches
             .
          
           
             To
             Heat
             ,
             as
             to
             heat
             Beds
             or
             Paths
             with
             new
             Long
             Dung
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             force
             on
             and
             advance
             Sallets
             and
             Fruits
             before
             the
             natural
             time
             .
          
           
             Haugh
             :
             See
             Hough
             .
          
           
             Hedges
             ,
             Besides
             common
             Hedges
             ,
             there
             are
             Hedges
             made
             of
             Straw
             or
             Reeds
             to
             shelter
             tender
             Plants
             against
             the
             cold
             Winters
             ,
             call'd
             in
             
               French
               ,
               Brise-Rents
            
             .
          
           
             
               Pole
               Hedges
            
             ,
             are
             Hedges
             composed
             of
             palisaded
             Trees
             spread
             and
             fastned
             to
             Lattice
             frames
             and
             Trellisses
             :
             See
             Counter
             Espaliers
             or
             Counter
             Wall-Trees
             .
          
           
             The
             Heel
             of
             a
             Branch
             is
             the
             grosser
             and
             thicker
             bending
             part
             of
             a
             Branch
             that
             is
             cut
             off
             ,
             which
             is
             Graffed
             into
             a
             stock
             when
             the
             other
             end
             is
             too
             small
             and
             weak
             .
          
           
             The
             Heel
             or
             stool
             of
             an
             Artichoke
             slip
             ,
             is
             that
             end
             that
             joins
             to
             the
             main
             Root
             .
          
           
             Herbalist
             or
             Herborist
             ,
             is
             one
             that
             understands
             or
             sells
             Herbs
             and
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Hillocks
             are
             little
             Hills
             or
             round
             Banks
             raised
             about
             the
             feet
             of
             Trees
             or
             other
             Plants
             ,
             as
             
               Vines
               ,
               Hops
               ,
               Artichokes
            
             ,
             &c.
             as
             also
             about
             such
             plants
             as
             are
             earthed
             up
             to
             be
             whitened
             .
          
           
             To
             Hillock
             is
             to
             raise
             such
             rounds
             Banks
             or
             Hillocks
             about
             any
             plant
             as
             are
             above
             described
             
             Hoary
             Dung
             :
             See
             Mouldy
             Dung
             ,
             and
             Mushrooms
             .
          
           
             Hortolage
             :
             See
             Potagery
             .
          
           
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             :
             See
             Beds
             .
          
           
             Hough
             or
             Haugh
             ,
             is
             an
             instrument
             well
             known
             to
             Gard'ners
             ,
             and
             most
             Country
             people
             ,
             as
             likewise
             the
             action
             of
             using
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             I.
             
          
           
             
               TO
               Inarch
            
             ,
             to
             Graff
             by
             approach
             :
             See
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Graffing
             .
             part
             5.
             
          
           
             To
             Incase
             ,
             is
             to
             put
             curious
             tender
             ,
             or
             Exotick
             Plants
             into
             Boxes
             or
             Cases
             ,
             for
             their
             more
             advantagious
             Culture
             and
             preservation
             .
          
           
             To
             Innoculate
             or
             Bud
             :
             See
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Graffing
             .
             part
             5.
             
          
           
             Increase
             ,
             a
             Tree
             or
             plant
             is
             said
             to
             be
             of
             great
             Increase
             ,
             when
             they
             yield
             plenty
             of
             Fruit
             ,
             or
             a
             good
             crop
             of
             any
             thing
             else
             ,
             as
             grain
             ,
             pulse
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Insects
             ,
             are
             all
             little
             animals
             whose
             bodies
             are
             divided
             by
             several
             cuts
             as
             't
             were
             and
             sectures
             .
          
           
             
               Mother
               Insects
            
             .
          
           
             Insuccation
             ,
             or
             Mangonism
             .
          
           
             To
             Interr
             or
             Replant
             ,
             is
             to
             set
             
               Onions
               ,
               Tulips
            
             ,
             or
             any
             Boulbous
             Roots
             into
             the
             Earth
             again
             ,
             after
             they
             have
             been
             taken
             up
             all
             the
             dead
             of
             the
             Winter
             .
          
        
         
           
             K.
             
          
           
             A
             Kitchen
             or
             Olitory-Garden
             ,
             is
             a
             Garden
             chiefly
             made
             for
             Kitchen
             or
             Olitory
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Kitchen
             or
             Olitory
             Plants
             are
             all
             Plants
             that
             are
             usually
             Eaten
             ,
             and
             used
             in
             the
             Kitchen
             :
             See
             Olitory
             .
          
           
             Kernells
             are
             the
             Seeds
             of
             
               Apples
               ,
               Pears
            
             ,
             and
             Quinces
             ,
             which
             from
             them
             are
             called
             Kernel-Fruit
             in
             Contradistinction
             to
             such
             as
             come
             of
             stones
             ,
             as
             
               Plums
               ,
               Peaches
            
             ,
             &c.
             call'd
             Stone
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             
               Kernel
               Beds
            
             :
             See
             Beds
             .
          
           
             To
             Knit
             ,
             or
             set
             for
             Fruit
             ,
             said
             of
             Trees
             and
             Plants
             ,
             or
             their
             Blossoms
             ,
             when
             they
             begin
             to
             form
             their
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             The
             Knop
             of
             a
             Flower
             ,
             is
             the
             head
             case
             or
             cup
             wherein
             a
             Flower
             is
             contained
             whilst
             in
             Bud.
             
          
           
             Knotty
             said
             of
             Trees
             that
             are
             rugged
             and
             full
             of
             knobs
             .
          
           
             Garden
             knots
             ,
             are
             Flower-Plots
             ,
             or
             Plats
             ,
             and
             Beds
             of
             Flowers
             formed
             into
             curious
             intricate
             ,
             fanciful
             ,
             and
             delightful
             figures
             ,
             to
             please
             the
             Eye
             ,
             but
             seen
             from
             some
             Eminent
             terret
             or
             room
             .
          
        
         
           
             L.
             
          
           
             LAtter
             Fruits
             or
             Legumes
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             ripen
             late
             in
             the
             year
             .
          
           
             To
             lay
             ,
             or
             Couch
             ,
             is
             to
             lay
             down
             and
             cover
             some
             part
             of
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             suckers
             of
             some
             certain
             plants
             and
             Trees
             or
             shrubs
             in
             the
             Earth
             to
             make
             them
             take
             Root
             in
             order
             to
             be
             slipped
             off
             ,
             and
             Re-planted
             .
          
           
             Layers
             are
             such
             suckers
             ,
             as
             are
             so
             laid
             and
             couched
             .
          
           
             Lattices
             ,
             are
             the
             square
             works
             in
             wooden
             frames
             or
             Trellisses
             that
             support
             Wall
             or
             palisaded
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Seed
             Leaves
             ,
             are
             the
             first
             Leaves
             that
             Spring
             up
             like
             ears
             on
             each
             side
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             cleaving
             or
             sprouting
             of
             any
             Seed
             .
          
           
             Legumes
             ,
             are
             properly
             such
             as
             we
             call
             Pulse
             ,
             as
             
               Peas
               ,
               Beans
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             this
             Author
             often
             uses
             the
             word
             for
             all
             esculent
             or
             edible
             Kitchen
             plants
             .
          
           
             A
             Level
             ,
             is
             an
             even
             piece
             of
             Ground
             ,
             without
             any
             slope
             either
             rising
             or
             falling
             .
          
           
             A
             Level
             slope
             ,
             is
             a
             slope
             that
             rises
             or
             falls
             so
             gently
             and
             evenly
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             hardly
             discernible
             from
             a
             plain
             ,
             or
             true
             level
             .
             It
             is
             called
             in
             
               French
               Micote
            
             ,
             and
             when
             made
             so
             in
             digging
             ,
             a
             Talus
             .
          
           
             Light
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Limbs
             ,
             the
             main
             Branches
             of
             a
             Tree
             are
             called
             its
             Limbs
             .
          
           
             Losan
             ,
             and
             Loamy
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Litter
             is
             such
             Straw
             as
             is
             used
             to
             little
             Horses
             with
             which
             has
             not
             yet
             been
             used
             ,
             or
             converted
             into
             Dung.
             
          
           
             Loose
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Litter
             Counter
             Walls
             .
          
        
         
           
             M.
             
          
           
             MAlacotoons
             ,
             are
             Peaches
             which
             are
             clothed
             with
             a
             Cotton
             like
             Down
             .
          
           
             Mangonism
             ,
             is
             an
             Art
             used
             by
             some
             by
             the
             infusion
             of
             certain
             injuries
             or
             tinctures
             of
             several
             Colours
             ,
             or
             tastes
             ,
             infused
             into
             the
             Roots
             or
             stems
             of
             Plants
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             Flowers
             or
             Fruits
             ,
             the
             same
             taste
             or
             Colour
             .
             Which
             knowing
             Authour's
             condemn
             as
             vain
             .
          
           
             Mare
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             remains
             of
             the
             Grape
             after
             they
             are
             pressed
             ,
             it
             is
             also
             used
             to
             signifie
             ,
             the
             Gritte
             ,
             stony
             or
             Earthy
             part
             of
             a
             Pear
             or
             any
             Fruit
             that
             resists
             and
             disobliges
             both
             the
             Teeth
             and
             taste
             in
             Eating
             .
          
           
             Market
             or
             
               March
               Gard'ners
            
             :
             See
             Gardners
             .
          
           
             Marl
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             Chalkie
             and
             faultty
             substance
             used
             to
             warm
             and
             amend
             land
             ,
             that
             are
             cold
             and
             moist
             .
          
           
             
             Matts
             ,
             and
             Mattrasses
             are
             used
             to
             cover
             Plants
             with
             from
             the
             Cold.
             
          
           
             Melons
             ,
             and
             Muskmelons
             ,
             are
             known
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Their
             main
             Branches
             are
             called
             Vines
             ,
             to
             break
             of
             the
             tops
             of
             which
             Vines
             ,
             is
             called
             checking
             or
             stoping
             them
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             to
             arrest
             Melons
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Micote
             ,
             a
             gently
             rising
             and
             falling
             Ground
             hardly
             to
             be
             discerned
             from
             a
             level
             .
          
           
             Mellow
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Mildew
             ,
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             Honey
             dew
             ,
             that
             falling
             upon
             Plants
             ,
             blasts
             ,
             rots
             and
             spoils
             them
             .
          
           
             
               Milk
               Diet
            
             ,
             is
             Milk
             diluted
             or
             mix'd
             with
             water
             and
             discreetly
             let
             down
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             Orange-Trees
             ,
             or
             other
             like
             tender
             Exoticks
             ,
             and
             for
             curious
             Plants
             ,
             to
             refresh
             and
             recover
             them
             when
             sick
             ,
             by
             letting
             it
             gently
             drop
             out
             of
             the
             Vessel
             by
             a
             rag
             laid
             partly
             in
             the
             Milk
             and
             part
             of
             it
             out
             .
          
           
             
               Mother
               Insects
            
             :
             See
             Insects
             .
          
           
             
               Mother
               Branches
            
             :
             See
             Branches
             .
          
           
             Move
             ,
             as
             to
             Move
             ,
             stir
             ,
             turn
             up
             ,
             and
             new
             dress
             or
             turn
             up
             the
             Earth
             in
             any
             Place
             .
          
           
             Musk.
             
          
           
             Mural-Trees
             ,
             are
             Wall-Trees
             .
          
           
             Musked
             ,
             those
             Fruits
             are
             said
             to
             be
             Musked
             that
             have
             a
             rich
             spicy
             or
             winy
             taste
             ,
             and
             leave
             a
             smack
             of
             perfume
             in
             the
             Mouth
             ,
             and
             smell
             well
             .
          
           
             Mushrooms
             ,
             are
             certain
             fungous
             or
             spungy
             excrescentes
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             which
             are
             now
             highly
             prized
             in
             Sauces
             .
          
           
             Musty
             ,
             or
             Mouldy
             Dung
             that
             is
             so
             Mouldy
             that
             it
             begins
             to
             grow
             all
             Hairy
             with
             Hoariness
             ,
             is
             then
             fit
             to
             use
             to
             make
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             for
             Mushrooms
             :
             See
             Beds
             ,
             Dung
             ,
             Musty
             ,
             and
             Hoary
             .
          
        
         
           
             N.
             
          
           
             TO
             Nail
             up
             a
             Wall-Tree
             ,
             is
             to
             fasten
             well
             its
             Branches
             and
             palisade
             and
             Trellise
             it
             as
             it
             should
             be
             to
             keep
             it
             tight
             ,
             and
             in
             due
             shape
             and
             figure
             .
          
           
             The
             neck
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
             See
             foot
             .
          
           
             Nectarins
             called
             also
             Brugnons
             are
             smooth
             skin'd
             Peaches
             that
             cleave
             to
             their
             stones
             .
          
           
             To
             nip
             :
             See
             to
             pinch
             .
          
           
             Novelties
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             are
             such
             things
             as
             are
             forced
             to
             a
             maturity
             upon
             
               Hot
               Beds
            
             ,
             a
             considerable
             while
             before
             their
             natural
             time
             of
             ripening
             .
          
           
             
               Nursery
               Gardens
            
             or
             Seminaries
             ,
             are
             Gardens
             planted
             only
             with
             seedling
             or
             other
             stocks
             to
             Graff
             on
             ,
             or
             young
             Trees
             ready
             Graffed
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             have
             thom
             ready
             to
             transplant
             in
             other
             Gardens
             as
             occasion
             shall
             require
             .
          
           
             
               Nursery
               Beds
            
             or
             Seminary
             Beds
             ,
             are
             Beds
             where
             young
             plants
             ,
             or
             Herbs
             are
             sown
             or
             planted
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             be
             transplanted
             afterwards
             elsewhere
             .
          
        
         
           
             O.
             
          
           
             OFf-Sets
             are
             young
             kernell
             ▪
             Excrescences
             breeding
             from
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             Boulbous
             Roots
             ,
             which
             are
             round
             without
             and
             concave
             within
             ,
             which
             in
             time
             grow
             to
             be
             Bulbs
             themselves
             ,
             and
             serve
             for
             their
             propagation
             .
             In
             Garlick
             they
             are
             called
             Cloves
             .
          
           
             Onions
             is
             a
             common
             term
             in
             French
             for
             all
             Boulbous
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Odoriferous
             is
             said
             of
             all
             sweet
             scented
             plants
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             or
             Fruits
             .
             In
             Fruits
             this
             quality
             is
             termed
             by
             the
             
               French
               Musked
            
             ,
             or
             Perfumed
             .
          
           
             Orangist
             ,
             is
             a
             Gardner
             that
             cultivates
             Oranges
             ,
             or
             any
             person
             that
             understands
             and
             delights
             in
             the
             Culture
             of
             them
             .
          
           
             Orangery
             is
             a
             place
             stocked
             with
             
               Orange
               Trees
            
             ,
             whether
             within
             doors
             or
             without
             .
          
           
             Orchards
             ,
             or
             
               Hort-yards
               Ort-yards
            
             ,
             are
             inclosed
             pieces
             of
             Ground
             planted
             chiefly
             with
             
               Standards
               Fruit-Trees
            
             ,
             and
             more
             often
             fenced
             with
             Hedges
             ,
             or
             Ditches
             ,
             and
             other
             fences
             than
             with
             Walls
             .
          
        
         
           
             P.
             
          
           
             PAnach't
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             a
             
               Tulip
               ,
               Carnation
            
             or
             such
             like
             Flower
             when
             they
             are
             curiously
             striped
             ,
             and
             diversified
             with
             several
             Colours
             like
             a
             gaudy
             Plume
             of
             Feathers
             ,
             which
             the
             word
             properly
             signifies
             .
          
           
             To
             Palisade
             ,
             is
             to
             bend
             ,
             spread
             ,
             and
             couch
             Trees
             upon
             Trails
             or
             Trellisses
             ,
             or
             against
             Walls
             ,
             whence
             Trees
             are
             named
             
               Palisaded
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Paradise
               Apples
            
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             sweet
             Apple
             ,
             growing
             on
             small
             Trees
             very
             sit
             for
             some
             purposes
             of
             Graffing
             .
          
           
             To
             Graff
             upon
             Paradise
             ,
             is
             to
             Graff
             upon
             the
             stocks
             of
             such
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Parallel
             Allies
             ,
             are
             Allies
             of
             an-equal
             breadth
             through
             their
             whole
             length
             ,
             and
             running
             along
             in
             lines
             equally
             distant
             all
             along
             from
             the
             lines
             that
             compose
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Allies
             which
             answer
             them
             .
          
           
             Parterres
             ,
             are
             
               Flower
               Gardens
            
             ,
             or
             Flower
             plots
             in
             such
             Gardens
             .
          
           
             Under
             Pasture
             ,
             is
             Earth
             or
             mold
             taken
             up
             from
             under
             the
             Turf
             of
             good
             Meadow
             or
             Pasture
             Ground
             ,
             to
             carry
             into
             Gardens
             ,
             to
             mend
             or
             recruit
             the
             Soil
             .
          
           
             Pavies
             ,
             are
             Peaches
             that
             stick
             fast
             to
             their
             Stones
             .
          
           
             Peaches
             ,
             In
             a
             strict
             Sence
             in
             this
             Author
             ,
             are
             such
             only
             as
             loosen
             from
             their
             Stones
             .
          
           
             
               Stone
               Peaches
            
             are
             Peaches
             growing
             on
             a
             Tree
             ,
             sprung
             from
             a
             Stone
             without
             graffing
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Peg
             down
             ,
             is
             to
             fix
             down
             the
             Layers
             of
             any
             Plants
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             firm
             that
             they
             may
             take
             Root
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             Perfumed
             or
             Musked
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             has
             a
             spicy
             tast
             ,
             mixed
             with
             a
             smack
             both
             of
             the
             tast
             and
             smell
             of
             Musk
             ,
             or
             some
             such
             like
             perfume
             .
          
           
             To
             Perch
             ,
             is
             to
             inclose
             Trees
             or
             Plants
             with
             fences
             made
             with
             poles
             or
             perches
             laid
             cross
             one
             another
             ,
             to
             keep
             off
             Beasts
             and
             Boys
             .
          
           
             Perennial
             :
             See
             Ever-green
             .
          
           
             Pickets
             :
             See
             Spikes
             .
          
           
             To
             Pinch
             .
             See
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Pruning
             .
          
           
             The
             Pith
             ,
             is
             the
             sappy
             part
             of
             the
             Wood
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
           
             Plain
             or
             pure
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             a
             Flower
             that
             is
             but
             of
             one
             colour
             ,
             without
             being
             pannach't
             or
             striped
             :
             See
             Pure
             .
          
           
             To
             Plant
             or
             Set
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             used
             in
             Contradistinction
             to
             sowing
             .
          
           
             A
             Plant
             Merchant
             or
             Herborist
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             sufficiently
             known
             .
          
           
             A
             Plantation
             ,
             is
             a
             piece
             of
             Ground
             stocked
             with
             plants
             of
             any
             sort
             ,
             or
             of
             many
             kinds
             .
          
           
             A
             Plot
             ,
             as
             a
             
               Garden
               Plot
            
             ,
             is
             a
             piece
             of
             Ground
             modelled
             out
             ready
             for
             planting
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             design
             of
             the
             Plantation
             .
          
           
             To
             Plump
             or
             fill
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Fruits
             when
             they
             begin
             to
             grow
             bulky
             ,
             and
             towards
             ripening
             .
          
           
             To
             Pome
             or
             Apple
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             the
             Heads
             of
             Artichokes
             when
             they
             grow
             round
             ,
             and
             full
             shaped
             as
             an
             Apple
             .
             It
             is
             said
             also
             of
             Lettuce
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Pomace
             ,
             is
             the
             mash
             which
             remains
             of
             pressed
             Apples
             ,
             after
             the
             Sider
             is
             made
             ,
             used
             for
             producing
             of
             Seedling
             Stocks
             in
             Nursery-Gardens
             .
          
           
             To
             Pot
             ,
             is
             to
             put
             or
             sow
             any
             Seed
             or
             Plant
             that
             is
             tender
             or
             curious
             into
             a
             Pot
             ,
             for
             its
             better
             and
             safer
             Cultivation
             .
          
           
             Potagery
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             signifying
             all
             sorts
             of
             Herbs
             or
             Kitchen-plants
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             concerns
             them
             ,
             considered
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             Pot-Herbs
             ,
             are
             always
             used
             in
             the
             Pot
             or
             Kitchen
             .
          
           
             Powdret
             ,
             is
             the
             dryed
             Powder
             of
             Occidental
             Civet
             ,
             otherwise
             called
             human
             Dung
             ,
             used
             by
             some
             to
             the
             Roots
             of
             Orange-Trees
             ,
             but
             condemned
             by
             the
             Author
             .
          
           
             To
             Prick
             ,
             is
             to
             pull
             up
             young
             Seedlings
             ,
             where
             they
             grow
             too
             close
             and
             thick
             in
             the
             
               Nursery
               Beds
            
             ,
             and
             prick
             them
             into
             other
             Beds
             at
             more
             distance
             .
          
           
             To
             Prop
             ,
             is
             to
             prop
             up
             any
             Plants
             with
             Perches
             ,
             forked
             Sticks
             ,
             or
             Poles
             ,
             such
             as
             
               Hops
               ,
               Vines
               ,
               Peas
               ,
               French-Beans
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             Prime
             ,
             and
             its
             several
             ways
             .
             See
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Pruning
             .
          
           
             Pulp
             ,
             is
             the
             inward
             Substance
             or
             fleshy
             part
             of
             any
             Fruit
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             are
             several
             sorts
             ,
             as
             Buttred
             and
             melting
             Pulp
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             is
             melting
             and
             sweet
             in
             the
             Mouth
             ,
             like
             Butter
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             that
             of
             the
             
               Butter-pear
               ,
               Bergamots
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Short
             Pulp
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             breaks
             short
             in
             eating
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             that
             of
             Pears
             ,
             that
             are
             firm
             without
             being
             hard
             ,
             and
             that
             crackle
             between
             the
             Teeth
             in
             eating
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             tough
             harsh
             and
             hard
             in
             certain
             Pear
             ,
             that
             have
             nothing
             of
             fine
             or
             delicate
             ,
             as
             in
             
               Catillac's
               ,
               Double-flowers
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Mealy
             ,
             when
             it
             eats
             dry
             and
             mealy
             ,
             as
             in
             over
             ripe
             
               Dean-pears
               ,
               Cadet-pears
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Doughy
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             fattish
             and
             disagreeably
             soft
             like
             Dough
             ,
             as
             in
             white
             
               Butter-pears
               ,
               Lansacs
            
             that
             grow
             in
             theshade
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Tender
             ,
             in
             certain
             Pears
             ,
             that
             though
             they
             be
             neither
             melting
             nor
             short
             ,
             yet
             are
             tender
             and
             excellent
             ,
             without
             being
             soft
             ,
             fatty
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             distastful
             ,
             as
             in
             unknown
             
               Chaineaus
               Vine
               Pears
            
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             some
             Pears
             have
             sower
             taste
             ,
             as
             the
             St.
             
               Germain
               Pears
            
             ,
             and
             some
             sharp
             and
             biting
             as
             the
             Crasauns
             .
          
           
             A
             Punaise
             or
             Bug
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             a
             Tyke
             that
             preys
             upon
             Plants
             ,
             as
             the
             stinking
             Bugs
             of
             the
             same
             Name
             do
             Human
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             Pure
             .
             See
             Plain
             .
          
        
         
           
             Q.
             
          
           
             
               QUince
               Stocks
            
             ,
             that
             are
             smooth
             ,
             strait
             ,
             vigorous
             ,
             and
             fit
             to
             graff
             upon
             ,
             the
             Author
             calls
             Coignassiers
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             are
             rough
             ,
             knotty
             and
             skrubbed
             and
             unfit
             ,
             he
             calls
             Coigniers
             .
             But
             he
             believes
             them
             not
             Male
             and
             Female
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             vulgar
             Fancy
             .
             Of
             these
             the
             Portugal
             are
             best
             .
          
        
         
           
             R.
             
          
           
             RAke
             ,
             a
             Gard'ners
             Rake
             whether
             of
             Wood
             or
             Iron
             ,
             is
             well
             enough
             known
             ,
             and
             the
             action
             of
             using
             it
             .
          
           
             Rame
             and
             Ramberge
             ,
             are
             terms
             used
             of
             Melons
             ,
             when
             instead
             of
             a
             pleasant
             ,
             they
             have
             a
             stinking
             and
             filthy
             taste
             contracted
             from
             the
             neighbourhood
             of
             some
             stinking
             Weeds
             ,
             or
             being
             too
             near
             the
             Dung
             ,
             the
             same
             happens
             to
             hasty
             Asparagus
             from
             the
             
               Hot
               Bed.
            
             
          
           
             To
             Range
             ,
             is
             to
             place
             in
             good
             order
             ,
             or
             plant
             even
             in
             a
             Line
             .
          
           
             Rank
             Earth
             :
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Random
             Plants
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             having
             been
             smothered
             ,
             and
             deprived
             too
             much
             of
             Light
             and
             Air
             ,
             or
             oppressed
             with
             any
             weight
             ,
             grow
             white
             small
             Curl'd
             and
             crooked
             ,
             and
             slim
             ,
             like
             such
             we
             find
             under
             great
             Stones
             or
             Logs
             when
             we
             take
             them
             up
             .
             See
             Estioler
             .
          
           
             
             To
             Recreate
             ,
             is
             to
             turn
             up
             Ground
             ,
             and
             recruit
             it
             with
             some
             heartning
             and
             fatning
             Mold
             or
             Mixtures
             ,
             and
             convenient
             waterings
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Red
             Winds
             ,
             are
             the
             dry
             and
             blasting
             
               North
               East
            
             Winds
             ,
             that
             Reign
             in
             March
             and
             April
             .
          
           
             To
             Refresh
             ,
             is
             said
             in
             two
             Senses
             ,
             viz
             First
             ,
             Trees
             are
             refreshed
             by
             Ablaqueation
             i.
             e.
             by
             laying
             their
             Roots
             bare
             ,
             and
             retrenching
             their
             decayed
             and
             superfluous
             Roots
             ,
             and
             recruiting
             them
             with
             good
             fresh
             Earth
             ,
             or
             well
             tempered
             Mould
             ,
             or
             by
             turning
             up
             side
             down
             ,
             and
             well
             dressing
             and
             stirring
             the
             old
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             To
             Refresh
             ,
             is
             likewise
             to
             water
             Trees
             or
             Plants
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             feed
             them
             ,
             and
             diet
             them
             with
             Water
             diluted
             with
             Milk
             ,
             or
             well
             tinged
             with
             Dung
             ,
             or
             other
             rich
             ingredients
             ,
             or
             with
             Bloud
             ,
             or
             other
             fatning
             and
             nourishing
             things
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             Sick.
             
          
           
             To
             Release
             :
             See
             Unbind
             .
          
           
             Retrench
             .
          
           
             Rye-Straw
             ,
             being
             long
             firm
             ,
             and
             steept
             in
             Water
             to
             make
             it
             pliable
             ,
             is
             used
             to
             make
             Bands
             to
             tie
             up
             Lettuce
             or
             Cellery
             ,
             &c.
             to
             whiten
             ,
             or
             wads
             to
             wrap
             about
             them
             ,
             or
             covers
             to
             cover
             them
             or
             other
             Plants
             ,
             and
             some
             tender
             Trees
             in
             Winter
             .
             See
             Stram
             :
          
           
             A
             Ridge
             ,
             is
             a
             double
             Slope
             between
             two
             Furrows
             ,
             in
             any
             digged
             or
             plowed
             Land
             :
             See
             Slope
             .
          
           
             Roses
             ,
             or
             Arroses
             fine
             ,
             are
             gentle
             waterings
             .
          
           
             Rossane
             ,
             is
             a
             Name
             for
             all
             
               Yellow
               Peaches
            
             .
          
           
             Roots
             ,
             such
             Plants
             whose
             Roots
             are
             most
             in
             use
             ,
             are
             called
             often
             simply
             by
             that
             Name
             ,
             as
             
               Carrots
               ,
               Turneps
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Rub
             ,
             as
             to
             rub
             of
             superfluous
             Buds
             .
             See
             it
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Pruning
             .
          
           
             Rust
             ,
             is
             the
             effect
             of
             Blasting
             or
             Mildew
             .
          
        
         
           
             S.
             
          
           
             THE
             Salt
             of
             the
             Earth
             so
             called
             in
             Gard'ning
             Terms
             ,
             is
             a
             certain
             Spirit
             which
             renders
             its
             Fertile
             ,
             supposed
             to
             be
             communicated
             by
             the
             rays
             of
             the
             Sun
             tempered
             with
             the
             nitrous
             parts
             off
             the
             Air
             and
             Dew
             .
          
           
             Sand
             ,
             and
             
               Sandy
               Earth
            
             .
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Sap
             ,
             is
             the
             radical
             moisture
             or
             Juice
             that
             nourishes
             a
             Plant.
             
          
           
             Saped
             ,
             see
             Sobbed
             ,
             is
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             too
             much
             soaked
             in
             Water
             .
          
           
             Scar
             ,
             is
             a
             gash
             which
             remains
             after
             the
             cutting
             or
             pruning
             of
             a
             Tree
             .
          
           
             To
             Scrape
             ,
             as
             to
             scarpe
             off
             Moss
             ,
             Spawn
             or
             Eggs
             of
             Vermines
             &c.
             needs
             no
             Explication
             .
          
           
             Scions
             :
             See
             Cions
             .
          
           
             A
             Scoop
             ,
             to
             scoop
             out
             Water
             ,
             and
             the
             use
             of
             it
             are
             things
             well
             known
             .
          
           
             Screens
             or
             Skreens
             ,
             are
             inventions
             made
             of
             Straw
             or
             other
             Matter
             ,
             to
             shelter
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Scutcheon
             ,
             or
             Escutcheon
             ,
             a
             Term
             of
             Graffing
             .
             See
             it
             explained
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Graffing
             part
             .
          
           
             Season
             ,
             a
             thing
             is
             said
             to
             be
             in
             Season
             while
             it
             continues
             fit
             to
             eat
             .
          
           
             Seedlings
             ,
             are
             little
             young
             Plants
             ,
             sprung
             from
             Seeds
             or
             Kirnels
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             form
             Stocks
             fit
             to
             graff
             on
             .
             Thus
             we
             say
             ,
             an
             Apple
             Seedling
             ,
             a
             Seedling
             Orange-Tree
             .
          
           
             Seed-Leaves
             :
             See
             Leaves
             .
          
           
             Seminaries
             are
             Nursery
             Beds
             ,
             or
             Gardens
             See
             Nursery
             .
          
           
             To
             Set
             ,
             is
             to
             plant
             with
             the
             Hand
             as
             distinguisht
             from
             sowing
             .
          
           
             
               Well
               Set
            
             ,
             or
             Budded
             .
             See
             Budded
             .
          
           
             To
             Settle
             ,
             is
             the
             sinking
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             grow
             firm
             ,
             after
             digging
             or
             plowing
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             tilling
             ,
             or
             of
             a
             
               Hot
               Bed
            
             after
             its
             great
             and
             first
             heat
             is
             past
             .
          
           
             To
             Sever
             ,
             is
             to
             sever
             that
             end
             of
             any
             young
             Graff
             that
             is
             graffed
             by
             Inarching
             ,
             or
             a
             pqroach
             from
             the
             Stock
             on
             which
             it
             grew
             ,
             when
             the
             other
             end
             of
             it
             has
             taken
             good
             hold
             and
             footing
             in
             the
             Stock
             ,
             into
             which
             it
             was
             graffed
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             also
             of
             rooted
             Layers
             when
             slipt
             off
             ,
             from
             their
             old
             Stock
             .
          
           
             To
             Shed
             ,
             Fruit
             Trees
             are
             said
             to
             shed
             their
             Flowers
             or
             Blossoms
             ,
             when
             blasted
             or
             nipt
             by
             Winds
             or
             Frosts
             ,
             they
             fall
             off
             without
             producing
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             To
             Shoot
             ,
             is
             the
             same
             as
             to
             spring
             or
             sprout
             out
             .
          
           
             Shoots
             ,
             are
             such
             young
             Branches
             as
             shoot
             out
             every
             year
             .
          
           
             To
             Shrivel
             or
             Fold
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Leaves
             Blasted
             ,
             or
             dying
             Trees
             or
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Shrubs
             ,
             are
             small
             kind
             of
             Trees
             ,
             of
             a
             midling
             sort
             between
             Trees
             and
             Herbs
             .
          
           
             Slips
             ,
             are
             Suckers
             slipt
             off
             from
             any
             Trees
             or
             Plants
             ,
             to
             set
             again
             ,
             to
             propagate
             them
             .
          
           
             To
             Smooth
             ,
             is
             to
             pare
             or
             cut
             even
             a
             large
             Bough
             with
             a
             pruning
             Knife
             ,
             after
             it
             is
             sawed
             off
             .
          
           
             Smut
             ,
             is
             the
             Blacking
             or
             Smutting
             of
             Corn
             or
             other
             Plants
             ,
             that
             happens
             to
             them
             in
             some
             Years
             .
          
           
             Snivel
             called
             Morve
             ,
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             rotting
             moisture
             ,
             hanging
             about
             some
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Spicy
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             all
             hot
             scented
             and
             tasted
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Spikes
             are
             separated
             Sticks
             ,
             fixed
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             Beds
             ,
             or
             in
             Rows
             where
             Trees
             are
             to
             be
             planted
             ,
             to
             guide
             the
             Eye
             to
             keep
             them
             in
             a
             direct
             Line
             .
          
           
             Spindles
             are
             those
             stalks
             in
             stocks
             or
             Tusts
             
             of
             Carnations
             or
             Clove-gilliflowers
             ,
             that
             bear
             the
             Flowers
             .
          
           
             Spit
             ,
             is
             the
             depth
             a
             Spade
             pierces
             into
             the
             Ground
             ,
             as
             one
             Spit
             deep
             ,
             two
             Spit
             deep
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Sprigs
             ,
             are
             small
             young
             Shoots
             .
          
           
             Sprouts
             ,
             are
             young
             green
             Shoots
             .
          
           
             A
             Stalk
             is
             said
             of
             that
             part
             that
             bears
             any
             Fruit
             immediately
             ,
             and
             tacks
             it
             to
             the
             Branch
             on
             which
             it
             grows
             .
             It
             is
             also
             the
             stem
             of
             any
             Plant
             or
             Herb
             that
             is
             not
             a
             Tree
             or
             Shrub
             .
          
           
             Standards
             are
             tall
             Bodied
             Trees
             ,
             growing
             in
             open
             Ground
             .
          
           
             Stake
             .
          
           
             Squatted
             .
             See
             Cotty
             .
          
           
             Stem
             ,
             is
             the
             Body
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             between
             the
             Foot
             and
             the
             Head.
             
          
           
             Stick
             ,
             is
             said
             properly
             of
             a
             strait
             Stem
             ,
             that
             runs
             up
             high
             and
             upright
             all
             the
             way
             without
             any
             Branches
             ,
             till
             just
             at
             the
             top
             .
          
           
             Sticky
             or
             Stringy
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Roots
             ,
             when
             not
             kindly
             or
             running
             to
             Seed
             .
          
           
             Stiff
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             some
             Earth
             .
             See
             Earth
             .
          
           
             To
             stir
             ,
             or
             stir
             up
             ,
             is
             gently
             to
             move
             the
             Earth
             without
             diging
             or
             plowing
             it
             ;
             though
             sometimes
             it
             be
             used
             for
             any
             sort
             of
             Tillage
             .
          
           
             A
             stock
             ,
             is
             the
             stem
             or
             Body
             of
             a
             Tree
             upon
             which
             after
             due
             trimming
             and
             preparation
             the
             Graff
             ,
             or
             Cion
             of
             another
             Tree
             is
             Graffed
             .
          
           
             To
             top
             ,
             is
             by
             pinching
             ,
             breaking
             ,
             cutting
             ,
             or
             treading
             the
             Branches
             or
             main
             stalks
             of
             Trees
             or
             other
             plants
             ,
             the
             sap
             is
             checked
             ot
             stopped
             from
             mounting
             upwards
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             strait
             forwards
             .
          
           
             Stool
             ,
             the
             crooked
             bottom
             part
             of
             an
             Artichoke
             slip
             by
             which
             it
             is
             fastned
             to
             the
             main
             Root
             ,
             is
             called
             its
             stool
             .
          
           
             To
             strike
             Root
             ,
             Any
             new
             planted
             Tree
             ,
             layer
             ,
             slip
             ,
             or
             cutting
             is
             said
             to
             strike
             Root
             ,
             when
             it
             begins
             first
             to
             take
             Root
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             take
             new
             Root
             ,
             after
             its
             planting
             .
          
           
             To
             strip
             ,
             is
             to
             despoil
             a
             Tree
             of
             its
             Leaves
             Fruit
             ,
             bark
             ,
             or
             Branches
             that
             form
             not
             the
             Head.
             
          
           
             Striped
             is
             said
             of
             Flowers
             diversified
             with
             streakes
             of
             several
             Colours
             ,
             as
             
               Tulips
               ,
               Carnations
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             string
             ,
             as
             to
             string
             Straw-berry
             plants
             is
             to
             clear
             them
             of
             their
             superfluous
             strings
             and
             runners
             .
          
           
             Strings
             :
             See
             sticky
             .
          
           
             A
             stone
             ,
             is
             the
             Seed
             of
             any
             Fruit
             ,
             which
             is
             enclosed
             in
             a
             woody
             shell
             hard
             like
             a
             stone
             ,
             which
             from
             thence
             is
             called
             stone
             Fruit
             ,
             as
             
               Plums
               ,
               Peaches
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             A
             stone
             Peach
             ,
             is
             a
             Peach
             growing
             upon
             a
             Tree
             sprung
             from
             a
             stone
             without
             Graffing
             .
          
           
             Stub
             .
          
           
             Stump
             ,
             is
             the
             Trunk
             or
             stock
             of
             a
             Tree
             cut
             down
             very
             low
             ,
             or
             a
             Branch
             cut
             very
             close
             .
          
           
             To
             cut
             or
             Prune
             stump
             wise
             :
             See
             it
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             
               Graffing
               Pruning
            
             .
          
           
             Surface
             and
             supersicies
             ,
             is
             the
             outward
             or
             upper
             crust
             of
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Surface
             Earth
             ,
             is
             that
             Earth
             or
             mold
             that
             is
             uppermost
             ,
             and
             exposed
             to
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             Suckers
             ,
             are
             young
             Cions
             or
             slips
             commonly
             growing
             from
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Roots
             ,
             ot
             else
             of
             the
             main
             joints
             of
             any
             plant
             or
             Tree
             ,
             sit
             to
             be
             slipt
             off
             ,
             and
             planted
             or
             Graffed
             .
          
           
             Sweet
             Herbs
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             the
             French
             call
             sine
             Herbs
             ,
             as
             
               Rosemary
               ,
               Marjerome
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             T.
             
          
           
             A
             Tendrel
             ,
             is
             a
             young
             tender
             shoot
             of
             a
             Vine
             or
             other
             Fruit-Tree
             that
             is
             not
             yet
             hardned
             or
             grown
             Woody
             .
          
           
             A
             Terrass
             ,
             is
             an
             artificial
             bank
             or
             mount
             of
             Earth
             ,
             commonly
             supported
             with
             a
             fronting
             or
             facing
             of
             stone
             ,
             and
             raised
             like
             a
             kind
             :
             of
             Bulwark
             for
             the
             ornament
             of
             a
             Garden
             .
          
           
             To
             thin
             ,
             is
             to
             pick
             off
             Fruit
             ,
             pull
             up
             Herbs
             and
             Roots
             ,
             or
             cut
             away
             Branches
             when
             they
             grow
             too
             thick
             ,
             that
             the
             rest
             may
             thrive
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             To
             Ticket
             ,
             is
             to
             fasten
             Tickets
             or
             notes
             about
             Fruit-Trees
             containg
             their
             names
             and
             order
             to
             distinguish
             them
             .
          
           
             To
             Till
             ,
             is
             to
             dig
             ,
             delve
             ,
             plow
             ,
             and
             otherwise
             dress
             or
             prepare
             the
             Ground
             for
             planting
             or
             sowing
             .
          
           
             Toise
             or
             Fathom
             is
             a
             measure
             of
             six
             foot
             see
             Fathom
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Cubical
               Toise
            
             is
             the
             216
             foot
             every
             way
             of
             any
             thing
             measur'd
             by
             the
             Toise
             or
             Fathom
             .
          
           
             Ton
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             Worm
             or
             Maggot
             that
             gnaws
             Straw-berry
             Roots
             .
          
           
             A
             Trail
             is
             a
             Trelliss
             ,
             or
             Lattice
             frame
             made
             for
             the
             support
             of
             Wall
             and
             palisaded
             Trees
             .
          
           
             To
             Transplant
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             up
             any
             thing
             out
             of
             the
             Bed
             or
             place
             where
             it
             was
             sown
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             grown
             to
             a
             fit
             bigness
             ,
             and
             to
             plant
             or
             set
             in
             another
             place
             where
             't
             is
             to
             remain
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             improved
             to
             a
             greater
             perfection
             .
          
           
             To
             Tread
             ,
             is
             used
             in
             more
             sences
             than
             one
             ,
             as
             to
             tread
             down
             Earth
             about
             Trees
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             make
             it
             settle
             firmly
             ,
             &c.
             or
             to
             tread
             ,
             as
             the
             the
             tops
             of
             
               Carrots
               ,
               Parsnips
            
             ,
             &c.
             are
             troden
             down
             to
             keep
             the
             sap
             from
             mounting
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             nourish
             the
             Roots
             the
             better
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             Trench
             ,
             is
             to
             dig
             the
             Ground
             up
             ,
             and
             
             to
             make
             Trenches
             ,
             furrows
             and
             holes
             to
             plant
             
               Trees
               ,
               Artichokes
            
             ,
             &c.
             in
             .
          
           
             Trenches
             ,
             are
             Furrows
             with
             Holes
             fitted
             for
             Trees
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             Trelliss
             ,
             is
             to
             pallisade
             ,
             nail
             up
             and
             fasten
             Trees
             upon
             Walls
             ,
             or
             Pole-Hedges
             ,
             and
             on
             wooden
             Trails
             or
             Trelisses
             .
          
           
             A
             Truss
             of
             Hay
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             well
             known
             To
             Truss
             up
             ,
             is
             to
             raise
             up
             a
             Branch
             of
             a
             Wall-Tree
             that
             hangs
             down
             ,
             and
             tack
             it
             up
             fast
             ,
             that
             the
             Fruit
             may
             not
             break
             it
             ,
             or
             disfigure
             the
             Tree
             by
             Swagging
             it
             down
             with
             its
             weight
             .
          
           
             To
             Turn
             up
             or
             loosen
             the
             Earth
             :
             See
             stir
             ,
             and
             Till
             .
          
           
             A
             Turf
             ,
             is
             either
             a
             Turf
             of
             Grass
             with
             its
             Earth
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             Earth
             that
             hangs
             firm
             about
             the
             Root
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             or
             Plant
             or
             Tuft
             of
             any
             Plant
             that
             grows
             in
             Tufts
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             pulled
             up
             .
          
           
             Tuft
             ,
             is
             a
             knot
             of
             Roots
             or
             Boughs
             ,
             as
             't
             were
             united
             together
             in
             one
             round
             Body
             or
             Cluster
             ;
             so
             we
             say
             ,
             a
             Tufted
             or
             Bushy
             Tree
             ,
             a
             Tuft
             of
             Strawberries
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Tyger-Babbs
             ,
             are
             a
             sort
             of
             pestilent
             insects
             ,
             infesting
             Wall-Pears
             ,
             and
             Pear-Trees
             .
          
        
         
           
             V.
             
          
           
             VEin
             ,
             as
             a
             Vein
             of
             Earth
             is
             said
             Comparatively
             of
             some
             parts
             of
             a
             Garden
             that
             produce
             better
             or
             worse
             than
             other
             parts
             of
             it
             ,
             whence
             we
             say
             ,
             here
             is
             a
             good
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             a
             Bad
             Vein
             of
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Vegetables
             ,
             are
             all
             sorts
             of
             living
             Plants
             ,
             Trees
             ,
             or
             Herbs
             that
             grow
             .
          
           
             Vegetation
             ,
             is
             the
             springing
             or
             growing
             of
             any
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Verdures
             ,
             is
             a
             Term
             denoting
             all
             Plants
             whose
             green
             Leaves
             chiefly
             are
             in
             use
             .
          
           
             Vermine
             are
             all
             mischtevous
             Creatures
             that
             hurt
             plants
             .
          
           
             Vigorous
             .
          
           
             To
             Vindemiate
             ,
             is
             to
             gather
             Grapes
             and
             make
             them
             into
             Wine
             .
          
           
             Vine-yard
             ,
             is
             a
             piece
             of
             Tilled
             Ground
             planted
             with
             Vines
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             make
             Wine
             .
          
           
             
               Vine
               Dressers
            
             ,
             are
             those
             Husbandmen
             that
             order
             and
             dress
             the
             Vines
             .
          
           
             Vines
             of
             Melons
             ,
             are
             their
             main
             running
             Branches
             ,
             so
             called
             ,
             because
             they
             run
             along
             like
             Vine
             Branches
             .
          
           
             Vinous
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             a
             Winy
             tast
             and
             smell
             or
             flavour
             in
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             To
             Unbind
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             off
             the
             Bands
             of
             a
             Graff
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             well
             fixed
             :
             See
             Release
             .
          
           
             To
             Uncase
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             any
             Plant
             out
             of
             its
             Case
             .
          
           
             
               Under
               Pasture
            
             ,
             is
             Mold
             taken
             from
             under
             the
             Turf
             of
             choice
             pasture
             Ground
             ,
             to
             improve
             the
             Soil
             of
             Gardens
             with
             .
          
           
             Unhealthy
             ,
             is
             said
             of
             Melons
             or
             Cucumbers
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             troubled
             with
             a
             kind
             of
             Whiteness
             that
             decays
             them
             .
          
           
             To
             Unpot
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             Plants
             out
             of
             Pots
             .
          
        
         
           
             W.
             
          
           
             WAds
             of
             Straw
             .
             See
             Wrap
             and
             Straw
             .
          
           
             Walks
             .
             See
             Allies
             .
          
           
             
               Carpet
               Walks
            
             .
             See
             Carpet
             .
          
           
             Wall-Trees
             ,
             are
             Trees
             nailed
             ,
             couched
             ,
             and
             spread
             or
             displayed
             in
             a
             Decent
             and
             profitable
             Form
             against
             Walls
             .
          
           
             Wasps
             ,
             are
             known
             insects
             :
             See
             Cucurbits
             .
          
           
             
               Water
               Courses
            
             ,
             are
             drains
             to
             carry
             off
             Water
             .
             See
             
               Drains
               Dykes
               ,
               Gutters
            
             .
          
           
             To
             Wean
             or
             Sever
             :
             See
             Sever.
             
          
           
             Weeds
             ,
             are
             all
             noisom
             Herbs
             that
             annoy
             the
             useful
             Plants
             in
             a
             Garden
             .
          
           
             To
             Weep
             or
             Bleed
             said
             of
             Vines
             .
             See
             Bleed
             .
          
           
             Windfalls
             ,
             are
             Fruit
             which
             the
             Wind
             blows
             from
             the
             Trees
             .
          
           
             
               Red
               Winds
            
             .
             See
             Red.
             
          
           
             Winter-greens
             are
             such
             Plants
             as
             are
             green
             all
             Winter
             .
             See
             Ever-greens
             .
          
           
             Wicks
             .
             See
             Wrap
             .
          
           
             Wood
             ,
             is
             the
             substantial
             part
             of
             a
             Tree
             ,
             that
             is
             solid
             and
             not
             tender
             .
          
           
             
               Wood
               Branches
            
             .
             See
             Branches
             .
          
           
             To
             Whiten
             ,
             is
             to
             use
             art
             by
             Dunging
             ,
             Earthing
             ,
             tying
             up
             ,
             &c.
             to
             whiten
             Plants
             ,
             and
             sweeten
             them
             to
             the
             tast
             .
          
           
             To
             Wound
             ,
             is
             so
             to
             cut
             Trees
             in
             Pruning
             or
             otherwise
             as
             to
             hurt
             them
             ,
             and
             such
             hurts
             are
             called
             Wounds
             .
          
           
             To
             Wrap
             ,
             as
             to
             wrap
             up
             Plants
             ,
             or
             tender
             Trees
             with
             Wads
             or
             VVisps
             of
             Straw
             ,
             to
             keep
             them
             from
             the
             Frost
             .
          
        
         
           
             Y.
             
          
           
             YEllow
             Peaches
             
               are
               call'd
            
             Rossanes
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           ADVERTISEMENT
           .
        
         
           THe
           best
           Pruning-knives
           ,
           and
           other
           Instruments
           for
           Gard'ning
           ,
           made
           according
           to
           the
           Directions
           of
           
             Mounsr.
             de
             la
             Quintinye
          
           when
           last
           in
           London
           ,
           are
           Sold
           at
           Mrs.
           Gillyflowers
           a
           Toy-Shop
           ,
           next
           to
           the
           Kings-Bench
           in
           Westminster-Hall
           the
           Corner-Shop
           .
        
         
         
         
         
         
      
       
         
         
           
             
               The
               Kings
               Kitchen
               Garden
               at
               Versailles
               .
               Pag
               :
               1.
               
               Tom
               :
               1.
               
            
             ground plan of the king's kitchen garden
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             
               
               OF
               FRUIT-GARDENS
               AND
               Kitchen-Gardens
               .
               VOL.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 PART
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     Necessary
                     it
                     is
                     for
                     a
                     Gentleman
                     ,
                     who
                     designs
                     to
                     have
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     at
                     least
                     reasonably
                     Instructed
                     in
                     what
                     relates
                     to
                     those
                     Kind
                     of
                     Gardens
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THAT
                   Part
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   I
                   begin
                   to
                   treat
                   of
                   here
                   ,
                   certainly
                   affords
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   who
                   understands
                   and
                   applies
                   himself
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   very
                   Gard'ning
                   being
                   manag'd
                   by
                   an
                   unskilful
                   lazy
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   is
                   liable
                   to
                   many
                   Inconveniencies
                   ,
                   and
                   Vexations
                   .
                   These
                   are
                   Two
                   Noted
                   and
                   undeniable
                   Truths
                   ,
                   since
                   nothing
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   requires
                   more
                   Foresight
                   and
                   Activity
                   than
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   perpetual
                   Motion
                   ,
                   which
                   inclines
                   them
                   always
                   to
                   Act
                   either
                   for
                   Good
                   or
                   Ill
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   or
                   ill
                   Conduct
                   of
                   their
                   Master
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   largely
                   recompence
                   the
                   Ingenious
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   severely
                   punish
                   the
                   Unskilful
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Proof
                   of
                   my
                   first
                   Proposition
                   consists
                   in
                   that
                   certainly
                   nothing
                   affords
                   more
                   Delight
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Garden
                   well
                   seated
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   largeness
                   ,
                   and
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   perhaps
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   Contriving
                   or
                   Modelling
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   that
                   Garden
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   not
                   only
                   Neat
                   ,
                   for
                   Walking
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   divert
                   the
                   Sight
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   abounding
                   in
                   good
                   Things
                   to
                   please
                   the
                   Pallate
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   Health
                   .
                
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   daily
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   some
                   new
                   Thing
                   or
                   other
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Sow
                   ,
                   to
                   Plant
                   ,
                   to
                   Prune
                   ,
                   to
                   Pallisade
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   Plants
                   grow
                   ,
                   Legumes
                   thrive
                   ,
                   
                     Trees
                     Blossom
                     ;
                     Fruit
                  
                   Knitting
                   ,
                   then
                   Thickning
                   ,
                   Colouring
                   ,
                   Ripening
                   ,
                   at
                   last
                   come
                   to
                   Gather
                   them
                   ,
                   Taste
                   them
                   ,
                   Treat
                   ones
                   Friends
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   hear
                   their
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   Goodness
                   and
                   Abundance
                   commended
                   ;
                   all
                   which
                   Things
                   together
                   certainly
                   form
                   a
                   very
                   agreeable
                   Idea
                   ,
                   which
                   affords
                   a
                   World
                   of
                   Variety
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   prove
                   my
                   second
                   Proposition
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   only
                   need
                   in
                   few
                   Words
                   to
                   Enumerate
                   all
                   the
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   our
                   Gard'ning
                   is
                   Threatned
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   Dishonour'd
                   when
                   it
                   wants
                   Culture
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   well
                   known
                   ,
                   nothing
                   being
                   so
                   common
                   as
                   to
                   hear
                   Complaints
                   of
                   that
                   Kind
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   both
                   Pleasures
                   and
                   Vexations
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   as
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Pleasures
                   are
                   reserved
                   for
                   Skilful
                   ,
                   Active
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Vexations
                   infallibly
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   either
                   Lazy
                   or
                   Unskilful
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   allowed
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   are
                   neither
                   to
                   be
                   excused
                   or
                   pitied
                   ,
                   who
                   instead
                   of
                   improving
                   the
                   Advantages
                   they
                   expected
                   from
                   their
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   are
                   reduced
                   to
                   the
                   Misery
                   of
                   laying
                   out
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Money
                   ,
                   with
                   Loss
                   ,
                   Disgust
                   and
                   cause
                   of
                   Anger
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   While
                   others
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Skill
                   have
                   avoided
                   all
                   those
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   and
                   enjoy
                   all
                   the
                   Delights
                   ;
                   from
                   whence
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   an
                   Ingenious
                   Man
                   designs
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   so
                   suitable
                   to
                   that
                   Qualification
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   absolutely
                   think
                   of
                   attaining
                   some
                   Skill
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   not
                   meddle
                   with
                   it
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   grand
                   Question
                   is
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   whether
                   that
                   Skill
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   think
                   so
                   necessary
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   acquir'd
                   with
                   ease
                   or
                   difficulty
                   ,
                   now
                   to
                   take
                   a
                   just
                   Medium
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   know
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   easie
                   to
                   acquire
                   that
                   Skil
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   persuaded
                   that
                   many
                   Gentlemen
                   would
                   be
                   desirous
                   to
                   attain
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   naturally
                   every
                   Body
                   desires
                   it
                   .
                   I
                   am
                   likewise
                   persuaded
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   such
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   considerable
                   already
                   ,
                   had
                   there
                   been
                   sufficient
                   Instructions
                   for
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Second
                   Case
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   difficult
                   to
                   attain
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Skill
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   that
                   few
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   will
                   be
                   willing
                   to
                   undertake
                   it
                   ;
                   being
                   disgusted
                   by
                   the
                   Uncertainty
                   of
                   succeeding
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   Employ'd
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Time
                   and
                   Labour
                   about
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Honour
                   of
                   having
                   had
                   for
                   so
                   many
                   Years
                   the
                   Direction
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Royal-Family
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   give
                   me
                   some
                   Authority
                   to
                   answer
                   that
                   grand
                   Question
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   without
                   designing
                   to
                   deceive
                   any
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   a
                   great
                   desire
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   of
                   the
                   Ingenious
                   ,
                   I
                   affirm
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   easie
                   to
                   attain
                   as
                   much
                   Knowledge
                   as
                   is
                   reasonably
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   avoid
                   what
                   might
                   vex
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   enjoy
                   their
                   Wishes
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   will
                   be
                   easie
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   prove
                   this
                   Assertion
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   Explain'd
                   my self
                   more
                   particularly
                   upon
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Pleasures
                   that
                   are
                   inseparable
                   Companions
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   now
                   in
                   debate
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   most
                   Considerable
                   of
                   those
                   Pleasures
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   obtain
                   what
                   may
                   
                   be
                   produced
                   by
                   Earth
                   ,
                   that
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   well
                   ordered
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Ground
                   well
                   improv'd
                   with
                   Trees
                   that
                   perhaps
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     Planted
                     ,
                     Prun'd
                     ,
                     Cultivated
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   by
                   our selves
                   ,
                   though
                   really
                   the
                   Ideas
                   of
                   such
                   Injoyments
                   are
                   powerful
                   Charms
                   to
                   Engage
                   us
                   to
                   the
                   Study
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   It
                   consists
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   will
                   act
                   themselves
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   will
                   only
                   act
                   by
                   their
                   Advice
                   and
                   Orders
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Place
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   with
                   certainty
                   what
                   is
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   each
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   produce
                   happily
                   and
                   in
                   abundance
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   desired
                   for
                   every
                   Month
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   .
                   The
                   Judicious
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   never
                   fails
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   of
                   being
                   recompenced
                   of
                   his
                   Labour
                   ,
                   Cares
                   and
                   Skill
                   .
                   The
                   Ground
                   he
                   Cultivates
                   
                   himself
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   affords
                   him
                   more
                   Profusion
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   reality
                   better
                   Cultivated
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   dreaded
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Misfortune
                   of
                   belonging
                   to
                   a
                   Master
                   ,
                   who
                   only
                   knows
                   by
                   his
                   Gard'ner
                   how
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   used
                   .
                   It
                   seems
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   Engage
                   that
                   skilful
                   Master
                   it
                   belongs
                   to
                   ,
                   to
                   continue
                   the
                   Cultivating
                   of
                   it
                   himself
                   ,
                   it
                   endeavours
                   to
                   produce
                   more
                   than
                   it
                   used
                   to
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   consists
                   in
                   knowing
                   how
                   to
                   avoid
                   many
                   
                   great
                   useless
                   Expences
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   often
                   engaged
                   by
                   ill
                   Councils
                   .
                   Is
                   it
                   not
                   usual
                   in
                   most
                   Places
                   to
                   see
                   People
                   continually
                   Imploy'd
                   in
                   doing
                   ,
                   undoing
                   ,
                   and
                   doing
                   again
                   ?
                   And
                   moreover
                   is
                   it
                   not
                   common
                   to
                   see
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   Workmen
                   Imploy'd
                   about
                   a
                   thing
                   that
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   done
                   quicker
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   less
                   Hands
                   ?
                   So
                   that
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Money
                   is
                   laid
                   out
                   ,
                   which
                   often
                   creates
                   great
                   Vexations
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   great
                   Inconveniencies
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   consists
                   in
                   the
                   Third
                   Place
                   ,
                   in
                   knowing
                   the
                   Inconveniencies
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   shall
                   explain
                   in
                   due
                   place
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   are
                   Invincible
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   not
                   :
                   This
                   knowledge
                   serves
                   to
                   prepare
                   us
                   betimes
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   first
                   patiently
                   when
                   they
                   happen
                   ,
                   and
                   securely
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   without
                   entering
                   into
                   a
                   thousand
                   impertinent
                   reasons
                   of
                   an
                   unskilful
                   ,
                   careless
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   endeavours
                   to
                   conceal
                   his
                   negligence
                   ,
                   or
                   incapacity
                   ,
                   by
                   imputing
                   all
                   the
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   and
                   Barrenness
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   to
                   a
                   wrong
                   cause
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Pleasure
                   consists
                   in
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Place
                   in
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   condemn
                   justly
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   what
                   is
                   amiss
                   or
                   ill
                   done
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   to
                   commend
                   what
                   is
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   Rules
                   .
                   There
                   is
                   hardly
                   any
                   thing
                   more
                   natural
                   in
                   all
                   Masters
                   who
                   speak
                   of
                   their
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   blame
                   or
                   commend
                   something
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   really
                   intended
                   thereby
                   to
                   discover
                   what
                   they
                   are
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   dangerous
                   for
                   the
                   service
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   nor
                   more
                   disagreeable
                   for
                   such
                   a
                   Master
                   than
                   to
                   expose
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   laugh'd
                   at
                   ,
                   or
                   corrected
                   by
                   his
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   which
                   certainly
                   happens
                   when
                   the
                   Master
                   is
                   not
                   capacitated
                   to
                   speak
                   like
                   an
                   Artist
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   consists
                   in
                   the
                   Fifth
                   Place
                   in
                   being
                   reputed
                   capable
                   of
                   giving
                   good
                   advice
                   ,
                   and
                   willingly
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   What
                   greater
                   satisfaction
                   can
                   a
                   man
                   receive
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   assist
                   or
                   undeceive
                   a
                   friend
                   who
                   was
                   in
                   an
                   error
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   a
                   loss
                   ,
                   and
                   ready
                   to
                   give
                   over
                   his
                   undertaking
                   ,
                   putting
                   him
                   afterwards
                   in
                   a
                   way
                   of
                   daily
                   commending
                   the
                   good
                   Fortune
                   his
                   Friend
                   has
                   procured
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Work
                   ?
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   this
                   Pleasure
                   chiefly
                   consists
                   in
                   being
                   capable
                   of
                   judging
                   by
                   our selves
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   our selves
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   capacity
                   of
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   Inconveniency
                   of
                   sometimes
                   discharging
                   a
                   good
                   one
                   upon
                   very
                   trivial
                   pitiful
                   reasons
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   taking
                   an
                   ill
                   one
                   in
                   his
                   room
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   resolve
                   wisely
                   to
                   discard
                   him
                   who
                   has
                   not
                   done
                   his
                   duty
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   chuse
                   another
                   better
                   qualify'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   so
                   much
                   facility
                   in
                   attaining
                   so
                   many
                   real
                   Pleasures
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   am
                   going
                   to
                   demonstrate
                   visibly
                   ;
                   am
                   I
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   right
                   to
                   conclude
                   that
                   when
                   any
                   body
                   undertakes
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   without
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   get
                   at
                   least
                   a
                   sufficient
                   insight
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   he
                   deserves
                   all
                   the
                   disgusts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   numerous
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   deserving
                   all
                   the
                   delights
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   produce
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   infinite
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   consequently
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   study
                   the
                   attaining
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   degree
                   of
                   knowledge
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   absolutely
                   requisite
                   in
                   those
                   Affairs
                   ?
                
                 
                   It
                   may
                   perhaps
                   be
                   objected
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   hereby
                   I
                   propose
                   an
                   Infallible
                   expedient
                   to
                   introduce
                   the
                   most
                   pernicious
                   thing
                   in
                   nature
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   affairs
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   introduce
                   Sciolists
                   ,
                   or
                   Smatterers
                   :
                   The
                   Objections
                   seems
                   pretty
                   strong
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   two
                   Answers
                   I
                   am
                   going
                   to
                   make
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   opinion
                   ,
                   are
                   yet
                   of
                   much
                   more
                   force
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   shall
                   once
                   have
                   attain'd
                   a
                   certain
                   knowledge
                   of
                   some
                   Principles
                   capable
                   of
                   affording
                   him
                   a
                   good
                   Tincture
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   will
                   not
                   rest
                   with
                   that
                   bare
                   knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Elements
                   ,
                   but
                   will
                   infallibly
                   have
                   a
                   passionate
                   desire
                   of
                   knowing
                   something
                   more
                   of
                   an
                   Art
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   is
                   so
                   much
                   delighted
                   with
                   .
                   He
                   will
                   soon
                   improve
                   the
                   knowledge
                   he
                   shall
                   have
                   acquir'd
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   will
                   not
                   remain
                   long
                   in
                   that
                   dangerous
                   and
                   so
                   much
                   fear'd
                   station
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   call'd
                   Smattering
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   Answer
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   no
                   less
                   material
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   that
                   Smattering
                   of
                   an
                   Ingenious
                   Person
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   may
                   call
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   is
                   much
                   better
                   ,
                   being
                   grounded
                   upon
                   good
                   Principles
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   false
                   Notion
                   of
                   knowledge
                   of
                   common
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   you
                   seldom
                   find
                   any
                   thing
                   among
                   such
                   beyond
                   a
                   presumptuous
                   Pratling
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   upheld
                   by
                   some
                   wretched
                   Rote
                   .
                   Is
                   it
                   not
                   a
                   great
                   happiness
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   attain
                   a
                   sufficient
                   insight
                   into
                   those
                   matters
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   put
                   our selves
                   above
                   so
                   many
                   false
                   reasonings
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   otherwise
                   be
                   lyable
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   avoid
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   vexation
                   ,
                   to
                   purchase
                   abundance
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   ?
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     easie
                     it
                     is
                     for
                     a
                     Gentleman
                     to
                     acquire
                     at
                     least
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Knowledge
                     in
                     Point
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   NExt
                   to
                   that
                   first
                   Foundation
                   ,
                   which
                   establishes
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Judicious
                   Man
                   must
                   apply
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   attaining
                   a
                   sufficient
                   skill
                   into
                   Gard'ning
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   propose
                   this
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   he
                   cannot
                   afford
                   so
                   much
                   time
                   as
                   to
                   arrive
                   to
                   a
                   full
                   Perfection
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   )
                   he
                   may
                   rest
                   assured
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   learn
                   enough
                   for
                   his
                   
                   purpose
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   capable
                   of
                   ordering
                   the
                   most
                   material
                   Things
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   his
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   from
                   Imposing
                   daily
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   provided
                   he
                   be
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   instructed
                   in
                   the
                   Five
                   or
                   Six
                   following
                   Articles
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   First
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Quality
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   its
                   necessary
                   Depth
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Tillage
                     ,
                     Amendments
                  
                   and
                   ordinary
                   modelling
                   of
                   useful
                   Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   chuse
                   them
                   well
                   qualified
                   ,
                   either
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   still
                   in
                   the
                   Nurseries
                   ,
                   or
                   taken
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   the
                   Principal
                   Kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ;
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   distinguish
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   number
                   of
                   each
                   the
                   Compass
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   may
                   require
                   ;
                   to
                   understand
                   how
                   to
                   prepare
                   Trees
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Head
                   and
                   Roots
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   again
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   at
                   a
                   convenient
                   distance
                   ,
                   and
                   expose
                   them
                   well
                   ;
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   all
                   ,
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   yet
                   at
                   least
                   all
                   the
                   Principal
                   ones
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   Dwarfs
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   ;
                   how
                   to
                   Pinch
                   off
                   some
                   Branches
                   ,
                   being
                   over
                   Vigorous
                   ;
                   to
                   Pallisade
                   such
                   as
                   require
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   the
                   Triming
                   of
                   such
                   useless
                   Buds
                   and
                   Sprigs
                   as
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   to
                   give
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   the
                   Beauty
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Third
                   Article
                   relates
                   to
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   grow
                   fine
                   ,
                   gather
                   it
                   prudently
                   ,
                   and
                   eat
                   it
                   seasonably
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fourth
                   relates
                   to
                   Graffs
                   on
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   whether
                   placed
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   or
                   still
                   in
                   the
                   Nurseries
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Time
                   ,
                   and
                   Manner
                   of
                   applying
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   the
                   Fifth
                   Article
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   general
                   Conduct
                   of
                   all
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   and
                   Profit
                   they
                   may
                   yield
                   in
                   every
                   Month
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   these
                   Articles
                   is
                   not
                   Considerable
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   I
                   assure
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   fully
                   Instructed
                   therein
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   Time
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   short
                   Abridgment
                   that
                   follows
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     An
                     Abridgment
                     of
                     the
                     Maxims
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       First
                       ARTICLE
                    
                     .
                     Of
                     the
                     Qualifications
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     or
                     Soil
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Earth
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     is
                     known
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     ,
                     particularly
                     for
                     Fruit-Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       First
                       ,
                       when
                       all
                       that
                       the
                       Ground
                       produces
                       of
                       it self
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       Culture
                       ,
                       is
                       Beautiful
                       ,
                       Vigorous
                       ,
                       Abundant
                       and
                       consequently
                       nothing
                       Poor
                       ;
                       or
                       small
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       should
                       be
                       strong
                       ;
                       or
                       yellow
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       should
                       be
                       green
                       .
                    
                     
                       Secondly
                       ,
                       when
                       in
                       smelling
                       to
                       a
                       handful
                       of
                       that
                       Earth
                       it
                       casts
                       no
                       ill
                       Smell
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thirdly
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       easie
                       to
                       Till
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       not
                       over
                       strong
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fourthly
                       ,
                       When
                       in
                       the
                       handling
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       mellow
                       ,
                       without
                       being
                       too
                       dry
                       and
                       light
                       ,
                       like
                       Turf
                       -
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       like
                       Grounds
                       that
                       are
                       altogether
                       sandy
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifthly
                       ,
                       When
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       over-moist
                       ,
                       like
                       Marshy
                       Ground
                       ,
                       or
                       too
                       hard
                       like
                       Loomy
                       Ground
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       good
                       Meadows
                       ,
                       approaching
                       near
                       the
                       Nature
                       of
                       stiff
                       Clay
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Lastly
                     ,
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     the
                     Colour
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     chiefly
                     be
                     of
                     a
                     Blackish
                     Grey
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     Reddish
                     which
                     do
                     very
                     well
                     ;
                     I
                     never
                     saw
                     any
                     both
                     very
                     White
                     and
                     Good.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       Second
                       ARTICLE
                    
                     .
                     Of
                     the
                     Depth
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     Beneath
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     that
                     appears
                     good
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     have
                     Three
                     Foot
                     of
                     Earth
                     like
                     unto
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     above
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     material
                     Maxim
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     you
                     must
                     be
                     reasonably
                     well
                     assur'd
                     ,
                     by
                     sounding
                     the
                     Ground
                     at
                     least
                     in
                     five
                     or
                     six
                     different
                     Places
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     great
                     Error
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     satisfied
                     with
                     less
                     Depth
                     ,
                     especially
                     for
                     Trees
                     and
                     long
                     Rooted-Plants
                     ,
                     viz.
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       Beet
                       Roots
                       ,
                       Scorsonnera
                       ,
                       Parsnips
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Third
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                     
                       Of
                       Tillages
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     most
                     frequent
                     are
                     commonly
                     the
                     best
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     in
                     relation
                     to
                     Trees
                     ,
                     there
                     must
                     be
                     Four
                     Yearly
                     ;
                     viz.
                     at
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     and
                     Midsummer
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     and
                     immediately
                     before
                     Winter
                     ;
                     and
                     generally
                     speaking
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     left
                     unmanur'd
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     Weeds
                     ,
                     nor
                     trampled
                     or
                     beaten
                     by
                     great
                     Showers
                     of
                     Rain
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     very
                     pleasing
                     to
                     the
                     Eye
                     when
                     newly
                     Till'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     Your
                     small
                     Plants
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                       Lettice
                       ,
                       Succory
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     require
                     to
                     be
                     often
                     Weeded
                     ,
                     the
                     better
                     to
                     perform
                     their
                     Duty
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       Fourth
                       ARTICLE
                    
                     .
                     Directions
                     for
                     Amendments
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     sorts
                     of
                     Rotten
                     Dung
                     of
                     what
                     Animals
                     soever
                     ,
                     Horses
                     ,
                     Mules
                     ,
                     Oxen
                     ,
                     Cows
                     ,
                     &c.
                     are
                     excellent
                     to
                     amend
                     the
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     used
                     for
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Garden
                       Plants
                    
                     :
                     Sheeps
                     Dung
                     has
                     more
                     Salt
                     than
                     all
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     a
                     smaller
                     quantity
                     of
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     used
                     ;
                     It
                     is
                     partly
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Hens
                     and
                     Pigeons
                     ,
                     but
                     I
                     would
                     not
                     advise
                     any
                     one
                     to
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     sort
                     of
                     Fleas
                     they
                     abound
                     with
                     ,
                     which
                     generally
                     spoil
                     the
                     Plants
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Dung
                     of
                     Leaves
                     throughly
                     rotten
                     ,
                     is
                     hardly
                     fit
                     for
                     any
                     thing
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     be
                     thrown
                     over
                     new
                     sown
                     Beds
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     the
                     Rains
                     or
                     Waterings
                     from
                     beating
                     too
                     much
                     upon
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     hinder
                     the
                     Seeds
                     from
                     rising
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     the
                     Legumes
                     of
                     the
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     require
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Dung
                     ;
                     the
                     Plants
                     or
                     Layers
                     of
                     Trees
                     require
                     none
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     only
                     good
                     place
                     to
                     put
                     the
                     Amendments
                     in
                     ,
                     is
                     towards
                     the
                     Surface
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     worst
                     place
                     for
                     Dung
                     in
                     Trenches
                     (
                     or
                     places
                     that
                     are
                     Dug
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     plant
                     Trees
                     )
                     is
                     in
                     the
                     Bottom
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     those
                     Trenches
                     ,
                     it
                     cannot
                     be
                     said
                     they
                     are
                     good
                     and
                     well
                     made
                     ,
                     unless
                     they
                     be
                     near
                     six
                     Foot
                     wide
                     ,
                     and
                     three
                     in
                     depth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Fifth
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     common
                     Disposition
                     of
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     the
                     best
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     convenient
                     for
                     a
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     made
                     ,
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     ,
                     in
                     well
                     regulated
                     Squares
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     possible
                     the
                     Length
                     may
                     somewhat
                     exceed
                     the
                     Breadth
                     ;
                     the
                     Breadth
                     of
                     the
                     Walks
                     must
                     likewise
                     be
                     proportion'd
                     ,
                     both
                     to
                     their
                     Length
                     and
                     the
                     whole
                     Extent
                     of
                     the
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     narrowest
                     must
                     not
                     be
                     less
                     than
                     six
                     or
                     seven
                     Foot
                     to
                     Walk
                     in
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     broadest
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     long
                     ,
                     must
                     not
                     exceed
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Fathom
                     at
                     most
                     ;
                     and
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     largeness
                     of
                     the
                     Squares
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Fault
                     to
                     make
                     any
                     above
                     Fifteen
                     or
                     Twenty
                     Fathom
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     to
                     a
                     little
                     more
                     or
                     little
                     less
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     they
                     will
                     be
                     pretty
                     well
                     of
                     Ten
                     or
                     Twelve
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     to
                     Fourteen
                     or
                     Fifteen
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     regulated
                     proportionably
                     to
                     the
                     largeness
                     of
                     the
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     common
                     Paths
                     for
                     the
                     Convenience
                     of
                     Service
                     ,
                     are
                     commonly
                     of
                     a
                     Foot.
                     
                  
                   
                     No
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Garden
                    
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     agreeable
                     in
                     the
                     Disposition
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     can
                     ever
                     succeed
                     well
                     ,
                     without
                     a
                     Convenience
                     for
                     Waterings
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Sixth
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     this
                     Article
                     ,
                     which
                     relates
                     to
                     the
                     Knowledge
                     of
                     
                       Fruit
                       Trees
                    
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     planted
                     ,
                     it
                     suffices
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     material
                     to
                     know
                     .
                  
                   
                     That
                     a
                     Tree
                     to
                     be
                     worth
                     the
                     Chusing
                     ,
                     whilst
                     yet
                     in
                     the
                     Nursery
                     ,
                     must
                     have
                     a
                     clean
                     and
                     shining
                     Bark
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Shoots
                     of
                     the
                     Year
                     ,
                     Long
                     and
                     Vigorous
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     already
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     ,
                     besides
                     these
                     Conditions
                     ,
                     have
                     fine
                     ,
                     sound
                     Roots
                     ,
                     and
                     passably
                     thick
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     Stem
                     ;
                     I
                     seldom
                     take
                     any
                     of
                     those
                     Trees
                     that
                     have
                     nothing
                     besides
                     certain
                     hairy
                     or
                     Capillar
                     Roots
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     streightest
                     Trees
                     ,
                     having
                     but
                     one
                     Stem
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     are
                     the
                     fittest
                     to
                     be
                     chosen
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     Planting
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Peach
                     and
                     
                       Apricock
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     not
                     been
                     Graffed
                     above
                     a
                     Year
                     ,
                     provided
                     the
                     Shoot
                     be
                     fair
                     ,
                     are
                     better
                     than
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     Graffed
                     Two
                     or
                     more
                     ;
                     and
                     yet
                     the
                     
                       Peach
                       Trees
                    
                     require
                     more
                     exactness
                     in
                     this
                     than
                     the
                     Apricocks
                     ;
                     and
                     you
                     must
                     never
                     take
                     a
                     
                       Peach
                       Tree
                    
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     has
                     fine
                     ,
                     sound
                     and
                     whole
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     at
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Stem
                     .
                     The
                     thickness
                     of
                     an
                     Inch
                     ,
                     or
                     somewhat
                     more
                     in
                     such
                     Stems
                     ,
                     is
                     what
                     is
                     particularly
                     to
                     be
                     esteem'd
                     in
                     
                       Peach
                       Trees
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Peaches
                       Graffed
                    
                     upon
                     
                       Almond
                       Trees
                    
                     thrive
                     better
                     in
                     a
                     dry
                     light
                     Ground
                     ,
                     than
                     in
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     Loamy
                     and
                     Moist
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     the
                     clean
                     contrary
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     observ'd
                     for
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     Plum-Trees
                     .
                     In
                     all
                     other
                     Dwarf
                     Trees
                     ,
                     the
                     thickness
                     must
                     be
                     between
                     Two
                     and
                     Three
                     Inches
                     Circumference
                     about
                     the
                     Lower
                     Part.
                     
                  
                   
                     Only
                     excepting
                     
                       Apple
                       Trees
                       Graffed
                    
                     upon
                     Paradice
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     for
                     which
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     an
                     Inch
                     is
                     sufficient
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Thickness
                     of
                     high
                     Standards
                     is
                     to
                     consist
                     of
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Inches
                     on
                     the
                     Lower
                     Part
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     height
                     of
                     about
                     Six
                     or
                     Seven
                     Foot.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Graff
                     of
                     little
                     Trees
                     must
                     be
                     applied
                     within
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Fingers
                     from
                     the
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     when
                     it
                     closes
                     again
                     ,
                     it
                     argues
                     much
                     Vigour
                     in
                     the
                     Foot
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Skill
                     in
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     who
                     has
                     had
                     the
                     Ordering
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     manner
                     of
                     Pears
                     succeed
                     in
                     Dwarfs
                     and
                     Wall-Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     free
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     upon
                     Quince
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     Noted
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     only
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     free
                     Stocks
                     in
                     Light
                     Grounds
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     but
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     Goodness
                     .
                  
                   
                     Winter
                     
                       Bon
                       Chrestien
                       Pears
                    
                     can
                     hardly
                     attain
                     that
                     Yellow
                     ,
                     and
                     Carnation
                     Colour
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     desired
                     in
                     them
                     ,
                     either
                     upon
                     Dwarfs
                     or
                     Wall
                     Trees
                     being
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     free
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     must
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     Quince
                     .
                  
                   
                     Your
                     Virgouteé
                     and
                     Robines
                     upon
                     Free
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     are
                     hard
                     to
                     bear
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     there
                     is
                     a
                     Remedy
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     they
                     always
                     bear
                     much
                     sooner
                     upon
                     Quince
                     .
                  
                   
                     Your
                     Bargamots
                     and
                     little
                     
                       Muscat
                       Pears
                    
                     ,
                     seldom
                     succeed
                     upon
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     moist
                     Grounds
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Principal
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     either
                     
                       Pears
                       ,
                       Apples
                       ,
                       Peaches
                    
                     or
                     Plums
                     ,
                     are
                     sufficiently
                     known
                     ;
                     but
                     whereas
                     the
                     making
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     well
                     contriv'd
                     Plantation
                     is
                     of
                     great
                     Consequence
                     .
                     Our
                     new
                     Curioso
                     will
                     do
                     well
                     to
                     consult
                     the
                     Treatise
                     I
                     have
                     written
                     with
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Exactness
                     upon
                     the
                     Choice
                     ,
                     and
                     proportion
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     to
                     be
                     planted
                     in
                     any
                     Garden
                     whatever
                     ,
                     either
                     
                       Dwarfs
                       ,
                       High
                       Standards
                    
                     or
                     
                       wall
                       Trees
                    
                     ;
                     otherwise
                     I
                     dare
                     affirm
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     will
                     be
                     liable
                     to
                     commit
                     abundance
                     of
                     Faults
                     that
                     will
                     very
                     much
                     vex
                     him
                     .
                     In
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     he
                     ought
                     to
                     know
                     that
                     as
                     to
                     Pears
                     ,
                     the
                     best
                     for
                     the
                     Summer
                     are
                     the
                     
                       Little
                       Muscats
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Cuisses
                       Madam
                    
                     (
                     or
                     Lady-Thigh
                     )
                     the
                     
                       Skinless
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Blanquettes
                     or
                     
                       White
                       Pears
                       :
                       viz.
                    
                     the
                     large
                     ,
                     the
                     small
                     and
                     the
                     
                       long
                       Stalk'd
                       one
                    
                     ;
                     the
                     Robine
                     ,
                     the
                     Cassolette
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Musk
                       Bon
                       Chrestien
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Rousselette
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Salviati
                     .
                     The
                     Chief
                     for
                     Autumn
                     are
                     the
                     
                       Beurré
                       ,
                       Burgamots
                       ,
                       Vertelongues
                       ,
                       Crasana
                       ,
                       Blossom'd
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       Lansac
                    
                     and
                     
                       Loiiise
                       Bonne
                    
                     .
                     For
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Virgoule
                       ,
                       Leschasseris
                       ,
                       Espine
                    
                     or
                     
                       Thorn
                       Pear
                       ,
                       Ambrette
                       ,
                       St.
                       Germain
                       ,
                       Winter
                       Bon
                       Chrestien
                       ,
                       Colmar
                       ,
                       Bugy
                       ,
                       St.
                       Austin
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     some
                     
                       Dry
                       Martins
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Apples
                     ,
                     the
                     Chief
                     are
                     the
                     Calvilles
                     both
                     Red
                     and
                     White
                     ;
                     Reinettes
                     ,
                     both
                     Grey
                     and
                     White
                     ;
                     all
                     the
                     Courpendus
                     or
                     short
                     stalk'd
                     Apples
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Fenellets
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Plums
                     ,
                     the
                     principal
                     are
                     the
                     
                       Yellow
                       Hasty
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     White
                     and
                     Purple
                     Perdrigon
                     ,
                     the
                     Mirabelles
                     ,
                     the
                     several
                     sorts
                     of
                     Damask
                     ,
                     the
                     Rochecourbon
                     ,
                     the
                     Emperasses
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Apricock
                       Plums
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Catherine
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Imperial
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Royal
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     the
                     most
                     considerable
                     are
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Early
                       Peach
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Troy
                       Peach
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Maudlins
                     White
                     and
                     Red
                     ,
                     the
                     Rossanne
                     ,
                     the
                     Minion
                     ,
                     the
                     Chevreuse
                     ,
                     the
                     Bourdin
                     ,
                     the
                     Violets
                     both
                     Early
                     and
                     Late
                     ,
                     the
                     Persiques
                     ,
                     the
                     Admirable
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Purple
                       Peach
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Nivet
                     ,
                     the
                     Smooth
                     
                       Yellow
                       Peaches
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Latter
                     
                       Yellow
                       Peaches
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Pavies
                     or
                     
                       Bastard
                       Peach
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Purple
                     Nectarin
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       White
                       Pavie
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Cadillac
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Rambouillet
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Figs
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     White
                     ,
                     both
                     Inside
                     and
                     Outside
                     ;
                     viz.
                     the
                     Long
                     and
                     Round
                     are
                     best
                     for
                     this
                     Country
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     the
                     Muscat
                     is
                     chiefly
                     to
                     be
                     esteem'd
                     ,
                     whether
                     White
                     ,
                     Red
                     or
                     Black
                     ;
                     Long
                     Muscat
                     ,
                     being
                     well
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     a
                     good
                     Ground
                     ,
                     is
                     admirable
                     ;
                     the
                     Chassolas
                     succeeds
                     more
                     constantly
                     than
                     any
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     every
                     Body
                     knows
                     that
                     the
                     Latest
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Griote
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     Bigarros
                     ,
                     are
                     very
                     good
                     Fruits
                     upon
                     
                       Standards
                       ;
                       Early
                       Cherries
                    
                     are
                     of
                     no
                     Value
                     unless
                     upon
                     
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Seventh
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     prepare
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     both
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Head
                     and
                     Roots
                     ,
                     before
                     the
                     planting
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     of
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     the
                     Capillar
                     Roots
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     away
                     .
                  
                   
                     Only
                     preserve
                     a
                     few
                     thick
                     Roots
                     ,
                     especially
                     the
                     Youngest
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     the
                     Newest
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     These
                     are
                     Commonly
                     Reddish
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     a
                     more
                     lively
                     Complexion
                     than
                     the
                     old
                     Ones
                     :
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     kept
                     short
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     their
                     Thickness
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Longest
                     in
                     Dwarfs
                     must
                     not
                     exceed
                     Eight
                     or
                     Nine
                     Inches
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     high
                     Standards
                     about
                     a
                     Foot
                     ;
                     you
                     may
                     allow
                     them
                     more
                     Extent
                     ,
                     in
                     Mulberries
                     and
                     Cherry-Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     weakest
                     Roots
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     satisfied
                     with
                     one
                     ,
                     two
                     ,
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Inches
                     at
                     most
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     thick
                     .
                  
                   
                     One
                     Rank
                     of
                     Roots
                     is
                     sufficient
                     ,
                     when
                     placed
                     as
                     they
                     should
                     be
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     when
                     there
                     are
                     Four
                     or
                     Five
                     Roots
                     round
                     about
                     the
                     Foot
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     partly
                     like
                     so
                     many
                     Lines
                     drawn
                     from
                     a
                     Centre
                     to
                     the
                     Circumference
                     ;
                     and
                     even
                     Two
                     or
                     Three
                     being
                     good
                     ,
                     are
                     better
                     than
                     Twenty
                     mean
                     ones
                     ;
                     I
                     have
                     often
                     planted
                     Trees
                     ,
                     with
                     one
                     single
                     Root
                     ,
                     which
                     indeed
                     was
                     extraordinary
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     succeeded
                     well
                     ;
                     you
                     may
                     easily
                     see
                     what
                     I
                     mean
                     by
                     a
                     Rank
                     of
                     Roots
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Plantations
                     ,
                     where
                     I
                     have
                     caused
                     Plates
                     to
                     be
                     Ingraven
                     to
                     that
                     End.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Eighth
                     ARTICLLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     order
                     to
                     Plant
                     well
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     chuse
                     dry
                     Weather
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     End
                     that
                     the
                     Earth
                     being
                     very
                     dry
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     easily
                     cling
                     about
                     the
                     Roots
                     ,
                     and
                     leave
                     no
                     vacuity
                     ;
                     and
                     particular
                     Care
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     lest
                     it
                     grow
                     to
                     the
                     Consistence
                     of
                     Morter
                     ,
                     which
                     afterwards
                     coming
                     to
                     harden
                     ,
                     might
                     hinder
                     the
                     Production
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Shooting
                     of
                     the
                     New
                     Roots
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     best
                     Season
                     for
                     Planting
                     is
                     from
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     November
                     until
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     March
                     ;
                     yet
                     in
                     dry
                     Grounds
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     material
                     to
                     Plant
                     at
                     the
                     very
                     beginning
                     of
                     November
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     moist
                     Soils
                     it
                     is
                     better
                     to
                     stay
                     till
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     March.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Disposition
                     of
                     Roots
                     requires
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     Lowest
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     above
                     a
                     full
                     Foot
                     deep
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     nearest
                     to
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     covered
                     with
                     Eight
                     or
                     Nine
                     Inches
                     depth
                     of
                     Mould
                     .
                     In
                     a
                     dry
                     Soil
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     improper
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     little
                     But
                     or
                     Hillock
                     over
                     those
                     Roots
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     the
                     Sun
                     from
                     spoiling
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Tree
                     has
                     taken
                     Root
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     Levell'd
                     again
                     .
                  
                   
                     After
                     having
                     Prun'd
                     the
                     Roots
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     cut
                     the
                     Steem
                     of
                     the
                     Length
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     remain
                     ,
                     before
                     you
                     Plant
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     never
                     stay
                     to
                     cut
                     it
                     till
                     after
                     't
                     is
                     Planted
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     I
                     regulate
                     that
                     height
                     to
                     be
                     about
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Inches
                     in
                     a
                     dry
                     Soil
                     ,
                     and
                     about
                     Eight
                     or
                     Nine
                     when
                     Moist
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     in
                     
                       high
                       Standards
                    
                     the
                     proper
                     height
                     is
                     between
                     Six
                     and
                     Seven
                     Foot
                     in
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Soils
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     Planting
                     ,
                     care
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     to
                     turn
                     the
                     best
                     Roots
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     which
                     has
                     most
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     none
                     ,
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     is
                     possible
                     ,
                     may
                     incline
                     streight
                     downwards
                     ,
                     but
                     rather
                     look
                     towards
                     the
                     Horison
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     who
                     after
                     planting
                     ,
                     shake
                     or
                     trample
                     on
                     little
                     Trees
                     ,
                     do
                     them
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Injury
                     ;
                     whereas
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     absolutely
                     necessary
                     to
                     trample
                     and
                     raise
                     the
                     Ground
                     about
                     the
                     great
                     ones
                     ,
                     to
                     secure
                     them
                     against
                     the
                     Impetuosity
                     of
                     the
                     Winds
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Head
                     or
                     Top
                     of
                     Espaliers
                     or
                     
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     must
                     lean
                     towards
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     yet
                     so
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     Head
                     must
                     be
                     at
                     Three
                     or
                     Four
                     Inches
                     distance
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Wound
                     must
                     not
                     appear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     distance
                     between
                     them
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     regulated
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Goodness
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     height
                     of
                     the
                     Wall
                     ;
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     nearer
                     to
                     one
                     another
                     against
                     high
                     Walls
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     more
                     distance
                     against
                     low
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     this
                     particular
                     Case
                     of
                     the
                     common
                     distance
                     of
                     
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     regulated
                     from
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Foot
                     ,
                     to
                     Ten
                     ,
                     Eleven
                     or
                     Twelve
                     .
                     The
                     Walls
                     being
                     Twelve
                     Foot
                     high
                     or
                     more
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     always
                     let
                     one
                     Tree
                     shoot
                     up
                     to
                     garnish
                     the
                     Top
                     ,
                     between
                     two
                     that
                     shall
                     garnish
                     the
                     Bottom
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     case
                     the
                     Trees
                     must
                     be
                     planted
                     within
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Foot
                     of
                     one
                     another
                     :
                     But
                     against
                     Walls
                     that
                     are
                     not
                     above
                     Six
                     or
                     Seven
                     Foot
                     high
                     ,
                     the
                     distance
                     must
                     be
                     about
                     Nine
                     Foot.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     distance
                     of
                     Dwarfs
                     must
                     be
                     from
                     between
                     Eight
                     and
                     Nine
                     Foot
                     to
                     Twelve
                     ,
                     or
                     even
                     a
                     little
                     more
                     ,
                     being
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     Kernel-Fruit
                     upon
                     Free
                     Stocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     
                       high
                       Standards
                    
                     from
                     Four
                     Fathom
                     to
                     Seven
                     or
                     Eight
                     ,
                     for
                     great
                     Plantations
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     good
                     Soils
                     the
                     Trees
                     must
                     be
                     at
                     a
                     greater
                     distance
                     than
                     in
                     bad
                     ones
                     ,
                     because
                     there
                     their
                     Heads
                     or
                     Tops
                     spread
                     more
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     When
                     Trenches
                     are
                     newly
                     made
                     ,
                     the
                     Earth
                     will
                     sink
                     at
                     least
                     Three
                     or
                     Four
                     large
                     Inches
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     necessary
                     Observation
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     the
                     keeping
                     the
                     Earth
                     about
                     them
                     ,
                     higher
                     than
                     the
                     Neighbouring
                     Surface
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     avoid
                     falling
                     into
                     the
                     Inconveniency
                     of
                     having
                     Trees
                     sunk
                     too
                     deep
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     For
                     the
                     Success
                     of
                     Kernel
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     it
                     matters
                     but
                     little
                     whether
                     the
                     Graff
                     be
                     above
                     or
                     under
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     as
                     for
                     Stone
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     better
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Earth
                     .
                     Yet
                     for
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     both
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     wish'd
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     appear
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     main
                     point
                     is
                     to
                     have
                     the
                     Roots
                     well
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     neither
                     the
                     great
                     Heat
                     ,
                     nor
                     great
                     Cold
                     ,
                     nor
                     the
                     Iron
                     of
                     the
                     Spade
                     may
                     prejudice
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Understanding
                     of
                     the
                     Expositions
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     most
                     proper
                     for
                     the
                     different
                     kinds
                     ,
                     is
                     an
                     account
                     which
                     will
                     be
                     best
                     learned
                     in
                     a
                     Treatise
                     written
                     on
                     purpose
                     upon
                     that
                     Subject
                     :
                     Yet
                     generally
                     speaking
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     best
                     of
                     all
                     in
                     our
                     Climates
                     is
                     the
                     South
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Worst
                     is
                     the
                     North
                     ;
                     the
                     East
                     is
                     almost
                     as
                     good
                     as
                     the
                     South
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     hot
                     Soils
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     the
                     Exposition
                     of
                     the
                     West
                     is
                     not
                     amiss
                     for
                     
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       Plums
                       ,
                       Pears
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     but
                     is
                     stark
                     nought
                     for
                     
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       Chasselas
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     large
                     Grapes
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Ninth
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     have
                     a
                     reasonable
                     Insight
                     into
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Trees
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     at
                     least
                     to
                     know
                     the
                     Time
                     and
                     Cause
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     ,
                     if
                     possible
                     ,
                     the
                     Manner
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     Time
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     always
                     good
                     to
                     Prune
                     from
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     the
                     Fall
                     until
                     the
                     New
                     Leaves
                     grow
                     again
                     ,
                     and
                     no
                     Tree
                     must
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     above
                     once
                     a
                     Year
                     .
                  
                   
                     Keeping
                     within
                     these
                     Bounds
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     improper
                     to
                     Prune
                     Weak
                     Trees
                     sooner
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     Vigorous
                     later
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Cause
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     two
                     Reasons
                     for
                     Pruning
                     ;
                     the
                     first
                     to
                     dispose
                     Trees
                     to
                     bear
                     finer
                     Fruit
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     second
                     to
                     render
                     them
                     at
                     all
                     Times
                     more
                     pleasing
                     to
                     sight
                     than
                     they
                     should
                     be
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     not
                     Prun'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     attain
                     the
                     Effect
                     of
                     this
                     second
                     Condition
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     by
                     the
                     means
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     given
                     to
                     every
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     That
                     Figure
                     must
                     differ
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     Plats
                     ,
                     and
                     does
                     not
                     Extend
                     beyond
                     Dwarfs
                     and
                     
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     ;
                     for
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     generality
                     
                       high
                       Standards
                    
                     are
                     not
                     Prun'd
                     often
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     thick
                     Branches
                     only
                     are
                     capable
                     of
                     affording
                     that
                     Figure
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     absolutely
                     necessary
                     to
                     be
                     well
                     understood
                     ,
                     and
                     must
                     be
                     had
                     constantly
                     in
                     the
                     Mind
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     be
                     of
                     a
                     beautiful
                     Figure
                     ,
                     must
                     have
                     a
                     low
                     Stem
                     ,
                     be
                     open
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     round
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     equally
                     garnish'd
                     on
                     the
                     Sides
                     :
                     Of
                     these
                     four
                     Conditions
                     the
                     most
                     material
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     prescribes
                     the
                     opening
                     of
                     the
                     middle
                     ,
                     the
                     greatest
                     Defect
                     consisting
                     in
                     a
                     Confusion
                     of
                     too
                     much
                     Wood
                     in
                     that
                     very
                     middle
                     ,
                     which
                     of
                     all
                     things
                     must
                     be
                     avoided
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Perfection
                     of
                     a
                     
                       Wall
                       Tree
                    
                     consists
                     in
                     having
                     its
                     strength
                     and
                     Branches
                     equally
                     divided
                     on
                     the
                     two
                     Opposite
                     Sides
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     be
                     equally
                     furnish'd
                     throughout
                     the
                     whole
                     Extent
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     whatever
                     part
                     the
                     Head
                     begins
                     at
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     low
                     Stem
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     case
                     it
                     must
                     begin
                     within
                     half
                     a
                     Foot
                     from
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     or
                     high
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     it
                     begins
                     from
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     Stem
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     commonly
                     about
                     Six
                     or
                     Seven
                     Foot.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     main
                     thing
                     in
                     this
                     depends
                     on
                     the
                     Distinction
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     among
                     the
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     good
                     use
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     of
                     them
                     ;
                     the
                     Branches
                     are
                     either
                     thick
                     and
                     strong
                     ,
                     or
                     slender
                     and
                     weak
                     ;
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     furnishing
                     us
                     with
                     a
                     Reason
                     to
                     take
                     it
                     away
                     or
                     preserve
                     it
                     ,
                     to
                     leave
                     it
                     long
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     prune
                     it
                     short
                     .
                  
                   
                     Among
                     both
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     ill
                     ,
                     whether
                     Thick
                     or
                     Slender
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     good
                     are
                     those
                     that
                     grow
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     Nature
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     have
                     thick
                     or
                     large
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     pretty
                     close
                     to
                     one
                     another
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     ill
                     ones
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     are
                     such
                     as
                     grow
                     against
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     Nature
                     ,
                     have
                     flat
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     a
                     great
                     distance
                     ,
                     for
                     which
                     Reason
                     they
                     are
                     call'd
                     Branches
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     To
                     understand
                     that
                     Order
                     of
                     Nature
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     know
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Place
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Branches
                     should
                     only
                     shoot
                     from
                     those
                     that
                     were
                     cut
                     shorter
                     at
                     the
                     last
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     all
                     such
                     as
                     shoot
                     from
                     other
                     Parts
                     are
                     Branches
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     that
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     New
                     Branches
                     ,
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     more
                     than
                     one
                     ,
                     that
                     which
                     shoots
                     from
                     the
                     Extremity
                     must
                     be
                     thicker
                     and
                     longer
                     than
                     that
                     which
                     grows
                     immediately
                     beneath
                     it
                     ;
                     and
                     this
                     thicker
                     and
                     longer
                     than
                     the
                     third
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     rest
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     when
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     prove
                     thick
                     where
                     they
                     should
                     be
                     slender
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Branch
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood.
                    
                     There
                     are
                     some
                     few
                     Exceptions
                     set
                     down
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Pruning
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     good
                     small
                     Branches
                     ,
                     both
                     as
                     to
                     Stone
                     and
                     Kernel
                     -
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     are
                     the
                     bearing
                     Branches
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     good
                     Thick
                     ones
                     are
                     for
                     Wood
                     ;
                     but
                     quite
                     contrary
                     as
                     to
                     Fig-Trees
                     and
                     Vines
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     Pruning
                     it
                     is
                     generally
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     much
                     more
                     difficult
                     than
                     really
                     it
                     is
                     ;
                     the
                     Principles
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     pretty
                     easie
                     ,
                     being
                     once
                     understood
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     difficulty
                     in
                     the
                     Operation
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     Master-Piece
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Chief
                     Maxims
                     are
                     ,
                     First
                     ,
                     That
                     Young
                     Trees
                     are
                     much
                     more
                     easie
                     to
                     Purne
                     than
                     old
                     Ones
                     ,
                     especially
                     those
                     having
                     been
                     often
                     Ill
                     Prun'd
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     having
                     the
                     Figure
                     they
                     should
                     have
                     :
                     The
                     best
                     Gard'ners
                     are
                     very
                     much
                     put
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     to
                     correct
                     those
                     old
                     Defects
                     .
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     particular
                     Rules
                     for
                     such
                     Inconveniencies
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     strong
                     Branohes
                     must
                     be
                     cut
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     commonly
                     reduc'd
                     to
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     Five
                     ,
                     Six
                     or
                     Seven
                     Inches
                     ;
                     yet
                     there
                     are
                     certain
                     Cases
                     in
                     which
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     kept
                     longer
                     ;
                     but
                     those
                     are
                     not
                     common
                     :
                     I
                     specifie
                     them
                     in
                     my
                     great
                     Treatise
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     That
                     among
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     that
                     may
                     be
                     kept
                     shorter
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     longer
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     even
                     to
                     Eight
                     ,
                     Nine
                     and
                     Ten
                     Inches
                     ;
                     nay
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     a
                     Foot
                     ,
                     a
                     Foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     ,
                     and
                     perhaps
                     more
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     
                       Peach
                       ,
                       Plum
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     
                       Cherry
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     regulated
                     accorded
                     to
                     their
                     Strength
                     and
                     Thickness
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     capable
                     of
                     Nourishing
                     and
                     Bearing
                     ,
                     without
                     breaking
                     such
                     Fruits
                     as
                     they
                     shall
                     be
                     Burthen'd
                     with
                     .
                  
                   
                     Upon
                     Vigorous
                     well
                     Proportion'd
                     Trees
                     ,
                     there
                     can
                     hardly
                     be
                     too
                     many
                     of
                     those
                     we
                     call
                     
                       Branches
                       for
                       Fruit
                    
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     cause
                     no
                     Confusion
                     :
                     But
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Thick
                     ones
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     call
                     
                       Branches
                       for
                       Wood
                    
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Generality
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Trees
                     only
                     one
                     must
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     of
                     all
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     produc'd
                     by
                     every
                     Branch
                     ,
                     having
                     been
                     Prun'd
                     the
                     preceding
                     Year
                     .
                  
                   
                     Unless
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     being
                     very
                     Vigorous
                     ,
                     the
                     Extremities
                     of
                     the
                     new
                     Branches
                     chance
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     distant
                     the
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     looking
                     towards
                     different
                     opposite
                     Parts
                     ,
                     being
                     bare
                     on
                     the
                     sides
                     ;
                     which
                     of
                     necessity
                     will
                     require
                     ,
                     being
                     fill'd
                     up
                     for
                     the
                     perfecting
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     Case
                     we
                     may
                     leave
                     Two
                     ,
                     nay
                     Three
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     all
                     of
                     different
                     Lengths
                     ,
                     and
                     never
                     form
                     a
                     forked
                     Figure
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fruit
                     bearing
                     Branches
                     ,
                     perish
                     after
                     having
                     perform'd
                     their
                     Duty
                     with
                     this
                     Distinction
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     Stone
                     -
                     Fruit
                     they
                     die
                     at
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     one
                     Year
                     ,
                     or
                     Two
                     ,
                     or
                     Three
                     at
                     most
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     in
                     Kernel
                     -
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     not
                     till
                     after
                     having
                     served
                     Four
                     or
                     Five
                     Years
                     .
                  
                   
                     Therefore
                     foresight
                     is
                     of
                     great
                     Use
                     ,
                     to
                     think
                     betimes
                     of
                     providing
                     new
                     Branches
                     to
                     fill
                     up
                     the
                     Room
                     of
                     such
                     as
                     we
                     know
                     are
                     to
                     die
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     avoid
                     growing
                     too
                     bare
                     and
                     barren
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     kind
                     of
                     
                       Fruit
                       Branches
                    
                     are
                     good
                     ,
                     whatever
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     they
                     shoot
                     from
                     ,
                     either
                     Inwards
                     or
                     Outwards
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     a
                     Thick
                     one
                     is
                     always
                     Ill
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     shoots
                     Inwards
                     in
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     to
                     close
                     such
                     as
                     open
                     too
                     much
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     commonly
                     happens
                     in
                     
                       Butter
                       Pear
                       Trees
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     So
                     that
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Beauty
                     and
                     Abundance
                     of
                     the
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     depend
                     chiefly
                     upon
                     good
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     the
                     good
                     Management
                     of
                     certain
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     at
                     once
                     Thick
                     and
                     Good
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     taking
                     quite
                     away
                     of
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     both
                     Thick
                     and
                     Bad.
                     
                  
                   
                     And
                     whereas
                     it
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     that
                     a
                     Branch
                     having
                     been
                     left
                     long
                     the
                     foregoing
                     Year
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     bear
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     receiving
                     more
                     Nourishment
                     than
                     naturally
                     it
                     ought
                     to
                     have
                     ,
                     grows
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     shoots
                     other
                     thick
                     ones
                     .
                     One
                     of
                     the
                     material
                     Points
                     of
                     Pruning
                     consists
                     not
                     only
                     in
                     using
                     this
                     Branch
                     like
                     other
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     but
                     especially
                     in
                     not
                     leaving
                     upon
                     it
                     any
                     thick
                     one
                     grown
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     with
                     a
                     design
                     to
                     let
                     the
                     Tree
                     shoot
                     upwards
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     a
                     Standard
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     good
                     Conduct
                     teaches
                     for
                     the
                     Generality
                     to
                     lower
                     Trees
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     better
                     in
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     wholly
                     to
                     take
                     away
                     the
                     highest
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     thick
                     ,
                     preserving
                     only
                     the
                     lowest
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     do
                     the
                     contrary
                     .
                     Provided
                     always
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     highest
                     prove
                     not
                     better
                     plac'd
                     than
                     the
                     lower
                     ,
                     to
                     contribute
                     towards
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     not
                     usual
                     ;
                     for
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     the
                     lowest
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     away
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     highest
                     preserv'd
                     :
                     The
                     first
                     design
                     in
                     this
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     fine
                     Trees
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     most
                     certain
                     that
                     the
                     Abundance
                     of
                     fine
                     Fruit
                     never
                     fails
                     attending
                     such
                     a
                     Disposition
                     of
                     a
                     fine
                     Figure
                     ,
                     since
                     none
                     of
                     the
                     small
                     Branches
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     are
                     removed
                     ,
                     but
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     are
                     thereby
                     multiplied
                     ,
                     and
                     afterwards
                     freed
                     from
                     whatever
                     might
                     obstruct
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     lowring
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     contracts
                     into
                     the
                     Branch
                     seated
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     that
                     which
                     has
                     been
                     cut
                     down
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     Sap
                     that
                     would
                     have
                     gone
                     into
                     the
                     Superior
                     ,
                     or
                     Superiors
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     taken
                     away
                     ;
                     whereby
                     the
                     preserv'd
                     Branch
                     grows
                     much
                     stronger
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     capable
                     of
                     greater
                     Production
                     than
                     it
                     should
                     have
                     been
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     whereas
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     contrary
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     Nature
                     ,
                     weak
                     Branches
                     shoot
                     from
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     thick
                     one
                     ,
                     that
                     had
                     been
                     shortned
                     at
                     the
                     preceding
                     Pruning
                     ;
                     this
                     Conduct
                     teaches
                     us
                     to
                     preserve
                     those
                     weak
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     perform
                     the
                     Pruning
                     upon
                     that
                     among
                     the
                     thick
                     ones
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     underneath
                     that
                     ,
                     or
                     those
                     weak
                     ones
                     ,
                     appears
                     most
                     proper
                     for
                     the
                     perfecting
                     of
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Besides
                     the
                     Pruning
                     we
                     have
                     now
                     mention'd
                     ,
                     we
                     sometimes
                     perform
                     another
                     Operation
                     which
                     we
                     call
                     Pinching
                     or
                     Breaking
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     commonly
                     of
                     more
                     use
                     for
                     
                       Peach
                       Trees
                    
                     than
                     any
                     others
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     upon
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Graffs
                     perform'd
                     upon
                     thick
                     Vigorous
                     Trees
                     already
                     placed
                     in
                     the
                     Garden
                     :
                     The
                     Effect
                     of
                     this
                     Pinching
                     is
                     to
                     hinder
                     the
                     Branches
                     from
                     growing
                     too
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     useless
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     from
                     growing
                     too
                     long
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     a
                     Tree
                     from
                     shooting
                     upwards
                     too
                     soon
                     ,
                     or
                     from
                     being
                     broken
                     by
                     high
                     Winds
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Effect
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     is
                     likewise
                     to
                     produce
                     many
                     Branches
                     instead
                     of
                     one
                     ,
                     among
                     which
                     some
                     small
                     ones
                     will
                     be
                     of
                     use
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     thick
                     ones
                     for
                     Wood
                     :
                     The
                     use
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     using
                     it
                     ,
                     is
                     about
                     May
                     and
                     June
                     ,
                     and
                     must
                     be
                     perform'd
                     by
                     breaking
                     with
                     the
                     Nail
                     that
                     Branch
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     about
                     half
                     a
                     Foot
                     ,
                     or
                     somewhat
                     more
                     in
                     length
                     ,
                     begins
                     to
                     appear
                     too
                     thick
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     Order
                     to
                     Pinch
                     or
                     break
                     to
                     the
                     purpose
                     ,
                     the
                     thick
                     Branch
                     must
                     be
                     reduc'd
                     to
                     Three
                     or
                     Four
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     ;
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Branch
                     so
                     Pinch'd
                     proves
                     obstinate
                     in
                     shooting
                     thick
                     again
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     Operation
                     of
                     Pinching
                     must
                     be
                     perform'd
                     again
                     ,
                     but
                     a
                     Weak
                     Branch
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     Pinch'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     will
                     neither
                     mention
                     here
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Old
                     Trees
                     ,
                     nor
                     of
                     Vines
                     ,
                     or
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     refer
                     to
                     the
                     particular
                     Treatises
                     I
                     have
                     written
                     upon
                     each
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Tenth
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     commonly
                     towards
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     May
                     that
                     Espaliers
                     or
                     
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     begin
                     to
                     require
                     being
                     Pallisado'd
                     or
                     Bent.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Beauty
                     of
                     Pallisading
                     or
                     bending
                     ,
                     consists
                     in
                     disposing
                     with
                     Order
                     to
                     the
                     Right
                     and
                     Left
                     those
                     Branches
                     that
                     may
                     grow
                     on
                     each
                     side
                     ,
                     to
                     avoid
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     Barrenness
                     and
                     Crossing
                     one
                     another
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     whereas
                     the
                     Defect
                     of
                     Barrenness
                     is
                     the
                     greatest
                     of
                     all
                     ,
                     no
                     scruple
                     must
                     be
                     made
                     of
                     Crossing
                     ,
                     when
                     Barrenness
                     cannot
                     otherwise
                     be
                     avoided
                     .
                  
                   
                     Care
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     to
                     Pallisade
                     or
                     tack
                     as
                     often
                     as
                     the
                     Branches
                     appear
                     long
                     enough
                     to
                     be
                     tack'd
                     ,
                     which
                     otherwise
                     would
                     be
                     in
                     danger
                     of
                     breaking
                     .
                  
                   
                     Above
                     all
                     things
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     necessary
                     to
                     preserve
                     all
                     the
                     fine
                     
                       Branches
                       Peach-Trees
                    
                     shoot
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     unless
                     they
                     prove
                     so
                     numerous
                     as
                     to
                     cause
                     a
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     but
                     seldom
                     in
                     a
                     well
                     order'd
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     however
                     when
                     necessity
                     requires
                     it
                     ,
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Discretion
                     must
                     be
                     used
                     ,
                     in
                     tearing
                     or
                     cutting
                     close
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     Unruly
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     hid
                     from
                     stretching
                     too
                     much
                     ,
                     and
                     growing
                     bad
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     likewise
                     proper
                     to
                     take
                     away
                     the
                     Branches
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     that
                     grow
                     sometimes
                     in
                     the
                     Front
                     of
                     
                       Pear
                       Wall
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     grow
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     call
                     Triming
                     of
                     Buds
                     or
                     useless
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Eleventh
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     likewise
                     very
                     material
                     for
                     the
                     Master
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     to
                     know
                     how
                     to
                     gather
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Fruits
                     well
                     ,
                     of
                     whatever
                     Season
                     they
                     are
                     ;
                     and
                     to
                     lay
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     order
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Store-house
                     ,
                     such
                     as
                     do
                     not
                     ripen
                     upon
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     to
                     preserve
                     both
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     their
                     Natural
                     Beauty
                     ,
                     and
                     eat
                     them
                     in
                     due
                     Season
                     ,
                     without
                     allowing
                     them
                     time
                     to
                     spoil
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     may
                     have
                     been
                     learn'd
                     in
                     the
                     particular
                     Treatise
                     written
                     upon
                     that
                     Subject
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     Twelfth
                     ARTICLE
                     .
                     
                       Which
                       relates
                       to
                    
                     Graffs
                     and
                     Nurseries
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     most
                     common
                     and
                     best
                     Method
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     is
                     either
                     cleftwise
                     ,
                     or
                     Scutcheonwise
                     :
                     The
                     first
                     in
                     February
                     or
                     March
                     upon
                     Trees
                     from
                     the
                     Thickness
                     of
                     an
                     Inch
                     Diameter
                     to
                     Ten
                     and
                     Twelve
                     Inches
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     more
                     :
                     This
                     way
                     of
                     Graffing
                     is
                     good
                     for
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     
                       Fruit
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     excepting
                     only
                     
                       Peach
                       ,
                       Almond
                       ,
                       Mulberry
                       ,
                       Fig-Trees
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     upon
                     which
                     it
                     seldom
                     succeeds
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     
                       Scutcheon
                       Graff
                    
                     for
                     Stone
                     and
                     Kernel
                     -
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     at
                     the
                     Time
                     of
                     shooting
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     perform'd
                     about
                     Midsummer
                     ;
                     if
                     at
                     the
                     closure
                     of
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     
                       Plum
                       ,
                       Pear
                    
                     and
                     Apple-Trees
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     August
                     ;
                     and
                     upon
                     Peach
                     and
                     
                       Almond
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     towards
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     September
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     both
                     on
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     it
                     must
                     only
                     be
                     done
                     about
                     the
                     Declining
                     of
                     the
                     Sap.
                     
                  
                   
                   
                     Every
                     Body
                     knows
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     
                       Graffing
                       Chesnut
                       Trees
                    
                     is
                     Flutewise
                     and
                     towards
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     April
                     or
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Bark
                     begins
                     to
                     loosen
                     with
                     Ease
                     :
                     The
                     
                       Fig
                       Trees
                    
                     may
                     be
                     Grassed
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     plain
                     Scutcheonwise
                     .
                  
                   
                     Vines
                     are
                     Grassed
                     likewise
                     upon
                     old
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     covered
                     with
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     March
                     or
                     April
                     .
                  
                   
                     Pears
                     succeed
                     equally
                     well
                     upon
                     Wildings
                     and
                     
                     Quince-Stocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     Peaches
                     upon
                     Plums
                     and
                     Almonds
                     .
                  
                   
                     Apples
                     upon
                     an
                     Apple
                     Wilding
                     to
                     make
                     great
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     Paradise
                     for
                     Dwarfs
                     .
                  
                   
                     Plums
                     and
                     Apricocks
                     upon
                     the
                     Suckers
                     or
                     New
                     Shoots
                     of
                     
                       Plum
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     best
                     are
                     those
                     of
                     
                       St.
                       Julien
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     black
                     Damask
                     .
                  
                   
                     They
                     succeed
                     sometimes
                     upon
                     
                       Almond
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     also
                     Pears
                     and
                     Plums
                     are
                     Graffed
                     mutually
                     upon
                     each
                     other
                     ,
                     but
                     commonly
                     without
                     success
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       There
                       Remains
                       the
                       last
                       ARTICLE
                    
                     .
                     Which
                     relates
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     to
                     the
                     Profit
                     of
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     to
                     the
                     Work
                     of
                     every
                     Season
                     .
                  
                   
                     AS
                     to
                     the
                     Profit
                     it
                     is
                     sufficient
                     to
                     know
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     must
                     afford
                     its
                     owner
                     some
                     Thing
                     in
                     every
                     Month
                     of
                     the
                     Year
                     :
                     Insomuch
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     may
                     never
                     be
                     necessitated
                     to
                     send
                     for
                     out
                     of
                     his
                     Garden
                     ,
                     what
                     skilful
                     Gard'ners
                     expose
                     to
                     Sale
                     in
                     Publick
                     Places
                     .
                  
                   
                     For
                     Example
                     ,
                     in
                     
                       November
                       ,
                       December
                       ,
                       January
                       ,
                       February
                       ,
                       March
                    
                     and
                     April
                     ,
                     besides
                     what
                     has
                     been
                     preserv'd
                     in
                     the
                     Store-house
                     ,
                     viz.
                     Kernel
                     -
                     
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       Roots
                    
                     of
                     all
                     kinds
                     ,
                     
                       Cardoons
                       ,
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       Colliflowers
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Pumpions
                     .
                     The
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Garden
                    
                     must
                     afford
                     Potherbs
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       Beets
                       ,
                       Winter
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       Leeks
                       ,
                       Chibols
                       ,
                       Parsly
                       ,
                       Mushrums
                       ,
                       Sallads
                       ,
                    
                     especially
                     
                       Winter-Succory
                       ,
                       Selery
                       ,
                       Macedonian
                       Parsly
                    
                     or
                     Smallage
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Furnitures
                     of
                     
                       Charvel
                       ,
                       Burnet
                       ,
                       Alleluya
                    
                     or
                     
                       Wood
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       Balm
                       ,
                       Tarragon
                       ,
                       Passepierre
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     case
                     there
                     be
                     hot
                     Beds
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     great
                     Colds
                     you
                     may
                     expect
                     Novelties
                     ,
                     viz.
                     Green
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     Small
                     
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       Charvil
                       ,
                       Basil
                       ,
                       Cresses
                       ,
                       Hartshorn
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     even
                     
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     at
                     all
                     times
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     added
                     ,
                     Raddishes
                     in
                     February
                     and
                     March
                     ,
                     and
                     Purcelain
                     in
                     April
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     May
                     and
                     June
                     you
                     may
                     easily
                     have
                     abundance
                     of
                     Pot-herbs
                     ,
                     and
                     new
                     Sallads
                     of
                     all
                     Kinds
                     ,
                     
                       viz.
                       Purcelain
                       ,
                       Lettuce
                    
                     to
                     bind
                     ,
                     abundance
                     of
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       Pease
                       ,
                       Beans
                       ,
                       Cowcumbers
                       ,
                       Raddishes
                       ,
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       Goossberries
                       .
                       Currans
                    
                     commonly
                     begin
                     in
                     June
                     ,
                     with
                     Strawberries
                     and
                     Rasberries
                     for
                     the
                     remainder
                     of
                     the
                     Month
                     ,
                     and
                     Mushrums
                     always
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     July
                     and
                     August
                     an
                     equal
                     abundance
                     with
                     the
                     preceding
                     Months
                     .
                     And
                     besides
                     that
                     ,
                     
                       French
                       Beans
                    
                     ,
                     new
                     Apple-Cabbage
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     
                       Melons
                       ,
                       Pears
                       ,
                       Plums
                       ,
                       Peaches
                    
                     and
                     Figs.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     September
                     you
                     begin
                     to
                     have
                     ,
                     besides
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     
                       Muscats
                       ,
                       Chasselas
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Grapes
                     of
                     all
                     kinds
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     second
                     Figs.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     October
                     the
                     same
                     Things
                     ,
                     perhaps
                     excepting
                     the
                     Melons
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     Season
                     generally
                     passes
                     when
                     the
                     Nights
                     grow
                     cool
                     ,
                     and
                     rainy
                     Weather
                     comes
                     in
                     :
                     But
                     in
                     recompence
                     the
                     Autumn
                     produces
                     a
                     world
                     of
                     good
                     Pears
                     and
                     
                       Cardoons
                       ,
                       Selery
                    
                     and
                     
                       Spinage
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     comes
                     in
                     Season
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Method
                     of
                     making
                     all
                     these
                     Things
                     grow
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     the
                     Works
                     of
                     every
                     Month
                     ,
                     is
                     what
                     a
                     Gard'ner
                     must
                     of
                     Necessity
                     Understand
                     and
                     Practice
                     ;
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Master
                     shall
                     be
                     so
                     curious
                     as
                     either
                     to
                     desire
                     to
                     Understand
                     it
                     himself
                     ,
                     to
                     correct
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     when
                     he
                     fails
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     enjoy
                     the
                     Pleasure
                     of
                     seeing
                     the
                     Order
                     and
                     Succession
                     of
                     the
                     Productions
                     .
                     He
                     may
                     afford
                     himself
                     that
                     divertisement
                     ,
                     in
                     reading
                     the
                     Book
                     in
                     which
                     this
                     Matter
                     is
                     throughly
                     treated
                     of
                     ,
                     besides
                     he
                     may
                     fully
                     inform
                     himself
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     Rest
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     from
                     all
                     the
                     particular
                     Treatises
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     written
                     upon
                     every
                     individual
                     Part
                     thereof
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     make
                     Choice
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Gard'ner
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   for
                   our
                   Virtuoso
                   to
                   have
                   acquired
                   the
                   Understanding
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   moreover
                   be
                   Capacitated
                   to
                   judge
                   by
                   
                   himself
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   other
                   help
                   of
                   the
                   Skill
                   ,
                   or
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   never
                   to
                   be
                   deceiv'd
                   in
                   his
                   Choice
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   the
                   Truth
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Qualifications
                   ,
                   essential
                   to
                   that
                   Employment
                   ,
                   is
                   so
                   considerable
                   ,
                   that
                   whenever
                   I
                   reflect
                   on
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   almost
                   Despair
                   of
                   ever
                   meeting
                   with
                   an
                   Accomplish'd
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   yet
                   without
                   rendring
                   the
                   thing
                   almost
                   Impossible
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   minding
                   a
                   scruple
                   that
                   comes
                   into
                   my
                   mind
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   can
                   say
                   nothing
                   here
                   but
                   what
                   every
                   Body
                   knows
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   my self
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   treat
                   of
                   this
                   Business
                   at
                   large
                   ,
                   being
                   perswaded
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   Essential
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   belong
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   and
                   indeed
                   the
                   very
                   Soul
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   for
                   since
                   a
                   perpetual
                   Culture
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   way
                   to
                   render
                   a
                   Garden
                   Delightful
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   ever
                   to
                   expect
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   a
                   Skilful
                   Laborious
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   barely
                   relating
                   my
                   Method
                   on
                   such
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   act
                   Prudently
                   in
                   the
                   Choice
                   of
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   mind
                   fitst
                   the
                   exterior
                   Part
                   of
                   his
                   Person
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   secondly
                   ,
                   the
                   good
                   interior
                   Qualifications
                   that
                   are
                   absolutely
                   requir'd
                   in
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   By
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   his
                   Age
                   ,
                   Health
                   ,
                   Shape
                   and
                   Motion
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   Probity
                   in
                   his
                   Manners
                   ,
                   Honesty
                   in
                   his
                   common
                   Dealings
                   ,
                   and
                   chiefly
                   Capacity
                   in
                   his
                   Profession
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   good
                   Qualifications
                   of
                   the
                   Outside
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Eyes
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   and
                   first
                   Judges
                   ;
                   for
                   often
                   at
                   first
                   sight
                   we
                   find
                   our selves
                   all
                   of
                   a
                   sudden
                   inclined
                   either
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Liking
                   and
                   Esteem
                   ,
                   or
                   Scorn
                   and
                   Aversion
                   for
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   that
                   offers
                   himself
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Consideration
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   about
                   Age
                   ,
                   Health
                   ,
                   Shape
                   and
                   Motion
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   
                   for
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   that
                   is
                   neither
                   too
                   Old
                   nor
                   too
                   Young
                   ;
                   both
                   Extreams
                   being
                   equally
                   dangerous
                   .
                   Too
                   much
                   Youth
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   suspected
                   of
                   Ignorance
                   and
                   Wildness
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   much
                   Age
                   ,
                   unless
                   supported
                   by
                   some
                   Children
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   Age
                   and
                   some
                   Capacity
                   ,
                   is
                   Subject
                   to
                   Laziness
                   or
                   Infirmity
                   .
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   Age
                   is
                   from
                   Twenty-five
                   to
                   Fifty
                   and
                   Fifty-five
                   ,
                   carefully
                   observing
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   Face
                   denotes
                   any
                   visible
                   Appearance
                   of
                   Health
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   evaporated
                   Brain
                   ,
                   or
                   foolish
                   Presumption
                   ;
                   likewise
                   carefully
                   chusing
                   a
                   Shape
                   and
                   Motion
                   denoting
                   a
                   Sturdy
                   ,
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   Nimble
                   Man
                   ,
                   not
                   affecting
                   to
                   be
                   dress'd
                   or
                   adorn'd
                   above
                   the
                   common
                   Station
                   of
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ;
                   all
                   which
                   Observations
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   believ'd
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   affirm
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   material
                   .
                
                 
                   Being
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   the
                   Exterior
                   part
                   ,
                   the
                   Essential
                   Proofs
                   of
                   his
                   Merit
                   must
                   be
                   examin'd
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   End
                   a
                   little
                   Conversation
                   will
                   be
                   requir'd
                   with
                   the
                   said
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     To
                     know
                     the
                     Place
                     whence
                     he
                     comes
                     ,
                     the
                     Times
                     he
                     has
                     lived
                     there
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Reason
                     of
                     his
                     leaving
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     Where
                     he
                     has
                     learn'd
                     his
                     Trade
                     ,
                     what
                     part
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     he
                     is
                     most
                     vers'd
                     in
                     ,
                     whether
                     of
                     Fruit
                     or
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     Flowers
                     or
                     Orange-Gardens
                     .
                     These
                     being
                     the
                     two
                     different
                     Classis
                     of
                     Gard'ning
                     ,
                     that
                     appear
                     at
                     present
                     best
                     establish'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     whether
                     he
                     is
                     Married
                     and
                     has
                     Children
                     ,
                     and
                     whether
                     his
                     Wife
                     and
                     Children
                     work
                     in
                     the
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   whether
                   he
                   can
                   Write
                   and
                   Draw
                   ;
                   those
                   being
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   all
                   proper
                   Questions
                   for
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   Sence
                   to
                   make
                   on
                   such
                   Occasions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                   Gardner's
                   Answer
                   to
                   the
                   First
                   ,
                   may
                   give
                   us
                   great
                   Light
                   to
                   Judge
                   of
                   his
                   Desert
                   or
                   Imperfections
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   if
                   he
                   names
                   several
                   Credible
                   Houses
                   where
                   he
                   has
                   liv'd
                   in
                   a
                   few
                   Years
                   Compass
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   good
                   Reasons
                   for
                   his
                   leaving
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   give
                   cause
                   to
                   suspect
                   either
                   his
                   Ignorance
                   or
                   Debauchness
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   he
                   give
                   warrantable
                   Reasons
                   for
                   his
                   so
                   doing
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   an
                   Inducement
                   to
                   resolve
                   upon
                   the
                   taking
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   first
                   made
                   the
                   usual
                   Enquiries
                   in
                   such
                   Cases
                   ,
                   and
                   receiv'd
                   a
                   good
                   Account
                   of
                   his
                   Conduct
                   ,
                   from
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   giving
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   whom
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   expected
                   ,
                   provided
                   Malice
                   and
                   Revenge
                   have
                   no
                   part
                   in
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   been
                   inform'd
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   of
                   his
                   Prudence
                   and
                   Honesty
                   in
                   his
                   way
                   of
                   
                   Living
                   ,
                   of
                   his
                   not
                   being
                   insatiably
                   greedy
                   after
                   Gain
                   ,
                   of
                   his
                   giving
                   his
                   Master
                   a
                   good
                   account
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Productions
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   ,
                   without
                   imbezling
                   any
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   upon
                   any
                   account
                   whatever
                   ;
                   of
                   his
                   being
                   always
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   last
                   at
                   his
                   Work
                   ;
                   of
                   his
                   being
                   neat
                   
                   and
                   curious
                   in
                   what
                   he
                   does
                   ;
                   of
                   his
                   Trees
                   being
                   always
                   well
                   prun'd
                   and
                   cleans'd
                   ,
                   his
                   Wall-Trees
                   
                   well
                   order'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   his
                   delighting
                   in
                   his
                   Gardens
                   above
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   especially
                   upon
                   holy
                   days
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   instead
                   of
                   debauching
                   and
                   carousing
                   at
                   such
                   times
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   for
                   most
                   Gard'ners
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   seen
                   walking
                   in
                   his
                   Gardens
                   with
                   his
                   Servants
                   ,
                   making
                   them
                   observe
                   what
                   is
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   is
                   ill
                   in
                   every
                   Place
                   ,
                   determining
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   upon
                   every
                   work-day
                   of
                   the
                   Week
                   ,
                   even
                   taking
                   away
                   harmful
                   Insects
                   ,
                   and
                   tacking
                   
                   some
                   Branches
                   that
                   might
                   be
                   broken
                   and
                   spoil'd
                   by
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   put
                   off
                   to
                   the
                   next
                   day
                   ;
                   gathering
                   fine
                   Fruits
                   that
                   might
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   being
                   spoil'd
                   in
                   falling
                   ;
                   taking
                   up
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   fallen
                   ;
                   Trimming
                   the
                   Buds
                   or
                   useless
                   Branches
                   that
                   offend
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   and
                   spoil
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   taken
                   notice
                   off
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   little
                   Cares
                   challenge
                   as
                   much
                   esteem
                   and
                   kindness
                   towards
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   as
                   any
                   other
                   Testimony
                   he
                   can
                   render
                   ;
                   it
                   shews
                   his
                   being
                   well
                   Intention'd
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   has
                   some
                   Qualifications
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   but
                   seldom
                   acquir'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   Natural
                   ,
                   viz.
                   Affection
                   ,
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   Neatness
                   and
                   a
                   docible
                   Spirit
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   a
                   Garden
                   is
                   generally
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   Case
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Man.
                   It
                   generally
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   in
                   producing
                   Novelties
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   clean
                   and
                   free
                   from
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   the
                   Walks
                   are
                   neat
                   and
                   well
                   level'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   commonly
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   all
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   expected
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   ;
                   happy
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   can
                   meet
                   with
                   such
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   no
                   cause
                   to
                   complain
                   ,
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   other
                   Gentlemen
                   daily
                   do
                   ,
                   of
                   their
                   ill
                   Fortune
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   scarcity
                   of
                   good
                   Workmen
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   wonder'd
                   at
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Ingenious
                   Men
                   of
                   most
                   kinds
                   is
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   ;
                   the
                   source
                   of
                   the
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   most
                   Gard'ners
                   proceeding
                   from
                   their
                   knowing
                   nothing
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   they
                   have
                   seen
                   practis'd
                   ,
                   by
                   those
                   under
                   whom
                   they
                   first
                   began
                   to
                   work
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   kind
                   of
                   Masters
                   had
                   never
                   learn'd
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   nor
                   imagin'd
                   of
                   themselves
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   every
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Work
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   not
                   knowing
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   continuing
                   to
                   work
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   by
                   chance
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   by
                   rote
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   no
                   more
                   capable
                   of
                   teaching
                   it
                   ,
                   than
                   their
                   Prentices
                   of
                   enquiring
                   it
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   perhaps
                   excepting
                   some
                   Skill
                   in
                   grassing
                   and
                   couching
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   Tilling
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   ordering
                   of
                   a
                   Bed
                   ,
                   sowing
                   and
                   watering
                   some
                   Seeds
                   ,
                   clipping
                   of
                   Box
                   and
                   Pallisados
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   all
                   very
                   easie
                   to
                   do
                   and
                   learn
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   learn'd
                   by
                   Boys
                   seeing
                   others
                   do
                   it
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   excepting
                   such
                   kind
                   of
                   Works
                   which
                   are
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   material
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   affirm'd
                   that
                   they
                   hardly
                   know
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   especially
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   beauty
                   and
                   singular
                   goodness
                   of
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   their
                   Maturity
                   well
                   understood
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   uninterrupted
                   succession
                   of
                   the
                   Novelties
                   of
                   every
                   Month
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Indeed
                   they
                   have
                   attain'd
                   the
                   boldness
                   and
                   dexterity
                   of
                   using
                   the
                   Saw
                   and
                   Pruning-knife
                   ,
                   
                   but
                   never
                   had
                   any
                   Rules
                   or
                   Principles
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   Judiciously
                   ;
                   they
                   venture
                   to
                   cut
                   at
                   random
                   ,
                   what
                   they
                   think
                   good
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   the
                   Expression
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   oppose
                   its
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   is
                   mangled
                   and
                   maim'd
                   ,
                   discovering
                   its
                   Grievances
                   ,
                   by
                   falling
                   into
                   decay
                   ,
                   by
                   its
                   ill
                   favour'd
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   by
                   the
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   ill
                   Fruit
                   it
                   produces
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   in
                   reality
                   the
                   common
                   Prenticeship
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   the
                   Epidemical
                   Disease
                   of
                   all
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   well
                   meaning
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   without
                   doubt
                   would
                   grow
                   skilful
                   ,
                   were
                   they
                   well
                   Instructed
                   ;
                   those
                   deserve
                   Pity
                   and
                   Assistance
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   never
                   fail
                   to
                   assist
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   I
                   can
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   also
                   sensible
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   ,
                   who
                   either
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   having
                   been
                   brought
                   up
                   under
                   a
                   good
                   Master
                   ,
                   have
                   both
                   Worth
                   and
                   Capacity
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   are
                   careful
                   of
                   making
                   good
                   Prentices
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   brought
                   up
                   by
                   such
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   approv'd
                   by
                   their
                   Masters
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   though
                   these
                   Precautions
                   might
                   seem
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   still
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   we
                   ingage
                   any
                   farther
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   only
                   wanting
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   for
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Garden
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   some
                   occasion
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   you
                   have
                   some
                   Inclination
                   to
                   choose
                   ,
                   set
                   his
                   hands
                   to
                   some
                   laborious
                   piece
                   of
                   Work
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   how
                   he
                   goes
                   about
                   it
                   ;
                   as
                   to
                   Till
                   some
                   spot
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   to
                   carry
                   some
                   Watering-Pots
                   ,
                   &c.
                   by
                   which
                   Tryals
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   easie
                   to
                   judge
                   whether
                   he
                   has
                   those
                   necessary
                   Qualifications
                   of
                   Body
                   ;
                   whether
                   he
                   acts
                   naturally
                   ,
                   or
                   forces
                   himself
                   ;
                   if
                   he
                   be
                   handy
                   and
                   laborious
                   ,
                   or
                   clumsey
                   and
                   effeminate
                   :
                   A
                   man
                   that
                   is
                   soon
                   out
                   of
                   breath
                   ,
                   does
                   more
                   than
                   his
                   strength
                   can
                   permit
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   cannot
                   make
                   a
                   good
                   Workman
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   a
                   lasting
                   one
                   ;
                   such
                   a
                   man
                   is
                   not
                   fit
                   for
                   our
                   turn
                   ,
                   unless
                   we
                   barely
                   want
                   one
                   to
                   order
                   and
                   manage
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   usual
                   ,
                   unless
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   where
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 
                   Supposing
                   we
                   are
                   hitherto
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   the
                   Answers
                   and
                   Work
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   offers
                   himself
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   still
                   other
                   very
                   material
                   Qualifications
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   mention'd
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   write
                   a
                   Letter
                   ,
                   for
                   though
                   writing
                   be
                   not
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   in
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   granted
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   advantage
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   being
                   absent
                   from
                   his
                   Master
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   receive
                   his
                   Orders
                   himself
                   ,
                   give
                   him
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   ,
                   keep
                   a
                   Register
                   of
                   all
                   he
                   does
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   If
                   marry'd
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   sit
                   that
                   his
                   Wife
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   her
                   Family
                   ,
                   may
                   love
                   and
                   be
                   capable
                   of
                   working
                   about
                   her
                   Husband's
                   Trade
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   inestimable
                   Treasure
                   for
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   Fortune
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   :
                   Such
                   a
                   Wife
                   cleanses
                   ,
                   scrapes
                   and
                   weeds
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   Master
                   and
                   his
                   Men
                   labour
                   about
                   harder
                   ,
                   more
                   in
                   haste
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   material
                   Works
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   her
                   Husband
                   is
                   absent
                   or
                   sick
                   ,
                   she
                   calls
                   upon
                   every
                   body
                   to
                   do
                   their
                   duty
                   ;
                   she
                   gathers
                   the
                   Legumes
                   and
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   often
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   perishes
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   being
                   gather'd
                   in
                   due
                   time
                   :
                   In
                   sine
                   ,
                   she
                   is
                   to
                   prevent
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   disorders
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   observe
                   ,
                   where
                   a
                   Gard'ner's
                   Wife
                   does
                   not
                   love
                   to
                   work
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   .
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   see
                   her
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   whether
                   such
                   important
                   helps
                   may
                   be
                   expected
                   from
                   her
                   ,
                   and
                   see
                   whether
                   she
                   be
                   cleanly
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   nothing
                   disgusting
                   in
                   her
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   I
                   might
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   many
                   Countrey
                   Houses
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   is
                   made
                   House-keeper
                   ,
                   when
                   his
                   Wife
                   is
                   ingenious
                   and
                   cleanly
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   always
                   of
                   great
                   Use
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   It
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   enquire
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   the
                   Masters
                   under
                   whom
                   this
                   Gard'ner
                   has
                   learn'd
                   his
                   Trade
                   ;
                   when
                   he
                   cites
                   for
                   a
                   good
                   Master
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   known
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   and
                   values
                   himself
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   sign
                   of
                   Incapacity
                   ,
                   though
                   in
                   other
                   things
                   the
                   Prentice
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   know
                   more
                   than
                   his
                   Master
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   yet
                   some
                   other
                   Marks
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   easie
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   the
                   Merit
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   like
                   a
                   great
                   Babler
                   ,
                   who
                   talks
                   of
                   nothing
                   but
                   his
                   Skill
                   ,
                   or
                   affects
                   hard
                   Words
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   thinks
                   are
                   fine
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   really
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   do
                   I
                   like
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   without
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   good
                   reason
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   values
                   himself
                   upon
                   equally
                   despising
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   not
                   seen
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   seen
                   ,
                   who
                   has
                   so
                   great
                   
                   an
                   Opinion
                   of
                   his
                   Ability
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   think
                   that
                   he
                   can
                   learn
                   nothing
                   new
                   ;
                   who
                   thinks
                   he
                   should
                   wrong
                   himself
                   in
                   inquiring
                   after
                   ,
                   or
                   hearkening
                   to
                   Men
                   of
                   Reputation
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   this
                   Wretch
                   thereby
                   fear'd
                   to
                   bring
                   his
                   Knowledge
                   in
                   question
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   ,
                   who
                   upon
                   the
                   Questions
                   that
                   are
                   made
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   answer
                   with
                   a
                   disdainful
                   Smile
                   .
                   It
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   fine
                   thing
                   if
                   at
                   my
                   Age
                   I
                   did
                   not
                   know
                   my
                   Trade
                   ,
                   and
                   thereupon
                   would
                   not
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   acknowledge
                   their
                   Faults
                   ,
                   or
                   be
                   better
                   inform'd
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   who
                   always
                   affect
                   to
                   ruin
                   whatever
                   is
                   Ancient
                   in
                   their
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   make
                   perpetual
                   Novelties
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   study
                   to
                   amuse
                   their
                   Masters
                   with
                   some
                   hopes
                   of
                   the
                   future
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   hinder
                   him
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   from
                   perceiving
                   their
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   past
                   or
                   present
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   their
                   Profit
                   by
                   the
                   Expence
                   incident
                   to
                   new
                   Works
                   .
                
                 
                   On
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   others
                   ,
                   whose
                   Stupidity
                   is
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   never
                   imagine
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   rather
                   leave
                   the
                   Gardens
                   they
                   undertake
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Condition
                   they
                   find
                   them
                   ,
                   though
                   never
                   so
                   much
                   out
                   of
                   Order
                   ,
                   than
                   alter
                   the
                   least
                   thing
                   about
                   them
                   ;
                   who
                   having
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   ugly
                   Trees
                   ,
                   quite
                   decay'd
                   ,
                   or
                   squares
                   of
                   
                     Strawberrys
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                  
                   and
                   
                     Sparagus
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   no
                   longer
                   producing
                   any
                   thing
                   fine
                   or
                   good
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   remedy
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   easie
                   ,
                   will
                   cry
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   enough
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   preserve
                   things
                   as
                   they
                   find
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   are
                   equally
                   to
                   be
                   avoided
                   ;
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   continually
                   braging
                   of
                   their
                   Skill
                   in
                   Graffing
                   ,
                   thereby
                   likewise
                   give
                   an
                   infallible
                   proof
                   of
                   their
                   Incapacity
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   graff
                   well
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   I
                   know
                   that
                   a
                   Woman
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Child
                   of
                   eight
                   or
                   ten
                   years
                   of
                   Age
                   ,
                   may
                   do
                   it
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   best
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   nothing
                   has
                   produc'd
                   so
                   many
                   Block-heads
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   Skill
                   in
                   Graffing
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   the
                   Nusseries
                   that
                   produce
                   so
                   many
                   pittiful
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   corrupted
                   and
                   infected
                   all
                   that
                   belongs
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   looking
                   upon
                   themselves
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   greatest
                   Masters
                   in
                   that
                   Art
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   can
                   Graff
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   that
                   belief
                   undertake
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   any
                   Garden
                   what
                   ever
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   yet
                   another
                   kind
                   of
                   Blockheads
                   ,
                   who
                   cannot
                   speak
                   Three
                   Words
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Trade
                   ,
                   without
                   intermixing
                   the
                   Full
                   and
                   Wainal-Moon
                   .
                   Pretending
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   knowing
                   no
                   Reason
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   Observation
                   altogether
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Success
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   belongs
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   :
                   They
                   really
                   Fancy
                   they
                   can
                   perswade
                   us
                   by
                   such
                   Words
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   acquainted
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Mysteries
                   of
                   that
                   Art
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   said
                   with
                   a
                   Presumptuous
                   Haughtiness
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Jargon
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   Friday
                   bears
                   a
                   Decrease
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Good-Friday
                   is
                   Infallible
                   for
                   Sowing
                   and
                   Graffing
                   ,
                   for
                   Planting
                   and
                   
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   They
                   really
                   think
                   't
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   Happiness
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   for
                   any
                   Body
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   for
                   their
                   Gard'ners
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   fully
                   examine
                   in
                   my
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Reflection
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   those
                   Visions
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   I
                   really
                   look
                   upon
                   to
                   be
                   as
                   Ridiculous
                   as
                   Old
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   always
                   suspect
                   those
                   talkers
                   of
                   Decrease
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   Dumb
                   upon
                   the
                   least
                   difficulty
                   propos'd
                   to
                   them
                   upon
                   such
                   Maxims
                   ,
                   their
                   sole
                   Answer
                   being
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   this
                   they
                   follow
                   an
                   Opinion
                   in
                   Vogue
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   over
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   pretty
                   Exact
                   in
                   the
                   Observation
                   of
                   the
                   Good
                   and
                   Ill
                   Qualifications
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   commonly
                   met
                   with
                   among
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   now
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   know
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   to
                   enjoin
                   them
                   to
                   study
                   Carefully
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   improve
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   Skill
                   and
                   Capacity
                   ,
                   I
                   conjure
                   them
                   with
                   all
                   my
                   Heart
                   to
                   continue
                   to
                   perfect
                   themselves
                   ,
                   thereby
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   to
                   deserve
                   the
                   Favour
                   of
                   their
                   Masters
                   ,
                   if
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                   to
                   deserve
                   better
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   find
                   my self
                   very
                   much
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   oblige
                   all
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   desirous
                   to
                   learn
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   assisting
                   them
                   with
                   some
                   Instructions
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   sufficiently
                   acquainted
                   with
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Procuring
                   them
                   good
                   Places
                   ,
                   in
                   considerable
                   Houses
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   Hand
                   to
                   Despise
                   ,
                   and
                   render
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   good
                   Offices
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   〈…〉
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   altogether
                   necessary
                   ,
                   Qualifications
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   ease
                   the
                   Mind
                   of
                   a
                   Master
                   who
                   wants
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   himself
                   be
                   
                   not
                   Ignorant
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Maxims
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   he
                   cannot
                   do
                   better
                   than
                   to
                   Examin
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   comes
                   to
                   offer
                   his
                   Service
                   ,
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   principal
                   Points
                   of
                   Culture
                   ,
                   being
                   perswaded
                   that
                   commonly
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   work-Men
                   ,
                   can
                   speak
                   Indifferently
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   Trade
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   ill
                   Sign
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   cannot
                   speak
                   three
                   Words
                   to
                   the
                   purpose
                   about
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   but
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   People
                   who
                   can
                   work
                   better
                   than
                   Talk
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   who
                   naturally
                   have
                   more
                   Facility
                   to
                   express
                   themselves
                   than
                   others
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   we
                   look
                   first
                   for
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   not
                   Orators
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   expect
                   no
                   Eloquence
                   ,
                   only
                   some
                   marks
                   of
                   a
                   Necessary
                   Capacity
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   be
                   satisfied
                   that
                   a
                   Garden
                   will
                   always
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   in
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   hope
                   for
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   of
                   having
                   sometimes
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   discoursing
                   about
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   propose
                   Questions
                   upon
                   the
                   Matter
                   occurring
                   .
                   A
                   Judicious
                   Man
                   can
                   never
                   want
                   Capacity
                   to
                   Judge
                   and
                   Distinguish
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   or
                   indifferent
                   for
                   his
                   Use
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   being
                   satisfied
                   with
                   what
                   Reason
                   and
                   his
                   Occasions
                   may
                   require
                   of
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   without
                   looking
                   farther
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 Part.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 
              
               
                 OF
                 FRUIT-GARDENS
                 AND
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
                 VOL.
                 I.
                 PART
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 Am
                 particularly
                 to
                 treat
                 here
                 of
                 Four
                 Things
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Advantages
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 for
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 Gardens
                 :
                 The
                 second
                 relating
                 to
                 Earth
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 to
                 those
                 Gardens
                 :
                 The
                 third
                 ,
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 proper
                 to
                 Correct
                 the
                 Defects
                 we
                 meet
                 with
                 in
                 Gardens
                 already
                 made
                 :
                 The
                 fourth
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 
                   Cultivating
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 such
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 Soil
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 proper
                 for
                 every
                 particular
                 Kind
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 speak
                 of
                 what
                 relates
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 Article
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 first
                 declar'd
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 only
                 to
                 treat
                 here
                 of
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 City
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 which
                 commonly
                 are
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 Moderate
                 Compass
                 :
                 The
                 Ground
                 of
                 considerable
                 Cities
                 being
                 too
                 precious
                 to
                 employ
                 much
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 Gard'ning
                 ,
                 or
                 Country
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 the
                 generality
                 are
                 pretty
                 large
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 much
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 the
                 Abilities
                 of
                 the
                 Master
                 ,
                 and
                 Stateliness
                 of
                 every
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 sensible
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 generality
                 ,
                 both
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 Gardens
                 are
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Conveniency
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 should
                 be
                 pretty
                 close
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 yet
                 considering
                 that
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 require
                 a
                 pretty
                 large
                 Extent
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 yield
                 considerably
                 ,
                 being
                 necessary
                 for
                 Sustenance
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Pleasure
                 :
                 In
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 that
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 built
                 for
                 the
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 Gardens
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 Considerations
                 in
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 Houses
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 particularly
                 to
                 pitch
                 upon
                 a
                 proper
                 Place
                 to
                 make
                 fine
                 and
                 good
                 Gardens
                 with
                 Ease
                 ,
                 which
                 however
                 is
                 but
                 seldom
                 minded
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 other
                 more
                 prevailing
                 Considerations
                 most
                 People
                 fix
                 upon
                 :
                 For
                 Instance
                 ,
                 a
                 fine
                 Prospect
                 ,
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 a
                 Wood
                 or
                 River
                 ,
                 the
                 Conveniency
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 the
                 Facility
                 of
                 making
                 Fountains
                 or
                 Canals
                 ,
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Income
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Consideration
                 of
                 the
                 Adjacency
                 of
                 Friends
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Gardens
                 in
                 Question
                 are
                 commonly
                 the
                 last
                 Thing
                 thought
                 upon
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 consequently
                 much
                 more
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 Nicety
                 and
                 After-thought
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 Choice
                 or
                 Forecast
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 common
                 to
                 become
                 Master
                 of
                 a
                 House
                 ready
                 Built
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Purchase
                 or
                 Succession
                 ,
                 &c.
                 than
                 to
                 chuse
                 the
                 Situation
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 generally
                 People
                 are
                 necessitated
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 Gardens
                 as
                 the
                 Dependencies
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 will
                 allow
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 commonly
                 so
                 good
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 supposing
                 a
                 Man
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 chuse
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 take
                 the
                 Liberty
                 to
                 explain
                 here
                 what
                 I
                 think
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 to
                 suceeed
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 for
                 a
                 House
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 would
                 willingly
                 do
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 that
                 House
                 ,
                 were
                 this
                 a
                 proper
                 Place
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Conditions
                     that
                     are
                     necessary
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     Good
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Find
                   in
                   this
                   seven
                   particular
                   Considerations
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   very
                   material
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     I
                     would
                     have
                     the
                     Ground
                     good
                     ,
                     whatever
                     Colour
                     it
                     were
                     of
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     A
                     favourable
                     Situation
                     and
                     Exposition
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     An
                     easie
                     Conveniency
                     of
                     Water
                     ,
                     for
                     watering
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     To
                     have
                     the
                     Ground
                     upon
                     a
                     small
                     rising
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fifthly
                     ,
                     An
                     agreeable
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     well
                     plac'd
                     Entrance
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sixthly
                     ,
                     A
                     fine
                     Enclosure
                     of
                     pretty
                     high
                     Walls
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   case
                   this
                   Garden
                   were
                   not
                   within
                   sight
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   might
                   not
                   be
                   far
                   distant
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Access
                   to
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   easie
                   and
                   convenient
                   :
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   explain
                   those
                   seven
                   Articles
                   asunder
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   shew
                   whether
                   my
                   wish
                   be
                   grounded
                   upon
                   sufficient
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   and
                   whether
                   the
                   Execution
                   of
                   it
                   be
                   material
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Earth
                     in
                     General
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IN
                   Order
                   to
                   prove
                   what
                   Earth
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   taking
                   in
                   a
                   Philosophical
                   or
                   Christian
                   Sence
                   ,
                   whereby
                   is
                   understood
                   the
                   whole
                   Mass
                   ,
                   this
                   not
                   being
                   a
                   question
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   decided
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   sufficient
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   Earth
                   being
                   considered
                   in
                   that
                   Sence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   round
                   Mass
                   ,
                   which
                   forming
                   one
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   created
                   World
                   ,
                   is
                   Situated
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Celestial
                   Sphere
                   ;
                   where
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Orders
                   of
                   the
                   Creator
                   ,
                   it
                   sustains
                   it self
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   by
                   its
                   own
                   Weight
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   to
                   take
                   Earth
                   in
                   the
                   Sence
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Husbandman
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   Explain
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   small
                   Particles
                   that
                   compose
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Culture
                   it
                   receives
                   from
                   the
                   Hand
                   of
                   Man.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   that
                   Sence
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   is
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   a
                   certain
                   kind
                   of
                   small
                   Sand
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   the
                   Operation
                   of
                   a
                   certain
                   Salt
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   Nature
                   has
                   endued
                   every
                   Grain
                   of
                   that
                   Sand
                   ,
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   Vegetables
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   several
                   Grains
                   together
                   ,
                   which
                   receiving
                   a
                   temperate
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   form
                   a
                   compacted
                   Body
                   ,
                   which
                   afterwards
                   receiving
                   some
                   degrees
                   of
                   moderate
                   Heat
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   compose
                   an
                   animated
                   Body
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   without
                   these
                   two
                   helps
                   of
                   Moisture
                   and
                   Heat
                   ,
                   this
                   Earth
                   remains
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   dead
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   almost
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   that
                   Flower
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   entire
                   Body
                   ,
                   composed
                   of
                   an
                   Infinite
                   Number
                   of
                   small
                   Particles
                   ,
                   all
                   well
                   seperated
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   this
                   Flower
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   being
                   moistned
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   degree
                   ,
                   forms
                   Paste
                   or
                   Pap
                   ,
                   either
                   of
                   which
                   being
                   season'd
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Salt
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   heated
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   degree
                   ,
                   become
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   Man
                   ;
                   whereas
                   this
                   Flower
                   would
                   remain
                   useless
                   or
                   dead
                   ,
                   if
                   Water
                   ,
                   Salt
                   and
                   Fire
                   were
                   not
                   introduc'd
                   to
                   Animate
                   it
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   this
                   difference
                   between
                   Earth
                   and
                   Flower
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   last
                   being
                   once
                   wetted
                   ,
                   alters
                   its
                   nature
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   cannot
                   return
                   to
                   its
                   first
                   Condition
                   ,
                   although
                   the
                   Moisture
                   be
                   altogether
                   drein'd
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   
                   whereas
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   Earth
                   having
                   once
                   lost
                   the
                   Moisture
                   it
                   had
                   receiv'd
                   ,
                   remains
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Condition
                   it
                   was
                   before
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   receives
                   a
                   second
                   Moisture
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   this
                   difference
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   destroy
                   our
                   Comparison
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   that
                   induces
                   me
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   Earth
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Sand
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   handling
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   really
                   appears
                   a
                   sandy
                   Thing
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   take
                   upon
                   me
                   to
                   explain
                   what
                   Sand
                   is
                   ,
                   since
                   I
                   can
                   say
                   nothing
                   that
                   is
                   particular
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   nor
                   new
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   say
                   in
                   General
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   kind
                   of
                   Sands
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   are
                   very
                   dry
                   and
                   barren
                   ,
                   like
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   Sand
                   Pits
                   ,
                   &c.
                   others
                   Fat
                   and
                   Fruitful
                   ,
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   some
                   less
                   :
                   Those
                   that
                   are
                   Fattest
                   and
                   most
                   Fertile
                   ,
                   make
                   the
                   best
                   Earth
                   ;
                   the
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   Fat
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   no
                   Fatness
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   make
                   but
                   ordinary
                   or
                   bad
                   Earth
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Light
                   ,
                   Dry
                   and
                   Sandy
                   :
                   Moreover
                   some
                   are
                   softer
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   soft
                   easie
                   Soil
                   or
                   Mould
                   ;
                   others
                   courser
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   a
                   rough
                   Loam
                   ,
                   hard
                   to
                   be
                   manag'd
                   .
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   Unctuous
                   and
                   Sticking
                   together
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   but
                   moderately
                   so
                   ,
                   make
                   strong
                   Earth
                   ;
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   more
                   inclining
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   make
                   clean
                   Loamy
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   extreamly
                   Unctuous
                   ,
                   make
                   clayish
                   and
                   heavy
                   Earth
                   ,
                   altogether
                   unfit
                   for
                   Culture
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Sands
                   ,
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   Fruitfulness
                   and
                   Barrenness
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   others
                   which
                   only
                   differ
                   as
                   to
                   Colour
                   ;
                   for
                   among
                   Sands
                   some
                   are
                   Blackish
                   ,
                   others
                   Reddish
                   ;
                   some
                   are
                   White
                   ,
                   some
                   Grey
                   and
                   others
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   &c.
                   from
                   whence
                   Earth
                   derive
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   Black
                   ,
                   Red
                   ,
                   White
                   ,
                   Grey
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Colours
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   Essential
                   to
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   Soil
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   shall
                   demonstrate
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Fertile
                   Sands
                   have
                   really
                   some
                   Qualities
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   a
                   certain
                   fruitful
                   Salt
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   communicated
                   to
                   the
                   Water
                   that
                   Moistens
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   season'd
                   by
                   these
                   Qualities
                   ,
                   must
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   Plants
                   .
                   Just
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Manner
                   as
                   
                     Senné
                     ,
                     Rubarb
                  
                   and
                   most
                   Plants
                   have
                   in
                   themselves
                   Medicinal
                   Virtues
                   and
                   Properties
                   ,
                   which
                   communicate
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   Water
                   into
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   Infus'd
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   the
                   Health
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   Truth
                   is
                   undeniable
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   might
                   assert
                   here
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Place
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   (
                   considering
                   it
                   in
                   it self
                   as
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Four
                   Elements
                   )
                   has
                   really
                   no
                   Original
                   or
                   Natural
                   Disposition
                   for
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   its
                   principal
                   Qualities
                   Cold
                   and
                   Dry
                   ,
                   whereas
                   Vegetation
                   requires
                   Heat
                   and
                   Moisture
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   by
                   
                   the
                   Express
                   Order
                   and
                   Command
                   of
                   Divine
                   Providence
                   ,
                   it
                   finds
                   it self
                   endu'd
                   with
                   a
                   Salt
                   necessary
                   for
                   Fertility
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   afterwards
                   assisted
                   both
                   by
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   Subterraneous
                   Fires
                   which
                   give
                   it
                   heat
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   by
                   some
                   Waters
                   that
                   moisten
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   change
                   its
                   Nature
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   submission
                   to
                   so
                   absolute
                   a
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Sovereign
                   Master
                   ,
                   it
                   appears
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   living
                   animated
                   Being
                   ,
                   a
                   Being
                   ,
                   having
                   its
                   particular
                   
                   Activity
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   of
                   Producing
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   in
                   Effect
                   Plants
                   were
                   no
                   more
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   it
                   than
                   the
                   Teeth
                   of
                   an
                   Animal
                   are
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   that
                   Animal
                   :
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Animal
                   that
                   Lives
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   the
                   Teeth
                   ;
                   so
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   lives
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   the
                   Vegetables
                   .
                   This
                   Earth
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   Obedience
                   to
                   that
                   Command
                   ,
                   makes
                   that
                   vast
                   number
                   of
                   different
                   Productions
                   we
                   have
                   so
                   much
                   Reason
                   to
                   admire
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   might
                   say
                   ,
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   second
                   Command
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Curse
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   
                   the
                   Disobedience
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   by
                   Vertue
                   of
                   that
                   second
                   Command
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   seems
                   most
                   Inclin'd
                   to
                   produce
                   Ill
                   Plants
                   or
                   Weeds
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   this
                   very
                   Man
                   having
                   for
                   his
                   Punishment
                   receiv'd
                   a
                   particular
                   Order
                   to
                   Cultivate
                   that
                   Earth
                   for
                   his
                   Subsistance
                   ,
                   he
                   finds
                   himself
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   necessitated
                   to
                   wage
                   a
                   perpetual
                   War
                   against
                   it
                   :
                   He
                   Labours
                   and
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   all
                   his
                   Industry
                   to
                   Vanquish
                   and
                   Overcome
                   the
                   malicious
                   Inclination
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   on
                   its
                   part
                   defends
                   it self
                   with
                   all
                   its
                   Might
                   ,
                   to
                   avoid
                   ,
                   deceive
                   and
                   cross
                   the
                   Subordinate
                   Authority
                   of
                   that
                   second
                   Master
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   we
                   see
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   no
                   wise
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   favour
                   Children
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   
                   Strangers
                   to
                   her
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   Culture
                   we
                   make
                   her
                   produce
                   against
                   her
                   Will.
                   She
                   relapses
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   she
                   can
                   ,
                   shooting
                   vigorously
                   
                     Thistles
                     ,
                     Nettles
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Thousand
                   other
                   Plants
                   of
                   no
                   Use
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   properly
                   her
                   natural
                   welbelov'd
                   Children
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   this
                   the
                   Earth
                   resembles
                   those
                   Children
                   who
                   are
                   seldom
                   tired
                   with
                   Voluntary
                   Games
                   and
                   Sports
                   ,
                   though
                   never
                   so
                   Rough
                   or
                   Violent
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   appear
                   soon
                   weary
                   in
                   the
                   performance
                   of
                   what
                   a
                   Superior
                   Authority
                   enjoins
                   them
                   for
                   their
                   good
                   ,
                   though
                   never
                   so
                   easie
                   in
                   the
                   Execution
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   then
                   ,
                   this
                   Earth
                   is
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   obey
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   Man
                   requires
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   perhaps
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   compar'd
                   to
                   a
                   young
                   Colt
                   ,
                   Vigorous
                   and
                   Obstinate
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   being
                   once
                   subjected
                   to
                   the
                   Hand
                   and
                   Spur
                   of
                   an
                   able
                   Rider
                   ,
                   becomes
                   subservient
                   for
                   Pleasures
                   ,
                   Combats
                   and
                   Triumphs
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   I
                   might
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   sort
                   of
                   Soils
                   are
                   not
                   proper
                   for
                   all
                   Sorts
                   of
                   Productions
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   every
                   Clime
                   seems
                   in
                   some
                   Sence
                   to
                   be
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   some
                   particular
                   Thing
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   produces
                   
                   happily
                   and
                   with
                   Ease
                   ;
                   whereas
                   other
                   Plants
                   cannot
                   succeed
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   much
                   
                   Toil
                   and
                   Care
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   in
                   this
                   point
                   that
                   Man
                   stands
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   Industry
                   ,
                   nay
                   even
                   of
                   Obstinacy
                   ,
                   finally
                   to
                   overcome
                   the
                   Resistance
                   he
                   meets
                   with
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   his
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   happy
                   or
                   unfortunate
                   Successes
                   of
                   Plants
                   ,
                   in
                   certain
                   Places
                   ought
                   to
                   inform
                   us
                   demonstratively
                   ,
                   what
                   kind
                   of
                   Earth
                   is
                   absolutely
                   fit
                   for
                   every
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   is
                   improper
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   the
                   large
                   
                     Cherry
                     Trees
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Vale
                   of
                   Montmorency
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fine
                   
                     Plum
                     Trees
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Hills
                   of
                   
                     Meudon
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   Instruct
                   me
                   what
                   Soil
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   for
                   
                     Plums
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   least
                   I
                   should
                   engage
                   to
                   the
                   rearing
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   Soils
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   Temper
                   ,
                   with
                   Confidence
                   and
                   Presumption
                   of
                   succeeding
                   without
                   difficulty
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   might
                   finally
                   say
                   what
                   is
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   Body
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   Earths
                   are
                   much
                   better
                   than
                   others
                   in
                   every
                   Climate
                   ,
                   nay
                   even
                   sometimes
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   Compass
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   vulgarly
                   term'd
                   
                     Veins
                     of
                     Earth
                  
                   :
                   For
                   Instance
                   ,
                   Wheat
                   grows
                   well
                   in
                   one
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   cannot
                   grow
                   in
                   another
                   close
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   only
                   fit
                   for
                   Rye
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   small
                   Corn.
                   Wine
                   proves
                   good
                   in
                   one
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   in
                   another
                   ,
                   tho'
                   close
                   by
                   it
                   .
                   Muscadine
                   ripens
                   perfectly
                   well
                   in
                   some
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   others
                   neither
                   acquires
                   Taste
                   ,
                   Firmness
                   ,
                   Colour
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   From
                   whence
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   give
                   general
                   and
                   positive
                   Rules
                   for
                   every
                   Climate
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   considering
                   the
                   great
                   Proximity
                   or
                   Nearness
                   of
                   good
                   Soil
                   to
                   bad
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   we
                   say
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   Earth
                   in
                   every
                   Clime
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   are
                   extraordinary
                   good
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   very
                   Fertile
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   often
                   cause
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   said
                   Production
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   are
                   very
                   Bad
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   very
                   Barren
                   :
                   This
                   difference
                   proceeding
                   apparently
                   from
                   the
                   Internal
                   Qualifications
                   of
                   every
                   Ground
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   cannot
                   be
                   imputed
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   which
                   looks
                   upon
                   them
                   all
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   ;
                   it
                   may
                   likewise
                   proceed
                   from
                   another
                   Cause
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   will
                   demonstrate
                   hereafter
                   :
                   But
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   our
                   Gardens
                   absolutely
                   require
                   Earth
                   ,
                   therefore
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   examine
                   what
                   Conditions
                   are
                   necessary
                   to
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   our
                   Garden
                   thrive
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Conditions
                     that
                     are
                     Necessary
                     for
                     the
                     Earth
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     ,
                     to
                     Qualifie
                     it
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   MAny
                   Things
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   necessary
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   speak
                   of
                   each
                   in
                   particular
                   without
                   omitting
                   any
                   Thing
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   know
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   we
                   have
                   establish'd
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   most
                   essential
                   Thing
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   for
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   good
                   Earth
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   first
                   to
                   Explain
                   what
                   a
                   good
                   Soil
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   which
                   many
                   Things
                   must
                   Concur
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     Its
                     Productions
                     must
                     be
                     Vigorous
                     and
                     Numerous
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     That
                     Earth
                     must
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     recover
                     it self
                     with
                     ease
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     has
                     been
                     worn
                     out
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     It
                     must
                     have
                     no
                     ill
                     Taste
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     It
                     must
                     have
                     at
                     least
                     Three
                     Foot
                     Depth
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fifthly
                     ,
                     It
                     must
                     be
                     clear
                     from
                     Stones
                     ,
                     and
                     easie
                     to
                     Till
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sixthly
                     ,
                     It
                     must
                     neither
                     be
                     too
                     Moist
                     ,
                     nor
                     too
                     Dry.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   explain
                   these
                   Six
                   Maxims
                   in
                   Six
                   particular
                   Sections
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   enter
                   upon
                   the
                   other
                   Necessary
                   Conditions
                   for
                   the
                   Perfecting
                   of
                   a
                   Fruit-Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     SECTION
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       First
                       Proof
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     In
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     the
                     best
                     Proof
                     of
                     a
                     real
                     good
                     Ground
                     or
                     Soil
                     ,
                     is
                     chiefly
                     when
                     of
                     it self
                     it
                     abounds
                     in
                     very
                     vigorous
                     and
                     numerous
                     Productions
                     ,
                     appearing
                     seldom
                     or
                     never
                     Exhausted
                     :
                     
                     When
                     Plants
                     grow
                     visibly
                     ,
                     with
                     large
                     thick
                     
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     When
                     Trees
                     grow
                     up
                     in
                     few
                     Years
                     ,
                     producing
                     fine
                     Shoots
                     ,
                     green
                     Leaves
                     ,
                     not
                     drooping
                     until
                     the
                     great
                     Frosts
                     come
                     in
                     ,
                     having
                     sine
                     ,
                     lively
                     ,
                     shining
                     
                       Barks
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     These
                     Marks
                     are
                     certain
                     Proofs
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     SECTION
                     II.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       Second
                       Proof
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Besides
                     this
                     ,
                     the
                     Nature
                     of
                     this
                     Soil
                     must
                     be
                     such
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     easily
                     repair
                     what
                     has
                     been
                     Impair'd
                     by
                     some
                     Extraordinary
                     Accident
                     ,
                     viz.
                     by
                     a
                     great
                     Heat
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     great
                     Cold
                     ;
                     by
                     a
                     great
                     Drought
                     ,
                     or
                     great
                     Moisture
                     ;
                     by
                     a
                     long
                     Nourishment
                     of
                     some
                     Foreign
                     
                       Plant
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     so
                     as
                     easily
                     and
                     certainly
                     to
                     recover
                     its
                     former
                     Goodness
                     ,
                     if
                     left
                     in
                     quiet
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     abandon'd
                     to
                     it self
                     ;
                     which
                     supposes
                     that
                     the
                     Accidents
                     that
                     had
                     troubled
                     it
                     in
                     its
                     ordinary
                     Productions
                     ceasing
                     ,
                     the
                     goodness
                     of
                     its
                     Nature
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     its
                     happy
                     Situation
                     ,
                     are
                     apparently
                     the
                     principal
                     Causes
                     thereof
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     so
                     true
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     that
                     Situation
                     ,
                     that
                     such
                     a
                     Soil
                     being
                     admirably
                     good
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Place
                     ,
                     will
                     soon
                     cease
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     ,
                     if
                     carried
                     into
                     another
                     ,
                     where
                     it
                     may
                     not
                     meet
                     with
                     the
                     good
                     Fortune
                     of
                     such
                     an
                     advantageous
                     Situation
                     :
                     Whereas
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     if
                     Barren
                     in
                     some
                     Place
                     ,
                     being
                     Transported
                     into
                     another
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     Situation
                     happens
                     to
                     be
                     better
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     undoubtedly
                     prove
                     much
                     better
                     in
                     its
                     Production
                     there
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     is
                     the
                     Reason
                     that
                     Transported
                     Earth
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     good
                     in
                     the
                     place
                     whence
                     it
                     was
                     brought
                     ,
                     only
                     has
                     a
                     Transitory
                     Goodness
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     soon
                     cease
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     ,
                     not
                     meeting
                     with
                     a
                     proper
                     Situation
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     case
                     it
                     will
                     require
                     extraordinary
                     Helps
                     to
                     be
                     maintain'd
                     in
                     a
                     Fruitful
                     Condition
                     .
                  
                   
                     Therefore
                     we
                     may
                     lay
                     down
                     as
                     a
                     certain
                     Maxim
                     ,
                     that
                     no
                     Earth
                     can
                     be
                     call'd
                     good
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     shows
                     a
                     great
                     Fertility
                     by
                     its
                     natural
                     Productions
                     ,
                     and
                     be
                     capable
                     to
                     recover
                     it self
                     without
                     help
                     .
                     Those
                     are
                     the
                     Earths
                     that
                     are
                     absolutely
                     necessary
                     for
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     without
                     amusing
                     our selves
                     in
                     hopes
                     of
                     correcting
                     a
                     natural
                     Barrenness
                     absolutely
                     ,
                     by
                     laying
                     out
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Money
                     ,
                     in
                     
                       Dunging
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     especially
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     Pot-herbs
                     ,
                     I
                     grant
                     ,
                     that
                     having
                     abundance
                     of
                     Dung
                     and
                     Water
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     several
                     Indefatigable
                     Gard'ners
                     ,
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     grow
                     in
                     a
                     common
                     Soil
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     Remedy
                     is
                     too
                     Expensive
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     real
                     Pleasure
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     ,
                     is
                     inconsistent
                     with
                     so
                     much
                     Toil
                     and
                     Charge
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     III.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Third
                       Proof
                       of
                       a
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Moreover
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     the
                     real
                     Goodness
                     of
                     Earth
                     consists
                     in
                     having
                     neither
                     Smell
                     nor
                     Taste
                     ;
                     since
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     Vain
                     for
                     our
                     Fruits
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     Children
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     Fruitful
                     Soil
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     be
                     large
                     and
                     beautiful
                     ;
                     if
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     that
                     Soil
                     had
                     any
                     ill
                     Smell
                     ,
                     or
                     ill
                     Taste
                     ,
                     by
                     Reason
                     that
                     the
                     Fruits
                     and
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Edible
                       Plants
                    
                     ,
                     will
                     infallibly
                     be
                     tainted
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     cannot
                     be
                     good
                     or
                     pallatable
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     their
                     main
                     Excellence
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Example
                     of
                     those
                     Wines
                     that
                     taste
                     of
                     the
                     Soil
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     convincing
                     Proof
                     of
                     this
                     Truth
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     most
                     certain
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     prepar'd
                     by
                     the
                     Roots
                     ,
                     is
                     only
                     made
                     by
                     the
                     Water
                     ,
                     which
                     soaking
                     in
                     the
                     Ground
                     where
                     those
                     Roots
                     are
                     to
                     Work
                     ,
                     of
                     necessity
                     participates
                     to
                     the
                     Taste
                     and
                     Qualities
                     of
                     that
                     Soil
                     ,
                     and
                     still
                     retains
                     them
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     its
                     being
                     turn'd
                     into
                     Sap.
                     
                  
                   
                     Earth
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     altogether
                     like
                     good
                     Water
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     without
                     being
                     Tart
                     ,
                     or
                     Insipid
                     ,
                     and
                     Sweetish
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     have
                     no
                     manner
                     of
                     Smell
                     whatever
                     ,
                     neither
                     Good
                     nor
                     Bad.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     is
                     the
                     first
                     and
                     most
                     material
                     Observation
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     Resolve
                     and
                     Determine
                     upon
                     the
                     Ground
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     appears
                     Fertile
                     ;
                     which
                     Observation
                     is
                     very
                     easie
                     ,
                     since
                     every
                     Body
                     is
                     capable
                     of
                     making
                     it
                     ,
                     either
                     in
                     Smelling
                     barely
                     to
                     a
                     handful
                     of
                     that
                     Earth
                     ,
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     Smell
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     tasting
                     the
                     Water
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     it
                     shall
                     have
                     soak'd
                     ,
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     its
                     Taste
                     .
                     For
                     Example
                     ,
                     leaving
                     some
                     small
                     Quantity
                     to
                     soak
                     for
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Hours
                     in
                     a
                     Glass
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     afterwards
                     drein'd
                     through
                     a
                     clean
                     Cloath
                     to
                     remove
                     all
                     Suspition
                     of
                     Dirt
                     or
                     Uncleanness
                     ,
                     may
                     be
                     tasted
                     ,
                     to
                     judge
                     by
                     its
                     good
                     or
                     ill
                     Taste
                     ,
                     of
                     Stink
                     and
                     Tarness
                     ,
                     or
                     Pleasantness
                     and
                     Sweetness
                     ,
                     whether
                     that
                     Ground
                     may
                     be
                     proper
                     to
                     produce
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     resolve
                     upon
                     the
                     making
                     or
                     not
                     making
                     a
                     Garden
                     there
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     impossible
                     to
                     be
                     too
                     Nice
                     in
                     point
                     of
                     Taste
                     ;
                     Legumes
                     do
                     not
                     require
                     quite
                     so
                     much
                     nicety
                     ,
                     by
                     Reason
                     that
                     most
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     boiling
                     ,
                     lose
                     whatever
                     might
                     be
                     disagreeable
                     in
                     their
                     Taste
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     SECTION
                     IV.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Fourth
                       Proof
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Though
                     it
                     might
                     seem
                     sufficient
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     Goodness
                     of
                     Earth
                     ,
                     to
                     find
                     its
                     Production
                     Vigorous
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     it
                     does
                     not
                     grow
                     weary
                     of
                     Producing
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     no
                     manner
                     of
                     ill
                     Taste
                     ;
                     yet
                     notwithstanding
                     the
                     Knowledge
                     of
                     our
                     Curious
                     ,
                     who
                     will
                     make
                     a
                     Garden
                     ,
                     must
                     extend
                     farther
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     sound
                     the
                     Depth
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     dig
                     into
                     its
                     Entrails
                     ,
                     to
                     see
                     whether
                     it
                     contains
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     Three
                     Foot
                     of
                     as
                     good
                     Mould
                     as
                     the
                     Surface
                     .
                     The
                     Tress
                     he
                     shall
                     plant
                     there
                     will
                     not
                     grow
                     so
                     easily
                     as
                     those
                     which
                     Nature
                     has
                     produc'd
                     of
                     it self
                     ;
                     they
                     will
                     not
                     thrive
                     ,
                     unless
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     certain
                     of
                     a
                     Provision
                     of
                     Food
                     for
                     the
                     Time
                     to
                     come
                     ,
                     which
                     Provision
                     consists
                     in
                     having
                     Three
                     Foot
                     of
                     good
                     Mould
                     ,
                     very
                     soft
                     or
                     labourable
                     on
                     the
                     Top
                     ;
                     and
                     whereas
                     by
                     daily
                     requiring
                     some
                     new
                     thing
                     from
                     that
                     Earth
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     tired
                     at
                     last
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     Lazy
                     and
                     Lean
                     in
                     its
                     Productions
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     make
                     some
                     Alterations
                     ;
                     the
                     most
                     material
                     of
                     all
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     the
                     most
                     easie
                     ,
                     is
                     to
                     lay
                     the
                     Mould
                     that
                     lay
                     in
                     the
                     Bottom
                     on
                     the
                     Top
                     ,
                     where
                     not
                     having
                     had
                     any
                     Thing
                     to
                     employ
                     it
                     ,
                     it
                     preserv'd
                     its
                     natural
                     Fruitfulness
                     ,
                     in
                     Expectation
                     of
                     being
                     put
                     to
                     Tryal
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     of
                     being
                     Expos'd
                     to
                     the
                     Sun
                     and
                     Cultivated
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     Motion
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     the
                     Surface
                     is
                     turn'd
                     in
                     the
                     Room
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     taken
                     up
                     there
                     to
                     lay
                     at
                     rest
                     in
                     its
                     Turn
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     come
                     to
                     it self
                     again
                     in
                     some
                     Years
                     Time
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     be
                     put
                     into
                     a
                     Condition
                     of
                     acting
                     again
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     ever
                     :
                     Not
                     unlike
                     those
                     Animals
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     tired
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Day
                     's
                     Journey
                     ,
                     go
                     on
                     the
                     next
                     Day
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     Vigour
                     as
                     before
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     have
                     Rest
                     in
                     the
                     Night
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     not
                     enough
                     to
                     have
                     laid
                     down
                     as
                     a
                     Maxim
                     ,
                     that
                     Trees
                     absolutely
                     require
                     Three
                     Foot
                     in
                     Depth
                     of
                     good
                     Mould
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     besides
                     to
                     decide
                     how
                     much
                     will
                     be
                     proper
                     for
                     long
                     Rooted
                     Legumes
                     :
                     For
                     Example
                     ,
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       Beet
                       Roots
                       ,
                       Scorzonere
                       ,
                       Parsneps
                       ,
                       Carots
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     all
                     which
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     likewise
                     ,
                     require
                     the
                     same
                     Depth
                     of
                     Three
                     Foot.
                     Other
                     Plants
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Sallads
                       ,
                       Greens
                    
                     and
                     
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     may
                     do
                     with
                     a
                     Foot
                     less
                     .
                     But
                     those
                     among
                     the
                     Curious
                     who
                     ,
                     in
                     both
                     cases
                     ,
                     of
                     Trees
                     and
                     large
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     are
                     satisfied
                     with
                     less
                     Depth
                     than
                     I
                     have
                     Instanc'd
                     ,
                     are
                     certainly
                     in
                     a
                     very
                     great
                     Error
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     pitied
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     blam'd
                     .
                     They
                     will
                     be
                     liable
                     to
                     have
                     abundance
                     of
                     Trees
                     grow
                     Yellow
                     and
                     Sick
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     see
                     a
                     considerable
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     Perish
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     will
                     be
                     obliged
                     to
                     a
                     new
                     Expence
                     ,
                     to
                     plant
                     others
                     at
                     a
                     Time
                     when
                     ,
                     after
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Years
                     Patience
                     ,
                     they
                     ought
                     to
                     Enjoy
                     the
                     Benefit
                     of
                     their
                     Plants
                     .
                     And
                     lastly
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     be
                     Expos'd
                     to
                     have
                     small
                     Trees
                     and
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     neither
                     good
                     nor
                     come
                     to
                     perfection
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Which
                     Inconveniencies
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     avoided
                     ,
                     by
                     following
                     of
                     my
                     Precepts
                     in
                     chusing
                     of
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Depth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     V.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Fifth
                       Proof
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     The
                     Natural
                     and
                     Perpetual
                     Fertility
                     of
                     Earths
                     ,
                     their
                     Taste
                     and
                     Depth
                     ,
                     being
                     thus
                     establish'd
                     as
                     Four
                     indispensable
                     Conditions
                     ,
                     there
                     remains
                     a
                     Fifth
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     Earth
                     ,
                     without
                     being
                     too
                     light
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     easie
                     for
                     Cultivation
                     (
                     like
                     those
                     we
                     call
                     
                       Fat
                       Sand
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Flax
                       Land
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     )
                     and
                     pretty
                     free
                     from
                     Stones
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     for
                     the
                     Ease
                     of
                     Culture
                     and
                     to
                     make
                     Plants
                     grow
                     the
                     easier
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     to
                     please
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     which
                     undoubtedly
                     is
                     offended
                     at
                     the
                     sight
                     of
                     many
                     Stones
                     or
                     Rubbage
                     in
                     stirring
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     :
                     So
                     that
                     when
                     any
                     Earth
                     has
                     that
                     Imperfection
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     remedied
                     ,
                     when
                     there
                     are
                     but
                     a
                     few
                     ,
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     easily
                     clear'd
                     with
                     a
                     Rake
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     the
                     Ground
                     is
                     full
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     I
                     know
                     no
                     Remedy
                     but
                     sifting
                     of
                     it
                     .
                     I
                     explain
                     the
                     Use
                     of
                     that
                     Operation
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Preparations
                       of
                       Soils
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     Light
                     Moulds
                     have
                     great
                     Advantages
                     for
                     Culture
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     convenient
                     to
                     Plants
                     for
                     the
                     
                     Multiplication
                     of
                     their
                     Roots
                     ,
                     they
                     easily
                     drink
                     the
                     Water
                     of
                     Rains
                     ,
                     and
                     Waterings
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     preserve
                     Moisture
                     enough
                     for
                     Vegetation
                     ;
                     besides
                     they
                     are
                     easily
                     heated
                     by
                     the
                     Beams
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     are
                     quick
                     in
                     their
                     Production
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     particularly
                     desir'd
                     by
                     every
                     Body
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     SECTION
                     VI.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Sixth
                       mark
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     The
                     best
                     way
                     to
                     know
                     easie
                     Mould
                     ,
                     is
                     to
                     compare
                     it
                     with
                     other
                     Earth
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     :
                  
                   
                     Earth
                     that
                     is
                     too
                     strong
                     cuts
                     with
                     the
                     Spade
                     like
                     loamy
                     or
                     stif
                     Ground
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     close
                     and
                     grow
                     hard
                     ,
                     to
                     that
                     degree
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     almost
                     impossible
                     for
                     Rain
                     ,
                     or
                     Waterings
                     to
                     penetrate
                     or
                     soak
                     into
                     them
                     ,
                     wich
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     vexatious
                     and
                     most
                     pernicious
                     Inconvenience
                     for
                     Culture
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     naturally
                     inclin'd
                     to
                     rottenness
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     cold
                     and
                     backward
                     ,
                     preserving
                     a
                     continual
                     moisture
                     in
                     their
                     bottom
                     ,
                     three
                     of
                     the
                     worst
                     Qualifications
                     Earth
                     can
                     have
                     ;
                     the
                     surface
                     of
                     them
                     easily
                     splits
                     and
                     parches
                     in
                     great
                     heats
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     incapable
                     of
                     receiving
                     the
                     least
                     Culture
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     are
                     neither
                     fit
                     for
                     new
                     Plantations
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     receive
                     new
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     which
                     occasions
                     a
                     great
                     scarcity
                     in
                     most
                     Seasons
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     those
                     cranys
                     are
                     very
                     prejudicial
                     both
                     to
                     Trees
                     and
                     Plants
                     ,
                     having
                     already
                     taken
                     new
                     Root
                     ,
                     by
                     uncovering
                     the
                     Roots
                     ,
                     breaking
                     the
                     new
                     ones
                     ,
                     and
                     hindering
                     them
                     from
                     continuing
                     their
                     Functions
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     impossible
                     to
                     be
                     better
                     inform'd
                     than
                     I
                     am
                     ,
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     disorders
                     that
                     attend
                     such
                     Soils
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     Inconveniencies
                     they
                     cause
                     in
                     Culture
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     improper
                     for
                     me
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     short
                     Relation
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     by
                     ,
                     of
                     what
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     do
                     in
                     the
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     of
                     Versailles
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     Earth
                     is
                     partly
                     of
                     the
                     Nature
                     of
                     those
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     were
                     to
                     be
                     wish'd
                     ,
                     might
                     not
                     be
                     met
                     with
                     any
                     where
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     we
                     would
                     not
                     have
                     there
                     ,
                     had
                     it
                     been
                     easie
                     to
                     bring
                     better
                     in
                     the
                     room
                     of
                     it
                     .
                     The
                     Necessity
                     of
                     making
                     a
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     in
                     a
                     Situation
                     proper
                     for
                     Walks
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     King's
                     Satisfaction
                     ,
                     oblig'd
                     us
                     to
                     pitch
                     upon
                     that
                     Place
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     difficulty
                     of
                     meeting
                     with
                     extraordinary
                     good
                     Earth
                     in
                     the
                     adjacent
                     Parts
                     ,
                     necessitated
                     us
                     to
                     be
                     satisfied
                     with
                     such
                     as
                     was
                     passably
                     good
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     is
                     in
                     a
                     Place
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     was
                     formerly
                     a
                     large
                     and
                     very
                     deep
                     Pond
                     ;
                     we
                     were
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     fill
                     up
                     the
                     Place
                     of
                     that
                     Pond
                     ,
                     and
                     raise
                     the
                     Surface
                     of
                     it
                     even
                     above
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Grounds
                     about
                     it
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     Marsh
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     sink
                     of
                     the
                     neighbouring
                     Hills
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     never
                     have
                     succeeded
                     for
                     the
                     use
                     it
                     was
                     design'd
                     to
                     :
                     we
                     met
                     with
                     no
                     great
                     difficulty
                     in
                     the
                     filling
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     means
                     of
                     the
                     Sands
                     we
                     were
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     dig
                     out
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     adjacent
                     Canal
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     we
                     us'd
                     ten
                     and
                     twelve
                     Foot
                     in
                     depth
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     the
                     difficulty
                     of
                     meeting
                     with
                     proper
                     Mould
                     to
                     lay
                     over
                     those
                     Sands
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     have
                     it
                     speedily
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     the
                     Expence
                     and
                     Time
                     for
                     the
                     distant
                     Transportation
                     of
                     the
                     great
                     quantity
                     that
                     was
                     necessary
                     for
                     the
                     surface
                     of
                     near
                     twenty
                     five
                     Acres
                     ,
                     or
                     Furlongs
                     ,
                     were
                     capable
                     to
                     discourage
                     any
                     body
                     from
                     the
                     Enterprise
                     ;
                     therefore
                     we
                     were
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     take
                     that
                     which
                     lay
                     nearest
                     to
                     us
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     from
                     the
                     Mountain
                     of
                     Satory
                     :
                     I
                     examin'd
                     it
                     upon
                     the
                     spot
                     ,
                     and
                     found
                     that
                     it
                     was
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     loamy
                     Ground
                     which
                     turn'd
                     to
                     Pap
                     or
                     Mortar
                     ,
                     when
                     after
                     great
                     Rains
                     the
                     Water
                     remain'd
                     long
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     look'd
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     had
                     been
                     petrify'd
                     when
                     it
                     was
                     dry
                     ;
                     I
                     likewise
                     perceiv'd
                     that
                     common
                     Showrs
                     did
                     not
                     easily
                     soak
                     into
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     troubled
                     me
                     much
                     ,
                     but
                     I
                     imputed
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     it
                     to
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     white
                     Sand
                     ,
                     or
                     soft
                     and
                     chalkey
                     Stone
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     found
                     upon
                     that
                     Mountain
                     at
                     the
                     second
                     spit
                     deep
                     of
                     the
                     Spade
                     ,
                     and
                     comforted
                     my self
                     in
                     hopes
                     of
                     meeting
                     with
                     a
                     Remedy
                     against
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     means
                     of
                     the
                     Sands
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     that
                     Earth
                     was
                     to
                     be
                     plac'd
                     ;
                     upon
                     that
                     Foundation
                     I
                     dispos'd
                     the
                     ground
                     of
                     this
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     manner
                     that
                     the
                     Earth
                     of
                     the
                     surface
                     might
                     lay
                     upon
                     a
                     level
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     declivity
                     ,
                     as
                     commonly
                     most
                     Gardens
                     are
                     ;
                     but
                     I
                     was
                     extreamly
                     surpriz'd
                     when
                     I
                     found
                     the
                     contrary
                     of
                     what
                     I
                     expected
                     ;
                     this
                     Earth
                     in
                     changing
                     of
                     Place
                     ,
                     did
                     not
                     change
                     its
                     Nature
                     ,
                     it
                     remain'd
                     impenetrable
                     to
                     Water
                     ;
                     that
                     which
                     happen'd
                     most
                     favourable
                     to
                     me
                     in
                     this
                     ,
                     was
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     was
                     expos'd
                     the
                     first
                     year
                     to
                     the
                     greatest
                     mischief
                     that
                     could
                     possibly
                     befall
                     me
                     ,
                     there
                     falling
                     such
                     great
                     and
                     frequent
                     Showers
                     of
                     Rain
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     whole
                     Garden
                     seem'd
                     to
                     be
                     turn'd
                     into
                     a
                     Pond
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     into
                     a
                     puddled
                     Marsh
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     inaccessible
                     ,
                     and
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     Mortal
                     ,
                     both
                     for
                     the
                     Trees
                     that
                     were
                     rooted
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     the
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Plants
                    
                     that
                     were
                     overflow'd
                     by
                     it
                     :
                     A
                     Remedy
                     was
                     to
                     be
                     found
                     suitable
                     to
                     so
                     great
                     an
                     Inconvenience
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     the
                     great
                     work
                     of
                     the
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     ,
                     the
                     Expence
                     of
                     which
                     had
                     made
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     Noise
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Figure
                     whereof
                     afforded
                     so
                     much
                     Pleasure
                     ,
                     should
                     have
                     been
                     of
                     no
                     use
                     :
                     Happily
                     in
                     causing
                     this
                     same
                     Garden
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     ,
                     I
                     had
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     also
                     made
                     an
                     Aqueduct
                     that
                     went
                     a
                     cross
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     receive
                     all
                     the
                     Waters
                     of
                     the
                     Hills
                     ,
                     which
                     were
                     wont
                     to
                     fall
                     into
                     that
                     very
                     Place
                     to
                     supply
                     the
                     former
                     Pond
                     ,
                     and
                     were
                     necessary
                     to
                     fill
                     the
                     great
                     neighbouring
                     Canal
                     ;
                     therefore
                     I
                     bethought
                     my self
                     to
                     order
                     Matters
                     so
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Waters
                     which
                     were
                     so
                     pernicious
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     might
                     lose
                     themselves
                     in
                     that
                     great
                     Aqueduct
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     end
                     I
                     thought
                     my self
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     raise
                     every
                     Plat
                     or
                     
                     Square
                     into
                     Ridges
                     ,
                     which
                     Remedy
                     was
                     good
                     ,
                     but
                     would
                     have
                     been
                     violent
                     ,
                     had
                     I
                     been
                     forc'd
                     to
                     get
                     new
                     Earth
                     for
                     that
                     Elevation
                     ;
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     perform
                     this
                     with
                     more
                     ease
                     ,
                     I
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     long
                     Dung
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     I
                     was
                     very
                     well
                     provided
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     to
                     place
                     it
                     underneath
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     mix
                     it
                     with
                     the
                     Mould
                     design'd
                     for
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     which
                     answer'd
                     my
                     Expectation
                     .
                     The
                     Success
                     prov'd
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Charge
                     inconsiderable
                     ;
                     in
                     forming
                     of
                     this
                     Work
                     ,
                     I
                     allow'd
                     every
                     Square
                     an
                     imperceptible
                     Declivity
                     to
                     lead
                     or
                     carry
                     all
                     the
                     Waters
                     sliding
                     down
                     from
                     all
                     the
                     parts
                     so
                     rais'd
                     into
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Corners
                     ;
                     and
                     caus'd
                     a
                     small
                     Stone
                     Gutter
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     at
                     every
                     Corner
                     ,
                     to
                     carry
                     those
                     Waters
                     into
                     the
                     Aqueducts
                     ;
                     and
                     was
                     not
                     long
                     before
                     I
                     found
                     the
                     benefit
                     of
                     that
                     Invention
                     ;
                     my
                     Squares
                     with
                     their
                     Plants
                     ,
                     and
                     my
                     Borders
                     with
                     their
                     Trees
                     ,
                     being
                     thereby
                     preserv'd
                     according
                     to
                     my
                     Wish
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     it
                     contributed
                     considerably
                     towards
                     the
                     Preservation
                     and
                     good
                     Taste
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     things
                     that
                     I
                     could
                     rear
                     there
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     manner
                     of
                     Ridges
                     appear'd
                     at
                     first
                     surprizing
                     by
                     its
                     Novelty
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     it
                     had
                     the
                     good
                     Fortune
                     to
                     please
                     the
                     King
                     ,
                     whose
                     Penetration
                     and
                     Judgment
                     are
                     infinite
                     in
                     all
                     things
                     ;
                     What
                     Honour
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     Joy
                     for
                     me
                     to
                     have
                     the
                     Approbation
                     of
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     Prince
                     !
                     He
                     judg'd
                     that
                     the
                     Invention
                     was
                     no
                     less
                     agreeable
                     than
                     new
                     ,
                     so
                     much
                     the
                     rather
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     was
                     of
                     the
                     greatest
                     use
                     imaginable
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     it
                     added
                     three
                     Acres
                     to
                     the
                     first
                     surface
                     of
                     the
                     Garden
                     .
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     question
                     but
                     this
                     Method
                     of
                     Ridges
                     will
                     be
                     imitated
                     in
                     all
                     Places
                     where
                     the
                     Earth
                     shall
                     be
                     either
                     like
                     ours
                     ,
                     or
                     liable
                     to
                     the
                     Inundation
                     of
                     great
                     Rains
                     ,
                     or
                     naturally
                     too
                     Marshy
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     when
                     People
                     have
                     no
                     Inclination
                     to
                     make
                     such
                     Elevations
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     at
                     least
                     resolve
                     to
                     have
                     recourse
                     to
                     frequent
                     Tillages
                     ,
                     to
                     avoid
                     the
                     Inconveniencies
                     that
                     attend
                     Soils
                     that
                     easily
                     Chop
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     great
                     long
                     heats
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     very
                     good
                     and
                     infallible
                     Remedy
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     VII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Seventh
                       Mark
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     We
                     have
                     now
                     seen
                     the
                     Inconveniencies
                     attending
                     a
                     Soil
                     that
                     is
                     too
                     ponderous
                     ,
                     or
                     too
                     fat
                     ,
                     and
                     too
                     strong
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     found
                     a
                     Remedy
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     hand
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     too
                     light
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     dry
                     ,
                     are
                     accompany'd
                     with
                     so
                     many
                     difficulties
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     capable
                     wholly
                     to
                     disgust
                     the
                     Curious
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     By
                     the
                     difficulty
                     of
                     a
                     necessary
                     Remedy
                     :
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     By
                     the
                     necessity
                     of
                     great
                     and
                     frequent
                     Waterings
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     very
                     chargeable
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     which
                     the
                     Earth
                     grows
                     ,
                     or
                     remains
                     
                       Barren
                       :
                       Thirdly
                    
                     ,
                     By
                     the
                     small
                     Progress
                     of
                     Fruits
                     and
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     there
                     during
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     without
                     extraordinary
                     helps
                     :
                     Lastly
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     small
                     number
                     of
                     Vegetables
                     ,
                     that
                     can
                     agree
                     with
                     it
                     in
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     not
                     withstanding
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     have
                     them
                     of
                     all
                     kinds
                     to
                     be
                     fully
                     satisfied
                     .
                  
                   
                     Let
                     us
                     now
                     consider
                     what
                     relates
                     to
                     those
                     Soils
                     that
                     are
                     too
                     dry
                     and
                     light
                     ,
                     and
                     let
                     us
                     examin
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     possible
                     to
                     correct
                     those
                     defects
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     happens
                     often
                     that
                     Earth
                     is
                     dry
                     and
                     light
                     ,
                     because
                     Nature
                     at
                     first
                     formed
                     it
                     in
                     that
                     Temperature
                     ,
                     such
                     is
                     that
                     of
                     
                       dry
                       Turf
                    
                     in
                     certain
                     Fens
                     ,
                     such
                     is
                     the
                     
                       Sandy
                       Soil
                    
                     of
                     the
                     Plain
                     of
                     Grenelle
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     pretty
                     difficult
                     ,
                     tho
                     not
                     impossible
                     to
                     render
                     them
                     more
                     Ponderous
                     and
                     Fat
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     only
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     by
                     mixing
                     abundance
                     of
                     other
                     strong
                     Earth
                     among
                     it
                     ,
                     or
                     by
                     making
                     of
                     a
                     way
                     for
                     a
                     considerable
                     discharge
                     of
                     Water
                     towards
                     the
                     Bottom
                     ,
                     which
                     might
                     spread
                     all
                     over
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     not
                     very
                     practicable
                     ;
                     sometimes
                     this
                     drought
                     and
                     lightness
                     proceed
                     from
                     its
                     lying
                     upon
                     a
                     
                       clear
                       Sand
                    
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     it
                     lyes
                     too
                     shallow
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     has
                     not
                     a
                     Bed
                     sufficiently
                     solid
                     ,
                     and
                     close
                     ,
                     to
                     stop
                     the
                     Waters
                     that
                     fall
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     
                       Rain
                       ,
                       Snow
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     other
                     ways
                     ;
                     those
                     Waters
                     easily
                     penetrating
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     those
                     Soils
                     descend
                     to
                     that
                     Sand
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Sive
                     lets
                     them
                     pass
                     ,
                     and
                     go
                     down
                     lower
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     of
                     their
                     Center
                     ,
                     whither
                     their
                     weight
                     inclines
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     no
                     Moisture
                     or
                     Coolness
                     is
                     preserved
                     on
                     the
                     Bottom
                     of
                     that
                     Earth
                     ,
                     from
                     thence
                     to
                     be
                     Communicated
                     to
                     the
                     superior
                     parts
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     that
                     Soil
                     still
                     relapses
                     into
                     its
                     Natural
                     Driness
                     and
                     Barrenness
                     ,
                     since
                     it
                     cannot
                     produce
                     any
                     thing
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     at
                     once
                     accompanied
                     with
                     some
                     Moisture
                     and
                     Temperate
                     
                     Heat
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     that
                     are
                     at
                     liberty
                     to
                     choose
                     their
                     Ground
                     ,
                     will
                     hardly
                     be
                     so
                     ill
                     advised
                     as
                     to
                     pitch
                     upon
                     one
                     that
                     is
                     so
                     defective
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     indispensably
                     obliged
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     three
                     things
                     must
                     of
                     necessity
                     be
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     First
                     is
                     to
                     remove
                     as
                     much
                     of
                     that
                     
                       Clear
                       Sand
                    
                     as
                     will
                     be
                     necessary
                     to
                     form
                     that
                     depth
                     of
                     
                       three
                       Foot
                    
                     ,
                     filling
                     it
                     up
                     afterwards
                     with
                     as
                     good
                     Mould
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     conveniently
                     got
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Second
                     is
                     to
                     keep
                     all
                     those
                     Places
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     Cultivated
                     a
                     little
                     lower
                     than
                     the
                     Walks
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     End
                     that
                     the
                     Waters
                     which
                     falls
                     into
                     those
                     Walks
                     ,
                     may
                     altogether
                     incline
                     and
                     run
                     into
                     that
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Third
                     and
                     Last
                     is
                     to
                     throw
                     into
                     those
                     
                       Cultivated
                       Plats
                    
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     Snow
                     that
                     lies
                     in
                     the
                     Walks
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Parts
                     ,
                     from
                     which
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     easily
                     brought
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     make
                     a
                     Provision
                     of
                     Moisture
                     in
                     the
                     Bottom
                     of
                     that
                     Ground
                     ,
                     to
                     help
                     it
                     to
                     perform
                     its
                     Functions
                     during
                     the
                     great
                     Heats
                     of
                     Summer
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     always
                     us'd
                     those
                     three
                     Expedients
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     prevail'd
                     with
                     my
                     Friends
                     to
                     put
                     them
                     in
                     practice
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     attest
                     with
                     Truth
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     all
                     found
                     a
                     great
                     Benefit
                     by
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     safe
                     to
                     put
                     them
                     in
                     practice
                     .
                  
                   
                     No
                     Body
                     can
                     be
                     Ignorant
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     there
                     lies
                     Water
                     at
                     a
                     moderate
                     Depth
                     within
                     the
                     Ground
                     ;
                     for
                     Instance
                     ,
                     about
                     Three
                     Foot
                     deep
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     common
                     at
                     the
                     Bottom
                     of
                     Vales
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     lies
                     what
                     we
                     call
                     a
                     good
                     
                       Black
                       Sand.
                    
                     )
                     No
                     Body
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     can
                     be
                     Ignorant
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     a
                     Natural
                     Philtration
                     or
                     Distillation
                     ,
                     forms
                     it self
                     in
                     the
                     Depth
                     of
                     that
                     Earth
                     ,
                     which
                     raises
                     part
                     of
                     that
                     Water
                     up
                     to
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     which
                     preserving
                     or
                     maintaining
                     the
                     Earth
                     in
                     a
                     good
                     Temperature
                     for
                     Production
                     ,
                     makes
                     it
                     extraordinary
                     good
                     ;
                     whereas
                     on
                     the
                     Contrary
                     ,
                     that
                     Water
                     lying
                     in
                     a
                     great
                     quantity
                     too
                     near
                     the
                     Surface
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     within
                     a
                     Foot
                     or
                     somewhat
                     more
                     ,
                     being
                     stop'd
                     there
                     by
                     some
                     Bank
                     of
                     soft
                     
                       Chalk
                       ,
                       Stone
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     stiff
                     Clay
                     remains
                     there
                     ,
                     being
                     hindred
                     from
                     descending
                     lower
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     occasions
                     too
                     great
                     a
                     Moisture
                     in
                     the
                     Earth
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     unless
                     a
                     Discharge
                     be
                     made
                     of
                     those
                     Subterraneous
                     Waters
                     ,
                     or
                     that
                     the
                     Ground
                     be
                     rais'd
                     Ridgewise
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     heretofore
                     Explain'd
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     those
                     Waters
                     rise
                     ,
                     such
                     Soil
                     will
                     of
                     Necessity
                     grow
                     Cold
                     ,
                     Rotten
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     Word
                     ,
                     stark
                     Nought
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     ,
                     indeed
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     assure
                     our selves
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Moisture
                     of
                     Soils
                     often
                     proceeds
                     from
                     that
                     Cause
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     very
                     Excessive
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     not
                     :
                     That
                     Moisture
                     proceeds
                     sometimes
                     from
                     other
                     Causes
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     shall
                     declare
                     in
                     the
                     Sequel
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     think
                     my self
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     say
                     in
                     this
                     Place
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     Earth
                     ,
                     either
                     Strong
                     and
                     Fat
                     ,
                     or
                     Dry
                     and
                     Light
                     ,
                     this
                     Distinction
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     Cold
                     Countries
                     light
                     Earth
                     is
                     most
                     to
                     be
                     desir'd
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     End
                     that
                     a
                     small
                     Heat
                     may
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     warm
                     it
                     ;
                     whereas
                     pretty
                     Stony
                     and
                     Fat
                     Soil
                     is
                     best
                     in
                     Hot
                     Countries
                     ,
                     Heat
                     not
                     penetrating
                     so
                     easily
                     into
                     the
                     Bottom
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     or
                     drying
                     up
                     the
                     Plants
                     .
                     The
                     Prince
                     of
                     Poets
                     ,
                     who
                     was
                     Originally
                     
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Country
                     ,
                     seems
                     to
                     approve
                     a
                     Fat
                     Earth
                     even
                     for
                     Vines
                     ;
                     but
                     't
                     is
                     only
                     in
                     respect
                     to
                     Abundance
                     ;
                     for
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Goodness
                     and
                     Delicacy
                     of
                     the
                     Vine
                     ,
                     he
                     speaks
                     in
                     a
                     different
                     manner
                     ,
                     shewing
                     ,
                     that
                     Light
                     ,
                     Lean
                     Mould
                     is
                     most
                     proper
                     for
                     good
                     Wine
                     ,
                     as
                     Loamy
                     Ground
                     is
                     for
                     Wheat
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     are
                     some
                     Soils
                     of
                     so
                     equal
                     a
                     Temperature
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     advantageous
                     a
                     Constitution
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Legumes
                     and
                     Trees
                     of
                     any
                     kind
                     whatever
                     succeed
                     incomparably
                     well
                     in
                     them
                     ;
                     nay
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     more
                     ,
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Soils
                     receiving
                     but
                     a
                     common
                     Culture
                     of
                     ordinary
                     Labour
                     ,
                     or
                     stirring
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     for
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     preserve
                     themselves
                     good
                     for
                     many
                     Years
                     ,
                     without
                     the
                     Assistance
                     of
                     any
                     Amendments
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     for
                     Legumes
                     .
                  
                   
                     Happy
                     are
                     those
                     who
                     light
                     upon
                     such
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     about
                     making
                     of
                     a
                     new
                     Garden
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     boast
                     that
                     in
                     their
                     Grounds
                     they
                     meet
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     Important
                     Conditions
                     I
                     have
                     mention'd
                     ,
                     viz.
                     a
                     Fertile
                     Soil
                     ,
                     without
                     Taste
                     ,
                     sufficiently
                     deep
                     ,
                     moderately
                     light
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     free
                     from
                     Stones
                     ,
                     neither
                     too
                     strong
                     and
                     moist
                     ,
                     or
                     too
                     light
                     and
                     too
                     dry
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     may
                     assure
                     themselves
                     of
                     an
                     Infallible
                     Success
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     what
                     is
                     it
                     they
                     may
                     not
                     expect
                     ,
                     taking
                     care
                     from
                     time
                     to
                     time
                     to
                     have
                     it
                     search'd
                     ,
                     and
                     absolutely
                     turned
                     within
                     the
                     Depth
                     heretofore
                     mention'd
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     to
                     be
                     certain
                     of
                     its
                     being
                     still
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Case
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     enable
                     every
                     part
                     to
                     perform
                     its
                     Duty
                     alternatively
                     ,
                     not
                     failing
                     ,
                     besides
                     this
                     ,
                     to
                     allow
                     it
                     the
                     common
                     Culture
                     it
                     requires
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     had
                     the
                     Honour
                     of
                     making
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     that
                     could
                     be
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     great
                     Minister
                     ;
                     I
                     had
                     the
                     Liberty
                     of
                     chusing
                     my
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     found
                     it
                     according
                     to
                     my
                     wish
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     I
                     wish
                     it
                     to
                     all
                     Gentlemen
                     that
                     are
                     Curious
                     in
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                     This
                     Garden
                     is
                     so
                     perfect
                     ,
                     that
                     no
                     Inconsiderable
                     Things
                     are
                     seen
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     nor
                     any
                     Thing
                     that
                     belyes
                     its
                     Excellence
                     .
                     No
                     Place
                     can
                     afford
                     more
                     vigorous
                     Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     more
                     excellent
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     nor
                     in
                     greater
                     Quantity
                     ,
                     nor
                     siner
                     and
                     better
                     Legumes
                     .
                     There
                     is
                     but
                     one
                     thing
                     wanting
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     altogether
                     so
                     forward
                     as
                     Gardens
                     that
                     lie
                     in
                     a
                     
                       Sandy
                       Ground
                    
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     Defect
                     ,
                     which
                     Art
                     cannot
                     correct
                     ,
                     is
                     sufficiently
                     recompens'd
                     by
                     all
                     the
                     other
                     Advantages
                     I
                     have
                     mention'd
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     other
                     Terms
                     that
                     are
                     us'd
                     in
                     speaking
                     of
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AFTER
                   having
                   explain'd
                   the
                   good
                   Qualifications
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   in
                   the
                   Mould
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   I
                   might
                   now
                   apply
                   my self
                   to
                   the
                   Explaining
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Conditions
                   that
                   are
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   perfecting
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     viz
                  
                   ,
                   The
                   Situation
                   ,
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   Figure
                   and
                   Conveniency
                   of
                   Watering
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   whereas
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   we
                   often
                   speak
                   of
                   worn
                   out
                   or
                   Exhausted
                   Earth
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Fallow
                     Earth
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   new
                   broken
                   up
                   Earth
                   ,
                   of
                   Transported
                   
                     Earth
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   I
                   think
                   that
                   before
                   I
                   proceed
                   any
                   farther
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   declare
                   my
                   Opinion
                   thereof
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     VIII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Exhausted
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     It
                     is
                     an
                     old
                     saying
                     ,
                     that
                     Earth
                     wears
                     out
                     or
                     exhausts
                     in
                     process
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     whatever
                     quantity
                     of
                     Salt
                     it
                     may
                     have
                     to
                     preserve
                     its
                     Fertility
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     good
                     in
                     its
                     Nature
                     ,
                     with
                     this
                     difference
                     only
                     ,
                     that
                     whereas
                     some
                     are
                     extraordinary
                     Good
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     very
                     Indifferent
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     much
                     sooner
                     ,
                     and
                     much
                     easier
                     worn
                     out
                     than
                     others
                     :
                     We
                     may
                     in
                     some
                     measure
                     compare
                     them
                     to
                     the
                     Treasures
                     of
                     every
                     State
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     some
                     are
                     certainly
                     very
                     considerable
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     not
                     ;
                     whereby
                     some
                     are
                     more
                     able
                     to
                     sustain
                     long
                     Wars
                     ,
                     and
                     bear
                     greater
                     Expences
                     than
                     others
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     the
                     Treasures
                     of
                     the
                     Richest
                     cannot
                     hold
                     out
                     for
                     ever
                     ,
                     they
                     not
                     being
                     Infinite
                     .
                     They
                     may
                     be
                     Exhausted
                     or
                     Wasted
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     being
                     ill
                     Manag'd
                     ,
                     or
                     ill
                     Employ'd
                     ,
                     or
                     by
                     being
                     Dispers'd
                     ,
                     or
                     Squander'd
                     away
                     ,
                     though
                     perhaps
                     with
                     a
                     Prospect
                     of
                     other
                     Advantages
                     for
                     the
                     Benefit
                     of
                     the
                     State.
                     Foreign
                     Amendments
                     are
                     sometimes
                     necessary
                     to
                     that
                     State
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     great
                     Trading
                     ,
                     a
                     Considerable
                     Alliance
                     ,
                     &c.
                     and
                     chiefly
                     no
                     long
                     Wars
                     ,
                     or
                     great
                     Dissipations
                     .
                     It
                     requires
                     
                     at
                     least
                     some
                     Rest
                     and
                     Occonomy
                     ,
                     or
                     good
                     Husbandry
                     .
                     In
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     whatever
                     Fruitfulness
                     Earth
                     is
                     endu'd
                     with
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     waste
                     at
                     length
                     by
                     the
                     Abundance
                     of
                     its
                     Productions
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     such
                     as
                     have
                     been
                     forc'd
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     natural
                     and
                     voluntary
                     ,
                     wherewith
                     it
                     seems
                     only
                     to
                     sport
                     ;
                     for
                     Instance
                     ,
                     the
                     Ground
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Meadow
                     is
                     so
                     far
                     from
                     wasting
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Nourishment
                     it
                     affords
                     the
                     Grass
                     it
                     yearly
                     produces
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     improves
                     in
                     its
                     Disposition
                     of
                     producing
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     delighted
                     in
                     following
                     its
                     natural
                     Tendency
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     we
                     go
                     about
                     to
                     alter
                     its
                     Function
                     ,
                     and
                     force
                     it
                     to
                     produce
                     
                       Saint
                       Foin
                       ,
                       Wheat
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     Corn
                     that
                     is
                     a
                     Stranger
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     soon
                     perceiv'd
                     ,
                     first
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     begins
                     to
                     slacken
                     in
                     its
                     Production
                     ,
                     and
                     finally
                     Exhausts
                     or
                     Spends
                     it self
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     will
                     want
                     some
                     help
                     to
                     be
                     put
                     again
                     in
                     Vigour
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     it
                     will
                     remain
                     for
                     a
                     time
                     almost
                     useless
                     .
                     It
                     may
                     be
                     also
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Grounds
                     where
                     Wheat
                     and
                     other
                     Corn
                     grow
                     of
                     themselves
                     (
                     for
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     probable
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     first
                     Grains
                     grew
                     naturally
                     and
                     without
                     any
                     Industry
                     in
                     some
                     
                       Soils
                       .
                    
                     )
                     It
                     may
                     be
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Corn
                     Grounds
                     might
                     be
                     worn
                     out
                     sooner
                     in
                     producing
                     of
                     Hey
                     ,
                     than
                     in
                     the
                     Continuance
                     of
                     their
                     Natural
                     Productions
                     :
                     So
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     Evident
                     by
                     the
                     Experience
                     of
                     all
                     Husbandmen
                     ,
                     that
                     Earth
                     frequently
                     wears
                     out
                     or
                     exhausts
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     add
                     ,
                     that
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     greater
                     or
                     lesser
                     quantity
                     of
                     Salt
                     ,
                     every
                     particular
                     Plant
                     requires
                     ,
                     all
                     Plants
                     not
                     consuming
                     an
                     equal
                     quantity
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     Earth
                     which
                     is
                     abundantly
                     provided
                     therewith
                     ,
                     shoots
                     ,
                     without
                     wearing
                     out
                     so
                     soon
                     ,
                     several
                     different
                     kind
                     of
                     Plants
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     all
                     of
                     them
                     together
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     witness
                     the
                     good
                     Grounds
                     of
                     Meadows
                     ,
                     every
                     part
                     of
                     which
                     abounds
                     with
                     an
                     Infinity
                     of
                     different
                     Plants
                     ,
                     all
                     equally
                     Vigorous
                     :
                     Sometimes
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     only
                     when
                     the
                     Ground
                     is
                     indifferently
                     good
                     ,
                     that
                     Earth
                     only
                     produces
                     many
                     successively
                     the
                     one
                     after
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     as
                     we
                     see
                     by
                     small
                     Corn
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Barly
                       ,
                       Oates
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     which
                     are
                     sown
                     in
                     those
                     very
                     Grounds
                     that
                     have
                     just
                     before
                     produced
                     Wheat
                     and
                     Rye
                     ;
                     which
                     ,
                     though
                     not
                     capable
                     of
                     producing
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     like
                     so
                     soon
                     after
                     it
                     ,
                     have
                     yet
                     the
                     Force
                     of
                     producing
                     smaller
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     same
                     things
                     may
                     be
                     said
                     of
                     Grounds
                     that
                     have
                     serv'd
                     long
                     for
                     
                       Vinyards
                       ,
                       Woods
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Forests
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Orchards
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     where
                     when
                     we
                     destroy
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Plants
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     not
                     expect
                     that
                     it
                     will
                     succeed
                     immediately
                     ,
                     if
                     Employ'd
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     it
                     was
                     before
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     too
                     much
                     wasted
                     or
                     worn
                     out
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     good
                     enough
                     to
                     serve
                     a
                     while
                     for
                     the
                     Production
                     of
                     smaller
                     Plants
                     ,
                     and
                     less
                     Voracious
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     
                       Pot-herbs
                       ,
                       
                       Pease
                       ,
                       Beans
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     and
                     yet
                     at
                     last
                     it
                     will
                     yeild
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Fate
                     of
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Earth
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     wear
                     out
                     quite
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     in
                     this
                     that
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     must
                     shew
                     his
                     skill
                     ;
                     for
                     he
                     must
                     have
                     a
                     perpetual
                     Application
                     to
                     observe
                     in
                     what
                     manner
                     all
                     the
                     Plants
                     of
                     his
                     Garden
                     do
                     grow
                     ,
                     not
                     to
                     Employ
                     his
                     time
                     in
                     planting
                     his
                     Ground
                     with
                     Things
                     that
                     can
                     no
                     longer
                     thrive
                     there
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     he
                     must
                     leave
                     no
                     part
                     of
                     his
                     Garden
                     unmanur'd
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     sufficient
                     to
                     shift
                     his
                     Legumes
                     and
                     Seed
                     :
                     His
                     Earth
                     can
                     never
                     be
                     so
                     worn
                     out
                     or
                     Exhausted
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     oblige
                     him
                     to
                     leave
                     it
                     altogether
                     unimploy'd
                     ;
                     he
                     may
                     make
                     it
                     produce
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Things
                     one
                     after
                     another
                     ,
                     provided
                     he
                     never
                     lets
                     it
                     want
                     some
                     Helps
                     it
                     requires
                     .
                     However
                     ,
                     supposing
                     he
                     were
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     plant
                     or
                     put
                     Things
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     kind
                     in
                     the
                     Room
                     of
                     the
                     old
                     Ones
                     ;
                     for
                     Instance
                     ,
                     new
                     Trees
                     in
                     the
                     Room
                     of
                     others
                     that
                     are
                     Dead
                     ,
                     then
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     there
                     is
                     some
                     work
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     Oeconomy
                     to
                     be
                     practis'd
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     will
                     speak
                     of
                     hereafter
                     ;
                     besides
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     Employing
                     Earth
                     well
                     ,
                     is
                     fully
                     examin'd
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     the
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     IX
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Fallow
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     These
                     Terms
                     of
                     Fallows
                     ,
                     or
                     Earth
                     that
                     lies
                     at
                     Rest
                     and
                     Unimploy'd
                     ,
                     intimate
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Grounds
                     sometimes
                     want
                     Rest
                     ,
                     thereby
                     to
                     be
                     recover'd
                     or
                     reinforc'd
                     ,
                     whether
                     the
                     Influences
                     of
                     the
                     Stars
                     ,
                     and
                     more
                     particularly
                     the
                     Rains
                     ,
                     cause
                     that
                     useful
                     Reparation
                     (
                     as
                     certainly
                     they
                     contribute
                     much
                     to
                     it
                     )
                     or
                     rather
                     whether
                     those
                     Earths
                     have
                     in
                     themselves
                     a
                     fund
                     of
                     Natural
                     Fruitfulness
                     with
                     a
                     Faculty
                     not
                     indeed
                     to
                     render
                     that
                     Fruitfulness
                     undrainable
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     re-establish
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     produce
                     it
                     again
                     ;
                     when
                     ,
                     after
                     having
                     been
                     impair'd
                     by
                     continual
                     Productions
                     ,
                     we
                     let
                     it
                     lie
                     Fallow
                     for
                     some
                     time
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     we
                     did
                     abandon
                     it
                     to
                     its
                     own
                     Discretion
                     ,
                     and
                     judg'd
                     it
                     capable
                     of
                     knowing
                     its
                     own
                     Distemper
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     remedy
                     it
                     .
                     Thus
                     Philosophers
                     impute
                     to
                     the
                     Air
                     an
                     Elastic
                     Force
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     use
                     a
                     more
                     sensible
                     Example
                     .
                     Thus
                     Water
                     has
                     in
                     it self
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Natural
                     Coolness
                     with
                     a
                     Principle
                     of
                     re-establishing
                     ,
                     and
                     reproducing
                     that
                     Coolness
                     ,
                     when
                     after
                     its
                     having
                     been
                     heated
                     by
                     Fire
                     ,
                     or
                     by
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     remov'd
                     out
                     of
                     their
                     Reach
                     :
                     Heat
                     is
                     certainly
                     a
                     stranger
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     an
                     Enemy
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     keeps
                     this
                     Water
                     in
                     a
                     violent
                     Motion
                     ;
                     But
                     when
                     't
                     is
                     remov'd
                     from
                     that
                     which
                     caus'd
                     and
                     maintain'd
                     that
                     Heat
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     left
                     at
                     Rest
                     ,
                     it
                     destroys
                     that
                     which
                     render'd
                     it
                     defective
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     degrees
                     becomes
                     cool
                     again
                     as
                     before
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     it
                     recovers
                     the
                     perfection
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     natural
                     to
                     its
                     Being
                     and
                     Temper
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thus
                     good
                     Earth
                     being
                     Impair'd
                     by
                     the
                     Nourishing
                     of
                     some
                     Plants
                     that
                     were
                     Strangers
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     drain'd
                     it
                     at
                     once
                     of
                     all
                     its
                     ancient
                     Salt
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     new
                     ,
                     as
                     fast
                     as
                     it
                     repair'd
                     it
                     ;
                     if
                     we
                     discharge
                     or
                     ease
                     it
                     of
                     those
                     Plants
                     ,
                     and
                     leave
                     it
                     for
                     a
                     while
                     without
                     requiring
                     any
                     thing
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     Fallow
                     or
                     at
                     Rest
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     easily
                     return
                     to
                     its
                     natural
                     Fertility
                     ,
                     especially
                     if
                     instead
                     of
                     planting
                     it
                     with
                     little
                     ordinary
                     Plants
                     ,
                     we
                     mix
                     a
                     little
                     good
                     Dung
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     the
                     Straw
                     that
                     shall
                     Rot
                     ,
                     or
                     be
                     Burnt
                     among
                     it
                     ,
                     will
                     afford
                     it
                     new
                     strength
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     Nature
                     shows
                     us
                     in
                     this
                     a
                     true
                     Circulation
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     will
                     Explain
                     hereafter
                     in
                     the
                     Chapter
                     of
                     Amendments
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     X.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Transported
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     There
                     is
                     but
                     little
                     to
                     be
                     said
                     in
                     the
                     Càse
                     of
                     
                       Transported
                       Earth
                    
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Novelty
                     our
                     Age
                     has
                     introduc'd
                     in
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                     The
                     Author
                     of
                     the
                     Georgics
                     ,
                     who
                     has
                     Treated
                     with
                     so
                     much
                     Exactness
                     about
                     the
                     Differences
                     of
                     Earth
                     ,
                     has
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     mention'd
                     this
                     .
                     This
                     Expedient
                     of
                     Transporting
                     Earth
                     is
                     seldom
                     practis'd
                     ,
                     but
                     when
                     a
                     Garden
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     in
                     a
                     Place
                     that
                     has
                     none
                     ,
                     which
                     does
                     not
                     happen
                     often
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     where
                     great
                     Gardens
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     ,
                     or
                     when
                     we
                     design
                     to
                     fill
                     up
                     some
                     Trenches
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     cause
                     to
                     believe
                     worn
                     out
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     cases
                     Earth
                     must
                     be
                     sent
                     for
                     from
                     Places
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     good
                     .
                     Wo
                     to
                     him
                     who
                     being
                     necessitated
                     to
                     be
                     at
                     the
                     Charge
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Transportation
                     ,
                     only
                     chuses
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     bad
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     Fault
                     ,
                     I
                     believe
                     ,
                     few
                     People
                     do
                     commit
                     .
                  
                   
                     Good
                     Earth
                     seems
                     to
                     meet
                     with
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Improvement
                     in
                     that
                     Transportation
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Reason
                     that
                     People
                     say
                     ,
                     Such
                     and
                     such
                     a
                     Garden
                     cannot
                     be
                     Ill
                     ,
                     since
                     it
                     is
                     altogether
                     compos'd
                     of
                     
                       Transported
                       Earth
                    
                     .
                     The
                     Reason
                     of
                     this
                     Improvement
                     by
                     Transporting
                     ,
                     is
                     as
                     difficult
                     to
                     be
                     solv'd
                     ,
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Amendment
                     which
                     proceeds
                     from
                     the
                     Burning
                     of
                     Stubble
                     .
                     
                     The
                     Poet
                     gives
                     Four
                     without
                     determining
                     upon
                     any
                     ,
                     perhaps
                     being
                     willing
                     to
                     insinuate
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     Judges
                     them
                     all
                     equally
                     good
                     .
                     Thus
                     it
                     appears
                     Evident
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     that
                     Earth
                     really
                     Improves
                     by
                     Transportation
                     ,
                     whether
                     that
                     Improvement
                     proceeds
                     from
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     removal
                     the
                     Air
                     penetrating
                     more
                     into
                     it
                     ,
                     revives
                     some
                     Principle
                     of
                     Vigour
                     that
                     was
                     conceal'd
                     ,
                     or
                     that
                     the
                     Air
                     Purifies
                     some
                     Ill
                     Qualities
                     it
                     had
                     contracted
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     renders
                     it
                     looser
                     and
                     more
                     penetrable
                     to
                     the
                     Roots
                     ,
                     which
                     roam
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     every
                     where
                     to
                     look
                     for
                     some
                     fresh
                     Nourishment
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     XI
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       New
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       Ground
                       new
                       broke
                       open
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     There
                     still
                     remains
                     to
                     Explain
                     what
                     
                       New
                       Earth
                    
                     is
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     Earth
                     never
                     having
                     seen
                     the
                     〈◊〉
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     Help
                     or
                     Succours
                     newly
                     Introduc'd
                     in
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     apparently
                     as
                     much
                     unknown
                     in
                     the
                     Ancient
                     Husbandry
                     ,
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     
                       Transported
                       Earth
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     Authors
                     do
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     mention
                     .
                     We
                     have
                     a
                     particular
                     value
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     indeed
                     cannot
                     have
                     too
                     much
                     ,
                     since
                     it
                     is
                     certain
                     that
                     this
                     
                       New
                       Soil
                    
                     possesses
                     not
                     only
                     all
                     the
                     first
                     Salt
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     given
                     it
                     at
                     the
                     Moment
                     of
                     the
                     Creation
                     ;
                     but
                     also
                     the
                     Major
                     Part
                     of
                     the
                     Salt
                     of
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     press'd
                     down
                     to
                     the
                     Bottom
                     by
                     Rains
                     and
                     Waterings
                     ,
                     the
                     Weight
                     of
                     which
                     made
                     it
                     descend
                     where-ever
                     it
                     could
                     penetrate
                     .
                     This
                     Salt
                     preserves
                     it self
                     in
                     those
                     hidden
                     Earths
                     ,
                     until
                     they
                     become
                     a
                     Surface
                     themselves
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     the
                     Air
                     gives
                     them
                     a
                     proper
                     disposition
                     to
                     employ
                     with
                     Glory
                     that
                     Fertility
                     wherewith
                     they
                     are
                     Endu'd
                     ;
                     and
                     indeed
                     they
                     are
                     no
                     sooner
                     at
                     Liberty
                     to
                     Act
                     ,
                     but
                     they
                     produce
                     Vegetables
                     of
                     a
                     surprising
                     Beauty
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     not
                     difficult
                     to
                     apprehend
                     what
                     
                       New
                       Mould
                    
                     is
                     ,
                     all
                     Earths
                     were
                     so
                     Originally
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     Moment
                     of
                     their
                     Creation
                     ,
                     God
                     by
                     his
                     Command
                     having
                     bestow'd
                     upon
                     them
                     the
                     Gift
                     of
                     the
                     Faculty
                     of
                     Production
                     ,
                     which
                     till
                     then
                     had
                     not
                     been
                     put
                     in
                     Use
                     .
                     From
                     that
                     time
                     none
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     of
                     the
                     Surface
                     of
                     that
                     Terrestrial
                     Body
                     or
                     Mass
                     ,
                     can
                     be
                     called
                     New
                     ,
                     since
                     all
                     those
                     that
                     were
                     capable
                     of
                     Producing
                     ,
                     have
                     not
                     ceas'd
                     to
                     Act
                     hitherto
                     :
                     But
                     whereas
                     there
                     are
                     many
                     Places
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     Bottom
                     of
                     that
                     Earth
                     ,
                     within
                     Two
                     or
                     Three
                     Foot
                     of
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     has
                     always
                     remain'd
                     without
                     Action
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     where
                     that
                     very
                     Surface
                     has
                     not
                     been
                     allowed
                     to
                     Act
                     ,
                     both
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     afford
                     us
                     
                       New
                       Earth
                    
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     in
                     our
                     Necessities
                     :
                     So
                     that
                     by
                     
                       New
                       Earth
                    
                     we
                     mean
                     such
                     as
                     never
                     serv'd
                     towards
                     the
                     Nourishment
                     of
                     any
                     Plant.
                     For
                     Instance
                     ,
                     such
                     as
                     lies
                     Three
                     Foot
                     beneath
                     the
                     Surface
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     thence
                     as
                     low
                     as
                     it
                     can
                     go
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     really
                     Earth
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     we
                     mean
                     such
                     as
                     having
                     already
                     nourish'd
                     several
                     Plants
                     ,
                     has
                     afterwards
                     been
                     long
                     without
                     nourishing
                     any
                     others
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     such
                     as
                     has
                     been
                     built
                     upon
                     .
                     We
                     say
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     by
                     Experience
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Year
                     ,
                     both
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     of
                     these
                     Earths
                     are
                     wonderfully
                     good
                     ,
                     especially
                     for
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Plants
                     and
                     Legumes
                     Improving
                     ,
                     Growing
                     and
                     Thickning
                     visibly
                     in
                     them
                     :
                     And
                     when
                     we
                     plant
                     Trees
                     in
                     them
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     good
                     in
                     themselves
                     ,
                     and
                     be
                     well
                     planted
                     ,
                     few
                     of
                     them
                     Miscarry
                     ;
                     whereas
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     naught
                     ,
                     or
                     really
                     worn
                     out
                     ,
                     the
                     greatest
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     Die
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     well
                     condition'd
                     ,
                     or
                     so
                     carefully
                     planted
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Eyes
                     are
                     not
                     capable
                     to
                     distinguish
                     whether
                     Earth
                     be
                     new
                     or
                     worn
                     out
                     ,
                     that
                     Knowledge
                     must
                     proceed
                     from
                     other
                     Things
                     ,
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     being
                     extreamly
                     alike
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     might
                     be
                     said
                     with
                     Reason
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Earths
                     that
                     are
                     bad
                     ,
                     whether
                     they
                     have
                     always
                     been
                     so
                     ,
                     or
                     are
                     grown
                     so
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     unlike
                     Gun-Powder
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     bad
                     ,
                     or
                     having
                     taken
                     Vent
                     ,
                     cannot
                     take
                     Fire
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     looks
                     altogether
                     like
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     good
                     .
                     Thus
                     Earth
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     naturally
                     naught
                     and
                     barren
                     ,
                     or
                     having
                     been
                     good
                     is
                     worn
                     out
                     ,
                     not
                     having
                     any
                     thing
                     within
                     it
                     to
                     animate
                     it
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     receives
                     heat
                     and
                     moisture
                     ,
                     remains
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     dead
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     a
                     Succours
                     which
                     would
                     animate
                     any
                     other
                     Earth
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     not
                     contributing
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     to
                     the
                     Action
                     of
                     the
                     old
                     Roots
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     they
                     at
                     last
                     rot
                     ,
                     and
                     together
                     with
                     them
                     the
                     whole
                     Body
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     fully
                     Explain'd
                     in
                     my
                     Reflections
                     upon
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     Vegetation
                     .
                  
                   
                     From
                     whence
                     it
                     follows
                     ,
                     first
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     pleasant
                     to
                     make
                     new
                     Plantations
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     in
                     good
                     new
                     Earth
                     ;
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     Place
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     those
                     who
                     make
                     new
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     ought
                     certainly
                     to
                     be
                     careful
                     of
                     preparing
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Magazine
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     have
                     it
                     with
                     Ease
                     and
                     Convenience
                     ,
                     whenever
                     they
                     stand
                     in
                     need
                     of
                     replanting
                     new
                     Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     pretty
                     often
                     .
                     The
                     Space
                     of
                     the
                     Alleys
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     of
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     is
                     very
                     fit
                     for
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Provisions
                     to
                     which
                     use
                     I
                     Employ
                     them
                     ,
                     instead
                     of
                     doing
                     what
                     most
                     People
                     do
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     fill
                     them
                     with
                     Gravel
                     and
                     Dirt
                     ,
                     taken
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Plats
                     ,
                     or
                     Squares
                     and
                     Trenches
                     .
                     H
                     〈…〉
                     ooten
                     does
                     it
                     happen
                     ,
                     for
                     want
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     conveniency
                     of
                     new
                     Earth
                     to
                     put
                     again
                     into
                     
                     the
                     Trenches
                     ,
                     as
                     People
                     would
                     do
                     if
                     they
                     had
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Money
                     ,
                     Time
                     and
                     Pleasure
                     is
                     lost
                     in
                     being
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     plant
                     new
                     Trees
                     and
                     Plants
                     in
                     the
                     Room
                     of
                     the
                     old
                     ones
                     that
                     are
                     dead
                     ;
                     for
                     indeed
                     few
                     of
                     them
                     escape
                     in
                     those
                     old
                     ,
                     ill-condition'd
                     Soils
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     must
                     needs
                     pity
                     those
                     who
                     neglect
                     a
                     thing
                     that
                     is
                     so
                     Useful
                     and
                     so
                     Necessary
                     .
                     Before
                     I
                     conclude
                     what
                     I
                     had
                     to
                     say
                     about
                     Earth
                     ,
                     I
                     must
                     speak
                     a
                     word
                     or
                     two
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Colour
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     sometimes
                     easie
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     its
                     good
                     or
                     ill
                     Qualities
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     SECTION
                     XII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       Colour
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     declar'd
                     several
                     Times
                     already
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     most
                     essential
                     and
                     surest
                     Mark
                     of
                     the
                     goodness
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     taken
                     from
                     the
                     Natural
                     Beauty
                     of
                     its
                     Productions
                     ;
                     some
                     would
                     willingly
                     besides
                     this
                     ,
                     settle
                     another
                     certain
                     mark
                     upon
                     the
                     Colour
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     a
                     blackish
                     Grey
                     is
                     a
                     convincing
                     Proof
                     in
                     that
                     matter
                     ,
                     besides
                     its
                     being
                     most
                     pleasing
                     to
                     the
                     Eye
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     Question
                     has
                     not
                     only
                     been
                     debated
                     in
                     our
                     Days
                     ;
                     the
                     great
                     Authors
                     of
                     Antiquity
                     
                     have
                     made
                     some
                     Reflections
                     upon
                     it
                     before
                     us
                     ;
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     prejudic'd
                     in
                     this
                     Point
                     ,
                     having
                     seen
                     good
                     and
                     bad
                     Earth
                     of
                     all
                     Colours
                     :
                     But
                     yet
                     it
                     is
                     certain
                     that
                     this
                     blackish
                     Grey
                     ,
                     which
                     pleases
                     most
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     deserv'd
                     the
                     Approbation
                     of
                     former
                     Ages
                     ,
                     is
                     commonly
                     in
                     that
                     respect
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     Signs
                     of
                     goodness
                     ,
                     though
                     not
                     Infallible
                     .
                     We
                     often
                     meet
                     with
                     Redish
                     and
                     Whitish
                     Earth
                     that
                     are
                     Incomparable
                     ,
                     but
                     seldom
                     any
                     that
                     is
                     quite
                     White
                     deserving
                     that
                     Character
                     .
                     We
                     likewise
                     meet
                     with
                     some
                     that
                     is
                     Black
                     ,
                     either
                     at
                     the
                     Top
                     of
                     some
                     Hills
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     certain
                     Vales
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     very
                     barren
                     ;
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     dead
                     Sand
                     ,
                     which
                     can
                     at
                     most
                     only
                     produce
                     Broom
                     and
                     Furrs
                     .
                  
                   
                     Therefore
                     we
                     must
                     conclude
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     true
                     mark
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     Goodness
                     of
                     Mould
                     ,
                     is
                     neither
                     the
                     Colour
                     nor
                     Depth
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     since
                     nothing
                     but
                     the
                     fine
                     Production
                     it
                     naturally
                     affords
                     can
                     do
                     it
                     ,
                     they
                     only
                     can
                     decide
                     in
                     that
                     Point
                     .
                     For
                     Instance
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Fields
                     we
                     may
                     judge
                     by
                     the
                     goodness
                     of
                     the
                     Grass
                     ,
                     which
                     Cattle
                     willingly
                     feeds
                     on
                     ;
                     by
                     the
                     
                       Brambles
                       ,
                       Briers
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     In
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     by
                     the
                     Size
                     of
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     large
                     Lettuces
                     and
                     
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     But
                     more
                     especially
                     ,
                     as
                     has
                     been
                     said
                     already
                     by
                     the
                     Vigour
                     of
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     their
                     long
                     Shoots
                     ,
                     the
                     large
                     Size
                     and
                     flourishing
                     Verdure
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     These
                     marks
                     we
                     may
                     look
                     upon
                     as
                     undeniable
                     Proofs
                     and
                     Witnesses
                     ,
                     upon
                     whose
                     Deposition
                     we
                     may
                     absolutely
                     rely
                     ,
                     without
                     trusting
                     to
                     any
                     other
                     .
                     The
                     Size
                     of
                     Fruits
                     may
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     something
                     in
                     that
                     Case
                     ,
                     but
                     is
                     no
                     Infallible
                     Argument
                     ,
                     since
                     we
                     commonly
                     see
                     large
                     Fruit
                     upon
                     weak
                     Trees
                     and
                     some
                     very
                     small
                     upon
                     others
                     that
                     are
                     more
                     Vigorous
                     .
                     I
                     Explain
                     the
                     Reasons
                     of
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     difference
                     in
                     another
                     Place
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Situation
                     our
                     Gardens
                     require
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AFTER
                   having
                   sufficiently
                   Explain'd
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   particular
                   Case
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   I
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   Conditions
                   that
                   are
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   Fruit
                   and
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   second
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   is
                   the
                   Situation
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   a
                   distinction
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   viz.
                   whether
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   only
                   without
                   any
                   mixture
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   excepting
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Red
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Raspberries
                     ,
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Currans
                     ,
                  
                   which
                   compose
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   to
                   Fruit-Gardens
                   without
                   any
                   Legumes
                   ;
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit-Garden
                   and
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   are
                   made
                   asunder
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   this
                   Garden
                   being
                   compos'd
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   little
                   Valleys
                   or
                   Dales
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   to
                   all
                   other
                   Situations
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   have
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   fit
                   for
                   Excellent
                   Meadows
                   ,
                   the
                   Moulds
                   is
                   easie
                   and
                   apparently
                   of
                   a
                   sufficient
                   depth
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fatten'd
                   with
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   good
                   upon
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Hills
                   .
                   Fine
                   Legumes
                   grow
                   in
                   it
                   with
                   Ease
                   and
                   Plenty
                   .
                   Red
                   Fruit
                   acquire
                   in
                   it
                   that
                   Sweetness
                   and
                   Size
                   which
                   renders
                   them
                   recommendable
                   :
                   Waterings
                   are
                   easie
                   at
                   hand
                   ,
                   Springs
                   and
                   Brooks
                   being
                   seldom
                   wanting
                   there
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   they
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   Inconvenience
                   ,
                   by
                   Inundations
                   .
                   When
                   that
                   Misfortune
                   happens
                   ,
                   few
                   of
                   those
                   Plants
                   escape
                   which
                   ought
                   to
                   last
                   above
                   a
                   Year
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Ground
                     .
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                  
                   and
                   Strawberries
                   meet
                   with
                   their
                   Destruction
                   
                   by
                   being
                   long
                   overflow'd
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   all
                   the
                   Advantages
                   that
                   are
                   promis'd
                   by
                   a
                   good
                   Dale
                   ,
                   are
                   infinitely
                   overbalanc'd
                   by
                   the
                   Desolation
                   wherewith
                   it
                   is
                   threatn'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   Case
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   having
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   and
                   betimes
                   ,
                   certainly
                   your
                   elevated
                   moderate
                   Dry
                   Grounds
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   provided
                   always
                   the
                   Ground
                   be
                   good
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   deep
                   enough
                   ;
                   The
                   Choice
                   Fruits
                   do
                   not
                   perhaps
                   grow
                   so
                   large
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   recompens'd
                   by
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Colour
                   ,
                   the
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Taste
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Forwardness
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   .
                   What
                   Difference
                   is
                   there
                   between
                   the
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   those
                   Dry
                   Situations
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   moist
                   Valleys
                   :
                   And
                   indeed
                   ,
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   are
                   the
                   true
                   Touchstone
                   directing
                   us
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   or
                   ill
                   Situation
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ;
                   how
                   delicious
                   are
                   your
                   
                     Winter-Thorns
                     ,
                     Burgamots
                     ,
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     Petitoms
                  
                   and
                   
                     Louises-bonnes
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   growing
                   upon
                   an
                   Elevated
                   Ground
                   ,
                   compar'd
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   of
                   Pears
                   growing
                   in
                   a
                   Meadow-Ground
                   .
                   Those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   are
                   another
                   convincing
                   Proof
                   of
                   the
                   Importance
                   of
                   the
                   Situation
                   of
                   Fruit-Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   lastly
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   coveted
                   by
                   most
                   People
                   ,
                   I
                   
                   mean
                   Gardens
                   compos'd
                   both
                   of
                   Fruits
                   and
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   the
                   Choice
                   is
                   easily
                   made
                   .
                   Nothing
                   can
                   certainly
                   be
                   better
                   than
                   a
                   rising
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   furnishes
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   supposing
                   still
                   the
                   Ground
                   be
                   good
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Conditions
                   heretofore
                   Explain'd
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   in
                   neither
                   too
                   dry
                   nor
                   too
                   moist
                   ;
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   the
                   Hills
                   washing
                   it
                   constantly
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   remaining
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   afford
                   it
                   a
                   proper
                   temper
                   ;
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   performs
                   its
                   Function
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   oppos'd
                   by
                   Cold
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Inseparable
                   from
                   
                     Marshy
                     Grounds
                  
                   .
                   Those
                   Risings
                   to
                   be
                   altogether
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   Desires
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   too
                   steep
                   ;
                   least
                   the
                   Torrents
                   ,
                   Summer
                   commonly
                   produces
                   ,
                   might
                   cause
                   very
                   considerable
                   disorders
                   there
                   ;
                   those
                   are
                   best
                   where
                   the
                   ascent
                   is
                   almost
                   Imperceptible
                   ,
                   where
                   every
                   clap
                   of
                   Thunder
                   does
                   not
                   threaten
                   dismal
                   Consequences
                   ,
                   and
                   where
                   People
                   are
                   not
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Vexation
                   of
                   seeing
                   their
                   Trees
                   torn
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   sudden
                   gluts
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   sometimes
                   the
                   Earth
                   tumbled
                   from
                   the
                   top
                   to
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   the
                   Walks
                   utterly
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   neatness
                   ,
                   delight
                   and
                   advantage
                   of
                   it
                   utterly
                   over-thrown
                   .
                   It
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   that
                   all
                   Gentlemen
                   might
                   meet
                   with
                   such
                   favourable
                   Situations
                   for
                   their
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   they
                   are
                   scarce
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   People
                   are
                   often
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   great
                   Plains
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   ;
                   others
                   upon
                   Hills
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   in
                   Valleys
                   or
                   Dales
                   ;
                   we
                   will
                   declare
                   hereafter
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   succeed
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Exposures
                     of
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     general
                     as
                     in
                     particular
                     ;
                     with
                     the
                     Explication
                     of
                     what
                     may
                     be
                     good
                     and
                     ill
                     in
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   situated
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   also
                   be
                   well
                   expos'd
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   small
                   rising
                   not
                   being
                   well
                   expos'd
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   call'd
                   an
                   advantagious
                   Situation
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   four
                   sorts
                   of
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   all
                   easily
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   Names
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   given
                   them
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   difference
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   Gard'ners
                   these
                   Terms
                   signifie
                   the
                   clean
                   contrary
                   of
                   what
                   they
                   do
                   among
                   Astrologers
                   and
                   Geographers
                   ;
                   these
                   only
                   regarding
                   those
                   Parts
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   actually
                   appears
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   lighten'd
                   by
                   his
                   Beams
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   by
                   East
                   they
                   mean
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   Rises
                   ,
                   by
                   West
                   the
                   part
                   where
                   it
                   Sets
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Whereas
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   only
                   consider
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   their
                   Garden
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Sun
                   directly
                   shines
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   what
                   manner
                   it
                   shines
                   upon
                   it
                   throughout
                   the
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   day
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   see
                   the
                   Sun
                   at
                   his
                   Rising
                   ,
                   and
                   during
                   all
                   the
                   first
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   day
                   continue
                   to
                   shine
                   upon
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   that
                   side
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   and
                   indeed
                   it
                   is
                   really
                   the
                   East
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   begins
                   to
                   appear
                   later
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   remove
                   sooner
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   can
                   no
                   longer
                   be
                   call'd
                   East
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   reason
                   they
                   call
                   that
                   side
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Sun
                   shines
                   all
                   the
                   second
                   half
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   day
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   from
                   Noon
                   till
                   Night
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   of
                   speaking
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   that
                   part
                   South
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   shines
                   from
                   above
                   nine
                   in
                   the
                   Morning
                   till
                   Evening
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   it
                   shines
                   longest
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   day
                   ,
                   whatever
                   hour
                   it
                   begins
                   at
                   ,
                   or
                   removes
                   from
                   it
                   ;
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   that
                   North
                   which
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   least
                   favour'd
                   by
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   for
                   perhaps
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   receive
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   it
                   above
                   one
                   hour
                   or
                   two
                   
                   in
                   the
                   Morning
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   at
                   Night
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   true
                   meaning
                   of
                   Exposures
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   whereby
                   may
                   be
                   understood
                   the
                   meaning
                   of
                   that
                   manner
                   of
                   speaking
                   so
                   common
                   among
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   my
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   are
                   better
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   ;
                   my
                   
                     Wall
                     Fruits
                  
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   often
                   water'd
                   
                   by
                   Raine
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   
                     West
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Besides
                   ,
                   those
                   Names
                   of
                   Expositions
                   likewise
                   express
                   those
                   Winds
                   Gardens
                   are
                   more
                   ,
                   or
                   less
                   expos'd
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Winds
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   almost
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   different
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   Although
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   urg'd
                   ,
                   that
                   whatever
                   Situation
                   a
                   Garden
                   be
                   in
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   of
                   necessity
                   all
                   the
                   Aspects
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Favors
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   fear
                   the
                   Insults
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   yet
                   every
                   body
                   agrees
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   are
                   better
                   expos'd
                   than
                   others
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   particularly
                   understood
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   upon
                   Hills
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   Mountains
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   have
                   the
                   Rising
                   Sun
                   ,
                   others
                   the
                   Setting
                   ;
                   some
                   lye
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   North
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Gardens
                   that
                   are
                   situated
                   in
                   Plains
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   neither
                   cover'd
                   by
                   Mountains
                   ,
                   or
                   high
                   Woods
                   ,
                   or
                   lofty
                   Buildings
                   ,
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   those
                   Exposures
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   sensible
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   usual
                   manner
                   of
                   speaking
                   to
                   express
                   the
                   Expositions
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   particular
                   distinction
                   of
                   sides
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   understood
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Expositions
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   coast
                   where
                   those
                   Gardens
                   are
                   situated
                   ;
                   as
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   speaking
                   of
                   the
                   Exposures
                   of
                   Walls
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   Suns
                   shining
                   upon
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   day
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   situated
                   upon
                   a
                   small
                   Hill
                   ,
                   we
                   say
                   that
                   it
                   lyes
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   we
                   mean
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   shines
                   upon
                   it
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   Rises
                   ,
                   and
                   shines
                   but
                   little
                   upon
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Afternoon
                   :
                   and
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   that
                   a
                   Garden
                   lyes
                   full
                   South
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   shines
                   upon
                   it
                   all
                   the
                   day
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   from
                   Nine
                   or
                   Ten
                   in
                   the
                   Morning
                   till
                   the
                   Evening
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   reason
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Garden
                   lyes
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   we
                   mean
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   does
                   not
                   begin
                   to
                   shine
                   upon
                   it
                   till
                   about
                   Noon
                   ,
                   and
                   remains
                   there
                   till
                   it
                   sets
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   the
                   meaning
                   of
                   Expositions
                   is
                   fully
                   understood
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   decide
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   general
                   for
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   particular
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   know
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   East
                   ,
                   are
                   by
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   all
                   Gard'ners
                   the
                   two
                   chief
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   before
                   the
                   two
                   others
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   fit
                   to
                   know
                   that
                   the
                   Exposition
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   is
                   not
                   amiss
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   much
                   better
                   than
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   is
                   the
                   worst
                   of
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   decide
                   between
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   the
                   temper
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   must
                   first
                   be
                   distinguish'd
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   cold
                   ,
                   the
                   South
                   is
                   best
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   hot
                   ,
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   will
                   be
                   most
                   favourable
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Exposures
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   in
                   all
                   Earths
                   is
                   commonly
                   proper
                   to
                   secure
                   all
                   Plants
                   against
                   the
                   rigors
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   taste
                   to
                   the
                   Legumes
                   and
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   forward
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   early
                   in
                   all
                   Seasons
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   favourable
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   so
                   particularly
                   to
                   a
                   strong
                   cold
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   can
                   hardly
                   act
                   unless
                   animated
                   by
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   heat
                   from
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   proper
                   Exposition
                   for
                   it
                   :
                   but
                   not
                   for
                   light
                   Earths
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   hot
                   Climats
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   apt
                   to
                   scorch
                   the
                   Plants
                   in
                   Summer
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   become
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ,
                   it
                   engenders
                   a
                   thousand
                   Emots
                   or
                   kind
                   of
                   Fleas
                   which
                   gnaw
                   and
                   wrinkle
                   the
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   it
                   hinders
                   the
                   Fruits
                   from
                   growing
                   to
                   that
                   bigness
                   they
                   should
                   do
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   lessens
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Taste
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   often
                   makes
                   them
                   drop
                   before
                   their
                   time
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   it
                   spoils
                   or
                   drys
                   up
                   the
                   Branches
                   and
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   nay
                   even
                   the
                   stalks
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   often
                   see
                   it
                   in
                   Musctts
                   and
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   and
                   sometimes
                   also
                   in
                   over-hard'ning
                   the
                   Rine
                   of
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   that
                   it
                   often
                   scorches
                   and
                   chaps
                   them
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   abundance
                   of
                   Peaches
                   and
                   Figs
                   growing
                   against
                   Walls
                   perish
                   through
                   excessive
                   heats
                   :
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   decide
                   the
                   choice
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Earth
                   ;
                   the
                   South
                   is
                   most
                   desirable
                   in
                   cold
                   moist
                   parts
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   in
                   dry
                   sandy
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   Generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   this
                   Exposition
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   is
                   free
                   from
                   the
                   Northern
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   their
                   usual
                   coldness
                   are
                   always
                   cruel
                   and
                   fatal
                   to
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   it
                   is
                   generally
                   chosen
                   before
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   in
                   light
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   being
                   favour'd
                   by
                   Night
                   Dews
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   gentle
                   and
                   mild
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Rising
                     Sun
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   incomparable
                   for
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   Size
                   and
                   Taste
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Preservation
                   of
                   Trees
                   and
                   
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   and
                   especially
                   because
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   it
                   defends
                   us
                   from
                   the
                   
                     North
                     West
                  
                   Winds
                   ;
                   that
                   Wind
                   rises
                   between
                   the
                   West
                   and
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   regularly
                   blows
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   attended
                   by
                   white
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   destructive
                   to
                   the
                   Blossoms
                   and
                   Fruits
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   whereon
                   it
                   lights
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   People
                   easily
                   
                   bear
                   with
                   that
                   Eastern
                   Exposition
                   even
                   in
                   strong
                   Earths
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   I
                   do
                   certainly
                   believe
                   it
                   best
                   for
                   light
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Although
                   I
                   have
                   preferr'd
                   the
                   Exposition
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   before
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   without
                   any
                   hesitation
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   being
                   certainly
                   the
                   worst
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ;
                   yet
                   in
                   those
                   Climats
                   where
                   the
                   heat
                   being
                   excessive
                   ,
                   burns
                   ,
                   and
                   absolutely
                   ruins
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   too
                   long
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   the
                   North
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   chosen
                   before
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   since
                   our
                   Gardens
                   only
                   want
                   a
                   moderate
                   heat
                   to
                   nourish
                   gentle
                   what
                   they
                   produce
                   ,
                   especially
                   to
                   conduct
                   Fruits
                   to
                   a
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   those
                   Climats
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   seems
                   too
                   violent
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   rather
                   affect
                   a
                   Northern
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   having
                   but
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   hours
                   of
                   
                     Rising
                     Sun
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Setting
                   as
                   any
                   other
                   ,
                   whether
                   that
                   which
                   scorches
                   it
                   all
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   which
                   shines
                   upon
                   it
                   but
                   half
                   the
                   Day
                   :
                   And
                   certainly
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   hot
                   Climats
                   are
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   proper
                   on
                   the
                   South
                   Walls
                   for
                   any
                   of
                   our
                   kernel
                   ,
                   or
                   stone
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   too
                   tender
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   proper
                   for
                   
                     Orange
                     Trees
                     ,
                     Citron
                     Trees
                     ,
                     Pomegranets
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Muscats
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Leaves
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   upon
                   the
                   Trees
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   Expositions
                   will
                   be
                   good
                   enough
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   tender
                   Fruits
                   which
                   cannot
                   bear
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   examin'd
                   the
                   Advantages
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   expected
                   from
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   consider
                   the
                   Inconveniences
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   fear'd
                   from
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   infallibly
                   attended
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   indeed
                   be
                   prepar'd
                   to
                   bear
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   discomforted
                   when
                   they
                   happen
                   ,
                   seeing
                   the
                   impossibility
                   of
                   a
                   Remedy
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Southern
                   Exposition
                   generally
                   speaking
                   is
                   subject
                   to
                   great
                   Winds
                   from
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   August
                   to
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   which
                   often
                   blow
                   down
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   some
                   before
                   their
                   being
                   ripe
                   and
                   full
                   grown
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   ripe
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   quite
                   bruis'd
                   by
                   the
                   fall
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   best
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   perishes
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   performing
                   its
                   duty
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   nourish
                   and
                   recompence
                   the
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   Gardens
                   directly
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Southern
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   otherwise
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Advantages
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   much
                   valu'd
                   in
                   
                     Gard'ning
                     ,
                     Wall
                     Trees
                  
                   are
                   most
                   proper
                   ;
                   Dwarfs
                   also
                   defend
                   themselves
                   pretty
                   well
                   ,
                   but
                   Standards
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   pitty'd
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   whose
                   Fruit
                   does
                   not
                   stick
                   fast
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   
                     Virgoules
                     ,
                     Vertelongues
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   
                     Germains
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   which
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   proper
                   for
                   those
                   Exposures
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   power
                   to
                   resist
                   better
                   the
                   violence
                   of
                   the
                   Winds
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Ambrets
                   and
                   Lischalserie
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   or
                   else
                   stick
                   to
                   the
                   Summer
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   good
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   fall
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   small
                   
                     Muscat
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Blanquets
                   ,
                   or
                   whole
                   Pears
                   ,
                   the
                   Robins
                   ,
                   the
                   Russelets
                   or
                   Russetings
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Eastern
                   Exposure
                   ,
                   though
                   otherwise
                   incomparable
                   ,
                   has
                   its
                   Imperfections
                   too
                   sometimes
                   ;
                   In
                   the
                   Spring
                   it
                   is
                   subject
                   to
                   
                     North
                     East
                  
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   dry
                   ,
                   cold
                   Winds
                   that
                   wither
                   the
                   Leaves
                   and
                   new
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   especially
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ;
                   they
                   likewise
                   often
                   blow
                   down
                   abundance
                   of
                   Kernel
                   and
                   
                     stone
                     Fruit
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   young
                   Figs
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   by
                   a
                   reasonable
                   size
                   they
                   began
                   to
                   give
                   great
                   hopes
                   of
                   plenty
                   ;
                   those
                   Winds
                   are
                   not
                   the
                   only
                   Enemies
                   to
                   that
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   likewise
                   is
                   fatal
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Eastern
                     Wall
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   not
                   enjoying
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   Rains
                   ,
                   which
                   seldom
                   coming
                   but
                   from
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   cannot
                   reach
                   the
                   foot
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   whereby
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   lyable
                   to
                   a
                   mortal
                   drought
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   remedy'd
                   by
                   the
                   Expedients
                   explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Wall
                     Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Western
                   Exposure
                   not
                   only
                   dreads
                   
                     North
                     West
                  
                   Winds
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   so
                   pernicious
                   for
                   Trees
                   in
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Autumn
                   the
                   Winds
                   of
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   those
                   great
                   throwers
                   down
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   in
                   moist
                   cold
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   Rains
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   commonly
                   very
                   frequent
                   from
                   the
                   parts
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   Sets
                   ,
                   often
                   causes
                   great
                   Desolations
                   there
                   ;
                   whereas
                   on
                   the
                   oher
                   hand
                   ,
                   in
                   dry
                   light
                   Earths
                   ,
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   showers
                   repair
                   the
                   defects
                   of
                   sterility
                   ,
                   and
                   amend
                   the
                   Disorders
                   caus'd
                   by
                   too
                   much
                   drought
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Northern
                   Exposition
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   
                     Wall
                     Fruit
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   if
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   it
                   be
                   tolerable
                   for
                   all
                   Summer
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   some
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   dangerous
                   for
                   the
                   beauty
                   and
                   good
                   taste
                   of
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   again
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   advantagious
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   during
                   the
                   great
                   heats
                   for
                   Legumes
                   and
                   
                     Red
                     Fruits
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   would
                   make
                   to
                   hold
                   out
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Straw-berries
                     ,
                     Rasberries
                     ,
                     Currans
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   I
                   have
                   likewise
                   explain'd
                   this
                   matter
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   use
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   every
                   particular
                   Wall
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   Finally
                   ,
                   The
                   result
                   of
                   this
                   small
                   Treatise
                   about
                   the
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   have
                   their
                   Perfections
                   and
                   Imperfections
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   endeavour
                   to
                   take
                   our
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   use
                   all
                   our
                   Industry
                   to
                   defend
                   our selves
                   from
                   the
                   last
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Third
                     Condition
                     ,
                     which
                     requires
                     in
                     our
                     Gardens
                     the
                     Convenience
                     of
                     Waterings
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   NOthing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   certain
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   universally
                   granted
                   ,
                   than
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   
                   to
                   have
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   especially
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   able
                   for
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   to
                   secure
                   them
                   from
                   their
                   Mortal
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   drought
                   ;
                   the
                   Spring
                   and
                   Summer
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   great
                   heats
                   and
                   scorchings
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Legumes
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   perfect
                   and
                   abounding
                   can
                   yield
                   no
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   greatly
                   moisten'd
                   ;
                   they
                   only
                   improve
                   and
                   acquire
                   the
                   Perfections
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Vertue
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   viz.
                   largeness
                   ,
                   thickness
                   ,
                   sweetness
                   ,
                   and
                   delicacy
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   say
                   that
                   Legumes
                   are
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   being
                   always
                   small
                   ,
                   bitter
                   ,
                   hard
                   and
                   insipid
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   and
                   assistance
                   of
                   considerable
                   long
                   Rains
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   are
                   very
                   uncertain
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   that
                   of
                   great
                   and
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   Masters
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   at
                   command
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   ,
                   whatever
                   Rain
                   may
                   fall
                   ,
                   which
                   indeed
                   may
                   be
                   favourable
                   to
                   small
                   Plants
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Greens
                     ,
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Sallad
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   There
                   are
                   still
                   other
                   Plants
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   which
                   require
                   something
                   more
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   Artichoks
                   of
                   a
                   year
                   or
                   two's
                   growth
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   water'd
                   regularly
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   times
                   a
                   week
                   ,
                   a
                   Pitcher
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   to
                   every
                   Foot
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   we
                   think
                   that
                   a
                   little
                   Rain
                   is
                   sufficient
                   to
                   satisfie
                   our
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   soon
                   perceive
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   grosly
                   deceiv'd
                   ,
                   Gnats
                   will
                   annoy
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   head
                   will
                   remain
                   small
                   ,
                   hard
                   and
                   dry
                   ;
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   the
                   Suckers
                   will
                   only
                   produce
                   Leaves
                   ;
                   the
                   Experience
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   seen
                   among
                   substantial
                   sale
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   sufficiently
                   justifies
                   the
                   Necessity
                   and
                   Importance
                   of
                   Waterings
                   ;
                   they
                   seldom
                   fail
                   watering
                   of
                   their
                   Gardens
                   whatever
                   Rains
                   may
                   fall
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   their
                   Ware
                   is
                   much
                   finer
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   others
                   who
                   water
                   less
                   .
                
                 
                   During
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Months
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   generally
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   Watering
                   all
                   that
                   grows
                   in
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     Asparagus
                  
                   only
                   excepted
                   ,
                   which
                   only
                   performing
                   their
                   Duty
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   are
                   satisfied
                   with
                   the
                   moistures
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   want
                   none
                   after
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   and
                   May
                   :
                   But
                   whereas
                   those
                   two
                   Months
                   are
                   the
                   times
                   of
                   Blasting
                   and
                   Drought
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   often
                   a
                   Necessity
                   of
                   Watering
                   even
                   the
                   new
                   Planted
                   Trees
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   Water
                   those
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   brought
                   forth
                   a
                   great
                   Quantity
                   of
                   Green
                   Fruit
                   appear
                   moderately
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   require
                   some
                   help
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Reaping
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   preparing
                   for
                   us
                   ;
                   especially
                   if
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   naturally
                   dry
                   and
                   light
                   ,
                   those
                   Waterings
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   neglected
                   at
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   Solstice
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   renew'd
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Fruits
                   begin
                   to
                   form
                   their
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   the
                   Season
                   being
                   very
                   dry
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   they
                   remain
                   small
                   ,
                   stony
                   and
                   not
                   pallatable
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   whence
                   it
                   naturally
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   Water
                   is
                   absolutely
                   Necessary
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   plentifully
                   too
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   perform
                   the
                   Necessary
                   Waterings
                   they
                   require
                   in
                   due
                   time
                   ;
                   for
                   indeed
                   what
                   can
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   any
                   Ground
                   without
                   Water
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   remain
                   altogether
                   useless
                   for
                   Productions
                   ,
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ;
                   therefore
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   is
                   to
                   pitch
                   upon
                   Situations
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   Convenience
                   of
                   Water
                   ;
                   and
                   whoever
                   does
                   not
                   make
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   
                   his
                   first
                   Considerations
                   ,
                   deserves
                   blame
                   ,
                   or
                   pity
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   most
                   common
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   the
                   most
                   wretch'd
                   recourse
                   for
                   Waterings
                   is
                   that
                   of
                   Wells
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   true
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   necessary
                   ,
                   when
                   no
                   better
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   chosen
                   shallow
                   ,
                   for
                   certainly
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Waterings
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   Inconsiderable
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   of
                   little
                   use
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Water
                   is
                   difficult
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   up
                   ;
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   Pumps
                   ,
                   though
                   often
                   deceitful
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   something
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   disburthening
                   of
                   some
                   Springs
                   or
                   Conduits
                   ,
                   a
                   Neighbouring
                   Canal
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   small
                   Pond
                   well
                   stor'd
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   kept
                   with
                   Pipes
                   and
                   Tubs
                   distributed
                   into
                   several
                   Squares
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   the
                   Soul
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ;
                   without
                   it
                   all
                   is
                   dead
                   ,
                   or
                   languishes
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   be
                   not
                   faulty
                   ;
                   but
                   with
                   it
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   abounding
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   redound
                   to
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   him
                   who
                   has
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   whereas
                   it
                   will
                   utterly
                   Disgrace
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   nothing
                   to
                   plead
                   for
                   an
                   Excuse
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Fourth
                     Condition
                     ,
                     which
                     requires
                     the
                     Garden
                     to
                     be
                     partly
                     upon
                     a
                     level
                     ,
                     in
                     all
                     the
                     Surface
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   very
                   difficult
                   ,
                   nay
                   very
                   rare
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   Situations
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   equal
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Extent
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   Rise
                   or
                   Fall
                   on
                   any
                   side
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   impossible
                   :
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   look
                   for
                   any
                   to
                   be
                   as
                   smooth
                   as
                   Water
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   happiness
                   when
                   such
                   are
                   met
                   with
                   ;
                   great
                   Inequalities
                   are
                   certainly
                   troublesom
                   for
                   Gardens
                   .
                   The
                   Inundations
                   or
                   Overflowings
                   which
                   happen
                   after
                   long
                   Rains
                   ,
                   cause
                   cruel
                   Disorders
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   cut
                   out
                   a
                   World
                   of
                   Work
                   to
                   repair
                   them
                   ;
                   moderate
                   Inequalities
                   do
                   no
                   great
                   harm
                   ,
                   but
                   rather
                   good
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   a
                   dry
                   Earth
                   ,
                   when
                   inclining
                   to
                   a
                   Wall
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   that
                   part
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   being
                   seldom
                   soak'd
                   by
                   the
                   Waters
                   that
                   fall
                   from
                   the
                   Skies
                   ;
                   they
                   light
                   most
                   upon
                   the
                   Exposure
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   a
                   fall
                   guiding
                   the
                   Waters
                   towards
                   that
                   East
                   part
                   ,
                   is
                   very
                   favourable
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   a
                   situation
                   that
                   has
                   but
                   a
                   little
                   Inequality
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   before
                   another
                   that
                   has
                   much
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   be
                   tolerable
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   only
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   speaking
                   of
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   Gardens
                   that
                   are
                   too
                   much
                   inclinable
                   to
                   Drought
                   ,
                   or
                   lie
                   somewhat
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   perfect
                   Level
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   allow
                   them
                   a
                   little
                   inequality
                   :
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   Imperceptible
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   perpetual
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Walks
                   that
                   lie
                   Southerly
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Water
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   Use
                   in
                   those
                   Walks
                   may
                   fall
                   into
                   the
                   Feet
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Expositions
                   .
                
                 
                   Such
                   an
                   Artificial
                   Descent
                   produces
                   two
                   good
                   Effects
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   in
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   that
                   those
                   parts
                   may
                   never
                   want
                   a
                   little
                   moisture
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Correct
                   their
                   Drought
                   ,
                   whether
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   and
                   Situation
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   by
                   those
                   Waters
                   .
                   The
                   second
                   is
                   to
                   hinder
                   those
                   Waters
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   from
                   running
                   into
                   some
                   other
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   might
                   prove
                   prejudicial
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   indispensable
                   Necessity
                   of
                   making
                   Use
                   of
                   a
                   Situation
                   that
                   is
                   very
                   unequal
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   .
                   I
                   explain
                   hereafter
                   in
                   the
                   Thirteenth
                   Chapter
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Correct
                   the
                   Defects
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   Industry
                   can
                   reach
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Fifth
                     Condition
                     ,
                     which
                     requires
                     a
                     pleasant
                     Figure
                     for
                     a
                     Garden
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     a
                     well
                     plac'd
                     Entrance
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   difficult
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   prove
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   agreeable
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   the
                   Eyes
                   should
                   meet
                   at
                   first
                   wherewith
                   to
                   be
                   satisfy'd
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   thing
                   Fantastical
                   to
                   offend
                   them
                   :
                   The
                   finest
                   Figure
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   desir'd
                   for
                   a
                   Fruit
                   or
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   most
                   convenient
                   for
                   Culture
                   ,
                   is
                   without
                   doubt
                   that
                   which
                   forms
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   Square
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   perfect
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   proportion'd
                   in
                   all
                   its
                   Extent
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Corners
                   may
                   form
                   streight
                   Angles
                   ;
                   but
                   especially
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Length
                   may
                   be
                   above
                   once
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   or
                   twice
                   as
                   long
                   again
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   broad
                   :
                   For
                   Instance
                   ,
                   Twenty
                   Fathom
                   to
                   Ten
                   or
                   Twelve
                   ,
                   Fourty
                   to
                   Eighteen
                   or
                   Twenty
                   ,
                   or
                   Fourscore
                   to
                   Forty
                   ,
                   Fifty
                   or
                   Threescore
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   square
                   Figures
                   afford
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   to
                   form
                   fine
                   Squares
                   with
                   Ease
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   raise
                   fine
                   Beds
                   ;
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Delight
                   in
                   seeing
                   true
                   Squares
                   of
                   
                     Stawberries
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   great
                   Beds
                   of
                   
                     Charvel
                     ,
                     Parsly
                  
                   and
                   Sorrel
                   ,
                   all
                   very
                   even
                   ,
                   streight
                   ,
                   exactly
                   proportion'd
                   out
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   done
                   when
                   the
                   Figure
                   is
                   Irregular
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   losing
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   some
                   Measure
                   ,
                   to
                   hide
                   the
                   Deformity
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   he
                   endeavours
                   to
                   find
                   or
                   make
                   something
                   approaching
                   to
                   a
                   Square
                   .
                
                 
                   Whence
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   conclude
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   I
                   dislike
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   all
                   other
                   Indented
                   Figures
                   ,
                   Diagonals
                   ,
                   Rounds
                   ,
                   Ovals
                   ,
                   Triangles
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   are
                   only
                   proper
                   for
                   Thickets
                   and
                   Parterres
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Flower
                     Gardens
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   Places
                   they
                   are
                   at
                   once
                   both
                   very
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   Beauty
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   question
                   but
                   all
                   People
                   will
                   be
                   Curious
                   to
                   afford
                   their
                   Gardens
                   the
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   now
                   in
                   Question
                   ,
                   when
                   at
                   Liberty
                   to
                   pick
                   and
                   chuse
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   Vexation
                   
                   when
                   an
                   ill
                   Neighbourhood
                   reduces
                   us
                   to
                   the
                   Necessity
                   of
                   suff'ring
                   imperfect
                   Figures
                   ,
                   Inlets
                   ,
                   and
                   unequal
                   sides
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Happy
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   meet
                   with
                   kind
                   obliging
                   Neighbours
                   ;
                   Wo
                   to
                   them
                   who
                   meet
                   with
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   cross
                   and
                   ill
                   natur'd
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Although
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   an
                   Oblong
                   Right
                   Angled
                   Square
                   ,
                   be
                   the
                   most
                   proper
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   a
                   fine
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   of
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   ten
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   sixty
                   broad
                   ,
                   somewhat
                   resembling
                   the
                   Figure
                   A
                   of
                   a
                   Lozenge
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   I
                   have
                   dispos'd
                   the
                   chief
                   Entrance
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   narrowest
                   side
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   easie
                   to
                   distinguish
                   the
                   small
                   Irregularity
                   a
                   Geometritian
                   would
                   sind
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   necessary
                   Precaution
                   to
                   conceal
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   certain
                   inconsiderable
                   defects
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   met
                   with
                   in
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   dispose
                   the
                   Ally's
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   division
                   of
                   the
                   Squares
                   or
                   Plats
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   Ground
                   was
                   exactly
                   of
                   a
                   Square
                   Figure
                   ;
                   for
                   though
                   neither
                   the
                   Angles
                   or
                   the
                   four
                   sides
                   are
                   perfectly
                   equal
                   ,
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   hinder
                   the
                   Plats
                   from
                   appearing
                   perfect
                   in
                   their
                   Proportion
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   Ornament
                   of
                   our
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   large
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   that
                   the
                   Entrance
                   should
                   be
                   plac'd
                   just
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   has
                   most
                   Extent
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   at
                   the
                   Point
                   A
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   face
                   an
                   Alley
                   ,
                   which
                   consisting
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   may
                   appear
                   stately
                   ,
                   and
                   divide
                   the
                   Ground
                   into
                   two
                   equal
                   parts
                   ;
                   each
                   of
                   those
                   parts
                   ,
                   composing
                   Squares
                   or
                   Plats
                   too
                   long
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   their
                   breadth
                   ,
                   must
                   afterwards
                   be
                   subdivided
                   into
                   other
                   small
                   parts
                   ,
                   if
                   necessary
                   ;
                   the
                   Entrance
                   would
                   not
                   look
                   so
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   broadest
                   sides
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   B.
                   a
                   long
                   Prospect
                   ,
                   moderately
                   broad
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   is
                   much
                   more
                   pleasing
                   ;
                   than
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   long
                   one
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   short
                   one
                   before
                   ;
                   however
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   sometimes
                   impossible
                   to
                   dispose
                   the
                   Entrance
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   Patience
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   necessitated
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Corners
                   ,
                   or
                   thereabouts
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   ;
                   yet
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   very
                   fine
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   their
                   Entrance
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Corners
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   done
                   ,
                   had
                   the
                   disposition
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   permitted
                   me
                   to
                   place
                   it
                   better
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   no
                   body
                   finds
                   fault
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   it
                   faces
                   a
                   fine
                   Alley
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   border'd
                   all
                   along
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   Walls
                   full
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   kept
                   in
                   good
                   Order
                   ,
                   such
                   is
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   of
                   Rambouillet
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     sixth
                     Condition
                     which
                     requires
                     a
                     Garden
                     to
                     be
                     well
                     enclos'd
                     with
                     Walls
                     and
                     Doors
                     that
                     shut
                     well
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THIS
                   Inclosure
                   ,
                   I
                   desire
                   ,
                   sufficiently
                   testifies
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   Fruit
                   and
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   very
                   desirous
                   of
                   those
                   open
                   Prospects
                   which
                   are
                   so
                   necessary
                   for
                   other
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   not
                   but
                   when
                   the
                   Situation
                   will
                   permit
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   very
                   glad
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   But
                   that
                   which
                   I
                   desire
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   my
                   Garden
                   may
                   be
                   secur'd
                   from
                   Foreign
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Domestick
                   Thieves
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Eye
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   delighted
                   in
                   surveying
                   all
                   the
                   things
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   no
                   room
                   left
                   to
                   wish
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   besides
                   to
                   divert
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Wall
                   well
                   garnish'd
                   ,
                   Dwarfs
                   well
                   order'd
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ;
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   fine
                   good
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   fine
                   Beds
                   ,
                   and
                   fine
                   Plats
                   ,
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   necessary
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   clean
                   Walks
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   proportionable
                   largeness
                   ,
                   fine
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   fill'd
                   with
                   useful
                   things
                   for
                   the
                   House
                   :
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   a
                   well
                   contriv'd
                   diversity
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   nothing
                   may
                   be
                   wanting
                   ,
                   either
                   early
                   or
                   late
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   Seasons
                   ;
                   these
                   indeed
                   are
                   the
                   things
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   covet
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   a
                   Steeple
                   ,
                   or
                   Wood
                   in
                   Perspective
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   Road
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   〈◊〉
                   R●v●r
                   .
                   In
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   Cloth
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   should
                   always
                   be
                   laid
                   in
                   a
                   fine
                   Garden
                   ,
                   without
                   mattering
                   to
                   see
                   what
                   passes
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Fields
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   might
                   have
                   the
                   finest
                   Prospect
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   appear
                   to
                   me
                   very
                   ugly
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   if
                   wanting
                   any
                   thing
                   of
                   what
                   it
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   finding
                   it
                   〈…〉
                   re
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   be
                   necessitated
                   to
                   go
                   without
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   my
                   Neighbours
                   ,
                   or
                   my
                   Purse
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   preferably
                   to
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Prospects
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   my
                   Garden
                   inclos'd
                   with
                   Walls
                   ,
                   though
                   I
                   were
                   to
                   lose
                   some
                   fine
                   point
                   of
                   Prospect
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   besides
                   that
                   the
                   shelter
                   they
                   may
                   afford
                   against
                   troublesome
                   Winds
                   ,
                   and
                   Spring
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   are
                   very
                   considerable
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   truly
                   delighted
                   with
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   early
                   Legumes
                   and
                   fine
                   Fruits
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   those
                   Walls
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   still
                   many
                   things
                   ,
                   which
                   dreading
                   great
                   heats
                   ,
                   would
                   hardly
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   hottest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   unless
                   a
                   Wall
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   favour'd
                   them
                   with
                   some
                   shadow
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   effect
                   ,
                   Walls
                   are
                   so
                   necessary
                   for
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   that
                   even
                   to
                   multiply
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   make
                   as
                   many
                   little
                   Gardens
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   whereby
                   I
                   have
                   not
                   only
                   more
                   Wall-Fruit
                   or
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   and
                   shelter
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   considerable
                   ;
                   but
                   am
                   also
                   thereby
                   enabled
                   to
                   correct
                   some
                   defects
                   and
                   Irregularities
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   render
                   the
                   Garden
                   desagreeable
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   at
                   any
                   rate
                   have
                   a
                   principal
                   Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   please
                   in
                   its
                   Figure
                   and
                   size
                   ,
                   design'd
                   for
                   large
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   high
                   Standards
                   ;
                   a
                   large
                   Garden
                   would
                   without
                   doubt
                   be
                   less
                   pleasing
                   ,
                   if
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   it
                   were
                   too
                   long
                   for
                   its
                   breadth
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   wide
                   for
                   its
                   length
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   a
                   corner
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   visible
                   wriness
                   to
                   disfigure
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   retrench'd
                   ,
                   would
                   make
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   square
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   such
                   Gardens
                   being
                   lessen'd
                   either
                   on
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   on
                   both
                   ends
                   ,
                   will
                   afford
                   ground
                   to
                   make
                   little
                   agreeable
                   useful
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   in
                   many
                   great
                   Houses
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Paris
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   the
                   Inclosure
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   likewise
                   for
                   having
                   good
                   Locks
                   to
                   my
                   Doors
                   ,
                   that
                   my
                   Gard'ner
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   answer
                   for
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   sensible
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   very
                   discreet
                   and
                   careful
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   I
                   likewise
                   know
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   others
                   who
                   desire
                   nothing
                   more
                   than
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   Pretences
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     last
                     Condition
                     ,
                     which
                     requires
                     that
                     both
                     the
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     ,
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     far
                     distant
                     from
                     the
                     House
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     the
                     coming
                     to
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     easie
                     and
                     convenient
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   that
                   the
                   Countrey
                   affords
                   large
                   and
                   moderate
                   Houses
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   may
                   be
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   several
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   one
                   only
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   As
                   to
                   those
                   which
                   may
                   have
                   several
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   design'd
                   for
                   Flowers
                   and
                   Shrubs
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   the
                   Parterres
                   ,
                   should
                   face
                   the
                   principal
                   Aspect
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   since
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   agreeable
                   than
                   to
                   see
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   the
                   charming
                   variety
                   of
                   a
                   Succession
                   of
                   Flowers
                   whatever
                   they
                   be
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   so
                   many
                   different
                   Scenes
                   ,
                   or
                   Decorations
                   upon
                   a
                   Stage
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Figure
                   never
                   alters
                   ,
                   they
                   afford
                   perpetual
                   matter
                   to
                   delight
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   charm
                   us
                   with
                   their
                   Sweets
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   generally
                   those
                   Parterres
                   are
                   as
                   publick
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   open
                   to
                   every
                   body
                   as
                   the
                   very
                   Court
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   fit
                   to
                   put
                   any
                   thing
                   into
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   loss
                   whereof
                   might
                   discompose
                   us
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   these
                   Reasons
                   I
                   allow
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   Houses
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   Situated
                   in
                   the
                   best
                   Place
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   last
                   being
                   subject
                   to
                   have
                   many
                   things
                   ,
                   which
                   though
                   necessary
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   always
                   pleasing
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   or
                   Smell
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   producing
                   many
                   things
                   ,
                   design'd
                   for
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   and
                   Satisfaction
                   of
                   the
                   Master
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   tempt
                   some
                   licourish
                   indiscreet
                   Persons
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   occasion
                   cause
                   of
                   Displeasure
                   and
                   Complaint
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   place
                   those
                   Gardens
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   reach
                   of
                   the
                   Publick
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   we
                   content
                   our selves
                   with
                   placing
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   best
                   Ground
                   we
                   can
                   meet
                   with
                   ,
                   without
                   prejudicing
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   the
                   Parterre
                   ,
                   pretty
                   near
                   to
                   
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   being
                   of
                   a
                   convenient
                   easie
                   Access
                   ;
                   the
                   Ancients
                   were
                   of
                   this
                   Sentiment
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Steps
                   of
                   the
                   Master
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   his
                   frequent
                   Visits
                   ,
                   were
                   of
                   wonderful
                   use
                   for
                   the
                   Neatness
                   ,
                   Abundance
                   ,
                   Goodness
                   and
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   Gardens
                   that
                   are
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   difficult
                   Access
                   ,
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   Filth
                   and
                   Sterility
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   hope
                   that
                   whereas
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   presum'd
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   none
                   ought
                   to
                   pretend
                   to
                   have
                   one
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   were
                   passably
                   well
                   skill'd
                   in
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   none
                   will
                   undertake
                   to
                   make
                   one
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   afford
                   himself
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   seeing
                   it
                   well
                   Cultivated
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   he
                   will
                   desire
                   to
                   see
                   it
                   often
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   the
                   Garden
                   being
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   a
                   difficult
                   Access
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Houses
                   ,
                   that
                   can
                   no
                   wise
                   afford
                   above
                   one
                   Garden
                   ,
                   I
                   suppose
                   it
                   will
                   hardly
                   enter
                   into
                   any
                   ones
                   Thoughts
                   to
                   employ
                   it
                   wholly
                   in
                   Box
                   or
                   Bowling-Greens
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   Imploying
                   it
                   in
                   Fruits
                   and
                   Legumes
                   :
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   whether
                   in
                   the
                   Town
                   or
                   Country
                   ,
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   being
                   reasonably
                   large
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   take
                   part
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   nearest
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   small
                   Parterre
                   ,
                   leaving
                   the
                   rest
                   for
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   use
                   and
                   necessary
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   Place
                   be
                   not
                   large
                   ,
                   my
                   Advice
                   is
                   to
                   make
                   no
                   Parterre
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   I
                   would
                   make
                   none
                   ,
                   being
                   persuaded
                   ,
                   that
                   Flowers
                   may
                   be
                   easily
                   dispens'd
                   with
                   ;
                   resolving
                   then
                   to
                   employ
                   ones
                   Ground
                   in
                   Plants
                   that
                   are
                   for
                   use
                   ;
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   pleasing
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   most
                   within
                   sight
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   keeping
                   such
                   as
                   might
                   offend
                   the
                   Sight
                   or
                   Smell
                   ,
                   most
                   at
                   distance
                   :
                   
                     Fine
                     Espaliers
                     ,
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     Greens
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Sallads
                  
                   and
                   the
                   perpetual
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Gard'ners
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   being
                   sufficient
                   to
                   employ
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   some
                   Windows
                   ,
                   even
                   for
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   Houses
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   ordinary
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   so
                   sensible
                   of
                   the
                   innocent
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   a
                   fine
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   can
                   afford
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   making
                   some
                   fine
                   Arbor
                   in
                   all
                   large
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   shelter
                   in
                   case
                   of
                   a
                   sudden
                   Storm
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   for
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   of
                   conveniently
                   seeing
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   a
                   Ground
                   that
                   is
                   well
                   employ'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Notwithstanding
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   condemn
                   those
                   ,
                   who
                   having
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   small
                   Garden
                   ,
                   affect
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   their
                   Inclination
                   leading
                   them
                   to
                   it
                   preferably
                   to
                   any
                   other
                   Plants
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   said
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ,
                   when
                   People
                   are
                   at
                   liberty
                   to
                   choose
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   consider
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   when
                   within
                   the
                   Dependency
                   of
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   our selves
                   reduc'd
                   and
                   necessitated
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   any
                   Place
                   ,
                   whatever
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   regular
                   or
                   irregular
                   ,
                   good
                   ,
                   indifferent
                   or
                   bad
                   ;
                   and
                   let
                   us
                   follow
                   the
                   same
                   Order
                   we
                   have
                   observ'd
                   in
                   the
                   pretended
                   choice
                   I
                   have
                   explain'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     what
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     to
                     correct
                     a
                     Defective
                     Ground
                     ,
                     either
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Quality
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     Lack
                     of
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Quantity
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WHereas
                   the
                   most
                   material
                   Article
                   for
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   is
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   ,
                   if
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   Ground
                   where
                   this
                   Garden
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   situated
                   should
                   have
                   some
                   considerable
                   Defect
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   corrected
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   should
                   be
                   blame-worthy
                   to
                   go
                   on
                   without
                   explaining
                   my self
                   upon
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ;
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Defects
                   may
                   be
                   reduc'd
                   particularly
                   to
                   Five
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     First
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     bad
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Second
                     ,
                     an
                     indifferent
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Third
                     ,
                     a
                     pretty
                     good
                     Earth
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     enough
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fourth
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     no
                     Earth
                     at
                     all
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fifth
                     and
                     Last
                     ,
                     That
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     good
                     ,
                     the
                     too
                     great
                     Moisture
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     subject
                     to
                     ,
                     may
                     render
                     it
                     incapable
                     of
                     Improvment
                     by
                     the
                     Culture
                     of
                     a
                     Skilful
                     Gard'ner
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   pitying
                   those
                   who
                   start
                   so
                   Ill
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Garden
                   in
                   a
                   place
                   where
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   absolutely
                   defective
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   there
                   were
                   any
                   possibility
                   of
                   placing
                   it
                   better
                   .
                   First
                   ,
                   I
                   pity
                   them
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   charge
                   they
                   expose
                   themselves
                   to
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   dread
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   being
                   perswaded
                   that
                   the
                   property
                   of
                   those
                   Gardens
                   is
                   to
                   cost
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   yield
                   much
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   I
                   pity
                   them
                   for
                   the
                   small
                   Success
                   ,
                   that
                   infallibly
                   attends
                   such
                   an
                   undertaking
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   those
                   Works
                   that
                   are
                   necessary
                   there
                   ,
                   are
                   only
                   perform'd
                   by
                   halves
                   :
                   I
                   wish
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   may
                   be
                   expos'd
                   to
                   such
                   Hardships
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   supposing
                   an
                   unavoidable
                   Necessity
                   of
                   falling
                   into
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Garden
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   bad
                   Ground
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   consider
                   what
                   remedy
                   may
                   be
                   apply'd
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   finally
                   endeavour
                   to
                   make
                   this
                   Garden
                   with
                   as
                   few
                   Defects
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   small
                   a
                   Charge
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   possible
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   then
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   absolutely
                   defective
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   stinking
                   or
                   being
                   absolute
                   Loam
                   or
                   Clay
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   is
                   dug
                   out
                   of
                   Quarries
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   Stony
                   ,
                   Gravelly
                   and
                   full
                   of
                   Pebbles
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   lastly
                   ,
                   being
                   only
                   dry
                   Sand
                   of
                   any
                   Colour
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   as
                   unfruitful
                   as
                   the
                   Sand
                   of
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   as
                   high
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   desir'd
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   .
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   hereafter
                   what
                   I
                   mean
                   by
                   that
                   height
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   if
                   this
                   Earth
                   happen
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   Defects
                   ,
                   I
                   know
                   no
                   better
                   Expedient
                   than
                   to
                   have
                   it
                   altogether
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   succeed
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   within
                   the
                   Depth
                   of
                   three
                   Foot
                   in
                   such
                   Places
                   as
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   chief
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Gardens
                     ;
                     viz.
                  
                   the
                   Trees
                   and
                   long
                   Rooted
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   large
                   Foot
                   where
                   the
                   lesser
                   Plants
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   filling
                   it
                   up
                   again
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   quantity
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Mould
                   that
                   can
                   conveniently
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   one
                   may
                   rest
                   satisfy'd
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   while
                   ,
                   all
                   will
                   go
                   well
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   trouble
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   Amendments
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   case
                   so
                   much
                   good
                   Mould
                   as
                   would
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   put
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   could
                   not
                   conveniently
                   be
                   had
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   get
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   may
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   making
                   a
                   shift
                   with
                   indifferent
                   good
                   Mould
                   for
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   difficult
                   to
                   amend
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   declar'd
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   sensible
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Charge
                   of
                   great
                   Transportations
                   ,
                   frightens
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   case
                   of
                   large
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   seldom
                   that
                   People
                   engage
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   Necessity
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   those
                   are
                   works
                   for
                   Kings
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   of
                   Versailles
                   is
                   a
                   terrible
                   Instance
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   small
                   City
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   the
                   occasions
                   of
                   doing
                   it
                   are
                   often
                   met
                   with
                   ,
                   and
                   whereas
                   the
                   Expence
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   too
                   great
                   ,
                   the
                   Undertaking
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   tollerable
                   .
                   This
                   then
                   is
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   is
                   no
                   higher
                   than
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   no
                   other
                   Defect
                   than
                   the
                   ill
                   Quality
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   Explain
                   my self
                   as
                   to
                   this
                   height
                   ,
                   I
                   suppose
                   that
                   the
                   Matter
                   in
                   Hand
                   only
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Garden
                   that
                   is
                   immediately
                   next
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   wise
                   for
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   Lying
                   at
                   a
                   greater
                   distance
                   do
                   not
                   want
                   so
                   much
                   precaution
                   ;
                   now
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   this
                   first
                   Garden
                   ought
                   to
                   lie
                   somewhat
                   lower
                   than
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   House
                   being
                   upon
                   a
                   higher
                   Ground
                   ,
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Ballustre
                   with
                   some
                   Steps
                   to
                   come
                   down
                   into
                   that
                   Garden
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   Ornament
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   in
                   such
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   doubt
                   such
                   an
                   assent
                   of
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   Foot
                   above
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   renders
                   it
                   much
                   more
                   pleasant
                   to
                   Sight
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   lay
                   level
                   with
                   the
                   step
                   of
                   the
                   Door
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   much
                   finer
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   lay
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   level
                   or
                   floor
                   ;
                   which
                   require
                   an
                   assent
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   thereby
                   liable
                   to
                   great
                   Inconveniences
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   return
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   Cases
                   heretofore
                   propos'd
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   case
                   such
                   a
                   Place
                   full
                   of
                   ill
                   Earth
                   ,
                   were
                   too
                   low
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   Five
                   or
                   Six
                   Foot
                   in
                   Surface
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   visible
                   that
                   half
                   the
                   Expence
                   would
                   be
                   sav'd
                   ,
                   since
                   there
                   would
                   only
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   raising
                   it
                   higher
                   ,
                   without
                   taking
                   any
                   of
                   it
                   away
                   ;
                   but
                   however
                   we
                   must
                   still
                   reckon
                   first
                   on
                   the
                   small
                   descent
                   the
                   Garden
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   situated
                   upon
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   House
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   secondly
                   upon
                   the
                   Three
                   Foot
                   of
                   Earth
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   brought
                   thither
                   ,
                   particularly
                   for
                   the
                   Trees
                   and
                   large
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   order
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   mistaken
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   measure
                   that
                   Earth
                   upon
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   with
                   a
                   rul'd
                   Gage
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   this
                   height
                   of
                   Three
                   Foot
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   lies
                   ,
                   being
                   newly
                   stir'd
                   ,
                   will
                   at
                   first
                   appear
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   greater
                   Dimension
                   ,
                   which
                   afterwards
                   being
                   settled
                   will
                   reduce
                   it self
                   to
                   the
                   height
                   propos'd
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   hold
                   to
                   be
                   absolutely
                   neccssary
                   ,
                   and
                   unless
                   care
                   has
                   been
                   taken
                   to
                   measure
                   the
                   Earth
                   before
                   the
                   moving
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   People
                   must
                   not
                   flatter
                   themselves
                   that
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   enough
                   ,
                   unless
                   there
                   be
                   Four
                   Foot
                   or
                   thereabouts
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Months
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Rains
                   and
                   Time
                   will
                   soon
                   reduce
                   to
                   Three
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   having
                   had
                   but
                   Three
                   Foot
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   soon
                   find
                   it
                   dwindled
                   to
                   Two
                   at
                   most
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   too
                   little
                   by
                   a
                   Foot
                   :
                   And
                   thus
                   People
                   will
                   be
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Vexationof
                   seeing
                   all
                   their
                   Trees
                   perish
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   a
                   few
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   begin
                   a
                   new
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   continu'd
                   in
                   the
                   mind
                   of
                   mkaing
                   their
                   Trees
                   succeed
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   great
                   Cities
                   ,
                   great
                   Conveniences
                   may
                   sometimes
                   be
                   met
                   with
                   to
                   raise
                   and
                   fill
                   up
                   places
                   in
                   Gardens
                   without
                   much
                   cost
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   only
                   allowing
                   the
                   Liberty
                   of
                   throwing
                   the
                   Rubbish
                   of
                   the
                   Foundations
                   of
                   Houses
                   there
                   ;
                   but
                   often
                   such
                   Conveniences
                   cost
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Planting
                   is
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   costs
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Money
                   to
                   have
                   it
                   sifted
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Garden
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   having
                   more
                   Stones
                   and
                   ill
                   Sand
                   than
                   real
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Owner
                   of
                   having
                   an
                   ill
                   Garden
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   every
                   one
                   may
                   consult
                   his
                   Purse
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   and
                   regulate
                   himself
                   accordingly
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Answer
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Article
                   ,
                   relating
                   to
                   a
                   very
                   ill
                   Earth
                   ,
                   where
                   a
                   Garden
                   is
                   design'd
                   ,
                   may
                   likewise
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Fourth
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   suppose
                   a
                   place
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   without
                   any
                   Earth
                   at
                   all
                   ;
                   Three
                   Foot
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   must
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   getting
                   it
                   as
                   near
                   hand
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   to
                   save
                   Money
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Ground
                   having
                   a
                   sufficient
                   depth
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   notwithstanding
                   but
                   Indifferent
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   either
                   a
                   little
                   too
                   dry
                   and
                   light
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   too
                   tough
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   two
                   common
                   Defects
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   cause
                   to
                   judge
                   it
                   too
                   much
                   ●orn
                   or
                   exhausted
                   :
                   In
                   such
                   cases
                   ,
                   immediate
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   mend
                   it
                   ,
                   supposing
                   one
                   designs
                   to
                   have
                   such
                   Things
                   in
                   it
                   as
                   good
                   Earth
                   produces
                   ;
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   Remedies
                   is
                   still
                   to
                   mix
                   some
                   new
                   Earth
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   precaution
                   ,
                   to
                   mix
                   loamy
                   Earth
                   with
                   that
                   as
                   is
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   sandy
                   Mould
                   with
                   that
                   as
                   is
                   tough
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   such
                   as
                   is
                   really
                   good
                   ,
                   to
                   mix
                   with
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   worn
                   out
                   or
                   exhausted
                   ,
                   unless
                   you
                   design
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   time
                   to
                   amend
                   it self
                   by
                   Rest
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   case
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Article
                   ,
                   there
                   be
                   no
                   sufficient
                   convenience
                   to
                   get
                   Mould
                   enough
                   for
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   place
                   for
                   the
                   Trees
                   which
                   requires
                   it
                   most
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   recourse
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   to
                   the
                   common
                   Amendments
                   for
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   When
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   really
                   good
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   accomplish
                   Three
                   Foot
                   depth
                   ,
                   two
                   Considerations
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   to
                   examine
                   whether
                   the
                   Surface
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   proper
                   height
                   or
                   not
                   :
                   When
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   proper
                   height
                   ,
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   nought
                   in
                   the
                   Ground
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   removed
                   ,
                   whether
                   Sand
                   ,
                   Gravel
                   or
                   Stones
                   ,
                   putting
                   as
                   much
                   good
                   Mould
                   in
                   the
                   Room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   depth
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   still
                   preserving
                   our
                   Height
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   the
                   same
                   Operation
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   in
                   removing
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   bad
                   under
                   good
                   Earth
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Surface
                   being
                   ,
                   too
                   high
                   compar'd
                   to
                   the
                   level
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   sinking
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   one
                   step
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   level
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   all
                   People
                   may
                   easily
                   regulate
                   themselves
                   ,
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Exigencies
                   of
                   their
                   Ground
                   and
                   its
                   wants
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   ,
                   keeping
                   to
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   propos'd
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   distance
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   from
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   to
                   the
                   Door
                   which
                   serves
                   for
                   an
                   Entrance
                   into
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Earth
                   being
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   Wishes
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   quantity
                   and
                   goodness
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   too
                   low
                   in
                   the
                   Surface
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   likewise
                   examin
                   how
                   much
                   too
                   low
                   it
                   lyes
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   raise
                   it
                   conformably
                   to
                   our
                   Wants
                   and
                   Wishes
                   ;
                   it
                   might
                   chance
                   to
                   lay
                   so
                   low
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   to
                   raise
                   it
                   considerably
                   above
                   three
                   Foot
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Earth
                   must
                   be
                   dug
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   aside
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   bottom
                   rais'd
                   sufficiently
                   with
                   what
                   ever
                   could
                   be
                   got
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   the
                   good
                   Earth
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   over
                   it
                   again
                   with
                   the
                   management
                   and
                   mixture
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   .
                   I
                   could
                   wish
                   I
                   had
                   better
                   Expedients
                   to
                   propose
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   Charges
                   of
                   Transportation
                   ;
                   but
                   truly
                   I
                   know
                   none
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   There
                   now
                   remains
                   to
                   Examine
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   fifth
                   Case
                   ,
                   to
                   correct
                   the
                   over
                   great
                   Moistures
                   some
                   Gardens
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   ,
                   which
                   rot
                   every
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   the
                   Production
                   not
                   only
                   backward
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   insipid
                   and
                   bad
                   ;
                   none
                   but
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   Earths
                   are
                   forward
                   ;
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   moist
                   are
                   always
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   have
                   no
                   disposition
                   for
                   
                   Novelties
                   .
                   This
                   cold
                   which
                   is
                   inseparable
                   from
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   is
                   of
                   all
                   defects
                   the
                   most
                   difficult
                   to
                   be
                   cur'd
                   :
                   The
                   Ancients
                   knew
                   it
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   we
                   do
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   given
                   it
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Deceiver
                   .
                   But
                   still
                   since
                   Earth
                   has
                   been
                   submitted
                   to
                   the
                   Industry
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   but
                   few
                   things
                   labour
                   cannot
                   overcome
                   ;
                   let
                   us
                   declare
                   what
                   a
                   long
                   Experience
                   has
                   taught
                   us
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   .
                
                 
                   Moistures
                   are
                   either
                   natural
                   and
                   perpetual
                   in
                   Earth
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   accidental
                   and
                   passing
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   case
                   we
                   have
                   two
                   Expedients
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   turn
                   aside
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   by
                   Conduits
                   or
                   Gutters
                   ,
                   the
                   Waters
                   that
                   annoy
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   discharge
                   to
                   remove
                   them
                   from
                   us
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   will
                   not
                   fail
                   becoming
                   dry
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   impracticable
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   is
                   ,
                   To
                   raise
                   the
                   whole
                   Plats
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   the
                   great
                   Beds
                   upon
                   Ridges
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   make
                   deep
                   Furrows
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   kind
                   of
                   Paths
                   :
                   The
                   Earth
                   that
                   is
                   taken
                   from
                   thence
                   will
                   serve
                   to
                   raise
                   the
                   Plats
                   or
                   Beds
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   those
                   Moistures
                   are
                   only
                   Transitory
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   only
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   great
                   Rains
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   not
                   proper
                   to
                   soak
                   them
                   in
                   ,
                   recourse
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Expedient
                   of
                   raising
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   drain
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Conduits
                   or
                   Gutters
                   to
                   carry
                   those
                   Waters
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   Finally
                   ,
                   The
                   Moisture
                   not
                   being
                   extraordinary
                   ,
                   the
                   contrary
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   prescrib'd
                   for
                   very
                   dry
                   Grounds
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   must
                   be
                   rais'd
                   a
                   little
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   those
                   Walks
                   may
                   serve
                   as
                   a
                   drain
                   to
                   those
                   elevated
                   Beds
                   ,
                   just
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   Case
                   the
                   haughing
                   of
                   the
                   Borders
                   serves
                   as
                   a
                   drain
                   to
                   receive
                   and
                   improve
                   by
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Walks
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   raise
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   better
                   than
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   to
                   raise
                   the
                   Surface
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   case
                   Conveniences
                   be
                   wanting
                   for
                   the
                   Transportation
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   having
                   abundance
                   of
                   great
                   Dung
                   at
                   hand
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   us'd
                   instead
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   about
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   of
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   mixing
                   it
                   abundantly
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   underneath
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   raise
                   it
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   necessary
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   great
                   Conduits
                   are
                   of
                   great
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   conclude
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Preparation
                   of
                   such
                   Grounds
                   as
                   are
                   defective
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   their
                   quality
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   small
                   quantity
                   ,
                   carefully
                   exhorting
                   those
                   who
                   dig
                   the
                   Ground
                   along
                   some
                   Walls
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   first
                   not
                   to
                   approach
                   too
                   near
                   the
                   Foundations
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   leave
                   always
                   some
                   solid
                   Banck
                   undug
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   Wall
                   might
                   tumble
                   down
                   by
                   its
                   own
                   weight
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   some
                   unexpected
                   showers
                   .
                   I
                   exhort
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   such
                   Trenches
                   immediately
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   empty'd
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   one
                   part
                   after
                   another
                   ;
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   the
                   danger
                   of
                   tumbling
                   is
                   yet
                   greater
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   examin'd
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Conditions
                   that
                   are
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   viz.
                   The
                   quality
                   and
                   quantity
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   happy
                   Situation
                   ,
                   and
                   favourable
                   Exposure
                   ,
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   the
                   level
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   Entrance
                   and
                   Closure
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Proximity
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ;
                   having
                   also
                   propos'd
                   the
                   means
                   to
                   correct
                   the
                   defects
                   of
                   Drought
                   and
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   there
                   still
                   remains
                   to
                   speak
                   upon
                   the
                   Subject
                   of
                   the
                   Acclivities
                   and
                   Declivities
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   sleep
                   for
                   the
                   Gardens
                   we
                   are
                   absolutely
                   compell'd
                   to
                   choose
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Acclivities
                     and
                     Declivities
                     of
                     every
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WE
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   certain
                   Inequalities
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   favourable
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   Insinuated
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   from
                   the
                   Inconveniences
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   ones
                   ;
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   speak
                   of
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   remedy
                   such
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   corrected
                   ;
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   is
                   resolv'd
                   on
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Considerations
                   heretofore
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   being
                   either
                   very
                   square
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Sides
                   and
                   Angles
                   may
                   be
                   altogether
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   partly
                   Equal
                   and
                   Parallel
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   Irregular
                   ,
                   the
                   Angles
                   or
                   Sides
                   being
                   unequal
                   ,
                   or
                   having
                   perhaps
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   than
                   four
                   Sides
                   or
                   Angles
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   differing
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   length
                   or
                   overture
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   Defects
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   avoided
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   endeavours
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   rectifie
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   being
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   resolv'd
                   upon
                   ,
                   either
                   Voluntarily
                   or
                   out
                   of
                   Necessity
                   ,
                   the
                   Enclosure
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   begun
                   ,
                   until
                   after
                   having
                   taken
                   the
                   Level
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   all
                   the
                   Acclivities
                   and
                   Declivities
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   take
                   Measures
                   accordingly
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   one
                   might
                   fall
                   into
                   many
                   great
                   Inconveniences
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Allies
                   and
                   Squares
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ;
                   that
                   every
                   piece
                   of
                   Ground
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   have
                   different
                   Risings
                   and
                   Falls
                   ,
                   viz.
                   One
                   ,
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   for
                   as
                   many
                   sides
                   ;
                   and
                   One
                   for
                   every
                   Diagonal
                   :
                   And
                   't
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   true
                   Level
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   first
                   taken
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   regulated
                   all
                   the
                   Inequalities
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Diagonals
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   more
                   Intelligibly
                   in
                   Favour
                   of
                   some
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Arms
                   of
                   a
                   St.
                   
                   Andrew's
                   Cross
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   figur'd
                   by
                   Trenches
                   carried
                   from
                   Corner
                   to
                   Corner
                   a
                   cross
                   some
                   Place
                   .
                
                 
                 
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   take
                   every
                   Level
                   very
                   true
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   upon
                   a
                   very
                   streight
                   Line
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   drawn
                   either
                   along
                   the
                   side
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   level'd
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   ;
                   or
                   upon
                   another
                   Line
                   very
                   Parallel
                   to
                   that
                   side
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   performing
                   this
                   Operation
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   might
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   save
                   my self
                   the
                   trouble
                   of
                   Explaining
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   already
                   Explain'd
                   in
                   so
                   many
                   Books
                   of
                   Mathematicks
                   and
                   Mechanicks
                   ;
                   but
                   our
                   Gard'ner
                   perhaps
                   having
                   none
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   what
                   I
                   shall
                   tell
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   the
                   Leveller
                   and
                   the
                   Rule
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   streight
                   ,
                   and
                   about
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   Fathom
                   long
                   ,
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   three
                   wooden
                   Spikes
                   to
                   be
                   driven
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   with
                   a
                   Mallet
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   three
                   Spikes
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   even
                   equal
                   length
                   ,
                   about
                   Three
                   or
                   Four
                   Foot
                   ,
                   all
                   split
                   on
                   the
                   Top
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   put
                   white
                   Paper
                   in
                   that
                   slit
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   should
                   not
                   need
                   to
                   say
                   (
                   it
                   being
                   evident
                   of
                   it self
                   )
                   That
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   Three
                   or
                   Four
                   Persons
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Three
                   while
                   the
                   Rule
                   and
                   Leveller
                   are
                   us'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Four
                   when
                   it
                   comes
                   to
                   the
                   Spikes
                   ;
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   Persons
                   must
                   in
                   all
                   Cases
                   stand
                   on
                   the
                   lowest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   side
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Levell'd
                   ,
                   holding
                   a
                   Perch
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   a
                   Mark
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   raise
                   or
                   louer
                   the
                   said
                   Perch
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Direction
                   of
                   him
                   who
                   is
                   to
                   regulate
                   the
                   Line
                   and
                   Leveller
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   find
                   the
                   Level
                   :
                   Having
                   chosen
                   a
                   calm
                   Day
                   without
                   Wind
                   and
                   Rain
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   lou'ring
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   great
                   brightness
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   may
                   not
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Sight
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   Spikes
                   must
                   be
                   driven
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   remain
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   in
                   a
                   streight
                   Line
                   a
                   little
                   below
                   it
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   Rule
                   immediately
                   and
                   conveniently
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   the
                   Leveller
                   must
                   be
                   put
                   upon
                   the
                   Rule
                   ,
                   raising
                   or
                   sinking
                   the
                   second
                   Spike
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Lead
                   falls
                   directly
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   it self
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   into
                   the
                   Notches
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   Spike
                   must
                   be
                   absolutely
                   fix'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Leveller
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   lying
                   flat
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   one
                   may
                   aim
                   or
                   level
                   with
                   the
                   Eye
                   upon
                   the
                   Rule
                   so
                   fix'd
                   and
                   order'd
                   towards
                   the
                   Person
                   who
                   holds
                   the
                   Perch
                   below
                   with
                   a
                   white
                   or
                   black
                   Cloth
                   on
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   who
                   perhaps
                   may
                   have
                   had
                   occasion
                   to
                   climb
                   upon
                   a
                   Ladder
                   ,
                   Wall
                   or
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   raise
                   or
                   louer
                   the
                   said
                   Perch
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   direction
                   of
                   the
                   Leveller
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   until
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   observ'd
                   by
                   the
                   said
                   Leveller
                   ,
                   a
                   Calculation
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   exactly
                   how
                   many
                   Foot
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   there
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   direct
                   Perpendicular
                   Line
                   from
                   that
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   the
                   Perch
                   or
                   Spike
                   ,
                   unto
                   the
                   natural
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   lies
                   immediately
                   beneath
                   the
                   said
                   Perch
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   the
                   posture
                   of
                   lying
                   down
                   is
                   too
                   Inconvenient
                   ;
                   the
                   Ground
                   may
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   dug
                   near
                   the
                   first
                   Spike
                   that
                   is
                   driven
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   low
                   enough
                   for
                   any
                   one
                   to
                   level
                   with
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   standing
                   ,
                   sitting
                   or
                   kneeling
                   in
                   it
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   use
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   Spikes
                   heretofore
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   plac'd
                   asunder
                   upon
                   two
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   fix'd
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   some
                   other
                   piece
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   rising
                   Ground
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   very
                   upright
                   ,
                   after
                   which
                   the
                   Rule
                   must
                   be
                   plac'd
                   upon
                   the
                   said
                   sticks
                   ,
                   examining
                   with
                   the
                   Leveller
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   Rule
                   lies
                   
                   upon
                   a
                   true
                   level
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   level
                   or
                   aim
                   with
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   occasion
                   for
                   a
                   third
                   person
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   for
                   a
                   third
                   stick
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   plac'd
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Exactness
                   as
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   ;
                   the
                   third
                   being
                   plac'd
                   at
                   any
                   distance
                   whatever
                   ,
                   having
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Linen
                   ,
                   or
                   Paper
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Hat
                   upon
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   that
                   spike
                   ,
                   serves
                   to
                   aim
                   more
                   conveniently
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   met
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   prospect
                   ,
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   perch
                   or
                   stick
                   that
                   is
                   held
                   below
                   ,
                   the
                   borrow'd
                   height
                   of
                   the
                   sticks
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   the
                   Rule
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   deduc'd
                   upon
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   Level
                   will
                   prove
                   true
                   .
                   For
                   Instance
                   ,
                   in
                   aiming
                   ,
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   from
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Perch
                   to
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   deduc'd
                   first
                   the
                   four
                   borrow'd
                   Foot
                   of
                   the
                   sticks
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Leveller
                   had
                   laid
                   his
                   Rule
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   must
                   also
                   be
                   deduc'd
                   Three
                   or
                   Four
                   Inches
                   ,
                   which
                   altogether
                   amounts
                   to
                   Four
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   Four
                   Inches
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   Supputation
                   will
                   be
                   found
                   seven
                   Foot
                   and
                   Eight
                   Inches
                   declivity
                   from
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Surface
                   which
                   is
                   regulated
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   remain
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   the
                   Leveller
                   aim'd
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   last
                   spike
                   stuck
                   ,
                   the
                   level
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   look'd
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   Inequalities
                   are
                   either
                   Considerable
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   are
                   Inconsiderable
                   are
                   tolerable
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   only
                   half
                   an
                   Inch
                   or
                   an
                   Inch
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   in
                   a
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   which
                   hardly
                   wants
                   ,
                   being
                   corrected
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Expence
                   will
                   amount
                   to
                   any
                   thing
                   considerable
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   a
                   declivity
                   of
                   about
                   a
                   Foot
                   or
                   Two
                   ,
                   or
                   Two
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   to
                   a
                   length
                   of
                   Twenty
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   will
                   do
                   no
                   great
                   harm
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   hardly
                   be
                   perceptible
                   ,
                   being
                   only
                   of
                   half
                   an
                   Inch
                   ,
                   or
                   an
                   Inch
                   and
                   half
                   in
                   a
                   Fathom
                   :
                   Which
                   ought
                   to
                   comfort
                   one
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   length
                   ,
                   since
                   a
                   declivity
                   of
                   Twelve
                   or
                   Fifteen
                   Foot
                   upon
                   Fourscore
                   Fathom
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   though
                   pernicious
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   sensible
                   nor
                   inconvenient
                   as
                   one
                   of
                   Two
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   upon
                   Twenty
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   although
                   the
                   proportion
                   be
                   altogether
                   equal
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   a
                   descent
                   of
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   Inches
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   per
                   Fathom
                   is
                   considerable
                   ,
                   what
                   would
                   it
                   be
                   if
                   there
                   were
                   three
                   ,
                   four
                   ,
                   five
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   then
                   it
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   corrected
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   four
                   ways
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   in
                   sinking
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   which
                   lyes
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   roughness
                   of
                   the
                   Ascent
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   carrying
                   to
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   what
                   shall
                   be
                   taken
                   from
                   the
                   higher
                   ,
                   whereby
                   a
                   descent
                   of
                   five
                   Foot
                   will
                   be
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   three
                   ,
                   taking
                   a
                   foot
                   from
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   placing
                   it
                   upon
                   the
                   lower
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   upper
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   Foot
                   lower
                   than
                   it
                   was
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   lower
                   a
                   Foot
                   higher
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   whereas
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   preserve
                   always
                   three
                   large
                   Foot
                   in
                   depth
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   ,
                   before
                   any
                   thing
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   from
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   ,
                   holes
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   in
                   different
                   places
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   examin
                   how
                   much
                   good
                   Earth
                   we
                   have
                   there
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   decide
                   ,
                   whether
                   we
                   may
                   really
                   take
                   any
                   of
                   it
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   much
                   ;
                   or
                   whether
                   we
                   cannot
                   take
                   any
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   without
                   prejudice
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   resolve
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   depth
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   being
                   sufficient
                   to
                   bear
                   a
                   diminution
                   ,
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   to
                   moderate
                   the
                   declivity
                   in
                   question
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   without
                   prejudice
                   to
                   the
                   depth
                   or
                   quantity
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   there
                   ,
                   recourse
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   to
                   a
                   third
                   Expedient
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   either
                   not
                   to
                   meddle
                   with
                   the
                   height
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   raise
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   we
                   can
                   for
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   in
                   putting
                   more
                   good
                   Earth
                   over
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   good
                   already
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   conveniently
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   take
                   up
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   good
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   worse
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   nay
                   even
                   Stones
                   or
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   if
                   nothing
                   better
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   covering
                   it
                   all
                   again
                   with
                   the
                   good
                   Earth
                   that
                   was
                   taken
                   up
                   before
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   the
                   Ground
                   of
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   may
                   be
                   sunk
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Earth
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   up
                   and
                   laid
                   aside
                   ,
                   until
                   so
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   bad
                   ,
                   which
                   lay
                   under
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   thought
                   proper
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   remov'd
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   good
                   shall
                   be
                   laid
                   again
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   the
                   bad
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   in
                   case
                   none
                   of
                   these
                   three
                   Expedients
                   be
                   practicable
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   fourth
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   pretty
                   chargeable
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   who
                   meets
                   with
                   so
                   untoward
                   a
                   Situation
                   ,
                   must
                   comfort
                   himself
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   he
                   can
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   designs
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   profitable
                   pleasant
                   Garden
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   to
                   compass
                   it
                   by
                   any
                   other
                   means
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   fourth
                   Expedient
                   is
                   to
                   divide
                   this
                   great
                   descent
                   into
                   different
                   degrees
                   ,
                   or
                   different
                   Portions
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   several
                   particular
                   Terrasses
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   some
                   higher
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   lower
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   broad
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   declivity
                   is
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   considerable
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Terrasses
                   shall
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Method
                   aforementioned
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   correct
                   moderate
                   Inequalities
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   all
                   ,
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Terrasses
                   must
                   be
                   supported
                   and
                   stay'd
                   to
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   tumbling
                   down
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   little
                   Walls
                   ,
                   or
                   small
                   Banks
                   well
                   beaten
                   and
                   trampled
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   steps
                   proper
                   to
                   descend
                   from
                   the
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   by
                   some
                   Banks
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   sodded
                   on
                   purpose
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   the
                   more
                   solid
                   and
                   lasting
                   ;
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   
                   so
                   many
                   separate
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   Walks
                   of
                   a
                   breadth
                   proportion'd
                   to
                   their
                   length
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   shall
                   declare
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   end
                   this
                   matter
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   only
                   to
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   little
                   Walls
                   may
                   serve
                   for
                   very
                   good
                   Wall-Fruit
                   ,
                   the
                   Exposure
                   being
                   good
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   for
                   
                     Rasberry-bushes
                     ,
                     Goosberry
                     Shrubs
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Bourdelais
                   ,
                   the
                   Exposure
                   standing
                   Northward
                   ;
                   the
                   small
                   Banks
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   useless
                   neither
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   lying
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   or
                   East
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   useful
                   for
                   Spring
                   Plants
                   ,
                   as
                   Winter
                   
                     Lettuce
                     ,
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   and
                   after
                   the
                   Spring
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   us'd
                   for
                   
                     Purcelane
                     ,
                     Basil
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   abundance
                   of
                   those
                   Banks
                   well
                   expos'd
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   always
                   be
                   employ'd
                   in
                   good
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   King's
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   on
                   certain
                   Banks
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   our
                   Banks
                   look
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   good
                   all
                   the
                   Summer
                   for
                   Charvel
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   sow
                   things
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   Transplanted
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Lettuce
                     ,
                     Succory
                     ,
                     Cabbaget
                     ,
                     Celery
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   since
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   but
                   may
                   be
                   useful
                   for
                   some
                   things
                   or
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Banks
                   require
                   a
                   necessary
                   Precaution
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   beat
                   and
                   trample
                   them
                   extream
                   close
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   they
                   are
                   made
                   ;
                   but
                   especially
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   every
                   Bank
                   a
                   little
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Alley
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Water
                   running
                   down
                   from
                   the
                   Banks
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Terras
                   ,
                   would
                   soon
                   ruin
                   and
                   demolish
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   if
                   notwithstanding
                   this
                   Precaution
                   ,
                   any
                   accident
                   should
                   befal
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   repair'd
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   by
                   adding
                   some
                   Earth
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   well
                   trampled
                   and
                   beaten
                   anew
                   ,
                   leaving
                   only
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Inches
                   of
                   good
                   Earth
                   loose
                   on
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   afterwards
                   cultivated
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   that
                   Place
                   fit
                   for
                   Production
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   expect
                   that
                   the
                   great
                   Inequalities
                   of
                   Gardens
                   should
                   be
                   absolutely
                   levell'd
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   little
                   Fences
                   made
                   from
                   space
                   to
                   space
                   in
                   the
                   Alleys
                   or
                   Walks
                   ,
                   to
                   turn
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   great
                   Showers
                   into
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Squares
                   or
                   Plats
                   ;
                   which
                   Fences
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   with
                   boards
                   stuck
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   a-cross
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   about
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Inches
                   above
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Walks
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   case
                   those
                   Fences
                   or
                   Stays
                   should
                   not
                   prove
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   a
                   drein
                   made
                   at
                   the
                   lower
                   end
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   for
                   the
                   disburthening
                   of
                   those
                   Waters
                   ;
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   not
                   allowing
                   this
                   discharge
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   hole
                   made
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Well
                   )
                   in
                   ones
                   own
                   Ground
                   ,
                   fill'd
                   with
                   dry
                   Bricks
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   Waters
                   to
                   lose
                   themselves
                   in
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   few
                   Walls
                   would
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   resist
                   long
                   against
                   great
                   Inundations
                   without
                   demolishing
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   without
                   causing
                   great
                   disorders
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Disposition
                     or
                     Distribution
                     of
                     the
                     whole
                     Ground
                     of
                     every
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   TWO
                   particular
                   Considerations
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   every
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   to
                   order
                   that
                   Garden
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   useful
                   and
                   abounding
                   in
                   its
                   Production
                   proportionably
                   to
                   its
                   Extent
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   Consideration
                   is
                   to
                   order
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   convenient
                   either
                   for
                   Walks
                   ,
                   or
                   Culture
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Gathering
                   ,
                   those
                   being
                   the
                   two
                   principal
                   ends
                   propos'd
                   in
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   sufficient
                   to
                   know
                   what
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   doing
                   of
                   it self
                   without
                   much
                   help
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   performing
                   without
                   such
                   and
                   such
                   helps
                   it
                   may
                   receive
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   attain
                   the
                   first
                   Point
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   its
                   Productions
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   must
                   be
                   employ'd
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Occonomy
                   and
                   Prudence
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   with
                   Plants
                   and
                   Seeds
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   no
                   part
                   thereof
                   may
                   remain
                   useless
                   ,
                   putting
                   into
                   each
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   succeed
                   in
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   attain
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Convenience
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   be
                   agreeably
                   distributed
                   into
                   Squares
                   or
                   Plats
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Walks
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   made
                   very
                   neat
                   ,
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   suitable
                   size
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   Place
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Intelligent
                   Man
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   Garden
                   without
                   convenient
                   Walks
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   suited
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   size
                   and
                   number
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   largeness
                   or
                   scantiness
                   thereof
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   we
                   call
                   the
                   best
                   parts
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   are
                   really
                   those
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   best
                   Ground
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   commonly
                   happens
                   ,
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   equally
                   good
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   being
                   equal
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   parts
                   or
                   places
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   are
                   those
                   particularly
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   shelter'd
                   from
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   receive
                   most
                   benefit
                   by
                   the
                   Reflexion
                   caus'd
                   by
                   the
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   By
                   necessary
                   well-plac'd
                   Walks
                   or
                   Allys
                   ,
                   we
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   commonly
                   necessary
                   either
                   near
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   to
                   cultivate
                   them
                   with
                   more
                   ease
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   gathering
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   to
                   divide
                   the
                   Ground
                   in
                   equal
                   Squares
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   multiply
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   Variety
                   in
                   Walking
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   and
                   visit
                   what
                   those
                   Plats
                   or
                   Squares
                   contain
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   that
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   be
                   perform'd
                   with
                   more
                   ease
                   and
                   convenience
                   by
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   in
                   our
                   distribution
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   look
                   at
                   once
                   for
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   Production
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Convenience
                   of
                   Culture
                   of
                   Walking
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   Production
                   we
                   will
                   certainly
                   find
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   we
                   plant
                   good
                   Trees
                   against
                   all
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   even
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   without
                   excepting
                   the
                   Face
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   Garden
                   ,
                   planting
                   Dwarfs
                   also
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Squares
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   the
                   Counter
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Polehedges
                   that
                   were
                   formerly
                   in
                   use
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   now
                   abolish'd
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   keeping
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   good
                   order
                   was
                   very
                   troublesom
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Productions
                   very
                   Inconsiderable
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   We
                   will
                   find
                   those
                   Advantages
                   ,
                   if
                   our
                   Squares
                   are
                   garnish'd
                   with
                   useful
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   at
                   a
                   convenient
                   distance
                   from
                   those
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   every
                   Square
                   be
                   continually
                   fill'd
                   with
                   good
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   of
                   one
                   Season
                   be
                   no
                   sooner
                   gather'd
                   or
                   pick'd
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   again
                   prepar'd
                   to
                   receive
                   others
                   for
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   ,
                   another
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Third
                   Part
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   will
                   shew
                   what
                   Trees
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   Wall-Fruit
                   or
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ;
                   the
                   Fourth
                   will
                   shew
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Cultivating
                   and
                   Pruning
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Sixth
                   ,
                   which
                   contains
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   will
                   shew
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   Bordures
                   I
                   call
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   the
                   Legumes
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Culture
                   that
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   fine
                   ,
                   good
                   and
                   seasonable
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   to
                   have
                   set
                   down
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Advantages
                   of
                   the
                   Production
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   likewise
                   declare
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Conveniences
                   of
                   Culture
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   Walking
                   ;
                   therefore
                   we
                   are
                   now
                   to
                   regulate
                   the
                   space
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   allow'd
                   before
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   flat
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   are
                   made
                   ;
                   to
                   regulate
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   the
                   Squares
                   ,
                   and
                   finally
                   the
                   place
                   and
                   breadth
                   of
                   the
                   Walks
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   whatever
                   size
                   it
                   be
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   shall
                   speak
                   here
                   of
                   the
                   Allies
                   or
                   Walks
                   ,
                   I
                   only
                   mean
                   the
                   place
                   destin'd
                   for
                   Walking
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   else
                   ,
                   as
                   some
                   do
                   ,
                   who
                   in
                   their
                   Disposition
                   give
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Walks
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Space
                   that
                   lies
                   from
                   the
                   Wall
                   to
                   the
                   Dwarfs
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Counter
                     Espalier
                  
                   or
                   Polehedge
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Distance
                   that
                   lies
                   from
                   one
                   Dwarf
                   to
                   another
                   in
                   the
                   Division
                   of
                   the
                   Squares
                   or
                   Ground
                   Plats
                   :
                   This
                   Space
                   of
                   Walks
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   narrower
                   than
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Foot
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Garden
                   be
                   never
                   so
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   seldom
                   to
                   exceed
                   Eighteen
                   or
                   Twenty
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   be
                   never
                   so
                   large
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   had
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   breadth
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   Proviso
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   every
                   Walk
                   must
                   be
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   broad
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   its
                   length
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   kept
                   very
                   smooth
                   and
                   gravell'd
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   firm
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   under
                   Foot
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   it
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   convenient
                   for
                   Walking
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   declare
                   here
                   wherein
                   the
                   Difference
                   between
                   a
                   Walk
                   and
                   a
                   Path
                   consists
                   :
                   A
                   Walk
                   must
                   be
                   broad
                   enough
                   for
                   two
                   Persons
                   to
                   walk
                   a-breast
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   cannot
                   be
                   allow'd
                   less
                   than
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Foot
                   ;
                   without
                   which
                   it
                   would
                   no
                   longer
                   be
                   a
                   real
                   Walk
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   large
                   Path
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Paths
                   ,
                   provided
                   one
                   person
                   can
                   go
                   through
                   them
                   they
                   are
                   large
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   do
                   not
                   require
                   above
                   a
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   at
                   most
                   in
                   breadth
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Disposition
                     or
                     Distribution
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     small
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Proceed
                   now
                   to
                   the
                   particulars
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   commonly
                   there
                   are
                   but
                   few
                   Gardens
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   at
                   least
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Fathom
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   proportionable
                   length
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Garden
                   could
                   hardly
                   be
                   bestow'd
                   upon
                   a
                   narrower
                   place
                   ;
                   but
                   however
                   ,
                   whatever
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   place
                   being
                   well
                   situated
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Face
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   Ornament
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   whether
                   immediately
                   joining
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   divided
                   by
                   some
                   small
                   Yard
                   .
                   In
                   case
                   then
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   small
                   Garden
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   manage
                   the
                   Ground
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   the
                   Entrance
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   that
                   breadth
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Walk
                   of
                   about
                   six
                   Foot
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   the
                   only
                   Walk
                   ,
                   leaving
                   only
                   small
                   Paths
                   along
                   the
                   Walls
                   and
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   about
                   a
                   Foot
                   broad
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   case
                   the
                   Entrance
                   should
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Corners
                   ,
                   as
                   sometimes
                   one
                   is
                   necessitated
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   satisfied
                   with
                   one
                   Walk
                   along
                   the
                   first
                   Wall
                   which
                   presents
                   it self
                   at
                   that
                   Corner
                   ;
                   this
                   Walk
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Sun
                   one
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   shaded
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   whereby
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sometimes
                   pleasant
                   for
                   walking
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   such
                   a
                   Garden
                   being
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Fathom
                   broad
                   ,
                   should
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   as
                   long
                   again
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   order'd
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   contrive
                   at
                   every
                   End
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   at
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   a
                   Walk
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   breadth
                   with
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   especially
                   at
                   that
                   end
                   which
                   is
                   nearest
                   to
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   this
                   walk
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   breadth
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   Observation
                   the
                   Practice
                   whereof
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   in
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   especially
                   great
                   ones
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   customary
                   to
                   stop
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ;
                   to
                   consider
                   it
                   ,
                   a
                   place
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   at
                   first
                   passably
                   large
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   agreeable
                   and
                   airy
                   :
                   Those
                   Walks
                   at
                   the
                   ends
                   will
                   afford
                   room
                   for
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   disterent
                   or
                   separate
                   Companies
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   this
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Walks
                   that
                   are
                   along
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Walls
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   at
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Foot
                   distance
                   from
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   may
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Foot
                   of
                   
                     Cultivated
                     Earth
                  
                   ,
                   whereas
                   their
                   former
                   allowance
                   was
                   not
                   near
                   so
                   considerable
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   this
                   Bank
                   being
                   pretty
                   large
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   it
                   for
                   all
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   even
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   yet
                   much
                   larger
                   ,
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   the
                   Trees
                   will
                   not
                   only
                   be
                   better
                   nourish'd
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Bordures
                   which
                   support
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   form
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   useful
                   Plants
                   that
                   delight
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Walls
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   them
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   love
                   to
                   be
                   shelter'd
                   from
                   cold
                   dangerous
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   altogether
                   necessary
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   something
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Breadth
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     allow'd
                     the
                     Bordures
                     of
                     Espaliers
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Desire
                   every
                   Body
                   to
                   reflect
                   upon
                   this
                   Article
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   advise
                   them
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   Walks
                   at
                   a
                   pretty
                   distance
                   from
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   Walls
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Advantages
                   that
                   may
                   accrue
                   from
                   the
                   shelter
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   which
                   shelter
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   when
                   it
                   only
                   favours
                   Walks
                   ,
                   which
                   receive
                   no
                   benefit
                   by
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   what
                   Inconvenience
                   can
                   attend
                   the
                   Cultivating
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Foot
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   or
                   left
                   of
                   the
                   Walk
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   use
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   Mould
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Foot
                   I
                   cause
                   to
                   be
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   small
                   Bank
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   Espaliers
                   were
                   commonly
                   confin'd
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   much
                   more
                   profitable
                   in
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   than
                   if
                   being
                   imploy'd
                   to
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Walk
                   ,
                   an
                   equal
                   quantity
                   to
                   it
                   were
                   Cultivated
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   of
                   that
                   Walk
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   it
                   could
                   not
                   enjoy
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   shelter
                   of
                   the
                   Wall.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   absolutely
                   decide
                   ,
                   whether
                   
                     Dwarf
                     Fruit-Trees
                  
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   very
                   small
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   every
                   Man
                   is
                   free
                   in
                   that
                   to
                   follow
                   his
                   own
                   Inclination
                   ,
                   though
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   it
                   were
                   best
                   to
                   have
                   none
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   were
                   small
                   
                     Paradice
                     Apple-Trees
                  
                   or
                   Gooseberry
                   Shrubs
                   ;
                   I
                   should
                   fear
                   those
                   Dwarfs
                   might
                   grow
                   so
                   large
                   as
                   to
                   offuscate
                   or
                   shadow
                   the
                   Wall-Fruit
                   or
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   particular
                   respect
                   for
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   certainly
                   be
                   inconvenient
                   for
                   walking
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Walk
                   ,
                   not
                   affording
                   it
                   room
                   to
                   breathe
                   in
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Therefore
                   I
                   would
                   employ
                   the
                   smallness
                   of
                   my
                   Ground
                   in
                   other
                   Things
                   than
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   in
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Sallads
                  
                   and
                   
                     Pot-herbs
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   or
                   else
                   one
                   part
                   one
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   another
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   little
                   thing
                   or
                   other
                   to
                   pick
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   whole
                   space
                   of
                   our
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   divided
                   the
                   breadth
                   by
                   one
                   only
                   Walk
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   or
                   made
                   it
                   narrower
                   by
                   a
                   walk
                   along
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   or
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   cut
                   cross-wise
                   by
                   Beds
                   about
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Foot
                   broad
                   ,
                   with
                   several
                   small
                   Paths
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   maturely
                   examin'd
                   the
                   distribution
                   I
                   have
                   now
                   made
                   ,
                   I
                   find
                   it
                   so
                   reasonable
                   that
                   I
                   would
                   make
                   no
                   other
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   were
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Fathom
                   broad
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   not
                   even
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   consist
                   of
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Distribution
                     or
                     Disposition
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     bigness
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   BUT
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   for
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   ten
                   to
                   eleven
                   ,
                   or
                   eleven
                   to
                   twelve
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   which
                   composes
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   size
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   thought
                   fit
                   in
                   regard
                   to
                   its
                   Situation
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   it
                   at
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   at
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   ;
                   in
                   both
                   Cases
                   I
                   would
                   allow
                   the
                   Walks
                   seven
                   Foot
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   even
                   allow
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   parallel
                   to
                   the
                   Front
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   leaving
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   a
                   Bank
                   of
                   about
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   foot
                   for
                   every
                   Wall
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Disposition
                   I
                   should
                   only
                   make
                   Walks
                   along
                   all
                   the
                   Walls
                   :
                   and
                   thus
                   there
                   would
                   remain
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   a
                   square
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Fathom
                   broad
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   seven
                   to
                   eight
                   upon
                   the
                   whole
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   that
                   length
                   should
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   about
                   fifteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   divide
                   it
                   into
                   two
                   equal
                   parts
                   by
                   a
                   Walk
                   partly
                   like
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Walls
                   ;
                   but
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   allow
                   it
                   above
                   three
                   Foot
                   ,
                   that
                   Square
                   not
                   being
                   above
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   Fathom
                   long
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   the
                   Master
                   might
                   follow
                   his
                   own
                   Inclination
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   imploying
                   of
                   that
                   Square
                   ,
                   either
                   altogether
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   planted
                   in
                   equal
                   distances
                   ,
                   with
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   small
                   Legumes
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   years
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   Pear-Trees
                   should
                   be
                   growing
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   employ
                   it
                   part
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   upon
                   the
                   edge
                   of
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   always
                   observing
                   the
                   distance
                   I
                   have
                   heretofore
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   in
                   
                     Sallads
                     ,
                     Greens
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                  
                   and
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   should
                   like
                   best
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   I
                   might
                   imploy
                   the
                   farthest
                   part
                   from
                   the
                   House
                   wholly
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   in
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   having
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Fathom
                   in
                   length
                   to
                   the
                   breadth
                   propos'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Distribution
                     or
                     Disposure
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     from
                     fifteen
                     to
                     twenty
                     Fathom
                     in
                     breadth
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     of
                     five
                     and
                     twenty
                     to
                     thirty
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     thirty
                     to
                     forty
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Proceed
                   now
                   to
                   a
                   Place
                   from
                   fifteen
                   to
                   twenty
                   Fathom
                   breadth
                   ,
                   upon
                   any
                   length
                   whatever
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   fine
                   Garden
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Place
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   examin
                   whether
                   that
                   Garden
                   joyns
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ;
                   secondly
                   ,
                   Whether
                   the
                   House
                   be
                   built
                   with
                   Free-stone
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   with
                   a
                   ragged
                   Stone
                   plaister'd
                   over
                   ,
                   or
                   new
                   pargetted
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   House
                   not
                   joyning
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Garden
                     ,
                     Trees
                  
                   must
                   be
                   planted
                   against
                   all
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   the
                   Garden
                   being
                   altogether
                   inclos'd
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   even
                   though
                   it
                   were
                   adjoyning
                   ,
                   the
                   Front
                   being
                   only
                   plaister'd
                   ,
                   or
                   new
                   pargetted
                   ;
                   the
                   same
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   especially
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   breadth
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   the
                   space
                   that
                   lyes
                   between
                   the
                   Windows
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Windows
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   Architecture
                   be
                   fine
                   and
                   rich
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   leave
                   it
                   naked
                   and
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   of
                   every
                   body
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   pitty
                   to
                   hide
                   so
                   fine
                   an
                   Ornament
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   hope
                   of
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Place
                   then
                   ,
                   having
                   fifteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   Fathom
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   the
                   length
                   containing
                   twenty
                   five
                   or
                   thirty
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Walks
                   along
                   the
                   Walls
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   foot
                   broad
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   nine
                   or
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   the
                   length
                   amounting
                   to
                   five
                   and
                   thirty
                   ,
                   or
                   forty
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Walk
                   which
                   offers
                   it self
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   parallel
                   to
                   the
                   Front
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   Whatever
                   
                   length
                   the
                   Garden
                   consisted
                   of
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   allow
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   foot
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   allow'd
                   twelve
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   a
                   Terras
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   Terrasses
                   adjoyning
                   to
                   a
                   I
                   louse
                   can
                   hardly
                   ever
                   be
                   too
                   broad
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   the
                   Walks
                   we
                   have
                   mention'd
                   round
                   about
                   our
                   Garden
                   ,
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   another
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   to
                   divide
                   the
                   breadth
                   in
                   two
                   equal
                   parts
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   breadth
                   containing
                   twenty
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   ,
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   allow'd
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   foot
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Parallel
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   left
                   ,
                   especially
                   this
                   Walk
                   fronting
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   our
                   Garden
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   suppose
                   to
                   be
                   from
                   thirty
                   to
                   forty
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   divided
                   in
                   two
                   by
                   a
                   cross
                   Walk
                   ,
                   almost
                   about
                   the
                   same
                   breadth
                   with
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   some
                   feet
                   less
                   ,
                   considering
                   the
                   Extent
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   besides
                   that
                   generally
                   it
                   is
                   closer
                   by
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   edge
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   left
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   its
                   sides
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   favour'd
                   by
                   the
                   Banks
                   ,
                   have
                   more
                   Air
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   .
                
                 
                   Such
                   a
                   Walk
                   cross-wise
                   will
                   form
                   two
                   Squares
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   have
                   each
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Fathom
                   one
                   way
                   to
                   nine
                   ,
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   twelve
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Whereupon
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   proper
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   a
                   Square
                   in
                   any
                   Garden
                   whatever
                   ,
                   always
                   looks
                   sine
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   consists
                   of
                   twelve
                   or
                   thirteen
                   Fathom
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   ,
                   seven
                   ,
                   or
                   eight
                   in
                   breadth
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   much
                   more
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   equal
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   broad
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   should
                   happen
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   that
                   going
                   about
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Walk
                   on
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   one
                   should
                   meet
                   with
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   which
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   strait
                   ,
                   should
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   on
                   a
                   crooked
                   Line
                   in
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   extent
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   pretead
                   to
                   correct
                   that
                   defect
                   absolutely
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   still
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Walk
                   regular
                   with
                   strait
                   Angels
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   square
                   ,
                   beginning
                   it
                   at
                   four
                   foot
                   distance
                   from
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   which
                   advances
                   most
                   into
                   the
                   Walk
                   ,
                   and
                   making
                   it
                   Square
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   end
                   ,
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   garnish'd
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   left
                   with
                   fine
                   Bordures
                   that
                   shall
                   mark
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   parts
                   which
                   shall
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   much
                   broader
                   with
                   Earth
                   than
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   usual
                   Disposition
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   imploy'd
                   usefully
                   either
                   in
                   Straw-berries
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   Plants
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   capable
                   to
                   offuscate
                   the
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   sometimes
                   lengths
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   fourscore
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   more
                   to
                   eighteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   speaking
                   of
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   that
                   length
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   divided
                   into
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   equal
                   Portions
                   by
                   cross
                   Walks
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   such
                   a
                   length
                   bears
                   no
                   Proportion
                   to
                   the
                   breadth
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   stop
                   the
                   Prospect
                   of
                   our
                   Garden
                   within
                   forty
                   or
                   fifty
                   Fathom
                   from
                   the
                   House
                   by
                   some
                   Wall
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   by
                   some
                   Pallisade
                   ;
                   such
                   a
                   Wall
                   might
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   multiply
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Wall-Fruit
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   Pallisade
                   for
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   we
                   should
                   gain
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Advantage
                   of
                   Production
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Eye
                   .
                
                 
                   Although
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   should
                   contain
                   five
                   and
                   twenty
                   ,
                   thirty
                   ,
                   or
                   thirty
                   five
                   Fathom
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   make
                   no
                   other
                   distribution
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   than
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   made
                   to
                   a
                   breadth
                   of
                   fifteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   were
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Walks
                   somewhat
                   broader
                   ,
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   their
                   length
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Disposition
                     or
                     Distribution
                     of
                     Gardens
                     of
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     size
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   the
                   breadth
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Garden
                   should
                   amount
                   to
                   threescore
                   ,
                   threescore
                   and
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   fourscore
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ;
                   I
                   would
                   divide
                   it
                   into
                   four
                   equal
                   Portions
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   at
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   several
                   other
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   I
                   would
                   make
                   Counter-Walks
                   garnish'd
                   with
                   Dwarfs
                   upon
                   the
                   flat
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   at
                   Rambouillet
                   for
                   his
                   Grace
                   the
                   Duke
                   of
                   Montausier
                   ,
                   upon
                   condition
                   that
                   in
                   those
                   two
                   Cases
                   the
                   two
                   Walks
                   parallel
                   to
                   the
                   Chief
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   suppose
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   about
                   three
                   Fathom
                   broad
                   ,
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   allow'd
                   above
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   foot
                   :
                   In
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   pitty
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   broader
                   ,
                   since
                   that
                   would
                   employ
                   too
                   much
                   Ground
                   in
                   Walks
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   already
                   mention'd
                   the
                   bigness
                   the
                   Squares
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ought
                   to
                   consist
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   without
                   repeating
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   find
                   that
                   those
                   two
                   Walks
                   will
                   afford
                   us
                   fine
                   ones
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   breadth
                   or
                   length
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   Rule
                   we
                   prescribe
                   for
                   the
                   dividing
                   of
                   the
                   breadth
                   ,
                   must
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   division
                   of
                   the
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   persuaded
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   space
                   of
                   Garden
                   approaches
                   fourscore
                   Fathom
                   
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   and
                   passes
                   them
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   great
                   Square
                   of
                   the
                   King's
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Garden
                  
                   does
                   ;
                   it
                   really
                   composes
                   a
                   large
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   contains
                   at
                   least
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Acres
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   the
                   Squares
                   may
                   have
                   fourteen
                   or
                   fifteen
                   Fathom
                   one
                   way
                   ,
                   to
                   eighteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   there
                   is
                   any
                   necessity
                   of
                   inlarging
                   farther
                   in
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Disposition
                   or
                   Distribution
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   of
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ;
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   suffices
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   that
                   when
                   one
                   may
                   have
                   or
                   afford
                   variety
                   of
                   such
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   Princes
                   or
                   great
                   Lords
                   do
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   occasion
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   make
                   little
                   particular
                   Gardens
                   in
                   Places
                   adjacent
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   at
                   Chantilly
                   ,
                   at
                   Seaux
                   ,
                   at
                   St.
                   
                     Oüen
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   or
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   at
                   Versailles
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   Overplus
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   Cultivated
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   employ'd
                   in
                   
                     High
                     Standard
                     Trees
                  
                   ;
                   for
                   to
                   speak
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   over
                   large
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   are
                   attended
                   with
                   great
                   Inconveniences
                   ,
                   and
                   liable
                   to
                   great
                   Charges
                   ,
                   which
                   very
                   often
                   do
                   not
                   answer
                   our
                   Expectations
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   due
                   Cares
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XX.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     Cultivating
                     Fruit-Gardens
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   ALthough
                   this
                   Culture
                   taken
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   contains
                   all
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   Explain'd
                   in
                   several
                   particular
                   Treatises
                   ,
                   my
                   Intention
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   reduce
                   it
                   here
                   to
                   Three
                   Things
                   only
                   :
                   First
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Tillage
                   the
                   Earth
                   stands
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   ;
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Neatness
                   Gardens
                   require
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   .
                   The
                   remainder
                   of
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   shall
                   be
                   examin'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   we
                   must
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   hot
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   always
                   finds
                   it self
                   in
                   an
                   approaching
                   disposition
                   to
                   Act
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   of
                   producing
                   some
                   Plants
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   for
                   Man
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   can
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   never
                   remain
                   Idle
                   ,
                   the
                   Production
                   it
                   makes
                   of
                   one
                   thing
                   ,
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   is
                   ,
                   First
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Interior
                   Salt
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   its
                   Fertility
                   ,
                   or
                   Capacity
                   of
                   Acting
                   is
                   no
                   wise
                   Infinite
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   exhausted
                   by
                   often
                   producing
                   ,
                   as
                   every
                   Body
                   knows
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   several
                   Plants
                   lying
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   it
                   always
                   happens
                   that
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   grow
                   the
                   smaller
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   being
                   divided
                   into
                   many
                   ,
                   the
                   share
                   of
                   each
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   the
                   smaller
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   the
                   slenderer
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   it
                   happens
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   more
                   lively
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   being
                   grown
                   Naturally
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   of
                   a
                   Temper
                   more
                   suitable
                   to
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   nourishes
                   them
                   ;
                   this
                   Plant
                   has
                   suck'd
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   that
                   was
                   in
                   that
                   Place
                   ready
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Inside
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   which
                   appears
                   exhausted
                   to
                   us
                   in
                   its
                   Productions
                   ,
                   when
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   different
                   Plants
                   have
                   exhausted
                   it
                   by
                   their
                   Roots
                   ;
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   besides
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Earth
                   is
                   dry
                   and
                   wants
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   hindred
                   from
                   receiving
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Night-Dews
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   small
                   Show'rs
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   Gift
                   of
                   repairing
                   and
                   amending
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   penetrate
                   to
                   the
                   Internal
                   Parts
                   ;
                   thus
                   when
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   Plants
                   ,
                   which
                   cover
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   come
                   to
                   receive
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Moistures
                   ,
                   they
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   descending
                   lower
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   they
                   remain
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Sun
                   ,
                   which
                   rarifying
                   them
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   lightens
                   and
                   heats
                   them
                   ,
                   converts
                   them
                   into
                   Vapours
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   consequently
                   for
                   that
                   time
                   prevents
                   their
                   being
                   of
                   any
                   use
                   to
                   that
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   our
                   Dwarfs
                   and
                   
                     Tall
                     Standards
                  
                   well
                   fed
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   That
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   too
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   may
                   be
                   the
                   less
                   divided
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   no
                   sort
                   of
                   Plants
                   near
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   inwardly
                   steal
                   their
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   or
                   outwardly
                   hinder
                   the
                   Refreshings
                   and
                   Helps
                   they
                   are
                   certainly
                   to
                   receive
                   by
                   Rain
                   and
                   Dew
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   Earth
                   always
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   often
                   Cultivated
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   that
                   the
                   Moistures
                   of
                   Rains
                   and
                   Dews
                   may
                   easily
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   penetrate
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   may
                   be
                   duly
                   heated
                   by
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   stands
                   indispensibly
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Now
                   to
                   put
                   that
                   Earth
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   of
                   producing
                   advantageously
                   what
                   we
                   require
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   allowing
                   it
                   time
                   to
                   imploy
                   it self
                   in
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   to
                   preserve
                   cleanness
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   extent
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   be
                   careful
                   to
                   Till
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   to
                   amend
                   and
                   cleanse
                   it
                   when
                   it
                   requires
                   it
                   .
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   examine
                   those
                   four
                   kind
                   of
                   Cultures
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   Manner
                   ,
                   Use
                   ,
                   Cause
                   and
                   Success
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Tillage
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   TIllage
                   ,
                   properly
                   speaking
                   ,
                   is
                   nothing
                   but
                   a
                   Movement
                   or
                   Stirring
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   perform'd
                   on
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   penetrates
                   unto
                   a
                   certain
                   Depth
                   ,
                   and
                   makes
                   the
                   lower
                   and
                   upper
                   parts
                   reciprocally
                   change
                   place
                   :
                   Now
                   it
                   not
                   being
                   my
                   Intention
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Tillage
                   that
                   is
                   perform'd
                   with
                   a
                   Plough
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Fields
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   of
                   the
                   Tillage
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   know
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   perform'd
                   several
                   different
                   ways
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   With
                   the
                   Spade
                   and
                   Haugh
                   in
                   easie
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   Place
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Pitch-Fork
                   ,
                   and
                   French
                   Mattock
                   in
                   stony
                   and
                   yet
                   pretty
                   strong
                   Ground
                   ;
                   some
                   are
                   perform'd
                   deeper
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Squares
                   or
                   Plats
                   ;
                   and
                   others
                   lighter
                   ,
                   viz.
                   about
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   upon
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   among
                   small
                   
                     Legumes
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   It
                   must
                   be
                   noted
                   next
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   all
                   likelihood
                   the
                   Cause
                   or
                   Motive
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Earths
                   appear
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   really
                   thereby
                   become
                   so
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   to
                   render
                   such
                   easie
                   as
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   preserve
                   those
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   naturally
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   chiefly
                   thereby
                   to
                   augment
                   Fertility
                   in
                   such
                   Earths
                   as
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   preserve
                   it
                   in
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Store
                   :
                   Earths
                   that
                   are
                   absolutely
                   barren
                   ,
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   Till'd
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   talk
                   of
                   rendring
                   Earth
                   easie
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   become
                   sandy
                   and
                   loose
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   the
                   Moisture
                   and
                   Heat
                   which
                   comes
                   from
                   without
                   ,
                   may
                   easily
                   penetrate
                   through
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   no
                   wise
                   compact
                   or
                   sticking
                   together
                   ,
                   like
                   clayish
                   ,
                   gravelly
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   the
                   Constitution
                   of
                   their
                   Nature
                   ,
                   are
                   no
                   wise
                   proper
                   for
                   Vegetation
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   give
                   Fruitfulness
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Tillage
                   must
                   
                   contribute
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   temper
                   of
                   Heat
                   and
                   Moisture
                   to
                   a
                   Soil
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   already
                   provided
                   with
                   that
                   Salt
                   ,
                   it
                   stands
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   for
                   the
                   chief
                   part
                   of
                   Fertility
                   ;
                   this
                   temper
                   of
                   Heat
                   and
                   Moisture
                   being
                   so
                   necessary
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   it
                   its
                   Salt
                   is
                   altogether
                   useless
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   can
                   produce
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   Plants
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   Animals
                   can
                   enjoy
                   no
                   perfect
                   Health
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   temper
                   of
                   Elemental
                   Qualifications
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   to
                   have
                   given
                   Reasons
                   for
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   besides
                   give
                   
                   Rules
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   serve
                   to
                   procure
                   this
                   Temper
                   in
                   question
                   to
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   observable
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   Earths
                   are
                   easily
                   heated
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   light
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   heat
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   they
                   are
                   commonly
                   dry
                   and
                   parch'd
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   work
                   carefully
                   to
                   procure
                   them
                   Moisture
                   :
                   Others
                   are
                   not
                   easily
                   heated
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Strong
                   and
                   Cold
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   require
                   but
                   little
                   Culture
                   for
                   an
                   augmentation
                   of
                   Moisture
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   generally
                   too
                   much
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   require
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   help
                   for
                   an
                   additional
                   Heat
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   some
                   kind
                   of
                   Plants
                   require
                   more
                   Moisture
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Sallads
                  
                   ,
                   
                   Sorrel
                   and
                   
                     thick
                     Rooted
                     Plants
                  
                   :
                   The
                   Earth
                   which
                   produces
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   receive
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Water
                   from
                   without
                   :
                   Others
                   are
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   less
                   ,
                   as
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   and
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   much
                   trouble
                   our selves
                   to
                   afford
                   it
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   however
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   nothing
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   which
                   requires
                   either
                   an
                   excessive
                   Heat
                   or
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   so
                   we
                   have
                   nothing
                   but
                   what
                   requires
                   some
                   .
                   The
                   Sun
                   ,
                   Rains
                   and
                   Subterranean
                   Waters
                   provide
                   for
                   one
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   provide
                   ,
                   by
                   other
                   means
                   ,
                   for
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   wanting
                   besides
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   what
                   we
                   do
                   by
                   a
                   well
                   understood
                   Culture
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   Tillage
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   Parts
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Tillages
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   at
                   different
                   Times
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   differently
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   multiplicity
                   ,
                   
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Earth
                   and
                   Seasons
                   :
                   Earth
                   that
                   is
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   must
                   be
                   Till'd
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   Time
                   ,
                   either
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   ,
                   or
                   while
                   it
                   Rains
                   ,
                   or
                   soon
                   after
                   it
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   any
                   likelihood
                   of
                   more
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   can
                   neither
                   be
                   Till'd
                   too
                   often
                   ,
                   nor
                   too
                   deep
                   when
                   it
                   Rains
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   Contraries
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   but
                   seldom
                   be
                   Till'd
                   in
                   very
                   hot
                   Weather
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   water'd
                   immediately
                   after
                   it
                   .
                   Those
                   
                   frequent
                   breakings
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   make
                   way
                   for
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   Rain
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   them
                   penetrate
                   
                   towards
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   thereof
                   ;
                   whereas
                   otherwise
                   they
                   would
                   remain
                   upon
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ,
                   and
                   soon
                   after
                   evaporate
                   :
                   Tillage
                   likewise
                   makes
                   a
                   passage
                   for
                   heat
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   Moisture
                   can
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   On
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   Cold
                   ,
                   Strong
                   ,
                   Moist
                   Earth
                   ,
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   Till'd
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   Rain
                   ,
                   but
                   rather
                   during
                   the
                   greatest
                   Heats
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   can
                   neither
                   be
                   Till'd
                   too
                   often
                   nor
                   too
                   deep
                   ,
                   especially
                   to
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   parching
                   and
                   splitting
                   on
                   the
                   Top
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   often
                   said
                   ,
                   does
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   prejudice
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   being
                   softned
                   by
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   the
                   heat
                   may
                   penetrate
                   the
                   easier
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   may
                   destroy
                   the
                   Cold
                   ,
                   which
                   hinders
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   makes
                   Trees
                   yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   shews
                   us
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   many
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   order'd
                   regularly
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   answers
                   our
                   Intentions
                   with
                   success
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   prudently
                   manag'd
                   ;
                   whereas
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   it
                   opposes
                   them
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   govern'd
                   Ill
                   :
                   The
                   Season
                   of
                   putting
                   most
                   Coin
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   are
                   only
                   sown
                   each
                   in
                   one
                   Season
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Graffing
                   ,
                   of
                   Pruning
                   and
                   of
                   
                     Planting
                     Vines
                  
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   which
                   likewise
                   is
                   only
                   done
                   in
                   certain
                   Months
                   ;
                   all
                   these
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   are
                   so
                   many
                   Instructions
                   which
                   Nature
                   gives
                   us
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   teach
                   us
                   how
                   to
                   study
                   well
                   what
                   the
                   Ground
                   requires
                   ,
                   and
                   precisely
                   at
                   what
                   time
                   .
                   By
                   those
                   Observations
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   Application
                   has
                   taught
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   Till
                   often
                   about
                   Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   dry
                   ,
                   light
                   Earths
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   strong
                   and
                   moist
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   in
                   rainy
                   Weather
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   in
                   great
                   Heats
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   frequent
                   Tillings
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   advise
                   ,
                   when
                   Convenience
                   will
                   permit
                   it
                   ,
                   are
                   of
                   great
                   
                   Use
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   besides
                   their
                   hindring
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   from
                   being
                   exhausted
                   by
                   the
                   Production
                   and
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   ill
                   Plants
                   ;
                   they
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   make
                   those
                   Weeds
                   which
                   Rot
                   ,
                   being
                   laid
                   under
                   Ground
                   ,
                   serve
                   for
                   an
                   Amendment
                   to
                   fatten
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   moreover
                   those
                   frequent
                   Tilths
                   partly
                   destroy
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Maxims
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   Establish'd
                   but
                   one
                   Tillage
                   for
                   every
                   Season
                   ;
                   and
                   what
                   I
                   like
                   most
                   in
                   them
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   they
                   establish
                   the
                   Necessity
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Usefulness
                   of
                   them
                   :
                   But
                   I
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   unless
                   ,
                   during
                   their
                   Intervals
                   ,
                   care
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   scrape
                   ,
                   or
                   pull
                   out
                   those
                   ill
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   which
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   and
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   grow
                   upon
                   Earths
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   Multiply
                   ,
                   
                     ad
                     Infinitum
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   suffer'd
                   to
                   run
                   up
                   to
                   Seed
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   must
                   say
                   here
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   times
                   in
                   which
                   
                     Trees
                     bloslom
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Vine
                     shoots
                  
                   are
                   very
                   dangerous
                   for
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   performed
                   at
                   those
                   Times
                   ,
                   neither
                   about
                   those
                   Trees
                   or
                   Vines
                   ;
                   the
                   Earth
                   being
                   newly
                   stir'd
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   exhales
                   abundance
                   of
                   Vapours
                   ,
                   which
                   upon
                   the
                   least
                   white
                   hoary
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   common
                   at
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   being
                   stopt
                   near
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   stick
                   upon
                   the
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   soften
                   and
                   moisten
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   that
                   rendring
                   them
                   susceptible
                   to
                   the
                   Frost
                   ,
                   they
                   contribute
                   to
                   kill
                   them
                   ;
                   Earths
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   Till'd
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   are
                   hard
                   about
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   subject
                   to
                   exhale
                   so
                   many
                   Vapors
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   not
                   subject
                   to
                   so
                   many
                   Accidents
                   of
                   Frost
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   heretofore
                   to
                   favour
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   condemn
                   those
                   who
                   Sow
                   or
                   Plant
                   ,
                   either
                   many
                   Pot-herhs
                   ,
                   or
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   or
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   ,
                   such
                   Plants
                   being
                   certainly
                   very
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rule
                   I
                   Practise
                   for
                   the
                   Culture
                   or
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   about
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   in
                   dry
                   light
                   Earths
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   allow
                   them
                   a
                   large
                   one
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   past
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Rains
                   and
                   Snows
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rains
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   may
                   easily
                   penetrate
                   into
                   our
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   strong
                   and
                   moist
                   Earths
                   ,
                   I
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   small
                   Tillage
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   only
                   to
                   remove
                   the
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   and
                   tarry
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   large
                   one
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   absolutely
                   knit
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   great
                   Moistures
                   over
                   ;
                   thus
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   being
                   kept
                   hard
                   ,
                   firm
                   and
                   close
                   ,
                   has
                   left
                   but
                   little
                   passage
                   for
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   and
                   Spring
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   occasion
                   here
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Snow
                   being
                   melted
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   been
                   capable
                   of
                   penetrating
                   ,
                   remains
                   part
                   upon
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   converted
                   into
                   Vapors
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   following
                   the
                   Declivities
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   descends
                   into
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Rivers
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   needs
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   moistens
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   penetrates
                   so
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   melted
                   Snow
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   seldom
                   known
                   Water
                   to
                   penetrate
                   above
                   a
                   foot
                   deep
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   Snow
                   will
                   penetrate
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Foot
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   heavier
                   than
                   common
                   Rain
                   Water
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   reason
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   it
                   melts
                   slowly
                   and
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   undermost
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Mass
                   of
                   Snow
                   ,
                   it
                   soaks
                   in
                   with
                   more
                   ease
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   hindred
                   by
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun.
                   
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   I
                   dread
                   abundance
                   of
                   Snow
                   upon
                   strong
                   ,
                   moist
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   and
                   cause
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   remov'd
                   from
                   about
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   I
                   like
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   cause
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   gather'd
                   in
                   dry
                   Earths
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Magazine
                   of
                   Moisture
                   ;
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   those
                   
                   Earths
                   I
                   cause
                   that
                   which
                   lyes
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   up
                   and
                   thrown
                   into
                   the
                   Bordures
                   of
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   to
                   the
                   Expositions
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   time
                   want
                   most
                   moisture
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   into
                   the
                   Exposures
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   strong
                   Earths
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   Summer
                   Showrs
                   seldom
                   falling
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   ground
                   of
                   those
                   Expositions
                   remains
                   commonly
                   dryer
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   thereby
                   expos'd
                   to
                   suffer
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Necessity
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   recommend
                   and
                   advise
                   ,
                   is
                   sometimes
                   contradicted
                   by
                   the
                   success
                   of
                   certain
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Pavement
                   or
                   beaten
                   Gravel
                   about
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   do
                   notwithstanding
                   thrive
                   well
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   are
                   never
                   Till'd
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   two
                   things
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   answer
                   ;
                   the
                   First
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   commonly
                   such
                   Trees
                   are
                   plac'd
                   under
                   Spouts
                   or
                   Gutters
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Water
                   falls
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   penetrating
                   through
                   the
                   Crany's
                   of
                   the
                   Pavement
                   ,
                   or
                   through
                   the
                   beaten
                   Gravel
                   ,
                   furnishes
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Nourishment
                   for
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                   The
                   Second
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   moisture
                   which
                   has
                   thus
                   penetrated
                   into
                   those
                   Grounds
                   
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Pavement
                   ,
                   preserves
                   it self
                   much
                   better
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   longer
                   than
                   in
                   others
                   ,
                   the
                   wind
                   and
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   not
                   being
                   capable
                   to
                   destroy
                   it
                   :
                   yet
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   I
                   still
                   recommend
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   and
                   Plants
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Eye
                   ;
                   the
                   Universal
                   Experience
                   we
                   have
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   destroy'd
                   by
                   so
                   small
                   an
                   Objection
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Bread
                   and
                   Cloathing
                   can
                   be
                   condemn'd
                   ,
                   although
                   the
                   Savages
                   do
                   not
                   understand
                   it
                   :
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     Orange-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Plans
                   and
                   Shrubs
                   in
                   Cases
                   sufficiently
                   justifie
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   Tilling
                   ,
                   or
                   breaking
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   Passage
                   to
                   the
                   Water
                   or
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   they
                   Pine
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   Perish
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Amendments
                     or
                     Improvements
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AFTER
                   having
                   explain'd
                   the
                   Motive
                   ,
                   Use
                   and
                   Manner
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   about
                   Amendments
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   nothing
                   but
                   a
                   bettering
                   ,
                   or
                   recovering
                   of
                   Earth
                   ;
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Improvement
                   might
                   be
                   done
                   with
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   now
                   explain
                   the
                   Motive
                   ,
                   Use
                   and
                   Manner
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Motive
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   amend
                   ,
                   or
                   Dung
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   with
                   an
                   Intention
                   of
                   affording
                   Fruitfulness
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   wants
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   many
                   defects
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   little
                   Disposition
                   towards
                   Production
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   preserve
                   it
                   when
                   it
                   has
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   might
                   lose
                   it
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   received
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   some
                   necessary
                   Reparations
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Productions
                   we
                   require
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   either
                   beyond
                   its
                   Capacity
                   ,
                   or
                   conformably
                   to
                   its
                   Power
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   to
                   amend
                   it
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   Temper
                   ,
                   whether
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   :
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   There
                   must
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Dung
                   to
                   produce
                   Pot-herbs
                   ,
                   which
                   grow
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   abundantly
                   ,
                   and
                   succeed
                   each
                   other
                   quickly
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   compass
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   that
                   might
                   grow
                   barren
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   Trees
                   require
                   but
                   little
                   or
                   none
                   for
                   their
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   being
                   long
                   a-growing
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   but
                   inconsiderable
                   Productions
                   ,
                   compar'd
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   they
                   take
                   up
                   :
                   and
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   Though
                   they
                   remain
                   long
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Place
                   ,
                   yet
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   which
                   stretch
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   left
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   a
                   shift
                   to
                   pick
                   up
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   that
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   far
                   and
                   near
                   :
                   I
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruitfulness
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   requires
                   less
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   but
                   little
                   ;
                   and
                   Finally
                   ,
                   Cold
                   moist
                   Earth
                   requires
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   .
                
                 
                   Certainly
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   body
                   can
                   be
                   ignorant
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   defects
                   of
                   Earth
                   consists
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   too
                   much
                   moisture
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   commonly
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   great
                   ponderousness
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   in
                   too
                   much
                   drought
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   likewise
                   regularly
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   an
                   excessive
                   lightness
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   great
                   Disposition
                   to
                   parching
                   ;
                   We
                   likewise
                   find
                   that
                   among
                   the
                   Dungs
                   we
                   may
                   imploy
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   too
                   fat
                   and
                   cooling
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   the
                   Dung
                   of
                   Oxen
                   and
                   Cows
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   too
                   hot
                   and
                   light
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   Dung
                   of
                   Sheep
                   ,
                   Horses
                   and
                   Pidgeons
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   whereas
                   the
                   Remedy
                   must
                   have
                   Vertues
                   opposite
                   or
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Distempers
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   cure
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   imploy
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   Dungs
                   in
                   moist
                   ,
                   cold
                   ,
                   heavy
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   heat
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   them
                   lighter
                   and
                   easier
                   ;
                   and
                   Oxen
                   and
                   Cow
                   Dung
                   in
                   lean
                   ,
                   dry
                   ,
                   light
                   Earths
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   fatter
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   material
                   ,
                   thereby
                   hindring
                   the
                   great
                   parchings
                   or
                   droughts
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   great
                   heats
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   from
                   drying
                   them
                   up
                   with
                   too
                   much
                   ease
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   There
                   are
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   great
                   Controversies
                   in
                   Philosophy
                   and
                   Chimistry
                   ,
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   decide
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   exactness
                   or
                   accuracy
                   Mathematicians
                   use
                   in
                   deciding
                   what
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   form
                   a
                   straight
                   Line
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   The
                   World
                   is
                   certainly
                   highly
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   who
                   drive
                   their
                   Curiosity
                   and
                   their
                   Observations
                   so
                   far
                   into
                   the
                   Secrets
                   of
                   Nature
                   ;
                   I
                   hope
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   reap
                   great
                   benefits
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   for
                   my self
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   those
                   for
                   whom
                   I
                   write
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   can
                   do
                   no
                   better
                   than
                   to
                   proceed
                   in
                   this
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   ,
                   orderly
                   ,
                   plainly
                   and
                   grosly
                   ,
                   being
                   persuaded
                   that
                   the
                   fertility
                   of
                   Earth
                   does
                   not
                   consist
                   ,
                   as
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   an
                   indivisible
                   Point
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   I
                   am
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   willing
                   to
                   occasion
                   the
                   least
                   scruple
                   in
                   any
                   body
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   especially
                   any
                   wise
                   to
                   scare
                   or
                   terrifie
                   our
                   Gard'ners
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Culture
                   ,
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   I
                   endeavour
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   in
                   me
                   lyes
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   plain
                   and
                   easie
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   end
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   once
                   more
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   form
                   to
                   our selves
                   a
                   certain
                   Idea
                   of
                   richness
                   in
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   certainly
                   contains
                   in
                   its
                   Bowels
                   a
                   Salt
                   which
                   occasions
                   Fertility
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   this
                   Salt
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   and
                   real
                   Treasure
                   of
                   this
                   Earth
                   .
                   Thus
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     the
                     Money
                     of
                     a
                     Miser
                  
                   (
                   which
                   makes
                   his
                   Riches
                   and
                   Plenty
                   )
                   
                     is
                     the
                     Treasure
                     he
                     possesses
                  
                   ;
                   yet
                   this
                   Miser
                   will
                   still
                   remain
                   equally
                   Rich
                   and
                   Pecuniary
                   :
                   If
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   he
                   spends
                   nothing
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   whatever
                   Liberality
                   he
                   may
                   affect
                   ,
                   it
                   happens
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   constantly
                   receives
                   as
                   much
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   in
                   one
                   hand
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   spends
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   he
                   spent
                   yesterday
                   fifty
                   Shillings
                   ,
                   to
                   day
                   he
                   has
                   increas'd
                   his
                   Store
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Silver
                   ,
                   or
                   Goods
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   value
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Summ
                   ;
                   he
                   is
                   then
                   equally
                   Rich
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   to
                   morrow
                   he
                   shall
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   spend
                   the
                   same
                   Summ
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   take
                   up
                   the
                   next
                   day
                   ,
                   either
                   the
                   same
                   Money
                   in
                   Bond
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   common
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   value
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   thus
                   ,
                   
                     ad
                     Infinitum
                  
                   ,
                   this
                   Circulation
                   is
                   real
                   and
                   effective
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   must
                   know
                   for
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   has
                   been
                   created
                   with
                   a
                   Disposition
                   to
                   produce
                   
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   (
                   excepting
                   some
                   Stones
                   and
                   Mettals
                   which
                   are
                   extraordinary
                   Productions
                   of
                   Nature
                   )
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   on
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   come
                   out
                   of
                   its
                   own
                   Bosom
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   all
                   the
                   
                     Vegetative
                     Plants
                  
                   we
                   see
                   are
                   part
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   we
                   may
                   affirm
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   (
                   whatever
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   be
                   material
                   )
                   but
                   what
                   may
                   serve
                   to
                   amend
                   that
                   Earth
                   or
                   Soil
                   returning
                   to
                   it
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Corruption
                   ,
                   under
                   whatever
                   Figure
                   it
                   returns
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   because
                   that
                   whatever
                   re-enters
                   into
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   gives
                   it
                   back
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   what
                   it
                   had
                   lost
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Specie
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Value
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   effect
                   it
                   becomes
                   Earth
                   again
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   before
                   ;
                   thus
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Stuffs
                   ,
                   Linnen
                   ,
                   the
                   Flesh
                   ,
                   Skin
                   ,
                   Bones
                   and
                   Nails
                   of
                   Animals
                   ,
                   Dirt
                   ,
                   Urines
                   ,
                   Excrements
                   ,
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   Straw
                   ,
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Corn
                   or
                   Grains
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   short
                   ,
                   all
                   in
                   general
                   that
                   is
                   palpable
                   and
                   sensible
                   on
                   Earth
                   (
                   excepting
                   perhaps
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   most
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Minerals
                   )
                   all
                   this
                   entring
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   serves
                   to
                   amend
                   and
                   better
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   the
                   Convenience
                   and
                   Facility
                   of
                   spreading
                   often
                   upon
                   Earths
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   it
                   in
                   good
                   Farms
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Cities
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   practis'd
                   for
                   the
                   sowing
                   of
                   Corn
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   we
                   put
                   our
                   Land
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   of
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   continue
                   to
                   produce
                   always
                   without
                   Intermission
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   our
                   Ground
                   ,
                   though
                   good
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   permitted
                   to
                   produce
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   built
                   upon
                   ;
                   those
                   Grounds
                   thus
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Buildings
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                   though
                   against
                   their
                   Will
                   ,
                   like
                   a
                   Rich
                   Man
                   who
                   spends
                   nothing
                   ,
                   though
                   able
                   to
                   spend
                   much
                   ;
                   they
                   always
                   remain
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   say
                   ,
                   equally
                   Fertile
                   in
                   Power
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   equally
                   capable
                   of
                   producing
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   actually
                   produce
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   not
                   hindred
                   from
                   so
                   doing
                   ;
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   others
                   which
                   produce
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   Tilling
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   Plants
                   they
                   had
                   produc'd
                   be
                   again
                   put
                   underneath
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   often
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   that
                   are
                   the
                   Seat
                   of
                   War
                   ;
                   those
                   Plants
                   thus
                   put
                   under
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   rot
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   serve
                   to
                   fatten
                   it
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   degree
                   it
                   possess'd
                   before
                   the
                   producing
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   Salt
                   in
                   Specie
                   ,
                   which
                   returns
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   makes
                   it
                   as
                   Rich
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   Fertile
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   all
                   the
                   Productions
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   spot
                   of
                   Ground
                   are
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   usual
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   lieu
                   thereof
                   it
                   be
                   allow'd
                   as
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Productions
                   of
                   another
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   rotten
                   Straw
                   ,
                   season'd
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Excrements
                   of
                   some
                   Animals
                   ,
                   which
                   Excrements
                   are
                   likewise
                   originally
                   sprung
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   having
                   thereby
                   repaired
                   its
                   loss
                   ,
                   becomes
                   as
                   Rich
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   Fertile
                   as
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   may
                   then
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   look
                   upon
                   Dungs
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Earth
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Coin
                   which
                   repairs
                   the
                   Treasures
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   as
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   kind
                   of
                   Coins
                   ,
                   some
                   more
                   precious
                   ,
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   being
                   Coin'd
                   ,
                   pass
                   in
                   Trade
                   and
                   Inrich
                   ;
                   so
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   kind
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   some
                   a
                   little
                   better
                   than
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   all
                   proper
                   to
                   amend
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   repair
                   
                   the
                   loss
                   that
                   Earth
                   had
                   sustained
                   in
                   Producing
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   Substance
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   does
                   not
                   wear
                   out
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   last
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   nothing
                   ,
                   or
                   waste
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   give
                   cause
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   diminishes
                   ,
                   for
                   if
                   it
                   did
                   ,
                   where
                   should
                   it
                   be
                   now
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   produc'd
                   so
                   much
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ?
                   'T
                   is
                   only
                   the
                   Salt
                   of
                   it
                   that
                   diminishes
                   ;
                   or
                   to
                   speak
                   more
                   properly
                   ,
                   changes
                   place
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   return
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   does
                   ,
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   restoring
                   that
                   Earth
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Condition
                   it
                   was
                   in
                   formerly
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Alambicks
                   in
                   Chimistry
                   sufficiently
                   manifest
                   what
                   that
                   Salt
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   show
                   in
                   little
                   what
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   required
                   to
                   animate
                   a
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Dung
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Earths
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   Temper
                   ,
                   what
                   Salt
                   is
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   different
                   kinds
                   of
                   Meat
                   ,
                   either
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   fine
                   and
                   curious
                   ,
                   as
                   Partridges
                   and
                   Sheep
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   material
                   and
                   gross
                   ,
                   as
                   Beef
                   and
                   
                     Pork
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   these
                   without
                   doubt
                   can
                   bear
                   a
                   much
                   larger
                   quantity
                   of
                   Salt
                   in
                   the
                   seasoning
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   without
                   spoiling
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   since
                   a
                   good
                   piece
                   of
                   Beef
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   requires
                   a
                   much
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Salt
                   to
                   relish
                   it
                   ,
                   than
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Mutton
                   ,
                   though
                   equally
                   large
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   gross
                   Meats
                   are
                   made
                   more
                   pallatable
                   by
                   being
                   well
                   poudred
                   ,
                   whereas
                   Mutton
                   being
                   salted
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   rate
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   spoil'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Salts
                   that
                   salt
                   more
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   Bay-Salt
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   as
                   white
                   Salt
                   ;
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   heating
                   ,
                   or
                   animating
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Dungs
                   which
                   heat
                   and
                   amend
                   more
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   those
                   of
                   Sheep
                   and
                   Horses
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   that
                   amend
                   and
                   heat
                   less
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   The
                   Dung
                   of
                   Hogs
                   and
                   Cows
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   We
                   must
                   prudently
                   make
                   use
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   Experience
                   sufficiently
                   justifies
                   this
                   faculty
                   of
                   heating
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   a
                   certain
                   quantity
                   of
                   Horse
                   Dung
                   heap'd
                   up
                   together
                   will
                   cause
                   a
                   considerable
                   heat
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   convert
                   it self
                   sometimes
                   into
                   real
                   Fire
                   ,
                   whereas
                   a
                   heap
                   of
                   Cow
                   Dung
                   never
                   heats
                   it self
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   ,
                   therefore
                   ,
                   should
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Horse
                   and
                   Sheeps
                   Dung
                   be
                   laid
                   in
                   light
                   ,
                   sandy
                   
                   Earths
                   ,
                   which
                   stand
                   in
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   so
                   much
                   heat
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   prejudice
                   them
                   instead
                   of
                   doing
                   them
                   good
                   ;
                   those
                   Dungs
                   are
                   too
                   burning
                   ;
                   but
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Advice
                   of
                   the
                   Poet
                   ,
                   we
                   might
                   allow
                   them
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Cows-Dung
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   fatter
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   so
                   hot
                   :
                   And
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   not
                   sit
                   for
                   dry
                   ,
                   hot
                   Earths
                   ,
                   is
                   very
                   proper
                   for
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   cold
                   and
                   moist
                   ;
                   those
                   ,
                   which
                   naturally
                   produce
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   want
                   heat
                   to
                   be
                   animated
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   to
                   dispose
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   better
                   for
                   us
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Dungs
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   will
                   not
                   susfice
                   to
                   have
                   spoken
                   of
                   Amendments
                   or
                   Improvements
                   in
                   General
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   come
                   to
                   Particulars
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   examin
                   five
                   things
                   ,
                   principally
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   usual
                   of
                   all
                   Amendments
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     First
                     ,
                     What
                     Dung
                     is
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     How
                     many
                     kinds
                     there
                     are
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     Which
                     is
                     the
                     best
                     of
                     all
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     Which
                     is
                     the
                     proper
                     time
                     to
                     imploy
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     ,
                     Fifthly
                     ,
                     Which
                     is
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     making
                     so
                     good
                     a
                     Use
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     Earths
                     may
                     be
                     amended
                     by
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     made
                     more
                     Fruitful
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Intention
                     of
                     him
                     that
                     uses
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Point
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   saying
                   ,
                   that
                   Dung
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   vulgar
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   known
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   ridiculous
                   ,
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   give
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   continue
                   to
                   follow
                   exactly
                   the
                   design
                   I
                   have
                   propos'd
                   in
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   omit
                   the
                   least
                   singularity
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   belongs
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   my self
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   this
                   Dung
                   ,
                   not
                   indeed
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   known
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   unacquainted
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   hard
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   such
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   to
                   make
                   some
                   Observations
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   material
                   for
                   the
                   matter
                   in
                   hand
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   Dung
                   is
                   a
                   Composition
                   of
                   two
                   things
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   a
                   certain
                   quantity
                   of
                   Straw
                   which
                   has
                   serv'd
                   for
                   Litter
                   for
                   Domestick
                   Animals
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   the
                   Excrements
                   of
                   some
                   Animals
                   among
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   incorporated
                   with
                   that
                   Straw
                   ;
                   neither
                   that
                   Straw
                   alone
                   ,
                   though
                   half
                   rotten
                   ,
                   is
                   sit
                   to
                   make
                   good
                   Dung
                   ;
                   nor
                   yet
                   the
                   Excrements
                   of
                   those
                   Animals
                   without
                   Straw
                   ,
                   can
                   be
                   sufficient
                   alone
                   ,
                   to
                   induce
                   one
                   to
                   imploy
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   of
                   Necessity
                   be
                   mix'd
                   together
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   use
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   body
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Neither
                   can
                   any
                   body
                   be
                   ignorant
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   keep
                   those
                   Animals
                   both
                   for
                   Pleasure
                   and
                   Use
                   ,
                   have
                   particular
                   Places
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   feed
                   and
                   rest
                   in
                   ;
                   which
                   Places
                   have
                   peculiar
                   and
                   different
                   Names
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   call'd
                   Stables
                   for
                   Horses
                   and
                   Mules
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   Pens
                   ,
                   Stalls
                   and
                   Sties
                   for
                   Oxen
                   ,
                   Cows
                   ,
                   Sheep
                   and
                   Hogs
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Great
                   Hunters
                   have
                   ,
                   besides
                   ,
                   Kennels
                   for
                   Hounds
                   ,
                   but
                   those
                   afford
                   but
                   little
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   treat
                   of
                   in
                   this
                   Chapter
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   usual
                   to
                   place
                   daily
                   under
                   those
                   Animals
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   under
                   Horses
                   ,
                   a
                   sufficient
                   quantity
                   of
                   fresh
                   New
                   Straw
                   ,
                   well
                   spread
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   call'd
                   making
                   of
                   Litter
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Bed
                   ,
                   which
                   serves
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   lye
                   upon
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   their
                   rest
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   weary
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   themselves
                   again
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   go
                   about
                   their
                   usual
                   Service
                   a-new
                   ;
                   this
                   Litter
                   serves
                   then
                   to
                   preserve
                   their
                   Health
                   ,
                   to
                   help
                   to
                   recover
                   their
                   Vigor
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   keep
                   them
                   neater
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   all
                   ,
                   for
                   after
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   good
                   for
                   some
                   other
                   thing
                   ;
                   this
                   Straw
                   being
                   thus
                   imploy'd
                   by
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Litter
                   ,
                   becomes
                   not
                   only
                   bruis'd
                   and
                   broken
                   by
                   the
                   Trampling
                   and
                   Agitation
                   of
                   those
                   Animals
                   ,
                   but
                   their
                   Excrements
                   having
                   imbib'd
                   or
                   soak'd
                   it
                   ,
                   changes
                   the
                   colour
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   half
                   rots
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   becomes
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   Nature
                   from
                   what
                   it
                   was
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   altogether
                   corrupted
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   longer
                   proper
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   Litter
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   removing
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   new
                   into
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   its
                   turn
                   must
                   undergo
                   the
                   same
                   Fate
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   first
                   Litter
                   being
                   taken
                   from
                   under
                   those
                   Animals
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   aside
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   heap
                   of
                   common
                   Dirt
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   rejected
                   ,
                   we
                   give
                   it
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   now
                   in
                   question
                   ;
                   and
                   under
                   that
                   Name
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   found
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   a
                   useful
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   necessary
                   thing
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   Human
                   kind
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   this
                   new
                   Service
                   it
                   yields
                   ,
                   being
                   grown
                   Dung
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Excrements
                   of
                   those
                   Animals
                   have
                   communicated
                   unto
                   it
                   a
                   certain
                   quality
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   a
                   certain
                   Salt
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   contain'd
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   causes
                   it
                   (
                   being
                   heapt
                   up
                   )
                   to
                   heat
                   it self
                   considerably
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   to
                   heat
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   round
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   shall
                   explain
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   thus
                   explain'd
                   what
                   Dung
                   is
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   truly
                   said
                   that
                   that
                   Explication
                   was
                   not
                   very
                   necessary
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   allow'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   other
                   four
                   Articles
                   are
                   very
                   material
                   to
                   be
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   beginning
                   by
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   an
                   Account
                   how
                   many
                   sorts
                   of
                   Dung
                   we
                   may
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   naturally
                   follows
                   from
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   above
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   Horses
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   there
                   likewise
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Horse
                   Dung
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   of
                   Mules
                   ,
                   &c.
                   that
                   there
                   
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Cows
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Sheep
                   and
                   Hogs
                   afford
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   likewise
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Poultry
                   that
                   is
                   kept
                   in
                   some
                   Houses
                   ,
                   as
                   Pigions
                   ,
                   Hens
                   ,
                   Geese
                   ,
                   &c.
                   also
                   produce
                   some
                   small
                   manner
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   very
                   inconsiderable
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   hardly
                   worth
                   mentioning
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Animals
                   in
                   question
                   do
                   not
                   alone
                   contribute
                   by
                   their
                   Excrements
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Composition
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Amendments
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   parts
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   being
                   once
                   rotten
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   their
                   very
                   Nails
                   and
                   Bones
                   serve
                   to
                   fatten
                   it
                   .
                   The
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Trees
                   which
                   are
                   gather'd
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   being
                   put
                   in
                   a
                   moist
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   under
                   the
                   drein
                   of
                   a
                   Stable
                   or
                   Pen
                   ,
                   being
                   also
                   rotten
                   ,
                   may
                   likewise
                   be
                   of
                   some
                   use
                   in
                   Places
                   where
                   Straw
                   and
                   Animals
                   are
                   not
                   common
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   very
                   Ashes
                   of
                   all
                   combustible
                   Matters
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   use
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   small
                   quantity
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   only
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   rotten
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   generally
                   all
                   things
                   which
                   being
                   come
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   are
                   corruptible
                   ,
                   becomes
                   Dung
                   for
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   when
                   put
                   into
                   it
                   again
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   corrupts
                   .
                
                 
                   Nay
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   People
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   multiply
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Dungs
                   or
                   Amendments
                   ,
                   maintain
                   ,
                   that
                   Turf
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Earth
                   of
                   high
                   Ways
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   speak
                   my
                   Opinion
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   only
                   say
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   kind
                   of
                   whitish
                   Earth
                   which
                   is
                   met
                   with
                   in
                   the
                   Bowels
                   of
                   some
                   piece
                   of
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Marle
                   ,
                   and
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   become
                   Stones
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   consider'd
                   as
                   an
                   amendment
                   to
                   help
                   towards
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   some
                   things
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   we
                   have
                   explain'd
                   the
                   diversity
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   see
                   what
                   are
                   their
                   particular
                   Qualifications
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   this
                   knowledge
                   may
                   teach
                   us
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   good
                   
                   Choice
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   occasions
                   we
                   have
                   for
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   two
                   peculiar
                   Properties
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   to
                   fatten
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   fatten
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   better
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   render
                   it
                   more
                   fruitful
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   common
                   to
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   rotten
                   ,
                   only
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   :
                   The
                   second
                   Property
                   is
                   to
                   produce
                   a
                   certain
                   sensible
                   heat
                   ,
                   capable
                   of
                   producing
                   some
                   considerable
                   Effect
                   :
                   The
                   Ancients
                   knew
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   not
                   known
                   the
                   second
                   ;
                   this
                   last
                   is
                   seldom
                   met
                   with
                   in
                   any
                   but
                   Horse
                   and
                   Mule
                   Dung
                   ,
                   when
                   newly
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   a
                   little
                   moist
                   ,
                   and
                   indeed
                   those
                   
                   sort
                   of
                   Dungs
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   wonderful
                   use
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   perform
                   the
                   Office
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Planet
                   ,
                   which
                   animates
                   and
                   enlive●s
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   really
                   performing
                   there
                   the
                   same
                   Function
                   which
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   us'd
                   to
                   dispense
                   there
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   being
                   laid
                   in
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   Couches
                   ,
                   it
                   serves
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   all
                   the
                   Novelties
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     Cowcumbers
                     ,
                     Radishes
                  
                   ,
                   small
                   Sallads
                   ,
                   and
                   Melons
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   that
                   ,
                   long
                   before
                   Nature
                   can
                   give
                   it
                   ;
                   it
                   serves
                   in
                   great
                   Frosts
                   to
                   furnish
                   us
                   with
                   Greens
                   and
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   yet
                   more
                   singular
                   ,
                   very
                   green
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   better
                   than
                   the
                   Common
                   ones
                   ;
                   it
                   likewise
                   serves
                   to
                   advance
                   considerably
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   of
                   Figs
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   
                     Pease
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   it
                   serves
                   to
                   make
                   Mushrooms
                   grow
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   new
                   Dung
                   has
                   a
                   peculiar
                   Goodness
                   and
                   Faculty
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   stands
                   possess'd
                   of
                   its
                   first
                   heat
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   another
                   when
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   Rotten
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   old
                   and
                   dry
                   ,
                   the
                   heat
                   being
                   altogether
                   past
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   preserve
                   against
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   ,
                   Cold
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   Frosts
                   might
                   indamage
                   and
                   destroy
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   us'd
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   time
                   to
                   cover
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     Ar●●chokes
                     ,
                     Succories
                     ,
                     Selery
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   Which
                   are
                   all
                   Manna's
                   of
                   great
                   Value
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   perish
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Dung
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   :
                   Which
                   is
                   not
                   all
                   that
                   Dung
                   is
                   useful
                   for
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   serv'd
                   in
                   so
                   many
                   Places
                   ,
                   as
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Condition
                   of
                   all
                   Sublunary
                   Beings
                   ,
                   it
                   rots
                   at
                   last
                   ;
                   it
                   then
                   serves
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   Use
                   which
                   I
                   treat
                   of
                   here
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   amend
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Amendment
                   or
                   Improvement
                   supposes
                   two
                   considerable
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   doing
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   doing
                   it
                   well
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   imagin
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   are
                   proper
                   to
                   employ
                   
                   Dung
                   ,
                   none
                   but
                   the
                   five
                   moistest
                   Months
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   are
                   good
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   viz.
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   November
                   till
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   March
                   ;
                   those
                   Dungs
                   would
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   in
                   the
                   bosom
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   perfectly
                   made
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   rotting
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   but
                   Rain
                   can
                   cause
                   that
                   Consummation
                   ;
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   employ'd
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   ,
                   only
                   grow
                   dry
                   and
                   musty
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   favourable
                   to
                   Vegetabels
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   pernicious
                   and
                   fatal
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   abundance
                   of
                   large
                   white
                   Worms
                   engendring
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   remain
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   gnaw
                   all
                   the
                   tender
                   things
                   they
                   meet
                   with
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   great
                   Moistures
                   of
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Winter
                   making
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   rotting
                   by
                   the
                   degrees
                   ,
                   the
                   gross
                   material
                   substance
                   of
                   that
                   Dung
                   ,
                   the
                   Salt
                   which
                   lyes
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   passes
                   into
                   the
                   interior
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   this
                   Salt
                   spreads
                   it self
                   in
                   those
                   Places
                   ,
                   whence
                   the
                   Plants
                   draw
                   their
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   alone
                   have
                   the
                   Tallent
                   of
                   improving
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   Vegetables
                   make
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   acquiring
                   all
                   the
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   thickness
                   ,
                   largness
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Winter
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   Season
                   fit
                   for
                   great
                   Amendments
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   behoves
                   able
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   lose
                   a
                   time
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   precious
                   for
                   their
                   Occupation
                   :
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   need
                   neither
                   to
                   mind
                   the
                   Quarters
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   whatever
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   Traditions
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   ,
                   and
                   whatever
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   in
                   some
                   Books
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   troublesom
                   Observations
                   ,
                   and
                   altogether
                   Useless
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   only
                   proper
                   to
                   afford
                   Matter
                   towards
                   the
                   Imbellishment
                   of
                   Poetry
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   to
                   set
                   off
                   some
                   Visionary
                   talkative
                   Gard'ners
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Employing
                   this
                   Dung
                   to
                   the
                   purpose
                   :
                   This
                   matter
                   ought
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   two
                   Instructions
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   to
                   point
                   out
                   those
                   Parts
                   where
                   the
                   Dung
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   laid
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   to
                   mark
                   out
                   partly
                   the
                   true
                   quantity
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   that
                   sometimes
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   Dunging
                   largely
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   deep
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   it
                   suffices
                   to
                   turn
                   the
                   Surface
                   lightly
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   of
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   make
                   Beds
                   of
                   their
                   Dung
                   at
                   the
                   Bottom
                   of
                   Trenches
                   ,
                   whatever
                   care
                   they
                   take
                   of
                   Tilling
                   every
                   Bed
                   largely
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   mix
                   the
                   Earth
                   and
                   Dung
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   my
                   Reason
                   ,
                   confirm'd
                   by
                   a
                   long
                   Experience
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   whatever
                   is
                   good
                   in
                   that
                   Dung
                   ,
                   so
                   employ'd
                   ,
                   soon
                   becomes
                   Useless
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   passes
                   too
                   low
                   with
                   the
                   Moistures
                   which
                   force
                   it
                   along
                   ,
                   and
                   drive
                   it
                   to
                   such
                   Parts
                   where
                   the
                   Roots
                   cannot
                   penetrate
                   ,
                   besides
                   that
                   the
                   Motion
                   which
                   is
                   made
                   in
                   Tilling
                   those
                   Three
                   or
                   Four
                   Beds
                   in
                   the
                   Trenches
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   contributing
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Earth
                   lighter
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   
                   most
                   material
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   only
                   presses
                   and
                   hardens
                   it
                   by
                   the
                   Trampling
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   avoided
                   in
                   Tilling
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Dung
                   used
                   for
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Manner
                   as
                   Ashes
                   are
                   us'd
                   in
                   Washing
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   whereas
                   the
                   Ashes
                   are
                   only
                   laid
                   upon
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Linen
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   heaped
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   Tub
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   cleanse
                   it
                   ;
                   so
                   the
                   Dung
                   should
                   only
                   be
                   laid
                   on
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Amended
                   .
                   I
                   say
                   
                   it
                   again
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   gross
                   Substance
                   of
                   the
                   Dung
                   which
                   Fertilises
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   gross
                   Substance
                   of
                   the
                   Ashes
                   which
                   cleanses
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   that
                   invisible
                   Salt
                   which
                   is
                   contain'd
                   in
                   those
                   Matters
                   ,
                   Incorporating
                   ,
                   wetted
                   with
                   the
                   Waters
                   that
                   wet
                   it
                   ,
                   descends
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   whereever
                   their
                   Weight
                   inclines
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   produces
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   performing
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   best
                   Place
                   where
                   the
                   Dung
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   laid
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   likewise
                   examine
                   what
                   quantity
                   may
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   it
                   :
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   explain
                   this
                   Article
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   know
                   that
                   as
                   some
                   Dungs
                   have
                   a
                   far
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Salt
                   to
                   Communicate
                   than
                   others
                   ;
                   so
                   there
                   are
                   Earths
                   which
                   require
                   and
                   want
                   more
                   Amendments
                   than
                   others
                   :
                   I
                   still
                   mean
                   the
                   Earth
                   for
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   that
                   Earth
                   in
                   which
                   Trees
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Planted
                   ;
                   for
                   I
                   will
                   have
                   none
                   for
                   these
                   ,
                   supposing
                   always
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   have
                   the
                   least
                   
                   Goodness
                   they
                   have
                   enough
                   to
                   Nourish
                   Trees
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   we
                   expect
                   Pallatable
                   Fruit.
                   He
                   who
                   studies
                   to
                   make
                   Excellent
                   Wine
                   ,
                   soon
                   perceives
                   that
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Dung
                   is
                   directly
                   contrary
                   to
                   his
                   Intention
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   if
                   those
                   Amendments
                   augment
                   the
                   quantity
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   it
                   diminishes
                   the
                   Value
                   ,
                   though
                   perhaps
                   that
                   defect
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   corrected
                   by
                   Fermentation
                   and
                   Boiling
                   ;
                   Therefore
                   have
                   we
                   not
                   yet
                   much
                   more
                   cause
                   to
                   fear
                   for
                   the
                   Taste
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   Advantages
                   of
                   Boiling
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   transmitted
                   directly
                   from
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Mouth
                   ?
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   naught
                   ,
                   I
                   can
                   not
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   forbear
                   blaming
                   those
                   who
                   lose
                   their
                   Time
                   in
                   Planting
                   there
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   getting
                   better
                   Earth
                   brought
                   there
                   ,
                   the
                   quantity
                   cannot
                   be
                   Considerable
                   ,
                   nor
                   consequently
                   the
                   Charge
                   ,
                   considering
                   that
                   none
                   will
                   go
                   about
                   to
                   Plant
                   many
                   Trees
                   in
                   ill
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   my
                   Sentiment
                   in
                   this
                   particular
                   Case
                   of
                   Planting
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   People
                   will
                   be
                   obstinate
                   in
                   dunging
                   of
                   Trenches
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   intend
                   to
                   Plant
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   willing
                   to
                   Explain
                   the
                   Manner
                   I
                   think
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   save
                   Charges
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Work
                   better
                   done
                   and
                   sooner
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Trench
                   six
                   Foot
                   deep
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   prepar'd
                   ,
                   either
                   along
                   a
                   Wall
                   to
                   plant
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   about
                   a
                   Square
                   to
                   plant
                   Dwarfs
                   ;
                   First
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   Dung
                   one
                   has
                   Examin'd
                   ,
                   either
                   Horse
                   or
                   Cow
                   Dung
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   two
                   sorts
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   Commonly
                   us'd
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   are
                   most
                   plentiful
                   ;
                   this
                   Knowledge
                   will
                   teach
                   us
                   whether
                   we
                   may
                   use
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   or
                   not
                   :
                   After
                   this
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   it
                   laid
                   in
                   equal
                   distances
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   Trench
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   overture
                   of
                   the
                   Trench
                   dug
                   three
                   Foot
                   deep
                   ,
                   and
                   about
                   a
                   Fathom
                   upon
                   the
                   breadth
                   propos'd
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   before
                   we
                   go
                   about
                   to
                   employ
                   the
                   Dung
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   an
                   empty
                   free
                   Space
                   before
                   us
                   ;
                   I
                   would
                   likewise
                   have
                   three
                   Men
                   ,
                   two
                   with
                   Spades
                   to
                   stir
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   with
                   a
                   Pitch-fork
                   for
                   the
                   Dung
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   two
                   of
                   them
                   take
                   that
                   Earth
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   dug
                   ,
                   and
                   throw
                   it
                   at
                   the
                   farther
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Empty
                   Place
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   the
                   Trench
                   may
                   be
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   half
                   a
                   Foot
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Surface
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   lay
                   on
                   the
                   Surface
                   at
                   the
                   Bottom
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   lay
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   may
                   in
                   its
                   turn
                   become
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Trench
                   ;
                   this
                   Earth
                   so
                   thrown
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   makes
                   a
                   natural
                   Declivity
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   which
                   all
                   the
                   Stones
                   will
                   fall
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   means
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   immediately
                   ;
                   and
                   while
                   the
                   two
                   Men
                   thus
                   throw
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   forms
                   this
                   Declivity
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   third
                   ,
                   who
                   shall
                   be
                   remaining
                   upon
                   the
                   edge
                   of
                   the
                   Trench
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   the
                   Dung
                   with
                   the
                   Pitch-fork
                   ,
                   and
                   throw
                   it
                   without
                   Intermission
                   ,
                   not
                   into
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   upon
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Declivity
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   spread
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   dispers'd
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   it
                   may
                   lye
                   together
                   ;
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   ,
                   supposing
                   always
                   the
                   Work-men
                   act
                   briskly
                   ,
                   and
                   understand
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   two
                   very
                   material
                   things
                   are
                   done
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   time
                   ,
                   with
                   little
                   Charge
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Dung
                   is
                   plac'd
                   and
                   mix'd
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   as
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Earth
                   being
                   stirr'd
                   from
                   top
                   to
                   bottom
                   ,
                   grows
                   easie
                   and
                   light
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   not
                   forget
                   minding
                   those
                   who
                   dig
                   along
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   not
                   to
                   come
                   too
                   near
                   the
                   Foundations
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   indamaging
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Wall
                   might
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   falling
                   ;
                   a
                   small
                   slope
                   of
                   hard
                   Ground
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   left
                   untouched
                   against
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   besides
                   the
                   Trench
                   for
                   Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   others
                   round
                   about
                   all
                   the
                   Squares
                   or
                   Ground
                   Plots
                   destin'd
                   for
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   not
                   having
                   the
                   good
                   Qualifications
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   multiplying
                   only
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   Till
                   ,
                   proportioning
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   spread
                   the
                   Dung
                   accordingly
                   ;
                   there
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   the
                   same
                   depth
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   ever
                   making
                   the
                   first
                   overture
                   of
                   the
                   Trenches
                   about
                   a
                   Fathom
                   broad
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   for
                   Example
                   of
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Square
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Trench
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   along
                   the
                   Square
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   serve
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   
                   the
                   Gage
                   that
                   shall
                   lay
                   empty
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Square
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   the
                   Dung
                   must
                   be
                   brought
                   either
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   hand-Barrows
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   ,
                   or
                   near
                   that
                   empty
                   Place
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   sufficient
                   number
                   of
                   People
                   shall
                   be
                   imployed
                   to
                   spread
                   it
                   upon
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   slopes
                   ,
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   others
                   continually
                   throw
                   new
                   Earth
                   towards
                   the
                   empty
                   Places
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   warrant
                   that
                   with
                   such
                   a
                   concert
                   of
                   Workmen
                   ,
                   well
                   skill'd
                   in
                   their
                   Work
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   may
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   produce
                   very
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   good
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   care
                   being
                   taken
                   finally
                   to
                   make
                   an
                   universal
                   Tillage
                   to
                   render
                   all
                   the
                   Surface
                   even
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   would
                   only
                   have
                   People
                   observe
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   case
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   wants
                   to
                   be
                   amended
                   or
                   improv'd
                   ,
                   is
                   naturally
                   dry
                   and
                   sandy
                   ,
                   fat
                   Dung
                   must
                   be
                   imploy'd
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   Cow-dung
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   Horse-dung
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   rotten
                   in
                   a
                   Morish
                   Place
                   ;
                   I
                   seldom
                   mention
                   the
                   Dung
                   of
                   Hogs
                   ,
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   besides
                   its
                   being
                   scarce
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   an
                   ill
                   savour
                   ,
                   which
                   hinders
                   People
                   from
                   desiring
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   infecting
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   giving
                   it
                   an
                   ill
                   taste
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   infect
                   the
                   Fruit
                   sooner
                   than
                   better
                   it
                   :
                   When
                   they
                   are
                   course
                   ,
                   strong
                   ,
                   moist
                   Earths
                   ,
                   the
                   largest
                   and
                   dryest
                   Dung
                   will
                   be
                   most
                   proper
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   Horse
                   and
                   Mules
                   Dung
                   ,
                   never
                   putting
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   nor
                   too
                   little
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   moderate
                   quantity
                   ,
                   excess
                   being
                   dangerous
                   in
                   these
                   Cases
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   putting
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   defect
                   that
                   would
                   soon
                   be
                   perceiv'd
                   ;
                   as
                   likewise
                   putting
                   but
                   too
                   small
                   a
                   quantity
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   help
                   ,
                   which
                   not
                   being
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   useless
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   lean
                   Earths
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   more
                   is
                   requir'd
                   than
                   it
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   produce
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   thick
                   well
                   fed
                   Legumes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   most
                   reasonable
                   measure
                   for
                   imploying
                   of
                   that
                   Dung
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   lay
                   a
                   Basket
                   full
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   size
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   every
                   Fathom
                   of
                   slope
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   about
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   foot
                   of
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   twenty
                   Fathom
                   to
                   the
                   breadth
                   of
                   six
                   foot
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   depth
                   of
                   three
                   ,
                   will
                   consume
                   sixscore
                   Baskets
                   full
                   ,
                   of
                   that
                   moderate
                   size
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   about
                   such
                   a
                   size
                   as
                   a
                   Woman
                   may
                   partly
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   carry
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   Dung
                   enough
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   mixture
                   I
                   have
                   explain'd
                   here
                   ,
                   the
                   small
                   quantity
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   it
                   must
                   only
                   be
                   spread
                   upon
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   spreading
                   it
                   with
                   an
                   even
                   hand
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   Tilling
                   it
                   sufficiently
                   about
                   nine
                   or
                   ten
                   Inches
                   in
                   depth
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   buried
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   no
                   longer
                   appear
                   on
                   the
                   out-side
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   not
                   so
                   deep
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   reach
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Plants
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Excrements
                   of
                   Sheep
                   and
                   Goats
                   are
                   very
                   fit
                   for
                   that
                   kind
                   of
                   Dung
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   spread
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   thick
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   small
                   quantity
                   will
                   contribute
                   to
                   amend
                   the
                   Earth
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   a
                   greater
                   of
                   Horse
                   or
                   Cow-dung
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   truth
                   ,
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   Sheeps-dung
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   most
                   disposition
                   to
                   fertilize
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Earths
                   ;
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   will
                   show
                   more
                   particularly
                   how
                   much
                   I
                   value
                   it
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     La
                     Poudrette
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Dung
                   of
                   Pidgeons
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Poultrey
                   ,
                   may
                   also
                   make
                   some
                   amendments
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   I
                   seldom
                   use
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   too
                   stinking
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   scarce
                   ,
                   the
                   others
                   are
                   full
                   of
                   little
                   Fleas
                   ,
                   which
                   sticking
                   to
                   the
                   Plants
                   ,
                   are
                   very
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Excrements
                   of
                   Aquatick
                   Animals
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   commonly
                   live
                   in
                   Water
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   stark
                   nought
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   comes
                   from
                   Cunny
                   Warrens
                   ,
                   witness
                   the
                   Sterility
                   that
                   appears
                   about
                   the
                   Clappers
                   ;
                   the
                   rotten
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Plants
                   occasion
                   blackness
                   and
                   cold
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   amending
                   ,
                   rots
                   the
                   new
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   us'd
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Trees
                   gather'd
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   rotten
                   in
                   some
                   moist
                   Ground
                   ,
                   become
                   rather
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Soil
                   than
                   Dung
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   fitter
                   to
                   be
                   spread
                   to
                   secure
                   the
                   Earth
                   from
                   parching
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   fume
                   the
                   inside
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Terreau
                   or
                   Soil
                   is
                   the
                   last
                   Service
                   we
                   receive
                   from
                   Dung
                   ,
                   the
                   Dung
                   having
                   serv'd
                   to
                   make
                   Couches
                   ,
                   consumes
                   it self
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   becomes
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Mould
                   ,
                   which
                   then
                   is
                   no
                   longer
                   employ'd
                   like
                   Dung
                   to
                   fatten
                   ,
                   but
                   like
                   Earth
                   which
                   produces
                   small
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   laid
                   upon
                   new
                   Beds
                   for
                   
                     Sallads
                     ,
                     Raddishes
                  
                   and
                   Legumes
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   transplanted
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   remain
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Melons
                     ,
                     Comcumbers
                  
                   ,
                   hard
                   
                     Lettuce
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   and
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   thick
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   laid
                   over
                   Earths
                   new
                   sown
                   at
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   dry
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   harden
                   and
                   split
                   easily
                   by
                   heat
                   ,
                   the
                   Seeds
                   would
                   dry
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   could
                   not
                   penetrate
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   this
                   Soil
                   is
                   us'd
                   ,
                   which
                   preserving
                   its
                   Moisture
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   or
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   makes
                   the
                   Seeds
                   rise
                   easily
                   ,
                   and
                   shoot
                   with
                   Success
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   another
                   property
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Birds
                   from
                   picking
                   off
                   the
                   new
                   Seeds
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Ashes
                   of
                   all
                   kinds
                   would
                   be
                   of
                   great
                   use
                   to
                   amend
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   was
                   enough
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   we
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   us'd
                   about
                   the
                   Feet
                   of
                   some
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   useless
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   People
                   have
                   a
                   particular
                   Value
                   for
                   Turf
                   to
                   make
                   Amendments
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   it
                   in
                   a
                   different
                   Manner
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   fit
                   to
                   produce
                   of
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   Fertilize
                   other
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   Value
                   yet
                   for
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   lies
                   under
                   that
                   Turf
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   new
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   which
                   having
                   never
                   been
                   wrought
                   ,
                   is
                   consequently
                   full
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Fertility
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   expected
                   from
                   New
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   happy
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   can
                   make
                   whole
                   Gardens
                   of
                   such
                   :
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   People
                   have
                   not
                   a
                   sufficient
                   quantity
                   to
                   compass
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   have
                   a
                   reasonable
                   Stock
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   them
                   employ
                   it
                   either
                   wholly
                   for
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   caus'd
                   Dungs
                   to
                   be
                   Employ'd
                   for
                   deep
                   Amendments
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     know
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     proper
                     to
                     
                       Dung
                       Trees
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Cannot
                   approve
                   the
                   Sentiments
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   who
                   being
                   Infected
                   with
                   the
                   Vulgar
                   Error
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   use
                   it
                   indifferently
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   even
                   so
                   far
                   that
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   grand
                   Maxim
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   in
                   a
                   pretty
                   popular
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   to
                   afford
                   them
                   too
                   much
                   Kindness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   soft
                   and
                   sparkish
                   Expression
                   they
                   use
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   vulgarly
                   call
                   Dung.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   examin
                   whether
                   their
                   Opinion
                   is
                   any
                   wise
                   reasonable
                   ,
                   I
                   desire
                   them
                   to
                   answer
                   five
                   Queries
                   I
                   propose
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     Whether
                     they
                     mean
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Trees
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     Whether
                     only
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     Whether
                     ,
                     if
                     those
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     they
                     mean
                     all
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     General
                     ,
                     to
                     preserve
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     Vigorous
                     and
                     re-establish
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     Infirm
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     Whether
                     they
                     have
                     a
                     certain
                     Rule
                     for
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     Dung
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     allow'd
                     to
                     each
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     laid
                     ?
                  
                   
                     And
                     Fifthly
                     ,
                     Whether
                     they
                     should
                     be
                     Dung'd
                     in
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Earths
                     ,
                     whether
                     good
                     or
                     bad
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   dare
                   not
                   believe
                   that
                   their
                   Opinion
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   extends
                   to
                   all
                   Trees
                   in
                   General
                   ,
                   since
                   every
                   body
                   knows
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   Forests
                   ,
                   those
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Fields
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   serve
                   for
                   Avenues
                   to
                   Houses
                   ,
                   thrive
                   commonly
                   very
                   well
                   without
                   ever
                   having
                   been
                   Dung'd
                   :
                   In
                   case
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   allow
                   this
                   to
                   be
                   true
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Trees
                   that
                   bear
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   condemn
                   themselves
                   unawares
                   as
                   to
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   since
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   receive
                   their
                   Nourishment
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   by
                   their
                   Roots
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   those
                   Roots
                   working
                   in
                   a
                   natural
                   Ground
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   passably
                   good
                   ,
                   never
                   fail
                   of
                   finding
                   enough
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   necessary
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   live
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   however
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   probability
                   ,
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   only
                   apply
                   the
                   Maxim
                   in
                   question
                   to
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   really
                   I
                   cannot
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   dare
                   own
                   that
                   they
                   mean
                   all
                   those
                   Trees
                   in
                   General
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   ridiculous
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   can
                   be
                   equally
                   good
                   ;
                   for
                   so
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   such
                   different
                   Constitutions
                   ,
                   some
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   Infirm
                   ;
                   some
                   Kernel
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Stone
                   
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   and
                   yet
                   they
                   have
                   never
                   Explain'd
                   themselves
                   upon
                   that
                   difficulty
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   never
                   spoken
                   upon
                   this
                   Matter
                   but
                   in
                   general
                   Terms
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Sparkish
                   Term
                   of
                   Kindness
                   ,
                   to
                   perswade
                   the
                   more
                   agreeably
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   do
                   I
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   pressed
                   to
                   declare
                   their
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   mean
                   the
                   most
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   since
                   great
                   Vigour
                   appearing
                   inconsistent
                   with
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   an
                   ill
                   Expedient
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   get
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   a
                   thing
                   they
                   should
                   believe
                   proper
                   to
                   maintain
                   that
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   to
                   augment
                   it
                   ;
                   moreover
                   Dung
                   being
                   only
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   and
                   Remedies
                   being
                   only
                   us'd
                   for
                   the
                   Diseas'd
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   Dung
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   
                   us'd
                   for
                   those
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   any
                   wise
                   Infirm
                   ,
                   have
                   all
                   the
                   Signs
                   imaginable
                   of
                   perfect
                   Health
                   ,
                   throughout
                   their
                   whole
                   Extent
                   ,
                   supposing
                   then
                   that
                   Dung
                   were
                   capable
                   of
                   Improving
                   Trees
                   ,
                   still
                   I
                   do
                   verily
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   sooner
                   harm
                   these
                   ,
                   than
                   procure
                   them
                   the
                   least
                   Advantage
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   we
                   may
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Opinion
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   Infirm
                   Trees
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   the
                   Assistance
                   of
                   Dungs
                   :
                   Now
                   in
                   order
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   to
                   disabuse
                   the
                   World
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   Error
                   ,
                   I
                   affirm
                   sincerely
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   a
                   study'd
                   Experience
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   Series
                   of
                   Years
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   know
                   with
                   certainty
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Dung
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   can
                   operate
                   nothing
                   in
                   Favour
                   of
                   any
                   Tree
                   whatever
                   ;
                   I
                   had
                   liv'd
                   long
                   in
                   that
                   Common
                   Error
                   ,
                   my
                   Curiosity
                   having
                   begun
                   by
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   by
                   the
                   Rote
                   of
                   the
                   Declinings
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   &c.
                   but
                   am
                   now
                   happily
                   undeceiv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   those
                   who
                   will
                   take
                   the
                   Pains
                   to
                   inform
                   themselves
                   of
                   the
                   Truth
                   thereof
                   ,
                   without
                   prejudice
                   ,
                   will
                   certainly
                   conclude
                   with
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   best
                   it
                   is
                   but
                   a
                   useless
                   Labour
                   and
                   Expence
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   I
                   declare
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   Happiness
                   when
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   prove
                   prejudicial
                   ;
                   those
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   hinted
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   being
                   apt
                   to
                   Ingender
                   Worms
                   which
                   kill
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   most
                   all
                   the
                   Vertue
                   that
                   is
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   extends
                   no
                   farther
                   than
                   to
                   produce
                   small
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   Roots
                   ,
                   though
                   really
                   good
                   for
                   small
                   Plants
                   ,
                   can
                   no
                   wise
                   contribute
                   towards
                   the
                   forming
                   of
                   those
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   judge
                   of
                   the
                   Vigour
                   we
                   desire
                   in
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   enter
                   a
                   little
                   farther
                   into
                   the
                   convincing
                   Proof
                   of
                   this
                   Truth
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   establish
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   be
                   glad
                   to
                   be
                   inform'd
                   exactly
                   ,
                   what
                   an
                   Infirm
                   Tree
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   matter
                   I
                   have
                   enlarg'd
                   upon
                   sufficiently
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Distempers
                   of
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   therefore
                   I
                   shall
                   now
                   only
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   an
                   infirm
                   Pear-Tree
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   concluded
                   so
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   its
                   producing
                   Yellow
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   since
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   very
                   vigorous
                   and
                   yet
                   produce
                   Leaves
                   of
                   that
                   Colour
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   such
                   upon
                   which
                   some
                   thick
                   old
                   Branches
                   die
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Shoots
                   wither
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   produce
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   remain
                   scabby
                   ,
                   full
                   of
                   Cankers
                   and
                   Moss
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   blossom
                   exceedingly
                   ;
                   yet
                   little
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   knits
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   does
                   knit
                   ,
                   remains
                   small
                   ,
                   stony
                   and
                   bad
                   :
                   And
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   happens
                   to
                   produce
                   large
                   Yellow
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   frequently
                   ,
                   to
                   some
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   Quince-Stocks
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   planted
                   in
                   a
                   dry
                   lean
                   Ground
                   are
                   naturally
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   ,
                   this
                   defect
                   of
                   Yellow
                   Leaves
                   proceeds
                   from
                   that
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   Roots
                   lying
                   level
                   with
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   are
                   parch'd
                   by
                   the
                   great
                   Heats
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   .
                   Now
                   the
                   Dung
                   which
                   is
                   imploy'd
                   for
                   Amendments
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   consequently
                   put
                   pretty
                   deep
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   can
                   no
                   wise
                   prevent
                   this
                   .
                
                 
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   that
                   Infirm
                   Tree
                   chance
                   to
                   die
                   ,
                   that
                   Defect
                   may
                   proceed
                   from
                   that
                   ,
                   either
                   the
                   Tree
                   may
                   be
                   overburthen'd
                   with
                   Branches
                   ,
                   compar'd
                   to
                   the
                   small
                   Vigour
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   Nourish
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   from
                   its
                   being
                   planted
                   too
                   high
                   or
                   too
                   low
                   ;
                   or
                   lastly
                   ,
                   from
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   Nourish
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   either
                   bad
                   or
                   worn
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   many
                   dead
                   Roots
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   Dung
                   cannot
                   discharge
                   that
                   Tree
                   from
                   its
                   Burthen
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   it
                   cannot
                   make
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   better
                   Planted
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   Third
                   ,
                   it
                   cannot
                   revive
                   the
                   dead
                   Roots
                   :
                   And
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   can
                   produce
                   no
                   thick
                   new
                   ones
                   ;
                   for
                   Dungs
                   have
                   never
                   been
                   able
                   to
                   Effect
                   that
                   ,
                   neither
                   great
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   though
                   never
                   so
                   Rotten
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   small
                   ones
                   we
                   call
                   Soil
                   .
                   Thus
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   it
                   produces
                   no
                   thick
                   new
                   Roots
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   expect
                   no
                   fine
                   new
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   and
                   while
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   new
                   Shoots
                   are
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Trees
                   will
                   always
                   remain
                   ill-favour'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fruit
                   will
                   never
                   be
                   well-condition'd
                   in
                   its
                   kind
                   ,
                   nor
                   give
                   us
                   Satisfaction
                   by
                   the
                   Abundance
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   this
                   I
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   Dung
                   had
                   the
                   Faculty
                   of
                   rend'ring
                   a
                   weak
                   Tree
                   Vigorous
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   I
                   should
                   have
                   Experienc'd
                   it
                   at
                   one
                   time
                   or
                   another
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   try'd
                   it
                   so
                   often
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   be
                   much
                   to
                   blame
                   to
                   dissent
                   from
                   an
                   Opinion
                   so
                   well
                   Establish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   endeavour
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   to
                   introduce
                   a
                   new
                   Doctrine
                   in
                   the
                   Room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   doing
                   me
                   any
                   Kindness
                   ,
                   would
                   only
                   serve
                   to
                   turn
                   me
                   into
                   Ridicule
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   place
                   ,
                   if
                   Dungs
                   could
                   afford
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   especially
                   to
                   old
                   Infirm
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   Advantage
                   would
                   certainly
                   be
                   attended
                   by
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   Inconvenience
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   occasion
                   the
                   Shooting
                   of
                   abundance
                   of
                   False
                   Wood
                   or
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   and
                   destroy
                   the
                   Disposition
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   towards
                   the
                   producing
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   since
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Masters
                   Intention
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   cause
                   those
                   Buds
                   which
                   were
                   grown
                   round
                   for
                   Fruit
                   to
                   shoot
                   out
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   Wood
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   remov'd
                   as
                   being
                   Ill-condition'd
                   and
                   ill
                   plac'd
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   explain
                   more
                   particularly
                   in
                   another
                   Place
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Fifth
                   Book
                   ,
                   where
                   I
                   propose
                   Remedies
                   for
                   the
                   Infirmities
                   of
                   old
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   But
                   supposing
                   it
                   were
                   good
                   to
                   Dung
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   allow
                   ,
                   what
                   true
                   Rule
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   for
                   the
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   quantity
                   of
                   Dung
                   each
                   Tree
                   may
                   require
                   :
                   Will
                   a
                   moderate
                   quantity
                   produce
                   the
                   same
                   Effect
                   as
                   a
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   will
                   not
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   perform
                   more
                   than
                   a
                   small
                   or
                   moderate
                   one
                   ?
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   place
                   shall
                   that
                   Dung
                   be
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   shall
                   it
                   be
                   near
                   the
                   Stem
                   or
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   from
                   it
                   ?
                   It
                   will
                   be
                   useless
                   near
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   where
                   all
                   the
                   Action
                   is
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   being
                   distant
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   can
                   receive
                   no
                   Benefit
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   laid
                   particularly
                   in
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   therefore
                   those
                   Amendments
                   should
                   be
                   plac'd
                   near
                   those
                   Extremities
                   ,
                   but
                   how
                   shall
                   one
                   be
                   certain
                   in
                   what
                   part
                   they
                   lay
                   ,
                   especially
                   since
                   those
                   Extremities
                   stretching
                   out
                   Yearly
                   ,
                   consequently
                   Yearly
                   change
                   their
                   place
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   conclude
                   by
                   this
                   Vulgar
                   Observation
                   ,
                   That
                   Infirm
                   Trees
                   are
                   met
                   with
                   in
                   good
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   ill
                   ones
                   ;
                   will
                   the
                   same
                   Remedy
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   both
                   ?
                   There
                   appears
                   to
                   me
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   difficulty
                   to
                   answer
                   those
                   three
                   last
                   Questions
                   justly
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   those
                   certainly
                   engage
                   themselves
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   who
                   will
                   have
                   the
                   only
                   Remedy
                   for
                   Fruit-Trees
                   to
                   consist
                   in
                   Dunging
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   preserve
                   their
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   restore
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   lost
                   .
                   I
                   find
                   much
                   more
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   and
                   less
                   Charge
                   ,
                   in
                   using
                   new
                   Earth
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   Dungs
                   ,
                   whatever
                   they
                   be
                   :
                   I
                   explain
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Employing
                   those
                   new
                   Moulds
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   occasion'd
                   me
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   to
                   succeed
                   in
                   the
                   planting
                   of
                   young
                   Trees
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Roots
                   well
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   in
                   passable
                   good
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   has
                   never
                   been
                   Dung'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     What
                     Sort
                     of
                     Earth
                     is
                     most
                     proper
                     for
                     every
                     kind
                     of
                     Fruit-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Conclude
                   this
                   Second
                   Part
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   said
                   that
                   the
                   Wildlings
                   of
                   Pear-Trees
                   and
                   Apple-Trees
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   even
                   those
                   we
                   call
                   Paradice
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   Plum-Trees
                   and
                   
                     Fig
                     Trees
                  
                   agree
                   very
                   well
                   with
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   whether
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   ,
                   or
                   cold
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Ground
                   be
                   deep
                   enough
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   good
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   Foot
                   deep
                   ;
                   Fig-Trees
                   do
                   not
                   require
                   near
                   so
                   much
                   .
                
                 
                   Quince-Trees
                   do
                   not
                   thrive
                   well
                   in
                   dry
                   light
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   they
                   grow
                   yellow
                   too
                   easily
                   ;
                   Almond
                   and
                   Stone
                   Peach-Trees
                   thrive
                   better
                   in
                   this
                   than
                   in
                   strong
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   subject
                   to
                   Gumm
                   ;
                   those
                   strong
                   Earths
                   are
                   fitter
                   for
                   
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Merisiers
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   small
                   bitter
                   
                     Cherrys
                     ,
                     Goose-berries
                     ,
                     Raspberry
                     Bushes
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Vines
                  
                   thrive
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   produce
                   better
                   Grapes
                   and
                   better
                   Wine
                   in
                   certain
                   dry
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   strong
                   and
                   cold
                   
                     Earth
                     ;
                     Cherries
                  
                   thrive
                   pretty
                   well
                   in
                   dry
                   light
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   better
                   in
                   clear
                   Mould
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   Explain'd
                   what
                   sort
                   of
                   Earths
                   are
                   best
                   for
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   one
                   might
                   think
                   to
                   draw
                   necessary
                   Consequences
                   for
                   the
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Stocks
                   ;
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Pears
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   free
                   Stocks
                   or
                   Quince
                   ;
                   for
                   Peaches
                   upon
                   Plum
                   or
                   
                     Almond-Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   shall
                   declare
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   ,
                   Earth
                   has
                   not
                   the
                   same
                   Effect
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   Taste
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   has
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Vigor
                   of
                   
                     Trees
                     .
                     Winter
                     Bon
                     Chrestien
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Petitoin
                     ,
                     Lansac
                  
                   and
                   
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   will
                   always
                   remain
                   insipid
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   stony
                   or
                   meally
                   in
                   a
                   cold
                   moist
                   Ground
                   ,
                   whether
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   a
                   Wildling
                   or
                   Quince-Stock
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   Peaches
                   and
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   Those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   do
                   particularly
                   require
                   a
                   pretty
                   dry
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   as
                   is
                   drein'd
                   well
                   by
                   Gutters
                   ,
                   or
                   studied
                   Declivities
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   being
                   naturally
                   moist
                   :
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   generally
                   speaking
                   Trees
                   are
                   commonly
                   Vigorous
                   in
                   strong
                   Earth
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Fruit
                   seldom
                   acquires
                   that
                   delicacy
                   of
                   Taste
                   there
                   ,
                   it
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   the
                   which
                   they
                   meet
                   with
                   in
                   dryer
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   to
                   have
                   our
                   Gardens
                   well
                   Cultivated
                   by
                   Tillage
                   and
                   Amendments
                   ,
                   besides
                   this
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   very
                   clean
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   Walks
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   kept
                   very
                   free
                   from
                   Stones
                   and
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   always
                   firm
                   under
                   Foot
                   to
                   walk
                   conveniently
                   and
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   likewise
                   clear
                   from
                   Stones
                   and
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   the
                   Trees
                   always
                   free
                   from
                   
                     Caterpillars
                     ,
                     Snales
                  
                   and
                   
                     Moss
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   Finally
                   ,
                   useful
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   as
                   pleasing
                   ,
                   when
                   old
                   made
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   displeasing
                   when
                   new
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   particular
                   they
                   differ
                   from
                   Parterres
                   or
                   
                     Flowey
                     Gardens
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   never
                   so
                   neat
                   ,
                   or
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   very
                   day
                   
                   they
                   have
                   pass'd
                   through
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   Hands
                   ,
                   being
                   then
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   Flowers
                   newly
                   planted
                   ,
                   the
                   Walks
                   being
                   newly
                   Gravell'd
                   and
                   very
                   smooth
                   ,
                   the
                   Green
                   Turf
                   fresh
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   sine
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   the
                   Expression
                   ,
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   unlike
                   a
                   new
                   Bride
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   Powder
                   ,
                   Patches
                   ,
                   Ribbons
                   ,
                   Nosegays
                   ,
                   &c.
                   to
                   render
                   them
                   the
                   more
                   pleasing
                   ;
                   whereas
                   our
                   useful
                   Gardens
                   which
                   should
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   resemble
                   a
                   good
                   Housewife
                   ,
                   must
                   have
                   a
                   natural
                   unaffected
                   cleanness
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   studied
                   constrain'd
                   Adornments
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Second
                 Part.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 
              
               
                 OF
                 FRUIT-GARDENS
                 AND
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
                 VOL.
                 I.
                 PART
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   What
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   making
                   a
                   judicious
                   Choice
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   proportioning
                   and
                   placing
                   the
                   best
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   whether
                   
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     Wall-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Standards
                   .
                
              
               
                 AMONG
                 the
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 present
                 in
                 use
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 It
                 may
                 without
                 prejudice
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 so
                 Exquisite
                 and
                 Perfect
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 known
                 more
                 Delicious
                 to
                 the
                 Tast
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 hardly
                 any
                 Thing
                 more
                 useful
                 for
                 the
                 Health
                 :
                 And
                 accordingly
                 we
                 are
                 accustomed
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 frequent
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 are
                 almost
                 perswaded
                 to
                 Rank
                 them
                 among
                 Things
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 Life
                 ;
                 we
                 hardly
                 meet
                 with
                 any
                 body
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 without
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 almost
                 but
                 People
                 will
                 do
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 That
                 how
                 Magnificent
                 and
                 Abundant
                 soever
                 any
                 Great
                 Feasts
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 still
                 found
                 Fault
                 with
                 ,
                 if
                 Fair
                 and
                 Good
                 Fruits
                 be
                 wanting
                 to
                 set
                 out
                 their
                 Lustre
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 help
                 to
                 leave
                 behind
                 them
                 a
                 certain
                 Idea
                 of
                 Greatness
                 in
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 the
                 invited
                 Guests
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 also
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 most
                 sumptuous
                 and
                 stately
                 Country
                 Mansion
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 want
                 one
                 of
                 its
                 principal
                 Ornaments
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 accompanied
                 with
                 Fair
                 and
                 well
                 Planted
                 and
                 Contrived
                 Fruit-Gardens
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 nothing
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 careful
                 to
                 provide
                 us
                 almost
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 different
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 has
                 inspired
                 us
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Cultivate
                 those
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Climates
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 multiply
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 adding
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 
                 Foreign
                 Countries
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 to
                 speak
                 Truth
                 ;
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 abundance
                 she
                 has
                 blest
                 us
                 with
                 in
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Obligations
                 we
                 have
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 seems
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 all
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 besides
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 us
                 Live
                 and
                 Subsist
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 thought
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 were
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 Treasure
                 the
                 Gardens
                 afford
                 ,
                 a
                 Treasure
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 us
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Assistance
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 What
                 is
                 there
                 more
                 Precious
                 or
                 Commodious
                 to
                 Life
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 find
                 good
                 Fruit
                 Planted
                 in
                 all
                 inhabited
                 Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 Valuable
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 have
                 abundance
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 all
                 seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ?
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 a
                 goodly
                 Field
                 offers
                 it self
                 ,
                 were
                 I
                 minded
                 to
                 persue
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 praise
                 of
                 those
                 Rich
                 Presents
                 which
                 the
                 Earth
                 furnishes
                 us
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 obscurest
                 Forrests
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 horrid
                 Desarts
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 Task
                 that
                 belongs
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 my
                 Profession
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 less
                 is
                 it
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 my
                 present
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 as
                 I
                 am
                 sensible
                 how
                 uncapable
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 undertake
                 it
                 with
                 success
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 venture
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 shall
                 rather
                 confine
                 my self
                 within
                 the
                 modest
                 pleasure
                 of
                 Communicating
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 what
                 by
                 long
                 Experience
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 useful
                 to
                 Instruct
                 Men
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 Improvement
                 of
                 those
                 Master-pieces
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 to
                 add
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 Perfection
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 Industry
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 though
                 under
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 we
                 ordinarily
                 comprehend
                 all
                 the
                 productions
                 of
                 Gardens
                 that
                 go
                 under
                 that
                 Appellation
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 pretend
                 not
                 here
                 to
                 Treat
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Lesser
                 Classis
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Raspberries
                
                 or
                 Gooseberries
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 Muk-Melons
                 neither
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 certainly
                 Fruits
                 most
                 Excellent
                 in
                 their
                 kind
                 ;
                 they
                 being
                 Articles
                 I
                 reserve
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 in
                 our
                 Kitchen-Garden
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 constitute
                 a
                 Part
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 Treat
                 here
                 ,
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 on
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 Excel
                 in
                 their
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 proper
                 Seat
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 qualified
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 True
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Gardens
                 ;
                 for
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 indeed
                 of
                 such
                 sorts
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 doing
                 Honour
                 ,
                 do
                 rather
                 a
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Master
                 that
                 Cultivates
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 after
                 I
                 have
                 discoursed
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 Fruits
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 also
                 speak
                 of
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 Esteemed
                 by
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 cannot
                 proceed
                 any
                 further
                 without
                 taking
                 Notice
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 I
                 am
                 surprised
                 at
                 the
                 Contemplation
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Fruit
                 I
                 see
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 as
                 particular
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 to
                 particular
                 kinds
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 very
                 much
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 very
                 exact
                 Descriptions
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 their
                 Inside
                 as
                 Outside
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 of
                 Kernel-Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 with
                 Stones
                 or
                 Shells
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 Figs
                 and
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 be
                 afterward
                 seen
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Pears
                 only
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 affirm
                 with
                 Truth
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 Seen
                 ,
                 Tasted
                 and
                 Described
                 above
                 three
                 hundred
                 several
                 sorts
                 ,
                 all
                 different
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 without
                 finding
                 all
                 this
                 while
                 above
                 thirty
                 Kinds
                 that
                 were
                 Excellent
                 enough
                 to
                 my
                 Taste
                 ,
                 to
                 merit
                 the
                 Character
                 of
                 having
                 regularly
                 more
                 good
                 Qualities
                 than
                 bad
                 ones
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 expect
                 to
                 find
                 some
                 curious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 whom
                 my
                 Opinion
                 in
                 matter
                 of
                 Choice
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 please
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 :
                 But
                 let
                 them
                 permit
                 me
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 most
                 humble
                 Request
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 they
                 censure
                 the
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 or
                 Dislike
                 I
                 express
                 for
                 certain
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 first
                 Examin
                 very
                 particularly
                 my
                 Intention
                 ,
                 which
                 chiefly
                 tends
                 to
                 the
                 Establishing
                 a
                 continual
                 Succession
                 of
                 choice
                 good
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 Remember
                 ,
                 that
                 Peoples
                 particular
                 Palates
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 disputed
                 ;
                 that
                 being
                 an
                 incontestable
                 Point
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 allowances
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 fickleness
                 of
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 the
                 Masters
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 diversity
                 of
                 Soils
                 and
                 Climates
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 almost
                 infinite
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 sometimes
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 Bad
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 to
                 the
                 Manner
                 or
                 Figure
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 several
                 Trees
                 grow
                 and
                 produce
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 points
                 that
                 require
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 much
                 serve
                 to
                 Ballance
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 would
                 judge
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 sometimes
                 ill
                 Pears
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 among
                 the
                 Virgoulees
                 ,
                 the
                 Lechasserees
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambrets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Thorn
                   Pears
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 but
                 Scurvy
                 Peaches
                 among
                 the
                 Minions
                 ,
                 the
                 Maudlins
                 ,
                 the
                 Violets
                 ,
                 the
                 Admirables
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 in
                 Fine
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 bad
                 Plumbs
                 among
                 the
                 Perdrigons
                 ,
                 some
                 bad
                 Grapes
                 among
                 the
                 Muscats
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 bad
                 Figgs
                 among
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 Esteemed
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 enough
                 to
                 astonish
                 any
                 Curious
                 Person
                 that
                 has
                 applied
                 himself
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 to
                 search
                 into
                 their
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 I
                 be
                 excusable
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 so
                 disingenuous
                 as
                 to
                 suppress
                 the
                 great
                 Observations
                 and
                 useful
                 Reflections
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 at
                 last
                 drawn
                 this
                 Conclusion
                 ;
                 That
                 although
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 sort
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 defective
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 follows
                 not
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 kind
                 should
                 therefore
                 be
                 rejected
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 put
                 any
                 great
                 value
                 upon
                 another
                 kind
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 though
                 known
                 ,
                 by
                 competent
                 Judges
                 in
                 matter
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 bad
                 sort
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 by
                 some
                 lucky
                 hit
                 ;
                 have
                 yielded
                 some
                 tolerable
                 good
                 ones
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 less
                 delicate
                 Palates
                 
                 may
                 be
                 Enamoured
                 with
                 ?
                 For
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 agreed
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 Fruits
                 considered
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Nature
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 three
                 Classes
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 very
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 very
                 bad
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 cannot
                 well
                 be
                 comprehended
                 under
                 neither
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 but
                 can
                 only
                 be
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 Fruits
                 simply
                 tolerable
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 indifferently
                 qualified
                 ;
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 only
                 those
                 of
                 this
                 last
                 Rank
                 ,
                 that
                 finding
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 some
                 Friends
                 and
                 Patrons
                 ,
                 give
                 occasion
                 to
                 all
                 Disputes
                 arising
                 about
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 for
                 seldom
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 all
                 are
                 unanimous
                 in
                 Praising
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 and
                 Rejecting
                 the
                 Second
                 Sort
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 a
                 good
                 Russet
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Virgoulee
                   Pear
                
                 is
                 generally
                 Esteemed
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 
                   Parmain
                   Pear
                
                 or
                 Pear
                 of
                 Fontarabie
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 decried
                 every
                 where
                 ;
                 But
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 with
                 a
                 Doyenuee
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Dean
                   Pear
                
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 St.
                 Lezin
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 Fruit
                 may
                 prove
                 ill
                 one
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 such
                 certain
                 Expositions
                 or
                 Placings
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 have
                 appeared
                 good
                 several
                 years
                 before
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 other
                 Expositions
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 Fruit
                 may
                 prove
                 good
                 this
                 year
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 endured
                 some
                 preceding
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 ,
                 in
                 Fine
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 also
                 agreed
                 on
                 all
                 hands
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 Soli
                 ,
                 Climate
                 and
                 Figure
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 such
                 Fruit
                 proves
                 good
                 ,
                 that
                 always
                 regularly
                 proves
                 bad
                 in
                 a
                 different
                 Climate
                 ,
                 in
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 kind
                 of
                 Figured
                 Tree
                 .
                 For
                 Example
                 ,
                 That
                 which
                 perhaps
                 produces
                 good
                 Fruit
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 and
                 open
                 Air
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 produce
                 nothing
                 nigh
                 so
                 good
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Dwarf
                 Tree
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Nor
                 every
                 Plant
                 that
                 prospers
                 against
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Destiny
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Air
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Nor
                 every
                 Fruit
                 that
                 proves
                 good
                 in
                 a
                 Sandy
                 Soil
                 ,
                 arrive
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 perfection
                 in
                 a
                 moister
                 Ground
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 as
                 exact
                 a
                 Discussion
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 decision
                 in
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 Choice
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 Preference
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 scope
                 of
                 my
                 present
                 discourse
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 yet
                 attained
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Sorts
                 of
                 good
                 Fruit
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 less
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 ;
                 there
                 may
                 perhaps
                 be
                 some
                 which
                 might
                 thrive
                 in
                 our
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 Excellence
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 once
                 known
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 might
                 induce
                 me
                 to
                 make
                 some
                 alteration
                 in
                 the
                 disposition
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 to
                 Establish
                 ;
                 I
                 grant
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 thing
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 perswaded
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 new
                 sorts
                 produced
                 ,
                 so
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 say
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 some
                 sorts
                 may
                 be
                 discovered
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 having
                 remained
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 Obscurity
                 of
                 certain
                 remote
                 Regions
                 ,
                 may
                 come
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 and
                 admired
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 several
                 sorts
                 amongst
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 now
                 reckoned
                 most
                 exquisite
                 among
                 us
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 dare
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 mention
                 was
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 years
                 of
                 my
                 Application
                 to
                 Curiosities
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 fail
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 Advantage
                 of
                 all
                 such
                 Novelties
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 come
                 to
                 our
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 heartily
                 exhort
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 shall
                 see
                 this
                 Treatise
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 testifie
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 the
                 same
                 Zeal
                 which
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 ,
                 I
                 make
                 profession
                 of
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 at
                 last
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 venture
                 to
                 speak
                 my
                 particular
                 Thoughts
                 concerning
                 this
                 matter
                 of
                 the
                 choice
                 and
                 proportion
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Labour
                 and
                 Experience
                 in
                 their
                 Cultivation
                 ;
                 my
                 design
                 in
                 so
                 doing
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 give
                 such
                 advices
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 securely
                 followed
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 assured
                 success
                 practised
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 Climats
                 any
                 thing
                 like
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 in
                 prospect
                 of
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 entertained
                 above
                 these
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 ,
                 a
                 particular
                 correspondence
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Curious
                 of
                 our
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 at
                 Paris
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 our
                 Provinces
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Foreign
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 my
                 study
                 to
                 procure
                 every
                 where
                 as
                 many
                 Illustrious
                 Friends
                 in
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 of
                 Gardning
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 might
                 profit
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 was
                 possible
                 by
                 their
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 rich
                 Acquisitions
                 ,
                 while
                 I
                 endeavoured
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 unuseful
                 to
                 them
                 on
                 my
                 side
                 ;
                 And
                 as
                 I
                 can
                 affirm
                 without
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 that
                 hitherto
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 succeeded
                 amiss
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 World
                 may
                 be
                 assured
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 will
                 never
                 discontinue
                 to
                 Labour
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Care
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 into
                 our
                 own
                 Soil
                 ,
                 what
                 Fruits
                 are
                 most
                 considerable
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Word
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 pretend
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Satisfie
                 and
                 Regulate
                 my
                 own
                 Curiosity
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 small
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 that
                 of
                 other
                 honest
                 and
                 ingenious
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Gard'ning
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 eager
                 than
                 mine
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 discommendable
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 always
                 upon
                 the
                 Quest
                 of
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 some
                 new
                 Fruits
                 still
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 deserve
                 our
                 Care
                 and
                 Cultivation
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 what
                 I
                 am
                 always
                 doing
                 without
                 intermission
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 present
                 we
                 are
                 already
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 boast
                 of
                 a
                 store
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Form
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchards
                 reasonably
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 Fruits
                 for
                 all
                 Seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 I
                 believe
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 great
                 necessity
                 we
                 should
                 be
                 over
                 solicitous
                 in
                 seeking
                 out
                 any
                 more
                 :
                 About
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 ,
                 or
                 thirty
                 years
                 ago
                 ,
                 we
                 could
                 not
                 have
                 said
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 an
                 undoubted
                 truth
                 ,
                 that
                 our
                 Fathers
                 were
                 much
                 less
                 rich
                 in
                 these
                 delicious
                 Treasures
                 than
                 we
                 .
              
               
               
                 However
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 but
                 ingeniously
                 acknowledge
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 March
                 and
                 April
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 happily
                 provided
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 wanting
                 good
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 tender
                 and
                 buttery
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 that
                 remain
                 for
                 the
                 spending
                 of
                 those
                 Months
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 Gift
                 to
                 please
                 like
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 as
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 themselves
                 had
                 formerly
                 ,
                 they
                 seeming
                 every
                 day
                 to
                 lose
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 but
                 till
                 we
                 have
                 better
                 to
                 fill
                 up
                 their
                 Places
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 them
                 we
                 have
                 ;
                 though
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 whole
                 matter
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 we
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 over
                 unhappy
                 ,
                 if
                 our
                 Boncretien-Pears
                 which
                 are
                 last
                 ripe
                 ,
                 be
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 good
                 Qualities
                 they
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 doubt
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 very
                 good
                 ones
                 even
                 in
                 that
                 Season
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 those
                 Apples
                 that
                 are
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 usually
                 last
                 till
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 satisfie
                 well
                 enough
                 some
                 curious
                 Palats
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 say
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 any
                 great
                 number
                 ,
                 nor
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Sorts
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 better
                 Establishing
                 therefore
                 and
                 authorizing
                 my
                 Judgment
                 in
                 such
                 Fruits
                 as
                 are
                 known
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 assure
                 you
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 may
                 believe
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 only
                 content
                 with
                 seeing
                 ,
                 tasting
                 and
                 examining
                 them
                 my self
                 for
                 several
                 Years
                 together
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 partiality
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 I
                 would
                 neglect
                 nothing
                 that
                 might
                 assist
                 me
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 well-grounded
                 determination
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 held
                 frequent
                 Assemblies
                 of
                 curious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 who
                 were
                 perfectly
                 well
                 skill'd
                 in
                 things
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 were
                 perhaps
                 Men
                 of
                 as
                 delicate
                 and
                 exquisite
                 Palats
                 as
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 so
                 many
                 Precautions
                 and
                 Experiences
                 ,
                 I
                 at
                 last
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 undertake
                 this
                 Treatise
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 occasion
                 to
                 declare
                 what
                 is
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 in
                 each
                 particular
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 different
                 names
                 under
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 disguised
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 different
                 Countries
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 found
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 Fruits
                 that
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 among
                 Pears
                 ;
                 as
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 the
                 Boncretien
                 ,
                 the
                 Russeleit
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Buttred
                   Pear
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Messire
                   John
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Portal
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 is
                 but
                 very
                 slender
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 other
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Apples
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 it
                 is
                 quite
                 another
                 case
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 without
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 more
                 Names
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 I
                 thought
                 my self
                 obliged
                 first
                 ,
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 the
                 Picture
                 and
                 Description
                 of
                 each
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 big
                 enough
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 more
                 lively
                 Instruction
                 for
                 a
                 thing
                 which
                 I
                 judge
                 necessary
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 learn
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 distinguish
                 more
                 easily
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 Eye
                 as
                 the
                 Taste
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 true
                 Name
                 which
                 each
                 respective
                 Fruit
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 use
                 among
                 the
                 Able
                 and
                 Curious
                 in
                 these
                 Matters
                 at
                 Court
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 these
                 as
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 being
                 apt
                 to
                 follow
                 exactly
                 the
                 Modes
                 and
                 Manners
                 practised
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 such
                 Determination
                 of
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 each
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 well
                 Authorized
                 by
                 the
                 Description
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 ,
                 I
                 hope
                 ,
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 Gentlemen
                 will
                 no
                 more
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Inconvenience
                 of
                 being
                 pesterd
                 with
                 bad
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 good
                 Ones
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 having
                 one
                 sort
                 under
                 different
                 Names
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 conseqnently
                 of
                 being
                 so
                 imposed
                 on
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 believe
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 sorts
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Trees
                 in
                 their
                 Gardens
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 place
                 those
                 Descriptions
                 in
                 such
                 passages
                 where
                 I
                 shall
                 decide
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 each
                 Fruit
                 in
                 particular
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 said
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 intended
                 only
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 will
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 read
                 them
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 desire
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 resolved
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 good
                 sorts
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 proportion
                 of
                 each
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 observe
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Gardens
                 ;
                 they
                 will
                 find
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 part
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Abridgment
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 may
                 presently
                 satisfie
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 Place
                 ,
                 I
                 thought
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 conducing
                 to
                 my
                 purpose
                 ,
                 to
                 suppose
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 to
                 give
                 my
                 advice
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 new
                 curious
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 all
                 desirous
                 to
                 be
                 planting
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 much
                 perplexed
                 how
                 to
                 determine
                 either
                 what
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 numbers
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 they
                 shall
                 fix
                 upon
                 .
              
               
                 Whereof
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 has
                 not
                 room
                 for
                 above
                 one
                 Plant
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Dwarf-Tree
                 or
                 a
                 Wall-Tree
                 ;
                 a
                 Second
                 has
                 place
                 but
                 for
                 two
                 ,
                 but
                 another
                 has
                 room
                 for
                 a
                 hundred
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 for
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 studying
                 what
                 Choice
                 to
                 fix
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 eagerness
                 too
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 hot
                 upon
                 the
                 Design
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 Young
                 
                 Curioso's
                 in
                 Gard'ning
                 ,
                 who
                 always
                 are
                 big
                 with
                 longing
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Gardens
                 made
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 quickly
                 too
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 know
                 where
                 to
                 begin
                 ,
                 having
                 yet
                 received
                 no
                 directions
                 from
                 any
                 body
                 Skill'd
                 in
                 those
                 Affairs
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 ease
                 them
                 therefore
                 of
                 their
                 Pain
                 and
                 Perplexity
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 fancy
                 my self
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 one
                 after
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 Counsel
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 I
                 would
                 actually
                 do
                 my self
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 that
                 to
                 do
                 which
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 undertake
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 sometimes
                 you
                 must
                 suppose
                 me
                 some
                 curious
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 
                 would
                 plant
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Garden
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 one
                 that
                 would
                 cultivate
                 but
                 a
                 middling
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 another
                 that
                 would
                 form
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 one
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 shall
                 act
                 all
                 these
                 several
                 Personages
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 my
                 more
                 effectual
                 Assistance
                 in
                 well-forming
                 new
                 Plantations
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 reforming
                 old
                 ones
                 too
                 ,
                 when
                 ill
                 contriv'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 I
                 pretend
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 time
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Gentlemen
                 that
                 will
                 take
                 my
                 Advice
                 ,
                 shall
                 infallibly
                 find
                 that
                 pleasure
                 in
                 his
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 proposed
                 to
                 himself
                 to
                 enjoy
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 objected
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 ordinary
                 to
                 have
                 Gardens
                 so
                 little
                 to
                 admit
                 of
                 the
                 planting
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 ;
                 but
                 though
                 that
                 were
                 true
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 ,
                 witness
                 the
                 little
                 Gardens
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Religious
                 People
                 in
                 Convents
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 petty
                 Burgesses
                 in
                 Cities
                 ,
                 &c.
                 yet
                 would
                 I
                 demand
                 the
                 Liberty
                 to
                 suppose
                 such
                 a
                 Case
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 not
                 only
                 serviceable
                 to
                 my
                 Design
                 ;
                 but
                 which
                 appears
                 to
                 me
                 more
                 necessary
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 me
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 advantageously
                 understood
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 being
                 then
                 supposed
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 first
                 advertise
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 among
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 whether
                 Kernel
                 or
                 Stone
                 -
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 willingly
                 plant
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 
                 a
                 certain
                 bigness
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 esteem
                 enough
                 for
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 a
                 smaller
                 Extent
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 easie
                 enough
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 one
                 to
                 receive
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 one
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 same
                 Consequence
                 from
                 great
                 to
                 less
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 appear
                 to
                 me
                 so
                 feasible
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 different
                 Manners
                 and
                 Forms
                 of
                 having
                 
                   Fruit
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 advertise
                 you
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Pears
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 seldom
                 plant
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Form
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Dwarf-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Buttred
                   Pears
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Beurrees
                 and
                 
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 and
                 others
                 again
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 more
                 willingly
                 raise
                 in
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 high
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 an
                 indifferent
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 doughy
                 and
                 insipid
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Petit-oins
                 ,
                 the
                 Sucré-verts
                 or
                 Sugred-greens
                 ,
                 the
                 Thorn-pears
                 ,
                 the
                 Louise-bonnes
                 or
                 good
                 Louisas
                 ,
                 the
                 Lansacs
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 regularly
                 bear
                 not
                 well
                 any
                 where
                 else
                 but
                 against
                 Walls
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   Little
                   Muscats
                
                 or
                 
                   Musk
                   pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 and
                 others
                 again
                 that
                 will
                 prosper
                 well
                 enough
                 in
                 what
                 Figure
                 or
                 Place
                 soever
                 you
                 plant
                 them
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Russelets
                   ,
                   Robines
                   ,
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   St.
                   Germains
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 There
                 being
                 also
                 Soils
                 of
                 several
                 Natures
                 ,
                 and
                 Gardens
                 of
                 different
                 Situations
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 likewise
                 advertise
                 you
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Fruits
                 which
                 delight
                 only
                 in
                 dry
                 Grounds
                 ;
                 as
                 ,
                 
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Muscats
                
                 or
                 
                   Musk
                   pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 prosper
                 well
                 enough
                 in
                 Soils
                 that
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 moist
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Plumbs
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 Grounds
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 agree
                 indifferently
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plants
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 Peaches
                 upon
                 
                   Plum-tree
                   Stocks
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Pear-tree
                   Graffs
                
                 upon
                 
                   Quince
                   Stocks
                
                 ,
                 love
                 rather
                 fat
                 than
                 dry
                 Soils
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Peach-graffes
                 upon
                 Almond-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Pear-tree-graffs
                 upon
                 Frank
                 or
                 Good-Kernel-Stocks
                 ,
                 prospering
                 both
                 well
                 in
                 Sandy
                 Grounds
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Fruits
                 that
                 do
                 not
                 ripen
                 well
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 very
                 well
                 sheltred
                 from
                 the
                 Cold
                 :
                 as
                 Muscat
                 and
                 Figs
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 about
                 Paris
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 endure
                 well
                 enough
                 the
                 open
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 Red
                 Fruits
                 and
                 most
                 Kernel
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 and
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 moist
                 Grounds
                 are
                 proper
                 to
                 produce
                 large
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 so
                 delicate
                 ,
                 without
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Care
                 and
                 Cultivation
                 ,
                 whereas
                 dry
                 Soils
                 are
                 qualified
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 delicious
                 Taste
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 yield
                 but
                 small
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 extraordinarily
                 assisted
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 having
                 designed
                 to
                 give
                 my
                 Advice
                 upon
                 all
                 these
                 Differences
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Differences
                 of
                 Extent
                 of
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Differences
                 of
                 Expositions
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Differences
                 of
                 Soils
                 and
                 their
                 Situations
                 ,
                 the
                 Differences
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Forms
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Stocks
                 on
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 Graffed
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 to
                 give
                 my
                 particular
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Directions
                 about
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   viz.
                   1st
                
                 .
                 how
                 to
                 chuse
                 the
                 best
                 :
                 2dly
                 ,
                 How
                 among
                 those
                 best
                 ,
                 to
                 cull
                 out
                 those
                 only
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 likely
                 to
                 prosper
                 in
                 that
                 particular
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 planted
                 :
                 3dly
                 ,
                 How
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 each
                 Tree
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 most
                 necessary
                 for
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 4thly
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 How
                 to
                 observe
                 a
                 just
                 proportion
                 between
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Trees
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 pursue
                 this
                 Method
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 Kernel
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 beginning
                 first
                 with
                 Pear-trees
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 first
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 may
                 succeed
                 best
                 upon
                 
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ;
                   2dly
                
                 ,
                 Which
                 may
                 be
                 most
                 happily
                 planted
                 in
                 Form
                 of
                 
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   :
                   3dly
                
                 ,
                 Which
                 require
                 to
                 be
                 placed
                 against
                 Walls
                 :
                 And
                 4thly
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 give
                 Satisfaction
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 ways
                 :
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 succinctly
                 deliver
                 my
                 Judgment
                 as
                 to
                 Apples
                 ,
                 remarking
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 esteem
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 least
                 ,
                 whether
                 to
                 be
                 rear'd
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 Standards
                 ,
                 
                 not
                 thinking
                 it
                 worth
                 any
                 ones
                 while
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 themselves
                 the
                 Pains
                 of
                 Planting
                 them
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Fashion
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 making
                 Wall-Fruit
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 when
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 Order
                 how
                 to
                 fill
                 up
                 with
                 Dwarf-trees
                 and
                 Standards
                 ,
                 the
                 middle
                 Space
                 of
                 each
                 Garden
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 proceed
                 afterward
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 curious
                 part
                 reckon'd
                 in
                 all
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 Wall-Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 shew
                 in
                 what
                 manner
                 I
                 judge
                 any
                 Gentleman
                 may
                 most
                 usefully
                 employ
                 what
                 walling
                 he
                 has
                 ,
                 let
                 its
                 Extent
                 in
                 length
                 or
                 heighth
                 be
                 what
                 it
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Fruits
                 will
                 best
                 merit
                 place
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 are
                 unworthy
                 of
                 that
                 choice
                 Station
                 ;
                 under
                 which
                 Head
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 treat
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 Plumbs
                 and
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 of
                 
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 and
                 shall
                 tell
                 what
                 Fruits
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Sorts
                 ,
                 delight
                 in
                 such
                 and
                 such
                 certain
                 Expositions
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 hardly
                 endure
                 any
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 Temper
                 good
                 enough
                 to
                 agree
                 indifferently
                 with
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 I
                 shall
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 give
                 Counsel
                 about
                 the
                 choice
                 and
                 proportion
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 Article
                 ,
                 in
                 speaking
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 great
                 Difference
                 between
                 those
                 curious
                 Gentlemen
                 that
                 aim
                 at
                 the
                 pleasing
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Palats
                 ,
                 only
                 in
                 Planting
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 do
                 it
                 only
                 with
                 design
                 to
                 sell
                 their
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 whom
                 I
                 aim
                 chiefly
                 to
                 gratifie
                 in
                 this
                 Treatise
                 ,
                 ought
                 above
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 term
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 true
                 intrinsick
                 Merit
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 discernible
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Taste
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 that
                 of
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 for
                 whose
                 Entertainment
                 they
                 design
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 need
                 to
                 regard
                 little
                 else
                 in
                 them
                 but
                 the
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 the
                 Largeness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Fruitfulness
                 and
                 Abundance
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 see
                 they
                 be
                 of
                 those
                 ancient
                 Kinds
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 commonly
                 Sold
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 off
                 best
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Orange-pear
                 ,
                 the
                 Two-headed
                 Pear
                 ,
                 the
                 dry
                 
                   Martin
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 in
                 those
                 Qualities
                 carry
                 it
                 by
                 many
                 Degrees
                 above
                 the
                 Thorn-pear
                 ,
                 the
                 Leschasserie
                 ,
                 the
                 Petit-oin
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Crasane
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Cultivation
                 ,
                 I
                 make
                 no
                 great
                 Distinction
                 between
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 
                 (
                 though
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 this
                 Maxim
                 too
                 rigorously
                 understood
                 )
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 commonly
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Expences
                 they
                 have
                 cost
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 bring
                 forth
                 the
                 greatest
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 rather
                 a
                 moderate
                 Number
                 ,
                 well
                 contriv'd
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 cultivated
                 ,
                 that
                 gives
                 the
                 most
                 compleat
                 Satisfaction
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Care
                 that
                 is
                 necessary
                 and
                 sufficient
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 Cultivation
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 ordinary
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Plants
                 in
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 ,
                 will
                 go
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 in
                 producing
                 any
                 happy
                 Effects
                 in
                 greater
                 Undertakings
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 must
                 reduce
                 our selves
                 to
                 midling
                 ones
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 pretend
                 to
                 any
                 very
                 certain
                 success
                 by
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 Culture
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 this
                 precaution
                 however
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 little
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 certain
                 Man
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 great
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 reckon'd
                 too
                 great
                 an
                 Undertaking
                 for
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 Curious
                 Person
                 that
                 wants
                 those
                 Conveniences
                 some
                 have
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 too
                 small
                 a
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 better
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Means
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Cultivation
                 of
                 his
                 Grounds
                 .
                 
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 in
                 sine
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 hardly
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Work
                 which
                 needs
                 more
                 Prudence
                 in
                 undertaking
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 I
                 wish
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 malignant
                 Disposition
                 there
                 appears
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 fall
                 under
                 the
                 subject
                 of
                 Gard'ning
                 ,
                 to
                 decline
                 rather
                 from
                 evil
                 to
                 worse
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 improve
                 from
                 good
                 to
                 better
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 say
                 with
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 we
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 a
                 formidable
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 always
                 laying
                 Ambushes
                 against
                 us
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 merciless
                 Creditor
                 that
                 gives
                 us
                 no
                 respite
                 for
                 the
                 paying
                 him
                 his
                 Debts
                 ;
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 furious
                 Adversary
                 that
                 infallibly
                 crushes
                 us
                 to
                 pieces
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 be
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 throw
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Shock
                 :
                 Or
                 lastly
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 rapid
                 River
                 ,
                 against
                 whose
                 Stream
                 we
                 must
                 be
                 continually
                 tugging
                 up
                 our
                 Boat
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 force
                 we
                 can
                 of
                 Sails
                 and
                 Oars
                 .
                 
              
               
                 And
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 have
                 rendred
                 you
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Method
                 I
                 think
                 my self
                 obliged
                 to
                 observe
                 in
                 this
                 Treatise
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 further
                 expedient
                 clearly
                 to
                 explain
                 to
                 you
                 what
                 my
                 Taste
                 and
                 Judgment
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 in
                 Pears
                 ;
                 that
                 after
                 I
                 have
                 declared
                 what
                 pleases
                 or
                 displeases
                 me
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 eaten
                 Raw
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 good
                 without
                 Baking
                 or
                 Preserving
                 :
                 No
                 Body
                 may
                 be
                 surprized
                 at
                 the
                 Praises
                 I
                 shall
                 bestow
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 small
                 Account
                 I
                 make
                 of
                 some
                 others
                 ;
                 
                 being
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 guided
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Dictates
                 of
                 my
                 own
                 Palate
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 be
                 confidently
                 perswaded
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 found
                 much
                 differing
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 for
                 raw
                 Pears
                 ,
                 I
                 love
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Butter-like
                 and
                 smooth
                 Pulp
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 tender
                 and
                 delicate
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 sweet
                 sugred
                 and
                 well
                 relish'd
                 Juice
                 ;
                 and
                 especially
                 when
                 these
                 Perfections
                 are
                 set
                 off
                 with
                 something
                 of
                 a
                 Perfume
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 Bergamot-pears
                 ,
                 the
                 Verte-longues
                 or
                 Green-longs
                 ,
                 the
                 Beurrees
                 or
                 
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   Russelets
                   ,
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   Marquises
                
                 or
                 
                   Marchionesses
                   ,
                   
                   Petit-oins
                   ,
                   Winter
                   Thorn
                   pears
                
                 or
                 
                   Espines
                   de
                   Hyver
                   ,
                   St.
                   Germains
                   ,
                   Salviatis
                   ,
                   Lansacs
                   ,
                   Crasanes
                   ,
                
                 little
                 Muscats
                 or
                 
                   Musk-pears
                   ,
                   Cuisse-Madames
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Lady-Thighs
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 sorts
                 ,
                 I
                 love
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 Pulp
                 that
                 breaks
                 short
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 sweet
                 and
                 surged
                 Juice
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 sometimes
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 smack
                 of
                 Perfume
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Winter-Boncretien
                 ,
                 gathered
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 place
                 ,
                 the
                 Robine
                 ,
                 the
                 Cassolet
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Summer
                   Musk
                   Boncretien
                
                 ,
                 the
                 dry
                 Martin
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 even
                 the
                 Portal
                 ,
                 the
                 Messire-John
                 ,
                 the
                 Orange-green-pear
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 third
                 place
                 ,
                 I
                 truly
                 esteem
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 pretty
                 much
                 perfum'd
                 and
                 well
                 scented
                 ;
                 though
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 care
                 this
                 Perfection
                 should
                 be
                 inclosed
                 in
                 a
                 Pulp
                 that
                 is
                 extream
                 hard
                 ,
                 stony
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 dreggy
                 Matter
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Amadote
                 ,
                 the
                 Thick-tail
                 or
                 Grosse-queuë
                 ,
                 the
                 Citronpear
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 
                   Winter
                   Musk
                   pear
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 For
                 that
                 hardness
                 and
                 stoniness
                 do
                 so
                 much
                 disgust
                 me
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 I
                 passionately
                 love
                 a
                 little
                 Smack
                 of
                 Perfume
                 in
                 any
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 yet
                 those
                 two
                 great
                 Faults
                 do
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Measure
                 ruine
                 the
                 esteem
                 I
                 should
                 have
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 kind
                 of
                 Musked-pears
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 last
                 mentioned
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 having
                 thus
                 expressed
                 what
                 pleases
                 me
                 in
                 raw
                 Pears
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 very
                 hard
                 matter
                 to
                 guess
                 what
                 may
                 particularly
                 displease
                 me
                 in
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 doubtless
                 is
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 a
                 Pulp
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 Butter-like
                 ,
                 smooth
                 and
                 tender
                 substance
                 ,
                 or
                 pleasingly
                 short
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 is
                 doughy
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Bellissime
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Musked
                   Beurree
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   White
                   Beurree
                
                 or
                 Gravel-pear
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Musked
                   Valley-pear
                
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Doynnees
                 or
                 Dean-pears
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Or
                 which
                 is
                 sharp
                 or
                 sour
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 
                   Valley-pear
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Or
                 that
                 is
                 hard
                 and
                 tough
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Bernardiere
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Mountain
                   Foundling
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Or
                 full
                 of
                 stony
                 and
                 dreggy
                 Earthy
                 Matter
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Musked
                   Pernan
                
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Milet
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Or
                 that
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 wildish
                 Taste
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Gilogile
                 ,
                 the
                 Dutch-pears
                 or
                 Fosse-pears
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 numerous
                 Train
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 will
                 make
                 a
                 particular
                 Catalogue
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Pears
                 to
                 Stew
                 or
                 Bake
                 ,
                 I
                 prefer
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 large
                 ,
                 that
                 Colour
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 doing
                 ,
                 whose
                 Pulp
                 is
                 sweet
                 and
                 somewhat
                 firm
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 keep
                 the
                 longest
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 Frank-reals
                 ,
                 the
                 Double-flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Donvilles
                 :
                 The
                 Boneretien
                 particularly
                 is
                 admirably
                 good
                 prepared
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 ways
                 ,
                 only
                 its
                 preparation
                 yields
                 not
                 so
                 pleasing
                 a
                 Colour
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 Pear
                 among
                 them
                 that
                 is
                 defective
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Shape
                 or
                 Colour
                 ,
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 served
                 up
                 only
                 Baked
                 ,
                 Stewed
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 Prepared
                 ;
                 the
                 Boncretien-pear
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 none
                 of
                 those
                 Defects
                 ,
                 requiring
                 and
                 well
                 deserving
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 its
                 natural
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 served
                 up
                 raw
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 Amadote
                 ,
                 the
                 Besidery
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Lansac-pear
                 for
                 Autumn
                 ;
                 and
                 generally
                 all
                 the
                 Winter-pears
                 that
                 are
                 good
                 raw
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Virgoulee
                 ,
                 the
                 Louisse-bonne
                 or
                 good
                 Louisa
                 ,
                 the
                 dry
                 Martin
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   St.
                   Lezin
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 are
                 admirable
                 baked
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 prepared
                 by
                 Fire
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 done
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 quite
                 ripe
                 ,
                 because
                 otherwise
                 their
                 consistence
                 will
                 be
                 too
                 soft
                 and
                 doughy
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Winter
                   Certeau
                
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 too
                 small
                 to
                 be
                 kindly
                 produced
                 upon
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 better
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 
                   Standard
                   Tree
                
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Apple-Orchards
                 :
                 The
                 Gatelier
                 resolves
                 it self
                 too
                 soon
                 into
                 Marmalade
                 ;
                 the
                 Catillac
                 ,
                 the
                 Fontarabie
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Parmain-pear
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 are
                 endued
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Tartness
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Sugar
                 can
                 qualifie
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pound-pears
                 and
                 Love-pears
                 are
                 so
                 near
                 a-kin
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 almost
                 be
                 reckoned
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Rank
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 these
                 first
                 Observations
                 I
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Soil
                 you
                 are
                 consin'd
                 within
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 very
                 small
                 Extent
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 having
                 room
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 Number
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 you
                 cannot
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 one
                 Stock
                 of
                 each
                 ,
                 though
                 Choice
                 were
                 made
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 prime
                 Sorts
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Case
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 amiss
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Trees
                 would
                 suffer
                 the
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 have
                 two
                 excellent
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 of
                 two
                 different
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 upon
                 every
                 Stock
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 a
                 Boncretien
                 with
                 a
                 Beurree
                 or
                 
                   Buttred
                   pear
                
                 ;
                 a
                 Leschasserie
                 with
                 an
                 Ambret
                 ;
                 a
                 Violet-peach
                 with
                 a
                 Minion
                 ;
                 a
                 
                   White
                   Maudlin
                
                 with
                 an
                 
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 several
                 Reasons
                 to
                 justifie
                 the
                 graffing
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Diversity
                 of
                 Fruits
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Stock
                 be
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 shoots
                 forth
                 promising
                 Branches
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Enterprize
                 would
                 prove
                 succesless
                 ,
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 graff
                 upon
                 that
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 that
                 is
                 weak
                 ,
                 with
                 any
                 hopes
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 Fruit
                 there
                 ,
                 either
                 so
                 good
                 or
                 for
                 so
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 that
                 side
                 which
                 is
                 sound
                 and
                 vigorous
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 I
                 declare
                 my self
                 a
                 sworn
                 Enemy
                 to
                 all
                 affected
                 Multiplicity
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 some
                 that
                 pass
                 for
                 curious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 that
                 believe
                 and
                 assert
                 publickly
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 that
                 pretend
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 like
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 in
                 it
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 something
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 some
                 whose
                 Palate
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 delicate
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 brag
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 hundred
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 warrant
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 not
                 bad
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 affirm
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Plumbs
                   ,
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 also
                 boast
                 to
                 be
                 stored
                 with
                 an
                 incredible
                 Variety
                 .
              
               
               
                 Such
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Fruits
                 does
                 but
                 fright
                 me
                 ,
                 as
                 certainly
                 knowing
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 true
                 of
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Goodness
                 ;
                 And
                 ,
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 find
                 in
                 my
                 Heart
                 with
                 the
                 Curious
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 ,
                 to
                 trouble
                 my self
                 to
                 get
                 for
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Season
                 one
                 good
                 Pear
                 and
                 several
                 others
                 but
                 indifferent
                 ;
                 how
                 fair
                 soever
                 the
                 later
                 may
                 appear
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 much
                 rather
                 chuse
                 to
                 multiply
                 those
                 Sorts
                 which
                 are
                 infallibly
                 good
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 have
                 ,
                 during
                 any
                 one
                 Season
                 ,
                 a
                 sufficient
                 store
                 of
                 one
                 sort
                 that
                 is
                 excellent
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 let
                 my
                 Fancy
                 be
                 led
                 away
                 after
                 a
                 compound
                 diversity
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 perhaps
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Sight
                 ;
                 but
                 are
                 assuredly
                 disgustful
                 to
                 the
                 Taste
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 at
                 best
                 ,
                 qualified
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 indifferent
                 degree
                 of
                 Goodness
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 plainer
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Goodness
                 accompanied
                 with
                 several
                 great
                 Defects
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 pleasing
                 in
                 a
                 Company
                 that
                 are
                 Curious
                 ,
                 and
                 Passionate
                 Admirers
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 furnish
                 them
                 with
                 several
                 Sorts
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Time
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 good
                 enough
                 to
                 pusle
                 the
                 most
                 Delicate
                 Persons
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 judge
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 Excellent
                 ;
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 July
                 and
                 August
                 ,
                 for
                 Summer-Fruit
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 
                   October
                   ,
                   November
                
                 and
                 December
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 of
                 Autumn
                 and
                 Winter
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 my
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 unbecoming
                 or
                 beneath
                 any
                 Person
                 of
                 Quality
                 that
                 is
                 Curious
                 in
                 such
                 Rarities
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 Abundance
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 without
                 regard
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Excellence
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 will
                 meerly
                 qualifie
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 fine
                 show
                 in
                 the
                 Variety
                 from
                 which
                 results
                 the
                 so
                 much
                 praised
                 Beauty
                 of
                 certain
                 Pyramids
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 alas
                 !
                 they
                 are
                 Fruits
                 that
                 will
                 not
                 endure
                 the
                 Test
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Sense
                 but
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 which
                 commonly
                 are
                 only
                 used
                 for
                 Decorations
                 to
                 Tables
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 indeed
                 now
                 a-days
                 in
                 Fashion
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 have
                 some
                 appearance
                 of
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 to
                 do
                 Honour
                 to
                 the
                 skill
                 of
                 the
                 Officer
                 that
                 piled
                 them
                 up
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 symmetry
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 occasion
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 Great
                 Persons
                 ,
                 where
                 such
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pyramids
                 are
                 in
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 by
                 Custom
                 become
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 necessary
                 ,
                 particular
                 care
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 have
                 spacious
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 afford
                 room
                 to
                 plant
                 Trees
                 enough
                 to
                 furnish
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 compose
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 occasion
                 shall
                 require
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 consist
                 all
                 of
                 such
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 both
                 beautiful
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 and
                 excelling
                 in
                 Goodness
                 :
                 Which
                 perhaps
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 over
                 difficult
                 to
                 effect
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 for
                 midling
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 we
                 ought
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 Ambitious
                 to
                 have
                 Magazines
                 of
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 really
                 good
                 and
                 delicious
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 serve
                 only
                 for
                 Ornament
                 and
                 Shew
                 :
                 And
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 sufficient
                 abundance
                 of
                 such
                 fair
                 and
                 good
                 Fruits
                 could
                 be
                 attained
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 be
                 bold
                 to
                 maintain
                 ,
                 that
                 Pyramids
                 compos'd
                 only
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 really
                 much
                 more
                 valuable
                 than
                 those
                 others
                 ,
                 though
                 beautified
                 with
                 less
                 Variety
                 of
                 Colours
                 ,
                 Shapes
                 and
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 so
                 would
                 they
                 be
                 better
                 accepted
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 highly
                 esteem'd
                 .
                 At
                 least
                 ,
                 without
                 pretending
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 utterly
                 to
                 decry
                 the
                 Mode
                 of
                 using
                 that
                 other
                 sort
                 of
                 Pyramids
                 ,
                 which
                 plead
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Prescription
                 for
                 appearing
                 at
                 great
                 Tables
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 always
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 pretty
                 Basket
                 well
                 fill'd
                 with
                 the
                 choice
                 eating
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 all
                 fair
                 and
                 goodly
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 perfectly
                 ripe
                 ;
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Kings
                 and
                 Princes
                 ,
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Hors-d'oeuvre
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Out-work
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 a
                 Pyramid
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 come
                 off
                 always
                 whole
                 and
                 entire
                 ,
                 without
                 suffering
                 the
                 least
                 breach
                 or
                 rufle
                 ,
                 neither
                 in
                 its
                 Construction
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 its
                 Symmetry
                 ;
                 so
                 I
                 pretend
                 ,
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Basket
                 consists
                 in
                 returning
                 always
                 empty
                 ,
                 without
                 bringing
                 back
                 any
                 thing
                 its
                 Errand
                 was
                 to
                 present
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 here
                 dispute
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 Expedient
                 to
                 Plant
                 any
                 Dwarf-trees
                 in
                 little
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 no
                 Body
                 questions
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 those
                 of
                 a
                 large
                 Extent
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 are
                 spacious
                 enough
                 to
                 contain
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 neither
                 will
                 I
                 move
                 any
                 doubt
                 ,
                 whether
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 any
                 placed
                 in
                 very
                 small
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 depends
                 of
                 the
                 Inclination
                 of
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Liberty
                 to
                 order
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 supposing
                 them
                 to
                 have
                 already
                 taken
                 up
                 a
                 Resolution
                 to
                 Plant
                 some
                 such
                 Trees
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 at
                 some
                 loss
                 ,
                 what
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruits
                 they
                 had
                 best
                 to
                 fix
                 upon
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 I
                 can
                 very
                 well
                 discuss
                 this
                 latter
                 Question
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 my
                 Opinion
                 of
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 most
                 for
                 their
                 purpose
                 to
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 for
                 a
                 Dwarf-tree
                 to
                 Plant
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 little
                 Garden
                 ;
                 as
                 namely
                 ,
                 whether
                 a
                 Pear-tree
                 or
                 an
                 
                   Apple
                   tree
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Plum-tree
                 or
                 a
                 Peach-tree
                 ,
                 a
                 Fig-tree
                 or
                 a
                 
                   Cherry-tree
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 
              
               
                 In
                 which
                 Point
                 my
                 Decision
                 should
                 presently
                 be
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 that
                 bear
                 not
                 easily
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 produce
                 not
                 Fruit
                 of
                 sufficient
                 Goodness
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 excluded
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 very
                 little
                 Gardens
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Cherry-trees
                 or
                 Apple-trees
                 upon
                 Free-stocks
                 should
                 enter
                 into
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Apple-tree
                 on
                 the
                 Paradise
                 or
                 Sweet-Apple-tree
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 the
                 Case
                 alters
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 produce
                 such
                 small
                 Tops
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 may
                 well
                 enough
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 admit
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 little
                 Garden
                 ,
                 without
                 incumbring
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Peach-tree
                 might
                 well
                 pretend
                 a
                 place
                 there
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 its
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Objections
                 against
                 it
                 are
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 it
                 grows
                 too
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 spreads
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 ill-favour'd
                 Top
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 too
                 apt
                 to
                 shed
                 its
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 hopes
                 of
                 contenting
                 its
                 Owner
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 too
                 true
                 ,
                 That
                 excepting
                 in
                 some
                 few
                 City-Gardens
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 sheltred
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 Wind
                 by
                 Lofty
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 high
                 Walls
                 .
                 Peach-trees
                 can
                 hardly
                 thrive
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 must
                 be
                 let
                 alone
                 ,
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 hot
                 Countries
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 prosper
                 wonderfully
                 in
                 the
                 Vine-yards
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Plum-trees
                 of
                 those
                 Sorts
                 that
                 we
                 esteem
                 most
                 ,
                 are
                 also
                 liable
                 to
                 the
                 Inconvenience
                 of
                 growing
                 too
                 high
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 bearing
                 very
                 late
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 uncertainly
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 Reason
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 excluded
                 those
                 little
                 Gardens
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 are
                 treating
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Fig-tree
                 ,
                 which
                 besides
                 those
                 other
                 Incommodities
                 ,
                 requires
                 too
                 much
                 Attendance
                 for
                 the
                 well
                 covering
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 of
                 perishing
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 among
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 our
                 only
                 Choice
                 must
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Pear-tree
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 I
                 
                 most
                 incline
                 ;
                 because
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 ordered
                 ,
                 its
                 top
                 or
                 spreading
                 cannot
                 well
                 grow
                 monstrous
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 Nuisance
                 ;
                 but
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 pleasure
                 all
                 the
                 Year
                 long
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 its
                 Earliness
                 ,
                 Plenty
                 and
                 considerable
                 Goodness
                 of
                 its
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 its
                 round
                 ,
                 open
                 and
                 well
                 ordered
                 Figure
                 ,
                 which
                 lasts
                 in
                 all
                 Seasons
                 .
                 Next
                 then
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 see
                 of
                 what
                 sort
                 that
                 one
                 Pear
                 must
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 where
                 the
                 Master
                 would
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Room
                 for
                 any
                 more
                 ;
                 then
                 of
                 what
                 Kind
                 the
                 second
                 must
                 be
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 Room
                 for
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 we
                 shall
                 go
                 on
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 to
                 examin
                 of
                 what
                 respective
                 sorts
                 must
                 be
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 Planted
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Bignesses
                 to
                 be
                 proposed
                 ,
                 determining
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Graffed
                 on
                 Free-stocks
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 on
                 
                 Quince-stocks
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 do
                 nothing
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 without
                 first
                 supposing
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Gardens
                 I
                 shall
                 treat
                 of
                 to
                 be
                 enclosed
                 with
                 some
                 sort
                 of
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 to
                 receive
                 some
                 Wall-Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 promise
                 themselves
                 at
                 least
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 greater
                 certainty
                 ,
                 the
                 pleasure
                 of
                 having
                 some
                 good
                 Summer
                 and
                 
                   Autumn
                   Fruits
                
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 hardly
                 reckon
                 them
                 for
                 Gardens
                 that
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 Advantage
                 to
                 be
                 enclosed
                 with
                 Walls
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 were
                 for
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 to
                 secure
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 injurious
                 Blasts
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 Winds
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 supposing
                 further
                 ,
                 That
                 here
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 Garden
                 ,
                 qualified
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Conditions
                 necessary
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 its
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 above
                 explained
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 supposing
                 ,
                 That
                 for
                 little
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 the
                 aim
                 of
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 well
                 guided
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 raise
                 Fruit
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 fair
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 than
                 purely
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 early
                 and
                 hastily
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Consideration
                 of
                 its
                 Quality
                 .
                 For
                 to
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 this
                 last
                 Humour
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 give
                 Counsel
                 to
                 Plant
                 any
                 Tree
                 of
                 our
                 best
                 Kinds
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 them
                 I
                 would
                 offer
                 other
                 Advices
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 such
                 as
                 I
                 dislike
                 my self
                 ,
                 would
                 by
                 Consequence
                 not
                 be
                 over
                 good
                 to
                 follow
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 nothing
                 but
                 
                   Orange-green
                   ,
                   White
                   Butter
                   ,
                   Doyennee
                
                 or
                 
                   Besidery
                   Pear-trees
                
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 kind
                 of
                 Trees
                 will
                 assuredly
                 yield
                 Fruit
                 much
                 sooner
                 than
                 the
                 choicer
                 Sorts
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 really
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 care
                 not
                 much
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 of
                 those
                 beautiful
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 that
                 content
                 the
                 Eye
                 at
                 all
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 Regularity
                 of
                 their
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 their
                 Shapes
                 ,
                 then
                 I
                 would
                 Counsel
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 chosen
                 some
                 
                 of
                 those
                 better
                 Sorts
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 them
                 indifferently
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Nurseries
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Branches
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 with
                 but
                 few
                 Roots
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 ordinarily
                 a
                 means
                 sure
                 enough
                 both
                 to
                 have
                 Fruit
                 quickly
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 good
                 .
                 But
                 withal
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 certain
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 upon
                 each
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Trees
                 bear
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 always
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 rustick
                 and
                 miserable
                 Shape
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 indiscreet
                 greediness
                 ,
                 and
                 over-hasty
                 Method
                 ,
                 they
                 very
                 often
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Inconvenience
                 with
                 
                 Aesop's
                 Dog
                 ,
                 who
                 lost
                 all
                 by
                 snatching
                 after
                 too
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 confess
                 Ingenuously
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 particular
                 Aversion
                 for
                 ill
                 favoured
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 for
                 all
                 those
                 hasty
                 Proceedings
                 ,
                 that
                 infallibly
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 .
                 And
                 especially
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 that
                 we
                 would
                 have
                 agreeable
                 for
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 its
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 quite
                 bare
                 and
                 stript
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Summer
                 and
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 set
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 best
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Fruits
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 not
                 willingly
                 consent
                 to
                 plant
                 none
                 but
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 either
                 yield
                 Fruit
                 soon
                 
                 indeed
                 ,
                 but
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 those
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 first
                 Planted
                 in
                 a
                 wild
                 ugly
                 Figure
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 fair
                 or
                 pleasing
                 to
                 the
                 Sight
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 very
                 well
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 generally
                 speaking
                 ,
                 the
                 Intention
                 of
                 all
                 Planters
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 have
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 speedily
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 reason
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 am
                 so
                 far
                 of
                 their
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 could
                 wish
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Nature
                 would
                 accomodate
                 it self
                 to
                 our
                 Desires
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 Fruit
                 upon
                 Trees
                 that
                 are
                 Cut
                 and
                 Trimm'd
                 ,
                 much
                 sooner
                 than
                 she
                 does
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 both
                 fair
                 and
                 good
                 :
                 But
                 alas
                 !
                 the
                 Secret
                 never
                 yet
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 her
                 in
                 any
                 considerable
                 degree
                 to
                 advance
                 her
                 ordinary
                 Pace
                 ,
                 without
                 spoiling
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Skill
                 of
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 may
                 in
                 that
                 case
                 be
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 yet
                 ,
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 our
                 best
                 way
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 allow
                 that
                 wise
                 Mother
                 the
                 time
                 she
                 takes
                 of
                 Four
                 ,
                 Five
                 or
                 Six
                 Years
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Kernel-fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 performs
                 on
                 some
                 Trees
                 sooner
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 some
                 latter
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 comfort
                 our selves
                 with
                 the
                 Consideration
                 of
                 the
                 Assurance
                 we
                 have
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Sequel
                 she
                 will
                 amply
                 recompense
                 us
                 for
                 the
                 Scarcity
                 of
                 those
                 preceding
                 Years
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 Stone-fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 Figs
                 ,
                 and
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 she
                 commonly
                 requires
                 less
                 Time
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 ,
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 a
                 Plantation
                 of
                 handsom
                 and
                 well
                 ordered
                 Trees
                 of
                 this
                 latter
                 Sort
                 ,
                 seldom
                 makes
                 us
                 stay
                 above
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 Years
                 without
                 pleasuring
                 us
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 to
                 while
                 us
                 with
                 in
                 Expectation
                 of
                 a
                 full
                 crop
                 in
                 the
                 Fifth
                 or
                 Sixth
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Years
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 Case
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Time
                 of
                 staying
                 for
                 Kernel-fruit
                 seem
                 too
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Party
                 
                 be
                 a
                 Person
                 of
                 Quality
                 accommodated
                 with
                 great
                 Gardens
                 (
                 for
                 what
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 to
                 Advise
                 is
                 not
                 practicable
                 in
                 little
                 ones
                 )
                 then
                 I
                 would
                 willingly
                 consent
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 some
                 by-place
                 remote
                 from
                 the
                 Principal
                 Garden
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 venture
                 the
                 Sacrificing
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Number
                 of
                 Pear-trees
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Sorts
                 of
                 every
                 Season
                 ,
                 Planting
                 them
                 whole
                 and
                 rough
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 hinted
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 small
                 distances
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Nursery-Gardens
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 Feet
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 ordered
                 and
                 well
                 look'd
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 pretty
                 soon
                 yield
                 some
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 tolerably
                 fair
                 too
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 some
                 beginning
                 of
                 Consolation
                 ,
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 the
                 fine
                 Garden
                 shall
                 be
                 arrived
                 to
                 Perfection
                 enough
                 to
                 play
                 its
                 part
                 .
                 I
                 followed
                 this
                 Expedient
                 in
                 the
                 Kitchen-Garden
                 at
                 Versailes
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 certain
                 Fruits
                 which
                 in
                 cold
                 and
                 moist
                 Soils
                 thrive
                 not
                 over
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 
                   Dwarf
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 as
                 particularly
                 for
                 some
                 new
                 Kinds
                 ,
                 whose
                 new
                 Names
                 rendring
                 them
                 unknown
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 fired
                 my
                 Curiosity
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 Impatience
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 I
                 succeeded
                 very
                 well
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 did
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 joint
                 Intention
                 I
                 had
                 to
                 arrive
                 speedily
                 to
                 some
                 competent
                 Abundance
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 raise
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 some
                 Tall
                 Standard-trees
                 ,
                 both
                 lasting
                 and
                 fair
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 foresaw
                 I
                 should
                 have
                 need
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 expected
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 such
                 Trees
                 be
                 kept
                 too
                 long
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 run
                 great
                 danger
                 either
                 of
                 Dying
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 of
                 infallibly
                 becoming
                 unfit
                 to
                 be
                 removed
                 to
                 other
                 Plantations
                 :
                 Therefore
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 such
                 Curious
                 Persons
                 as
                 are
                 very
                 Rich
                 and
                 Able
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Plant
                 spacious
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 their
                 own
                 Inclinations
                 upon
                 the
                 Point
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 to
                 resolve
                 whether
                 they
                 will
                 please
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 a
                 little
                 the
                 greater
                 Expence
                 ,
                 to
                 attain
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 the
                 Satisfaction
                 to
                 taste
                 Fruit
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 sooner
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Patience
                 to
                 stay
                 somewhat
                 longer
                 for
                 a
                 Crop
                 ,
                 with
                 assurance
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 with
                 less
                 Charge
                 and
                 much
                 fairer
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 greater
                 Abundance
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 though
                 I
                 have
                 great
                 reason
                 to
                 fear
                 ,
                 the
                 Preface
                 of
                 this
                 Third
                 Part
                 ,
                 as
                 Necessary
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 may
                 already
                 have
                 seem'd
                 too
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 to
                 new
                 Beginners
                 in
                 these
                 Curiosities
                 ,
                 who
                 without
                 doubt
                 demand
                 nothing
                 more
                 here
                 but
                 to
                 know
                 in
                 all
                 haste
                 which
                 are
                 those
                 choice
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 furnish
                 their
                 Gardens
                 with
                 :
                 Yet
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 leave
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 needs
                 add
                 Three
                 Things
                 more
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 can
                 proceed
                 to
                 what
                 will
                 satisfie
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 establish
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 Rule
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 all
                 those
                 Parts
                 of
                 Europe
                 where
                 
                 the
                 Cold
                 and
                 Heat
                 are
                 neither
                 too
                 long
                 nor
                 too
                 violent
                 ,
                 Nature
                 having
                 engaged
                 her self
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 manner
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 certain
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 in
                 some
                 particular
                 Months
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 it
                 therefore
                 constantly
                 happens
                 of
                 Course
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 do
                 once
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 without
                 fail
                 come
                 to
                 Maturity
                 there
                 :
                 But
                 withal
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 certain
                 that
                 this
                 happens
                 sooner
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 latter
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 difference
                 happening
                 from
                 the
                 different
                 measure
                 of
                 Heat
                 that
                 predominates
                 in
                 each
                 place
                 .
                 Thus
                 in
                 the
                 hotter
                 Climates
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 each
                 Season
                 ripen
                 sooner
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 colder
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 ,
                 some
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 some
                 Sorts
                 of
                 
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Peaches
                
                 and
                 Grapes
                 ripen
                 sooner
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 which
                 can
                 never
                 ripen
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 cold
                 Regions
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Provence
                   ,
                   Languedoc
                
                 and
                 Guyenne
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 see
                 those
                 Fruits
                 ripen
                 in
                 June
                 and
                 July
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 on
                 the
                 hither
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Loire
                 ,
                 see
                 not
                 arrive
                 to
                 Maturity
                 before
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 August
                 and
                 September
                 ,
                 but
                 besides
                 have
                 the
                 peculiar
                 Advantage
                 to
                 see
                 some
                 Sorts
                 
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ripen
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 sufficient
                 heat
                 ,
                 never
                 turn
                 to
                 Account
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 the
                 North.
                 But
                 then
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 those
                 Southern
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 Autumn
                 and
                 Winter
                 Fruits
                 are
                 almost
                 past
                 ,
                 when
                 ours
                 hardly
                 yet
                 begin
                 to
                 ripen
                 ;
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 even
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 often
                 in
                 the
                 Prime
                 and
                 Height
                 of
                 our
                 Crops
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 left
                 :
              
               
                 We
                 see
                 almost
                 the
                 same
                 Difference
                 happen
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Climate
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Different
                 Tempers
                 of
                 Soils
                 and
                 of
                 Years
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 favoured
                 with
                 
                 a
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 proportion
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 Fruits
                 growing
                 in
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 early
                 .
                 To
                 give
                 you
                 an
                 Example
                 of
                 this
                 Effect
                 in
                 hot
                 Soils
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 observed
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Soil
                 of
                 Paris
                 has
                 ordinarily
                 the
                 Start
                 of
                 above
                 Fifteen
                 Days
                 before
                 that
                 of
                 Versailles
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 hot
                 Years
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 1688
                 was
                 known
                 to
                 ripen
                 us
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 August
                 those
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Peaches
                 and
                 Muscats
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Years
                 1686
                 and
                 1687
                 came
                 not
                 to
                 Maturity
                 till
                 after
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 supposes
                 the
                 same
                 Difference
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 early
                 or
                 backward
                 Maturity
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Fruits
                 of
                 each
                 Fruit
                 Month
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 :
                 Generally
                 
                   May
                   ,
                   June
                
                 and
                 July
                 are
                 the
                 Months
                 that
                 decide
                 the
                 Destiny
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Maturity
                 :
                 And
                 Curious
                 Gentlemen
                 that
                 are
                 Skilful
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 take
                 their
                 Measures
                 well
                 upon
                 that
                 Foot
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 their
                 Autumn
                 and
                 
                 Winter-Fruits
                 hang
                 too
                 long
                 on
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 hot
                 Years
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 let
                 themselves
                 be
                 surprized
                 by
                 the
                 ripeness
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 not
                 fully
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 those
                 
                 Fruits
                 till
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 gathered
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 there
                 rots
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 laid
                 up
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 being
                 timely
                 gathered
                 ;
                 to
                 prevent
                 at
                 least
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 which
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 elsewhere
                 prescribe
                 some
                 Remedies
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Maturity
                 of
                 Muscat-Grapes
                 which
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Exposition
                 ,
                 
                 ought
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Rule
                 in
                 two
                 principal
                 Articles
                 concerning
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 the
                 First
                 is
                 ,
                 To
                 know
                 what
                 Fruits
                 may
                 ripen
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 ripen
                 in
                 every
                 Garden
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 September
                 and
                 October
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 certain
                 that
                 where-ever
                 the
                 Muscat
                 ripens
                 ,
                 there
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 Season
                 will
                 ripen
                 too
                 ,
                 and
                 reciprocally
                 again
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 where-ever
                 that
                 ripens
                 not
                 ,
                 there
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 other
                 Fruits
                 will
                 not
                 ripen
                 neither
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Article
                 or
                 Point
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 Muscat
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 Rule
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 knowing
                 whether
                 those
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 Season
                 shall
                 comparatively
                 ripen
                 soon
                 or
                 late
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 most
                 certain
                 Mark
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 what
                 Gardens
                 soever
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Muscats
                 ripen
                 soon
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 August
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 September
                 ,
                 there
                 the
                 Year
                 is
                 forward
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 Ripen
                 late
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 sure
                 a
                 sign
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Year
                 is
                 backward
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 ,
                 in
                 Truth
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 I
                 might
                 as
                 securely
                 govern
                 my self
                 by
                 this
                 Rule
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 Mariner
                 by
                 his
                 Compass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 Thing
                 I
                 have
                 to
                 add
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 reckon
                 Four
                 distinct
                 Seasons
                 of
                 
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 1st
                 ,
                 The
                 Summer
                 Season
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 in
                 June
                 ,
                 and
                 finishes
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 
                   September
                   .
                   2dly
                
                 ,
                 The
                 Vacation
                 Season
                 ,
                 or
                 first
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 comprehends
                 the
                 first
                 part
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 and
                 ends
                 at
                 Martelmas
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 November
                 .
                 The
                 3d
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 where
                 the
                 last
                 ends
                 ,
                 and
                 holds
                 till
                 about
                 Christmas
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 the
                 latter
                 part
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 the
                 second
                 Autumnal
                 Season
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 4th
                 .
                 and
                 and
                 last
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 which
                 beginning
                 in
                 January
                 ,
                 holds
                 on
                 till
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 the
                 Red
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 April
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 done
                 with
                 first
                 and
                 second
                 Things
                 I
                 had
                 to
                 propose
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 promised
                 in
                 the
                 Project
                 of
                 this
                 Part
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 place
                 to
                 specifie
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 principal
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 every
                 of
                 those
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 Month
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 composed
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 our
                 Description
                 will
                 be
                 like
                 a
                 little
                 Landskip
                 in
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 cast
                 of
                 an
                 Eye
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Abridgment
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 give
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 Matter
                 of
                 Gardening
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 Discussion
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 perhaps
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Heads
                 ,
                 to
                 determine
                 what
                 Choice
                 to
                 make
                 of
                 those
                 Kinds
                 which
                 we
                 fancy
                 best
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 I
                 shall
                 run
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Months
                 in
                 Particular
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 precisely
                 to
                 describe
                 to
                 you
                 what
                 Fruits
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 claims
                 to
                 its
                 share
                 ,
                 without
                 omitting
                 to
                 mention
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 those
                 ,
                 that
                 because
                 they
                 grow
                 not
                 on
                 Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   Raspberries
                   ,
                   Gooseberries
                   ,
                   Currans
                   ,
                   Musk
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Grapes
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 are
                 not
                 within
                 the
                 compass
                 of
                 our
                 present
                 Project
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 them
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Order
                 commonly
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 according
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 successive
                 Maturity
                 of
                 their
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 Summer
                 shall
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 with
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 begin
                 ;
                 
                 it
                 being
                 most
                 true
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Summer
                 Season
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 any
                 thing
                 richly
                 to
                 entertain
                 us
                 with
                 the
                 new
                 Productions
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 dare
                 affirm
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 in
                 matter
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 look
                 upon
                 that
                 Season
                 as
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 annual
                 and
                 fleeting
                 Republick
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 from
                 very
                 small
                 beginnings
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 rises
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 time
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 power
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 is
                 not
                 of
                 long
                 continuance
                 ,
                 because
                 no
                 sooner
                 is
                 it
                 establish'd
                 in
                 its
                 full
                 Glory
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 flag
                 ,
                 and
                 tend
                 towards
                 that
                 Decay
                 which
                 soon
                 after
                 it
                 sinks
                 into
                 ;
                 though
                 indeed
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 such
                 a
                 Decay
                 that
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 an
                 entire
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 like
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Inter-regnum
                 or
                 Vacancy
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Revolution
                 it
                 must
                 suffer
                 for
                 some
                 Months
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 past
                 over
                 ,
                 its
                 Destiny
                 will
                 make
                 it
                 reassume
                 its
                 former
                 flourishing
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Vicissitudes
                 in
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 seen
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 above
                 ,
                 it
                 passes
                 constantly
                 once
                 every
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 discoursing
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 above
                 all
                 Things
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 
                 chiefly
                 with
                 respect
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 Climate
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 enter
                 upon
                 the
                 particularities
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Discussion
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 each
                 Season
                 .
                 Accordingly
                 to
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 and
                 few
                 People
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 Straw-berries
                 that
                 begin
                 to
                 Ripen
                 at
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 at
                 the
                 Entrance
                 of
                 June
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 followed
                 hard
                 at
                 the
                 heels
                 by
                 the
                 forward
                 Cherries
                 raised
                 upon
                 
                   Wall
                   trees
                
                 well
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 before
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Month
                 ,
                 
                   Currans
                   Gooseberries
                   ,
                   Raspberries
                   ,
                   Guignes
                
                 and
                 Hasting-Cherries
                 ,
                 and
                 Griots
                 too
                 begin
                 to
                 fill
                 the
                 Markets
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 bedded
                 Muskmelons
                 ,
                 the
                 forward
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 little
                 Muscat-pears
                 upon
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 endeavour
                 to
                 shew
                 us
                 by
                 some
                 little
                 Samplers
                 ,
                 the
                 Riches
                 which
                 they
                 altogether
                 promise
                 us
                 in
                 greater
                 Abundance
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 next
                 immediately
                 ensuring
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 commonly
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 Reason
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 
                 month
                 of
                 Red
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 For
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Fifteenth
                 or
                 Twentieth
                 Day
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 continues
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kinds
                 of
                 that
                 Fruit
                 which
                 were
                 beginning
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 during
                 the
                 preceding
                 Month
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 draw
                 to
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 the
                 backward
                 Cherries
                 or
                 Bigarros
                 fail
                 not
                 to
                 succeed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 during
                 which
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 Discreet
                 and
                 Skilfull
                 Persons
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Sugar
                 which
                 is
                 at
                 their
                 Command
                 ,
                 makes
                 a
                 most
                 admirable
                 use
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Red
                 Fruit
                 under
                 different
                 Figures
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 forget
                 to
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 Muskmelons
                 are
                 ,
                 without
                 Contradiction
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Principal
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 besides
                 ,
                 provided
                 that
                 in
                 well
                 qualified
                 Soils
                 ,
                 some
                 
                   Wall
                   Fig-trees
                
                 be
                 intermixed
                 between
                 the
                 Boxes
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 those
                 Muskmelons
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Figs
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 may
                 be
                 expected
                 Plenty
                 of
                 forward
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 of
                 Yellow
                 Plums
                 ,
                 of
                 little
                 Muscat
                 and
                 ordinary
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Dwarf-trees
                 and
                 Tall-trees
                 or
                 Standards
                 shall
                 strive
                 with
                 a
                 seeming
                 Emulation
                 which
                 shall
                 present
                 us
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Numbers
                 of
                 Pears
                 ,
                 called
                 Cuisse-Madams
                 or
                 Lady-thighs
                 ,
                 of
                 Maudlin-Pears
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Blanquets
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   hasty
                   Russelets
                
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Bourdons
                   ,
                   Muskat-Roberts
                   ,
                   Skinless
                   pears
                   ,
                
                 and
                 of
                 many
                 others
                 of
                 lesser
                 Quality
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Reason
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 well
                 satisfied
                 with
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 July
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 we
                 are
                 once
                 in
                 August
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 arrived
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Magazin
                 of
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Month
                 there
                 continues
                 still
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 Plenty
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 desired
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Figs
                 and
                 backward
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 of
                 Bigarros
                 and
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 on
                 Wall-trees
                 as
                 on
                 Standards
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Surplusage
                 still
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 Blessings
                 ,
                 the
                 unbedded
                 Muskmelons
                 begin
                 to
                 furnish
                 our
                 Tables
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bear
                 Company
                 with
                 the
                 bedded
                 ones
                 which
                 last
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Month.
                 Besides
                 all
                 which
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Month
                 ,
                 we
                 begin
                 to
                 have
                 Pears
                 of
                 the
                 following
                 Sorts
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Robines
                
                 ,
                 Summer
                 musked
                 
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   Cassoletts
                   ,
                   Espragnes
                
                 or
                 
                   Reserve-pears
                   ,
                   Fondants
                   de
                   Brest
                
                 ,
                 or
                 melting
                 Pears
                 of
                 
                   Brest
                   ,
                   Russeletts
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 illustrious
                 and
                 happy
                 Month
                 for
                 the
                 Fruits
                 that
                 charm
                 me
                 most
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 for
                 certain
                 Plums
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 in
                 our
                 Climates
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 to
                 be
                 raised
                 upon
                 
                   Wall
                   trees
                
                 ,
                 may
                 dispute
                 the
                 Prize
                 of
                 Excellence
                 with
                 most
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 may
                 claim
                 an
                 equal
                 place
                 in
                 our
                 Esteem
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Famed
                 and
                 Accomplished
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 .
                 Those
                 Plums
                 are
                 the
                 two
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Perdrigons
                 ,
                 white
                 and
                 violet
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Prune
                   Royal
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Cloath
                 of
                 Gold
                 Plum
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Apricock
                   Plum
                
                 ,
                 the
                 St.
                 Catharine
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Diapred
                   Violate
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Rouche
                   Courbon
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Queen
                   Claude
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 together
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 thrive
                 well
                 enough
                 upon
                 Dwarf-trees
                 and
                 Standards
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 already
                 named
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 bear
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Damask
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 of
                 Five
                 or
                 Six
                 Fashions
                 very
                 different
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Figure
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 early
                 Maturity
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 of
                 them
                 the
                 White
                 ,
                 Black
                 ,
                 Red
                 ,
                 Violet
                 ,
                 Grey
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 tell
                 you
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 grey
                 Damask
                 appears
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Sorts
                 ;
                 besides
                 which
                 the
                 Mangerous
                 ,
                 the
                 Mirabelles
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Imperials
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 strive
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 which
                 shall
                 do
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 imitate
                 the
                 Wall-trees
                 which
                 now
                 yield
                 the
                 
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Crop
                 of
                 Apricocks
                 and
                 Peaches
                 of
                 
                   Troy
                   ,
                   Rossanne
                   ,
                   Alberge
                
                 and
                 
                   Cherry
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 the
                 Wall-trees
                 begin
                 also
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 some
                 
                   Maudlin
                   ,
                   Mignon
                
                 and
                 
                   Bourdin
                   Peaches
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 sometimes
                 accompanied
                 with
                 the
                 Muscat
                 ,
                 and
                 forward
                 or
                 hasty
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 black
                 as
                 white
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 none
                 can
                 dispute
                 but
                 that
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 August
                 is
                 furnished
                 with
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 satisfie
                 the
                 most
                 insatiable
                 ,
                 nice
                 and
                 difficult
                 Curiosity
                 't
                 is
                 possible
                 to
                 have
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 yet
                 how
                 Rich
                 soever
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Month
                 has
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 I
                 may
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 without
                 scruple
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 of
                 September
                 is
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 almost
                 does
                 it
                 not
                 
                 produce
                 in
                 our
                 Climates
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 true
                 Month
                 for
                 good
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 every
                 where
                 such
                 an
                 extream
                 Abundance
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 served
                 up
                 in
                 no
                 lesser
                 Quantities
                 than
                 by
                 great
                 Pyramids
                 at
                 every
                 Meal
                 .
                 The
                 white
                 and
                 red
                 Maudlins
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Minions
                 which
                 began
                 only
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 Season
                 in
                 the
                 precedent
                 Month
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 exhausted
                 now
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 particularly
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 greatest
                 plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 followed
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 all
                 very
                 Excellent
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 Ripening
                 regularly
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Maturity
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 establish'd
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 particular
                 intent
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 furnish
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 and
                 successive
                 store
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Month
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 their
                 Order
                 ,
                 the
                 Bourdins
                 begin
                 ,
                 the
                 Cherreuses
                 or
                 Goat-peaches
                 follow
                 next
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 precede
                 the
                 hasty
                 Violets
                 ;
                 then
                 come
                 the
                 Persicks
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Bellegardes
                 and
                 white
                 Andilli's
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 the
                 Admirables
                 ,
                 the
                 Brugnons
                 or
                 Nectarines
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 purple
                 Peaches
                 ;
                 a
                 Number
                 great
                 enough
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 to
                 content
                 us
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 leave
                 us
                 any
                 Stomack
                 to
                 desire
                 any
                 more
                 in
                 this
                 Season
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 September
                 yields
                 us
                 besides
                 abundance
                 of
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 of
                 Chasselas
                 ,
                 of
                 Corinth
                 of
                 three
                 Colours
                 ,
                 of
                 Ciotats
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Morocco
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Sorts
                 of
                 good
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 a
                 great
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Muscats
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 what
                 Colour
                 soever
                 they
                 be
                 ,
                 whether
                 white
                 ,
                 or
                 red
                 ,
                 or
                 black
                 ,
                 (
                 provided
                 they
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 Excellencies
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 firmness
                 ,
                 perfumed
                 Scent
                 and
                 swe●t
                 Taste
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 )
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Confession
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 far
                 better
                 worth
                 than
                 all
                 other
                 Grapes
                 :
                 Neither
                 is
                 this
                 Month
                 inclined
                 to
                 end
                 without
                 giving
                 us
                 a
                 beginning
                 of
                 lateward
                 Plums
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 Empresses
                 ,
                 the
                 black
                 Damasks
                 ,
                 the
                 little
                 Perdrigons
                 ,
                 the
                 backward
                 
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 humour
                 of
                 Liberality
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 begins
                 a
                 fresh
                 to
                 refurnish
                 us
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 second
                 Figs
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 on
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Boxes
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Addition
                 to
                 this
                 abundance
                 ,
                 it
                 lets
                 us
                 drop
                 some
                 Butter-pears
                 and
                 
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 it
                 ravishes
                 us
                 to
                 see
                 when
                 the
                 Stone-fruits
                 are
                 going
                 away
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Deluge
                 or
                 full
                 Tide
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 happened
                 in
                 this
                 Month
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 produced
                 much
                 less
                 than
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 would
                 still
                 be
                 extream
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 luxuriantly
                 Plentiful
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Month
                 of
                 October
                 indeed
                 possesses
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Stone-fruits
                 as
                 its
                 
                 Predecessor
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 ill
                 furnished
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 admirable
                 and
                 purple
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Figs
                 neither
                 were
                 not
                 consumed
                 in
                 September
                 ,
                 there
                 often
                 remaining
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Quantity
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 Month
                 :
                 Besides
                 which
                 ,
                 its
                 Fertility
                 extends
                 much
                 further
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 make
                 us
                 great
                 Largesses
                 of
                 Nivette-peaches
                 ,
                 yellow
                 late
                 ,
                 and
                 violet
                 late
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 and
                 yellow
                 Lices
                 ,
                 or
                 smooth
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 all
                 Excellent
                 Peaches
                 for
                 the
                 latter
                 Season
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 our
                 Climate
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 red
                 Pavie
                 or
                 bastard
                 Peaches
                 of
                 Catillac
                 and
                 of
                 Rambouille●t
                 with
                 the
                 yellow
                 Pavies
                 that
                 make
                 so
                 much
                 noise
                 in
                 the
                 Vine-yards
                 of
                 hot
                 Countries
                 ;
                 I
                 say
                 those
                 Pavies
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 our
                 Gardens
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Place
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 well
                 Nourished
                 and
                 Exposed
                 to
                 a
                 good
                 Sun
                 ,
                 certainly
                 make
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Figure
                 at
                 this
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 yellow
                 Pavy
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 Taste
                 in
                 its
                 Season
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 we
                 had
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 Peaches
                 nor
                 of
                 these
                 Pavies
                 ,
                 should
                 we
                 not
                 be
                 rich
                 enough
                 in
                 having
                 still
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 good
                 Grapes
                 to
                 gather
                 always
                 upon
                 the
                 Vines
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Muscat
                 ,
                 the
                 long
                 Muscat
                 otherwise
                 called
                 
                   Passe
                   musked
                
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Royal
                 black
                 Grape
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 mention
                 the
                 Gennetin-grapes
                 ,
                 the
                 Chasselats
                 ,
                 the
                 Expirants
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Greek
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   the
                   Malmsie
                
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Corinthian
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 in
                 having
                 a
                 vast
                 Quantity
                 of
                 most
                 exquisite
                 Pears
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 grey
                 Butter-pears
                 ,
                 the
                 Bergamots
                 ,
                 the
                 green
                 Sugar-pears
                 ,
                 the
                 floury
                 Muscats
                 ,
                 the
                 long
                 green
                 Pears
                 or
                 Verte-longues
                 ,
                 the
                 Crasanes
                 ,
                 the
                 Marchionesses
                 or
                 Marquises
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Petit-oins
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 very
                 certain
                 ,
                 That
                 one
                 only
                 sort
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 of
                 them
                 might
                 be
                 sufficient
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 supply
                 our
                 Necessities
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 amply
                 to
                 humour
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Curious
                 ?
              
               
                 The
                 Reign
                 of
                 those
                 Fruits
                 which
                 acquire
                 not
                 their
                 Excellence
                 till
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 Gathered
                 ,
                 fails
                 not
                 to
                 begin
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 when
                 that
                 of
                 Fruits
                 that
                 attain
                 their
                 full
                 
                 Ripeness
                 on
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 expire
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 particularly
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Stone-fruits
                 ,
                 whose
                 Destiny
                 ordinarily
                 terminates
                 about
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 October
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 is
                 our
                 Comfort
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 we
                 shall
                 not
                 yet
                 this
                 pretty
                 while
                 perceive
                 any
                 sensible
                 diminution
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 there
                 remaining
                 for
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 November
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 we
                 saw
                 signalize
                 themselves
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Month
                 ;
                 besides
                 which
                 ,
                 good
                 Grapes
                 will
                 also
                 last
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 if
                 care
                 has
                 been
                 taken
                 to
                 gather
                 them
                 before
                 the
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 carefully
                 in
                 the
                 Fruit-lofts
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 ordered
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 Privilege
                 as
                 any
                 to
                 appear
                 at
                 Noble
                 Tables
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 shriveled
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 denied
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 very
                 good
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 continue
                 untainted
                 with
                 any
                 speck
                 of
                 Rottenness
                 .
                 The
                 long
                 
                   Muscat
                   Grape
                
                 is
                 that
                 whereof
                 I
                 most
                 particularly
                 speak
                 here
                 ,
                 it
                 having
                 the
                 Gift
                 to
                 please
                 the
                 greatest
                 King
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Honour
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Director
                 and
                 chief
                 Manager
                 of
                 his
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 ,
                 what
                 ought
                 I
                 not
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 what
                 do
                 I
                 leave
                 unattempted
                 for
                 the
                 finding
                 out
                 all
                 means
                 imaginable
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 that
                 darling
                 Fruit
                 for
                 several
                 Months
                 together
                 ?
              
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 Chasselas-Grapes
                 both
                 white
                 and
                 black
                 ,
                 want
                 not
                 Patrons
                 that
                 highly
                 praise
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 both
                 to
                 ripen
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 much
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 the
                 Muscats
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 ,
                 in
                 Truth
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 hardly
                 have
                 the
                 confidence
                 to
                 appear
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Table
                 with
                 the
                 Muscats
                 ,
                 they
                 wait
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 passed
                 to
                 triumph
                 in
                 their
                 turn
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 these
                 two
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Grapes
                 both
                 do
                 honour
                 to
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 November
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Muscats
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chasselats
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 ;
                 these
                 latter
                 lasting
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Advent-Season
                 .
                 I
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 Month
                 is
                 still
                 Opulent
                 and
                 well
                 stored
                 with
                 Miraculous
                 Pears
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Fruit-loft
                 ,
                 if
                 well
                 stock'd
                 ,
                 supplies
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 Fame
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 accommodated
                 with
                 considerable
                 remains
                 of
                 
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   Crasannes
                   ,
                   Marquises
                
                 or
                 
                   Marchionesses
                   ,
                   Lansacs
                   ,
                   Petit-oins
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 this
                 Month
                 is
                 the
                 Master
                 and
                 Dispenser
                 of
                 very
                 many
                 other
                 good
                 Pears
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 begin
                 to
                 mellow
                 in
                 its
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 Favour
                 of
                 those
                 whose
                 Gardens
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 hot
                 and
                 dry
                 Soil
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 ,
                 have
                 Wall-trees
                 and
                 Standards
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Pears
                 otherwise
                 staying
                 longer
                 to
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 of
                 December
                 and
                 January
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Commodity
                 whose
                 Gardens
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 fattish
                 and
                 coldish
                 Soil
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 kinds
                 of
                 Pears
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 Espine
                 or
                 Thorn-pear
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Leschasserees
                   ,
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   St.
                   Germains
                   ,
                   Pastourells
                   ,
                   St.
                   Augustins
                   ,
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 And
                 for
                 those
                 Persons
                 too
                 that
                 love
                 Pears
                 that
                 break
                 short
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 musk'd
                 ,
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 November
                 presents
                 them
                 with
                 
                   Spanish
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   Amadots
                
                 ,
                 dry
                 Martins
                 ,
                 Winter
                 Russelets
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 tolerably
                 good
                 Pears
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 so
                 Excellent
                 as
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 tender
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 Buttered
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 tell
                 you
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 what
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 grow
                 stark
                 naught
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 long
                 a
                 Ripening
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 what
                 Kinds
                 ,
                 the
                 biggest
                 Pears
                 are
                 commonly
                 the
                 worst
                 :
                 And
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 again
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 other
                 Sorts
                 ,
                 the
                 little
                 ones
                 are
                 regularly
                 and
                 ordinarily
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 .
              
               
                 Nay
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 very
                 Apples
                 come
                 to
                 do
                 Homage
                 to
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 November
                 ,
                 and
                 advantageously
                 to
                 display
                 the
                 Proofs
                 of
                 their
                 Merit
                 :
                 The
                 
                   Red
                   Calvils
                
                 signalize
                 themselves
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 reign
                 alone
                 in
                 this
                 Month
                 ,
                 they
                 leave
                 to
                 their
                 Companions
                 ,
                 the
                 Apis
                 ,
                 the
                 White
                 and
                 
                   Grey
                   Pepins
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Courpendus
                 ,
                 the
                 Fenouillets
                 or
                 Fennel-apples
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   White
                   Calvils
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 They
                 leave
                 to
                 these
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Field
                 free
                 for
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   December
                   ,
                   January
                   ,
                   February
                
                 and
                 March.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 seems
                 not
                 necessary
                 to
                 specific
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 particularly
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 December
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 being
                 a
                 Month
                 confining
                 upon
                 November
                 and
                 January
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 between
                 both
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 an
                 ample
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 both
                 Months
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 it
                 may
                 truly
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 its
                 condition
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Years
                 that
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 backward
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 told
                 you
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 very
                 often
                 reason
                 to
                 complain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 principal
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 mellow
                 too
                 fast
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Month
                 ;
                 it
                 making
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 grow
                 soft
                 and
                 rotten
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 in
                 effect
                 their
                 Destiny
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 them
                 to
                 pass
                 any
                 further
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Order
                 of
                 Nature
                 will
                 not
                 permit
                 that
                 which
                 in
                 few
                 Months
                 time
                 ,
                 mounted
                 to
                 
                 its
                 highest
                 degree
                 of
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 to
                 subsist
                 long
                 in
                 that
                 Condition
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 our
                 Republick
                 of
                 Fruits
                 that
                 shewed
                 it self
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 Lustre
                 and
                 Glory
                 since
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 must
                 submit
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Months
                 to
                 appear
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 change
                 of
                 Dress
                 upon
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Diminution
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 which
                 disadvantages
                 ,
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 January
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 most
                 reason
                 to
                 complain
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 remains
                 for
                 it
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 same
                 Pears
                 that
                 so
                 well
                 plaid
                 their
                 parts
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 preceeding
                 Months
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 already
                 remarked
                 to
                 you
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Backward
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Grounds
                 that
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 fatter
                 and
                 stronger
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Fruits
                 produced
                 by
                 them
                 are
                 something
                 longer
                 time
                 a
                 losing
                 what
                 they
                 brought
                 with
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 their
                 Hardness
                 ,
                 Sowrness
                 and
                 insipidity
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Defects
                 of
                 which
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Months
                 keeping
                 perfectly
                 cures
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 
                 consequently
                 gives
                 them
                 what
                 they
                 wanted
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 good
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 sometimes
                 we
                 may
                 have
                 in
                 this
                 Month
                 excellent
                 
                   Virgoulee
                   pears
                
                 ,
                 some
                 Ambrets
                 ,
                 some
                 Leschasseries
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 some
                 Espines
                 or
                 
                   Thorn
                   pears
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 St.
                 Germains
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Colm
                   〈…〉
                
                 and
                 
                   St.
                   Augustin-pears
                
                 ,
                 which
                 probably
                 may
                 not
                 have
                 begun
                 to
                 appear
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 some
                 Musked-pears
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 break
                 short
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 as
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 
                   Winter
                   Musk
                   pears
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Lemon-pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Nay
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Pears
                 so
                 mean
                 ,
                 though
                 to
                 the
                 degree
                 of
                 a
                 Portal
                 ,
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Pear
                 much
                 renowned
                 in
                 Poiton
                 ,
                 but
                 think
                 themselves
                 good
                 enough
                 to
                 contribute
                 something
                 to
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 January
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 one
                 cannot
                 but
                 allow
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 these
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 have
                 something
                 wherewithal
                 to
                 render
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 January
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 esteemable
                 ;
                 because
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 fain
                 to
                 accommodate
                 our selves
                 the
                 best
                 we
                 can
                 with
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 ,
                 without
                 standing
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 Niceties
                 ,
                 since
                 we
                 know
                 the
                 happy
                 time
                 of
                 Choice
                 and
                 Abundance
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 past
                 with
                 the
                 last
                 Months
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 expired
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 may
                 in
                 some
                 sort
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 February
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 
                 of
                 March
                 ,
                 the
                 low
                 Ebb
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 Fruits
                 begins
                 in
                 Earnest
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 now
                 fallen
                 into
                 a
                 terrible
                 abject
                 State
                 ;
                 for
                 besides
                 dry
                 and
                 liquid
                 Sweet-meats
                 ,
                 and
                 Lemons
                 ,
                 and
                 Apples
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 baking
                 or
                 stewing
                 Pears
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Double
                   flowers
                   ,
                   Donvills
                
                 and
                 
                   Angoberts
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 both
                 in
                 this
                 Month
                 and
                 all
                 along
                 after
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 May-Strawberries
                 ,
                 make
                 up
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Furniture
                 of
                 the
                 Desarts
                 ,
                 what
                 have
                 we
                 else
                 left
                 but
                 some
                 St.
                 Lezins
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 but
                 little
                 worth
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Bugy-pears
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 slighted
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 
                 Lent-Season
                 makes
                 up
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 best
                 days
                 ?
                 But
                 particularly
                 there
                 still
                 is
                 left
                 us
                 a
                 certain
                 kind
                 of
                 those
                 Famous
                 Pears
                 that
                 bear
                 the
                 venerable
                 Name
                 of
                 Boncretiens
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 cannot
                 but
                 be
                 unanimously
                 confessed
                 ,
                 are
                 capable
                 alone
                 gloriously
                 and
                 happily
                 to
                 terminate
                 the
                 Campaign
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 fail
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 to
                 lay
                 before
                 you
                 what
                 must
                 needs
                 produce
                 in
                 you
                 a
                 great
                 Consideration
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 present
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 content
                 my self
                 with
                 telling
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 be
                 permitted
                 so
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 look
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Rear-guard
                 and
                 Body
                 of
                 Reserve
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Fruits
                 newly
                 disbanded
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Fruits
                 having
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eight
                 or
                 Nine
                 Months
                 ,
                 fought
                 against
                 and
                 exterminated
                 that
                 Sterility
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 oppressed
                 us
                 without
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 at
                 last
                 dismissed
                 ,
                 the
                 Boncretien
                 remains
                 alone
                 ,
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 seems
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Subaltern
                 Officers
                 ,
                 gently
                 retires
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 his
                 Winter
                 Quarters
                 in
                 Expectation
                 of
                 new
                 Recruits
                 for
                 another
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 afraid
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 have
                 told
                 you
                 what
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 every
                 Month
                 ,
                 there
                 remaining
                 ,
                 methinks
                 ,
                 one
                 thing
                 still
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 treated
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 shew
                 you
                 with
                 some
                 tolerable
                 Exactness
                 ,
                 how
                 long
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 any
                 Tree
                 whatsoever
                 will
                 ordinarily
                 hold
                 out
                 in
                 spending
                 ,
                 supposing
                 the
                 Trees
                 reasonably
                 well
                 loaded
                 ;
                 because
                 ,
                 unless
                 that
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 hardly
                 possible
                 to
                 regulate
                 what
                 number
                 of
                 Trees
                 one
                 may
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 small
                 matter
                 over
                 or
                 under
                 ,
                 need
                 ,
                 to
                 furnish
                 one
                 with
                 a
                 handsom
                 provision
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 troubling
                 ones
                 self
                 to
                 Plant
                 a
                 superfluity
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 say
                 such
                 a
                 Tree
                 is
                 well
                 loaded
                 ,
                 if
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 one
                 
                   Wall
                   Peach-tree
                
                 yield
                 Fifty
                 great
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 
                   Dwarf
                   Pear-tree
                
                 bear
                 Fifty
                 large
                 Pears
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 of
                 Plums
                 and
                 Pears
                 of
                 a
                 midling
                 bigness
                 ,
                 each
                 Dwarf-tree
                 or
                 Standard
                 bear
                 about
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 a
                 piece
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 Figs
                 in
                 Boxes
                 ,
                 one
                 Box
                 yields
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Dozen
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 one
                 Wall
                 or
                 
                 Dwarf-Stock
                 yeilds
                 about
                 a
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 It
                 being
                 certain
                 that
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Years
                 of
                 their
                 bearing
                 ,
                 all
                 these
                 Sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 yield
                 much
                 less
                 ,
                 so
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 to
                 their
                 just
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Years
                 prove
                 good
                 ,
                 they
                 bear
                 ordinarily
                 much
                 more
                 Fruit
                 than
                 the
                 proportion
                 I
                 have
                 specified
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 then
                 being
                 Establish'd
                 for
                 a
                 Rule
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 next
                 observe
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 That
                 Experience
                 further
                 teaches
                 us
                 these
                 Three
                 Things
                 ;
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 I.
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 Regularly
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 Wall-trees
                 of
                 every
                 Garden
                 ripen
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 those
                 of
                 Standards
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 again
                 something
                 before
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 on
                 
                 Dwarf-trees
                 .
              
               
                 II.
                 The
                 Second
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 among
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 those
                 facing
                 the
                 East
                 and
                 
                 South-quarters
                 are
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 bring
                 their
                 Fruit
                 to
                 Maturity
                 ,
                 which
                 these
                 two
                 first
                 do
                 commonly
                 much
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 being
                 earlier
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 by
                 Eight
                 or
                 Ten
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 by
                 at
                 least
                 Fifteen
                 or
                 Twenty
                 ;
                 though
                 ,
                 in
                 serious
                 Truth
                 ,
                 those
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 are
                 little
                 to
                 be
                 counted
                 upon
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 some
                 
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   Crasannes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 baking
                 or
                 stewing
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
               
                 III.
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 The
                 third
                 Thing
                 that
                 Experience
                 teaches
                 us
                 in
                 matter
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 
                 as
                 to
                 those
                 Summer
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 gathered
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 ripen
                 ;
                 a
                 Peach-tree
                 ,
                 a
                 Plum-tree
                 ,
                 a
                 Fig-tree
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Pear-tree
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 yield
                 Fruit
                 for
                 Ten
                 or
                 Twelve
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 seldom
                 or
                 never
                 pass
                 that
                 time
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 Pears
                 which
                 use
                 to
                 be
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Fruit-lofts
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 first
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 eaten
                 in
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ;
                 as
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 Butter-pears
                 ,
                 the
                 Verte-longues
                 or
                 
                   Long
                   green-pears
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Kinds
                 last
                 about
                 Fifteen
                 or
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 the
                 different
                 Figures
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 different
                 Soils
                 ,
                 and
                 different
                 Expositions
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 Planted
                 ,
                 lengthening
                 or
                 shortning
                 a
                 little
                 Duration
                 of
                 their
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 spending
                 both
                 during
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 
                 whole
                 Winter
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 ,
                 what
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 soever
                 they
                 be
                 gathered
                 from
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 laid
                 up
                 promiscuously
                 together
                 ,
                 People
                 only
                 contenting
                 themselves
                 with
                 laying
                 each
                 Kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 in
                 separate
                 Heaps
                 by
                 themselves
                 ;
                 yet
                 Persons
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 Curious
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 I
                 am
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 accurate
                 as
                 to
                 separate
                 even
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Kind
                 into
                 different
                 heaps
                 ,
                 laying
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 one
                 Tree
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 one
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 another
                 in
                 another
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 differences
                 of
                 the
                 Figures
                 of
                 their
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 different
                 Expositions
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 precisely
                 know
                 when
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 mellows
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 these
                 Kinds
                 that
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 spending
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Winter
                 ;
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 furnish
                 you
                 for
                 a
                 Months
                 spending
                 ,
                 such
                 for
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Pears
                 called
                 the
                 Crasanne
                 ,
                 the
                 Marchioness
                 ,
                 the
                 Messire-John
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Green
                   sugar
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Vine
                   pear
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Lansac
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Flowered
                   Muscat
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 others
                 that
                 afford
                 a
                 supply
                 for
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Weeks
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 October
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 November
                 ,
                 the
                 Louise-bonnes
                 or
                 good
                 Louises
                 ,
                 the
                 Petit-oins
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Thorn
                   pears
                
                 ,
                 the
                 dry
                 
                   Martins
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Others
                 again
                 there
                 are
                 that
                 supply
                 us
                 for
                 near
                 Two
                 Months
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Virgoulees
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambrets
                 ,
                 the
                 Leschasseries
                 ,
                 the
                 Pastourelles
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   St.
                   Augustins
                   ,
                   St.
                   Germains
                
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 Thorn-Pears
                 may
                 last
                 part
                 of
                 November
                 and
                 all
                 December
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Some
                 endure
                 till
                 January
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Colmars
                 and
                 the
                 Boncretiens
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 last
                 all
                 January
                 and
                 February
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 
                   St.
                   Lezins
                
                 and
                 Bugis
                 that
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 supply
                 us
                 both
                 in
                 February
                 and
                 March.
                 
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 we
                 may
                 conclude
                 ,
                 That
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 curious
                 Gentleman
                 have
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 a
                 competent
                 Number
                 of
                 fine
                 Trees
                 of
                 each
                 Kind
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Figs
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 have
                 some
                 Wall-trees
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Expositions
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Plums
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 have
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 in
                 both
                 the
                 several
                 Forms
                 of
                 Dwarf-trees
                 and
                 Standards
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Trees
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 full
                 Age
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 Person
                 may
                 reckon
                 that
                 about
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 he
                 shall
                 be
                 reasonably
                 well
                 supplied
                 with
                 Fruits
                 of
                 each
                 Kind
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 have
                 three
                 fine
                 Wall-Minion-Peach-trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 after
                 three
                 ,
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Years
                 Planting
                 at
                 furthest
                 ,
                 one
                 towards
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 another
                 toward
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 these
                 three
                 fine
                 Peach-trees
                 may
                 supply
                 him
                 with
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 for
                 three
                 Weeks
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 yield
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 about
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 fair
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 seven
                 or
                 eight
                 a
                 day
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 Three
                 hundred
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 rate
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 or
                 Sixteen
                 a
                 Day
                 ,
                 from
                 six
                 Peach-trees
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 no
                 over
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Trees
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Kind
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 may
                 have
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Six
                 hundred
                 from
                 Twelve
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 rate
                 of
                 about
                 Thirty
                 a
                 Day
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 Noble
                 Provision
                 ;
                 the
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Mandlin
                   ,
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   Violet
                
                 and
                 Nivete-peaches
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 from
                 so
                 moderate
                 a
                 supputation
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 expect
                 such
                 a
                 considerable
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 greater
                 Reason
                 ,
                 what
                 may
                 we
                 not
                 look
                 for
                 from
                 double
                 ,
                 treble
                 or
                 quadruple
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Trees
                 of
                 those
                 same
                 Kinds
                 of
                 good
                 Fruits
                 ?
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 two
                 Russelet
                 or
                 two
                 
                   Robine
                   pear-trees
                
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 be
                 Dwarfs
                 or
                 Standards
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Age
                 of
                 four
                 ,
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 been
                 always
                 carefully
                 trimmed
                 and
                 cultivated
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 both
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 furnish
                 us
                 for
                 at
                 least
                 Fifteen
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Pears
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 Twenty
                 a
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 four
                 Russelets
                 or
                 four
                 Robine-trees
                 ,
                 will
                 yield
                 us
                 Five
                 or
                 Six
                 hundred
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 ,
                 being
                 about
                 Forty
                 a
                 Day
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Likewise
                 two
                 and
                 four
                 Pear-trees
                 of
                 what
                 Season
                 soever
                 they
                 be
                 ,
                 will
                 yield
                 us
                 of
                 each
                 Kind
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 a
                 like
                 Provision
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 very
                 big
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Thing
                 also
                 holds
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Autumn
                 .
                 And
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Dwarf-trees
                 ,
                 two
                 great
                 Pear-trees
                 of
                 that
                 Figure
                 will
                 in
                 Fifteen
                 Days
                 time
                 ,
                 furnish
                 us
                 near
                 One
                 hundred
                 fine
                 Pears
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 will
                 give
                 us
                 near
                 Two
                 hundred
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 Fourteen
                 or
                 Fifteen
                 a
                 Day
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 Wall-trees
                 ,
                 two
                 and
                 four
                 Bergamots
                 of
                 that
                 Figure
                 will
                 produce
                 no
                 less
                 :
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 for
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 Season
                 ,
                 Two
                 and
                 Four
                 Dwarf-trees
                 of
                 
                   Crassannes
                   ,
                   Marchionesses
                   ,
                   Thorn-pears
                   ,
                   Virgoules
                   ,
                   St.
                   Germains
                   ,
                   St.
                   Augustins
                   ,
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 as
                 also
                 Two
                 and
                 Four
                 Wall-Boncretien-pears
                 will
                 
                 yeild
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 in
                 proportion
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 Standards
                 and
                 high
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Two
                 or
                 Four
                 Pear-trees
                 of
                 those
                 choice
                 Kinds
                 which
                 have
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 to
                 thrive
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 will
                 yield
                 at
                 least
                 double
                 that
                 quantity
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Two
                 or
                 Four
                 hundred
                 goodly
                 Pears
                 :
                 According
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Rule
                 of
                 proportion
                 ,
                 Six
                 and
                 Eight
                 will
                 produce
                 Six
                 hundred
                 ,
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forward
                 
                   in
                   infinitum
                
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 ease
                 of
                 Pear-trees
                 ,
                 may
                 still
                 with
                 greater
                 Reason
                 be
                 extended
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Apple-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 excepting
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Calvil-trees
                
                 ,
                 are
                 ordinarily
                 more
                 Fruitful
                 than
                 the
                 Pear-trees
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Red
                 Fruits
                 whose
                 Product
                 is
                 measured
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 pound-weight
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Baskets
                 heap-full
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Body
                 but
                 knows
                 how
                 to
                 guess
                 well
                 enough
                 at
                 them
                 :
                 All
                 the
                 World
                 likewise
                 knows
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 usual
                 Increase
                 of
                 a
                 Bed
                 of
                 Strawberries
                 ,
                 a
                 Tuft
                 of
                 Raspberry-bushes
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Curran
                 or
                 Gooseberry-shrubs
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a
                 forward
                 
                   Wall
                   Cherry-tree
                
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a
                 Standard
                 Cherry-Agriot
                 or
                 Bigaro-tree
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 well
                 enough
                 known
                 ,
                 That
                 one
                 Musk-melon
                 plant
                 furnishes
                 ordinarily
                 but
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 Melons
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 a
                 one
                 
                 Cowcumber-plant
                 produces
                 of
                 that
                 Fruit
                 successively
                 Two
                 dozen
                 or
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 Our
                 Curious
                 new
                 Planters
                 then
                 having
                 made
                 upon
                 this
                 Foot
                 ,
                 a
                 pretty
                 supputation
                 of
                 the
                 Product
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 may
                 easily
                 Judge
                 how
                 many
                 Stocks
                 or
                 Plants
                 they
                 shall
                 need
                 to
                 Plant
                 of
                 every
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 blindly
                 engaging
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Charge
                 of
                 two
                 great
                 a
                 multitude
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 excessive
                 eagerness
                 to
                 have
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 undertake
                 to
                 Plant
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 seems
                 ,
                 like
                 most
                 new
                 Travellers
                 who
                 ordinarily
                 Travelling
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 Design
                 but
                 barely
                 to
                 content
                 their
                 own
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 omit
                 seeing
                 even
                 the
                 least
                 singularities
                 of
                 each
                 Country
                 ,
                 though
                 perhaps
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 not
                 worth
                 their
                 pains
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 have
                 they
                 been
                 advertised
                 of
                 it
                 before-hand
                 by
                 Men
                 able
                 and
                 experienced
                 that
                 know
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 that
                 caution
                 to
                 spare
                 them
                 such
                 Fruitless
                 Labour
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 hear
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 enough
                 to
                 animate
                 their
                 passionate
                 Desire
                 of
                 seeing
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 told
                 the
                 contrary
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 Person
                 ,
                 though
                 much
                 less
                 knowing
                 in
                 the
                 Matters
                 in
                 Question
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 in
                 our
                 Business
                 of
                 Gardening
                 ,
                 how
                 many
                 Apprentices
                 or
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 Candidates
                 (
                 would
                 I
                 might
                 be
                 permitted
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 term
                 )
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 how
                 many
                 Candidates
                 or
                 N●vices
                 do
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 and
                 who
                 ,
                 will
                 stuff
                 their
                 Gardens
                 with
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 call'd
                 the
                 Rascally
                 Sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 ?
                 It
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 colourable
                 Excuse
                 for
                 the
                 Excessive
                 curiosity
                 of
                 Travellers
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 once
                 upon
                 the
                 Way
                 to
                 see
                 Things
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 at
                 little
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 inform
                 themselves
                 generally
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 person
                 whatsoever
                 shall
                 be
                 able
                 afterwards
                 to
                 impose
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 thwart
                 them
                 concerning
                 Things
                 not
                 seen
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 itching
                 Desire
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Disease
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 harder
                 to
                 cure
                 ,
                 because
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 such
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 inciting
                 Charms
                 of
                 a
                 singular
                 Perfection
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 earnest
                 ,
                 those
                 poor
                 Gentlemen
                 greatly
                 move
                 my
                 pity
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 will
                 never
                 be
                 at
                 quiet
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 spent
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Time
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 know
                 at
                 last
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 Experience
                 attended
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Vexation
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 ten
                 times
                 more
                 kinds
                 of
                 Fruits
                 fit
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 flighted
                 ,
                 than
                 there
                 are
                 good
                 and
                 deserving
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 cultivated
                 ,
                 though
                 perhaps
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 forewarned
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 some
                 understanding
                 Friend
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 not
                 heeded
                 his
                 Counsel
                 .
              
               
                 How
                 happy
                 had
                 I
                 been
                 ,
                 if
                 during
                 those
                 many
                 years
                 that
                 I
                 was
                 serving
                 my
                 Apprenticeship
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 only
                 of
                 my
                 own
                 Head
                 ,
                 I
                 had
                 met
                 with
                 an
                 able
                 Director
                 to
                 Guide
                 me
                 ?
                 For
                 ,
                 above
                 all
                 Things
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 most
                 have
                 needed
                 one
                 to
                 cure
                 me
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 mad
                 Fancy
                 one
                 has
                 commonly
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 
                   New
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 though
                 very
                 often
                 they
                 prove
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 some
                 common
                 sorts
                 disguised
                 under
                 new
                 Names
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 unhappiness
                 caused
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 ignorance
                 of
                 some
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 affectation
                 of
                 some
                 fantastical
                 presumptuous
                 Pretenders
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 vain
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 richer
                 in
                 such
                 Curiosities
                 than
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 endeavour
                 by
                 this
                 Artifice
                 ,
                 to
                 stir
                 up
                 people
                 to
                 Court
                 them
                 for
                 some
                 share
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 ,
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 none
                 of
                 my
                 fault
                 ,
                 if
                 all
                 persons
                 that
                 are
                 curious
                 in
                 Gardening
                 ,
                 avoid
                 not
                 all
                 the
                 shelves
                 by
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 passed
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 setting
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 shortest
                 and
                 best
                 way
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 this
                 Matter
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 assuredly
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Extent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Persons
                 that
                 have
                 lost
                 their
                 way
                 there
                 ,
                 is
                 infinite
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 set
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 Precautions
                 and
                 Observations
                 above
                 specified
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 enter
                 upon
                 the
                 large
                 and
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Choice
                 and
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 engaged
                 my self
                 to
                 give
                 you
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 telling
                 you
                 
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 found
                 it
                 a
                 Work
                 at
                 least
                 as
                 Difficult
                 and
                 Perplexing
                 in
                 the
                 Execution
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 first
                 thought
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 more
                 than
                 I
                 could
                 imagine
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Choice
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     to
                     be
                     Planted
                     alone
                     ;
                     Or
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     be
                     the
                     first
                     in
                     any
                     other
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     are
                     more
                     than
                     one
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THough
                   I
                   doubt
                   not
                   but
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   strong
                   Party
                   of
                   Competitors
                   formed
                   among
                   our
                   best
                   Pears
                   ,
                   ready
                   to
                   vie
                   Merits
                   for
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   Preference
                   here
                   in
                   Question
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   shall
                   make
                   no
                   Difficulty
                   ,
                   without
                   further
                   Consultation
                   ,
                   to
                   declare
                   my self
                   in
                   Favour
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretien-pear
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     First
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     So
                     that
                     what
                     Complaints
                     soever
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     may
                     make
                     against
                     me
                     ,
                     for
                     not
                     at
                     
                     least
                     vouchsafing
                     them
                     a
                     hearing
                     ;
                     I
                     cannot
                     dispense
                     my self
                     from
                     maintaining
                     and
                     standing
                     by
                     this
                     Declaration
                     ,
                     so
                     powerful
                     do
                     those
                     Reasons
                     appear
                     to
                     me
                     that
                     engaged
                     me
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     For
                     ,
                     First
                     ,
                     if
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     so
                     call
                     it
                     ,
                     the
                     Antiquity
                     of
                     its
                     known
                     Extraction
                     may
                     be
                     
                     counted
                     for
                     any
                     advantage
                     to
                     it
                     in
                     this
                     Cause
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     so
                     many
                     other
                     more
                     important
                     Matters
                     ,
                     then
                     without
                     doubt
                     our
                     Boncretien
                     or
                     good
                     
                       Christian
                       pear
                    
                     may
                     in
                     that
                     particular
                     pretend
                     it self
                     much
                     more
                     Noble
                     than
                     all
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     .
                     For
                     though
                     probably
                     all
                     
                     Fruits
                     were
                     created
                     in
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Day
                     ,
                     yet
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     they
                     were
                     not
                     all
                     known
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     Time
                     ,
                     but
                     some
                     sooner
                     and
                     others
                     later
                     :
                     And
                     this
                     Pear
                     was
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     that
                     by
                     its
                     singular
                     Excellencies
                     ,
                     gain'd
                     the
                     Admiration
                     and
                     Courtship
                     of
                     the
                     World
                     :
                     The
                     great
                     Monarchies
                     ,
                     and
                     principally
                     that
                     of
                     Old
                     Rome
                     having
                     known
                     and
                     cultivated
                     it
                     under
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     Crustumium
                     or
                     Volemum
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     in
                     all
                     appearance
                     it
                     often
                     
                     made
                     a
                     noble
                     Figure
                     among
                     those
                     Conquering
                     People
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     magnificent
                     Entertainments
                     they
                     usually
                     made
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     to
                     set
                     out
                     the
                     Splendor
                     of
                     their
                     Triumphs
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     do
                     Honour
                     to
                     the
                     Tributary
                     Kings
                     which
                     often
                     came
                     to
                     pay
                     their
                     Homage
                     to
                     those
                     Masters
                     of
                     the
                     World.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     the
                     Great
                     and
                     Illustrious
                     Name
                     which
                     it
                     has
                     ever
                     born
                     ever
                     since
                     
                     so
                     many
                     Ages
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     which
                     it
                     seems
                     to
                     have
                     been
                     baptized
                     at
                     the
                     very
                     Birth
                     of
                     Christianity
                     it self
                     ;
                     how
                     can
                     it
                     but
                     imprint
                     in
                     all
                     a
                     Veneration
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     in
                     all
                     Christian
                     Gardeners
                     ?
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     third
                     Place
                     ,
                     To
                     consider
                     it
                     in
                     its
                     self
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     with
                     respect
                     only
                     to
                     its
                     own
                     proper
                     Merit
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     particularly
                     in
                     Question
                     ,
                     and
                     can
                     only
                     intitle
                     it
                     to
                     a
                     preference
                     in
                     this
                     place
                     ;
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     confessed
                     ,
                     That
                     among
                     Kernel-Fruits
                     ,
                     Nature
                     presents
                     us
                     nothing
                     so
                     Beautiful
                     ,
                     nor
                     so
                     Noble
                     to
                     behold
                     as
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     whether
                     we
                     consider
                     
                     its
                     shape
                     which
                     is
                     long
                     and
                     pyramidical
                     ,
                     or
                     its
                     bigness
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     prodigious
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     for
                     Example
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Inches
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     five
                     or
                     six
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     commonly
                     of
                     a
                     pound
                     weight
                     or
                     more
                     ,
                     nay
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     exceeding
                     two
                     pounds
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     certainly
                     a
                     truth
                     of
                     rare
                     and
                     singular
                     Remark
                     :
                     Or
                     particularly
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     cast
                     our
                     Eyes
                     upon
                     its
                     lively
                     Carnation
                     Colour
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     the
                     ground
                     of
                     its
                     natural
                     Yellow
                     is
                     so
                     charmingly
                     set
                     off
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     favourable
                     Sun
                     and
                     advantageous
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     attracts
                     the
                     Admiration
                     of
                     the
                     whole
                     World
                     :
                     Add
                     to
                     this
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     Pear
                     which
                     of
                     all
                     others
                     gives
                     the
                     longest
                     pleasure
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     it
                     continues
                     still
                     increasing
                     to
                     the
                     view
                     of
                     the
                     Eye
                     from
                     May
                     till
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     Fruit-Magazine
                     ;
                     where
                     easily
                     preserving
                     its
                     self
                     for
                     four
                     or
                     five
                     Months
                     together
                     ,
                     it
                     daily
                     pleasures
                     the
                     sight
                     of
                     the
                     Curious
                     that
                     have
                     a
                     mind
                     to
                     look
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     the
                     view
                     of
                     a
                     Jewel
                     or
                     a
                     Treasure
                     rejoyces
                     the
                     Master
                     that
                     possesses
                     it
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     the
                     Pear
                     that
                     does
                     the
                     greatest
                     Honour
                     at
                     all
                     Tables
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     in
                     all
                     Countries
                     ,
                     and
                     principally
                     in
                     France
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     Gardens
                     produce
                     a
                     wonderful
                     quantity
                     of
                     them
                     has
                     acquired
                     the
                     greatest
                     Reputation
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     most
                     commonly
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     when
                     any
                     considerable
                     Presents
                     of
                     Fruits
                     are
                     made
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     sent
                     to
                     remote
                     places
                     ,
                     either
                     within
                     or
                     without
                     the
                     Kingdom
                     ;
                     and
                     
                     lastly
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     Pear
                     for
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     which
                     ,
                     the
                     ablest
                     Gard'ners
                     have
                     always
                     Laboured
                     with
                     the
                     greatest
                     Passion
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     which
                     yields
                     the
                     greatest
                     profit
                     to
                     those
                     which
                     Cultivate
                     it
                     only
                     to
                     expose
                     to
                     Sale.
                     It
                     is
                     always
                     very
                     good
                     stewed
                     or
                     baked
                     ,
                     when
                     People
                     have
                     a
                     mind
                     to
                     eat
                     of
                     it
                     a
                     little
                     before
                     't
                     is
                     full
                     ripe
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     cannot
                     be
                     denied
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     most
                     Excellent
                     when
                     we
                     give
                     it
                     time
                     to
                     mellow
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     come
                     out
                     of
                     a
                     Garden
                     where
                     the
                     Soil
                     is
                     naturally
                     good
                     ,
                     or
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     well
                     Cultivated
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     has
                     this
                     Advantage
                     over
                     and
                     above
                     ,
                     That
                     its
                     mellowness
                     is
                     not
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Butter-fruits
                     ,
                     which
                     passes
                     ,
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     like
                     Lightning
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     those
                     Sorts
                     of
                     Fruits
                     are
                     no
                     sooner
                     mellow
                     ,
                     but
                     they
                     grow
                     soft
                     and
                     pappy
                     ,
                     and
                     degenerate
                     into
                     Rottenness
                     ;
                     whereas
                     the
                     mellowness
                     of
                     each
                     Boncretien-pear
                     continues
                     to
                     maintain
                     it self
                     in
                     Vigour
                     for
                     some
                     whole
                     Months
                     together
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     seemed
                     with
                     Patience
                     to
                     wait
                     the
                     time
                     when
                     we
                     shall
                     be
                     pleased
                     to
                     do
                     it
                     the
                     Honour
                     to
                     Employ
                     it
                     to
                     those
                     Uses
                     for
                     which
                     Nature
                     design'd
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     true
                     indeed
                     ,
                     That
                     in
                     the
                     Order
                     I
                     have
                     established
                     for
                     the
                     Excellence
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     the
                     first
                     degree
                     of
                     Goodness
                     is
                     altogether
                     wanting
                     to
                     this
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Buttery
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     it
                     may
                     seem
                     ,
                     that
                     because
                     here
                     our
                     Business
                     is
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     first
                     Rank
                     to
                     that
                     sort
                     of
                     Pears
                     only
                     ,
                     that
                     can
                     vaunt
                     it self
                     to
                     have
                     the
                     most
                     Excellent
                     Taste
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     not
                     grant
                     it
                     to
                     this
                     which
                     ,
                     by
                     my
                     own
                     Confession
                     ,
                     is
                     but
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     Class
                     of
                     good
                     Ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     though
                     it
                     has
                     not
                     the
                     first
                     degree
                     of
                     Goodness
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     certain
                     ,
                     it
                     wants
                     not
                     the
                     second
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     a
                     Pulp
                     that
                     eats
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     often
                     tender
                     enough
                     ,
                     with
                     an
                     agreeable
                     Taste
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     sweet
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     ,
                     indifferently
                     abundant
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     perfum'd
                     ;
                     from
                     the
                     Consideration
                     of
                     which
                     ,
                     without
                     doubt
                     ,
                     it
                     was
                     that
                     our
                     Fathers
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     great
                     Distinction
                     between
                     that
                     and
                     other
                     Pears
                     ,
                     added
                     to
                     its
                     Name
                     the
                     Epithet
                     of
                     Good
                     ,
                     without
                     doing
                     the
                     same
                     Thing
                     in
                     Favour
                     of
                     any
                     other
                     Pear
                     ;
                     which
                     additional
                     Name
                     has
                     remained
                     to
                     it
                     every
                     where
                     in
                     all
                     Countries
                     ,
                     but
                     only
                     in
                     Poitou
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     People
                     content
                     themselves
                     with
                     calling
                     it
                     only
                     the
                     Christian-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     ,
                     besides
                     all
                     the
                     Advantages
                     above-mentioned
                     ,
                     it
                     has
                     likewise
                     this
                     ,
                     which
                     appears
                     to
                     me
                     a
                     very
                     great
                     one
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     when
                     all
                     other
                     Pears
                     are
                     past
                     ,
                     this
                     still
                     remains
                     to
                     Honour
                     our
                     Tables
                     till
                     the
                     new
                     Fruits
                     of
                     the
                     Spring
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     by
                     consequence
                     ,
                     protracts
                     even
                     so
                     far
                     as
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     the
                     pleasure
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     love
                     raw
                     Fruit.
                     All
                     which
                     summ'd
                     up
                     together
                     ,
                     excites
                     in
                     me
                     so
                     much
                     Consideration
                     for
                     the
                     
                       Good
                       Christian
                    
                     or
                     Boncretien-pear
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     think
                     I
                     should
                     do
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Injustice
                     if
                     I
                     should
                     refuse
                     it
                     the
                     Place
                     of
                     a
                     First
                     Dwarf-pear-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     know
                     very
                     well
                     it
                     pleases
                     not
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     slighted
                     by
                     certain
                     People
                     ,
                     that
                     accuse
                     it
                     to
                     have
                     commonly
                     a
                     Pulp
                     or
                     Flesh
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     tough
                     and
                     strong
                     ,
                     or
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     not
                     very
                     fine
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     which
                     I
                     answer
                     ,
                     That
                     those
                     are
                     general
                     Accusations
                     ,
                     and
                     such
                     as
                     may
                     in
                     a
                     manner
                     be
                     made
                     against
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     it
                     being
                     but
                     too
                     true
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     are
                     not
                     to
                     expect
                     to
                     find
                     any
                     that
                     are
                     absolutely
                     perfect
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     accordingly
                     we
                     call
                     only
                     those
                     good
                     Fruits
                     which
                     have
                     the
                     fewest
                     Defects
                     .
                     I
                     will
                     not
                     deny
                     but
                     that
                     among
                     
                       Boncretien
                       pears
                    
                     ,
                     there
                     may
                     be
                     some
                     that
                     may
                     deserve
                     the
                     Reproach
                     cast
                     on
                     them
                     by
                     those
                     Persons
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     they
                     deserve
                     it
                     not
                     always
                     by
                     their
                     own
                     Fault
                     ,
                     since
                     it
                     is
                     true
                     there
                     very
                     often
                     are
                     found
                     most
                     excellent
                     Ones
                     among
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     those
                     Defects
                     ,
                     when
                     found
                     in
                     these
                     Pears
                     ,
                     are
                     rather
                     to
                     be
                     attributed
                     to
                     the
                     badness
                     of
                     the
                     Soil
                     in
                     which
                     they
                     grew
                     ,
                     as
                     not
                     being
                     proper
                     for
                     the
                     producing
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     their
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     Planted
                     in
                     a
                     Quarter
                     not
                     blessed
                     with
                     a
                     favourable
                     Aspect
                     from
                     the
                     Sun
                     ;
                     or
                     to
                     the
                     Negligence
                     or
                     Unskilfulness
                     of
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     who
                     took
                     not
                     sufficient
                     care
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     the
                     over
                     hastiness
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     needs
                     will
                     be
                     serving
                     them
                     up
                     before
                     they
                     are
                     come
                     to
                     a
                     fit
                     Maturity
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     know
                     very
                     well
                     too
                     ,
                     There
                     are
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     Persons
                     that
                     think
                     a
                     Boncretien
                     can
                     never
                     prove
                     good
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     't
                     is
                     absolutely
                     impossible
                     to
                     have
                     any
                     fine
                     ones
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     upon
                     Wall-trees
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     will
                     highly
                     condemn
                     me
                     for
                     chusing
                     it
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     to
                     be
                     Planted
                     in
                     a
                     Scituation
                     which
                     they
                     pretend
                     directly
                     contrary
                     to
                     it
                     .
                     But
                     though
                     I
                     do
                     ingenuously
                     grant
                     it
                     true
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     Boncretien
                     succeeds
                     best
                     upon
                     a
                     Wall-tree
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     acquiring
                     that
                     Vermilion
                     that
                     so
                     well
                     becomes
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     the
                     full
                     Air
                     on
                     a
                     Standard-tree
                     cannot
                     give
                     it
                     in
                     such
                     Perfection
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     believe
                     I
                     have
                     hitherto
                     pretty
                     well
                     succeeded
                     in
                     disabusing
                     a
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Curious
                     Persons
                     of
                     the
                     false
                     Impression
                     they
                     had
                     against
                     a
                     Boncretien
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     by
                     shewing
                     them
                     by
                     the
                     certain
                     Experience
                     of
                     several
                     Years
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     Gardens
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     Extent
                     ,
                     well
                     closed
                     and
                     sheltred
                     from
                     the
                     great
                     Colds
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     good
                     Walls
                     of
                     their
                     own
                     ,
                     or
                     by
                     several
                     Buildings
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     consequently
                     are
                     in
                     a
                     good
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     and
                     advantaged
                     besides
                     with
                     a
                     Soil
                     indifferently
                     good
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     Nature
                     or
                     by
                     the
                     help
                     of
                     Art
                     ;
                     that
                     upon
                     Trees
                     
                     of
                     that
                     Figure
                     may
                     be
                     raised
                     very
                     goodly
                     
                       Boncretien
                       pears
                    
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     very
                     great
                     ones
                     well
                     shaped
                     with
                     a
                     good
                     fine
                     Skin
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     blushed
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     next
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     their
                     Bodies
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     green
                     proper
                     to
                     take
                     a
                     yellow
                     as
                     they
                     grow
                     ripe
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     Word
                     ,
                     very
                     Excellent
                     Pears
                     ,
                     and
                     such
                     as
                     few
                     
                       Wall
                       trees
                    
                     were
                     seen
                     able
                     to
                     compare
                     with
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     ,
                     to
                     put
                     an
                     End
                     to
                     this
                     Contestation
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     not
                     necessary
                     to
                     make
                     here
                     any
                     other
                     Answers
                     ,
                     than
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     ,
                     to
                     invite
                     our
                     Adversaries
                     to
                     go
                     in
                     Autumn
                     and
                     see
                     the
                     Dwarf-trees
                     in
                     several
                     Gardens
                     at
                     Paris
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     Vernon
                     ,
                     where
                     they
                     rear
                     such
                     ●ine
                     ones
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     to
                     ask
                     them
                     whether
                     before
                     the
                     use
                     of
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     not
                     Ancient
                     ,
                     there
                     were
                     no
                     where
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Air
                     any
                     fair
                     Boncretiens
                     ?
                     if
                     they
                     say
                     not
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     Back-Courts
                     of
                     the
                     Provinces
                     of
                     
                       Tourain
                       ,
                       Angoumois
                       ,
                       Poitou
                       ,
                       Auche
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     where
                     they
                     grow
                     even
                     upon
                     Standard-trees
                     ,
                     will
                     evidence
                     the
                     contrary
                     against
                     any
                     that
                     shall
                     deny
                     it
                     :
                     To
                     which
                     add
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     invincible
                     Persecution
                     of
                     the
                     Tyger-babbs
                     ,
                     keeps
                     the
                     Pears
                     too
                     far
                     
                     off
                     from
                     the
                     Assistance
                     of
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     renders
                     it
                     impracticable
                     almost
                     in
                     those
                     Parts
                     ,
                     to
                     raise
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     upon
                     any
                     other
                     Trees
                     but
                     Dwarfs
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     fine
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     whole
                     Matter
                     is
                     well
                     examined
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     perswaded
                     ,
                     That
                     whosoever
                     shall
                     count
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     the
                     Enemies
                     of
                     the
                     Boncretien
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Reasons
                     they
                     think
                     they
                     have
                     to
                     condemn
                     it
                     for
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     shall
                     reckon
                     up
                     its
                     Approvers
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Experiences
                     they
                     have
                     on
                     their
                     side
                     ,
                     will
                     find
                     the
                     Number
                     of
                     these
                     lat●er
                     greater
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     or
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     least
                     ,
                     equal
                     to
                     it
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     I
                     think
                     I
                     have
                     enough
                     wherewith
                     to
                     maintain
                     the
                     Preference
                     here
                     in
                     Question
                     .
                  
                   
                     Away
                     with
                     all
                     those
                     Different
                     Kinds
                     of
                     Boncretiens
                     which
                     some
                     Curious
                     Persons
                     have
                     
                     fancied
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     they
                     would
                     perswade
                     us
                     to
                     be
                     Real
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Long
                     ,
                     the
                     Round
                     ,
                     the
                     Green
                     ,
                     the
                     Golden
                     ,
                     the
                     Brown
                     ,
                     the
                     Satin
                     ,
                     that
                     of
                     Auche
                     ,
                     that
                     of
                     England
                     ,
                     that
                     without
                     Core
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     For
                     all
                     these
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     found
                     upon
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     assuredly
                     make
                     but
                     one
                     single
                     and
                     only
                     kind
                     ,
                     the
                     general
                     mutual
                     likeness
                     not
                     only
                     of
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     Leaves
                     and
                     Flowers
                     of
                     all
                     these
                     pretended
                     sorts
                     of
                     Boncretien-trees
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     more
                     particularly
                     the
                     resemblance
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     the
                     Pear
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     ripening
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     its
                     short-eating
                     Pulp
                     and
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     ,
                     &c.
                     visibly
                     confirm
                     this
                     Truth
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Differences
                     of
                     Soils
                     and
                     Expositions
                     ,
                     of
                     dry
                     and
                     wet
                     Summers
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     Vigour
                     and
                     Weakness
                     in
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     in
                     the
                     whole
                     Tree
                     ,
                     or
                     only
                     in
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Those
                     Differences
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     cause
                     these
                     other
                     little
                     External
                     Differences
                     of
                     Colour
                     ,
                     Figure
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     The
                     Wall-tree
                     will
                     produce
                     Fruit
                     more
                     golden
                     than
                     green
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Dwarf-tree
                     more
                     green
                     than
                     golden
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     Dwarf
                     graffed
                     upon
                     a
                     Free-stock
                     will
                     produce
                     greener
                     Fruit
                     than
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     graffed
                     upon
                     a
                     
                     Quince-stock
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     the
                     Tree
                     be
                     sick
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     young
                     or
                     old
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     bring
                     Fruit
                     without
                     a
                     Core
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     that
                     very
                     same
                     Tree
                     ,
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     any
                     vigorous
                     Branch
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     often
                     enough
                     happens
                     ,
                     there
                     will
                     be
                     a
                     Core
                     in
                     the
                     Fruit
                     that
                     grows
                     upon
                     that
                     vigorous
                     side
                     ,
                     though
                     there
                     be
                     none
                     in
                     the
                     Pears
                     that
                     grow
                     upon
                     the
                     infirm
                     Branches
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     from
                     that
                     yellowish
                     and
                     languishing
                     side
                     ,
                     a
                     Branch
                     be
                     taken
                     and
                     graffed
                     happily
                     upon
                     a
                     sound
                     and
                     lively
                     Stock
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     produce
                     a
                     Tree
                     both
                     green
                     and
                     brisk
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     shew
                     not
                     only
                     the
                     Conformity
                     of
                     its
                     kind
                     with
                     that
                     of
                     other
                     Boncretiens
                     ;
                     but
                     likewise
                     its
                     good
                     Health
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     by
                     the
                     Core
                     as
                     the
                     the
                     green
                     Colour
                     of
                     its
                     Pear
                     :
                     Upon
                     which
                     occasion
                     I
                     shall
                     tell
                     you
                     ,
                     That
                     such
                     Boncretien-pears
                     as
                     grow
                     yellow
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     a
                     Skin
                     that
                     feels
                     extraordinarily
                     soft
                     ,
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     have
                     but
                     a
                     very
                     indifferent
                     goodness
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     good
                     Fruit-Branch
                     will
                     produce
                     a
                     Pear
                     long
                     and
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     Fruit-Branch
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     more
                     inferiour
                     Goodness
                     ,
                     will
                     form
                     its
                     Fruit
                     short
                     ,
                     flat
                     and
                     roundish
                     :
                     A
                     good
                     Soil
                     gives
                     it
                     a
                     fine
                     Skin
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     delicate
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     whereas
                     a
                     fat
                     and
                     moist
                     Earth
                     renders
                     its
                     Skin
                     rough
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Pulp
                     gross
                     and
                     course
                     .
                  
                   
                     They
                     might
                     as
                     well
                     make
                     different
                     kinds
                     of
                     great
                     and
                     little
                     ,
                     of
                     horned
                     and
                     crumpled
                     ,
                     of
                     well
                     shaped
                     and
                     well
                     look'd
                     ,
                     &c.
                     which
                     would
                     be
                     a
                     very
                     ridiculous
                     fancy
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     carefully
                     to
                     be
                     avoided
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Winter-Boncretien
                     then
                     ,
                     such
                     a
                     one
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     word
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     every
                     where
                     known
                     by
                     Persons
                     of
                     Quality
                     for
                     such
                     ,
                     without
                     ever
                     changing
                     its
                     Name
                     ,
                     as
                     most
                     other
                     Fruits
                     have
                     done
                     .
                     This
                     Boncretien
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     then
                     the
                     Dwarf-tree
                     that
                     I
                     would
                     Plant
                     in
                     a
                     little
                     Garden
                     well
                     qualified
                     ,
                     where
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     design'd
                     to
                     Plant
                     but
                     only
                     one
                     Dwarf-pear-tree
                     ;
                     and
                     this
                     same
                     Pear-tree
                     should
                     be
                     likewise
                     the
                     first
                     I
                     would
                     chuse
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     for
                     a
                     Garden
                     in
                     which
                     I
                     should
                     have
                     room
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     for
                     all
                     the
                     other
                     Gardens
                     alike
                     well
                     qualified
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     I
                     should
                     have
                     room
                     for
                     many
                     more
                     such
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     if
                     there
                     were
                     but
                     little
                     Walling
                     for
                     those
                     Trees
                     that
                     should
                     be
                     designed
                     for
                     that
                     Station
                     .
                     And
                     this
                     Boncretien-tree
                     should
                     first
                     be
                     graffed
                     upon
                     a
                     Quince
                     :
                     stock
                     ,
                     chiefly
                     because
                     the
                     Boncretien-Dwarfs
                     graffed
                     on
                     
                     Free-stocks
                     ,
                     commonly
                     bring
                     Fruit
                     
                     spotted
                     ,
                     small
                     ,
                     crumpled
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     And
                     consequently
                     disagreeable
                     to
                     the
                     sight
                     :
                     In
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     Planted
                     in
                     that
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Garden
                     facing
                     the
                     
                       Wall
                       trees
                    
                     ,
                     nearest
                     the
                     Wall
                     exposed
                     to
                     the
                     most
                     favourable
                     Sun
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     immediately
                     after
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     I
                     would
                     have
                     the
                     leaves
                     taken
                     off
                     that
                     hindred
                     the
                     Sun
                     from
                     shining
                     upon
                     the
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     all
                     Precautions
                     extreamly
                     important
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     yet
                     speaking
                     of
                     those
                     Country
                     Gardens
                     that
                     want
                     all
                     the
                     good
                     Qualities
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     good
                     Conditions
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     newly
                     described
                     in
                     respect
                     to
                     the
                     ordering
                     of
                     small
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     yet
                     I
                     could
                     wish
                     to
                     all
                     good
                     Fruit
                     Trees
                     ;
                     for
                     then
                     I
                     should
                     be
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     different
                     Sentiment
                     from
                     that
                     I
                     declare
                     my self
                     of
                     here
                     in
                     regard
                     to
                     our
                     Boncretien
                     ;
                     for
                     I
                     would
                     Plant
                     but
                     little
                     of
                     it
                     there
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     were
                     in
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     Wall-trees
                     ;
                     being
                     resolv'd
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     whatever
                     it
                     cost
                     ,
                     to
                     Plant
                     some
                     Boncretiens
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     since
                     ,
                     in
                     Truth
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     nothing
                     better
                     for
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     Winter
                     ,
                     than
                     this
                     Noble
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Choice
                     of
                     a
                     Second
                     Dwarf-pear-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     after
                     that
                     ,
                     concerning
                     the
                     Choice
                     of
                     a
                     Third
                     ,
                     Fourth
                     ,
                     Fifth
                     and
                     Sixth
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   NOW
                   let
                   us
                   see
                   upon
                   what
                   Pear-tree
                   our
                   Choice
                   will
                   fall
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Second
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   that
                   little
                   Garden
                   where
                   there
                   can
                   be
                   but
                   Two
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Second
                   of
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   room
                   for
                   a
                   greater
                   Number
                   ;
                   for
                   truly
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   point
                   not
                   over-easie
                   to
                   decide
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   above
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   Six
                   different
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pears
                   that
                   put
                   in
                   briskly
                   for
                   this
                   Second
                   place
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   can
                   hardly
                   brook
                   without
                   murmuring
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Boncretien
                   should
                   peaceably
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Honour
                   it
                   has
                   newly
                   received
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Autumn
                     Bergamot
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   the
                   Leschasserie
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Winter
                     Ambret
                  
                   and
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn-pear
                  
                   :
                   Nay
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   the
                   ancient
                   Petit-oin
                   ,
                   the
                   Louise-bonne
                   or
                   
                     Good
                     Louise
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   four
                   new
                   Commers
                   ,
                   namely
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     St.
                     Germain
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Colmar
                   ,
                   the
                   Crasanne
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Marquiss
                   or
                   Marchioness
                   ,
                   which
                   finding
                   themselves
                   provided
                   with
                   sufficient
                   Merit
                   ,
                   want
                   not
                   the
                   Ambition
                   to
                   enter
                   into
                   this
                   Dispute
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   Twelve
                   pretending
                   severally
                   to
                   have
                   more
                   Perfections
                   ,
                   and
                   fewer
                   Defects
                   than
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   its
                   Rivals
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   nothing
                   inferior
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   accordingly
                   pretending
                   too
                   ,
                   to
                   win
                   from
                   them
                   the
                   Place
                   that
                   is
                   here
                   in
                   Question
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   grant
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   have
                   such
                   powerful
                   Motives
                   for
                   their
                   several
                   Pretentions
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   cannot
                   be
                   censured
                   to
                   have
                   made
                   an
                   ill
                   Choice
                   to
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   soever
                   we
                   shall
                   give
                   the
                   Preference
                   :
                   However
                   ,
                   my
                   Judgment
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   these
                   Six
                   last
                   ought
                   to
                   retire
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   the
                   Six
                   first
                   to
                   fight
                   out
                   this
                   Quarrel
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   shall
                   give
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   be
                   not
                   mistaken
                   ,
                   such
                   good
                   Reasons
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   hope
                   their
                   Patrons
                   will
                   be
                   satisfied
                   with
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   before
                   I
                   declare
                   my self
                   for
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   Six
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   examine
                   separately
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   prejudice
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   Reasons
                   pleaded
                   by
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   begin
                   with
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   concerning
                   which
                   I
                   must
                   first
                   lay
                   it
                   down
                   for
                   a
                   Conclusion
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   red
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Ambroise
                   or
                   Isambert
                   of
                   the
                   Normans
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   grey
                   Butter
                   and
                   green
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   are
                   but
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   oftentimes
                   all
                   these
                   pretended
                   Sorts
                   are
                   found
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   ,
                   those
                   differences
                   of
                   Colour
                   having
                   no
                   other
                   Foundation
                   in
                   a
                   manner
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   remarked
                   in
                   the
                   Boncretien
                   ;
                   the
                   fair
                   Exposition
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   an
                   indifferent
                   weak
                   Temper
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   any
                   particular
                   Branch
                   ,
                   producing
                   red
                   Pears
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   shady
                   Situation
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   vigour
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   any
                   particular
                   Branch
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   making
                   grey
                   or
                   green
                   ones
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Quince
                   and
                   Free-stocks
                   upon
                   which
                   these
                   Pear-trees
                   are
                   graffed
                   ,
                   shew
                   themselves
                   by
                   the
                   different
                   Colours
                   with
                   which
                   they
                   tinge
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   the
                   Colour
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   on
                   Free-stocks
                   being
                   quite
                   another
                   thing
                   from
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Boncretien
                   graffed
                   on
                   a
                   
                   Quince-stock
                   :
                   Besides
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   dryness
                   or
                   moistness
                   of
                   the
                   Soil
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   grow
                   ,
                   fail
                   not
                   to
                   imprint
                   some
                   Marlts
                   and
                   Features
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Fashion
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   first
                   laid
                   down
                   as
                   a
                   necessary
                   Remark
                   ,
                   the
                   Reasons
                   of
                   this
                   Butter-pear
                   are
                   ,
                   
                   first
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   possess'd
                   in
                   such
                   Perfection
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Degree
                   of
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   desired
                   in
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   smooth
                   delicious
                   melting
                   Softness
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Butter-pear
                   
                   was
                   for
                   that
                   Quality
                   given
                   it
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Excellence
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   its
                   name
                   is
                   borrowed
                   to
                   give
                   to
                   others
                   whose
                   Merit
                   we
                   would
                   Extol
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   this
                   Pear
                   believes
                   to
                   
                   have
                   Right
                   to
                   pretend
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Pears
                   should
                   dispute
                   with
                   it
                   for
                   an
                   extream
                   abundance
                   of
                   Juice
                   ,
                   nor
                   for
                   a
                   fine
                   and
                   delicate
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   Taste
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   all
                   the
                   Conditions
                   necessary
                   to
                   constitute
                   an
                   excellent
                   Pear
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   ,
                   it
                   pretends
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   advantage
                   to
                   charm
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   by
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   its
                   Body
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   goodliness
                   of
                   its
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   Beauty
                   of
                   its
                   Colour
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   it
                   is
                   perswaded
                   ,
                   It
                   may
                   hope
                   all
                   Things
                   from
                   the
                   Happiness
                   it
                   has
                   to
                   be
                   extreamly
                   fertile
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   commonly
                   every
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   it
                   is
                   loaden
                   almost
                   ready
                   to
                   break
                   ,
                   and
                   succeeds
                   as
                   well
                   upon
                   a
                   Free-stock
                   ,
                   as
                   upon
                   a
                   Quince
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   as
                   well
                   under
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   Ignorant
                   as
                   of
                   Able
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   seldom
                   or
                   never
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   Doughy
                   ,
                   Insipid
                   and
                   Mealy
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   most
                   other
                   tender
                   Pears
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   incommoded
                   by
                   the
                   full
                   Air
                   as
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   bears
                   sooner
                   than
                   the
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   and
                   produces
                   fairer
                   Fruit
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   its
                   Competitors
                   .
                   Here
                   are
                   without
                   doubt
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   of
                   great
                   Weight
                   and
                   Authority
                   ,
                   strongly
                   to
                   prove
                   and
                   confirm
                   the
                   right
                   of
                   the
                   Butter-pears
                   claim
                   in
                   this
                   Cause
                   .
                
                 
                   Nay
                   ,
                   its
                   Friends
                   would
                   fain
                   believe
                   further
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   the
                   
                     Butter
                     pear
                  
                   could
                   be
                   had
                   at
                   all
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   could
                   cure
                   our selves
                   of
                   the
                   natural
                   Curiosity
                   we
                   have
                   for
                   Change
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   Variety
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   that
                   case
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   think
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   than
                   this
                   Famous
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   really
                   so
                   Excellent
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   Confession
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   September
                   when
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   ripen
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   well
                   enough
                   content
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   Peaches
                   pass
                   away
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   in
                   its
                   Commendation
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Autumn
                     Bergamot
                  
                   making
                   no
                   great
                   Account
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   has
                   just
                   now
                   been
                   said
                   in
                   
                   Favour
                   of
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   presents
                   it self
                   to
                   stop
                   this
                   Question
                   of
                   Precedence
                   from
                   being
                   so
                   soon
                   decided
                   :
                   Its
                   Party
                   is
                   very
                   numerous
                   and
                   formidable
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   its
                   Excellence
                   is
                   very
                   much
                   known
                   :
                   And
                   indeed
                   I
                   see
                   a
                   Thousand
                   People
                   that
                   assert
                   ,
                   
                   That
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   considered
                   with
                   respect
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Ingredient
                   Parts
                   of
                   its
                   Goodness
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   its
                   tender
                   and
                   melting
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   its
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   little
                   smack
                   of
                   Perfume
                   that
                   accompanies
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   more
                   valuable
                   than
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Pears
                   in
                   general
                   ;
                   they
                   also
                   affirm
                   ,
                   That
                   Fruitfulness
                   is
                   not
                   much
                   less
                   on
                   the
                   Bergamots
                   side
                   ,
                   than
                   on
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   ordinarily
                   loaded
                   with
                   a
                   sufficient
                   abundance
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   quickly
                   repays
                   the
                   pains
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   Cultivate
                   it
                   .
                   Add
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   find
                   by
                   the
                   Experience
                   we
                   have
                   of
                   almost
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   in
                   its
                   Favour
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Truth
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   midling
                   Bergamot-pear
                   is
                   as
                   good
                   as
                   the
                   biggest
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   very
                   often
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   midling
                   one
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   Excellent
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   appeared
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   most
                   despisable
                   ,
                   which
                   Advantage
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   esteemed
                   as
                   a
                   singular
                   and
                   considerable
                   Argument
                   in
                   its
                   Favour
                   .
                   This
                   Pear
                   commonly
                   uses
                   to
                   furnish
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   October
                   and
                   part
                   of
                   November
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   passes
                   on
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   December
                   ,
                   which
                   gives
                   a
                   wonderful
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   our
                   Curious
                   Gentlemen
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   truth
                   ,
                   we
                   had
                   need
                   to
                   provide
                   our selves
                   with
                   Trees
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   different
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   in
                   divers
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   different
                   Stocks
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   Free-stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   
                   Quince-stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   various
                   Figures
                   of
                   
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     Wall-trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   of
                   Standards
                   too
                   ,
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   assist
                   the
                   Inclination
                   this
                   Pear
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   to
                   entertain
                   us
                   several
                   Months
                   together
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   note
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   That
                   you
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   believe
                   there
                   is
                   any
                   other
                   difference
                   in
                   Bergamot-pears
                   (
                   I
                   man
                   those
                   of
                   Autumn
                   and
                   not
                   of
                   Summer
                   )
                   but
                   what
                   consists
                   in
                   the
                   Colour
                   only
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   that
                   difference
                   is
                   real
                   ;
                   for
                   indeed
                   there
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   a
                   greenish
                   grey
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   simply
                   named
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     Common
                     Bergamot
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     Pear
                     de
                     la
                     Hiliere
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     de
                     Recous
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   they
                   all
                   signifying
                   but
                   one
                   thing
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   is
                   another
                   that
                   is
                   strip'd
                   with
                   yellow
                   and
                   green
                   streaks
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   it
                   be
                   called
                   the
                   Suisse-Bergamot
                   ,
                   this
                   motley
                   Colour
                   appearing
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   both
                   in
                   the
                   Wood
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   internal
                   Excellence
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   equal
                   both
                   in
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   both
                   as
                   good
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ;
                   they
                   also
                   agree
                   together
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   proportion
                   of
                   bigness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   sometimes
                   of
                   three
                   Inches
                   Diameter
                   in
                   thickness
                   ,
                   but
                   most
                   commonly
                   but
                   of
                   one
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   or
                   two
                   Inches
                   ;
                   they
                   likewise
                   agree
                   both
                   in
                   having
                   a
                   flattish
                   shape
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Eye
                   or
                   Crown
                   sinking
                   hollow
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   short
                   and
                   small
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   and
                   polish'd
                   and
                   yellowish
                   Skin
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   moistish
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   ripe
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Would
                   to
                   God
                   it
                   were
                   true
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   
                     Latter
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   
                     Lent
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   every
                   Year
                   we
                   could
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   till
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   as
                   sometimes
                   it
                   happens
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   that
                   case
                   we
                   might
                   have
                   just
                   Grounds
                   to
                   brag
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   had
                   for
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Months
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   the
                   real
                   Treasure
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Some
                   certain
                   curious
                   Persons
                   would
                   fain
                   have
                   perswaded
                   themselves
                   and
                   me
                   too
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   infallibly
                   had
                   this
                   sort
                   of
                   latter
                   Bergamots
                   ;
                   but
                   to
                   my
                   great
                   regret
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   confessing
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   this
                   present
                   time
                   I
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   able
                   to
                   convince
                   my self
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   attained
                   any
                   such
                   good
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   although
                   in
                   truth
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   wanting
                   neither
                   in
                   Care
                   ,
                   nor
                   Diligence
                   ,
                   nor
                   in
                   any
                   other
                   Precaution
                   that
                   might
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   making
                   a
                   Conquest
                   of
                   that
                   Importance
                   ;
                   for
                   what
                   have
                   I
                   attempted
                   for
                   that
                   End
                   ,
                   what
                   in
                   Pains
                   and
                   what
                   in
                   Expences
                   ,
                   is
                   insinite
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   particular
                   Account
                   and
                   Relation
                   of
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   but
                   troublesom
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   which
                   has
                   given
                   occasion
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   such
                   Things
                   as
                   late
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   some
                   very
                   rainy
                   Years
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   some
                   Soils
                   more
                   fat
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   some
                   Exposition
                   less
                   Sunny
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   some
                   Tree
                   more
                   Vigorous
                   than
                   ordinary
                   ,
                   we
                   commonly
                   keep
                   some
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   till
                   Lent
                   ,
                   and
                   thereupon
                   we
                   take
                   pleasure
                   to
                   deceive
                   our selves
                   with
                   the
                   hopes
                   of
                   having
                   the
                   like
                   every
                   Year
                   :
                   But
                   ,
                   the
                   truth
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   commonly
                   chance
                   has
                   more
                   part
                   in
                   all
                   this
                   than
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   which
                   produces
                   some
                   for
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   yields
                   some
                   others
                   likewise
                   sometimes
                   for
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   chiefly
                   when
                   any
                   particular
                   Branch
                   of
                   it
                   has
                   blossom'd
                   much
                   later
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   the
                   Pears
                   which
                   were
                   the
                   last
                   in
                   knitting
                   ,
                   being
                   commonly
                   the
                   last
                   that
                   ripen
                   on
                   that
                   Tree
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   happens
                   but
                   very
                   rarely
                   :
                   Or
                   else
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   very
                   probably
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Bergamots
                   we
                   have
                   so
                   in
                   the
                   latter
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   growth
                   of
                   such
                   Standard-trees
                   as
                   are
                   Grafted
                   upon
                   Free-stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   but
                   little
                   shone
                   upon
                   by
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   the
                   success
                   of
                   such
                   Trees
                   being
                   ordinarily
                   very
                   dubious
                   and
                   uncertain
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   for
                   the
                   producing
                   of
                   Pears
                   that
                   are
                   fair
                   ,
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   and
                   backward
                   .
                   But
                   howsoever
                   some
                   such
                   are
                   sometimes
                   gathered
                   ,
                   which
                   keep
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   grow
                   on
                   Wall-trees
                   and
                   Dwarfs
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   it
                   were
                   to
                   purpose
                   enough
                   not
                   for
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   we
                   treat
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   little
                   Ground
                   ,
                   but
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   to
                   venture
                   to
                   Plant
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fashions
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   they
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   fail
                   to
                   make
                   what
                   Provision
                   they
                   can
                   of
                   Bergamot-pears
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   these
                   abovesaid
                   Advantages
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   kind
                   of
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   yet
                   another
                   that
                   methinks
                   exalts
                   it
                   much
                   above
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   concerns
                   the
                   present
                   Contestation
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   meets
                   often
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Figs
                  
                   and
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   of
                   mid
                   -
                   September
                   ,
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   passionately
                   affect
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   ,
                   That
                   among
                   all
                   Delicate
                   ,
                   Nice
                   and
                   Knowing
                   Persons
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   so
                   well
                   received
                   ,
                   that
                   scarcely
                   any
                   Pears
                   dare
                   venture
                   into
                   their
                   Company
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   ripens
                   not
                   till
                   those
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Figs
                  
                   and
                   Muscats
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   very
                   Butter-pears
                   and
                   Verte-longues
                   ,
                   or
                   green-long-pears
                   are
                   ended
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   comes
                   in
                   all
                   alone
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   time
                   when
                   without
                   its
                   assistance
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   be
                   reduced
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   scarcity
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   the
                   Pears
                   call'd
                   the
                   Lansac
                   ,
                   the
                   sugar-green
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Flowery-Muscat
                     ,
                     Rousseline
                     ,
                     Bezi
                     de
                     la
                     mote
                     ,
                     Vine
                     pear
                     ,
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   not
                   worthily
                   enough
                   supplying
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   those
                   last
                   passed
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   by
                   consequence
                   ,
                   from
                   hence
                   they
                   would
                   pretend
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   concerns
                   a
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   Reasons
                   declared
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Third
                   Book
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   more
                   convenient
                   to
                   Plant
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   second
                   Dwarf-tree
                   ,
                   a
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   Pear-tree
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Partisans
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   preceding
                   Pears
                   ,
                   the
                   Butter
                   and
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   are
                   methinks
                   surprized
                   to
                   hear
                   say
                   there
                   are
                   any
                   that
                   dare
                   to
                   enter
                   the
                   Lists
                   against
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   whatsoever
                   the
                   others
                   can
                   alledge
                   they
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Rashness
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   will
                   hardly
                   vouchsafe
                   to
                   hear
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   they
                   consent
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   only
                   to
                   answer
                   them
                   in
                   Terms
                   of
                   Contempt
                   and
                   Raillery
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   with
                   design
                   to
                   gain
                   their
                   cause
                   against
                   them
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   more
                   Glory
                   and
                   Security
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   for
                   all
                   that
                   ,
                   the
                   Pear
                   of
                   Virgoulé
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   Bujaleuf
                   in
                   
                     Angoumois
                     ,
                     Chambretie
                  
                   in
                   Limousin
                   or
                   the
                   Province
                   of
                   Limoges
                   ,
                   the
                   Ice-pear
                   in
                   
                     Gascony
                     ,
                     Virgolese
                  
                   and
                   Virgouleuse
                   in
                   so
                   many
                   other
                   Places
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   after
                   the
                   Example
                   of
                   the
                   Pears
                   of
                   
                     Besidery
                     ,
                     L'Eschasserie
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   ought
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   plain
                   Name
                   of
                   Virgoule
                   before
                   any
                   other
                   ;
                   that
                   which
                   makes
                   me
                   judge
                   so
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   had
                   it
                   from
                   a
                   Village
                   called
                   Virgoulé
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   Town
                   of
                   St.
                   Leonard
                   in
                   the
                   Limousin
                   Countty
                   ,
                   where
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   appearance
                   ,
                   it
                   had
                   passed
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   without
                   any
                   Lustre
                   ,
                   neither
                   more
                   nor
                   less
                   than
                   just
                   as
                   a
                   Pearl
                   shut
                   up
                   in
                   its
                   Shell
                   ;
                   but
                   at
                   last
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Happiness
                   of
                   our
                   curious
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Ornament
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   advanced
                   out
                   of
                   that
                   Village
                   by
                   the
                   Liberality
                   of
                   the
                   Marquess
                   of
                   Chambret
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   Lord
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   was
                   pleased
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   us
                   under
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   his
                   Pear
                   of
                   Virgoulé
                   ;
                   since
                   which
                   time
                   it
                   has
                   begun
                   to
                   make
                   it self
                   be
                   talked
                   on
                   as
                   Famous
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   ,
                   notwitstanding
                   the
                   Brags
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   preceding
                   Pears
                   ,
                   it
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   Reason
                   enough
                   ,
                   pretends
                   to
                   the
                   Honour
                   which
                   is
                   here
                   proposed
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   Pear
                   of
                   a
                   Figure
                   pretty
                   long
                   and
                   thick
                   ,
                   being
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Inches
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   in
                   thickness
                   ;
                   it
                   s
                   Stalk
                   is
                   short
                   ,
                   fleshy
                   and
                   bending
                   ;
                   its
                   Eye
                   or
                   Crown
                   indifferently
                   great
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   hollow
                   ;
                   its
                   Skin
                   smooth
                   and
                   polish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   coloured
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   from
                   green
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   grows
                   yellow
                   as
                   it
                   ripens
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   ripening
                   grows
                   tender
                   and
                   melting
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   well
                   nick'd
                   in
                   the
                   gathering
                   ,
                   it
                   proves
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   :
                   And
                   accordingly
                   its
                   Reputation
                   has
                   made
                   such
                   a
                   Progress
                   ,
                   since
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   few
                   Years
                   time
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   spread
                   it self
                   into
                   as
                   many
                   Gardens
                   all
                   over
                   Europe
                   ,
                   as
                   any
                   Pear
                   that
                   we
                   know
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Virgoulee-pear
                   ,
                   priding
                   it self
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   seem
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Extraordinary
                   Vigour
                   that
                   accompanies
                   its
                   Tree
                   in
                   all
                   Places
                   ,
                   and
                   draws
                   to
                   it
                   the
                   Admiration
                   of
                   all
                   Beholders
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   in
                   the
                   Merit
                   it
                   pretends
                   to
                   be
                   ennobled
                   with
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   being
                   offended
                   at
                   the
                   injurious
                   Contempt
                   with
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   but
                   now
                   treated
                   by
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   asserts
                   for
                   the
                   Establishing
                   of
                   its
                   Right
                   ,
                   That
                   Nature
                   has
                   not
                   only
                   endowed
                   it
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Qualities
                   ,
                   namely
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   tender
                   and
                   melting
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   an
                   Abundance
                   of
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   fine
                   rich
                   Taste
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   plentiful
                   Increase
                   ,
                   which
                   render
                   the
                   Butter
                   and
                   Bergamot-pears
                   so
                   considerable
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   besides
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   the
                   assured
                   Advantage
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   ripen
                   almost
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   to
                   last
                   much
                   longer
                   than
                   that
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   earnest
                   it
                   alledges
                   ,
                   That
                   often
                   from
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   of
                   November
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   condition
                   to
                   content
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   to
                   those
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   raised
                   upon
                   Wall-trees
                   exposed
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Sun
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   grow
                   otherwise
                   in
                   a
                   dry
                   and
                   light
                   Soil
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   it
                   signalizes
                   it self
                   by
                   furnishing
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   November
                   ,
                   all
                   December
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   for
                   part
                   of
                   January
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   very
                   rarely
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   pure
                   hazard
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   .
                
                 
                   Which
                   induces
                   the
                   Virgoule-pear-tree
                   to
                   demand
                   pretty
                   boldly
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   its
                   Fruit
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   Excellent
                   for
                   Taste
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   those
                   Pears
                   of
                   it
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   a
                   fair
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   acquire
                   an
                   admirable
                   vermilion
                   blush
                   ;
                   this
                   Pear-tree
                   further
                   demands
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   has
                   not
                   the
                   gift
                   to
                   form
                   the
                   fairest
                   Trees
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Fruit-plants
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   succeed
                   admirably
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   a
                   Dwarf-tree
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   very
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   Planting
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   at
                   present
                   in
                   Question
                   ;
                   it
                   also
                   further
                   maintains
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Distinctions
                   of
                   dry
                   or
                   moist
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   of
                   Free
                   or
                   
                   Quince-stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Standards
                   or
                   
                   Wall-trees
                   ,
                   are
                   ordinarily
                   of
                   no
                   such
                   great
                   Importance
                   to
                   its
                   Wood
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Bergamots
                   ;
                   though
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   the
                   inward
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Differences
                   work
                   almost
                   the
                   same
                   Effects
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   others
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   then
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Virgoulees
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   not
                   subjected
                   to
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   Scabbiness
                   which
                   disfigures
                   the
                   Bergamot-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   renders
                   them
                   hideous
                   to
                   look
                   on
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   often
                   kills
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   hinders
                   their
                   Fruitfulness
                   ;
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   shoot
                   out
                   regularly
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   ,
                   store
                   of
                   fair
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   seen
                   always
                   with
                   a
                   smooth
                   and
                   shining
                   Complexion
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   really
                   one
                   had
                   taken
                   the
                   care
                   to
                   rub
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   bright
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Virgoulee
                   therefore
                   pretends
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   continuance
                   in
                   maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   about
                   Three
                   Months
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   its
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   never
                   fails
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   prevail
                   here
                   to
                   carry
                   the
                   Cause
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   against
                   both
                   the
                   Butter
                   and
                   Bergamot-pear
                   ,
                   and
                   against
                   all
                   other
                   Pears
                   which
                   would
                   oppose
                   it
                   ,
                   since
                   ,
                   besides
                   those
                   Advantges
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   Inferior
                   to
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   Abundance
                   of
                   Increase
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   Point
                   of
                   Goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Leschasserie-pear
                   ,
                   which
                   some
                   call
                   the
                   
                     Winter
                     Green-long
                  
                   or
                   Verte-longue
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   Besidery-sandry
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   has
                   not
                   appeared
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   above
                   Twenty
                   Years
                   ;
                   this
                   Pear
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   might
                   put
                   in
                   alone
                   for
                   a
                   Title
                   here
                   ,
                   so
                   strong
                   is
                   its
                   Party
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   chuses
                   however
                   rather
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   the
                   Ambret-pear
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   ancient
                   standing
                   among
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   great
                   esteem
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   called
                   in
                   some
                   Countries
                   by
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Cheat-Servant
                   or
                   Trompe●alet
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   two
                   Pears
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   themselves
                   overcome
                   by
                   all
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   to
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   have
                   first
                   spoken
                   ;
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   make
                   it
                   their
                   Business
                   to
                   destroy
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   being
                   agreed
                   to
                   serve
                   alternatively
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   their
                   principal
                   Ambition
                   is
                   to
                   remain
                   united
                   ,
                   and
                   allied
                   in
                   Interest
                   and
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   the
                   more
                   vigorously
                   to
                   defend
                   themselves
                   against
                   the
                   three
                   precedent
                   ones
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   contributes
                   the
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   strict
                   Union
                   they
                   have
                   made
                   one
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   ,
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   some
                   resemblance
                   one
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   first
                   in
                   their
                   Shape
                   ,
                   which
                   appears
                   roundish
                   in
                   both
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Ambret
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   flatter
                   ,
                   and
                   hath
                   its
                   Eye
                   or
                   Crown
                   hollower
                   and
                   deeper
                   sunk
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   Leschasserie
                   hath
                   its
                   Eye
                   or
                   Crown
                   quite
                   jetting
                   out
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   have
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   a
                   Lemon
                   ;
                   they
                   also
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   bigness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   midling
                   size
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   Extent
                   every
                   way
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   
                   is
                   greenish
                   and
                   speckled
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Ambret
                   be
                   commonly
                   of
                   a
                   deeper
                   and
                   ruddier
                   Colour
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Leschasserie
                   lighter
                   and
                   yellower
                   ,
                   but
                   especially
                   when
                   it
                   grows
                   ripe
                   .
                   These
                   two
                   Pears
                   further
                   in
                   some
                   degree
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   in
                   their
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   strait
                   and
                   pretty
                   long
                   ,
                   though
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Leschasserie
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   thicker
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   they
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   ripening
                   or
                   mellowing
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   November
                   and
                   December
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   in
                   January
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   fine
                   and
                   butter-like
                   substance
                   of
                   their
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   their
                   sugred
                   and
                   somewhat
                   perfumed
                   Juice
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   perfumed
                   with
                   a
                   scent
                   so
                   agreeable
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   wished
                   for
                   more
                   delicious
                   :
                   The
                   Leschasserie
                   has
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   of
                   it
                   than
                   its
                   associate
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Pulp
                   of
                   the
                   Ambret
                   is
                   sometimes
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   greenish
                   ;
                   its
                   Kernels
                   are
                   blacker
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   lodged
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   their
                   Apartments
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   Kernels
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   Skin
                   of
                   it
                   feels
                   ordinarily
                   a
                   little
                   rougher
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   the
                   
                     Leschasserie
                     pears
                  
                   are
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   term
                   them
                   ,
                   bunch'd
                   and
                   warty
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   different
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   the
                   Ambret
                   is
                   extreamly
                   thorny
                   and
                   prickly
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   exactly
                   like
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   wild
                   Trees
                   commonly
                   seen
                   in
                   Hedges
                   and
                   Thickets
                   ,
                   which
                   Quality
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Leschasserie-tree
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   commonly
                   pretty
                   slender
                   ,
                   and
                   shoots
                   forth
                   some
                   Points
                   but
                   not
                   sharp
                   enough
                   to
                   prick
                   the
                   Fingers
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   meddle
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   do
                   the
                   Ambret-trees
                   .
                   These
                   two
                   Pears
                   found
                   the
                   Pretentions
                   of
                   their
                   Claim
                   of
                   Preference
                   upon
                   the
                   Fault
                   that
                   is
                   found
                   with
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   about
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   ripening
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   objected
                   against
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   for
                   its
                   Scabby
                   Wood
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   upon
                   that
                   Accusation
                   brought
                   against
                   the
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   being
                   so
                   long
                   before
                   it
                   bears
                   ,
                   but
                   for
                   having
                   some
                   kind
                   of
                   disagreeableness
                   in
                   its
                   Taste
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   at
                   least
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Qualities
                   of
                   those
                   Pears
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Disposition
                   of
                   their
                   Plants
                   to
                   be
                   wrought
                   into
                   beautiful
                   Figures
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   without
                   participating
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   their
                   Defects
                   ,
                   they
                   pretend
                   it
                   their
                   Right
                   to
                   be
                   preferred
                   before
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   so
                   notably
                   incommoded
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   can
                   neither
                   avoid
                   nor
                   disguise
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   well
                   knows
                   its
                   own
                   worth
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   let
                   it self
                   be
                   condemned
                   neither
                   without
                   speaking
                   for
                   it self
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   fine
                   Pear
                   that
                   approaches
                   nearera
                   Pyramidical
                   than
                   a
                   round
                   Figure
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   has
                   almost
                   no
                   part
                   that
                   is
                   small
                   in
                   its
                   shape
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   ends
                   in
                   very
                   little
                   or
                   nothing
                   of
                   a
                   bluntish
                   Point
                   towards
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   which
                   Stalk
                   is
                   pretty
                   short
                   and
                   small
                   ,
                   except
                   where
                   it
                   comes
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Pear
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   fleshy
                   ;
                   every
                   where
                   else
                   the
                   Pear
                   is
                   all
                   over
                   in
                   a
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   bigness
                   ,
                   being
                   about
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   Inches
                   thick
                   towards
                   the
                   Head
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   particularly
                   much
                   bigger
                   than
                   the
                   ordinary
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   or
                   than
                   the
                   Ambret
                   and
                   Leschasserie
                   ;
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   satiny
                   Skin
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Colour
                   between
                   Green
                   and
                   White
                   ;
                   it
                   sometimes
                   Ripens
                   before
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   preceding
                   ones
                   ,
                   but
                   most
                   commonly
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   too
                   after
                   them
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   of
                   a
                   tender
                   and
                   butter-like
                   Consistence
                   ,
                   having
                   ordinarily
                   a
                   very
                   fine
                   and
                   delicate
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Taste
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   sweet
                   Juice
                   relished
                   with
                   an
                   admirable
                   smack
                   of
                   Perfume
                   ;
                   it
                   also
                   produces
                   fine
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   prospers
                   as
                   well
                   on
                   Free
                   as
                   on
                   Quince-tree-stocks
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Stocks
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   well
                   qualified
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   dry
                   rather
                   than
                   moist
                   Temper
                   .
                   It
                   has
                   little
                   to
                   say
                   against
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   against
                   the
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   and
                   ingenuously
                   confesses
                   the
                   good
                   Qualities
                   of
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   without
                   consenting
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   the
                   Precedence
                   ,
                   till
                   there
                   shall
                   be
                   a
                   Regulation
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   Pears
                   ,
                   it
                   objects
                   to
                   them
                   the
                   same
                   Defects
                   which
                   these
                   last
                   just
                   now
                   Reproached
                   them
                   with
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   therefore
                   now
                   the
                   Question
                   how
                   to
                   terminate
                   this
                   Contestation
                   which
                   has
                   appeared
                   but
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   ,
                   having
                   maturely
                   examined
                   all
                   the
                   Reasons
                   alledged
                   by
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   confess
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   very
                   particular
                   esteem
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   to
                   the
                   Trees
                   which
                   give
                   them
                   us
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   judge
                   the
                   Question
                   here
                   under
                   Discussion
                   ,
                   altogether
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Foundation
                   as
                   if
                   we
                   were
                   only
                   examining
                   the
                   Merit
                   of
                   each
                   Fruit
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   comparing
                   them
                   only
                   one
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   for
                   upon
                   the
                   bare
                   Foot
                   of
                   Merit
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   Garden
                   soever
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   but
                   two
                   
                     Dwarf
                     pear-trees
                  
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   ever
                   incline
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   to
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   honour
                   infinitely
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   ,
                   methinks
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   too
                   much
                   honoured
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   the
                   Queen
                   of
                   Pears
                   :
                   For
                   indeed
                   it
                   is
                   like
                   the
                   Excellent
                   Muskmelons
                   ,
                   its
                   Pulp
                   appearing
                   at
                   first
                   firm
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   hard
                   or
                   stony
                   ,
                   and
                   fine
                   and
                   melting
                   without
                   being
                   Doughy
                   or
                   Mealy
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Juice
                   sugred
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   Perfumed
                   without
                   having
                   any
                   mixture
                   of
                   sharpness
                   or
                   wildness
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   its
                   Taste
                   rich
                   ,
                   and
                   wonderfully
                   delicious
                   ,
                   and
                   accompanied
                   with
                   something
                   of
                   Noble
                   :
                   For
                   such
                   a
                   Pear
                   as
                   that
                   ,
                   may
                   it
                   not
                   vaunt
                   to
                   have
                   approached
                   very
                   near
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   it
                   not
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   a
                   Rule
                   and
                   Model
                   to
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   pretend
                   to
                   be
                   entred
                   into
                   the
                   Catalogue
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ?
                
                 
                 
                   This
                   Decision
                   ,
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   to
                   the
                   Exclusion
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Pears
                   ,
                   would
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   surprize
                   those
                   curious
                   Persons
                   that
                   have
                   tasted
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   really
                   good
                   ;
                   for
                   assuredly
                   it
                   excels
                   the
                   Butter-pear
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   deny
                   but
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   little
                   mixture
                   of
                   sharpness
                   in
                   its
                   Juice
                   ;
                   it
                   surpasses
                   the
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   nimbler-bearing
                   Tree
                   than
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   subject
                   to
                   that
                   little
                   odd
                   strawy
                   Taste
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   so
                   say
                   ,
                   persecutes
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   does
                   them
                   a
                   Thousand
                   ill
                   Offices
                   in
                   good
                   Companies
                   ;
                   it
                   no
                   less
                   surmounts
                   the
                   other
                   three
                   Competitors
                   ,
                   the
                   Leschasserie
                   ,
                   the
                   Ambret
                   and
                   the
                   Thorn-pear
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   certainly
                   they
                   have
                   nothing
                   in
                   them
                   more
                   Excellent
                   nor
                   more
                   Advantageous
                   than
                   our
                   Bergamot
                   in
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   perfect
                   goodness
                   ,
                   but
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   design
                   to
                   offend
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   have
                   sometimes
                   the
                   ill
                   hap
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   faint
                   and
                   insipid
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hard
                   or
                   meally
                   Pulp
                   :
                   But
                   these
                   Faults
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   objected
                   against
                   those
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   rather
                   Defects
                   that
                   proceed
                   from
                   the
                   Coldness
                   or
                   Moistness
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   the
                   badness
                   of
                   the
                   Soil
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   improper
                   Exposition
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   were
                   produced
                   .
                
                 
                   Yet
                   that
                   which
                   may
                   sometimes
                   hinder
                   the
                   Bergamot
                   from
                   receiving
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   this
                   my
                   Declaration
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   unhappiness
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   its
                   Tree
                   has
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   so
                   delicate
                   a
                   Temper
                   ,
                   that
                   instead
                   of
                   making
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Spectacle
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   does
                   often
                   but
                   vex
                   its
                   Owner
                   with
                   its
                   Scabbiness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   evil
                   that
                   every
                   where
                   almost
                   persecutes
                   both
                   its
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Tree
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   willingly
                   venture
                   to
                   Counsel
                   the
                   Planting
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   any
                   where
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   much
                   less
                   in
                   little
                   Gardens
                   :
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   if
                   notwithstanding
                   this
                   Deformity
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   much
                   disobliges
                   the
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   any
                   Persons
                   be
                   minded
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   Excellence
                   of
                   its
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   to
                   Plant
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   whether
                   great
                   or
                   small
                   ,
                   supposing
                   always
                   the
                   Ground
                   to
                   be
                   fitly
                   qualified
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   those
                   chosen
                   that
                   are
                   graffed
                   upon
                   Free-stocks
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   Ground
                   be
                   fatty
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   moist
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   would
                   advise
                   them
                   to
                   take
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Graffed
                   on
                   Quince-stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   further
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   wish
                   them
                   to
                   take
                   the
                   
                     Striped
                     Bergamot
                  
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   
                     Suisse
                     Bergamot
                  
                   ,
                   rather
                   than
                   the
                   common
                   one
                   ,
                   because
                   being
                   both
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   goodness
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   difficult
                   to
                   Rear
                   the
                   one
                   as
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   in
                   my
                   Judgment
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   purpose
                   ,
                   to
                   fix
                   first
                   upon
                   the
                   Striped
                   one
                   before
                   we
                   Plant
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   sort
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   has
                   the
                   advantage
                   to
                   surpass
                   this
                   latter
                   in
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Colours
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   if
                   none
                   be
                   Planted
                   of
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   not
                   fail
                   however
                   to
                   Plant
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Wall-trees
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   one
                   
                     Standard
                     tree
                  
                   of
                   them
                   Planted
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Figure
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   space
                   which
                   without
                   that
                   ,
                   would
                   appear
                   too
                   much
                   Ungarnish'd
                   .
                   But
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   advantageous
                   to
                   Plant
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   Wall
                   exposed
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Sun
                   ;
                   for
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   very
                   great
                   Satisfaction
                   in
                   doing
                   in
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   at
                   Versailles
                   what
                   I
                   now
                   Counsel
                   to
                   others
                   :
                   I
                   also
                   Plant
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   size
                   of
                   half
                   Standards
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   Squares
                   ,
                   as
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   I
                   plant
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   at
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Nursery-Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   take
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   delicate
                   sorts
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Petit-oins
                   ,
                   the
                   Thorn-pear
                   ,
                   the
                   Louise-bonne
                   or
                   
                     good
                     Louise
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Sugar-green
                   ,
                   &c.
                   to
                   which
                   a
                   cold
                   and
                   moist
                   Earth
                   is
                   absolutely
                   contrary
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   gather
                   from
                   them
                   for
                   Eight
                   or
                   Ten
                   Years
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   very
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   those
                   Trees
                   grow
                   too
                   big
                   and
                   seem
                   to
                   encumber
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   them
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   plant
                   young
                   Ones
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   same
                   Assistance
                   from
                   them
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Article
                   concerning
                   this
                   Bergamot-pear
                   ,
                   has
                   given
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   trouble
                   to
                   decide
                   it
                   ;
                   I
                   return
                   now
                   at
                   last
                   to
                   declare
                   my
                   Judgment
                   of
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   which
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   have
                   the
                   Advantage
                   to
                   be
                   graced
                   with
                   a
                   beautiful
                   Wood
                   :
                   
                   And
                   therefore
                   I
                   incline
                   here
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   to
                   the
                   Butter-pear-tree
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Second
                     ,
                     or
                     perhaps
                     Third
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Butter-pear-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     last
                     Reproach
                     which
                     was
                     made
                     to
                     the
                     Virgoulee
                     ,
                     concerning
                     some
                     Oddness
                     often
                     found
                     in
                     its
                     Taste
                     ,
                     will
                     be
                     favourable
                     to
                     the
                     Butter-pear
                     to
                     maintain
                     it
                     in
                     a
                     Rank
                     before
                     that
                     ;
                     besides
                     a
                     particular
                     Right
                     of
                     Antiquity
                     of
                     this
                     Butter-pear
                     ,
                     that
                     has
                     procured
                     it
                     a
                     singular
                     Veneration
                     among
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     the
                     latter
                     cannot
                     so
                     soon
                     pretend
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     its
                     ready
                     Facility
                     in
                     bearing
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     an
                     advantage
                     belonging
                     to
                     the
                     Butter-pear-tree
                     preferably
                     to
                     the
                     Virgoulee
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     besides
                     that
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     ,
                     though
                     they
                     be
                     both
                     admirable
                     ,
                     yet
                     may
                     we
                     truly
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     generally
                     speaking
                     ,
                     the
                     Butter-pear
                     makes
                     it self
                     more
                     desired
                     by
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     than
                     the
                     Virgoulee
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     that
                     this
                     latter
                     ought
                     to
                     give
                     place
                     to
                     a
                     first
                     Butter-pear-tree
                     in
                     little
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     which
                     have
                     but
                     two
                     Dwarf-trees
                     in
                     all
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     And
                     for
                     its
                     Consolation
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     expect
                     its
                     turn
                     will
                     come
                     very
                     quickly
                     to
                     be
                     treated
                     elsewhere
                     much
                     better
                     than
                     the
                     Butter-pear
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     much
                     more
                     multiplied
                     in
                     Trees
                     of
                     its
                     Kind
                     ;
                     for
                     in
                     this
                     respect
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     in
                     a
                     very
                     high
                     degree
                     surpass
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     most
                     great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     shall
                     afterwards
                     Plant.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     yet
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     great
                     Importance
                     to
                     this
                     Virgoulee-pear
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     should
                     not
                     leave
                     it
                     
                     under
                     the
                     Defamation
                     of
                     the
                     publick
                     Reproach
                     which
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     cast
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     its
                     odd
                     Taste
                     .
                     We
                     cannot
                     deny
                     but
                     there
                     have
                     been
                     many
                     of
                     these
                     Pears
                     found
                     with
                     that
                     Defect
                     ;
                     but
                     then
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     impossible
                     to
                     exempt
                     them
                     from
                     it
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     proceeds
                     from
                     their
                     having
                     been
                     too
                     long
                     kept
                     upon
                     Hay
                     or
                     Straw
                     ,
                     or
                     perhaps
                     too
                     long
                     smothered
                     up
                     in
                     some
                     Cupboard
                     ,
                     where
                     they
                     had
                     no
                     Air
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Cellar
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     never
                     without
                     some
                     Taste
                     of
                     Must
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     in
                     some
                     Fruit-store-house
                     too
                     close
                     kept
                     shut
                     ,
                     when
                     full
                     of
                     other
                     sorts
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     perhaps
                     in
                     some
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     Infected
                     with
                     some
                     strong
                     Smell
                     whatever
                     it
                     be
                     :
                     For
                     all
                     those
                     Scents
                     together
                     make
                     but
                     a
                     very
                     disagreeable
                     Smell
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     this
                     kind
                     of
                     Pear
                     is
                     unhappily
                     very
                     susceptible
                     .
                     The
                     only
                     Remedy
                     in
                     Question
                     is
                     then
                     ,
                     to
                     put
                     them
                     up
                     in
                     some
                     place
                     where
                     none
                     of
                     these
                     Inconveniences
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     met
                     with
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     having
                     a
                     Fruit-loft
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     ,
                     well
                     Qualified
                     against
                     the
                     great
                     Cold
                     and
                     Moisture
                     ,
                     the
                     Boards
                     of
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     covered
                     with
                     some
                     Moss
                     extreamly
                     well
                     dried
                     ;
                     and
                     then
                     the
                     Pears
                     must
                     be
                     placed
                     on
                     it
                     at
                     a
                     distance
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     Air
                     must
                     be
                     given
                     them
                     as
                     often
                     as
                     the
                     Weather
                     is
                     fair
                     :
                     With
                     these
                     kinds
                     of
                     Precautions
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     not
                     very
                     difficult
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     be
                     assured
                     to
                     have
                     all
                     Winter
                     long
                     these
                     Virgoulee-pears
                     preserved
                     from
                     any
                     ill
                     Taste
                     .
                     They
                     are
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     said
                     ,
                     fair
                     and
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     excellent
                     ,
                     provided
                     first
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     without
                     being
                     too
                     much
                     wrinkled
                     ,
                     they
                     appear
                     only
                     a
                     little
                     
                     withered
                     ;
                     and
                     secondly
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     be
                     yellow
                     almost
                     all
                     over
                     the
                     whole
                     Extent
                     of
                     their
                     Skin
                     ;
                     and
                     thirdly
                     ,
                     if
                     in
                     squeezing
                     them
                     a
                     little
                     with
                     the
                     Thumb
                     near
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     they
                     give
                     way
                     without
                     shewing
                     any
                     softness
                     at
                     the
                     Heart
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     come
                     so
                     well
                     to
                     ripen
                     and
                     mellow
                     ,
                     that
                     their
                     Pulp
                     is
                     become
                     tender
                     and
                     melting
                     :
                     For
                     if
                     ,
                     though
                     in
                     appearance
                     ripe
                     ,
                     they
                     remain
                     firm
                     and
                     hard
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     to
                     them
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     laid
                     up
                     in
                     moist
                     Places
                     ,
                     or
                     which
                     are
                     of
                     the
                     Product
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     Rainy
                     Summer
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     some
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     or
                     some
                     cold
                     and
                     watrish
                     Soil
                     ,
                     then
                     it
                     cannot
                     be
                     denied
                     but
                     that
                     these
                     sort
                     of
                     Pears
                     prove
                     both
                     mealy
                     and
                     insipid
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     consequence
                     disagreeable
                     .
                     So
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     among
                     the
                     Things
                     of
                     this
                     World
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     the
                     most
                     perfect
                     ,
                     there
                     may
                     be
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     may
                     fall
                     into
                     Corruption
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     into
                     Contempt
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     Fault
                     of
                     one
                     particular
                     thing
                     ought
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     a
                     matter
                     of
                     Reproach
                     to
                     the
                     whole
                     general
                     Kind
                     .
                  
                   
                     One
                     thing
                     that
                     is
                     extraordinary
                     enough
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     to
                     remark
                     concerning
                     these
                     Pears
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     
                     That
                     such
                     of
                     them
                     as
                     perhaps
                     fell
                     off
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     or
                     were
                     gathered
                     about
                     Fifteen
                     Days
                     before
                     they
                     should
                     have
                     been
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     because
                     of
                     that
                     grow
                     a
                     little
                     withered
                     (
                     for
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     much
                     so
                     ,
                     they
                     would
                     be
                     despisable
                     in
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Respects
                     )
                     these
                     sort
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     though
                     a
                     little
                     unhandsom
                     to
                     look
                     upon
                     ,
                     yet
                     at
                     length
                     being
                     throughly
                     mellowed
                     ,
                     are
                     almost
                     always
                     of
                     an
                     admirable
                     Taste
                     ,
                     which
                     can
                     be
                     hardly
                     said
                     of
                     any
                     other
                     Fruit
                     :
                     But
                     yet
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     Counsel
                     any
                     to
                     gather
                     them
                     very
                     long
                     before
                     their
                     time
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     before
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     because
                     the
                     ordinary
                     Winds
                     that
                     Reign
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     spare
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     more
                     than
                     they
                     desire
                     ,
                     the
                     taking
                     of
                     that
                     Pains
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     we
                     may
                     comfort
                     our selves
                     then
                     ,
                     when
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     happen
                     to
                     fall
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Expectation
                     that
                     they
                     will
                     mellow
                     later
                     than
                     the
                     rest
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     be
                     less
                     subject
                     to
                     grow
                     doughy
                     ,
                     and
                     we
                     shall
                     be
                     apt
                     to
                     wish
                     it
                     may
                     happen
                     oftner
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     may
                     without
                     fail
                     have
                     some
                     Pears
                     that
                     may
                     be
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     fair
                     ,
                     sound
                     and
                     indifferently
                     wrinkled
                     .
                     I
                     shall
                     in
                     another
                     place
                     explain
                     to
                     you
                     more
                     particularly
                     what
                     time
                     they
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     gathered
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     are
                     the
                     infallible
                     marks
                     of
                     their
                     true
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     of
                     that
                     of
                     all
                     other
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     which
                     are
                     Articles
                     of
                     very
                     great
                     Importance
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     which
                     consist
                     the
                     principal
                     Points
                     of
                     our
                     Curiosity
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Virgoulee-pear-tree
                     
                       shall
                       be
                       regularly
                       the
                       Third
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Third
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     Which
                     we
                     will
                     Plant
                     in
                     a
                     Garden
                     which
                     is
                     able
                     to
                     hold
                     but
                     three
                     ,
                     and
                     methinks
                     now
                     ,
                     
                     this
                     Pear-tree
                     would
                     be
                     much
                     in
                     the
                     wrong
                     to
                     complain
                     ,
                     since
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     affirmed
                     with
                     Truth
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     the
                     Honour
                     to
                     see
                     it self
                     preferred
                     before
                     other
                     marvellous
                     Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     following
                     after
                     it
                     ;
                     as
                     namely
                     ,
                     the
                     Leschasserie
                     ,
                     the
                     Ambret
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Thorn-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Germain
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Colmar
                     ,
                     the
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     the
                     Petit-oin
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Augustin
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Rousselet
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Robins
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                   
                     All
                     the
                     World
                     must
                     necessarily
                     grant
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     Fruit-Garden
                     cannot
                     properly
                     be
                     given
                     to
                     any
                     Garden
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     are
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     found
                     the
                     Thirteen
                     or
                     Fourteen
                     principalest
                     Sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     we
                     have
                     ;
                     and
                     likewise
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     cannot
                     dispute
                     it
                     that
                     Title
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     all
                     meet
                     there
                     in
                     Company
                     .
                     Happy
                     is
                     he
                     that
                     has
                     planted
                     with
                     so
                     much
                     Knowledge
                     and
                     discerning
                     Judgment
                     ,
                     as
                     having
                     no
                     more
                     room
                     in
                     his
                     Garden
                     but
                     for
                     such
                     a
                     small
                     number
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     so
                     wisely
                     cull'd
                     out
                     and
                     join'd
                     together
                     the
                     best
                     Fruits
                     we
                     know
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     continue
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     my
                     Choice
                     ,
                     I
                     place
                     the
                     Leschasserie-pear
                     immediately
                     after
                     the
                     Virgoulee-pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Fourth
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     Before
                     which
                     ,
                     perhaps
                     ,
                     some
                     Curious
                     Persons
                     will
                     make
                     no
                     scruple
                     to
                     prefer
                     it
                     ,
                     so
                     true
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     often
                     seems
                     a
                     Pear
                     without
                     Defect
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     a
                     Fruit
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     excelling
                     goodness
                     :
                     I
                     will
                     say
                     in
                     its
                     Favour
                     ,
                     That
                     I
                     never
                     tasted
                     any
                     thing
                     better
                     in
                     matter
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     than
                     some
                     Leschasseries
                     growing
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Air
                     upon
                     Trees
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     abandoned
                     .
                     They
                     were
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     bigness
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     Skin
                     and
                     Shape
                     that
                     seemed
                     quite
                     wild
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     in
                     truth
                     ,
                     in
                     eating
                     them
                     even
                     with
                     their
                     Skin
                     and
                     all
                     ,
                     they
                     quite
                     charmed
                     me
                     with
                     their
                     rich
                     Taste
                     ,
                     their
                     little
                     delicate
                     perfumed
                     Scent
                     ,
                     and
                     their
                     fine
                     and
                     melting
                     Pulp
                     :
                     In
                     fine
                     ,
                     I
                     cannot
                     be
                     silent
                     of
                     the
                     Astonishment
                     they
                     put
                     me
                     in
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     pleasure
                     I
                     had
                     ,
                     and
                     continue
                     to
                     have
                     every
                     Year
                     in
                     eating
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     perhaps
                     I
                     might
                     say
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     best
                     Bergamot
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     would
                     have
                     had
                     much
                     ado
                     to
                     have
                     maintained
                     its
                     Post
                     before
                     them
                     ;
                     for
                     those
                     which
                     I
                     had
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     sort
                     from
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     came
                     not
                     near
                     them
                     any
                     way
                     of
                     the
                     World
                     in
                     point
                     of
                     goodness
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Fifth
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Ambret
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     And
                     this
                     follows
                     it
                     as
                     near
                     as
                     't
                     is
                     possible
                     ;
                     and
                     indeed
                     is
                     ordinarily
                     a
                     most
                     Excellent
                     Pear
                     in
                     every
                     point
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     fine
                     melting
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     certain
                     rich
                     Taste
                     that
                     is
                     very
                     charming
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     of
                     the
                     growth
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     without
                     suffering
                     any
                     Miscarriage
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     ill
                     Accident
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     it
                     come
                     to
                     its
                     perfect
                     Maturity
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     what
                     greenish
                     Tincture
                     in
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     faintish
                     Taste
                     in
                     its
                     Juice
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     a
                     strange
                     kind
                     of
                     unknown
                     ,
                     and
                     secret
                     lurking
                     dry
                     rottenness
                     found
                     in
                     some
                     of
                     these
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     appear
                     to
                     me
                     three
                     sorts
                     of
                     Defects
                     ,
                     for
                     which
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     this
                     Pear
                     in
                     general
                     ought
                     without
                     Repugnance
                     ,
                     to
                     yield
                     the
                     precedence
                     to
                     the
                     Leschasserie
                     ,
                     and
                     might
                     with
                     good
                     Reason
                     enough
                     do
                     it
                     likewise
                     to
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Thorn-pear
                    
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     attains
                     all
                     the
                     Perfection
                     't
                     is
                     capable
                     of
                     .
                     For
                     indeed
                     ,
                     this
                     Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     Country
                     hot
                     enough
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     dry
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     good
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     in
                     Years
                     moderately
                     rainy
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     a
                     Standard
                     or
                     half
                     Standard-tree
                     well
                     placed
                     ,
                     is
                     so
                     perfect
                     in
                     all
                     its
                     Qualities
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     equals
                     the
                     delicateness
                     of
                     the
                     Pulp
                     of
                     good
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     of
                     such
                     Excellence
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     name
                     of
                     Marvellous
                     has
                     been
                     given
                     it
                     in
                     the
                     Provinces
                     of
                     
                       Angoumois
                       ,
                       Xantoigne
                    
                     and
                     Poitou
                     ,
                     Provinces
                     situated
                     in
                     a
                     marvellous
                     Climate
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     are
                     known
                     to
                     be
                     famous
                     for
                     the
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Sorts
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     they
                     produce
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     Persons
                     of
                     Quality
                     that
                     divertise
                     themselves
                     there
                     in
                     Gardenage
                     :
                     And
                     I
                     confess
                     in
                     good
                     Truth
                     ,
                     That
                     among
                     all
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     find
                     none
                     better
                     than
                     this
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     attains
                     the
                     full
                     goodness
                     of
                     its
                     kind
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     .
                     I
                     cannot
                     but
                     confess
                     likewise
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     hard
                     to
                     find
                     any
                     perfect
                     ones
                     of
                     them
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Petit-oins
                       ,
                       Ambrets
                       ,
                       Louise-bonnes
                    
                     and
                     
                       Colmars
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     what
                     is
                     said
                     of
                     new
                     laid
                     Eggs
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     least
                     Defect
                     is
                     enough
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     be
                     rejected
                     :
                     Whereas
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     with
                     other
                     Pears
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     not
                     rejected
                     ,
                     though
                     they
                     want
                     some
                     degree
                     of
                     natural
                     Perfection
                     ,
                     for
                     all
                     
                       Butter
                       pears
                       ,
                       Russelets
                       ,
                       Boncretiens
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     are
                     not
                     every
                     Pear
                     of
                     them
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     Excellent
                     in
                     their
                     Kind
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     that
                     hinders
                     not
                     People
                     from
                     eating
                     them
                     ,
                     though
                     but
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     Goodness
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     truly
                     still
                     remains
                     a
                     small
                     Reproach
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     this
                     Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     ripens
                     sometimes
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     with
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     newly
                     placed
                     before
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     according
                     to
                     those
                     Regards
                     I
                     always
                     have
                     in
                     making
                     this
                     Choice
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     which
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     convenient
                     I
                     should
                     never
                     depart
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     much
                     better
                     to
                     Plant
                     some
                     good
                     Fruit
                     of
                     another
                     Season
                     in
                     this
                     little
                     Garden
                     ,
                     rather
                     than
                     this
                     Pear
                     ;
                     but
                     to
                     this
                     I
                     answer
                     ,
                     That
                     since
                     this
                     objected
                     Inconvenience
                     of
                     over-hasty
                     ripening
                     ,
                     happens
                     but
                     very
                     seldom
                     ,
                     instead
                     of
                     banishing
                     the
                     Thorn-pear
                     from
                     hence
                     for
                     such
                     a
                     Reproach
                     as
                     that
                     ,
                     we
                     ought
                     rather
                     to
                     be
                     careful
                     to
                     plant
                     it
                     there
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     already
                     no
                     Bergamot
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     makes
                     a
                     very
                     agreeable
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     easily
                     takes
                     to
                     bear
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     persist
                     therefore
                     to
                     give
                     to
                     the
                     
                       Thorn
                       pear
                    
                     at
                     least
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       Sixth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       first
                    
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     sixth
                     place
                     in
                     a
                     Garden
                     well
                     qualified
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     can
                     receive
                     but
                     six
                     Dwarf-trees
                     .
                     
                     And
                     there
                     must
                     a
                     particular
                     care
                     taken
                     of
                     this
                     Tree
                     ,
                     to
                     keep
                     its
                     Branches
                     well
                     spread
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     strip
                     it
                     of
                     its
                     Leaves
                     too
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     Autumn
                     .
                     So
                     that
                     the
                     Pear
                     ,
                     whose
                     Colour
                     is
                     naturally
                     green
                     ,
                     may
                     receive
                     thereby
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     Coction
                     ;
                     and
                     when
                     it
                     comes
                     to
                     be
                     laid
                     up
                     ,
                     may
                     grow
                     a
                     little
                     yellowish
                     ,
                     to
                     signifie
                     the
                     first
                     Appearance
                     of
                     its
                     mellowing
                     ;
                     for
                     to
                     say
                     the
                     Truth
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     still
                     preserves
                     the
                     same
                     ground
                     of
                     green
                     in
                     its
                     Skin
                     ,
                     it
                     had
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     as
                     do
                     those
                     of
                     this
                     kind
                     ,
                     that
                     grow
                     in
                     a
                     moist
                     Ground
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     with
                     a
                     top
                     too
                     much
                     tuffed
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     a
                     bad
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     it
                     lasts
                     indeed
                     till
                     January
                     or
                     February
                     ,
                     but
                     't
                     is
                     only
                     to
                     vex
                     him
                     that
                     took
                     the
                     pains
                     to
                     lay
                     it
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     keep
                     it
                     ;
                     because
                     without
                     mellowing
                     ,
                     it
                     grows
                     soft
                     all
                     about
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     Contracts
                     a
                     cottonish
                     dry
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     flat
                     and
                     insipid
                     Taste
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     word
                     ,
                     proves
                     the
                     worst
                     Pear
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     ;
                     neither
                     indeed
                     is
                     there
                     any
                     Pear
                     which
                     has
                     need
                     of
                     greater
                     care
                     than
                     this
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     come
                     to
                     good
                     .
                     It
                     requires
                     to
                     be
                     graffed
                     upon
                     a
                     Free-stock
                     in
                     dry
                     Grounds
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     a
                     Quince
                     one
                     in
                     those
                     which
                     are
                     moistish
                     .
                     It
                     succeeds
                     not
                     so
                     well
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Standard
                     ,
                     in
                     those
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     strong
                     ;
                     and
                     commonly
                     is
                     worth
                     nothing
                     in
                     Soils
                     that
                     are
                     fat
                     and
                     moist
                     ,
                     having
                     that
                     Quality
                     in
                     common
                     with
                     some
                     others
                     which
                     I
                     shall
                     speak
                     of
                     afterwards
                     .
                     However
                     ,
                     I
                     must
                     needs
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     care
                     I
                     have
                     had
                     to
                     keep
                     my
                     Soil
                     a
                     little
                     raised
                     ,
                     and
                     timely
                     to
                     uncover
                     my
                     Thorn-pears
                     by
                     stripping
                     off
                     the
                     Leaves
                     of
                     their
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     had
                     very
                     fair
                     and
                     good
                     ones
                     of
                     them
                     for
                     near
                     two
                     Months
                     together
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Defects
                     of
                     this
                     Pear
                     are
                     not
                     always
                     incorrigible
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     when
                     we
                     can
                     preserve
                     it
                     from
                     them
                     ,
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     Injustice
                     not
                     to
                     give
                     it
                     place
                     before
                     the
                     two
                     last
                     preceding
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     prefer
                     it
                     here
                     before
                     the
                     St.
                     Germain
                     ,
                     the
                     Perit-oin
                     ,
                     the
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     the
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     the
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     the
                     Colmar
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     St.
                     Augustin-pears
                     ;
                     because
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     things
                     well
                     considered
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     more
                     worth
                     than
                     they
                     ;
                     and
                     chiefly
                     ,
                     because
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     those
                     other
                     Pears
                     mellow
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     three
                     preceding
                     ones
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     November
                     and
                     December
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     ,
                     with
                     respect
                     to
                     the
                     smallness
                     of
                     the
                     Gardens
                     we
                     now
                     treat
                     of
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     other
                     Fruits
                     enough
                     to
                     give
                     content
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     prefer
                     it
                     also
                     before
                     the
                     two
                     most
                     valuable
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     Famous
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Illustrious
                     Robine
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     but
                     one
                     degree
                     only
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     march
                     immediately
                     before
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     these
                     latter
                     in
                     their
                     turn
                     shall
                     be
                     preferred
                     before
                     those
                     other
                     five
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     of
                     so
                     great
                     Reputation
                     .
                     And
                     without
                     doubt
                     ,
                     this
                     preference
                     given
                     them
                     without
                     any
                     hesitation
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     stop
                     their
                     Mouths
                     from
                     murmuring
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     were
                     no
                     sooner
                     produced
                     on
                     the
                     Stage
                     .
                     For
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     I
                     make
                     so
                     great
                     account
                     of
                     both
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     think
                     a
                     Garden
                     that
                     may
                     contain
                     Seven
                     or
                     Eight
                     Dwarf-pear-trees
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     without
                     one
                     Russelet
                     and
                     one
                     Robine-tree
                     ;
                     which
                     when
                     we
                     have
                     placed
                     ,
                     we
                     will
                     proceed
                     to
                     examine
                     what
                     good
                     and
                     considerable
                     Qualities
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     can
                     plead
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     the
                     doing
                     them
                     that
                     speedy
                     Justice
                     thereupon
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     think
                     to
                     be
                     their
                     Due
                     .
                  
                   
                     Would
                     to
                     God
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     matter
                     of
                     good
                     Pears
                     ,
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     
                       January
                       ,
                       February
                    
                     and
                     March
                     ,
                     were
                     able
                     to
                     furnish
                     me
                     as
                     many
                     subjects
                     of
                     Disputes
                     and
                     Contestation
                     to
                     determine
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     am
                     plied
                     with
                     by
                     the
                     four
                     preceding
                     Months
                     ;
                     for
                     these
                     latter
                     being
                     so
                     poor
                     and
                     barren
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     ,
                     have
                     great
                     need
                     of
                     assistance
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     there
                     will
                     come
                     any
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     I
                     cannot
                     tell
                     .
                     Certain
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     't
                     would
                     be
                     a
                     great
                     good
                     Fortune
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     possessed
                     any
                     of
                     those
                     good
                     Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     pour
                     in
                     in
                     Shoals
                     upon
                     us
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     Winter
                     ;
                     I
                     lose
                     not
                     a
                     moment
                     of
                     Time
                     in
                     studying
                     and
                     using
                     all
                     imaginable
                     means
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     before
                     said
                     ,
                     to
                     bring
                     about
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     Happiness
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     to
                     return
                     to
                     my
                     purpose
                     ,
                     I
                     proceed
                     then
                     to
                     place
                     these
                     two
                     last
                     Pears
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     we
                     were
                     but
                     now
                     speaking
                     ,
                     assuredly
                     expecting
                     ,
                     that
                     my
                     Choice
                     of
                     them
                     will
                     be
                     approved
                     .
                     For
                     ,
                     methinks
                     ,
                     we
                     ought
                     not
                     to
                     delay
                     any
                     longer
                     to
                     introduce
                     here
                     some
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     having
                     already
                     placed
                     six
                     Sorts
                     of
                     other
                     Seasons
                     :
                     But
                     what
                     must
                     I
                     do
                     to
                     regulate
                     the
                     Dispute
                     that
                     's
                     like
                     to
                     rise
                     between
                     these
                     two
                     Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     shall
                     be
                     the
                     first
                     ?
                     Why
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     not
                     undertake
                     to
                     decide
                     it
                     of
                     my
                     own
                     Head
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     Cause
                     too
                     dangerous
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     in
                     the
                     presence
                     of
                     the
                     Patrons
                     of
                     both
                     the
                     Parties
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     not
                     to
                     embroil
                     my self
                     on
                     either
                     side
                     .
                     The
                     way
                     I
                     shall
                     take
                     with
                     them
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     either
                     to
                     give
                     these
                     Pears
                     an
                     alternative
                     Precedence
                     to
                     be
                     enjoyed
                     by
                     each
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     in
                     their
                     turns
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     even
                     to
                     let
                     them
                     fairly
                     draw
                     Lots
                     for
                     it
                     :
                     'T
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     first
                     Contest
                     of
                     Precedence
                     that
                     has
                     
                     been
                     determined
                     this
                     way
                     and
                     that
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     Contentment
                     of
                     both
                     Parties
                     too
                     .
                     So
                     be
                     it
                     then
                     ,
                     and
                     accordingly
                     they
                     cast
                     Lots
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Lot
                     falls
                     upon
                     the
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Garden
                     of
                     seven
                     
                       Dwarf
                       trees
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Seventh
                     
                       Dwarf
                       tree
                    
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     therefore
                     that
                     shall
                     be
                     the
                     Seventh
                     in
                     Rank
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Robine
                     the
                     Eighth
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     in
                     these
                     Russelet-pears
                     ,
                     I
                     make
                     no
                     difference
                     between
                     the
                     great
                     sort
                     and
                     the
                     small
                     sort
                     ,
                     as
                     do
                     some
                     Curious
                     Persons
                     ;
                     for
                     they
                     are
                     certainly
                     both
                     but
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     prove
                     it
                     so
                     without
                     Contradiction
                     ,
                     let
                     us
                     have
                     but
                     recourse
                     to
                     our
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     and
                     we
                     shall
                     see
                     one
                     Tree
                     very
                     ordinarily
                     produce
                     both
                     the
                     pretended
                     sorts
                     of
                     them
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     true
                     however
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     but
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     bigness
                     ,
                     are
                     commonly
                     better
                     than
                     the
                     fairest
                     (
                     which
                     Observation
                     holds
                     too
                     in
                     some
                     other
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     though
                     not
                     in
                     all
                     .
                     )
                     The
                     great
                     Russelet-pears
                     doubtless
                     are
                     of
                     the
                     Product
                     of
                     a
                     fat
                     Soil
                     ,
                     whether
                     they
                     grow
                     upon
                     Dwraf-trees
                     or
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     others
                     of
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     dry
                     Ground
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     a
                     Standard-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     shall
                     begin
                     my
                     Discourse
                     of
                     this
                     Russelet-pear
                     by
                     telling
                     you
                     ,
                     There
                     is
                     hardly
                     a
                     Pear
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     more
                     known
                     ,
                     nor
                     more
                     esteemed
                     than
                     it
                     .
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     is
                     hardly
                     necessary
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     Description
                     of
                     it
                     by
                     telling
                     you
                     ,
                     That
                     't
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     bigness
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     handsom
                     
                     shape
                     ,
                     more
                     long
                     than
                     round
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     pretty
                     thick
                     Stalk
                     and
                     pretty
                     long
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     grey
                     Colour
                     ,
                     reddish
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     dark
                     red
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     with
                     some
                     greenish
                     Parts
                     interlac'd
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     yellow
                     very
                     opportunely
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     us
                     notice
                     of
                     the
                     Time
                     of
                     its
                     Maturity
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     tender
                     and
                     fine
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     any
                     earthy
                     or
                     stony
                     Remains
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     most
                     agreeably
                     perfumed
                     ,
                     but
                     with
                     such
                     a
                     Perfume
                     as
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     found
                     no
                     where
                     but
                     in
                     it self
                     .
                     It
                     commonly
                     ripens
                     about
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     August
                     and
                     beginning
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     the
                     good
                     Qualities
                     with
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     endowed
                     ,
                     I
                     believe
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     without
                     hesitation
                     ,
                     is
                     agreed
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     said
                     of
                     the
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     the
                     Bergamots
                     and
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     that
                     no
                     Pears
                     can
                     pretend
                     any
                     place
                     in
                     the
                     Rank
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     Excellent
                     ;
                     but
                     as
                     they
                     proportionably
                     approach
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     to
                     the
                     goodness
                     of
                     the
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     of
                     those
                     two
                     other
                     Pears
                     .
                     And
                     certainly
                     the
                     Merit
                     of
                     this
                     Russelet
                     is
                     so
                     great
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     nothing
                     surpassed
                     by
                     its
                     great
                     Reputation
                     :
                     All
                     Ages
                     have
                     Experienced
                     it
                     to
                     prove
                     good
                     in
                     what
                     manner
                     soever
                     one
                     order
                     it
                     .
                     In
                     effect
                     ,
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     raw
                     or
                     baked
                     ,
                     stewed
                     or
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     or
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     prepared
                     in
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     liquid
                     Compote
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     a
                     dry
                     sweet-meat
                     ,
                     
                     it
                     equally
                     maintains
                     its
                     good
                     Character
                     in
                     every
                     manner
                     :
                     And
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     planted
                     in
                     any
                     sort
                     of
                     Ground
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     prosper
                     .
                     Have
                     we
                     a
                     mind
                     to
                     have
                     it
                     upon
                     a
                     Wall-tree
                     ?
                     It
                     will
                     give
                     Content
                     :
                     Or
                     ,
                     is
                     our
                     Fancy
                     to
                     Plant
                     it
                     in
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ?
                     It
                     will
                     be
                     admirable
                     that
                     way
                     ,
                     and
                     still
                     better
                     upon
                     a
                     great
                     Standard
                     ;
                     nay
                     ,
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     in
                     its
                     honour
                     (
                     which
                     ,
                     among
                     all
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     belongs
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     mistake
                     not
                     ,
                     only
                     to
                     this
                     )
                     that
                     though
                     among
                     its
                     Pears
                     there
                     are
                     often
                     found
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     better
                     than
                     others
                     ,
                     yet
                     there
                     is
                     never
                     seen
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     said
                     to
                     be
                     absolutely
                     bad
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     come
                     to
                     its
                     full
                     Maturity
                     ;
                     for
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     not
                     that
                     ,
                     and
                     much
                     less
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     too
                     much
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     at
                     all
                     agreeable
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     good
                     you
                     should
                     know
                     here
                     ,
                     That
                     nothing
                     is
                     more
                     contrary
                     to
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     it
                     from
                     being
                     Excellent
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     planting
                     it
                     against
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     certainly
                     loses
                     in
                     that
                     Situation
                     ,
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     its
                     Perfume
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     grows
                     fair
                     there
                     indeed
                     and
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     great
                     abundance
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     that
                     ,
                     in
                     some
                     measure
                     ,
                     Repairs
                     the
                     Defect
                     of
                     extream
                     Goodness
                     :
                     So
                     that
                     we
                     may
                     lay
                     it
                     down
                     for
                     a
                     Rule
                     ,
                     That
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     Plant
                     few
                     Trees
                     of
                     this
                     Fruit
                     against
                     Walls
                     ,
                     unless
                     we
                     make
                     more
                     account
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     quantity
                     of
                     its
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     than
                     of
                     the
                     goodness
                     and
                     Delicacy
                     of
                     its
                     Taste
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     unless
                     we
                     think
                     it
                     better
                     rather
                     to
                     have
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     though
                     but
                     indifferently
                     good
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     have
                     none
                     at
                     all
                     ,
                     that
                     being
                     the
                     ordinary
                     Effect
                     of
                     a
                     Wall-tree
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     Pears
                     and
                     Peaches
                     ;
                     for
                     that
                     is
                     of
                     the
                     two
                     ,
                     what
                     I
                     would
                     counsel
                     all
                     Persons
                     to
                     chuse
                     ,
                     who
                     have
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Walling
                     to
                     garnish
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     shall
                     afterwards
                     more
                     particularly
                     shew
                     ,
                     this
                     not
                     being
                     the
                     place
                     to
                     speak
                     of
                     it
                     here
                     .
                     I
                     was
                     not
                     able
                     to
                     resist
                     the
                     Temptation
                     which
                     over-sway'd
                     me
                     ,
                     nor
                     to
                     forget
                     any
                     thing
                     that
                     might
                     set
                     out
                     the
                     Excellence
                     of
                     this
                     Russelet
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     cannot
                     but
                     observe
                     to
                     you
                     ,
                     that
                     there
                     is
                     still
                     one
                     singular
                     Advantage
                     belonging
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     whereas
                     most
                     other
                     Fruits
                     prove
                     unsuccessful
                     upon
                     the
                     
                       Northern
                       Wall-trees
                    
                     ,
                     yet
                     those
                     of
                     this
                     Pear
                     in
                     that
                     Exposition
                     ,
                     produce
                     Fruit
                     reasonably
                     good
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     would
                     not
                     be
                     amiss
                     to
                     plant
                     some
                     Trees
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     those
                     Expositions
                     which
                     commonly
                     are
                     useless
                     ,
                     or
                     very
                     bad
                     for
                     other
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                   
                     O
                     how
                     happy
                     should
                     we
                     be
                     ,
                     if
                     first
                     the
                     
                       Russelet
                       pear
                    
                     could
                     keep
                     a
                     little
                     longer
                     than
                     it
                     does
                     (
                     it
                     having
                     the
                     mishap
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     subject
                     to
                     grow
                     soft
                     and
                     pappy
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     its
                     only
                     defect
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     may
                     often
                     be
                     deceived
                     by
                     it
                     ,
                     without
                     taking
                     very
                     good
                     heed
                     )
                     or
                     ,
                     if
                     chiefly
                     it
                     would
                     change
                     place
                     with
                     so
                     many
                     other
                     pitiful
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     some
                     of
                     which
                     unprofitably
                     
                     come
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     
                     Summer-Months
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     again
                     yet
                     less
                     to
                     the
                     purpose
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     midst
                     of
                     Winter
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     this
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     instead
                     of
                     ripening
                     as
                     it
                     does
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     August
                     and
                     beginning
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     good
                     Peaches
                     and
                     Plums
                     ,
                     had
                     but
                     the
                     Gift
                     to
                     come
                     and
                     feast
                     us
                     ,
                     either
                     some
                     time
                     before
                     the
                     Maturity
                     of
                     the
                     principal
                     Stone-fruits
                     ,
                     or
                     sometimes
                     after
                     they
                     are
                     past
                     .
                     I
                     could
                     not
                     help
                     making
                     this
                     wish
                     ,
                     though
                     it
                     be
                     so
                     very
                     insignificant
                     ,
                     and
                     beg
                     your
                     Pardon
                     for
                     it
                     .
                     I
                     know
                     well
                     enough
                     ,
                     That
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     attain
                     their
                     natural
                     Goodness
                     are
                     ,
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     the
                     precious
                     Manna
                     of
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     the
                     general
                     Confession
                     of
                     all
                     ,
                     are
                     more
                     valuable
                     than
                     any
                     Kernel-fruit
                     whatsoever
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     few
                     People
                     make
                     their
                     Court
                     to
                     these
                     last
                     ,
                     so
                     long
                     as
                     the
                     Peaches
                     with
                     their
                     largeness
                     ,
                     fine
                     shape
                     ,
                     beautiful
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     their
                     sweet
                     and
                     rich
                     tasted
                     Juice
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     their
                     admirable
                     Qualities
                     ,
                     continue
                     in
                     a
                     condition
                     to
                     charm
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     and
                     move
                     the
                     Appetite
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     yet
                     for
                     all
                     that
                     ,
                     the
                     Russelets
                     and
                     the
                     Robines
                     are
                     esteemed
                     even
                     in
                     the
                     Season
                     of
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     how
                     plentiful
                     soever
                     these
                     latter
                     be
                     :
                     And
                     likewise
                     ,
                     because
                     Peaches
                     are
                     commonly
                     more
                     faulty
                     ,
                     and
                     more
                     apt
                     to
                     fall
                     short
                     of
                     their
                     due
                     Perfection
                     than
                     Pears
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     Peaches
                     of
                     the
                     growth
                     of
                     a
                     moist
                     Soil
                     ,
                     are
                     good
                     for
                     little
                     ,
                     therefore
                     't
                     is
                     necessary
                     for
                     them
                     ,
                     whose
                     Ground
                     is
                     not
                     very
                     good
                     ,
                     to
                     precaution
                     and
                     provide
                     themselves
                     another
                     way
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     by
                     a
                     supply
                     of
                     Russelet-pears
                     in
                     their
                     stead
                     ,
                     which
                     seldom
                     fails
                     and
                     is
                     never
                     to
                     be
                     rejected
                     ;
                     that
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Season
                     of
                     Mens
                     eager
                     Appetite
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     passionate
                     desire
                     after
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     furnish'd
                     at
                     least
                     with
                     some
                     pretty
                     good
                     Pears
                     ,
                     in
                     case
                     they
                     be
                     so
                     unhappy
                     as
                     to
                     see
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     their
                     Peaches
                     miscarry
                     ,
                     or
                     prove
                     not
                     over
                     good
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     Pear
                     is
                     indeed
                     small
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     affords
                     this
                     convenience
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     gathered
                     while
                     't
                     is
                     yet
                     greenish
                     ,
                     to
                     mellow
                     afterwards
                     off
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     by
                     that
                     means
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     kept
                     some
                     Days
                     ,
                     whilst
                     the
                     perfection
                     of
                     its
                     mellowness
                     is
                     coming
                     on
                     ,
                     and
                     may
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     diminution
                     of
                     its
                     goodness
                     ,
                     be
                     hazarded
                     to
                     make
                     some
                     small
                     Journies
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     ,
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     one
                     may
                     carry
                     some
                     about
                     one
                     ,
                     or
                     send
                     them
                     from
                     Province
                     to
                     Province
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     distance
                     is
                     not
                     too
                     great
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     now
                     ,
                     after
                     all
                     these
                     Praises
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     to
                     the
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     may
                     it
                     not
                     seem
                     to
                     have
                     some
                     Reason
                     to
                     complain
                     of
                     me
                     ,
                     for
                     giving
                     it
                     but
                     a
                     Seventh
                     place
                     ?
                     I
                     certainly
                     have
                     for
                     it
                     as
                     much
                     Consideration
                     as
                     any
                     curious
                     Person
                     can
                     have
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     that
                     which
                     ought
                     to
                     justifie
                     my
                     Conduct
                     in
                     this
                     Case
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     when
                     one
                     can
                     compass
                     so
                     much
                     as
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     Garden
                     big
                     enough
                     to
                     contain
                     Five
                     or
                     Six
                     Dwarf-pear-trees
                     ,
                     one
                     may
                     and
                     ought
                     ,
                     in
                     all
                     probability
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     proportionable
                     quantity
                     of
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     for
                     
                       Figs
                       ,
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       Plums
                    
                     and
                     Grapes
                     .
                     And
                     that
                     so
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     Imprudence
                     ,
                     for
                     such
                     very
                     little
                     Places
                     as
                     are
                     the
                     Gardens
                     we
                     are
                     here
                     planting
                     ,
                     to
                     Counsel
                     any
                     one
                     to
                     plant
                     any
                     considerable
                     number
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     both
                     of
                     Stone-fruit
                     and
                     Kernel-fruit
                     ,
                     to
                     ripen
                     in
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Season
                     of
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     August
                     and
                     September
                     ,
                     which
                     could
                     not
                     well
                     be
                     without
                     running
                     the
                     hazard
                     of
                     having
                     almost
                     no
                     Fruit
                     at
                     all
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     difficult
                     Seasons
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     have
                     grounded
                     my
                     Expectations
                     upon
                     the
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     surely
                     furnished
                     with
                     Summer-Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     design'd
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     six
                     first
                     Pear-trees
                     for
                     the
                     making
                     a
                     Provision
                     for
                     Autumn
                     and
                     Winter
                     ,
                     two
                     Seasons
                     which
                     we
                     pass
                     but
                     disagreeably
                     without
                     a
                     Desert
                     to
                     brisk
                     them
                     up
                     ;
                     And
                     therefore
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     great
                     Reason
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     labour
                     to
                     provide
                     for
                     them
                     before
                     the
                     rest
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Russelet
                     being
                     thus
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     the
                     Robine
                     advances
                     ,
                     and
                     takes
                     the
                     Eighth
                     place
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       The
                       Eighth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Robine-pear-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     Pear
                     is
                     known
                     in
                     different
                     Places
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     under
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     the
                     Pear
                     of
                     Averat
                     ,
                     
                     sometimes
                     under
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Muscat-pear
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     &c.
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     Court
                     it self
                     by
                     the
                     name
                     of
                     the
                     Pear-Royal
                     ,
                     that
                     Name
                     being
                     given
                     it
                     by
                     the
                     Illustrious
                     Father
                     of
                     the
                     Curious
                     ,
                     who
                     believed
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     without
                     reason
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     among
                     us
                     ,
                     the
                     Title
                     of
                     King
                     is
                     at
                     present
                     appropriated
                     to
                     the
                     Person
                     of
                     Him
                     that
                     ,
                     of
                     all
                     Men
                     ,
                     has
                     the
                     most
                     Merit
                     ;
                     so
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     Royal
                     among
                     Pears
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     given
                     to
                     that
                     which
                     appears
                     to
                     have
                     the
                     fewest
                     Defects
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     Truth
                     ,
                     may
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     an
                     accomplish'd
                     Pear
                     .
                     Take
                     here
                     its
                     Picture
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     near
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     Bergamot
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     between
                     round
                     
                     and
                     flat
                     ,
                     its
                     Stalk
                     is
                     pretty
                     long
                     ,
                     strait
                     ,
                     and
                     sunk
                     pretty
                     hollow
                     into
                     the
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Crown
                     or
                     Eye
                     is
                     also
                     a
                     little
                     hollow
                     and
                     sunk
                     inwards
                     ,
                     its
                     Pulp
                     breaks
                     short
                     in
                     the
                     Mouth
                     without
                     being
                     hard
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     sugred
                     and
                     perfumed
                     Juice
                     charms
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     the
                     chiefest
                     Prince
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     him
                     all
                     the
                     whole
                     
                       Royal
                       Family
                    
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     yellowish
                     White
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     gentle
                     ;
                     it
                     hardly
                     grows
                     soft
                     at
                     all
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     important
                     Quality
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     peculiar
                     to
                     this
                     only
                     among
                     all
                     the
                     Summer-pears
                     :
                     Neither
                     
                     does
                     its
                     Excellence
                     terminate
                     in
                     being
                     eaten
                     raw
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     admirable
                     besides
                     in
                     Pies
                     and
                     Compotes
                     :
                     It
                     forms
                     a
                     very
                     fair
                     and
                     large
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     thrives
                     well
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     no
                     Reproach
                     to
                     fear
                     ,
                     except
                     that
                     its
                     Wood
                     is
                     subject
                     sometimes
                     to
                     the
                     Canker
                     ,
                     and
                     
                     that
                     commonly
                     it
                     is
                     difficult
                     to
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     bear
                     ;
                     but
                     I
                     shall
                     elsewhere
                     give
                     you
                     sufficient
                     good
                     Remedies
                     against
                     those
                     Defects
                     ;
                     and
                     there
                     is
                     nothing
                     else
                     but
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     ripening
                     that
                     gives
                     us
                     any
                     trouble
                     to
                     defend
                     our
                     choice
                     of
                     it
                     to
                     this
                     place
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     comes
                     in
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     said
                     above
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     the
                     Russelet-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     first
                     great
                     Peaches
                     .
                     But
                     it
                     has
                     this
                     advantage
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     asham'd
                     to
                     appear
                     in
                     their
                     Company
                     :
                     All
                     this
                     then
                     put
                     together
                     ,
                     is
                     it
                     not
                     enough
                     to
                     oblige
                     us
                     to
                     confess
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     Robine-pear
                     Merits
                     at
                     least
                     an
                     Eighth
                     Place
                     ,
                     without
                     fearing
                     any
                     other
                     Pear
                     will
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     make
                     any
                     available
                     opposition
                     against
                     it
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     the
                     Colmar-pear
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     February
                     ?
                  
                   
                     The
                     Seventh
                     and
                     Eighth
                     places
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     being
                     so
                     well
                     filled
                     up
                     ,
                     the
                     Ninth
                     is
                     demanded
                     not
                     only
                     by
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Seven
                     Pears
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     mentioned
                     above
                     ,
                     viz.
                     The
                     Louise-bonne
                     or
                     
                       good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Petit-oin
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Germain
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     the
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Augustin
                    
                     and
                     the
                     Colmar
                     ;
                     but
                     also
                     by
                     the
                     
                       Verte
                       longue
                    
                     or
                     
                       Long-green
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     besides
                     which
                     ,
                     the
                     Sucré-vert
                     or
                     Sugar-green
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     the
                     Messire-John
                     and
                     the
                     Portal
                     ,
                     dare
                     almost
                     presume
                     themselves
                     not
                     altogether
                     unworthy
                     of
                     it
                     .
                     Let
                     us
                     Examine
                     separately
                     the
                     Reasons
                     of
                     the
                     principal
                     Aspirants
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     as
                     near
                     as
                     we
                     can
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     done
                     those
                     of
                     them
                     already
                     plac'd
                     .
                     I
                     shall
                     begin
                     with
                     explaining
                     what
                     concerns
                     those
                     new
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     the
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Germain
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Augustin
                    
                     and
                     the
                     Colmar
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     pass
                     on
                     to
                     speak
                     of
                     the
                     Petit-oin
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Louise
                       bonne
                    
                     or
                     
                       good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Verte-longue
                     or
                     
                       Long-green
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Crasanne
                     meets
                     with
                     many
                     Gentlemen
                     that
                     call
                     it
                     the
                     
                       Bergamot
                       Crasanne
                       ;
                       Bergamot
                    
                     ,
                     
                     because
                     of
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ;
                     and
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     its
                     Shape
                     ,
                     which
                     looks
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     squeezed
                     down
                     :
                     But
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     more
                     proper
                     for
                     it
                     to
                     bear
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Flat
                       Butter-pear
                    
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     pretty
                     much
                     of
                     the
                     Nature
                     and
                     Colour
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Butter
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     though
                     it
                     differ
                     from
                     it
                     in
                     its
                     flat
                     Figure
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     nearest
                     the
                     Shape
                     of
                     the
                     Messire-John
                     :
                     There
                     are
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     some
                     very
                     great
                     ,
                     some
                     midling
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     very
                     small
                     Pears
                     .
                     The
                     Ground
                     of
                     its
                     Colour
                     is
                     greenish
                     ,
                     growing
                     yellow
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     ripe
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     all
                     over
                     speckled
                     with
                     red
                     Spots
                     :
                     Its
                     Stalk
                     is
                     long
                     ,
                     pretty
                     thick
                     ,
                     bent
                     and
                     hollow
                     set
                     ,
                     like
                     
                       Apple
                       stalks
                    
                     :
                     Its
                     Skin
                     is
                     rough
                     ,
                     its
                     Pulp
                     extreamly
                     tender
                     and
                     Butter-like
                     ,
                     though
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     always
                     very
                     fine
                     ;
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     is
                     as
                     abounding
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Famous
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     it
                     unhappily
                     adds
                     beyond
                     what
                     they
                     have
                     ,
                     a
                     certain
                     kind
                     of
                     biting
                     Sharpness
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Cause
                     that
                     among
                     the
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     the
                     Thorn-pears
                     ,
                     the
                     Petit-oins
                     ,
                     the
                     Louise-bonnes
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louises
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     the
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     &c.
                     in
                     whose
                     Company
                     it
                     pretty
                     often
                     appears
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     October
                     and
                     November
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     accused
                     to
                     make
                     not
                     an
                     over
                     pleasing
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     with
                     those
                     Persons
                     that
                     ,
                     loving
                     Pears
                     as
                     Nature
                     presents
                     them
                     ,
                     seldom
                     care
                     for
                     any
                     Sugar
                     with
                     them
                     :
                     However
                     ,
                     because
                     there
                     are
                     often
                     enough
                     found
                     some
                     Pears
                     of
                     this
                     Sort
                     without
                     this
                     great
                     Defect
                     of
                     biting
                     Sharpness
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     proves
                     in
                     those
                     growing
                     in
                     a
                     Soil
                     a
                     little
                     fattish
                     and
                     moistish
                     ,
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Versailes
                     ;
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     That
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     altogether
                     without
                     reason
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     pretends
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     in
                     Dispute
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     add
                     the
                     Qualities
                     of
                     preserving
                     it self
                     a
                     whole
                     Month
                     in
                     perfect
                     mellowness
                     without
                     ever
                     growing
                     pappy
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     of
                     being
                     subject
                     at
                     most
                     but
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Condition
                     of
                     all
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     rottenness
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     but
                     by
                     degrees
                     ,
                     it
                     beginning
                     at
                     first
                     in
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     but
                     at
                     one
                     small
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     notice
                     that
                     it
                     cannot
                     last
                     much
                     longer
                     .
                     These
                     Three
                     last
                     Considerations
                     may
                     reasonably
                     procure
                     it
                     a
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Protectors
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     look
                     upon
                     a
                     
                       St.
                       Germain-pear
                    
                     ,
                     being
                     very
                     long
                     and
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     green
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     spotted
                     ,
                     some
                     pretty
                     red
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     of
                     them
                     growing
                     very
                     yellow
                     as
                     they
                     ripen
                     ,
                     with
                     short
                     ,
                     indifferent
                     thick
                     and
                     bending
                     Stalks
                     ;
                     one
                     would
                     take
                     it
                     for
                     a
                     very
                     fine
                     Virgoulee-pear
                     ;
                     and
                     those
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     are
                     but
                     small
                     of
                     growth
                     ,
                     are
                     something
                     like
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Lezin-pears
                    
                     :
                     This
                     Sort
                     of
                     Pear
                     comes
                     almost
                     always
                     in
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     with
                     the
                     
                       Virgoulee
                       ,
                       Thorn
                       pear
                       ,
                       Ambret
                    
                     and
                     Leschasserie
                     ,
                     though
                     sometimes
                     it
                     comes
                     before
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     not
                     till
                     after
                     them
                     ,
                     which
                     commonly
                     depends
                     upon
                     the
                     Temper
                     and
                     Behaviour
                     of
                     the
                     Summer
                     and
                     Autumn
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     elsewhere
                     said
                     ,
                     holds
                     true
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     as
                     to
                     these
                     Pears
                     ,
                     but
                     ,
                     in
                     general
                     ,
                     in
                     all
                     the
                     fine
                     Autumn
                     and
                     Winter-pears
                     ;
                     and
                     besides
                     ,
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     Stocks
                     on
                     which
                     those
                     sorts
                     are
                     graffed
                     ,
                     whether
                     Free
                     or
                     
                     Quince-stocks
                     ;
                     and
                     of
                     Expositions
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     Sunny
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     Soils
                     dry
                     or
                     wet
                     ,
                     are
                     of
                     great
                     Influence
                     in
                     this
                     respect
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     
                       St.
                       Germain-pear
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     
                       Unknown
                       Pear
                       of
                       the
                       Fare
                    
                     ,
                     has
                     a
                     very
                     tender
                     
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     earthy
                     or
                     stony
                     Remains
                     ,
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     great
                     Taste
                     ,
                     with
                     much
                     Juice
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     Juice
                     has
                     very
                     often
                     a
                     small
                     point
                     of
                     Lemonish
                     sharpness
                     ,
                     which
                     pleases
                     some
                     curious
                     People
                     ,
                     and
                     displeases
                     some
                     others
                     :
                     I
                     have
                     seen
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     had
                     little
                     or
                     nothing
                     
                     of
                     that
                     Taste
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     others
                     again
                     which
                     happily
                     had
                     none
                     at
                     all
                     ,
                     and
                     were
                     by
                     consequence
                     ,
                     better
                     to
                     my
                     Taste
                     ;
                     without
                     doubt
                     ,
                     the
                     being
                     Graffed
                     on
                     a
                     
                     Quince-stock
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     excessive
                     driness
                     of
                     a
                     Soil
                     ,
                     augment
                     this
                     Defect
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     affect
                     rather
                     to
                     Graff
                     them
                     upon
                     
                     Free-stocks
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     a
                     Ground
                     where
                     driness
                     does
                     not
                     so
                     much
                     predominate
                     ;
                     yet
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     say
                     to
                     its
                     Honour
                     ,
                     that
                     this
                     sowrish
                     Taste
                     is
                     found
                     only
                     in
                     such
                     Pears
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     ,
                     that
                     because
                     they
                     are
                     worm-eaten
                     ,
                     mellow
                     in
                     November
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     seldom
                     met
                     with
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     come
                     not
                     to
                     mellow
                     till
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     December
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Marquis
                     or
                     Marchioness
                     assumes
                     two
                     different
                     Figures
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     
                     the
                     Soils
                     or
                     Trees
                     on
                     which
                     it
                     grows
                     :
                     If
                     the
                     Ground
                     be
                     dry
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     pretty
                     like
                     in
                     Bigness
                     and
                     Shape
                     ,
                     to
                     a
                     very
                     fine
                     Blanquet-pear
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     midling
                     Boncretien
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     proves
                     the
                     same
                     upon
                     a
                     
                     Standard-Tree
                     ;
                     But
                     in
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     fat
                     and
                     moist
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     grow
                     extraordinary
                     great
                     .
                     This
                     Pear
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     handsom
                     make
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     flat
                     Head
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     sunk
                     inwards
                     ,
                     a
                     pretty
                     big
                     Belly
                     and
                     handsomly
                     sloping
                     down
                     towards
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     indifferent
                     long
                     ,
                     thick
                     ,
                     bent
                     downward
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     hollow
                     set
                     ;
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     somewhat
                     rough
                     ,
                     its
                     Colour
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     green
                     Ground
                     flourished
                     with
                     some
                     flakes
                     of
                     red
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     seen
                     in
                     the
                     Butter-pear
                     ;
                     which
                     Colour
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     change
                     not
                     in
                     ripening
                     ,
                     the
                     Pear
                     proves
                     very
                     bad
                     ,
                     having
                     in
                     that
                     the
                     same
                     Destiny
                     with
                     the
                     Louise-bonnes
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louise's
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Thorn-pears
                       ,
                       Petit-oins
                    
                     and
                     Lansacs
                     ;
                     this
                     miscarriage
                     comes
                     from
                     the
                     moistness
                     of
                     the
                     Soil
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     too
                     thick
                     and
                     tuffed
                     Figure
                     of
                     the
                     Dwarf-tree
                     in
                     such
                     Grounds
                     :
                     But
                     when
                     the
                     green
                     of
                     it
                     grows
                     kindly
                     yellow
                     as
                     the
                     Fruit
                     ripens
                     ,
                     then
                     the
                     Pulp
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     tender
                     and
                     fine
                     ,
                     the
                     Taste
                     pleasing
                     ,
                     the
                     Juice
                     sufficiently
                     abounding
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     much
                     Sugred
                     as
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     wish'd
                     in
                     a
                     marvellous
                     Pear
                     :
                     It
                     's
                     true
                     ,
                     it
                     has
                     something
                     of
                     a
                     stony
                     Substance
                     towards
                     the
                     Core
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     sure
                     ought
                     not
                     to
                     hinder
                     it
                     from
                     being
                     look'd
                     upon
                     with
                     some
                     esteem
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     October
                     and
                     November
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pear
                     of
                     Colmar
                     came
                     to
                     me
                     under
                     that
                     Name
                     ,
                     from
                     an
                     illustrious
                     curious
                     Gentleman
                     
                     of
                     Guien
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     another
                     Place
                     under
                     the
                     Name
                     of
                     a
                     Manna-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     under
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     latter
                     Bergamot
                     :
                     And
                     indeed
                     this
                     last
                     Name
                     would
                     better
                     agree
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     Colmar
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     very
                     much
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     of
                     a
                     Boncretien
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     Bergamot
                     :
                     
                     Its
                     Head
                     is
                     flat
                     ,
                     its
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     indifferent
                     great
                     ,
                     and
                     sunk
                     very
                     hollow
                     ,
                     its
                     belly
                     a
                     little
                     thought
                     bigger
                     than
                     the
                     Head
                     ,
                     moderately
                     lengthening
                     it self
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     grosly
                     lessening
                     till
                     it
                     comes
                     to
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     short
                     ,
                     pretty
                     thick
                     and
                     bent
                     downwards
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     spotted
                     green
                     like
                     the
                     Bergamet
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     a
                     little
                     tinged
                     with
                     red
                     on
                     the
                     side
                     next
                     the
                     Sun
                     :
                     It
                     grows
                     a
                     little
                     yellow
                     when
                     it
                     comes
                     to
                     be
                     mellow
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     in
                     December
                     and
                     January
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     reaches
                     as
                     far
                     as
                     February
                     and
                     March
                     :
                     Its
                     Skin
                     is
                     gentle
                     and
                     smooth
                     ,
                     its
                     Pulp
                     tender
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     very
                     sweet
                     and
                     very
                     sugred
                     ;
                     in
                     which
                     you
                     have
                     the
                     Picture
                     of
                     an
                     Excellent
                     Pear
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     it
                     has
                     the
                     same
                     ill
                     Offices
                     to
                     fear
                     from
                     the
                     Quality
                     of
                     the
                     Soil
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     Seasons
                     with
                     the
                     Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Louise-bonne
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Petit
                       oin
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     subject
                     to
                     have
                     its
                     Pulp
                     gritty
                     and
                     insipid
                     ;
                     besides
                     which
                     ,
                     it
                     fears
                     the
                     least
                     blasts
                     of
                     the
                     Autumn
                     Winds
                     ,
                     which
                     especially
                     upon
                     Tall-trees
                     easily
                     blow
                     down
                     its
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     hinder
                     it
                     from
                     acquiring
                     that
                     degree
                     of
                     Perfection
                     which
                     naturally
                     it
                     should
                     have
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     just
                     maturity
                     of
                     mellowness
                     is
                     not
                     easie
                     to
                     nick
                     ;
                     for
                     though
                     it
                     be
                     yellow
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     always
                     ripe
                     enough
                     for
                     all
                     that
                     ,
                     but
                     after
                     it
                     has
                     appeared
                     yellow
                     for
                     a
                     considerable
                     time
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     yields
                     a
                     little
                     to
                     the
                     Thumb
                     ,
                     if
                     gently
                     pinch'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Petit-oin
                     ,
                     which
                     some
                     Angevins
                     ,
                     or
                     People
                     of
                     Anjou
                     ,
                     name
                     Bouvar
                     ,
                     others
                     the
                     Russet
                     of
                     Anjou
                     ,
                     others
                     Amadont
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     others
                     ,
                     the
                     Winter-Marvel
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     November
                     .
                     
                     It
                     is
                     almost
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     the
                     Ambrets
                     or
                     Leschasseries
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     clear
                     green
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     spotted
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     small
                     touch
                     of
                     yellow
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     ripe
                     ;
                     one
                     would
                     be
                     
                     ready
                     enough
                     to
                     take
                     it
                     for
                     a
                     midling
                     Bergamot
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     nothing
                     of
                     flatness
                     ,
                     but
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     is
                     very
                     round
                     ,
                     has
                     a
                     great
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     jetting
                     outwards
                     ,
                     a
                     small
                     stalk
                     pretty
                     long
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     bending
                     downward
                     ,
                     and
                     shallow
                     set
                     ,
                     a
                     Skin
                     between
                     rough
                     and
                     soft
                     ;
                     its
                     Body
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     uneven
                     ,
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     Bunches
                     ,
                     its
                     Pulp
                     extreamly
                     fine
                     and
                     melting
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     stony
                     or
                     earthy
                     remains
                     ,
                     its
                     juice
                     very
                     sweet
                     ,
                     very
                     much
                     sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     agreeably
                     Perfumed
                     with
                     a
                     smack
                     of
                     Musk
                     ;
                     all
                     which
                     confirms
                     to
                     us
                     ,
                     That
                     as
                     little
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     Bulk
                     ,
                     it
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     allowed
                     a
                     Place
                     among
                     good
                     Pears
                     ,
                     and
                     be
                     ranked
                     among
                     the
                     first
                     in
                     Fruit-Gardens
                     ,
                     though
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     elsewhere
                     said
                     ,
                     it
                     runs
                     the
                     same
                     hazards
                     as
                     the
                     Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     principal
                     Pears
                     of
                     contracting
                     a
                     doughy
                     and
                     insipid
                     Pulp
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     for
                     all
                     that
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     said
                     ,
                     That
                     provided
                     its
                     natural
                     temper
                     be
                     not
                     spoiled
                     by
                     those
                     Things
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     termed
                     the
                     sworn
                     Enemies
                     of
                     all
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     too
                     much
                     moisture
                     and
                     too
                     little
                     heat
                     ;
                     there
                     cannot
                     ,
                     during
                     two
                     Months
                     space
                     ,
                     be
                     seen
                     a
                     better
                     little
                     Pear
                     than
                     this
                     is
                     in
                     its
                     perfect
                     Maturity
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     
                       Louise
                       Bonne
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     shape
                     pretty
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     St.
                     the
                     German-Pear
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     even
                     of
                     the
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-Pear
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     quite
                     so
                     narrow
                     pointed
                     ;
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     are
                     much
                     bigger
                     and
                     longer
                     than
                     others
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     least
                     are
                     best
                     ;
                     its
                     stalk
                     is
                     very
                     short
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     fleshy
                     ,
                     and
                     bent
                     downwards
                     ;
                     its
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     is
                     small
                     and
                     even
                     with
                     the
                     body
                     ;
                     its
                     skin
                     very
                     gentle
                     and
                     smooth
                     ,
                     its
                     colour
                     of
                     a
                     speckled
                     greenish
                     ,
                     growing
                     whitish
                     as
                     it
                     ripens
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     not
                     to
                     the
                     bigger
                     of
                     them
                     :
                     The
                     First
                     Mark
                     then
                     of
                     its
                     ripeness
                     is
                     that
                     whiteness
                     ,
                     tho
                     that
                     be
                     not
                     sufficient
                     alone
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     must
                     yield
                     to
                     the
                     thumb
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     gently
                     pinched
                     towards
                     the
                     Crown
                     :
                     It
                     's
                     other
                     good
                     qualities
                     consist
                     in
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     marvellously
                     fruitful
                     ,
                     and
                     supplies
                     almost
                     the
                     two
                     whole
                     Months
                     of
                     November
                     and
                     December
                     ;
                     that
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     extreamly
                     tender
                     ,
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     which
                     Juice
                     is
                     pretty
                     sweet
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     rich
                     Taste
                     ;
                     in
                     that
                     it
                     grows
                     not
                     soft
                     and
                     pappy
                     ,
                     as
                     most
                     other
                     Pears
                     do
                     ;
                     and
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     it
                     very
                     much
                     pleases
                     his
                     Majesty
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     understood
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     has
                     all
                     the
                     goodness
                     it
                     is
                     capable
                     of
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     seems
                     to
                     be
                     like
                     Children
                     that
                     are
                     born
                     with
                     good
                     inclinations
                     ,
                     of
                     whom
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     truly
                     said
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     well
                     Educated
                     ,
                     those
                     good
                     Qualities
                     improve
                     in
                     them
                     to
                     perfection
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     ill
                     ,
                     they
                     degenerate
                     and
                     are
                     corrupted
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     ,
                     wet
                     grounds
                     makes
                     this
                     Pear
                     very
                     big
                     ,
                     but
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     very
                     bad
                     withal
                     ,
                     giving
                     it
                     a
                     green
                     crude
                     and
                     wildish
                     Tast
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     very
                     peculiar
                     sort
                     of
                     pulp
                     not
                     otherwise
                     to
                     be
                     described
                     ,
                     but
                     by
                     saying
                     it
                     is
                     almost
                     like
                     congealed
                     Oyl
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     true
                     enough
                     ,
                     that
                     this
                     pulp
                     makes
                     no
                     continuous
                     body
                     ,
                     its
                     parts
                     hanging
                     no
                     more
                     together
                     ,
                     than
                     so
                     many
                     grains
                     of
                     honey
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     wetted
                     sand
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     recompence
                     ,
                     the
                     full
                     Air
                     and
                     Standard
                     Trees
                     are
                     very
                     favourable
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     would
                     be
                     more
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     stuck
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     faster
                     than
                     it
                     does
                     ,
                     to
                     its
                     Stalk
                     :
                     From
                     whence
                     't
                     is
                     easie
                     to
                     conclude
                     that
                     such
                     as
                     we
                     see
                     good
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     are
                     of
                     the
                     growth
                     of
                     dry
                     Soils
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     of
                     such
                     other
                     grounds
                     as
                     have
                     been
                     very
                     carefully
                     cultivated
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Verte-Long
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Long
                       Green
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     Mouille-Bouche
                     ,
                     or
                     Mouth-Moistner
                     
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     those
                     Ancient
                     Pears
                     that
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     knows
                     ;
                     of
                     the
                     two
                     Names
                     it
                     bears
                     ,
                     the
                     first
                     gives
                     the
                     true
                     Description
                     of
                     its
                     outside
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     denotes
                     its
                     inward
                     goodness
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     Friends
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     which
                     are
                     its
                     Adversaries
                     object
                     against
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     often
                     comes
                     unseasonably
                     to
                     mix
                     it self
                     in
                     the
                     company
                     of
                     the
                     Lateward-Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     among
                     the
                     Butter-Pears
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     among
                     excellent
                     Pears
                     endued
                     with
                     such
                     charming
                     Qualities
                     that
                     are
                     able
                     to
                     Eclipse
                     all
                     that
                     the
                     Verte-Longue
                     can
                     shew
                     to
                     recommend
                     it self
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     to
                     perswade
                     people
                     they
                     may
                     very
                     well
                     be
                     without
                     it
                     ;
                     they
                     likewise
                     find
                     fault
                     with
                     it
                     for
                     being
                     too
                     apt
                     to
                     grow
                     soft
                     ,
                     and
                     because
                     unless
                     it
                     grow
                     in
                     a
                     ground
                     that
                     's
                     Dry
                     and
                     Sweet
                     ,
                     it
                     commonly
                     is
                     in
                     danger
                     of
                     growing
                     doughy
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     of
                     having
                     but
                     a
                     faint
                     and
                     insipid
                     Juice
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     confess
                     indeed
                     ,
                     That
                     those
                     are
                     very
                     powerful
                     Reproaches
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     altogether
                     true
                     ,
                     and
                     inseparably
                     affixed
                     to
                     this
                     Pear
                     ;
                     but
                     we
                     can
                     answer
                     ,
                     First
                     ,
                     That
                     we
                     suppose
                     in
                     this
                     place
                     the
                     ground
                     to
                     be
                     favourable
                     enough
                     to
                     produce
                     good
                     ones
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     we
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Ripening
                     is
                     commonly
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     then
                     the
                     Butter-Pears
                     are
                     ordinarily
                     gone
                     and
                     past
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     in
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     it
                     often
                     makes
                     an
                     agreeable
                     interlude
                     in
                     consort
                     with
                     the
                     last
                     ripe
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     with
                     the
                     Muscat-Grapes
                     ,
                     in
                     expectation
                     of
                     the
                     Ripening
                     of
                     the
                     Bergamot
                     and
                     Petit-Oin-Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     ought
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     long
                     behind
                     ;
                     for
                     otherwise
                     ,
                     we
                     are
                     reduced
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     shift
                     with
                     nothing
                     else
                     perhaps
                     ,
                     but
                     
                       Messire
                       Johns
                       ,
                       Vine-Pear
                       ,
                       Lansacs
                    
                     and
                     Rousselins
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Which
                     are
                     all
                     Pears
                     that
                     ought
                     to
                     hide
                     themselves
                     so
                     long
                     as
                     any
                     Verte-Longues
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-Greens
                     are
                     in
                     being
                     .
                  
                   
                     On
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     please
                     to
                     do
                     it
                     the
                     Justice
                     to
                     consider
                     the
                     great
                     quantity
                     ,
                     the
                     Sweetness
                     and
                     Perfume
                     of
                     its
                     Juice
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     delicacy
                     and
                     fineness
                     of
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     we
                     cannot
                     but
                     confess
                     we
                     have
                     no
                     Pear
                     that
                     can
                     dispute
                     with
                     it
                     in
                     those
                     Qualities
                     ;
                     nay
                     ,
                     further
                     I
                     dare
                     affirm
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     exceeds
                     most
                     other
                     Pears
                     in
                     that
                     wonderful
                     abundance
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     which
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     to
                     confound
                     its
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     it
                     ordinarily
                     presents
                     us
                     every
                     year
                     upon
                     our
                     Garden-Theater
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     very
                     certain
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     never
                     so
                     little
                     helped
                     out
                     with
                     Sugar
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     without
                     any
                     appearance
                     of
                     any
                     Stony
                     or
                     Earthly
                     Matter
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     has
                     hardly
                     any
                     more
                     skin
                     neither
                     than
                     good
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     find
                     so
                     many
                     Reasons
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     few
                     against
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     Fine
                     ,
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     all
                     Objections
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     make
                     it self
                     be
                     considered
                     ,
                     as
                     a
                     very
                     important
                     Fruit
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     perfect
                     Maturity
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Dolphin
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Lansac
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     ,
                     the
                     Lichefrion
                     ,
                     or
                     Lick-Sweet
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     
                     has
                     indeed
                     some
                     fine
                     days
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     very
                     foul
                     ones
                     :
                     It
                     s
                     ordinary
                     bigness
                     is
                     about
                     that
                     of
                     Bergamets
                     ,
                     and
                     none
                     but
                     the
                     little
                     ones
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     are
                     good
                     ;
                     its
                     shape
                     is
                     between
                     Round
                     and
                     Flat
                     towards
                     the
                     Head
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     longish
                     towards
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ;
                     its
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     pale
                     Yellow
                     ;
                     its
                     Juice
                     sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     perfumed
                     ;
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     smooth
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     Yellowish
                     ,
                     Tender
                     and
                     Melting
                     ;
                     its
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     Bigg
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     with
                     the
                     Body
                     ;
                     it
                     s
                     
                     Stalk
                     strait
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     Long
                     ,
                     Thick
                     and
                     Fleshy
                     :
                     And
                     I
                     have
                     met
                     with
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     to
                     my
                     Tast
                     ,
                     were
                     almost
                     perfectly
                     good
                     Pears
                     ;
                     but
                     as
                     I
                     said
                     just
                     now
                     ,
                     that
                     happens
                     only
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     but
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     bigness
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     when
                     their
                     skin
                     is
                     almost
                     all
                     over
                     covered
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Coat
                     of
                     Russet
                     or
                     Cinnamon
                     Colour
                     ,
                     which
                     often
                     happens
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     grow
                     in
                     dry
                     grounds
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     Tall
                     Trees
                     ;
                     for
                     in
                     any
                     other
                     Soil
                     ,
                     or
                     on
                     any
                     other
                     sort
                     of
                     Tree
                     ,
                     this
                     sort
                     of
                     Pear
                     proves
                     Doughie
                     ,
                     Inspid
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     a
                     Word
                     ,
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     imperfect
                     Pears
                     in
                     Nature
                     ;
                     which
                     proves
                     but
                     too
                     true
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     growing
                     in
                     Cold
                     and
                     Moist
                     Soils
                     ,
                     or
                     particularly
                     upon
                     tufted
                     and
                     bushy
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     have
                     acquired
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     whitish
                     green
                     colour
                     ;
                     from
                     this
                     then
                     ,
                     it
                     follows
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Lansac
                     is
                     like
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     good
                     Pears
                     of
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     spoken
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     succeeds
                     not
                     indeed
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     is
                     in
                     an
                     entire
                     good
                     disposition
                     to
                     do
                     well
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     happily
                     planted
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     might
                     well
                     enough
                     deserve
                     a
                     tolerable
                     good
                     place
                     in
                     a
                     small
                     Garden
                     ,
                     if
                     particularly
                     it
                     Ripened
                     in
                     any
                     other
                     Season
                     but
                     just
                     at
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     November
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     so
                     well
                     stored
                     with
                     other
                     Pears
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Order
                     ;
                     upon
                     which
                     consideration
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     defer
                     placing
                     it
                     ,
                     till
                     we
                     come
                     to
                     plant
                     bigger
                     Gardens
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     seven
                     other
                     preceding
                     ones
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     make
                     an
                     admirable
                     consort
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     
                       November
                       ,
                       December
                    
                     and
                     January
                     ,
                     having
                     to
                     second
                     them
                     ,
                     the
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     the
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     the
                     Thorn-pears
                     ,
                     and
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     the
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     which
                     seems
                     to
                     make
                     in
                     this
                     body
                     of
                     Musick
                     ,
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     continual
                     Base
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     to
                     those
                     seven
                     preceding
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     cannot
                     deny
                     but
                     I
                     am
                     much
                     puzled
                     how
                     to
                     decide
                     in
                     what
                     Order
                     they
                     ought
                     to
                     have
                     admission
                     into
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     all
                     so
                     very
                     good
                     ;
                     yet
                     if
                     I
                     had
                     some
                     of
                     those
                     good
                     Soils
                     which
                     offend
                     neither
                     in
                     too
                     much
                     driness
                     nor
                     moisture
                     ,
                     I
                     would
                     give
                     my
                     Voice
                     to
                     the
                     Petit-Oin
                     for
                     the
                     ninth
                     place
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     Crasane
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Tenth
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Germain
                    
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Eleventh
                     ,
                     the
                     Colmar
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Twelfth
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Louise
                       bonne
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Thirteenth
                     ,
                     the
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-Green
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Fourteenth
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     the
                     Marquise
                     ,
                     or
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Fifteenth
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Ninth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Petit-Oin
                     .
                     A.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Tenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Crasane
                     .
                     B.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Eleventh
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     St.
                     Germain
                     .
                     C.
                     
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Twelfth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                     D.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Thirteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     .
                     E.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Fourteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Verte-Longue
                     .
                     F.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Fifteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                     G.
                     
                  
                   
                     And
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     here
                     to
                     be
                     Remarked
                     by
                     all
                     the
                     world
                     (
                     for
                     ordinarily
                     men
                     are
                     not
                     Masters
                     of
                     such
                     happy
                     Soils
                     )
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     of
                     these
                     seven
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     two
                     that
                     are
                     much
                     afraid
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     dry
                     ground
                     ,
                     and
                     require
                     one
                     that
                     is
                     moderately
                     Moist
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     Crasane
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     St.
                     Germain
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     other
                     five
                     sorts
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     of
                     a
                     quite
                     opposite
                     Temper
                     ,
                     and
                     succeed
                     wonderfully
                     well
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     two
                     others
                     miscarry
                     ;
                     and
                     again
                     in
                     their
                     turn
                     ,
                     become
                     Objects
                     of
                     our
                     pity
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     of
                     our
                     Horrour
                     and
                     Aversion
                     ,
                     in
                     moist
                     Soils
                     ,
                     unless
                     our
                     industry
                     and
                     cultivation
                     be
                     very
                     skillfully
                     applied
                     to
                     correct
                     that
                     defect
                     .
                  
                   
                     You
                     may
                     be
                     pleased
                     to
                     take
                     Notice
                     ,
                     what
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     I
                     have
                     practised
                     with
                     good
                     
                     success
                     enough
                     in
                     the
                     Kings
                     Kitchin-Garden
                     ;
                     The
                     Scituation
                     of
                     the
                     place
                     which
                     is
                     naturally
                     Marshy
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Temper
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     which
                     is
                     cold
                     and
                     gross
                     ,
                     put
                     me
                     on
                     upon
                     making
                     many
                     Experiments
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     said
                     elsewhere
                     ;
                     for
                     I
                     was
                     absolutely
                     minded
                     to
                     have
                     of
                     all
                     those
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     that
                     really
                     had
                     any
                     thing
                     of
                     worth
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     desirable
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     that
                     effect
                     ,
                     striving
                     particularly
                     to
                     content
                     the
                     palate
                     of
                     the
                     Master
                     I
                     have
                     the
                     honour
                     to
                     serve
                     ,
                     I
                     endeavoured
                     to
                     lay
                     in
                     there
                     a
                     proportion
                     of
                     Molds
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Constitutions
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     those
                     Pears
                     the
                     means
                     to
                     attain
                     their
                     due
                     perfection
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     raised
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     my
                     ground
                     into
                     double
                     Slopes
                     and
                     Ridges
                     with
                     convenient
                     Furrows
                     and
                     Gutters
                     between
                     ,
                     to
                     drain
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     to
                     dry
                     them
                     from
                     all
                     superfluous
                     Moisture
                     ;
                     and
                     planted
                     upon
                     the
                     most
                     Elevated
                     parts
                     of
                     these
                     Ridges
                     or
                     Slopes
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     form
                     of
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     or
                     Standard-trees
                     ,
                     such
                     sorts
                     of
                     Fruits
                     that
                     could
                     the
                     least
                     endure
                     humidity
                     ,
                     and
                     placed
                     those
                     others
                     that
                     find
                     their
                     Account
                     better
                     in
                     a
                     Scituation
                     not
                     so
                     dry
                     ,
                     in
                     other
                     parts
                     which
                     I
                     had
                     not
                     raised
                     so
                     high
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Counsel
                     then
                     that
                     I
                     take
                     the
                     Liberty
                     to
                     give
                     to
                     all
                     curious
                     persons
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     if
                     their
                     little
                     Gardens
                     offend
                     in
                     humidity
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     be
                     minded
                     to
                     correct
                     that
                     Fault
                     in
                     them
                     ,
                     they
                     would
                     imitate
                     as
                     far
                     as
                     they
                     can
                     in
                     due
                     proportion
                     ,
                     what
                     I
                     have
                     practised
                     in
                     a
                     very
                     great
                     one
                     ;
                     and
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     who
                     have
                     only
                     a
                     very
                     dry
                     Soil
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     please
                     to
                     believe
                     me
                     ,
                     would
                     plant
                     but
                     few
                     Crasane
                     ,
                     or
                     St.
                     Germain-Pear-trees
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     upon
                     
                     free-stocks
                     ,
                     for
                     fear
                     otherwise
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     biting
                     sharpness
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     sowrness
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     (
                     tho
                     both
                     those
                     Tasts
                     are
                     easily
                     allayed
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     Sugar
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     vanish
                     when
                     those
                     Fruits
                     come
                     to
                     their
                     full
                     Ripeness
                     )
                     and
                     would
                     rather
                     fix
                     upon
                     the
                     five
                     other
                     sorts
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     amply
                     recompense
                     them
                     for
                     all
                     their
                     pains
                     and
                     care
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     those
                     again
                     who
                     have
                     ground
                     that
                     is
                     moderately
                     Moist
                     ,
                     will
                     do
                     well
                     to
                     give
                     some
                     good
                     places
                     to
                     some
                     Dwarf-trees
                     of
                     the
                     Crasane
                     and
                     St.
                     Germain-Pears
                     grafted
                     ,
                     either
                     upon
                     free
                     or
                     Quince-stocks
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     to
                     reject
                     the
                     Louise-Bonns
                     ,
                     or
                     Good-Louise
                     ,
                     the
                     Petit-Oins
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Marchioness-pears
                     ,
                     unless
                     they
                     plant
                     Standard
                     Trees
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     or
                     take
                     great
                     care
                     that
                     nothing
                     cover
                     them
                     from
                     the
                     heat
                     of
                     the
                     Sun.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     short
                     Eating
                     Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     were
                     formerly
                     in
                     such
                     great
                     Vogue
                     in
                     all
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     are
                     so
                     far
                     from
                     seeing
                     themselves
                     in
                     favour
                     at
                     this
                     day
                     ,
                     that
                     now
                     no
                     esteem
                     at
                     all
                     is
                     made
                     neither
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Messire
                       Johns
                    
                     ,
                     nor
                     Dry-Martins
                     ,
                     nor
                     Portals
                     ,
                     nor
                     Besideries
                     ,
                     and
                     if
                     they
                     appear
                     upon
                     Noble
                     Tables
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     never
                     to
                     return
                     any
                     more
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     give
                     any
                     pleasure
                     to
                     the
                     Taste
                     ;
                     but
                     only
                     with
                     design
                     at
                     most
                     ,
                     to
                     help
                     towards
                     a
                     solid
                     construction
                     of
                     Fruit-Pyramids
                     there
                     used
                     for
                     State
                     or
                     Shew
                     .
                     Yet
                     notwithstanding
                     all
                     this
                     ,
                     these
                     kinds
                     of
                     Pears
                     are
                     not
                     without
                     some
                     Patrons
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     sensible
                     they
                     have
                     still
                     as
                     much
                     worth
                     as
                     ever
                     they
                     had
                     formerly
                     ,
                     they
                     demand
                     to
                     be
                     admitted
                     to
                     have
                     the
                     fair
                     play
                     to
                     shew
                     it
                     with
                     the
                     best
                     advantage
                     to
                     the
                     world
                     ;
                     to
                     endeavour
                     what
                     they
                     can
                     to
                     retrive
                     their
                     credit
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     be
                     suffered
                     at
                     least
                     to
                     follow
                     next
                     those
                     fifteen
                     choice
                     preceding
                     Pears
                     which
                     have
                     had
                     all
                     the
                     honour
                     of
                     the
                     First
                     Gardens
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Excellency
                     of
                     the
                     Dry-Martin
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     sometimes
                     called
                     the
                     Dry-Martin
                     of
                     Champagne
                     ,
                     
                     to
                     distinguish
                     it
                     from
                     another
                     that
                     is
                     called
                     the
                     Dry-Martin
                     of
                     Burgundy
                     ,
                     does
                     not
                     consist
                     in
                     its
                     being
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     't
                     is
                     called
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Russelet
                    
                     (
                     tho
                     there
                     be
                     another
                     Pear
                     that
                     having
                     no
                     other
                     Name
                     but
                     that
                     ,
                     takes
                     it
                     very
                     ill
                     the
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     should
                     so
                     enviously
                     usurp
                     the
                     Title
                     from
                     it
                     .
                     )
                     Neither
                     does
                     it's
                     Merit
                     consist
                     in
                     that
                     being
                     tinged
                     with
                     an
                     Isabella
                     Red
                     on
                     the
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     very
                     High
                     Coloured
                     Red
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     it
                     extreamly
                     pleases
                     the
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     would
                     not
                     be
                     enough
                     to
                     carry
                     the
                     Prize
                     in
                     a
                     contestation
                     about
                     the
                     goodness
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     lies
                     first
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     pulp
                     that
                     eats
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     is
                     pretty
                     fine
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     a
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     smack
                     of
                     perfume
                     ;
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     the
                     advantage
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     to
                     Eat
                     with
                     its
                     skin
                     and
                     all
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     the
                     true
                     Russeles
                     or
                     Russetin
                     ,
                     nay
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     be
                     eaten
                     too
                     as
                     soon
                     almost
                     as
                     't
                     is
                     gathered
                     ;
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Fruit
                     of
                     Great
                     increase
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     keeps
                     pretty
                     long
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     some
                     use
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     November
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     that
                     its
                     Plant
                     forms
                     a
                     very
                     fine
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     produces
                     well
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Figures
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Grounds
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     cannot
                     but
                     have
                     some
                     esteem
                     for
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     accordingly
                     shall
                     admit
                     it
                     to
                     appear
                     when
                     we
                     shall
                     come
                     to
                     model
                     the
                     Plantations
                     of
                     Great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     when
                     we
                     come
                     to
                     finish
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     hundred
                     Trees
                     ;
                     But
                     in
                     little
                     ones
                     it
                     durst
                     not
                     presume
                     to
                     shew
                     it self
                     among
                     so
                     many
                     other
                     excellent
                     tender
                     Pears
                     that
                     come
                     in
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     November
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Messira-John
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     White
                     or
                     Grey
                     (
                     for
                     they
                     are
                     both
                     but
                     the
                     same
                     sort
                     )
                     who
                     is
                     there
                     that
                     knows
                     it
                     not
                     ?
                     It
                     has
                     not
                     in
                     Truth
                     the
                     Gift
                     to
                     please
                     all
                     the
                     world
                     :
                     For
                     those
                     that
                     like
                     it
                     not
                     find
                     Fault
                     with
                     its
                     stoniness
                     to
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     Subject
                     ,
                     and
                     Objject
                     against
                     its
                     rough
                     and
                     gross
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     which
                     by
                     this
                     means
                     it
                     contracts
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     ,
                     with
                     but
                     too
                     much
                     Reason
                     ;
                     yet
                     methinks
                     they
                     lash
                     out
                     a
                     little
                     too
                     far
                     in
                     their
                     contempt
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     when
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     but
                     a
                     Pear
                     for
                     a
                     Curate
                     ,
                     a
                     Burgess
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     Serving-man
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     most
                     ,
                     a
                     Pear
                     for
                     the
                     
                       Vulgar
                       people
                    
                     ;
                     but
                     whatsoever
                     they
                     are
                     pleased
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     they
                     cannot
                     but
                     confess
                     however
                     ,
                     in
                     its
                     justification
                     ,
                     that
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     it
                     dreads
                     and
                     abhors
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     too
                     dry
                     ,
                     and
                     Summers
                     too
                     burning
                     hot
                     ,
                     which
                     make
                     it
                     small
                     and
                     despicable
                     ;
                     so
                     much
                     it
                     desires
                     and
                     delights
                     in
                     a
                     Soil
                     that
                     is
                     moderately
                     moist
                     ,
                     either
                     by
                     Nature
                     ,
                     or
                     by
                     Art
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     Moist
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     the
                     help
                     of
                     Watering
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     accommodated
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     Summer
                     that
                     is
                     pretty
                     mild
                     ,
                     it
                     infallibly
                     prospers
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     grow
                     a
                     fair
                     large
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     great
                     increase
                     ,
                     thriving
                     almost
                     as
                     well
                     upon
                     a
                     Free
                     ,
                     as
                     upon
                     a
                     Quince-stock
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     Form
                     of
                     a
                     Standard-tree
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     :
                     The
                     shape
                     of
                     this
                     Pear
                     is
                     flat
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     rough
                     
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     Grey
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     White
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     gentler
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     a
                     short
                     Eating
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     it
                     yields
                     a
                     very
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     midling
                     quantity
                     of
                     stony
                     substance
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     may
                     even
                     be
                     praised
                     for
                     so
                     well
                     nicking
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Ripening
                     ;
                     for
                     that
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     to
                     avoid
                     the
                     confusion
                     it
                     might
                     suffer
                     if
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     so
                     bold
                     as
                     to
                     intrude
                     into
                     the
                     Company
                     of
                     the
                     tender
                     and
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     presume
                     to
                     compare
                     it self
                     ,
                     it
                     stays
                     just
                     till
                     the
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     the
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Verte-longues
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     are
                     past
                     ,
                     and
                     comes
                     in
                     a
                     little
                     before
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     only
                     to
                     amuse
                     the
                     curious
                     ,
                     whilst
                     the
                     
                       Marchionessos
                       ,
                       Louise-bonnes
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise's
                     and
                     Petit-Oins
                     are
                     advancing
                     towards
                     their
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     whilst
                     the
                     Bergamot
                     is
                     preparing
                     to
                     shew
                     her self
                     
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     splendour
                     and
                     agreeableness
                     that
                     becomes
                     the
                     Queen
                     of
                     Pears
                     :
                     If
                     this
                     Messire-John
                     had
                     any
                     better
                     Reasons
                     to
                     produce
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     not
                     fail
                     to
                     alledge
                     them
                     with
                     the
                     utmost
                     advantage
                     it
                     could
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     desires
                     we
                     should
                     count
                     it
                     for
                     one
                     Plea
                     in
                     its
                     favour
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     disposed
                     well
                     enough
                     to
                     form
                     a
                     goodly
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     its
                     Fruit
                     makes
                     an
                     Indifferent
                     fine
                     Figure
                     in
                     the
                     Deserts
                     of
                     the
                     Vacation
                     Season
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     would
                     not
                     be
                     just
                     ,
                     if
                     after
                     we
                     have
                     spoken
                     of
                     the
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                     we
                     should
                     not
                     say
                     something
                     too
                     of
                     the
                     Portal
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     so
                     famous
                     in
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     greatest
                     Provinces
                     
                     in
                     the
                     Kingdom
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     of
                     Poitou
                     ,
                     a
                     Province
                     full
                     of
                     Gentry
                     of
                     very
                     delicate
                     Palats
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     curious
                     in
                     Matters
                     of
                     Gardening
                     ;
                     such
                     a
                     proceeding
                     would
                     be
                     publickly
                     to
                     reflect
                     on
                     them
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     grosly
                     mistaken
                     in
                     the
                     Esteem
                     they
                     make
                     of
                     their
                     Portal-pear
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     put
                     my self
                     in
                     danger
                     of
                     being
                     accused
                     by
                     them
                     of
                     not
                     knowing
                     it
                     well
                     enough
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     should
                     prefer
                     many
                     other
                     Pears
                     before
                     it
                     ;
                     but
                     for
                     all
                     that
                     ,
                     to
                     speak
                     of
                     it
                     with
                     all
                     possible
                     sincerity
                     ,
                     I
                     must
                     needs
                     say
                     ,
                     I
                     know
                     no
                     Pear
                     that
                     has
                     a
                     greater
                     number
                     of
                     Enemies
                     than
                     this
                     ,
                     whose
                     aversion
                     is
                     grounded
                     upon
                     all
                     those
                     Faults
                     that
                     discredit
                     it
                     in
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     places
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     these
                     that
                     follow
                     ,
                     Viz.
                     That
                     it
                     is
                     somewhat
                     hard
                     ,
                     stony
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     earthy
                     and
                     gritty
                     substance
                     ;
                     that
                     it
                     seldom
                     comes
                     to
                     any
                     good
                     any
                     where
                     else
                     but
                     in
                     Poitou
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     in
                     and
                     about
                     the
                     City
                     of
                     Poitiers
                     ;
                     that
                     it
                     seldom
                     ever
                     begins
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     to
                     Eat
                     ,
                     till
                     it
                     begins
                     to
                     have
                     some
                     speck
                     of
                     Rottenness
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     said
                     of
                     any
                     other
                     Fruit
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     much
                     of
                     the
                     Nature
                     of
                     Musk-Melons
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     for
                     one
                     Pear
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     ,
                     that
                     proves
                     excellent
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     very
                     many
                     that
                     are
                     very
                     far
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     besides
                     that
                     its
                     Dwarf-trees
                     are
                     ordinarily
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     mean
                     Beauty
                     .
                  
                   
                     That
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     answered
                     in
                     its
                     defence
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     notwithstanding
                     all
                     these
                     Reproaches
                     ,
                     it
                     cannot
                     be
                     disputed
                     but
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     some
                     good
                     Qualities
                     which
                     are
                     capable
                     to
                     procure
                     it
                     some
                     consideration
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     has
                     all
                     the
                     Goodness
                     which
                     belongs
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     ordinarily
                     is
                     not
                     found
                     but
                     in
                     such
                     Pears
                     of
                     it
                     as
                     are
                     of
                     the
                     product
                     of
                     Trees
                     grafted
                     upon
                     Free-stocks
                     :
                     It's
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     its
                     agreeable
                     perfume
                     ,
                     its
                     bigness
                     ,
                     its
                     colour
                     and
                     its
                     shape
                     ,
                     which
                     render
                     it
                     almost
                     like
                     a
                     brown
                     and
                     very
                     flat
                     M●ssire-John
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     mellowing
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     January
                     and
                     February
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     These
                     Reasons
                     might
                     methinks
                     sweeten
                     peoples
                     
                     minds
                     towards
                     the
                     Portal-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     induce
                     them
                     to
                     consent
                     I
                     should
                     give
                     it
                     a
                     good
                     place
                     ,
                     especially
                     considering
                     withal
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     tho
                     commonly
                     it
                     be
                     better
                     in
                     Poitou
                     than
                     any
                     where
                     else
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     however
                     true
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     pretty
                     often
                     some
                     in
                     this
                     Country
                     that
                     hardly
                     yield
                     to
                     them
                     of
                     Poitou
                     in
                     goodness
                     ;
                     but
                     that
                     being
                     something
                     rare
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     best
                     for
                     our
                     purpose
                     to
                     leave
                     the
                     Gentlemen
                     Poitevins
                     in
                     full
                     Liberty
                     to
                     plant
                     themselves
                     as
                     many
                     Trees
                     as
                     they
                     please
                     ,
                     of
                     their
                     so
                     much
                     beloved
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     counsel
                     my
                     Querists
                     every
                     where
                     else
                     ,
                     to
                     prefer
                     many
                     other
                     Pears
                     before
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     placed
                     fifteen
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     next
                     speak
                     of
                     those
                     others
                     that
                     I
                     still
                     esteem
                     beyond
                     the
                     Portal
                     ,
                     to
                     fill
                     up
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     five
                     and
                     twenty
                     ,
                     or
                     thirty
                     first
                     places
                     in
                     Gardens
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     extent
                     .
                  
                   
                     You
                     are
                     without
                     doubt
                     surprised
                     ,
                     that
                     having
                     above
                     named
                     in
                     passing
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Augustine
                    
                     among
                     the
                     principal
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     since
                     made
                     no
                     more
                     mention
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     the
                     
                     placing
                     it
                     :
                     The
                     Truth
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     this
                     omission
                     was
                     made
                     ,
                     not
                     out
                     of
                     any
                     forgetfulness
                     ,
                     but
                     only
                     because
                     of
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     mellowing
                     ,
                     which
                     hapning
                     together
                     with
                     so
                     many
                     others
                     towards
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     December
                     made
                     me
                     reckon
                     this
                     ill
                     〈…〉
                     ing
                     its
                     season
                     for
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Fault
                     .
                     I
                     had
                     formerly
                     seen
                     some
                     under
                     this
                     Name
                     ,
                     and
                     under
                     that
                     of
                     Pears
                     of
                     Pisa
                     ,
                     which
                     
                     I
                     made
                     no
                     account
                     of
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     their
                     smallness
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     because
                     of
                     the
                     hardness
                     and
                     dryness
                     of
                     their
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     tho
                     a
                     little
                     Perfumed
                     ;
                     but
                     since
                     that
                     I
                     have
                     seen
                     other
                     very
                     fair
                     ones
                     which
                     I
                     believe
                     different
                     from
                     the
                     former
                     ,
                     and
                     found
                     them
                     very
                     good
                     :
                     They
                     are
                     of
                     much
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     Virgoulee-pear
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     indifferent
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     having
                     their
                     belly
                     and
                     also
                     their
                     lower
                     part
                     round
                     ,
                     but
                     
                     with
                     some
                     diminution
                     of
                     bigness
                     as
                     well
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     ,
                     as
                     towards
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ;
                     I
                     should
                     tell
                     you
                     ,
                     this
                     stalk
                     is
                     rather
                     long
                     than
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     it
                     appears
                     strait
                     in
                     some
                     ,
                     and
                     bent
                     downwards
                     in
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     not
                     hollow
                     set
                     in
                     the
                     part
                     out
                     of
                     which
                     it
                     comes
                     ;
                     its
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     somewhat
                     sunk
                     in
                     wards
                     ;
                     its
                     colour
                     is
                     a
                     fair
                     Lemon-yellow
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     speckled
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     blush
                     of
                     Red
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     next
                     the
                     Sun
                     :
                     The
                     Pulp
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     tender
                     ,
                     without
                     being
                     butterish
                     ,
                     and
                     furnishes
                     more
                     Juice
                     in
                     the
                     Mouth
                     than
                     it
                     promised
                     in
                     cutting
                     with
                     the
                     Knife
                     ;
                     some
                     of
                     these
                     Pears
                     have
                     a
                     little
                     smack
                     of
                     Sowrness
                     in
                     their
                     Tast
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     so
                     far
                     from
                     being
                     displeasing
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     serves
                     rather
                     to
                     give
                     it
                     the
                     greater
                     rellish
                     ;
                     and
                     some
                     others
                     of
                     them
                     have
                     hardly
                     any
                     at
                     all
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     I
                     believe
                     this
                     Description
                     sufficient
                     to
                     direct
                     you
                     how
                     to
                     know
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     assuredly
                     esteem
                     ,
                     but
                     should
                     prize
                     it
                     much
                     more
                     ,
                     if
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     was
                     made
                     to
                     hope
                     ,
                     it
                     could
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     keep
                     till
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     February
                     and
                     March
                     :
                     However
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     well
                     deserve
                     the
                     sixteenth
                     place
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     give
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       Sixteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                       St.
                    
                     Austin
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Seventeenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Messire-John
                     .
                     A.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Eighteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       Second
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                     B.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     done
                     ,
                     I
                     thought
                     I
                     could
                     not
                     do
                     better
                     than
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     Seventeenth
                     place
                     to
                     a
                     first
                     Messire-John
                     ;
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     pretty
                     good
                     Pear
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     large
                     and
                     full
                     ripe
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     Eighteenth
                     place
                     ,
                     to
                     a
                     second
                     Butter-Pear
                     ,
                     because
                     in
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     Eighteen
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     it
                     seems
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     that
                     't
                     would
                     be
                     too
                     little
                     to
                     have
                     but
                     one
                     Dwarf-tree
                     of
                     that
                     sort
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     now
                     here
                     follows
                     all
                     at
                     once
                     a
                     crowd
                     of
                     Pears
                     of
                     three
                     several
                     Seasons
                     ,
                     which
                     have
                     every
                     one
                     their
                     Partisans
                     to
                     demand
                     in
                     their
                     favour
                     the
                     Nineteenth
                     place
                     in
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     Nineteen
                     Trees
                     :
                     Viz.
                     The
                     little
                     Muscat
                     ,
                     or
                     Musk-pear
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     good
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     and
                     comes
                     in
                     in
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     July
                     ;
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madame
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     ;
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     lesser
                     one
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Long-tail'd
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Skinless
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Muscat-Robert
                     ,
                     the
                     Gourmandine
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Greedy
                       guts
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     the
                     Amiret
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Hasty
                       Russelet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Russetin
                     ,
                     the
                     Finor
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Cyprus
                       pear
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     Which
                     all
                     follow
                     the
                     little
                     Muscat
                     hard
                     at
                     the
                     heels
                     ;
                     The
                     Orange-green-pear
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     July
                     .
                     The
                     
                       Musked
                       Orange-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Summer
                       Thorn-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Summer
                       Bergamot
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Pear
                       d'Epargne
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Reserve-pear
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     August
                     ;
                     the
                     Oignonnet
                     ,
                     or
                     Onionet-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Fondante
                     ,
                     or
                     melting-pear
                     of
                     Brest
                     ,
                     the
                     Persume-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Brutte-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Chew-good-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     two
                     sorts
                     of
                     
                       Summer
                       Boncretiens
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Cassolette
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Month
                     ;
                     the
                     Salviati
                     ,
                     the
                     English-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Reville
                     ,
                     the
                     Cat-pear
                     of
                     the
                     Country
                     of
                     Foret
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Flowery-Muscat
                     ,
                     im
                     September
                     ,
                     the
                     Brown-Orange-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Russelin
                     ,
                     the
                     Fille-Dieu
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Daughter
                       of
                       Gods-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Suggar-green-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       motte
                    
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     October
                     and
                     November
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     the
                     Round-Milan
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     Winter-Milan-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Arch-Duke
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Boncretien
                       Butter-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Ebergenit
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Messire-John
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Pastourelle
                     ,
                     for
                     November
                     and
                     December
                     ;
                     the
                     Ronville
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Musk-peor
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Chaumontel
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Winter-Russelet
                     ,
                     for
                     January
                     and
                     February
                     ,
                     the
                     St.
                     Lezin
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bugi
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     March
                     and
                     April
                     ,
                     the
                     Winter-Lemon-pear
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     Lucina
                     ,
                     is
                     not
                     without
                     having
                     raised
                     some
                     affection
                     towards
                     it
                     in
                     some
                     curious
                     persons
                     that
                     love
                     Fruits
                     of
                     a
                     Perfumed
                     Rellish
                     :
                     The
                     Vine-pear
                     in
                     October
                     ,
                     boasts
                     it self
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     good
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     cannot
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     believes
                     ,
                     without
                     the
                     greatest
                     injustice
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     refuse
                     it
                     admittance
                     at
                     least
                     among
                     the
                     Nineteen
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                    
                     ,
                     has
                     it
                     not
                     ,
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     some
                     Adorers
                     of
                     its
                     Beauty
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     of
                     its
                     Goodness
                     ?
                     Nay
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     very
                     Besidery
                     ,
                     the
                     Carmelite
                     ,
                     the
                     Bernardiere
                     ,
                     the
                     Gilogile
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Cadet
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Double
                       crowned-pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Double-flowered
                       pear
                    
                     could
                     almost
                     find
                     in
                     their
                     Hearts
                     too
                     ,
                     to
                     present
                     their
                     Petitions
                     for
                     Precedence
                     before
                     all
                     those
                     we
                     have
                     just
                     now
                     named
                     :
                     And
                     the
                     Admiral
                     ,
                     the
                     Rose-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Malta-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Maudlin-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Catburnt-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Black
                       Sucrine
                    
                     or
                     
                       Black
                       Sugred-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Vilaine
                     of
                     Anjou
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Caillot
                       rosat
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Rosie
                       Pebble
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Thick
                       tail'd
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Besie
                       de
                       Caissoy
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     others
                     like
                     them
                     ,
                     have
                     indeed
                     some
                     Goodness
                     and
                     some
                     Reputation
                     in
                     some
                     certain
                     parts
                     :
                     But
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     believe
                     they
                     have
                     Vanity
                     enough
                     to
                     demand
                     I
                     should
                     speak
                     of
                     them
                     so
                     soon
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     doubtless
                     be
                     contented
                     to
                     appear
                     in
                     the
                     crowd
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     without
                     jealousie
                     see
                     many
                     other
                     Pears
                     make
                     a
                     great
                     Figure
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     whilst
                     with
                     little
                     noise
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     shall
                     be
                     allowed
                     their
                     place
                     in
                     some
                     by-part
                     in
                     great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     shall
                     serve
                     at
                     least
                     to
                     make
                     there
                     some
                     tolerable
                     variety
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pretensions
                     of
                     this
                     last
                     Troop
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     have
                     indeed
                     a
                     while
                     diverted
                     me
                     from
                     the
                     choice
                     I
                     design
                     to
                     make
                     for
                     our
                     Nineteenth
                     place
                     ,
                     but
                     have
                     not
                     made
                     me
                     change
                     it
                     ;
                     for
                     I
                     am
                     now
                     going
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     Honour
                     of
                     it
                     to
                     those
                     for
                     which
                     ,
                     of
                     all
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     my self
                     most
                     obliged
                     in
                     this
                     place
                     to
                     declare
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     as
                     yet
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     
                       Little
                       Muscat
                    
                     or
                     Musked-pear
                     ,
                     though
                     seriously
                     I
                     infinitely
                     
                     esteem
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     be
                     really
                     a
                     very
                     agreeable
                     Pear
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     pretty
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     have
                     time
                     to
                     grow
                     yellow
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     ripen
                     well
                     .
                     It
                     comes
                     alone
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     the
                     first
                     of
                     all
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     that
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     opens
                     the
                     Theater
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     all
                     which
                     Considerations
                     would
                     be
                     strong
                     enough
                     to
                     gain
                     me
                     in
                     its
                     Favour
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     't
                     is
                     too
                     small
                     a
                     Pear
                     to
                     take
                     up
                     so
                     soon
                     so
                     great
                     and
                     precious
                     a
                     Place
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     in
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     ,
                     no
                     more
                     than
                     the
                     Bergamot
                     ,
                     it
                     seldom
                     meets
                     with
                     any
                     success
                     :
                     It
                     requires
                     ,
                     without
                     doubt
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     planted
                     rather
                     against
                     Walls
                     ,
                     and
                     accordingly
                     I
                     shall
                     take
                     care
                     to
                     place
                     it
                     well
                     in
                     that
                     Situation
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     shall
                     come
                     to
                     treat
                     of
                     those
                     Fruits
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     garnish
                     our
                     Walls
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Great
                     Blanquet-pear
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     true
                     
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     or
                     
                       Lady
                       thigh
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     would
                     have
                     reason
                     to
                     be
                     offended
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     Muscat
                     should
                     precede
                     them
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     in
                     the
                     Form
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     though
                     doubtless
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     Contradiction
                     ,
                     they
                     both
                     
                     ought
                     to
                     give
                     place
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Wall-tree
                     .
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     think
                     't
                     is
                     most
                     proper
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     Nineteenth
                     place
                     here
                     to
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     or
                     
                       Lady
                       thigh
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Twentieth
                     to
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     rather
                     than
                     to
                     any
                     other
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Nineteenth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Cuisse
                     Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     .
                     A.
                     
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Twentieth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       First
                    
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                     .
                     B.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     or
                     
                       Lady
                       thigh
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     its
                     shape
                     and
                     colour
                     being
                     agreeable
                     to
                     that
                     sort
                     of
                     Pear
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     between
                     short
                     and
                     tender
                     ,
                     accompanied
                     with
                     an
                     indifferent
                     great
                     abundance
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     small
                     relish
                     of
                     Musk
                     ,
                     and
                     being
                     very
                     pleasant
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     full
                     ripe
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     added
                     another
                     very
                     favourable
                     reason
                     both
                     for
                     this
                     Pear
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     both
                     come
                     to
                     chear
                     us
                     ,
                     whilst
                     the
                     Peaches
                     are
                     a
                     coming
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     first
                     Pears
                     that
                     are
                     reasonably
                     large
                     and
                     good
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     in
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     July
                     .
                     Their
                     Plants
                     form
                     very
                     fine
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     only
                     fault
                     I
                     find
                     in
                     them
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     very
                     hard
                     to
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     bear
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     from
                     the
                     very
                     first
                     Moment
                     they
                     have
                     once
                     begun
                     ,
                     they
                     produce
                     to
                     a
                     wonder
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     ,
                     is
                     very
                     different
                     from
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     simply
                     called
                     the
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       little
                       Blanquet-pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     more
                     forward
                     in
                     ripening
                     by
                     Fifteen
                     Days
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     bigger
                     and
                     not
                     so
                     handsomly
                     shaped
                     for
                     a
                     Pear
                     as
                     the
                     lesser
                     one
                     ;
                     it
                     colours
                     a
                     little
                     upon
                     a
                     
                       Dwarf
                       tree
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     very
                     short
                     thick
                     stack
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     hollow
                     set
                     :
                     Its
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Leaf
                     ,
                     are
                     pretty
                     like
                     those
                     of
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     ,
                     whereas
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Little
                       Blanquet
                    
                     is
                     ordinarily
                     very
                     thick
                     and
                     pretty
                     short
                     ;
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     is
                     likewise
                     very
                     different
                     from
                     the
                     
                       Long-tail'd
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     handsom
                     Pear
                     ,
                     whose
                     Crown
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     and
                     standing
                     out
                     ;
                     its
                     belly
                     round
                     and
                     pretty
                     long
                     towards
                     the
                     stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     fleshy
                     and
                     pretty
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     bending
                     downwards
                     ;
                     its
                     Skin
                     very
                     smooth
                     ,
                     white
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     a
                     little
                     coloured
                     on
                     the
                     Sunny
                     side
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     between
                     short
                     and
                     tender
                     ,
                     very
                     fine
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     full
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     surged
                     and
                     very
                     pleasant
                     .
                     It
                     has
                     the
                     faults
                     of
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     to
                     have
                     something
                     of
                     stony
                     or
                     earthy
                     Relicks
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     become
                     doughy
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     let
                     to
                     grow
                     too
                     ripe
                     ;
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     no
                     more
                     than
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     are
                     not
                     yet
                     very
                     common
                     ,
                     though
                     they
                     well
                     deserve
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     :
                     They
                     succeed
                     well
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     on
                     Dwarf
                     or
                     
                       Standard
                       trees
                    
                     .
                     I
                     shall
                     not
                     be
                     long
                     before
                     I
                     place
                     this
                     
                       Long-tail'd
                       Blanquet
                    
                     .
                     The
                     white
                     Colour
                     which
                     appears
                     in
                     the
                     Skin
                     of
                     the
                     three
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     has
                     occasioned
                     their
                     being
                     called
                     Blanquets
                     or
                     
                       Blanched
                       pears
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Name
                     they
                     bear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Cassolet
                     having
                     just
                     now
                     seen
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     ,
                     pass
                     before
                     it
                     ,
                     murmurs
                     in
                     earnest
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     preferr'd
                     before
                     them
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     longish
                     and
                     greyish
                     Pear
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     hardly
                     inferior
                     to
                     any
                     thing
                     to
                     the
                     Robine-pear
                     ;
                     neither
                     in
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     nor
                     in
                     its
                     Juice
                     ,
                     nor
                     in
                     its
                     whole
                     Excellence
                     taken
                     altogether
                     ,
                     save
                     only
                     that
                     is
                     apt
                     to
                     grow
                     soft
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     not
                     to
                     the
                     Robine-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     it
                     might
                     well
                     dispute
                     these
                     two
                     last
                     places
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     as
                     happy
                     as
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thighs
                     ,
                     and
                     Blanquets
                     or
                     
                       White
                       Musked-pears
                    
                     ,
                     in
                     well
                     timing
                     its
                     Maturity
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     comes
                     not
                     in
                     till
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Robine
                     ,
                     and
                     near
                     about
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     the
                     principal
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     prime
                     of
                     the
                     Season
                     of
                     Figs
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     Plums
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     by
                     the
                     means
                     of
                     Walls
                     of
                     Inclosure
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     come
                     in
                     too
                     good
                     company
                     to
                     participate
                     so
                     soon
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     honours
                     of
                     small
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     I
                     defer
                     the
                     placing
                     of
                     it
                     yet
                     for
                     some
                     further
                     time
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     visible
                     enough
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     this
                     distribution
                     of
                     Places
                     ,
                     I
                     act
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     the
                     part
                     of
                     a
                     Master
                     of
                     Ceremonies
                     ,
                     who
                     for
                     the
                     common
                     good
                     ,
                     aims
                     particularly
                     to
                     order
                     things
                     so
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     in
                     every
                     season
                     of
                     the
                     year
                     we
                     cannot
                     have
                     an
                     abundance
                     of
                     good
                     fruits
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     have
                     at
                     least
                     a
                     competent
                     and
                     reasonable
                     quantity
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     extent
                     and
                     quantity
                     of
                     Ground
                     in
                     the
                     Garden
                     every
                     one
                     has
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     assistance
                     which
                     the
                     Wall-trees
                     should
                     contribute
                     for
                     their
                     part
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     I
                     count
                     ,
                     and
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     that
                     had
                     it
                     not
                     been
                     for
                     such
                     prospects
                     as
                     these
                     ,
                     I
                     had
                     already
                     placed
                     the
                     Cassolet
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     That
                     which
                     I
                     intend
                     then
                     at
                     present
                     ,
                     is
                     so
                     exactly
                     well
                     to
                     regulate
                     and
                     proportion
                     all
                     good
                     fruits
                     that
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     its
                     rank
                     ,
                     may
                     have
                     opportunity
                     to
                     satisfie
                     the
                     obligation
                     that
                     seems
                     to
                     have
                     been
                     imposed
                     upon
                     them
                     all
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     to
                     give
                     pleasure
                     to
                     man
                     ,
                     but
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     to
                     contribute
                     to
                     the
                     preservation
                     of
                     his
                     health
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     methinks
                     we
                     have
                     appearance
                     enough
                     to
                     perswade
                     us
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     such
                     an
                     obligation
                     laid
                     on
                     them
                     :
                     For
                     in
                     effect
                     ,
                     is
                     it
                     not
                     visible
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     Nature
                     furnishes
                     us
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     of
                     fruits
                     according
                     as
                     we
                     are
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     attacked
                     by
                     external
                     heat
                     ,
                     which
                     would
                     otherwise
                     be
                     powerful
                     enough
                     to
                     offend
                     us
                     ?
                     This
                     is
                     a
                     Sovereign
                     Remedy
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     Refreshment
                     ready
                     prepared
                     ,
                     which
                     she
                     presents
                     us
                     every
                     year
                     in
                     the
                     Critical
                     time
                     of
                     our
                     need
                     :
                     'T
                     is
                     for
                     that
                     reason
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     formidable
                     heats
                     of
                     the
                     Dog-days
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     such
                     store
                     of
                     
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       Figs
                       ,
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       Plums
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     even
                     of
                     Pears
                     too
                     :
                  
                   
                   
                     We
                     see
                     likewise
                     that
                     at
                     the
                     arrival
                     of
                     the
                     rigorous
                     cold
                     ,
                     which
                     ordinarily
                     domineers
                     from
                     Mid-November
                     ,
                     till
                     February
                     and
                     March
                     ,
                     we
                     all
                     finding
                     our selves
                     more
                     sensible
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     on-set
                     of
                     the
                     Frosts
                     ,
                     are
                     thereby
                     constrained
                     to
                     approach
                     so
                     much
                     the
                     nearer
                     the
                     Fire
                     ,
                     to
                     defend
                     our selves
                     from
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     That
                     external
                     foreign
                     heat
                     so
                     suddenly
                     taken
                     in
                     ,
                     might
                     without
                     doubt
                     so
                     immoderately
                     augment
                     that
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     from
                     Nature
                     ,
                     that
                     great
                     Infirmities
                     might
                     from
                     thence
                     happen
                     to
                     us
                     .
                     But
                     that
                     this
                     good
                     Mother
                     out
                     of
                     her
                     ordinary
                     Wisdom
                     seems
                     to
                     have
                     provided
                     against
                     them
                     ,
                     by
                     giving
                     us
                     precisely
                     for
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     an
                     admirable
                     Quantity
                     of
                     tender
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     of
                     
                       Bergamot-pears
                       ,
                       Petit-oins
                       ,
                       Crasannes
                       ,
                       Louise-bonnes
                    
                     or
                     
                       Good-Louises
                       ,
                       Leschasseries
                       ,
                       Ambrets
                       ,
                       Virgoulees
                       ,
                       Thorn-pears
                       ,
                       St.
                       Germains
                       ,
                       Colmars
                       ,
                       St.
                       Augustins
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     intermixing
                     with
                     them
                     even
                     some
                     of
                     those
                     short-eating
                     and
                     musked
                     Pears
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     no
                     bad
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     above
                     spoken
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Amadots
                       ,
                       Great
                       Musk-pears
                       ,
                       Dry
                       Martins
                    
                     and
                     Portals
                     ,
                     besides
                     all
                     the
                     Apples
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Calvilles
                       ,
                       Pepins
                       ,
                       Fenouillets
                    
                     or
                     
                       Fennel-apples
                       ,
                       Cour-pendu's
                    
                     or
                     
                       Short-stalk'd
                       Apples
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     And
                     we
                     see
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     these
                     divine
                     Antidotes
                     diminishes
                     gradually
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     cease
                     to
                     have
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     necessity
                     for
                     them
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     as
                     the
                     great
                     Cold
                     approaches
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     may
                     be
                     so
                     bold
                     to
                     say
                     it
                     ,
                     appears
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     common
                     Enemy
                     of
                     Mankind
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     particularly
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     that
                     I
                     am
                     labouring
                     most
                     for
                     the
                     Matter
                     I
                     treat
                     of
                     ,
                     most
                     Torments
                     and
                     Afflicts
                     me
                     .
                  
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     not
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     nor
                     yet
                     is
                     this
                     a
                     proper
                     place
                     to
                     declaim
                     here
                     against
                     this
                     Cold
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     any
                     advantage
                     might
                     redound
                     to
                     us
                     by
                     so
                     doing
                     ,
                     without
                     doubt
                     considering
                     that
                     it
                     equally
                     incommodes
                     me
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     where-ever
                     I
                     meet
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     whether
                     in
                     my
                     Body
                     or
                     my
                     slender
                     wit
                     ,
                     or
                     whether
                     more
                     particularly
                     in
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     in
                     regard
                     of
                     our
                     Novelties
                     .
                     There
                     should
                     be
                     nothing
                     that
                     I
                     would
                     not
                     say
                     or
                     do
                     ,
                     to
                     banish
                     a
                     good
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     out
                     of
                     our
                     Climates
                     :
                     For
                     ,
                     humanly
                     speaking
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     no
                     kindness
                     at
                     all
                     for
                     the
                     Cold
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     for
                     some
                     Icicles
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     Snow
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     Relicks
                     we
                     have
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     its
                     absence
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     we
                     take
                     great
                     care
                     to
                     shut
                     up
                     in
                     the
                     close
                     Prisons
                     of
                     our
                     Ice-houses
                     ;
                     they
                     being
                     as
                     it
                     seems
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     Criminals
                     which
                     have
                     need
                     of
                     the
                     Correction
                     of
                     a
                     long
                     Imprisonment
                     ,
                     before
                     they
                     can
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     a
                     temper
                     to
                     be
                     made
                     serviceable
                     for
                     any
                     good
                     ;
                     And
                     ,
                     in
                     effect
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     a
                     time
                     when
                     the
                     Remains
                     of
                     those
                     Persecutors
                     of
                     Men
                     and
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     approve
                     themselves
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     useful
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     troublesom
                     heats
                     of
                     Summer
                     ,
                     they
                     bear
                     the
                     most
                     delicious
                     part
                     in
                     the
                     Drink
                     of
                     Noble
                     Persons
                     .
                     However
                     ,
                     would
                     to
                     God
                     ,
                     that
                     without
                     experimenting
                     the
                     Rigor
                     of
                     the
                     Winters
                     our selves
                     ,
                     we
                     could
                     have
                     Ice
                     brought
                     to
                     us
                     from
                     the
                     North
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     
                       Olives
                       ,
                       Oranges
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     many
                     other
                     good
                     Things
                     from
                     hot
                     Countries
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     proceed
                     all
                     along
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Design
                     I
                     proposed
                     to
                     my self
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     contrive
                     ,
                     as
                     near
                     as
                     't
                     is
                     possible
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     may
                     have
                     in
                     every
                     Garden
                     at
                     least
                     some
                     one
                     kind
                     of
                     good
                     Fruit
                     of
                     every
                     Season
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     from
                     the
                     Moment
                     we
                     begin
                     to
                     have
                     any
                     ,
                     there
                     may
                     be
                     no
                     discontinuation
                     or
                     interval
                     till
                     the
                     return
                     of
                     Fruits
                     again
                     the
                     next
                     Year
                     .
                     We
                     have
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     join
                     to
                     it
                     for
                     the
                     One
                     and
                     Twentieth
                     place
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Bourdon
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     the
                     
                       Muscat
                       Robert
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     makes
                     the
                     more
                     agreeable
                     Dwarf-tree
                     of
                     the
                     two
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     One
                     and
                     Twentieth
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Muscat-Robert
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     Queen-pear
                     ,
                     
                     the
                     Amber-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Maiden
                       of
                       Xantoigne
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     For
                     in
                     other
                     Things
                     ,
                     their
                     Merit
                     is
                     in
                     a
                     manner
                     equal
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     their
                     tender
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     
                     Juice
                     indifferently
                     Musked
                     :
                     They
                     ripen
                     both
                     about
                     mid
                     -
                     July
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     Muscat-Robert
                     begins
                     first
                     .
                     We
                     shall
                     stay
                     a
                     little
                     longer
                     yet
                     before
                     we
                     place
                     the
                     Bourdin
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Little-Blanquet
                     or
                     White-pear
                     ,
                     which
                     follow
                     pretty
                     close
                     after
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     accompany
                     them
                     .
                     This
                     Muscat-Robert
                     furnishes
                     us
                     almost
                     till
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     coming
                     in
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Boncretien
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     about
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     the
                     Month
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     handsom
                     Pear
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     pretty
                     tender
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     much
                     sugred
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     
                     having
                     hardly
                     any
                     other
                     Faults
                     than
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     common
                     to
                     most
                     of
                     the
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     little
                     stony
                     or
                     earthy
                     Substance
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     last
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     while
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     recompence
                     ,
                     it
                     produces
                     a
                     great
                     increase
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Two
                     and
                     Twentieth
                     place
                     would
                     not
                     be
                     very
                     ill
                     filled
                     up
                     by
                     the
                     Vine-pear
                     ,
                     or
                     
                     Damsel
                     ,
                     or
                     Gentlewoman-pear
                     ,
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     improperly
                     called
                     the
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     grey
                     ,
                     reddish
                     ,
                     round
                     and
                     pretty
                     big
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     an
                     extream
                     long
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     ripens
                     towards
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     
                       Vacation
                       Season
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     the
                     Time
                     in
                     which
                     the
                     Country
                     is
                     most
                     frequented
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     we
                     have
                     most
                     need
                     of
                     Fruits
                     to
                     entertain
                     Company
                     withal
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     indeed
                     is
                     not
                     hard
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     speak
                     properly
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     neither
                     of
                     the
                     Class
                     of
                     the
                     Buttery-pears
                     ,
                     nor
                     of
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     tender
                     ones
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     less
                     of
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Short-eating
                       Pears
                    
                     ,
                     
                     but
                     rather
                     makes
                     a
                     particular
                     Class
                     by
                     it self
                     ,
                     which
                     consists
                     in
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     fattish
                     and
                     glewy
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     often
                     doughy
                     ;
                     over
                     and
                     above
                     which
                     ,
                     its
                     merit
                     is
                     infinitely
                     obscured
                     by
                     meeting
                     with
                     the
                     
                       Butter-pears
                       ,
                       Verte-longues
                    
                     or
                     
                       Long-green-pears
                       ,
                       Bergamots
                       ,
                       Sugar-greens
                       ,
                       Petit-oins
                       ,
                       Lansacs
                       ,
                       Marchionesses
                       ,
                       Crasannes
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     will
                     not
                     place
                     it
                     so
                     soon
                     ,
                     but
                     will
                     stay
                     to
                     place
                     it
                     among
                     the
                     Standard-trees
                     .
                     In
                     the
                     mean
                     while
                     ,
                     let
                     us
                     give
                     the
                     Twenty-second
                     Place
                     to
                     a
                     Second
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     ,
                     which
                     doubtless
                     is
                     much
                     more
                     to
                     be
                     valued
                     than
                     the
                     Vine-pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       The
                       Twenty-second
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     
                       A
                       Second
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long
                     green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Skinless
                       pear
                    
                     might
                     well
                     dispute
                     this
                     Twenty-second
                     Place
                     with
                     the
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green
                     ,
                     but
                     however
                     because
                     this
                     latter
                     is
                     so
                     good
                     a
                     Pear
                     in
                     the
                     Vacation
                     Season
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     leave
                     it
                     to
                     that
                     ,
                     and
                     let
                     its
                     Competitor
                     follow
                     it
                     in
                     the
                     next
                     place
                     after
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Twenty-third
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     First
                     Skinless-pears
                     .
                  
                   
                     Which
                     is
                     otherwise
                     named
                     the
                     
                       Guine
                       flower
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     also
                     the
                     
                       Hasty
                       Russelet
                    
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     some
                     
                     Resemblance
                     it
                     has
                     with
                     the
                     Russelet
                     in
                     its
                     longish
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     russet
                     Colour
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     
                     pretty
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     towards
                     the
                     Twentieth
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     to
                     keep
                     Company
                     with
                     the
                     
                       Longtail'd
                       Blanquet
                    
                     or
                     White-pear
                     :
                     It
                     has
                     a
                     sweet
                     Juice
                     without
                     any
                     mixture
                     of
                     any
                     rosie
                     or
                     four
                     Taste
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     tender
                     Pulp
                     without
                     any
                     stony
                     or
                     gritty
                     Relicks
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     enough
                     to
                     procure
                     your
                     approbation
                     of
                     the
                     Rank
                     I
                     give
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     I
                     should
                     have
                     given
                     to
                     a
                     
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                    
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     came
                     in
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Season
                     as
                     this
                     does
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     before
                     Peaches
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     finish
                     the
                     two
                     dozen
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     give
                     the
                     Twenty-fourth
                     Place
                     to
                     a
                     Second
                     Winter-Boncretien
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Twenty
                     fourth
                     Dwarf-tree
                     .
                     A
                     Second
                     
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     should
                     never
                     have
                     done
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     contrary
                     to
                     my
                     Intention
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     tire
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     if
                     I
                     should
                     stand
                     so
                     long
                     a
                     deciding
                     the
                     Contestations
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     Pears
                     that
                     are
                     in
                     use
                     in
                     Fruit-Gardens
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     done
                     upon
                     the
                     occasion
                     of
                     the
                     Four
                     and
                     twenty
                     preceding
                     ones
                     :
                     They
                     which
                     still
                     remain
                     behind
                     are
                     of
                     no
                     such
                     great
                     Merit
                     ,
                     to
                     induce
                     me
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     formal
                     Panegyrick
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     nor
                     particularly
                     to
                     express
                     the
                     Reasons
                     they
                     may
                     have
                     to
                     dispute
                     with
                     their
                     Companions
                     .
                     And
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     think
                     it
                     necessary
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     think
                     I
                     have
                     told
                     you
                     elsewhere
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     well-contrived
                     Garden
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     at
                     least
                     one
                     Tree
                     of
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     those
                     sorts
                     that
                     are
                     but
                     reasonably
                     good
                     ;
                     but
                     my
                     Judgment
                     is
                     ,
                     there
                     should
                     be
                     rather
                     so
                     many
                     the
                     more
                     Trees
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     assuredly
                     Excellent
                     .
                     I
                     know
                     well
                     enough
                     ,
                     That
                     we
                     have
                     more
                     sorts
                     of
                     pretty
                     good
                     Pears
                     ,
                     than
                     I
                     have
                     here
                     placed
                     ;
                     and
                     accordingly
                     as
                     the
                     Gardens
                     I
                     treat
                     of
                     ,
                     shall
                     grow
                     more
                     spacious
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     not
                     fail
                     to
                     place
                     them
                     some
                     in
                     other
                     kinds
                     .
                  
                   
                     However
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     thus
                     far
                     I
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     without
                     having
                     in
                     our
                     little
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     one
                     only
                     bad
                     sort
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     we
                     can
                     boast
                     that
                     there
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     found
                     One
                     and
                     twenty
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     sorts
                     that
                     are
                     known
                     ,
                     though
                     there
                     be
                     in
                     all
                     but
                     Four
                     and
                     Twenty
                     
                       Dwarf
                       pear-trees
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     speak
                     not
                     yet
                     of
                     those
                     which
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     planted
                     against
                     Walls
                     .
                     And
                     I
                     have
                     set
                     down
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     the
                     Ripening
                     and
                     Mellowing
                     of
                     these
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     by
                     specifying
                     the
                     Seasons
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     by
                     particularising
                     every
                     Month
                     of
                     those
                     Seasons
                     .
                     There
                     are
                     Six
                     Trees
                     for
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     ,
                     one
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     or
                     Lady-Thigh
                     ,
                     one
                     Great
                     
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                    
                     or
                     White-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     
                       Muscat
                       Robert
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Skinless-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     Robine
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     Russelet
                     or
                     Russetin
                     ;
                     Nine
                     for
                     the
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     in
                     seven
                     kinds
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     ,
                     two
                     Verte-longues
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     ,
                     two
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     one
                     Crasanne
                     ,
                     one
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                     one
                     Marchioness
                     ,
                     one
                     Louise-bonne
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Louise
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     Petit-oin
                     :
                     And
                     Nine
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                     in
                     Eight
                     Kinds
                     .
                     This
                     
                       Winter
                       Season
                    
                     ,
                     besides
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Autumnal-pears
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     it
                     has
                     often
                     the
                     Advantage
                     to
                     make
                     its
                     Profit
                     ,
                     glories
                     very
                     much
                     in
                     having
                     one
                     
                       Winter
                       Thorn-pear
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     St.
                     Germain
                     ,
                     one
                     Virgoulee
                     ,
                     one
                     Leschasserie
                     ,
                     one
                     Ambret
                     ,
                     one
                     Colmar
                     ,
                     one
                     St.
                     Augustin
                     and
                     two
                     Boncretien-trees
                     ,
                     being
                     all
                     Pears
                     of
                     a
                     Maturity
                     much
                     further
                     extended
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     Seasons
                     ;
                     which
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     not
                     Super
                     excellent
                     ,
                     yet
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     comfort
                     our selves
                     and
                     be
                     content
                     ,
                     since
                     ,
                     among
                     all
                     the
                     great
                     number
                     the
                     Earth
                     brings
                     forth
                     to
                     us
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     are
                     come
                     to
                     our
                     Knowledge
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     no
                     better
                     than
                     those
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     chosen
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     pretend
                     to
                     redouble
                     the
                     Dwarf-trees
                     of
                     our
                     principal
                     Pears
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     Four
                     or
                     Five
                     times
                     over
                     ,
                     before
                     I
                     multiply
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     before
                     I
                     proceed
                     to
                     place
                     a
                     score
                     of
                     those
                     which
                     we
                     have
                     mentioned
                     in
                     passing
                     .
                     I
                     see
                     well
                     enough
                     they
                     are
                     extreamly
                     eager
                     to
                     produce
                     themselves
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     ,
                     methinke
                     ,
                     whatever
                     Merit
                     they
                     may
                     have
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     I
                     dispute
                     
                     them
                     not
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     upon
                     the
                     Foot
                     it
                     is
                     on
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     I
                     may
                     affirm
                     in
                     regard
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     of
                     them
                     together
                     durst
                     not
                     presume
                     to
                     enter
                     into
                     Contestation
                     against
                     any
                     of
                     those
                     principal
                     sorts
                     ,
                     though
                     they
                     should
                     take
                     them
                     one
                     by
                     one
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     must
                     counsel
                     them
                     ,
                     to
                     have
                     patience
                     yet
                     for
                     some
                     time
                     ,
                     since
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     their
                     Condition
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     over-unhappy
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     admitted
                     to
                     appear
                     each
                     of
                     them
                     once
                     in
                     great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     after
                     they
                     have
                     first
                     seen
                     Four
                     or
                     Five
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     Honourable
                     Places
                     given
                     to
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     which
                     are
                     already
                     actually
                     establish'd
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     I
                     may
                     be
                     permitted
                     so
                     to
                     speak
                     ,
                     are
                     among
                     our
                     Fruits
                     that
                     which
                     those
                     called
                     the
                     Keys
                     in
                     a
                     Pack
                     of
                     Hounds
                     are
                     in
                     Hunting
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     being
                     setled
                     ,
                     and
                     we
                     now
                     beginning
                     to
                     enter
                     into
                     Gardens
                     that
                     are
                     indifferent
                     large
                     ,
                     my
                     Judgment
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     ,
                     to
                     plant
                     them
                     Skilfully
                     ,
                     we
                     ought
                     ,
                     first
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     Designment
                     of
                     a
                     particular
                     Canton
                     or
                     Plat
                     of
                     Ground
                     for
                     the
                     Fruits
                     of
                     each
                     Season
                     ,
                     that
                     so
                     they
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     confusedly
                     mix'd
                     poll-moll
                     one
                     among
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     the
                     
                     Summer-Fruits
                     may
                     be
                     in
                     a
                     place
                     apart
                     by
                     themselves
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     of
                     Autumn
                     and
                     Winter
                     in
                     like
                     manner
                     by
                     themselves
                     ;
                     for
                     want
                     of
                     which
                     Regulation
                     ,
                     there
                     happens
                     several
                     Inconveniences
                     which
                     I
                     elsewhere
                     shall
                     lay
                     open
                     ;
                     and
                     secondly
                     ,
                     to
                     assign
                     every
                     Tree
                     its
                     Place
                     in
                     the
                     following
                     Order
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     to
                     give
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       place
                       to
                       a
                       third
                       Grey
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirtieth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       first
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     or
                     Russetin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       second
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thighs
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fourteenth
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       first
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       second
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       third
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       fourth
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Flower'd
                     Muscat
                     ,
                     
                       or
                       otherwise
                       call'd
                       a
                    
                     Long-tail'd
                     Muscat
                     of
                     Autumn
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       fifth
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       sixth
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       seventh
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty
                       eighth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                       St.
                    
                     Augustin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       forty-ninth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fiftieth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     so
                     in
                     Fifty
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     there
                     will
                     be
                     Nine
                     Summer
                     ones
                     ,
                     in
                     Six
                     Kinds
                     ;
                     Seventeen
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     in
                     Eight
                     Kinds
                     ;
                     and
                     Four
                     and
                     twenty
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                     in
                     Eight
                     other
                     Sorts
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       first
                       place
                       shall
                       be
                       given
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       second
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Musked
                     Summer
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Petit-oin●
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       fourth
                       to
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       fifth
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       sixth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       seventh
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       eighth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       fifty
                       ninth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixtieth
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Long-tail'd
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       first
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       second
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Orange-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       fourth
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       fifth
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       sixth
                       to
                    
                     a
                     third
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixth
                       seventh
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       eighth
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       sixty
                       ninth
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventieth
                       to
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       first
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       second
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       first
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       fourth
                       to
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       fifth
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     By
                     this
                     means
                     ,
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     Threescore
                     and
                     fifteen
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     will
                     have
                     Twelve
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     in
                     Nine
                     Kinds
                     ,
                     Twenty
                     six
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     in
                     other
                     Nine
                     Kinds
                     ;
                     and
                     Thirty
                     six
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                     in
                     Eight
                     Sorts
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     the
                     Pears
                     contained
                     in
                     this
                     Number
                     of
                     Seventy
                     five
                     ,
                     have
                     been
                     already
                     Described
                     ,
                     excepting
                     Four
                     ,
                     namely
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Flowery
                       Muscas
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Orange-green-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Doyenne
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Flowery
                       Muscat
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     the
                     
                       Long-tail'd
                       Muscat
                    
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     is
                     an
                     excellent
                     round
                     
                     reddish
                     Pear
                     ,
                     of
                     an
                     indifferent
                     bigness
                     ,
                     a
                     tender
                     and
                     fine
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     rich
                     Taste
                     very
                     proper
                     to
                     be
                     eaten
                     ,
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     greedily
                     at
                     one
                     chop
                     ,
                     just
                     as
                     a
                     good
                     Plum
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     fair
                     Agriot
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                    
                     comes
                     seldom
                     to
                     good
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     upon
                     a
                     Free-stock
                     :
                     This
                     
                     Pear
                     is
                     Excellent
                     ,
                     and
                     makes
                     a
                     very
                     fine
                     Tree
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     agreeable
                     Shape
                     to
                     look
                     upon
                     ,
                     being
                     well
                     made
                     in
                     its
                     Pear
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     reasonable
                     bigness
                     ,
                     near
                     about
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     fair
                     Bergamots
                     :
                     Its
                     Colour
                     is
                     white
                     on
                     the
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     red
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     between
                     short
                     and
                     tender
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Juice
                     accompanied
                     with
                     an
                     agreeable
                     Perfume
                     ;
                     its
                     unhappiness
                     is
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     comes
                     in
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     with
                     the
                     Robins-pear
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     always
                     eclipsed
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     the
                     good
                     Peaches
                     of
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     which
                     hardly
                     suffer
                     any
                     Pears
                     in
                     their
                     Company
                     ;
                     but
                     however
                     ,
                     I
                     thing
                     it
                     worthy
                     to
                     enter
                     at
                     least
                     once
                     into
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     Threescore
                     and
                     fifteen
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Orange-green-pear
                     ,
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     considerable
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     small
                     Friends
                     :
                     All
                     the
                     World
                     knows
                     it
                     by
                     its
                     Name
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     in
                     effect
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     common
                     and
                     popular
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     our
                     Fathers
                     ,
                     made
                     a
                     pretty
                     great
                     Figure
                     in
                     Gardens
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     among
                     all
                     old
                     Trees
                     ,
                     we
                     fail
                     not
                     to
                     find
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     .
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     believe
                     any
                     Body
                     will
                     go
                     about
                     to
                     chase
                     it
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Place
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     it
                     .
                     The
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     ripening
                     ,
                     which
                     
                     is
                     at
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     
                       Aug
                       〈…〉
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     before
                     the
                     Robins
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Boncretien
                    
                     and
                     the
                     Peaches
                     :
                     It
                     s
                     short
                     eating
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     its
                     sugred
                     Juice
                     ,
                     with
                     its
                     Perfume
                     altogether
                     peculiar
                     for
                     its
                     kind
                     ,
                     its
                     Shape
                     and
                     Make
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     flat
                     and
                     round
                     ;
                     its
                     hollow
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     ,
                     its
                     green
                     Colour
                     tinged
                     with
                     Carnatian
                     ;
                     but
                     particularly
                     the
                     Abundant
                     Crop
                     that
                     accompanies
                     it
                     almost
                     always
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-tree
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     favourable
                     for
                     Menial
                     Servants
                     and
                     for
                     Communiities
                     ;
                     all
                     these
                     Circumstances
                     make
                     a
                     great
                     Solicitation
                     for
                     it
                     .
                     And
                     its
                     Vanity
                     is
                     not
                     great
                     ,
                     it
                     aspires
                     not
                     at
                     all
                     to
                     the
                     Honour
                     of
                     a
                     Wall-tree
                     ,
                     but
                     is
                     content
                     with
                     its
                     Sixty
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     which
                     with
                     a
                     good
                     Luck
                     let
                     us
                     leave
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     fine
                     ,
                     the
                     Doyennes
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     enters
                     last
                     into
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     Threescore
                     and
                     fifteen
                     Dwarfarees
                     ,
                     and
                     performs
                     its
                     Duty
                     not
                     amiss
                     there
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     otherwise
                     called
                     the
                     
                       St.
                       Michael
                    
                     ,
                     
                     the
                     
                       White
                       Butter-pear
                    
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     the
                     Snow-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     〈◊〉
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Graff
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     It
                     is
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     
                       Grey
                       Butter-pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     unhappily
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     comes
                     in
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     
                     time
                     with
                     that
                     Butter-pear
                     ;
                     before
                     which
                     ,
                     in
                     truth
                     ,
                     for
                     its
                     Honour's
                     sake
                     ,
                     it
                     ought
                     almost
                     never
                     to
                     appear
                     :
                     Its
                     Picture
                     tells
                     us
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     thick
                     short
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     a
                     very
                     smooth
                     Skin
                     ,
                     a
                     greenish
                     Colour
                     which
                     grows
                     very
                     yellow
                     when
                     't
                     is
                     ripe
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     right
                     melting
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     is
                     sweet
                     ,
                     but
                     commonly
                     't
                     is
                     such
                     a
                     sweetness
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     very
                     noble
                     ,
                     nor
                     of
                     no
                     high
                     relish
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     what
                     little
                     Perfume
                     of
                     which
                     sometimes
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     smack
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     seems
                     to
                     me
                     not
                     worthy
                     of
                     any
                     great
                     Esteem
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     easily
                     grows
                     soft
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     doughy
                     and
                     sandy
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     't
                     is
                     somewhat
                     difficult
                     to
                     nick
                     the
                     just
                     time
                     of
                     gather
                     gathering
                     this
                     Pear
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     care
                     be
                     taken
                     togather
                     it
                     pretty
                     green
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     serve
                     it
                     up
                     before
                     it
                     has
                     attained
                     a
                     clear
                     yellow
                     Colour
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     mark
                     of
                     its
                     over-Maturity
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     venture
                     to
                     let
                     it
                     shew
                     it self
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     fear
                     of
                     receiving
                     any
                     disgrace
                     thereby
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     had
                     one
                     Year
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     proved
                     so
                     good
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     was
                     almost
                     ready
                     to
                     believe
                     them
                     of
                     a
                     particular
                     Kind
                     ,
                     but
                     I
                     never
                     could
                     see
                     the
                     like
                     since
                     :
                     It
                     has
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Soils
                     the
                     advantage
                     of
                     being
                     very
                     Fruitful
                     ,
                     which
                     procures
                     it
                     among
                     many
                     of
                     the
                     midling
                     
                     sort
                     of
                     Gardeners
                     ,
                     a
                     very
                     particular
                     Esteem
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     has
                     besides
                     another
                     advantage
                     of
                     being
                     Beautiful
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     gives
                     it
                     a
                     place
                     in
                     all
                     the
                     Pyramids
                     served
                     up
                     at
                     great
                     Tables
                     .
                     It
                     meets
                     with
                     a
                     good
                     many
                     curious
                     Persons
                     that
                     much
                     more
                     value
                     it
                     than
                     I
                     do
                     ;
                     but
                     I
                     cannot
                     tell
                     how
                     to
                     help
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     must
                     pardon
                     me
                     if
                     I
                     tell
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     am
                     almost
                     ashamed
                     I
                     have
                     so
                     well
                     placed
                     it
                     .
                     We
                     have
                     since
                     this
                     little
                     while
                     a
                     new
                     Pear
                     under
                     the
                     name
                     of
                     
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Motte
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     pretty
                     near
                     resembles
                     
                     a
                     large
                     Ambret
                     ,
                     save
                     only
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     spotted
                     with
                     Red
                     ;
                     if
                     this
                     Pear
                     should
                     prove
                     another
                     Year
                     to
                     be
                     of
                     as
                     melting
                     a
                     Substance
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     have
                     so
                     pleasing
                     a
                     Juice
                     as
                     it
                     had
                     about
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     October
                     in
                     1685
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     the
                     Doyennee
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     will
                     be
                     in
                     great
                     danger
                     of
                     being
                     obliged
                     to
                     yield
                     to
                     this
                     latter
                     the
                     place
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     it
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     it
                     shall
                     see
                     it
                     received
                     immediately
                     next
                     after
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     Though
                     thus
                     far
                     ,
                     in
                     some
                     of
                     these
                     first
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     ,
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     of
                     Threescore
                     and
                     fifteen
                     Pear-trees
                     .
                     The
                     number
                     of
                     some
                     Kinds
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     be
                     very
                     great
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     those
                     for
                     Winter
                     ;
                     for
                     there
                     are
                     Twenty
                     seven
                     Trees
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Sorts
                     ,
                     and
                     but
                     Thirty
                     seven
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     against
                     any
                     ones
                     changing
                     a
                     little
                     that
                     Regulation
                     ,
                     by
                     retrenching
                     a
                     part
                     even
                     of
                     the
                     Summer-pears
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     to
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Twelve
                     ,
                     to
                     multiply
                     in
                     their
                     place
                     ,
                     such
                     kinds
                     of
                     other
                     Seasons
                     as
                     should
                     most
                     please
                     him
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     reason
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     think
                     my self
                     much
                     to
                     blame
                     ,
                     if
                     when
                     we
                     shall
                     all
                     be
                     Planting
                     of
                     great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     counsel
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     to
                     place
                     there
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     almost
                     as
                     many
                     Verte-longues
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     ,
                     or
                     even
                     of
                     Butter-pears
                     too
                     ,
                     &c.
                     as
                     of
                     
                       Boncretiens
                       ,
                       Ambrets
                       ,
                       Virgoulees
                       ,
                       Leschasseries
                       ,
                       Thorn-pears
                       ,
                       De
                       la
                       Fares
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     Nay
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     am
                     assured
                     ,
                     the
                     great
                     Lovers
                     of
                     those
                     good
                     Pears
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     would
                     not
                     disapprove
                     this
                     Conduct
                     ;
                     I
                     will
                     sometimes
                     multiply
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     also
                     those
                     of
                     the
                     Second
                     and
                     Third
                     Class
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     shall
                     be
                     always
                     with
                     this
                     Consideration
                     ,
                     which
                     ought
                     to
                     serve
                     for
                     a
                     Rule
                     to
                     every
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     I
                     propose
                     to
                     my self
                     as
                     a
                     Direction
                     for
                     every
                     other
                     Person
                     in
                     particular
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     regularly
                     we
                     should
                     not
                     strive
                     to
                     have
                     more
                     of
                     each
                     sort
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     than
                     just
                     about
                     what
                     we
                     may
                     probably
                     spend
                     either
                     our selves
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     our
                     own
                     Families
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     Entertainment
                     of
                     Freinds
                     ,
                     without
                     giving
                     those
                     Fruits
                     the
                     time
                     miserably
                     to
                     rot
                     and
                     spoil
                     :
                     Nay
                     ,
                     I
                     believe
                     that
                     those
                     Pears
                     which
                     have
                     not
                     the
                     good
                     Fortune
                     to
                     last
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     we
                     ,
                     have
                     reason
                     to
                     envy
                     that
                     advantage
                     to
                     so
                     many
                     bad
                     sorts
                     ,
                     which
                     without
                     any
                     care
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     us
                     ,
                     keep
                     easily
                     till
                     the
                     coming
                     in
                     of
                     the
                     next
                     Summer-fruits
                     ;
                     I
                     believe
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     good
                     Pears
                     would
                     think
                     themselves
                     offended
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     should
                     multiply
                     them
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     manner
                     ,
                     that
                     instead
                     of
                     being
                     all
                     of
                     them
                     employed
                     whilst
                     in
                     their
                     perfect
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     in
                     performing
                     their
                     Duty
                     to
                     Mankind
                     ,
                     a
                     great
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     should
                     see
                     themselves
                     insensibly
                     become
                     unserviceable
                     ,
                     by
                     being
                     over-run
                     with
                     Rottenness
                     .
                  
                   
                     For
                     when
                     we
                     have
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     quantity
                     of
                     each
                     sort
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     it
                     seldom
                     happens
                     we
                     let
                     them
                     be
                     spoiled
                     ;
                     no
                     ,
                     we
                     visit
                     them
                     too
                     often
                     to
                     give
                     them
                     time
                     for
                     that
                     :
                     Whereas
                     ,
                     when
                     we
                     have
                     a
                     great
                     abundance
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     nothing
                     is
                     so
                     ordinary
                     as
                     to
                     see
                     a
                     good
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     spoiled
                     .
                     And
                     therefore
                     in
                     this
                     point
                     we
                     ought
                     judiciously
                     to
                     determine
                     what
                     quantity
                     we
                     shall
                     ,
                     as
                     near
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     computed
                     ,
                     need
                     to
                     have
                     of
                     them
                     according
                     to
                     our
                     Designs
                     ;
                     and
                     according
                     to
                     that
                     Foot
                     ,
                     to
                     proportion
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     said
                     before
                     ,
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Trees
                     of
                     each
                     kind
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     are
                     to
                     Plant
                     in
                     our
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     are
                     some
                     of
                     these
                     Trees
                     that
                     are
                     long
                     before
                     they
                     come
                     to
                     bear
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Ambret
                     ,
                     the
                     Robine
                     ,
                     the
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     the
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     the
                     Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     above
                     all
                     the
                     rest
                     ,
                     the
                     Virgoulee
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Colmar
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     And
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     quick
                     enough
                     in
                     producing
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     graffed
                     on
                     Quince-stocks
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Verte-longues
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     ,
                     the
                     Butter-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     Doyennee
                     or
                     
                       Dean-pear
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     But
                     these
                     last
                     bear
                     such
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     convenient
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     pretty
                     good
                     number
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     because
                     we
                     eat
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     their
                     Season
                     ,
                     they
                     coming
                     in
                     while
                     the
                     Weather
                     is
                     yet
                     hot
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     a
                     time
                     in
                     which
                     we
                     are
                     not
                     used
                     to
                     be
                     contented
                     with
                     half
                     a
                     Pear
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     in
                     earnest
                     ,
                     a
                     Man
                     must
                     eat
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     
                       Russelets
                       ,
                       Verte-longues
                    
                     or
                     
                       Long-green-pears
                       ,
                       Butter-pears
                       ,
                       Doyennee
                    
                     or
                     
                       Dean-pears
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     before
                     he
                     can
                     satisfie
                     his
                     Appetite
                     ;
                     and
                     Nature
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     as
                     well
                     acquainted
                     with
                     our
                     Passions
                     as
                     our
                     Necessities
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     intended
                     equally
                     to
                     accommodate
                     the
                     one
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     has
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     given
                     to
                     these
                     latter
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     the
                     Gift
                     of
                     Fruitfulness
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     Quickness
                     in
                     Bearing
                     ,
                     with
                     design
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     their
                     Season
                     we
                     might
                     have
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Plenty
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     since
                     we
                     are
                     in
                     a
                     Condition
                     to
                     spend
                     them
                     both
                     with
                     Profit
                     and
                     Pleasure
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     ought
                     not
                     then
                     to
                     be
                     wondred
                     at
                     ,
                     if
                     so
                     far
                     as
                     in
                     those
                     Sizes
                     of
                     Gardens
                     that
                     can
                     hold
                     but
                     about
                     Seventy
                     five
                     Trees
                     ,
                     I
                     desire
                     there
                     should
                     be
                     almost
                     as
                     many
                     Trees
                     of
                     those
                     Fruits
                     that
                     ripen
                     ,
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     ,
                     altogether
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     ripen
                     successively
                     one
                     after
                     
                     another
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     by
                     consequence
                     ,
                     give
                     us
                     the
                     time
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     commodious
                     and
                     regular
                     Consumption
                     of
                     them
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     said
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     come
                     to
                     treat
                     of
                     larger
                     Plantations
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     doubtless
                     use
                     much
                     more
                     moderation
                     in
                     regard
                     to
                     those
                     Fruits
                     which
                     keep
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     while
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     those
                     others
                     that
                     having
                     the
                     advantage
                     of
                     being
                     good
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     lasting
                     ,
                     will
                     keep
                     for
                     several
                     Months
                     together
                     .
                  
                   
                     However
                     I
                     leave
                     it
                     to
                     every
                     curious
                     Person
                     ,
                     to
                     multiply
                     the
                     Fruits
                     of
                     one
                     Season
                     more
                     than
                     those
                     of
                     another
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     his
                     own
                     Inclination
                     or
                     Occasions
                     .
                     For
                     such
                     a
                     Gentleman
                     ,
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     consideration
                     that
                     he
                     is
                     to
                     pass
                     such
                     and
                     such
                     certain
                     times
                     in
                     the
                     Country
                     ,
                     where
                     he
                     is
                     frequently
                     to
                     entertain
                     Company
                     ,
                     must
                     necessarily
                     have
                     more
                     Fruits
                     of
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     
                       September
                       ,
                       October
                    
                     and
                     November
                     ,
                     than
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     Seasons
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Russelets
                       ,
                       Verte-longues
                    
                     or
                     
                       Long-green-pears
                       ,
                       Butter-pears
                       ,
                       Doyennces
                    
                     or
                     
                       Dean-pears
                       ,
                       Bergamots
                       ,
                       Marchionesses
                       ,
                       Lansacs
                       ,
                       Crasannes
                       ,
                       Vine-pears
                       ,
                       Petit-oins
                       ,
                       Louise-bonnes
                    
                     or
                     
                       Good-Louises
                       ,
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Mottes
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     even
                     of
                     
                       Messire-Johns
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     must
                     be
                     augmented
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     kinds
                     proportionably
                     diminished
                     .
                     And
                     for
                     another
                     Gentleman
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     for
                     other
                     good
                     Reasons
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     because
                     he
                     cannot
                     go
                     into
                     the
                     Country
                     to
                     spend
                     the
                     
                     Summer-Fruits
                     ,
                     nor
                     can
                     have
                     them
                     brought
                     him
                     from
                     thence
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     absolutely
                     expedient
                     to
                     have
                     only
                     good
                     store
                     of
                     
                     Winter-Fruits
                     :
                     It
                     will
                     be
                     most
                     convement
                     largely
                     to
                     multiply
                     the
                     
                       Virgoulees
                       ,
                       Winter-Boncretiens
                       ,
                       Thorn-pears
                       ,
                       Ambrets
                       ,
                       Leschasseries
                       ,
                       Colmars
                       ,
                       La
                       Fares
                       ,
                       St.
                       Augustins
                       ,
                       Dry
                       Martins
                       ,
                       Pastourelles
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     and
                     to
                     reduce
                     the
                     Fruits
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     Seasons
                     to
                     a
                     smaller
                     Number
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     very
                     certain
                     ,
                     that
                     my
                     true
                     Design
                     in
                     this
                     Treatise
                     of
                     the
                     Choice
                     and
                     Proportion
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     was
                     without
                     any
                     regard
                     to
                     such
                     particular
                     Circumstances
                     as
                     these
                     ,
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     infinite
                     ,
                     whether
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     every
                     Head
                     of
                     a
                     particular
                     Family
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     regard
                     of
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     Heads
                     of
                     Communities
                     ,
                     and
                     indeed
                     it
                     was
                     impossible
                     it
                     should
                     provide
                     for
                     them
                     :
                     No
                     ,
                     it
                     was
                     chiefly
                     intended
                     only
                     for
                     the
                     Curious
                     in
                     general
                     ,
                     who
                     desire
                     to
                     have
                     regularly
                     and
                     equally
                     all
                     the
                     year
                     long
                     ,
                     as
                     great
                     store
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     of
                     the
                     choicest
                     Fruits
                     out
                     of
                     their
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     of
                     what
                     bigness
                     soever
                     they
                     be
                     :
                     And
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     Curious
                     ,
                     they
                     may
                     from
                     the
                     Knowledge
                     I
                     here
                     have
                     communicated
                     of
                     the
                     good
                     Fruits
                     of
                     every
                     Season
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     lasting
                     of
                     each
                     kind
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     gather
                     sufficient
                     Directions
                     to
                     assist
                     them
                     in
                     making
                     such
                     determinations
                     thereupon
                     ,
                     which
                     shall
                     be
                     most
                     conformable
                     to
                     their
                     Intentions
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     continue
                     then
                     at
                     present
                     ,
                     what
                     I
                     have
                     begun
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     sort
                     of
                     curious
                     Persons
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     ,
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     give
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       sixth
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Besi
                     de
                     la
                     Motte
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       seventh
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       eighth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       seventy
                       ninth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eightitth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Long-tail'd
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       first
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       second
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       third
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       to
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       eighty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninetieth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninty
                       first
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       sixth
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     ,
                     otherwise
                  
                   
                     The
                     Unknown
                     La
                     Fare
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       second
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       third
                       to
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       fourth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Flowery-Muscat
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       fifth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       sixth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       seventh
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       to
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       ninety
                       ninth
                       ,
                       to
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundredth
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     then
                     you
                     have
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     a
                     Hundred
                     
                       Dwarf-pear
                       trees
                    
                     ,
                     regulated
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     Choice
                     and
                     Proportion
                     I
                     am
                     able
                     to
                     prescribe
                     ,
                     having
                     introduced
                     into
                     it
                     ,
                     Eight
                     and
                     twenty
                     
                     Kinds
                     of
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                     namely
                     ,
                     nine
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     ten
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     nine
                     for
                     Winter
                     :
                     The
                     nine
                     for
                     Summer
                     consist
                     of
                     fourteen
                     Trees
                     ,
                     the
                     ten
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     of
                     thirty
                     three
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     nine
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                     of
                     fifty
                     three
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fourteen
                     
                       Summer
                       fruit-trees
                    
                     are
                     two
                     Cuisse-Madams
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-Thighs
                     ,
                     two
                     Robines
                     ,
                     
                     two
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     two
                     Great-Blanquets
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pears
                     ,
                     two
                     Longtaild-Blanquets
                     ,
                     one
                     
                       Muscat
                       Robert
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Skin-less-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     Musked-Summer-Boncretien
                     ,
                     one
                     Orange-green-pear
                     :
                     and
                     I
                     think
                     there
                     are
                     Summer-pears
                     enough
                     ,
                     with
                     some
                     little
                     Muscat-pears
                     against
                     a
                     Wall.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Thirty
                     Six
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     are
                     six
                     Butter-pear-trees
                     ,
                     six
                     Verte-Longues
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     ,
                     
                     four
                     Crasanes
                     ,
                     four
                     Marchionesses
                     ,
                     four
                     Louise-bonnes
                     ,
                     or
                     Good-Louises
                     ,
                     four
                     Petit-oins
                     ,
                     one
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                     two
                     Flowery-Muscats
                     ,
                     one
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Dean
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Motte
                    
                     ,
                     all
                     these
                     being
                     helped
                     out
                     with
                     some
                     
                       Bergamot
                       Wall-trees
                    
                     ,
                     make
                     a
                     pretty
                     well
                     furnished
                     Autumn
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Fifty
                     Three
                     for
                     Winter-fruit
                     ,
                     are
                     seven
                     Winter-Boncretiens
                     ,
                     ten
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     eight
                     
                     Thorn-pears
                     ,
                     eight
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     seven
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     six
                     St.
                     Germains
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     
                       Unknown
                       de
                       la
                       Fares
                    
                     ,
                     four
                     Colmars
                     ,
                     two
                     St.
                     Augustins
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     begin
                     the
                     Second
                     Hundred
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       first
                    
                     Pear-tree
                     
                       should
                       be
                       an
                       Eleventh
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Second
                       ,
                       an
                       Eighth
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Third
                       ,
                       a
                       Ninth
                    
                     Winter-Thorn-Pear
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Bourdon
                     or
                     Humble-Bee-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       First
                       ,
                       a
                       Seventh
                    
                     Lazrus
                     ,
                     
                       otherwise
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       Seventh
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       Seventh
                    
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       Tenth
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Tenth
                       ,
                       a
                       Fifth
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Eleventh
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Sugar-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twelfth
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Thirteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       Third
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Fourteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       Third
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Fifteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Maudling-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Sixteenth
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Seventeenth
                       ,
                       two
                    
                     Espargnes
                     or
                     Reserve-pears
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Eighteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       Twelfth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Nineteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       Sixth
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twentieth
                       ,
                       an
                       Eighth
                    
                     Winter-Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twenty
                       First
                       ,
                       a
                       Second
                    
                     Dry-Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twenty
                       Second
                       ,
                       a
                       Seventh
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twenty
                       Third
                       ,
                       an
                       Eighth
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twenty
                       Fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       First
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Hundred
                       and
                       Twenty
                       Fifth
                       a
                       Second
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     so
                     in
                     the
                     Number
                     of
                     a
                     Hundred
                     Twenty
                     Five
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     Twenty
                     of
                     Summer-Fruits
                     ,
                     in
                     Twelve
                     kinds
                     ,
                     Thirty
                     nine
                     of
                     those
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     in
                     Twelve
                     kinds
                     ,
                     and
                     Sixty
                     Six
                     of
                     Winter-Fruits
                     ,
                     in
                     Ten
                     kinds
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Twenty
                     Summer-Fruit-trees
                     ,
                     are
                     three
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     three
                     Robines
                     ,
                     two
                     Cuisse-Madams
                     ,
                     
                     or
                     Lady-Thighs
                     ,
                     two
                     Great-Blanquets
                     ,
                     or
                     White-Pears
                     ,
                     two
                     Longtaild-Blanquet
                     ,
                     two
                     Espargnes
                     ,
                     or
                     Reserve-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     Skin-less-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     
                       Musked
                       Summer-Boncretine
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Orange-green-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     Muscat-Robert
                     ,
                     one
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Humble-Bee
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Mauldin-pear
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Thirty
                     Nine
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     are
                     Eight
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     seven
                     Verte-Longues
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pears
                     ,
                     save
                     Petite-oins
                     ,
                     four
                     Marchionesses
                     ,
                     four
                     Crasanes
                     ,
                     four
                     Louise-bonnes
                     ,
                     or
                     Good-Louises
                     ,
                     two
                     Flowery-Muscats
                     ,
                     one
                     Doyennee
                     or
                     
                       Dean
                       pear
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     one
                     
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Motte
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     Sugar-green-pear
                     ,
                     one
                     Messire-John
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Sixty
                     Six
                     of
                     Winter-Fruits
                     ,
                     are
                     eight
                     Boncretines
                     ,
                     twelve
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     ten
                     Thorn-pears
                     ,
                     
                     eight
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     eight
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     seven
                     Lafares
                     ,
                     seven
                     Colmars
                     ,
                     two
                     Dry-Martins
                     ,
                     two
                     St.
                     Augustins
                     ,
                     and
                     two
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     Into
                     this
                     last
                     Number
                     of
                     Twenty
                     Five
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     introduced
                     Five
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     which
                     had
                     no
                     entrance
                     into
                     the
                     first
                     Hundred
                     :
                     Namely
                     ,
                     three
                     Summer
                     ones
                     ,
                     viz.
                     the
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Humble-Bee-pear
                       ,
                       Lespargne
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     Reserve-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Maudlin-pear
                     ;
                     one
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Sugar-green-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     of
                     Winter
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     Humble-Bee-pear
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     which
                     for
                     its
                     Bigness
                     ,
                     
                     quality
                     of
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     its
                     Taste
                     ,
                     its
                     Perfume
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Ripening
                     ,
                     very
                     much
                     resembles
                     the
                     Muscat-Robert
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     little
                     different
                     from
                     it
                     in
                     its
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longer
                     in
                     this
                     than
                     in
                     that
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Espargne
                     ,
                     or
                     Reserve-pear
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     ,
                     the
                     St.
                     Sanson
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     
                       Red
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     indifferent
                     big
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     very
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     vaulted
                     in
                     its
                     shape
                     :
                     It
                     has
                     a
                     tender
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     sowrish
                     ,
                     and
                     ripens
                     about
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     July
                     :
                     Of
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     without
                     any
                     design
                     to
                     offend
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     has
                     more
                     beauty
                     than
                     goodness
                     ,
                     and
                     accordingly
                     ,
                     it
                     triumphs
                     more
                     in
                     the
                     Pyramids
                     ,
                     than
                     in
                     the
                     Mouth
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Maudlin-pear
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     that
                     is
                     greenish
                     and
                     pretty
                     tender
                     ,
                     and
                     approaching
                     very
                     
                     near
                     in
                     shape
                     to
                     the
                     Bergamot
                     :
                     It
                     ripens
                     at
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Pears
                     of
                     the
                     Summer
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     apt
                     to
                     deceive
                     us
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     stay
                     till
                     it
                     begins
                     to
                     grow
                     Yellow
                     before
                     we
                     gather
                     it
                     ,
                     because
                     then
                     it
                     is
                     past
                     its
                     goodness
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     grown
                     Doughy
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Compounded
                     Name
                     the
                     Sugar-green-pear
                     bears
                     ,
                     describes
                     to
                     us
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     both
                     its
                     Juice
                     and
                     its
                     Colour
                     :
                     If
                     it
                     were
                     a
                     little
                     bigger
                     ,
                     it
                     might
                     be
                     taken
                     for
                     a
                     Winter-Thorn-pear
                     ,
                     
                     it
                     so
                     much
                     resembles
                     it
                     in
                     shape
                     ;
                     it
                     ripens
                     towards
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     very
                     Buttery
                     ,
                     its
                     Juice
                     Sugared
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Taste
                     agreeable
                     ,
                     having
                     hardly
                     any
                     other
                     fault
                     ,
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     strong
                     towards
                     the
                     Core.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Bugi
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     is
                     regularly
                     given
                     the
                     Sir-name
                     of
                     Bergamot
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     Easter-Bergamot
                     ,
                     because
                     in
                     its
                     green
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     its
                     Bigness
                     ,
                     it
                     has
                     some
                     Air
                     of
                     the
                     good
                     Autumnal
                     
                     Bergamot
                     ,
                     yet
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     less
                     flat
                     towards
                     the
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     longer
                     towards
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ;
                     the
                     Bugi
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     speckled
                     with
                     little
                     grey
                     specks
                     ,
                     which
                     grows
                     a
                     little
                     yellowish
                     in
                     ripening
                     ,
                     whose
                     Pulp
                     participates
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     of
                     tenderness
                     and
                     firmness
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     one
                     may
                     say
                     ,
                     eats
                     almost
                     short
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     the
                     misfortune
                     sometimes
                     to
                     grow
                     Doughy
                     and
                     Mealy
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     when
                     't
                     is
                     suffered
                     to
                     grow
                     too
                     ripe
                     before
                     it
                     be
                     gathered
                     :
                     Its
                     Juice
                     which
                     is
                     in
                     abundance
                     enough
                     ,
                     has
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     what
                     smack
                     of
                     sowreness
                     ,
                     which
                     often
                     makes
                     it
                     be
                     comtemned
                     and
                     rejected
                     ,
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     Sugar
                     serves
                     it
                     for
                     a
                     great
                     remedy
                     ;
                     and
                     in
                     truth
                     ,
                     having
                     the
                     advantage
                     to
                     stay
                     to
                     Mellow
                     in
                     Lent
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     makes
                     a
                     good
                     figure
                     ,
                     appearing
                     then
                     almost
                     alone
                     in
                     the
                     great
                     sterility
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     it
                     merits
                     at
                     least
                     the
                     place
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     it
                     ,
                     nay
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     curious
                     Person
                     ,
                     in
                     whose
                     Grounds
                     it
                     usually
                     succeeds
                     well
                     ,
                     may
                     very
                     well
                     place
                     it
                     better
                     than
                     I
                     have
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     continue
                     a
                     second
                     Hundred
                     of
                     
                       Dwarf
                       trees
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       sixth
                    
                     Pear-tree
                     ,
                     
                       should
                       be
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Winter-Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                       great
                    
                     Oignonnet
                     ,
                     or
                     Onionet-pear
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Sugar-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirtieth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                       little
                    
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White-Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       thirteenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       second
                       ,
                       an
                       eleventh
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long
                     green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Petit
                     oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Angober
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       fourth
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Crasane
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       fortieth
                       ,
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Unknown
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     Sr.
                     Gemain-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       first
                       ,
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Messire-John
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       fourteenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Double-Flowr'd-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Franc-Real
                     ,
                     or
                     Frank-Royal-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       forty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Skin-less-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       fiftieth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     this
                     last
                     Number
                     of
                     Pear-trees
                     I
                     have
                     newly
                     placed
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     five
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     yet
                     made
                     no
                     Description
                     ,
                     namely
                     the
                     
                       Double
                       Flower
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Franc
                       Real
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Frank
                       Royal
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Angober
                     ,
                     the
                     Besidery
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Great
                       Onionet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Onion
                       Pear
                    
                     :
                     Therefore
                     to
                     satisfie
                     the
                     Curiosity
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     have
                     a
                     mind
                     to
                     know
                     what
                     I
                     think
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                  
                   
                   
                     I
                     shall
                     tell
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     make
                     a
                     very
                     particular
                     account
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Double
                       Flower
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Double
                     
                     
                       Flowr'd
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     not
                     to
                     Eat
                     Raw
                     ,
                     though
                     some
                     certain
                     Persons
                     like
                     it
                     well
                     enough
                     so
                     too
                     ,
                     finding
                     that
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     something
                     pleasant
                     in
                     its
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     its
                     Taste
                     ;
                     But
                     I
                     esteem
                     it
                     first
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     altogether
                     beautiful
                     to
                     look
                     upon
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     really
                     a
                     large
                     slat
                     Pear
                     with
                     a
                     long
                     strait
                     stalk
                     ,
                     a
                     smooth
                     skin
                     ,
                     Blush-coloured
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     Yellow
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     there
                     being
                     no
                     srcuple
                     made
                     in
                     letting
                     it
                     appear
                     in
                     great
                     Dishes
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ;
                     I
                     prise
                     it
                     for
                     the
                     service
                     it
                     renders
                     on
                     such
                     occasions
                     :
                     And
                     lastly
                     ,
                     because
                     after
                     it
                     has
                     made
                     an
                     agreeable
                     figure
                     for
                     several
                     days
                     together
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     by
                     often
                     handling
                     ,
                     it
                     begins
                     to
                     loose
                     the
                     Flower
                     of
                     its
                     lovely
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     grow
                     quite
                     dull
                     and
                     blackish
                     ,
                     it
                     then
                     remains
                     in
                     a
                     condition
                     to
                     signalize
                     its
                     true
                     Excellency
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     is
                     most
                     useful
                     and
                     agreeably
                     employed
                     in
                     making
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     loveliest
                     and
                     best
                     Compot's
                     ,
                     or
                     Wet
                     Sweet-meats
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     Marrowy
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     without
                     being
                     incommoded
                     with
                     the
                     least
                     stoniness
                     ,
                     and
                     having
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     abundance
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     that
                     easily
                     takes
                     a
                     beautiful
                     Colour
                     over
                     the
                     Fire
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     judgment
                     ,
                     and
                     according
                     to
                     my
                     Palate
                     ,
                     all
                     that
                     together
                     affords
                     me
                     great
                     Reasons
                     to
                     esteem
                     this
                     Pear
                     ,
                     though
                     I
                     should
                     only
                     consider
                     it
                     as
                     particularly
                     good
                     to
                     Preserve
                     ,
                     or
                     otherwise
                     prepare
                     by
                     Fire
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     likewise
                     well
                     known
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Franc-Real
                     ,
                     or
                     Frank-Royal
                     ,
                     which
                     some
                     name
                     ,
                     the
                     
                     
                       Winter
                       Finor
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     great
                     increase
                     ,
                     Large
                     ,
                     Round
                     and
                     Yellowish
                     speckled
                     ,
                     with
                     little
                     Reddish
                     specks
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     short
                     stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     having
                     a
                     wood
                     quite
                     Mealy
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Angober
                     is
                     also
                     known
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     pretty
                     big
                     long
                     Pear
                     ,
                     Blush-coloured
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     Greyish
                     Russet
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     its
                     Tree
                     is
                     very
                     much
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Butter-Pear
                     and
                     the
                     Pear
                     is
                     not
                     much
                     unlike
                     that
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     likewise
                     no
                     less
                     known
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Besidery
                     is
                     a
                     pretty
                     round
                     Pear
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     
                     of
                     a
                     large
                     Tennis-Ball
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     Yellowish
                     and
                     Whitish
                     Green-colour
                     ,
                     with
                     an
                     indifferent
                     strait
                     and
                     long
                     stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     Ripening
                     in
                     October
                     and
                     November
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     great
                     Onionet
                     ,
                     or
                     Onion-Pear
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     
                       Amiré
                       Roux
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Red-Wonder-Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                     
                       King
                       of
                       the
                       Summer
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     Red-coloured
                     ,
                     round
                     and
                     indifferent
                     large
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     return
                     now
                     to
                     continue
                     my
                     project
                     for
                     the
                     choice
                     and
                     proportion
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Garden
                     that
                     may
                     hold
                     a
                     Hundred
                     an
                     Fifty
                     One
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     accordingly
                     I
                     design
                     for
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       a
                       fifty
                       first
                    
                     Pear-tree
                     ,
                     
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Winter
                     Boneretine
                     :
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       fifteenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       sixteenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       an
                       eleventh
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       twelfth
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Vine-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Ronville-pear
                     ,
                     
                  
                   
                     Which
                     some
                     name
                     
                       La
                       Hocre-Naille
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     ,
                     
                       Martin
                       Sire
                    
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Celebrated
                     Pear
                     upon
                     the
                     River
                     Loire
                     ,
                     being
                     in
                     Season
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     January
                     and
                     February
                     ;
                     Its
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     come
                     very
                     near
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     fair
                     Russelet
                     or
                     Russetin
                     ;
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     pretty
                     hollow
                     or
                     inward
                     sunk
                     Crown
                     or
                     Eye
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Belly
                     is
                     ordinarily
                     bigger
                     on
                     the
                     one
                     side
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     every
                     where
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     handsomly
                     sloping
                     down
                     towards
                     the
                     stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     thickness
                     and
                     length
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     at
                     all
                     set
                     hollow
                     ;
                     the
                     Colour
                     is
                     lively
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     though
                     more
                     in
                     some
                     Pears
                     than
                     in
                     others
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     grows
                     very
                     Yellow
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Mellowness
                     ;
                     Its
                     Skin
                     is
                     very
                     slick
                     and
                     
                     Satin-like
                     :
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     considerations
                     that
                     have
                     engaged
                     me
                     to
                     place
                     it
                     here
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     its
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     and
                     because
                     its
                     Juice
                     is
                     Sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     little
                     smack
                     of
                     Perfume
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     agreeable
                     enough
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     shortness
                     of
                     its
                     Pulp
                     in
                     Eating
                     ;
                     Its
                     faults
                     are
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     is
                     
                     small
                     and
                     hardish
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     gritty
                     .
                     But
                     they
                     being
                     excusable
                     by
                     its
                     other
                     good
                     qualities
                     ,
                     I
                     therefore
                     was
                     minded
                     to
                     place
                     at
                     least
                     one
                     Tree
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     a
                     Garden
                     of
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     Fifty
                     Eight
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       I
                       will
                       place
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixtieth
                       ,
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Robin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Crasane
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-Thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       an
                       eleventh
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Musked
                     Boncretin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Muscat-Robert
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Skinless-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventieth
                       ,
                       an
                       eleventh
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventy
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       seventeenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       twelfth
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     Humble-bee-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       twelfth
                    
                     Winter-Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       eightieth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Salviati
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       twelfth
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       second
                       ,
                       an
                       eleventh
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       third
                       ,
                       an
                       eighth
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       ninth
                    
                     Unknown
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     
                       or
                       otherwise
                    
                     St.
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       tenth
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       twelfth
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       seventh
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       thirteenth
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninetieth
                       ,
                       an
                       eighteenth
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Besi
                     de
                     la
                     Motte
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       sixth
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Cassolet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Unknown
                     Chaineau
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Little
                     Muscat
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Hasty
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Portal
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Portal
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       And
                       the
                       two
                       hundredth
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       third
                    
                     Augustin
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     cannot
                     here
                     forbear
                     expressing
                     some
                     Regret
                     ,
                     that
                     among
                     so
                     many
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     find
                     so
                     few
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     and
                     no
                     
                       Autumnal
                       Bergamots
                    
                     ;
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     declared
                     the
                     Reasons
                     I
                     had
                     for
                     that
                     ,
                     which
                     were
                     the
                     hopes
                     we
                     had
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     pretty
                     good
                     number
                     of
                     Wall-trees
                     of
                     both
                     of
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     because
                     those
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     subject
                     to
                     be
                     Cold
                     and
                     Moist
                     ,
                     are
                     altogether
                     fatal
                     to
                     them
                     .
                     But
                     if
                     our
                     Ground
                     be
                     reasonably
                     dry
                     ,
                     because
                     we
                     have
                     a
                     very
                     great
                     Inconvenience
                     to
                     fear
                     from
                     the
                     Tyger-Babs
                     ,
                     a
                     cursed
                     little
                     volatile
                     Insect
                     that
                     horridly
                     destroys
                     the
                     Wall-pears
                     ,
                     and
                     hinders
                     us
                     from
                     planting
                     many
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     the
                     good
                     Expositions
                     of
                     the
                     East
                     and
                     South
                     ;
                     I
                     say
                     therefore
                     ,
                     if
                     our
                     Ground
                     has
                     not
                     that
                     great
                     Defect
                     of
                     being
                     too
                     Cold
                     and
                     Moist
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     convenient
                     enough
                     to
                     Plant
                     in
                     it
                     a
                     good
                     number
                     of
                     
                       Boncretion
                       Dwarf-trees
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     Therefore
                     
                       the
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       first
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       second
                       ,
                       another
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       tenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       Eleventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       twelfth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirteenth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourteenth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixteenth
                    
                     ,
                     a
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventeenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       nineteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     
                       otherwise
                       a
                    
                     St.
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       twentieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Summer
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cassolet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse-Madam
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Long-tail'd
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Musked
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourtieth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Orange-green
                     Pear-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       second
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Espargne
                     ,
                     or
                     Reserve
                     Pear-tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Sugar-green
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       forty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       fiftieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       second
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       third
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       St.
                    
                     Augustin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Amadot
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Spanish
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     pear
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Doyenne
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Portal
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Louise
                     bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventy
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Double
                     flower
                     ,
                     or
                     Double
                     flowered
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank-real
                     ,
                     or
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       seventh
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Angober
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       eighth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Angober
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Donville
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eightieth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Donville
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       second
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       St.
                    
                     Lezin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       nintieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Verte-long
                     ,
                     or
                     Longgreen
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninety
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Spanish
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Vine
                     Pear
                     tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Fondante
                     ,
                     or
                     Melting
                     Pear
                     of
                     Brest
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     white
                     musked-Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Salviati
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Summer
                     Satin-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Muskat-Robert
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       two
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     Humble-bee-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundredth
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                    
                     Skinless-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     here
                     inserted
                     two
                     
                       Spanish
                       Boncretiens
                    
                     ,
                     two
                     Salviaties
                     ,
                     two
                     
                       Musked
                       Blanquets
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Musked
                       White-pears
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     two
                     Donvilles
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     but
                     just
                     I
                     should
                     now
                     give
                     you
                     an
                     account
                     why
                     I
                     did
                     so
                     ,
                     and
                     should
                     teach
                     you
                     to
                     know
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                    
                     is
                     almost
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     Pears
                     ,
                     that
                     which
                     has
                     puzzled
                     me
                     most
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     much
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     am
                     almost
                     ashamed
                     to
                     tell
                     it
                     ;
                     I
                     found
                     my self
                     naturally
                     inclined
                     to
                     esteem
                     
                     it
                     at
                     first
                     for
                     its
                     shape
                     ,
                     for
                     one
                     can
                     hardly
                     forbear
                     it
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     great
                     thick
                     long
                     Pear
                     ,
                     and
                     handsomly
                     made
                     into
                     a
                     Pyramidal
                     Form
                     ,
                     resembling
                     altogether
                     in
                     that
                     ,
                     a
                     very
                     Beautiful
                     
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                    
                     ,
                     from
                     whence
                     proceeded
                     the
                     finest
                     Name
                     it
                     bears
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     painted
                     with
                     a
                     lovely
                     bright
                     red
                     ,
                     all
                     speckled
                     with
                     little
                     black
                     specks
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     whitish
                     Yellow
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Pulp
                     eats
                     the
                     shortest
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     Pears
                     I
                     know
                     :
                     It
                     has
                     ordinarily
                     a
                     sweet
                     sugred
                     and
                     indifferent
                     good
                     Juice
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     grows
                     in
                     good
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     comes
                     to
                     its
                     perfect
                     mellowness
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     commonly
                     from
                     mid
                     -
                     November
                     to
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     December
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     lasts
                     till
                     January
                     .
                     It
                     was
                     for
                     all
                     those
                     qualities
                     ,
                     that
                     for
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Years
                     together
                     ,
                     I
                     had
                     conceived
                     a
                     great
                     Esteem
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     besides
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     that
                     very
                     same
                     Season
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     all
                     our
                     principal
                     tender
                     and
                     melting
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     for
                     more
                     than
                     Twenty
                     Years
                     ,
                     always
                     found
                     its
                     Pulp
                     so
                     harsh
                     and
                     gross
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     stony
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     in
                     Years
                     or
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     moist
                     ,
                     that
                     at
                     last
                     ,
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     my
                     first
                     inclination
                     ,
                     I
                     was
                     forced
                     to
                     resolve
                     to
                     deny
                     it
                     Entrance
                     into
                     many
                     Gardens
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     I
                     am
                     of
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     content
                     to
                     suffer
                     at
                     least
                     some
                     Trees
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     those
                     Gardens
                     where
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     exceeds
                     two
                     Hundred
                     and
                     Fifty
                     ,
                     and
                     where
                     the
                     Soil
                     is
                     indifferent
                     good
                     :
                     It
                     having
                     always
                     this
                     Advantage
                     ,
                     That
                     it
                     contributes
                     much
                     with
                     its
                     good
                     Meen
                     and
                     lovely
                     Appearance
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     adorning
                     of
                     Fruit-Pyramids
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Salviati
                     altogether
                     resembles
                     a
                     Besidery
                     in
                     its
                     Shape
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     in
                     Colour
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     pretty
                     
                     big
                     round
                     Pear
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     pretty
                     long
                     and
                     small
                     Stalk
                     set
                     in
                     a
                     little
                     hollow
                     ,
                     with
                     an
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     also
                     a
                     little
                     hollow
                     and
                     small
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     yellow
                     russet-whitish
                     Colour
                     ;
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     great
                     red
                     streaks
                     ,
                     have
                     a
                     pretty
                     rough
                     Skin
                     ,
                     but
                     those
                     who
                     are
                     without
                     that
                     red
                     are
                     soft-skin'd
                     enough
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     tender
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     very
                     fine
                     ;
                     its
                     Juice
                     is
                     sugred
                     and
                     perfumed
                     ,
                     coming
                     nearer
                     in
                     Taste
                     to
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Robine
                     ,
                     than
                     of
                     the
                     Orange-pear
                     :
                     But
                     this
                     Juice
                     is
                     but
                     in
                     little
                     quantity
                     ;
                     the
                     Pear
                     is
                     pretty
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     would
                     be
                     still
                     better
                     received
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     came
                     not
                     in
                     with
                     the
                     Peaches
                     of
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     August
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     Beginning
                     of
                     September
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Le
                       Blanquet
                       Musqué
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       la
                       Blanquette
                       Musqueé
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     White
                     
                     Musked-pear
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     July
                     ,
                     coming
                     pretty
                     near
                     both
                     in
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     to
                     a
                     Muscat-Robert
                     :
                     It
                     has
                     a
                     fine
                     Skin
                     ,
                     its
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     pale
                     Yellow
                     tinged
                     a
                     little
                     with
                     Red
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     next
                     the
                     Sun
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     firm
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     without
                     some
                     earthy
                     and
                     stony
                     Matter
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     Juice
                     is
                     very
                     sweet
                     and
                     sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     that
                     account
                     is
                     not
                     unworthy
                     to
                     appear
                     here
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     And
                     here
                     methinks
                     ,
                     I
                     see
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     discontented
                     Persons
                     murmuring
                     at
                     my
                     choice
                     :
                     And
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     Lovers
                     of
                     certain
                     kinds
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     not
                     yet
                     spoken
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     ,
                     the
                     Cat-burnt-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     English-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Lemon-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Russelet
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Brutte
                       bonne
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Chew-good
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Nay
                     ,
                     and
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     among
                     them
                     that
                     love
                     the
                     Rose-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Caillot
                       Rosat
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Rosie-pebble
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Tulipt
                       Orange-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Villain-pear
                     of
                     
                       Anjou
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     and
                     who
                     yet
                     durst
                     hardly
                     speak
                     their
                     Minds
                     .
                     Both
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     sort
                     of
                     Gentlemen
                     have
                     fought
                     for
                     these
                     Pears
                     in
                     the
                     Gardens
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     just
                     now
                     modelling
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     finding
                     them
                     there
                     ,
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     particular
                     has
                     ,
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     taken
                     offence
                     at
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     would
                     fain
                     make
                     me
                     pass
                     for
                     a
                     Man
                     that
                     does
                     not
                     know
                     all
                     the
                     good
                     Fruits
                     yet
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     for
                     one
                     that
                     is
                     led
                     away
                     by
                     prejudice
                     .
                  
                   
                     To
                     which
                     I
                     answer
                     ,
                     That
                     I
                     am
                     willing
                     these
                     Gentlemen
                     should
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     be
                     free
                     to
                     think
                     
                       those
                       Pears
                    
                     they
                     speak
                     of
                     good
                     enough
                     to
                     plant
                     in
                     their
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     that
                     case
                     I
                     willingly
                     consent
                     they
                     should
                     continue
                     to
                     praise
                     them
                     ,
                     to
                     multiply
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     employ
                     as
                     much
                     Rhetorick
                     in
                     their
                     Praises
                     as
                     they
                     please
                     :
                     Let
                     them
                     only
                     do
                     me
                     that
                     favour
                     to
                     remember
                     what
                     I
                     said
                     at
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     this
                     Treatise
                     concerning
                     the
                     Diversity
                     of
                     Palats
                     ,
                     of
                     Soils
                     and
                     of
                     Years
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     be
                     pleased
                     to
                     permit
                     me
                     to
                     tell
                     them
                     in
                     my
                     Justification
                     ,
                     That
                     what
                     made
                     me
                     Reject
                     those
                     Fruits
                     about
                     which
                     they
                     are
                     scandalized
                     ,
                     was
                     certainly
                     nothing
                     else
                     but
                     because
                     for
                     Twenty
                     Years
                     together
                     ,
                     I
                     had
                     found
                     them
                     constantly
                     rather
                     bad
                     than
                     good
                     ,
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     Industry
                     I
                     had
                     use
                     in
                     their
                     Cultivation
                     .
                     However
                     because
                     they
                     may
                     happen
                     to
                     meet
                     with
                     certain
                     Circumstances
                     very
                     favourable
                     to
                     that
                     Merit
                     they
                     sometimes
                     have
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     now
                     ,
                     at
                     last
                     ,
                     in
                     our
                     great
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     do
                     them
                     that
                     Justice
                     I
                     think
                     due
                     to
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     so
                     to
                     continue
                     the
                     third
                     Hundred
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     first
                     place
                     six
                     Bugi-pear-trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pastourelle
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pastourelle
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pastourelle
                     :
                     Which
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     that
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     a
                     little
                     point
                     of
                     sharpness
                     in
                     its
                     Juice
                     ,
                     makes
                     it self
                     be
                     courted
                     by
                     many
                     Curious
                     Persons
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     much
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     St.
                     Lezin
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     Russelet
                     ;
                     it
                     s
                     Stalk
                     is
                     bent
                     downward
                     ,
                     not
                     hollow
                     set
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     length
                     and
                     thickness
                     ;
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     between
                     rough
                     and
                     smooth
                     ,
                     growing
                     somewhat
                     moist
                     as
                     it
                     ripens
                     ;
                     its
                     Colour
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     is
                     yellowish
                     covered
                     with
                     russet-spots
                     ,
                     and
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     small
                     tincture
                     of
                     a
                     blushing
                     red
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     very
                     tender
                     and
                     butter-like
                     ,
                     having
                     nothing
                     of
                     hard
                     or
                     stony
                     Matter
                     ;
                     but
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     said
                     just
                     now
                     ,
                     sowrish
                     Juice
                     does
                     not
                     please
                     me
                     very
                     well
                     ,
                     yet
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     December
                     and
                     January
                     may
                     well
                     enough
                     suffer
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     .
                     The
                     English-pear
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Cat
                       burnt-pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Lemon-pear
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Russelet
                    
                     shall
                     follow
                     after
                     the
                     Pastourelles
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       tenth
                       shall
                       be
                       an
                       English
                    
                     Pear-tree
                     ,
                     
                       otherwise
                       called
                       the
                       English
                    
                     Butter-Pear
                     ,
                     
                     being
                     a
                     Pear
                     that
                     is
                     more
                     long
                     than
                     round
                     ,
                     resembling
                     in
                     shape
                     and
                     bigness
                     ,
                     a
                     fair
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Long
                       green-Pear
                    
                     ,
                     though
                     not
                     in
                     Colour
                     ;
                     Its
                     skin
                     is
                     smooth
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     greenish
                     grey
                     Colour
                     ,
                     full
                     of
                     Russet
                     Specks
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     very
                     tender
                     and
                     Butter-like
                     ,
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     pleasant
                     Juice
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     seems
                     by
                     that
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     perfect
                     goodness
                     ;
                     But
                     because
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     commonly
                     mealy
                     ,
                     and
                     easily
                     grows
                     too
                     soft
                     ,
                     even
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     it self
                     ;
                     And
                     in
                     fine
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     comes
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     with
                     the
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Long-green
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Petit-Oin
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     too
                     with
                     the
                     Rousselet
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     I
                     have
                     not
                     done
                     much
                     amiss
                     in
                     not
                     thinking
                     of
                     it
                     sooner
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       eleventh
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Cat-burnt-pear
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     
                     the
                     Maid
                     or
                     Maiden-Pear
                     ,
                     being
                     a
                     Pear
                     in
                     Season
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     October
                     and
                     November
                     ;
                     It
                     might
                     pass
                     sometimes
                     for
                     a
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     ,
                     it
                     so
                     much
                     resembles
                     it
                     in
                     shape
                     and
                     bigness
                     ,
                     but
                     its
                     Colour
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     different
                     ,
                     prevents
                     our
                     mistaking
                     them
                     ;
                     It
                     is
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     Russet
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     pretty
                     clear
                     ,
                     without
                     any
                     tincture
                     of
                     Isabella
                     ;
                     its
                     skin
                     is
                     indifferent
                     smooth
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Pulp
                     tender
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     wildish
                     tenderness
                     ,
                     inclining
                     to
                     a
                     Doughy
                     consistence
                     ,
                     having
                     but
                     little
                     Juice
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     almost
                     like
                     in
                     taste
                     to
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Besidery
                     ,
                     the
                     Pear
                     in
                     conclusion
                     ,
                     is
                     very
                     strong
                     towards
                     the
                     Core
                     ,
                     which
                     makes
                     it
                     be
                     of
                     small
                     value
                     with
                     me
                     ,
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     not
                     a
                     few
                     People
                     say
                     in
                     its
                     Vindication
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     have
                     had
                     many
                     Pears
                     of
                     this
                     sort
                     which
                     had
                     not
                     so
                     many
                     Faults
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       twelfth
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Winter
                     Lemon-Pear
                     :
                     This
                     Pear
                     is
                     very
                     well
                     named
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     its
                     Shape
                     and
                     Colour
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     so
                     like
                     a
                     middle
                     siz'd
                     Lemon
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     
                     might
                     well
                     be
                     taken
                     for
                     one
                     indeed
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     round
                     enough
                     :
                     Its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     very
                     hard
                     and
                     stony
                     ,
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     earthy
                     matter
                     ,
                     and
                     we
                     cannot
                     say
                     its
                     excellency
                     consists
                     in
                     that
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     has
                     a
                     good
                     deal
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     extreamly
                     Musked
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     is
                     that
                     ,
                     that
                     has
                     procured
                     it
                     some
                     friends
                     for
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     January
                     and
                     February
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirteenth
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       first
                       Winter
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                     The
                     Pears
                     that
                     pass
                     for
                     Winter-Russelets
                     in
                     many
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     told
                     you
                     ,
                     are
                     nothing
                     else
                     but
                     dry
                     Martins
                     ;
                     But
                     yet
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     of
                     a
                     different
                     kind
                     ,
                     which
                     resemble
                     the
                     others
                     very
                     much
                     ,
                     both
                     in
                     shape
                     and
                     bulk
                     ;
                     their
                     Colour
                     is
                     greenish
                     ,
                     which
                     grows
                     yellow
                     when
                     they
                     ripen
                     ,
                     their
                     Pulp
                     is
                     between
                     tender
                     and
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     full
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     sort
                     of
                     earthiness
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     full
                     enough
                     of
                     Juice
                     ,
                     which
                     would
                     appear
                     Sugred
                     enough
                     ,
                     were
                     it
                     not
                     too
                     much
                     allayed
                     by
                     a
                     mixture
                     of
                     an
                     ugly
                     sort
                     of
                     greenish
                     and
                     wildish
                     taste
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     mellow
                     in
                     February
                     ,
                     and
                     shews
                     its
                     mellowness
                     just
                     as
                     the
                     Bergamots
                     do
                     ,
                     by
                     a
                     little
                     kind
                     of
                     Dewiness
                     about
                     the
                     skin
                     :
                     The
                     Pear
                     is
                     indifferent
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     might
                     at
                     least
                     maintain
                     its
                     place
                     well
                     enough
                     in
                     Plantations
                     of
                     Gardens
                     of
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     hundred
                     stocks
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     though
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     no
                     great
                     harm
                     not
                     to
                     admit
                     it
                     at
                     all
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     all
                     in
                     good
                     time
                     ,
                     have
                     some
                     standard
                     Tree
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourteenth
                       ,
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       Summer
                    
                     Satin-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     English-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixteenth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Cat-burnt-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventeenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Summer-Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       nineteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       twentieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Louise-Bonne
                     ,
                     
                       or
                       good
                    
                     Louise-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Verte-Longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-Green-Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirtieth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       first
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter-Bonecretine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fourty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       fiftieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     
                       or
                       St.
                    
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       St.
                    
                     Augustin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Vine-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     〈◊〉
                     .
                     *
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Muscat
                     Robert.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Skinless
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Double
                     Flower
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Double
                     Flower
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Double
                     Flower
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       seventh
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Angober
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       eighth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Angober
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Donville
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       eightieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Donville
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Pound-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                       ,
                    
                     Pound-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pound-pear
                     ,
                     which
                     some
                     name
                     Gros-rateau-gris
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     the
                     Love-pear
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     
                     big
                     Pear
                     ,
                     as
                     may
                     be
                     guessed
                     by
                     the
                     weight
                     attributed
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     pretty
                     rough
                     Skin
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     dark
                     Russet
                     colour
                     ;
                     its
                     stalk
                     is
                     short
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Eye
                     or
                     Crown
                     hollow
                     .
                     It
                     makes
                     a
                     very
                     lovely
                     and
                     good
                     Compote
                     ,
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     stewed
                     in
                     a
                     Pot
                     ,
                     or
                     roasted
                     under
                     the
                     Embers
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     way
                     prepared
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Russelin-pear
                     is
                     called
                     in
                     Tourain
                     the
                     
                       Long-tail'd
                       Muscat
                    
                     of
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     
                     that
                     is
                     the
                     Name
                     under
                     which
                     I
                     first
                     knew
                     it
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     name
                     of
                     Russelin
                     is
                     more
                     pleasing
                     ,
                     which
                     was
                     given
                     it
                     by
                     one
                     of
                     our
                     most
                     illustrious
                     curious
                     Friends
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     its
                     shape
                     ,
                     
                     which
                     is
                     much
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Russelet
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     light
                     Isabella
                     Colour
                     ,
                     that
                     one
                     would
                     take
                     it
                     for
                     a
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     tender
                     and
                     delicate
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     very
                     much
                     sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     agreeably
                     perfumed
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     great
                     fault
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     comes
                     in
                     with
                     the
                     Butter-pears
                     ,
                     the
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     the
                     
                       Lansacs
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     and
                     those
                     are
                     the
                     Reasons
                     which
                     made
                     me
                     resist
                     the
                     Temptation
                     I
                     otherwise
                     had
                     ,
                     to
                     place
                     it
                     better
                     than
                     I
                     have
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     or
                     St.
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse
                     Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse
                     Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       nineth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                     or
                     White-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninetieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Blanquet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pendar
                     ,
                     or
                     Hanging
                     ,
                     or
                     Felons-pear
                     .
                     *
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pendar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pastourelle
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Portal
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       three
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     St.
                     Lezin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundredth
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                    
                     Bouchet
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     Bouchet-pear
                     is
                     large
                     ,
                     round
                     and
                     white
                     ,
                     almost
                     like
                     a
                     Besidery
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     others
                     of
                     
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     are
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     midling
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     and
                     others
                     again
                     about
                     that
                     of
                     large
                     Cassolets
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Pulp
                     is
                     fair
                     and
                     tender
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     sugred
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Wood
                     is
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Mon-Dien
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       My-God
                       Pear
                    
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     ripe
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     August
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pendar-pear
                     ,
                     or
                     Hanging-pear
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     the
                     End
                     of
                     September
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     its
                     
                     Pulp
                     ,
                     its
                     Juice
                     and
                     its
                     Shape
                     ,
                     it
                     might
                     be
                     mistaken
                     for
                     a
                     Cassolet
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     bigger
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     growing
                     upon
                     a
                     Tree
                     of
                     a
                     different
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     ripening
                     besides
                     at
                     a
                     different
                     Season
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     easily
                     see
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     same
                     .
                  
                   
                     Methinks
                     ,
                     This
                     distribution
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     ill
                     received
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     perhaps
                     by
                     them
                     which
                     ,
                     in
                     comparison
                     of
                     a
                     Cat-pear
                     ,
                     make
                     no
                     account
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Pears
                     we
                     so
                     highly
                     prize
                     ;
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     Curious
                     Gentlemen
                     that
                     inhabit
                     along
                     the
                     Banks
                     of
                     the
                     Rhone
                     ,
                     who
                     seriously
                     have
                     a
                     very
                     particular
                     esteem
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     to
                     content
                     them
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     give
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       first
                       place
                       to
                       a
                       fifth
                    
                     Cat-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Cat-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     in
                     Season
                     about
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     October
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     shaped
                     almost
                     like
                     a
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     near
                     like
                     a
                     Hens
                     Egg
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     rounded
                     a
                     little
                     sharper
                     
                     towards
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     blunter
                     towards
                     the
                     Head
                     ;
                     its
                     Belly
                     is
                     round
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     very
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     falls
                     grosly
                     sloping
                     to
                     the
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     indifferent
                     long
                     and
                     thick
                     ;
                     its
                     Skin
                     is
                     very
                     smooth
                     ,
                     satin'd
                     and
                     dry
                     ;
                     its
                     Colour
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     clear
                     or
                     light
                     Isabella
                     ,
                     much
                     lighter
                     than
                     the
                     ordinary
                     Isabella
                     of
                     the
                     Cat-burnt-pear
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Dry
                       Martin
                    
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     tender
                     and
                     buttery
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Juice
                     indifferent
                     sweet
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     in
                     imitation
                     of
                     those
                     Gentlemen
                     that
                     so
                     much
                     admire
                     it
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     make
                     some
                     account
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     since
                     our
                     
                       Butter-pears
                       ,
                       Bergamots
                       ,
                       Lansacs
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     which
                     come
                     in
                     Season
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     will
                     hardly
                     suffer
                     it
                     to
                     appear
                     in
                     any
                     Gardens
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     extent
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     nothing
                     but
                     what
                     makes
                     a
                     very
                     important
                     Figure
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     willing
                     to
                     have
                     two
                     Trees
                     at
                     least
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     admitted
                     into
                     Plantations
                     of
                     Four
                     hundred
                     and
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     Four
                     hundred
                     and
                     two
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     more
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     greater
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     so
                     well
                     perswaded
                     of
                     the
                     Merit
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Besi
                       de
                       Caissoy
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     the
                     Russet
                     of
                     Anjou
                     :
                     Which
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     Pear
                     in
                     Season
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     December
                     and
                     January
                     ,
                     near
                     
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     Blanquet
                     or
                     White-pear
                     :
                     The
                     Ground
                     of
                     its
                     colour
                     is
                     yellowish
                     all
                     over
                     full
                     of
                     russet
                     spots
                     ;
                     its
                     Pulp
                     is
                     tender
                     ,
                     but
                     doughy
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     stony
                     and
                     earthy
                     Matter
                     ,
                     its
                     Juice
                     not
                     very
                     pleasing
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     taste
                     very
                     near
                     that
                     of
                     Services
                     ;
                     all
                     these
                     Faults
                     joined
                     with
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     smallness
                     of
                     the
                     Pear
                     ,
                     have
                     hindred
                     me
                     from
                     placing
                     it
                     in
                     any
                     Rank
                     till
                     now
                     ;
                     but
                     however
                     ,
                     because
                     sometimes
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     prove
                     pretty
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Angevin
                     Gentlemen
                     are
                     so
                     well
                     pleased
                     with
                     them
                     ,
                     therefore
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       third
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Besi
                     de
                     Caissoy
                     ,
                     and
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Besi
                     de
                     Caissoy
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thus
                     far
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     employed
                     about
                     therescore
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     several
                     Seasons
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     Eighteen
                     sorts
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     Seventeen
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     Six
                     and
                     twenty
                     for
                     Winter
                     :
                     And
                     methinks
                     they
                     must
                     needs
                     be
                     very
                     difficult
                     to
                     please
                     that
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     satisfied
                     with
                     such
                     a
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Sorts
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     plainly
                     enough
                     shewn
                     ,
                     are
                     nothing
                     near
                     so
                     good
                     the
                     one
                     as
                     the
                     other
                     :
                     I
                     will
                     subjoin
                     afterward
                     a
                     List
                     of
                     them
                     which
                     I
                     will
                     name
                     indifferent
                     ones
                     ,
                     because
                     I
                     neither
                     despise
                     them
                     so
                     much
                     ,
                     as
                     utterly
                     to
                     reject
                     them
                     ,
                     nor
                     prize
                     them
                     so
                     mightily
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     seek
                     them
                     new
                     Admirers
                     ,
                     that
                     so
                     any
                     of
                     those
                     Gentlemen
                     ,
                     who
                     knowing
                     what
                     they
                     are
                     ,
                     shall
                     retain
                     any
                     affection
                     for
                     them
                     ,
                     may
                     preserve
                     and
                     cultivate
                     them
                     if
                     they
                     think
                     good
                     :
                     But
                     as
                     for
                     those
                     that
                     know
                     them
                     not
                     ,
                     I
                     durst
                     assure
                     them
                     ,
                     They
                     will
                     do
                     well
                     enough
                     if
                     they
                     never
                     trouble
                     their
                     Heads
                     about
                     them
                     at
                     all
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     joyn
                     them
                     to
                     the
                     List
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     I
                     advise
                     People
                     to
                     exterminate
                     quite
                     out
                     of
                     their
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     a
                     List
                     of
                     which
                     latter
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     bad
                     ones
                     ,
                     shall
                     immediately
                     follow
                     after
                     the
                     List
                     of
                     the
                     indifferent
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     so
                     ,
                     to
                     continue
                     Planting
                     the
                     following
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     into
                     which
                     I
                     will
                     introduce
                     very
                     few
                     more
                     new
                     kinds
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     some
                     Baking
                     and
                     Preserving
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     place
                     the
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Double
                     Flower
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       tenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Frank
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       Eleventh
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       twelfth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fifteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixteenth
                    
                     ,
                     a
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventeenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Crasanne
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     ,
                     or
                     St.
                     Germain
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       nineteenth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       twentieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncreten
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                       .
                    
                     St.
                     Francis.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                       St.
                    
                     Francis.
                     'T
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     that
                     is
                     good
                     only
                     baked
                     
                     or
                     preserved
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     indifferent
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     long
                     ,
                     is
                     yellowish
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     very
                     smooth
                     Skin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                       St.
                    
                     Augustin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       thirtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Blanquet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse-Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Robine
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Musked
                     Orange-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Musked
                     Orange-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Musked
                       Orange-pear
                    
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     of
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     August
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     indifferent
                     large
                     ,
                     
                     flat
                     ,
                     pretty
                     much
                     tinged
                     with
                     red
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     longish
                     stalk
                     ;
                     its
                     skin
                     is
                     pretty
                     often
                     spotted
                     with
                     little
                     black
                     spots
                     ;
                     its
                     pulp
                     is
                     pleasant
                     enough
                     ,
                     but
                     has
                     a
                     little
                     touch
                     of
                     Grittiness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Melting-pear
                     of
                     Brest
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     La
                     Fare
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Marchioness
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fourtieth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Amadot
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long-green-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Besidery
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     St.
                     Lezin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Vine-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Russelin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       forty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     English
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       fiftieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pendar
                     ,
                     or
                     Hanging
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                       first
                    
                     Gros
                     Fremont
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                       second
                    
                     Gros
                     Fremont
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     a
                     Pear
                     that
                     is
                     good
                     only
                     baked
                     or
                     preserved
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     indifferent
                     big
                     and
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     
                     yellowish
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     Compote
                     or
                     Sweet-meat
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     perfumed
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Donville
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Louise
                     bonne
                     ,
                     or
                     Good
                     Louise
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Colmar
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Portal
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Lemon
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       fifty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Catburnt
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       sixtieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pound
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Pastourelle
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       sixty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Thorn-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       seventy
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Petit-oin
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Sugar-green
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       seventy
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Sugar-green
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eightieth
                       ,
                       a
                       ,
                    
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bourdon
                     ,
                     or
                     Humble-bee-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       second
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Maudlin
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       eighty
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Spanish
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Messire
                     John.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Skinless
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Great
                     Onionet
                     ,
                     or
                     Onion-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       eighty
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Musked
                     Orange
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       nintieth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Lansac
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       and
                       ninety
                       first
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cuisse
                     Madam
                     ,
                     or
                     Lady-Thigh
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       second
                       ,
                       an
                    
                     Espargne
                     ,
                     or
                     Reserve-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       third
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Cassolet
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fourth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Summer
                     Boncretien
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       fifth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Doyennee
                     ,
                     or
                     Dean
                     pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       sixth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bouchet-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       seventh
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Bouchet-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       eighth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Vine-pear
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       four
                       hundred
                       ninety
                       ninth
                       ,
                       a
                    
                     Winter
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       five
                       hundredth
                    
                     Dwarf-tree
                     
                       shall
                       be
                       a
                    
                     Bugi
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     begin
                     to
                     be
                     perswaded
                     ,
                     That
                     my
                     exactness
                     in
                     well
                     chusing
                     these
                     Five
                     hundred
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                     will
                     give
                     light
                     enough
                     to
                     our
                     new
                     beginners
                     in
                     these
                     Curiosities
                     ,
                     to
                     direct
                     them
                     how
                     to
                     order
                     things
                     if
                     any
                     occasions
                     present
                     themselves
                     which
                     require
                     more
                     Trees
                     ;
                     and
                     especially
                     there
                     being
                     hardly
                     any
                     need
                     ,
                     after
                     so
                     many
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     set
                     down
                     ,
                     to
                     employ
                     any
                     more
                     new
                     kinds
                     ,
                     they
                     may
                     see
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     every
                     Hundred
                     of
                     augmentation
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     I
                     ordinarily
                     augment
                     first
                     for
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     but
                     about
                     the
                     sixth
                     or
                     seventh
                     part
                     in
                     the
                     Hundred
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     still
                     in
                     diminishing
                     them
                     too
                     proportionably
                     as
                     the
                     Plantations
                     augment
                     in
                     number
                     of
                     Trees
                     ;
                     as
                     well
                     ,
                     because
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     walling
                     enough
                     to
                     permit
                     it
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     always
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     allotted
                     for
                     some
                     Pear-trees
                     of
                     that
                     Season
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     for
                     
                       Little
                       Muscats
                    
                     or
                     
                       Musk-pears
                       ,
                       Cuisse-Madams
                    
                     or
                     
                       Lady-thighs
                       ,
                       Robines
                       ,
                       Russeltes
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     which
                     supplies
                     the
                     Defect
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     because
                     those
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     Fruits
                     that
                     pass
                     off
                     very
                     swiftly
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     but
                     of
                     very
                     small
                     Duration
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     when
                     the
                     Quantity
                     of
                     them
                     is
                     excessive
                     ,
                     they
                     do
                     us
                     but
                     very
                     little
                     Honour
                     and
                     Profit
                     .
                  
                   
                     Add
                     to
                     this
                     ,
                     That
                     I
                     seldom
                     fail
                     in
                     Plantations
                     that
                     are
                     any
                     thing
                     considerable
                     ,
                     to
                     plant
                     some
                     Standard-trees
                     of
                     the
                     principal
                     of
                     those
                     Sorts
                     in
                     Symetry
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     an
                     assured
                     means
                     to
                     have
                     from
                     them
                     much
                     better
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     greater
                     plenty
                     too
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     the
                     Autumnal
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     at
                     least
                     the
                     same
                     regard
                     for
                     them
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     those
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     just
                     now
                     spoke
                     of
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     look
                     upon
                     the
                     Bergamot
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     consideration
                     I
                     have
                     always
                     expressed
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     have
                     planted
                     but
                     one
                     or
                     two
                     Dwarf-trees
                     of
                     it
                     in
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Five
                     hundred
                     ,
                     though
                     it
                     be
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Fruits
                     for
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     which
                     ,
                     I
                     least
                     pretend
                     to
                     forget
                     to
                     provide
                     :
                     But
                     as
                     all
                     the
                     World
                     knows
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     hardly
                     possible
                     to
                     have
                     any
                     competent
                     quantity
                     of
                     these
                     Pears
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     against
                     Walls
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     no
                     very
                     hard
                     Matter
                     to
                     conclude
                     from
                     thence
                     ,
                     that
                     doubtless
                     I
                     will
                     make
                     great
                     Wall●
                     Plantations
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     provided
                     I
                     find
                     conveniences
                     to
                     accommodate
                     my
                     Inclination
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     will
                     place
                     some
                     Trees
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     most
                     Expositions
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     truth
                     to
                     my
                     great
                     regret
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     Plant
                     but
                     few
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     those
                     to
                     the
                     East
                     and
                     South
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     favour
                     of
                     the
                     Stone
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     for
                     which
                     I
                     think
                     they
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     reserved
                     ,
                     as
                     because
                     of
                     the
                     damage
                     they
                     are
                     subject
                     to
                     receive
                     from
                     the
                     Tyger-babs
                     ,
                     from
                     which
                     I
                     cannot
                     at
                     all
                     secure
                     Pears
                     ;
                     But
                     ,
                     in
                     recompence
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     plant
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     in
                     the
                     Northern
                     Expositions
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Wall
                     Pears
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     Boncretien
                     ,
                     agree
                     well
                     enough
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     in
                     Grounds
                     that
                     are
                     something
                     dry
                     :
                     'T
                     is
                     true
                     indeed
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     not
                     so
                     good
                     in
                     that
                     Situation
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     longer
                     enjoy
                     the
                     favourable
                     Aspect
                     of
                     the
                     Father
                     of
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     help
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     sugar
                     ,
                     allays
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     their
                     Faults
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     does
                     not
                     entirely
                     rectifie
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     We
                     are
                     going
                     to
                     plant
                     then
                     good
                     store
                     of
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     suppose
                     that
                     work
                     already
                     
                     begun
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     ever
                     we
                     found
                     our selves
                     in
                     a
                     condition
                     to
                     do
                     that
                     Honour
                     to
                     this
                     Queen
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     I
                     therefore
                     return
                     now
                     from
                     that
                     Digression
                     ,
                     to
                     tell
                     you
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     every
                     Hundreds
                     increase
                     of
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     furnish
                     the
                     Fruits
                     for
                     the
                     Autumnal
                     Season
                     ,
                     must
                     not
                     be
                     augmented
                     above
                     a
                     seventh
                     or
                     eighth
                     part
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     the
                     small
                     duration
                     of
                     most
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     their
                     too
                     great
                     aptness
                     to
                     corrupt
                     and
                     rot
                     .
                     But
                     that
                     yet
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     the
                     pleasure
                     we
                     take
                     then
                     in
                     devouring
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Season
                     which
                     draws
                     great
                     Companies
                     together
                     ,
                     and
                     engages
                     People
                     to
                     make
                     some
                     Abode
                     in
                     the
                     Country
                     ,
                     are
                     always
                     as
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Mariners
                     Compass
                     ,
                     which
                     ought
                     to
                     guide
                     us
                     in
                     the
                     modelling
                     and
                     perfecting
                     our
                     Plantations
                     ,
                     and
                     direct
                     us
                     accordingly
                     to
                     Plant
                     a
                     greater
                     or
                     lesser
                     number
                     of
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     remains
                     now
                     then
                     the
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     which
                     every
                     where
                     are
                     to
                     make
                     up
                     the
                     main
                     Body
                     of
                     Reserve
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     in
                     every
                     Hundred
                     of
                     
                       Dwarf
                       trees
                    
                     ,
                     they
                     ordinarily
                     should
                     augment
                     about
                     three
                     Quarters
                     of
                     the
                     four
                     .
                     And
                     if
                     my
                     advices
                     have
                     the
                     gift
                     to
                     please
                     you
                     ,
                     pray
                     let
                     care
                     be
                     taken
                     to
                     multiply
                     those
                     Sorts
                     least
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     multiply
                     here
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     blindfold
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     a
                     venture
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     now
                     ,
                     without
                     engaging
                     my self
                     to
                     draw
                     out
                     a
                     plot
                     at
                     length
                     of
                     Six
                     hundred
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     such
                     a
                     one
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     done
                     above
                     for
                     the
                     preceding
                     Five
                     Centuries
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     set
                     down
                     exactly
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     after
                     another
                     ,
                     every
                     kind
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     every
                     single
                     Tree-stock
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     in
                     which
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     particular
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     admitted
                     into
                     the
                     Garden
                     .
                     I
                     shall
                     content
                     my self
                     only
                     to
                     tell
                     you
                     at
                     once
                     ,
                     That
                     besides
                     the
                     Five
                     hundred
                     already
                     regulated
                     ,
                     I
                     will
                     add
                     to
                     make
                     up
                     the
                     sixth
                     hundred
                     ,
                     about
                     Ten
                     
                       Summer
                       Pear-trees
                    
                     ,
                     Eighteen
                     Autumnal
                     ,
                     and
                     Threescore
                     and
                     twelve
                     Winter
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     at
                     all
                     wonder
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     who
                     have
                     great
                     Plantations
                     to
                     make
                     ,
                     find
                     themselves
                     pusled
                     about
                     the
                     choice
                     of
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     their
                     Trees
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     I
                     believe
                     ,
                     they
                     would
                     be
                     much
                     more
                     perplexed
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     put
                     to
                     cultivate
                     every
                     particular
                     themselves
                     ,
                     without
                     turning
                     off
                     that
                     trouble
                     to
                     their
                     Gardeners
                     ,
                     as
                     most
                     of
                     them
                     unluckily
                     enough
                     do
                     .
                     And
                     I
                     confess
                     in
                     good
                     truth
                     ,
                     that
                     't
                     is
                     a
                     matter
                     that
                     appears
                     to
                     me
                     like
                     an
                     Abyss
                     of
                     an
                     unfathomable
                     Depth
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     I
                     find
                     an
                     unspeakable
                     difficulty
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     go
                     about
                     to
                     mark
                     out
                     the
                     Quantities
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     with
                     a
                     Compass
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     regulate
                     the
                     several
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     by
                     exact
                     proportions
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     great
                     Plantations
                     strike
                     me
                     with
                     Terrour
                     ,
                     how
                     much
                     accustomed
                     soever
                     I
                     may
                     be
                     to
                     them
                     ;
                     nay
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     believe
                     't
                     is
                     because
                     I
                     am
                     accustomed
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     have
                     so
                     clear
                     a
                     Prospect
                     of
                     the
                     Hazards
                     and
                     Inconveniences
                     with
                     which
                     they
                     circumvent
                     Men
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     thence
                     too
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     have
                     so
                     often
                     before
                     my
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     my
                     Mouth
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     the
                     point
                     of
                     my
                     Pen.
                     
                       Laudato
                       ingentia
                       rura
                       ,
                       exiguum
                       Colito
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     We
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     think
                     we
                     can
                     never
                     come
                     to
                     be
                     Masters
                     of
                     so
                     much
                     Variety
                     and
                     Plenty
                     
                     of
                     Fruit
                     as
                     we
                     would
                     have
                     ,
                     and
                     indeed
                     the
                     Idea
                     of
                     abundance
                     ,
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     pleasing
                     Fancies
                     in
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     and
                     hard
                     enough
                     to
                     attain
                     in
                     reallity
                     ,
                     chiefly
                     because
                     of
                     the
                     unkindliness
                     of
                     the
                     Seasons
                     :
                     'T
                     is
                     in
                     prospect
                     of
                     this
                     abundance
                     ,
                     that
                     at
                     first
                     we
                     so
                     much
                     extol
                     the
                     convenience
                     of
                     large
                     Plantations
                     ;
                     but
                     besides
                     the
                     Expences
                     we
                     must
                     be
                     at
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     to
                     plant
                     them
                     at
                     first
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     keep
                     them
                     in
                     order
                     afterward
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     great
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     in
                     this
                     matter
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     well
                     considered
                     by
                     us
                     .
                     If
                     it
                     happens
                     ,
                     as
                     doubtless
                     it
                     does
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     come
                     at
                     last
                     to
                     compass
                     within
                     a
                     little
                     ,
                     what
                     we
                     proposed
                     to
                     our selves
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     sure
                     ,
                     that
                     after
                     all
                     ,
                     we
                     are
                     still
                     at
                     least
                     at
                     as
                     much
                     loss
                     as
                     ever
                     ,
                     what
                     to
                     do
                     with
                     our
                     Fruits
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     would
                     be
                     now
                     quickly
                     time
                     for
                     me
                     to
                     begin
                     to
                     plant
                     a
                     few
                     Trees
                     of
                     those
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     at
                     least
                     fit
                     to
                     conttibute
                     to
                     the
                     Ornament
                     of
                     the
                     Pyramids
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     think
                     nothing
                     can
                     be
                     said
                     against
                     it
                     ,
                     when
                     once
                     we
                     are
                     come
                     to
                     planting
                     of
                     Six
                     or
                     Seven
                     hundred
                     Dwarf-trees
                     of
                     other
                     sorts
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     now
                     we
                     may
                     conveniently
                     enough
                     place
                     among
                     them
                     some
                     
                       Summer
                       Boncretiens
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     Graccioli
                     ,
                     some
                     Pears
                     called
                     Supremes
                     ,
                     some
                     
                       Admiral
                       Pears
                    
                     ,
                     some
                     
                       Summer
                       Mouille-Bouches
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Moisten-mouths
                     ,
                     some
                     Bellissimes
                     ,
                     or
                     Super-fair
                     Pears
                     ,
                     some
                     
                       De
                       bouge
                       Pears
                    
                     ,
                     some
                     Grillands
                     ,
                     some
                     
                       Gilogiles
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                     I
                     do
                     but
                     only
                     name
                     them
                     here
                     in
                     passing
                     ,
                     that
                     our
                     curious
                     Gentlemen
                     that
                     know
                     them
                     by
                     their
                     Names
                     ,
                     mny
                     plant
                     some
                     Trees
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     please
                     ,
                     for
                     as
                     for
                     my self
                     ,
                     so
                     long
                     as
                     I
                     shall
                     follow
                     my
                     own
                     Inclination
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     hardly
                     plant
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     Therefore
                     to
                     proceed
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     begun
                     ,
                     I
                     advise
                     that
                     the
                     Ten
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                     of
                     augmentation
                     to
                     be
                     added
                     to
                     make
                     up
                     Six
                     hundred
                     Trees
                     ,
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       1
                       great
                       Blanquet
                       ,
                       or
                       White-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretiens
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Cassolet
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Robines
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Espargne
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Maudlin-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Skinless-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Pendar
                       ,
                       or
                       Hanging-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       1
                       Musked
                       Orange-pear
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     And
                     that
                     the
                     Eighteen
                     for
                     Autumn
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       Two
                       Amadots
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Butter-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Dean-pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Doyennee
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       Lansacs
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Vine-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       Messire
                       Johns
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Russelin
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Sugar-green
                       pear
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                   
                     And
                     the
                     Threescore
                     and
                     Twelve
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       Ten
                       Virgoulees
                       .
                    
                     
                       Seven
                       Winter
                       Boncretiens
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Leschasseries
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Thorn-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Ambrets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       St.
                       Germains
                       ,
                       or
                       Unknown
                       la
                       Fares
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       Bugis
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Angobers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Portals
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       St.
                       Augustins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       St.
                       Lezins
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Lemon-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Besi
                       de
                       Caissoy
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Donville
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       a
                       Calot
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Ronville
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Colmars
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Double
                       Flowers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Frank
                       Royals
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       great
                       Musk
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Dry
                       Martins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       Marchionesses
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Winter
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Two
                       St.
                       Francis
                       '
                       s.
                       
                    
                     
                       One
                       Gros
                       Fremont
                       ,
                       or
                       Great
                       Fremont
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Pound-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Louise-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Pastourelle
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     I
                     will
                     add
                     to
                     them
                     two
                     Carmelites
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     Pears
                     that
                     are
                     large
                     and
                     flat
                     ,
                     grey
                     on
                     one
                     
                     side
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     tinged
                     with
                     red
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     full
                     of
                     pretty
                     large
                     spots
                     which
                     look
                     as
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     pieces
                     clap'd
                     upon
                     them
                     after
                     some
                     cut
                     .
                  
                   
                     Among
                     all
                     these
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     about
                     Threescore
                     and
                     eleven
                     Trees
                     of
                     Pears
                     good
                     to
                     bake
                     ,
                     stew
                     or
                     preserve
                     ,
                     besides
                     those
                     of
                     which
                     we
                     may
                     have
                     Standard-trees
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Little
                       Certeaus
                       ,
                       Angobers
                       ,
                       Frank
                       Royals
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     which
                     turn
                     to
                     good
                     account
                     on
                     those
                     kinds
                     of
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     we
                     have
                     occasion
                     for
                     Seven
                     hundred
                     
                       Dwarf
                       pear-trees
                    
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     but
                     augmenting
                     above
                     the
                     six
                     hundred
                     ,
                     much
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     and
                     proportion
                     as
                     we
                     did
                     in
                     making
                     up
                     the
                     Five
                     hundred
                     to
                     Six
                     hundred
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     letting
                     the
                     Tenth
                     part
                     in
                     the
                     Hundred
                     be
                     for
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     another
                     Tenth
                     part
                     for
                     those
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     remaining
                     Fourscore
                     for
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     be
                     content
                     with
                     those
                     we
                     had
                     provided
                     before
                     for
                     Summer
                     and
                     Autumn
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     fill
                     up
                     the
                     whole
                     hundred
                     last
                     added
                     with
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     find
                     our
                     account
                     well
                     enough
                     that
                     way
                     too
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Seven
                     hundred
                     Dwarf-trees
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     have
                     about
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     eighteen
                     of
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                     a
                     Hundred
                     thirty
                     two
                     of
                     those
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     Four
                     hundred
                     and
                     fifty
                     of
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     the
                     other
                     way
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     have
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     fifteen
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     twelve
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     Four
                     hundred
                     threescore
                     and
                     thirteen
                     for
                     Winter
                     :
                     And
                     so
                     in
                     Eight
                     hundred
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     have
                     near
                     a
                     Hundred
                     twenty
                     five
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     fifty
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     Five
                     hundred
                     twenty
                     five
                     for
                     Winter
                     :
                     And
                     in
                     Nine
                     hundred
                     we
                     have
                     about
                     a
                     hundred
                     forty
                     five
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     a
                     hundred
                     and
                     threescore
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     five
                     hundred
                     fourscore
                     and
                     fifteen
                     for
                     Winter
                     ,
                     in
                     case
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     numbers
                     of
                     eight
                     and
                     nine
                     hundred
                     ,
                     we
                     should
                     think
                     we
                     had
                     not
                     Summer
                     and
                     Antumn
                     Fruits
                     enough
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     should
                     allow
                     our selves
                     no
                     more
                     Trees
                     of
                     them
                     than
                     we
                     had
                     before
                     in
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     six
                     hundred
                     ,
                     which
                     yet
                     are
                     a
                     good
                     reasonable
                     number
                     .
                     And
                     so
                     likewise
                     in
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     a
                     thousand
                     Dwarf-pear-trees
                     ,
                     we
                     might
                     have
                     about
                     a
                     hundred
                     forty
                     five
                     for
                     Summer
                     ,
                     a
                     hundred
                     fourscore
                     and
                     five
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     and
                     six
                     hundred
                     and
                     threescore
                     and
                     ten
                     for
                     Winter
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     shall
                     now
                     make
                     a
                     distribution
                     here
                     of
                     this
                     last
                     number
                     ,
                     and
                     finish
                     with
                     what
                     I
                     have
                     to
                     say
                     of
                     Dwarf-pear-trees
                     ,
                     after
                     I
                     have
                     once
                     more
                     told
                     you
                     that
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     number
                     of
                     Pear-trees
                     both
                     for
                     Summer
                     and
                     Autumn
                     too
                     ,
                     frights
                     me
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     I
                     might
                     follow
                     my
                     own
                     Inclination
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     be
                     naturally
                     moved
                     to
                     diminish
                     them
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     multiply
                     in
                     their
                     room
                     so
                     many
                     more
                     of
                     the
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     :
                     By
                     this
                     every
                     curious
                     person
                     may
                     see
                     what
                     to
                     chuse
                     best
                     for
                     his
                     use
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     hundred
                     and
                     forty
                     five
                     
                       Summer
                       Pear-trees
                    
                     shall
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       Nine
                       great
                       Blanquets
                       ,
                       or
                       White-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Musked
                       Blanquets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Bourdons
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Musked
                       Boncretiens
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Cassolets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Cuisse
                       Madams
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thighs
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Espargnes
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       melting-pears
                       of
                       Brest
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Robines
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Musked
                       Orange-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Orange-green-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       great
                       Onionets
                       ,
                       or
                       Onion-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Maudlin-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       Bouchet-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Skinless-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Three
                       Salviati's
                       .
                    
                     
                       Seven
                       Muscat
                       Roberts
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Russelets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Pendars
                       ,
                       or
                       Hanging-pears
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     The
                     Hundred
                     fourscore
                     and
                     five
                     Pear-trees
                     for
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       Thirty
                       two
                       Butter
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twenty
                       Verte
                       longues
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Lansacs
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twenty
                       Messire
                       Johns
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Besideries
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Catburnt
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Cat
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ten
                       Doyennces
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twelve
                       Amadois
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       English
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Spanish
                       Boncretiens
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Crasannes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Russelins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Sugar-green
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Vine
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Six
                     hundred
                     and
                     seventy
                     
                       Winter
                       Pear-Trees
                    
                     shall
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       Sixscore
                       Virgoulees
                    
                     
                       Seventy
                       winter
                       Boncretiens
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sixty
                       five
                       Ambrets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Seventy
                       Leschasseries
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sixty
                       five
                       Thorn-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thirty
                       Double
                       Flowers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twenty
                       four
                       St.
                       Germains
                       ,
                       or
                       Unknown
                       la
                       Fares
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twenty
                       four
                       Dry
                       Martins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eighteen
                       Frank
                       Royals
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Angobers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       Bugis
                       .
                    
                     
                       *
                       Four
                       Rose
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       *
                       Four
                       Caillot-rosats
                       ,
                       or
                       Rosie-pebble
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       *
                       Four
                       Villain
                       Anjou
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     let
                     my self
                     be
                     perswaded
                     to
                     place
                     the
                     three
                     last
                     kinds
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     though
                     I
                     have
                     no
                     great
                     esteem
                     for
                     them
                     ,
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     Fruit
                     they
                     produce
                     ,
                     having
                     wrought
                     upon
                     me
                     in
                     their
                     Favour
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     that
                     for
                     People
                     that
                     happen
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     furnished
                     with
                     other
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     these
                     Pears
                     have
                     a
                     Juice
                     that
                     is
                     pretty
                     well
                     sugred
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     very
                     unpleasant
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     love
                     a
                     Rosie
                     Taste
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Rose
                       Pear
                    
                     is
                     indifferent
                     large
                     ,
                     flat
                     and
                     round
                     ;
                     its
                     stalk
                     is
                     very
                     long
                     and
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     pulp
                     eats
                     short
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Caillot-Rosat
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Rosie
                       Pebble-pear
                    
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     the
                     Rose-water-pear
                     ,
                     is
                     almost
                     of
                     the
                     
                     colour
                     ,
                     bigness
                     and
                     shape
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     
                       Messire
                       John
                    
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     rounder
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     very
                     short
                     stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     set
                     hollow
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     an
                     Apple
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     short
                     eating
                     Pulp
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     
                       Villain-pear
                       of
                       Anjou
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     otherwise
                     the
                     
                       Tulipid
                       and
                       Bigarade
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Motley-pear
                     is
                     large
                     ,
                     
                     flat
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     yellowish
                     grey
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     a
                     short-eating
                     Pulp
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     will
                     add
                     also
                     two
                     
                       Thicktail'd
                       Pear-trees
                    
                     .
                     The
                     Name
                     of
                     this
                     Pear
                     gives
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Description
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     its
                     stoniness
                     with
                     its
                     driness
                     ,
                     makes
                     it
                     be
                     slighted
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     great
                     Perfume
                     makes
                     it
                     be
                     esteemed
                     by
                     those
                     that
                     love
                     Fruits
                     that
                     are
                     strongly
                     musked
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     yellow
                     in
                     Colour
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     competent
                     bigness
                     .
                     Next
                     shall
                     be
                  
                   
                     
                       Eight
                       Portals
                       .
                    
                     
                       Fifteen
                       St.
                       Lezins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       great
                       Musk
                       pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Colmars
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twelve
                       Louise-bonnes
                       ,
                       or
                       Good-Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Pastourells
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twelve
                       Donvilles
                       .
                    
                     
                       Twelve
                       Marchionesses
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       St.
                       Augustins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Petit-oins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Ronvilles
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eight
                       Carmelite-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Five
                       Lemon-pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Four
                       Besi
                       de
                       Caissoy
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Great
                       Fremonts
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       Pound
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Six
                       St.
                       Francis
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ten
                       Winter
                       Russelets
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     And
                     in
                     this
                     number
                     we
                     have
                     a
                     Hundred
                     and
                     one
                     Trees
                     of
                     Pears
                     that
                     are
                     only
                     to
                     bake
                     or
                     preserve
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Besides
                     those
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     said
                     ,
                     are
                     good
                     both
                     raw
                     and
                     otherwise
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     conclude
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     Reflection
                     that
                     concerns
                     such
                     a
                     curious
                     Gentleman
                     that
                     is
                     so
                     happy
                     as
                     to
                     see
                     himself
                     Master
                     of
                     a
                     Thousand
                     Dwarf-pear-trees
                     ,
                     or
                     that
                     proposes
                     to
                     plant
                     so
                     many
                     ;
                     and
                     I
                     demand
                     of
                     him
                     ,
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     those
                     Trees
                     begin
                     to
                     yield
                     him
                     a
                     little
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     though
                     it
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     to
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     above
                     Twelve
                     Pears
                     for
                     each
                     Tree
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     very
                     moderate
                     number
                     ,
                     I
                     ask
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     this
                     curious
                     Person
                     ,
                     how
                     he
                     can
                     dispose
                     of
                     those
                     Twelve
                     thousand
                     Pears
                     ,
                     unless
                     he
                     give
                     away
                     a
                     good
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     presents
                     ,
                     or
                     sell
                     them
                     ,
                     or
                     make
                     Perry
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     For
                     as
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     I
                     confess
                     in
                     good
                     earnest
                     ,
                     That
                     so
                     great
                     a
                     quantity
                     terrifies
                     me
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     vex
                     me
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     to
                     move
                     my
                     pity
                     ,
                     as
                     certainly
                     knowing
                     ,
                     that
                     at
                     least
                     the
                     half
                     of
                     them
                     will
                     be
                     spoiled
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Standard
                     Pear-trees
                     to
                     Plant.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   THere
                   is
                   nothing
                   near
                   so
                   much
                   Reason
                   to
                   oblige
                   me
                   to
                   make
                   so
                   nice
                   a
                   Discussion
                   about
                   placing
                   
                     Standard
                     Pear-trees
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   was
                   about
                   disposing
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Dwarf
                     Pear-trees
                  
                   :
                   for
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   all
                   accommodate
                   little
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   these
                   latter
                   do
                   ;
                   the
                   Shade
                   of
                   great
                   Trees
                   being
                   destructive
                   to
                   every
                   thing
                   else
                   we
                   might
                   plant
                   there
                   .
                   Add
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   are
                   particularly
                   desirous
                   to
                   have
                   air
                   round
                   about
                   their
                   Houses
                   ,
                   and
                   none
                   care
                   to
                   suffer
                   any
                   thing
                   near
                   them
                   that
                   may
                   hinder
                   its
                   free
                   accession
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   's
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   Reasons
                   which
                   makes
                   every
                   one
                   desire
                   at
                   least
                   little
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   cannot
                   have
                   great
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   will
                   therefore
                   plant
                   no
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   any
                   where
                   but
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   too
                   we
                   will
                   plant
                   but
                   a
                   small
                   number
                   ,
                   which
                   ordinarily
                   amounts
                   not
                   to
                   above
                   one
                   Tree
                   for
                   every
                   Square
                   in
                   a
                   Kitching
                   Garden
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   used
                   my self
                   to
                   two
                   several
                   Methods
                   in
                   this
                   Matter
                   ,
                   which
                   succeed
                   not
                   amiss
                   ,
                   one
                   is
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   those
                   great
                   Alleys
                   or
                   Walks
                   that
                   cross
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   at
                   a
                   good
                   distance
                   from
                   any
                   Walls
                   ,
                   excepting
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   Squares
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   one
                   in
                   every
                   Square
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   manner
                   particularly
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   shadow
                   falls
                   commonly
                   into
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   can
                   do
                   any
                   harm
                   to
                   the
                   little
                   Plants
                   growing
                   underneath
                   them
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   Wall
                   Trees
                   which
                   are
                   far
                   enough
                   off
                   of
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   manner
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   to
                   intercept
                   or
                   cloud
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Squares
                   extending
                   ordinarily
                   at
                   least
                   Threescore
                   ,
                   or
                   Threescore
                   and
                   twelve
                   Foot
                   every
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   separated
                   from
                   one
                   another
                   by
                   some
                   Alleys
                   or
                   Walks
                   ,
                   the
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   in
                   them
                   will
                   be
                   at
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   Squares
                   being
                   not
                   very
                   great
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   in
                   them
                   can
                   be
                   but
                   moderate
                   neither
                   ,
                   there
                   being
                   very
                   few
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   so
                   proportioned
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   designed
                   out
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   expressed
                   ,
                   that
                   can
                   have
                   above
                   Thirty
                   such
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   for
                   this
                   purpose
                   ,
                   I
                   either
                   chuse
                   Trees
                   of
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   big
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   of
                   great
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   good
                   when
                   they
                   fall
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   some
                   Summer
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   because
                   their
                   smallness
                   preserves
                   them
                   from
                   bruising
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   ripeness
                   which
                   loosens
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   makes
                   them
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   eaten
                   presently
                   with
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   battered
                   in
                   falling
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   else
                   I
                   chuse
                   those
                   kinds
                   which
                   hold
                   fast
                   by
                   their
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   whose
                   Fruits
                   are
                   very
                   hard
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   the
                   small
                   Winter
                   Fruits
                   and
                   Baking-pears
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   easily
                   shaken
                   down
                   by
                   Winds
                   ,
                   nor
                   when
                   they
                   fall
                   so
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   much
                   endamaged
                   thereby
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   Summer-Fruits
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   Standard-trees
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   comprehend
                   the
                   
                     little
                     Muscat-pear
                  
                   ,
                   though
                   for
                   its
                   bigness
                   and
                   season
                   it
                   might
                   seem
                   fitter
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   the
                   Canker
                   which
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   Seize
                   on
                   its
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   quite
                   spoil
                   it
                   ,
                   hinders
                   me
                   to
                   my
                   great
                   regret
                   from
                   planting
                   any
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   this
                   fashion
                   ;
                   But
                   that
                   which
                   I
                   most
                   willingly
                   plant
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   is
                   first
                   ,
                   of
                   Summer-Fruits
                   (
                   mark
                   here
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   my
                   choice
                   )
                   The
                   
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     the
                     Cuisse-Madam
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Lady-Thigh
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                  
                   ,
                   
                   or
                   White-pear
                   ,
                   the
                   Musked-Blanquet
                   ,
                   the
                   Musked-Summer-Boncretien
                   ,
                   the
                   Bourdon
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Humble-Bee
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Musked-Robert
                   ,
                   the
                   Pendar
                   ,
                   or
                   Hanging-pear
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Melting-pear
                     of
                  
                   Brest
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   large
                   Plantation
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   add
                   too
                   ,
                   some
                   Summer-Boncretiens
                   ,
                   some
                   
                     Admiral
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   those
                   which
                   I
                   choose
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     Vine-pears
                     ,
                     Russelins
                  
                   ,
                   
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   for
                   Winter-Fruits
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Dry
                     Martin
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Ambret
                   ,
                   the
                   Winter-Russelet
                   ,
                   the
                   Ronville
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   some
                   
                     Besi
                     de
                     Caissoy-trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   for
                   Fruits
                   to
                   Bake
                   ,
                   Preserve
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   I
                   will
                   choose
                   the
                   little
                   Certeau
                   ,
                   the
                   Frank-Royal
                   ,
                   the
                   Angober
                   ,
                   the
                   Donville
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   we
                   have
                   about
                   twenty
                   four
                   sorts
                   of
                   Standard
                   Pear-trees
                   to
                   plant
                   prosperously
                   enough
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   But
                   because
                   in
                   Important
                   places
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   Kitching-Gardens
                   ,
                   Baking
                   and
                   Preserving
                   Fruits
                   are
                   not
                   considerable
                   enough
                   to
                   be
                   allowed
                   any
                   
                   room
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   expedient
                   for
                   all
                   them
                   that
                   conveniently
                   can
                   )
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   separate
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   designed
                   only
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Cherry-trees
                     ,
                     Agriots
                     ,
                     Bigarros
                     ,
                     Guignes
                     ,
                  
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   
                     Apples
                     ,
                     Pippins
                     ,
                     Calvils
                     ,
                     Apis
                     ,
                     Fenouillets
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Fennel-Apple
                     ,
                     Courpendus
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Short
                     Hung
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Short
                     Stalked
                     Apples
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   with
                   some
                   good
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Damask
                     Plums
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   Mirabelles
                   ,
                   St.
                   
                     Catherines
                     ,
                     Diapred
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   lastly
                   with
                   
                     Mulberry-trees
                     ,
                     Almond-trees
                     ,
                     Azerol
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Garden
                   Haw-trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Therefore
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   since
                   for
                   these
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   for
                   Baking
                   ,
                   &c.
                   may
                   without
                   any
                   dishonour
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   be
                   planted
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   far
                   off
                   from
                   our
                   Kitching-Gardens
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   in
                   their
                   stead
                   ,
                   particularly
                   Multiply
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   sorts
                   of
                   our
                   Summer-Fruits
                   .
                   I
                   know
                   the
                   voice
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   mine
                   own
                   will
                   presently
                   give
                   the
                   first
                   choice
                   to
                   the
                   Russelet-pears
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   shall
                   not
                   think
                   much
                   to
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   four
                   great
                   Trees
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   one
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   sorts
                   :
                   The
                   Russelin
                   ,
                   the
                   Lansac
                   ,
                   the
                   Ambret
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Dry
                     Martin
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   likewise
                   Trees
                   that
                   require
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   doubled
                   before
                   we
                   double
                   the
                   other
                   Kinds
                   .
                   A
                   
                     Summer
                     Pear-tree
                  
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   planted
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   Years
                   ,
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   yielding
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   of
                   its
                   kind
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   will
                   be
                   all
                   we
                   can
                   do
                   to
                   spend
                   them
                   before
                   the
                   Rottenness
                   that
                   follows
                   close
                   after
                   their
                   Ripeness
                   ,
                   makes
                   them
                   good
                   for
                   nothing
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   contriving
                   Plantations
                   of
                   Fruit-trees
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   still
                   remember
                   when
                   we
                   intermix
                   in
                   them
                   any
                   Standard-trees
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   proportionably
                   diminish
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   should
                   otherwise
                   be
                   obliged
                   to
                   have
                   of
                   those
                   same
                   kinds
                   .
                
                 
                   Methinks
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   amiss
                   to
                   add
                   here
                   this
                   Caution
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   these
                   Standard-trees
                   ,
                   
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   in
                   planting
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   them
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   branches
                   of
                   their
                   tops
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   when
                   in
                   the
                   Nursery
                   Garden
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   will
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   their
                   Trunks
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   exactly
                   regulated
                   as
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   whether
                   that
                   heighth
                   begin
                   a
                   foot
                   higher
                   or
                   lower
                   ,
                   their
                   shape
                   will
                   be
                   never
                   the
                   less
                   comly
                   for
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   always
                   a
                   considerable
                   advantage
                   ,
                   this
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   of
                   advancing
                   their
                   Fruitfulness
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   can
                   hardly
                   ever
                   draw
                   from
                   the
                   Dwarf-trees
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   have
                   hitherto
                   examined
                   only
                   the
                   Conduct
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   observe
                   in
                   disposing
                   the
                   good
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   as
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   as
                   Standard-trees
                   :
                   But
                   I
                   have
                   not
                   yet
                   spoken
                   of
                   those
                   great
                   
                     Boncretien
                     Pear-trees
                  
                   they
                   have
                   in
                   the
                   Courts
                   of
                   some
                   Houses
                   in
                   many
                   Provinces
                   in
                   the
                   hotter
                   Climates
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   some
                   other
                   more
                   common
                   Pear-trees
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   in
                   other
                   parts
                   ,
                   in
                   other
                   Courts
                   .
                
                 
                   Nor
                   have
                   I
                   yet
                   spoken
                   any
                   thing
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Pear
                   plantations
                   ,
                   planted
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Perry
                   in
                   those
                   places
                   where
                   Vines
                   cannot
                   prosper
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   points
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   have
                   nothing
                   to
                   say
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   of
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   consequence
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   barely
                   for
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   some
                   particular
                   Persons
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   it
                   wholly
                   to
                   each
                   person
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   them
                   what
                   he
                   shall
                   find
                   best
                   for
                   his
                   own
                   satisfaction
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   success
                   he
                   shall
                   meet
                   with
                   may
                   serve
                   him
                   for
                   a
                   Rule
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   convenient
                   to
                   advertise
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   places
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   are
                   much
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   *
                   
                     Secular
                     Arm
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   this
                   fore-cast
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   Fruit
                   there
                   that
                   is
                   eatable
                   whilst
                   on
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   't
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Fruit
                   that
                   will
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Owner
                   from
                   thence
                   will
                   be
                   only
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Vexation
                   ,
                   and
                   little
                   else
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   what
                   concerns
                   the
                   plantations
                   of
                   Pear-trees
                   or
                   Apple-trees
                   designed
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Cyder
                   or
                   Perry
                   ;
                   I
                   shall
                   content
                   my self
                   with
                   only
                   telling
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   planted
                   at
                   threescore
                   ,
                   or
                   threescore
                   and
                   twelve
                   foot
                   ,
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   proportion
                   observed
                   ,
                   hinders
                   not
                   the
                   Grounds
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   grow
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   for
                   several
                   Years
                   together
                   ,
                   from
                   being
                   sown
                   Yearly
                   with
                   good
                   Corn
                   ,
                   the
                   Plowing
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Culture
                   used
                   for
                   the
                   latter
                   ,
                   extreamly
                   contributing
                   to
                   the
                   well
                   cultivating
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   :
                   I
                   leave
                   what
                   is
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   this
                   Article
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Discussion
                   of
                   those
                   to
                   whom
                   those
                   Liquors
                   are
                   necessary
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   very
                   convenient
                   ,
                   or
                   which
                   as
                   passionately
                   love
                   them
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   good
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   chief
                   delights
                   of
                   the
                   Nobility
                   and
                   Gentry
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   now
                   time
                   to
                   examine
                   what
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pear-trees
                   we
                   shall
                   plant
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   I
                   know
                   very
                   well
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   any
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   which
                   that
                   Situation
                   would
                   not
                   very
                   well
                   accommodate
                   by
                   contributing
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   certainty
                   of
                   their
                   bearing
                   and
                   bringing
                   their
                   productions
                   to
                   perfection
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   spiteful
                   Tyger-Babbs
                   will
                   give
                   them
                   leave
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   ;
                   But
                   I
                   likewise
                   no
                   less
                   certainly
                   know
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   
                   them
                   which
                   stand
                   so
                   much
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   cannot
                   live
                   and
                   thrive
                   without
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   we
                   have
                   hinted
                   in
                   several
                   places
                   in
                   the
                   foregoing
                   part
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Bergamots
                   particularly
                   lay
                   under
                   this
                   necessity
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   little
                   Muscat-pears
                   still
                   more
                   than
                   they
                   :
                   The
                   Wall
                   is
                   further
                   indispensably
                   requisite
                   for
                   the
                   raising
                   of
                   well
                   Coloured
                   Boncretiens
                   .
                   But
                   because
                   if
                   we
                   have
                   never
                   so
                   few
                   Walls
                   exposed
                   to
                   a
                   kindly
                   Sun
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   so
                   much
                   regard
                   to
                   them
                   as
                   to
                   employ
                   them
                   as
                   usefully
                   as
                   they
                   deserve
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   importance
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   that
                   challange
                   place
                   there
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   ought
                   to
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                   Pears
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   that
                   Scituation
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   treat
                   particularly
                   of
                   the
                   order
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   for
                   the
                   filling
                   up
                   every
                   Wall
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   to
                   fill
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   order
                   I
                   proposed
                   to
                   my self
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   :
                   After
                   I
                   have
                   drawn
                   therefore
                   a
                   particular
                   List
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Five
                   Hundred
                   Dwarf-pear-trees
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   placed
                   here
                   a
                   little
                   above
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   I
                   have
                   told
                   you
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   opinion
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Good-pears
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   
                     Indifferent
                     ones
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   lastly
                   which
                   are
                   they
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   bad
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   would
                   advise
                   no
                   body
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   conclude
                   this
                   Chapter
                   ,
                   with
                   informing
                   you
                   what
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   besides
                   Pears
                   ,
                   prosper
                   well
                   upon
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   proceed
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Wall-Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   method
                   of
                   disposing
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   separate
                   Discourse
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     List
                     of
                     the
                     First
                     Five
                     Hundred
                     Dwarf-Trees
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     in
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     placed
                     them
                     in
                     the
                     above
                     premised
                     Discourse
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     set
                     down
                     in
                     what
                     Months
                     their
                     Fruits
                     are
                     good
                     to
                     Eat
                     ,
                     and
                     expressed
                     the
                     Pages
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     are
                     contained
                     their
                     several
                     Descriptions
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       1.
                       
                       DWarf-tree
                       a
                       first
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       February
                       and
                       March
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       79
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Butter-pear
                       to
                       be
                       Eaten
                       about
                       Mid
                       -
                       September
                       and
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       82
                    
                     
                       Or
                       a
                       first
                       Bergamot
                       ,
                       another
                       of
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       83
                    
                     
                       
                       3.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Virgoulee
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       and
                       January
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       45
                       ,
                       85
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Leschasserie
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       and
                       January
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       85
                       ,
                       86
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Ambret
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       and
                       January
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       85
                       ,
                       86
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Winter
                       Thorn-pear
                       eatable
                       in
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Jan.
                       Described
                       pag.
                       86
                       ,
                       90
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Russelet
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       Ausgust
                       and
                       September
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       91
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Robine
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       92
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Petit-Oin
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       94
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Crasane
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       November
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       93
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       St.
                       Germain
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       an
                       Unknown
                       La
                       Fare
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       and
                       January
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       93
                       ,
                       94
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Colmar
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                         ,
                         January
                      
                       and
                       February
                       Described
                       pag.
                       94
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Louise-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good-Louise
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       95
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       ,
                       eatable
                       about
                       Mid
                       -
                       October
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       95
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Marquise
                       ,
                       or
                       Marchioness
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       94
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       End
                       of
                       December
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       98
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Messire-John
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       97
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       A
                       Second
                       Butter
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Cuisse-Madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       entrance
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       100
                    
                     
                       20.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Great-Blanquet
                       ,
                       or
                       White-pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       100
                    
                     
                       21.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Muscat-Robert
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       101
                    
                     
                       22.
                       
                       A
                       Second
                       Verte
                       Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       23.
                       
                       A
                       First
                       Skin-less-pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       Described
                       pag.
                       102
                    
                     
                       24.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       25.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       26.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       27.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       28.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       29.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       30.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       31.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       32.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       33.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Robin
                       .
                    
                     
                       34.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Cuisse-Madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       35.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       36.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       37.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       38.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       39.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       40.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       41.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       42.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       43.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       44.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Flowered
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       Mid
                       October
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       104
                    
                     
                       45.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       46.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       47.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Marchioness
                    
                     
                       48.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       .
                    
                     
                       49.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       50.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       51.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       52.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       104
                    
                     
                       53.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       54.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       55.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       56.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       57.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       58.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       59.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       60.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Longtail'd-Blanquet
                       ,
                       a
                       July
                       pear
                       described
                       pag.
                       100
                    
                     
                       61.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       62.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Orange-green-pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       104
                    
                     
                       63.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       64.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       65.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       66.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       67.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       68.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       69.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Louise-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       70.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       71.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       72.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       73.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       74.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       75.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       eatable
                       in
                       September
                       and
                       October
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       pag.
                       104
                    
                     
                       76.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Motte
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       104
                    
                     
                       77.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       78.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       79.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Louise-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       80.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Long-tail'd
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       81.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Winter-Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       82.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       83.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       84.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       85.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       86.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       87.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       88.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Thorn
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       89.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       90.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       91.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       92.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       93.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       94.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Flower'd
                       Muscat
                       .
                    
                     
                       95.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       ,
                       or
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       Mid
                       -
                       November
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       97
                    
                     
                       96.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Petit
                       oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       97.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Louise-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       98.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       99.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       100.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       101.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       102.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       103.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       104.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Bourdon
                       ,
                       or
                       Humble-Bee-pear
                       to
                       be
                       eaten
                       in
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       107
                    
                     
                       105.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       106.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       107.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       108.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       109.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       110.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       111.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Sugar-green
                       pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Sucre-vert
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       107
                    
                     
                       112.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Lansac
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       November
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       97
                    
                     
                       113.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       114.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Robin
                       .
                    
                     
                       115.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Maudlin-pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       pag.
                       107
                    
                     
                       116.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Espargne
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve
                       pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       107
                    
                     
                       117.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Espargne
                       .
                    
                     
                       118.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       119.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       120.
                       
                       An
                       English
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       121.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       122.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       123.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       124.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Bugi
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       February
                       and
                       March
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       107
                    
                     
                       125.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       126.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       127.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       128.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Great
                       Onionet
                       ,
                       or
                       Onion
                       pear
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       129.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Sugar-green
                       ,
                       or
                       Sucre-vert
                       .
                    
                     
                       130.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       little
                       Blanquet
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       100
                       ,
                       109
                    
                     
                       131.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       132.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       133.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       134.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       135
                       A
                       sixth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       136.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Angober
                       ,
                       a
                       Baking
                       pear
                       described
                       .
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       137.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       138.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Robin
                       .
                    
                     
                       139.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       140.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       141.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       142.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       143.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       144.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       145.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       146.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Double
                       Flowred
                       pear
                       ,
                       eatable
                       in
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       147.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       148.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Frank-Royal
                       ,
                       a
                       January
                       pear
                       described
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       149.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Skinless-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       150.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Besidery
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       October
                       and
                       November
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       151.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       152.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       153.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       154.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       155.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       156.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       157.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Vine-pear
                       ,
                       eatable
                       in
                       Mid
                       -
                       October
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       pag.
                       101
                    
                     
                       158.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Ronville
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       January
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       108
                    
                     
                       159.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       160.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Robin
                       .
                    
                     
                       161.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       162.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       163.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       164.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Cuisse-Madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       165.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       166.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       167.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       168.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Muscat-Robert
                       .
                    
                     
                       169.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Skinless-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       170.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       171.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Maudlin-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       172.
                       
                       A
                       seventeenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       173.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Leschasserie
                    
                     
                       174.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Bourdon
                       .
                    
                     
                       175.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       176.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       177.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       178.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       179.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       180.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Salviati
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       109
                    
                     
                       181.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       182.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       183.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       184.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       St.
                       German
                       .
                    
                     
                       185.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       186.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       187.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Lansac
                       .
                    
                     
                       188.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       189.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       190.
                       
                       A
                       eighteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       191.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       Mott.
                       
                    
                     
                       192.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       193.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Robin
                       .
                    
                     
                       194.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Cassolet
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       pag.
                       100
                    
                     
                       195.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Unknown
                       Chaineau
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       not
                       described
                       .
                    
                     
                       196.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       little
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       99
                    
                     
                       197.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Hasty-Russelet
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       not
                       described
                       .
                    
                     
                       198.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Portal
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       January
                       and
                       February
                       ,
                       and
                       described
                       :
                       pag.
                       98
                    
                     
                       199.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Portal
                       .
                    
                     
                       200.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       .
                    
                     
                       201.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       202.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       203.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       204.
                       
                       A
                       seventeenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       205.
                       
                       An
                       eighteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       206.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       207.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Winter
                       Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       208.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       209.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       210.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       first
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       211.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       212.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       213.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       214.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       215.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       216.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       217.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       218.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       219.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       S.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       220.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       221.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       222.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       223.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       
                         Dry
                         Martin
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       224.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       225.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       226.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       227.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       228.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       229.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       230.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Messire-John
                       .
                    
                     
                       231.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       232.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Verte-long
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       233.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Verte-longue
                       .
                    
                     
                       234.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Cassolet
                       .
                    
                     
                       235.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Lansac
                       .
                    
                     
                       236.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Cuisse-madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       237.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       238.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Longtail'd
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       239.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                       ;
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       109
                    
                     
                       240.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Orange
                       green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       241.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       242.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Espargne
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       243.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       244.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Sucré-verd
                       ,
                       or
                       Sugar
                       green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       245.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       246.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       first
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       247.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       second
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       248.
                       a
                       twenty
                       third
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       249.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       second
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       250.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       third
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       251.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       Virgoulee
                       ▪
                    
                     
                       252.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       253.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       254.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       255.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       256.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       257.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       258.
                       
                       A
                       seventeenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       259.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       260.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       261.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       262.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       .
                    
                     
                       263.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       264.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       265.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Amadot
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       266.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                       ,
                       eatable
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       November
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       December
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       109
                    
                     
                       267.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Louise-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       268.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       269.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Portal
                       .
                    
                     
                       270.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Louise-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       271.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Besidery
                       ,
                       a
                       good
                       baking
                       Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       272.
                       a
                       fourth
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       273.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       274.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       275.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Frank
                       Royal.
                       
                    
                     
                       276.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Frank
                       Royal.
                       
                    
                     
                       277.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Angober
                       .
                    
                     
                       278.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Angober
                       .
                    
                     
                       279.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Donville
                       .
                    
                     
                       280.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Donville
                       .
                    
                     
                       281.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       282.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       283.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       St.
                       Lezin
                       ,
                       a
                       March
                       Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       284.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Louise-bonne
                       ;
                       or
                       good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       285.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       286.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       287.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       288.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Winter
                       Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       289.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretin
                       .
                    
                     
                       290.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Verte-longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-green-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       291.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Spanish
                       Boncretin
                       .
                    
                     
                       292.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       293.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Vine-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       294.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       melting
                       Pear
                       of
                       Brest
                       ,
                       an
                       August
                       Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       295.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       296.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Salviati
                       .
                    
                     
                       297.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Summer
                       Satin-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       298.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Muscat
                       Robert.
                       
                    
                     
                       299.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Bourdon
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       300.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Skinless-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       301.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       302.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       303.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       304.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       305.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       306.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       307.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Pastourelle
                       described
                       pag.
                       110
                    
                     
                       308.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Pastourelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       309.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Pastourelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       310.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       English-pear
                       described
                       pag.
                       110
                    
                     
                       311.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Cat-burnt-pear
                       described
                       Ibid.
                       
                    
                     
                       312.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Winter
                       Lemon-pear
                       described
                       Ibid.
                       
                    
                     
                       313.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Winter
                       Russelet
                       described
                       Ibid.
                       
                    
                     
                       314.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Summer
                       Satin-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       315.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       English-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       316.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Cat-burnt
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       217.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       318.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       319.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       320.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       321.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       322.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Long-green
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       323.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Long-green
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       324.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       325.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       326.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       327.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       328.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       329.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       330.
                       
                       An
                       eighteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       331.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       332.
                       
                       A
                       seventeenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       333.
                       
                       An
                       eighteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       334.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       335.
                       
                       An
                       eighteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       336.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       337.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       338.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       first
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       339.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       340.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       341.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       342.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       343.
                       
                       A
                       thirtieth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       344.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       first
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       345.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       346.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       347.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       first
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       348.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       first
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       349.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       second
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       350.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       third
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       351.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       352.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       353.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       354.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       355.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       .
                    
                     
                       356.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Lansac
                       .
                    
                     
                       357.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Vine-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       358.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       359.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Russelin
                       described
                       111
                    
                     
                       360.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Muscat
                       Robert.
                       
                    
                     
                       361.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Skinless
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       362.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       363.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       364.
                       
                       A
                       seventeenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       365.
                       
                       An
                       eighteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       366.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       367.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       368.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       369.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       370.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       371.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       372.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       373.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       374.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       375.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Franc-Royal
                       .
                    
                     
                       376.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Franc-Royal
                       .
                    
                     
                       377.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Angober
                       .
                    
                     
                       378.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Angober
                       .
                    
                     
                       379.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Donville
                       .
                    
                     
                       380.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Donville
                       .
                    
                     
                       381.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Pound-pear
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       Novem.
                       good
                       to
                       Bake
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       111
                    
                     
                       382.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Pound-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       383.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       eighth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       384.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       ninth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       385.
                       
                       A
                       thirtieth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       386.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       387.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Cuisse-Madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       388.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       389.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       great
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       390.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       391.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Pendar
                       or
                       Hanging-pear
                       described
                       .
                       pag.
                       111
                    
                     
                       392.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       393.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       394.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Pastourelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       395.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       396.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       397.
                       
                       A
                       tenth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       398.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Portal
                       .
                    
                     
                       399.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       St.
                       Lezin
                       .
                    
                     
                       400.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Bouchet
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       August
                       described
                       pag.
                       111
                    
                     
                       401.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Cat-burnt-pear
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       described
                       p.
                       112
                    
                     
                       402.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       403.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       Besi
                       de
                       Caissoy
                       ,
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       December
                       and
                       January
                       described
                       pag.
                       112
                    
                     
                       404.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       405.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       second
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       406.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       third
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       407.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       408.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       409.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Double
                       Flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       410.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Franc-Royal
                       .
                    
                     
                       411.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       second
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       412.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       third
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       413.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       second
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       414.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       third
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       415.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       416.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       417.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Crasane
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       418.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       419.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       first
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       420.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       421.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       third
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       422.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       fourth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       423.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       424.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       325.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       426.
                       
                       A
                       nineteenth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       427.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       St.
                       Francis
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       good
                       Baking
                       pear
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       113
                    
                     
                       428.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       429.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       St.
                       Augustin
                       .
                    
                     
                       430.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Russelin
                       .
                    
                     
                       431.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Musked
                       Blanquet
                       .
                    
                     
                       432.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Cuisse-madam
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       .
                    
                     
                       433.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Robine
                       .
                    
                     
                       434.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Salviati
                       .
                    
                     
                       435.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       musked
                       Orange-pear
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       pear
                       of
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       .
                       113
                    
                     
                       436.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       melting
                       Pear
                       of
                       Brest
                       .
                    
                     
                       437.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       438.
                       
                       A
                       sixteenth
                       St.
                       Germain
                       .
                    
                     
                       439.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Marchioness
                       .
                    
                     
                       440.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Amadot
                       .
                    
                     
                       441.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Lansac
                       .
                    
                     
                       442.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       443.
                       
                       A
                       fifteenth
                       Green-long-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       444.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Besidery
                       .
                    
                     
                       445.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       446.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       St.
                       Lezin
                       .
                    
                     
                       447.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Vine-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       448.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Russelin
                       .
                    
                     
                       449.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       
                       English-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       450.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Pendar
                       ,
                       or
                       Hanging-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       451.
                       
                       An
                       eleventh
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                     
                       452.
                       
                       A
                       first
                       great
                       Fremont
                       ,
                       a
                       baking
                       pear
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       113
                    
                     
                       453.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       454.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Donville
                       .
                    
                     
                       455.
                       
                       A
                       ninth
                       Louise-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       good
                       Louise
                       .
                    
                     
                       456.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Colmar
                       .
                    
                     
                       457.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Portal
                       .
                    
                     
                       458.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Winter
                       Lemon-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       459.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Cat-burnt-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       460.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Pound-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       461.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Pastourelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       462.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       sixth
                       Virgoulee
                       .
                    
                     
                       463.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       seventh
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       464.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       465.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       466.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       Ambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       467.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       468.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fourth
                       Thorn-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       469.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       470.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       sixth
                       Leschasserie
                       .
                    
                     
                       471.
                       
                       A
                       twenty
                       seventh
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       472.
                       
                       A
                       thirteenth
                       Petit-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       473.
                       
                       A
                       fourteenth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       474.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       eighth
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       475.
                       
                       A
                       thirty
                       ninth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       476.
                       
                       A
                       fourtieth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       477.
                       
                       A
                       fourty
                       first
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       478.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Sucré
                       vert
                       ,
                       or
                       Sugar-green
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       479.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       480.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       481.
                       
                       A
                       fourth
                       Bourdon
                       .
                    
                     
                       482.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Maudlin-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       483.
                       
                       A
                       twentieth
                       Butter-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       484.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       musked
                       Summer
                       Boncretien
                       :
                    
                     
                       485.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       486.
                       
                       A
                       seventh
                       Messire
                       John.
                       
                    
                     
                       487.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Skinless
                       pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       488.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Great
                       Onionet
                       .
                    
                     
                       489.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       musked
                       Orange-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       490.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Lansac
                       .
                    
                     
                       491.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Cuisse-madam
                       .
                    
                     
                       492.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Espargne
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       493.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Cassolet
                       .
                    
                     
                       494.
                       
                       An
                       eighth
                       Summer
                       musked
                       Boncretien
                       .
                    
                     
                       495.
                       
                       A
                       sixth
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       496.
                       
                       A
                       second
                       Bouchet-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       497.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Ditto
                       .
                    
                     
                       498.
                       
                       A
                       fifth
                       Vine-pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       499.
                       
                       A
                       third
                       Winter
                       Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       500.
                       
                       A
                       twelfth
                       Bugi
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Not
                     to
                     tire
                     the
                     Reader
                     too
                     much
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     only
                     made
                     a
                     List
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     five
                     Hundred
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                     the
                     rest
                     besides
                     being
                     all
                     only
                     the
                     same
                     kinds
                     ready
                     above
                     set
                     down
                     ,
                     excepting
                     only
                     these
                     five
                     that
                     follow
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Carmelite
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       March
                       pear
                       ,
                       described
                       pag.
                       115
                    
                     
                       The
                       Rose-pear
                       Described
                       .
                       pag.
                       115
                    
                     
                       The
                       Caillot-rosat
                       ,
                       or
                       Rosie-pebble
                       ,
                       or
                       Rose-water
                       pear
                       ,
                       being
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       the
                       Months
                    
                     
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       ,
                       described
                       .
                       p.
                       115
                    
                     
                       The
                       Villain-pear
                       of
                       Anjou
                       ,
                       an
                       October
                       pear
                       described
                       pag.
                       115
                    
                     
                       And
                       the
                       Thick-tail
                       pear
                       ,
                       an
                       October
                       pear
                       described
                       pag.
                       115
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     A
                     List
                     or
                     Catalogue
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     both
                     Good
                     ,
                     Indifferent
                     ,
                     and
                     Bad
                     ones
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Good
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Bergamot
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear
                       of
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Winter
                       Boncretien
                       ,
                       February
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Butter
                       Pear
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Virgoulee
                       ,
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Leschasserie
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       Ambrett
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Thorn-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Russelet
                       ,
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Robine
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       Petit-Oin
                       ,
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Crasane
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       St.
                       Germain
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       the
                       unknown
                       
                         La
                         Fare
                         ,
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Colmar
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       Louise-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       good
                       Louise
                       ,
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       Verte-Longue
                       ,
                       or
                       Long-Green-Pear
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       Marchioness
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       St.
                       Augustine
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Messire-John
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       Cuisse-Madame
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-thigh
                       ,
                       entrance
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       20.
                       
                       The
                       Great
                       Blanquet
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       21.
                       
                       The
                       Muscat-Robert
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       ,
                       the
                       Queen-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       Amber-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       Great
                       Musked-Pear
                       of
                       Coud
                       ,
                       the
                       Princess
                       ,
                       in
                       Poitou
                       ,
                       the
                       Maiden
                       of
                       Flanders
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Maiden
                       of
                       Xaintonge
                       ,
                       is
                       Ripe
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       22.
                       
                       The
                       Skinless-Pear
                       ,
                       about
                       the
                       Twentieth
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       23.
                       
                       The
                       Flower'd-Muscat
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       24.
                       
                       The
                       Long-tail'd-Blanquet
                       ,
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       25.
                       
                       The
                       Orange-Green-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       26.
                       
                       The
                       Besi
                       de
                       la
                       motte
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       27.
                       
                       The
                       Dry
                       Martin
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       28.
                       
                       The
                       Bourdon
                       ,
                       or
                       Humble-Bee-Pear
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       29.
                       
                       The
                       Sugar-Green
                       ,
                       or
                       Green-Sugar-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Sucre-verd
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       30.
                       
                       The
                       Lansac
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       31.
                       
                       The
                       Maudlin-Pear
                       ,
                       entry
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       32.
                       
                       The
                       Espargne
                       ,
                       or
                       Reserve-Pear
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       33.
                       
                       The
                       Bugi
                       ,
                       February
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       34.
                       
                       The
                       Little
                       Blanquet
                       ,
                       or
                       White
                       Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       35.
                       
                       The
                       unknown
                       Chaineau
                       ,
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       36.
                       
                       The
                       Little
                       Muscat
                       .
                    
                     
                       37.
                       
                       The
                       Portal
                       ,
                       January
                       ,
                       and
                       February
                       :
                    
                     
                       38.
                       
                       The
                       Green-Satin-Pear
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       39.
                       
                       The
                       Red
                       Admiral
                       ,
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       40.
                       
                       The
                       Vine
                       ,
                       or
                       Damsel-Pear
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       41.
                       
                       The
                       Non-common
                       ,
                       or
                       Dead-Mens-Pear
                       ,
                       
                         November
                         ▪
                      
                    
                     
                       42.
                       
                       The
                       Great
                       Musk-Pear
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       43.
                       
                       The
                       Almain
                       ,
                       or
                       
                       German-Muscat
                       ,
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       44.
                       
                       The
                       Amadotte
                       ,
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       45.
                       
                       The
                       St.
                       
                         Lezin
                         ,
                         March.
                      
                       
                    
                     
                       46.
                       
                       The
                       melting
                       Brest-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       47.
                       
                       The
                       Russelin
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       48.
                       
                       The
                       Pendar
                       ,
                       or
                       Hanging-Pear
                       ,
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       49.
                       
                       The
                       Cassolette
                       ,
                       or
                       Friolet
                       ,
                       or
                       Green
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       Eche-Frion
                       .
                    
                     
                       50.
                       
                       The
                       Ronville
                       ,
                       or
                       Martin-sire
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Indifferent
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       
                       London-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Brown
                       Orange-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Monsieur-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Musked
                       Summer-Boncretien
                       ,
                       or
                       Graccioli
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Doyennee
                       ,
                       or
                       Dean-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       St.
                       
                       Michael's
                       Pear
                       ,
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Cat-burnt-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       ,
                       and
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       
                       English-Pear
                       ,
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Ambrette
                       of
                       Bourgeuill
                       ,
                       or
                       Graville
                       ,
                       thirteenth
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Besidery
                       ,
                       a
                       Baking-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Pastourelle
                       ,
                       or
                       Bag-pipe-Pear
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       Topinambour
                       ,
                       or
                       Potato-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Musked
                       Finot
                       ,
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Arch-Duke
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       Naples
                       Pear
                       ,
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Summer-perfume
                       ,
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       perfume
                       of
                       Berny
                       ,
                       the
                       Twenty
                       Third
                       of
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       Spanish
                       Boncretien
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       Crapaudine
                       ,
                       or
                       Toady-Pear
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       the
                       Grise
                       bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Graygood
                       ,
                       and
                       Summer-Ambrette
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       Portugal
                       Summer-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Prince-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Admiral-Pear
                       ,
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Villain-Pear
                       of
                       Anjou
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       Black
                       Sugry-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Sucrin-Noir
                       ,
                       December
                       ,
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       20.
                       
                       The
                       Cat-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       21.
                       
                       The
                       Jessamine-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       22.
                       
                       The
                       Besi
                       de
                       Caissoy
                       ,
                       or
                       Russet
                       of
                       
                         Anjou
                         ,
                         November
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       23.
                       
                       The
                       Musked
                       Onion-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       24.
                       
                       The
                       Limon-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       25.
                       
                       The
                       Etranguillon
                       Vibray
                       ,
                       or
                       Vibray-Choak-Pear
                       ,
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       26.
                       
                       The
                       Round
                       Milan-Pear
                       ,
                       January
                       ,
                       and
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       27.
                       
                       The
                       Queen
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       28.
                       
                       The
                       Carmelite-Pear
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       29.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Russelet
                       .
                    
                     
                       30.
                       
                       The
                       Jasmin
                       ,
                       and
                       Frangipane
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       31.
                       
                       The
                       Thorn
                       less
                       Ambrette
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       32.
                       
                       The
                       Gold-Pear
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       33.
                       
                       The
                       Nameless-Pear
                       of
                       Monsicur
                       
                         Le
                         Jeune
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       34.
                       
                       The
                       Caillot-Rosat
                       ,
                       or
                       Rosie
                       Pebble-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Rose-water-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       Pera
                       del
                       Campo
                       ,
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       35.
                       
                       The
                       Rose-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       36.
                       
                       The
                       Milan
                       de
                       la
                       Beuvriere
                       ,
                       or
                       Summer-Bergamot
                       ,
                       August
                       the
                       Twelfth
                       .
                    
                     
                       37.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Orange-Pear
                       ,
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       38.
                       
                       The
                       Tuliped
                       ,
                       Fly-Pear
                       ,
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       39.
                       
                       The
                       Brutte-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Chaw-good-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       the
                       Pope-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       40.
                       
                       The
                       Finor
                       of
                       Orleans
                       ,
                       common
                       in
                       August
                       ,
                       Reddish
                       ,
                       and
                       like
                       a
                       Russelet
                       ;
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       gathered
                       green
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       it
                       Mellow
                       and
                       more
                       Juicy
                       .
                    
                     
                       41.
                       
                       The
                       White-Butter-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       the
                       Twentieth
                       .
                    
                     
                       42.
                       
                       The
                       Double-Flower
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       43.
                       
                       The
                       Morfontaine
                       ,
                       the
                       Twenty
                       Fifth
                       of
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       44.
                       
                       The
                       Tibivilliers
                       ,
                       or
                       Bruta-Marma
                       ,
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       April
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Bad
                       Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Dumas
                       ,
                       or
                       Christalline
                       ,
                       or
                       Marin-gout-Pear
                       ,
                       of
                       the
                       shape
                       of
                       the
                       Gilogiles
                       ,
                       February
                       ,
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       
                       English-Burket-Russet
                       ,
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Sain-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Sound-Mans-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Summer-Certeau
                       ,
                       end
                       of
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Belle-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Fair-good-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       the
                       Tenth
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       Catillac-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       and
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Cadet-Pear
                       ,
                       
                         October
                         ,
                         November
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Thick-tail'd-Pear
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Fin-Oin-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       Passe-Bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Past-good-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Chambrette
                       ,
                       these
                       three
                       last
                       ,
                       all
                       in
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Caillot
                       ,
                       or
                       Pebble-Pear
                       ,
                       to
                       bake
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Carmelite
                       ,
                       Mazuer
                       ,
                       or
                       Gilogiles
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       Baking
                       Pound-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       Ros-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       Sicilian
                       Musked
                       Bergamot
                       ,
                       or
                       Dove-Pear
                       ,
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       Citroli-Pear
                       ,
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Caloët
                       ,
                       or
                       Winter-Caillot
                       ,
                       or
                       Pebble-Pear
                       ,
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       Lady
                       Joan
                       ,
                       or
                       Rousse
                       de
                       la
                       Merliere
                       ,
                       December
                       ,
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       20.
                       
                       The
                       Pernan
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       21.
                       
                       The
                       Miret
                       ,
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       22.
                       
                       The
                       Gourmandine
                       ,
                       or
                       Liquorish-Pear
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       23.
                       
                       The
                       Foundling
                       of
                       the
                       Mountain
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       24.
                       
                       The
                       Supreme
                       ,
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       25.
                       
                       The
                       Gros
                       Fremon
                       ,
                       or
                       Great
                       Fremon
                       ,
                       December
                       ,
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       26.
                       
                       The
                       Macarius-Pear
                       ,
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       27.
                       
                       The
                       Bernardiere
                       ,
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       28.
                       
                       The
                       Betterave
                       ,
                       or
                       Beet-root-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       29.
                       
                       The
                       Red
                       Orange-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       30.
                       
                       The
                       Burgundy
                       Dry-Martin
                       ,
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       31.
                       
                       The
                       Bellissime
                       ,
                       or
                       Super-fair-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       32.
                       
                       The
                       Martineau
                       ,
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       33.
                       
                       The
                       Legat-Bouge
                       ,
                       or
                       Bens-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       34.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Cyprus-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       35.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Fontarabie-Pear
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       36.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Malta-Pear
                       ,
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       37.
                       
                       The
                       Constantinople
                       ,
                       or
                       Borgueil-Pear
                       ,
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       38.
                       
                       The
                       Orange-Pear
                       of
                       St.
                       Lo
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       39.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Jargonnelle
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       40.
                       
                       The
                       Gastellier
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       41.
                       
                       The
                       Estoupe
                       ,
                       or
                       Stopple-Pear
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       42.
                       
                       The
                       Bete-bir
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       43.
                       
                       The
                       Monrave
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       44.
                       
                       The
                       Gambay
                       ,
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       45.
                       
                       The
                       Summer-Jargonnelle
                       ,
                       August
                       the
                       Twenty
                       Second
                       .
                    
                     
                       46.
                       
                       The
                       Lombard-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       47.
                       
                       The
                       Sanguinole
                       ,
                       or
                       Bloody-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       48.
                       
                       The
                       Hasty-Pear
                       ,
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       49.
                       
                       The
                       Double-headed-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       50.
                       
                       The
                       Onion-Pear
                       of
                       
                         Vervan
                         ,
                         August
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       51.
                       
                       The
                       Musked
                       Certeau
                       .
                    
                     
                       52.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Villain
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       53.
                       
                       The
                       Stergonette
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       54.
                       
                       The
                       Green-Pear
                       of
                       
                         Pereus
                         ,
                         January
                         ,
                         February
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       55.
                       
                       The
                       Toad-Pear
                       ,
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       56.
                       
                       The
                       Scarlet-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       57.
                       
                       The
                       My-God-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       58.
                       
                       The
                       Belle-Vege
                       ,
                       same
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       59.
                       
                       The
                       Courtreau
                       ,
                       or
                       St.
                       
                       Giles's
                       Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       60.
                       
                       The
                       Red
                       Pairmain-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       61.
                       
                       The
                       St.
                       
                       Francis-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       62.
                       
                       The
                       Bequêne
                       .
                    
                     
                       63.
                       
                       The
                       Love-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       64.
                       
                       The
                       Marine
                       ,
                       or
                       
                       Thomas-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       65.
                       
                       The
                       Carisie
                       .
                    
                     
                       66.
                       
                       The
                       Chair-à-Dame
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-flesh-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       Pears
                       among
                       these
                       ,
                       good
                       to
                       Bake
                       ,
                       &c.
                       which
                       are
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       Carmelite
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Caloët
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Great
                       Fremont
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       St.
                       Francis.
                       
                    
                     
                       The
                       Bequêne
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Love-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Thomas
                       ,
                       or
                       Marine-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       the
                       Ros-Pear
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Besides
                     the
                     Bad-Pears
                     which
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     ,
                     here
                     is
                     a
                     particular
                     List
                     of
                     those
                     which
                     I
                     know
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     Bad
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     Counsel
                     no
                     Body
                     to
                     Plant
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Summer-Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Summer-Certeau
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Belle-bonne
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Poire
                       de
                       Sain
                       ,
                       or
                       Sound-Man's-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Sanguinole
                       ,
                       or
                       Bloody-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Betterave
                       ,
                       or
                       Beet-root-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       Red
                       Orange
                       Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Bellissime
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Jargonnelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Lombardie
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Windsor-Pear
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Musked
                       Vally-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       Odorant
                       ,
                       or
                       sweet-smelling-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Scarlet-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       My-God-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       St.
                       Giles
                       ,
                       or
                       Courtreau-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       Chair-à-Dame
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady-flesh-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       Vally-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Toady-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       Milan-Pear
                       ,
                       or
                       Summer-Bergamotte
                       de
                       Beuvriere
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Autumn-Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Cadet-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Musked
                       Certeau
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Chambret
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Fin-oin
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Passe-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Past-good-Pear
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Winter-Pears
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Catillac
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Lady
                       Joan.
                       
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Pernan
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Mountain-Foundling
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Bernardiere
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       Burgundy
                       Dry-Martin
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Fountarabie-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Gastelier
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Stergonelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       Vertzburg
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Toad-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       Pairmain-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Carisie
                       .
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Jargonnelle
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Malta-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Swisse-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       Gilogiles
                       .
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Mauritany
                       ,
                       or
                       Moorish-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Armenian-Pear
                       ,
                       the
                       Fourth
                       of
                       January
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       A
                       List
                       of
                       those
                       which
                       I
                       Esteem
                       not
                       highly
                       enough
                       to
                       Counsel
                       any
                       Gentleman
                       to
                       Plant
                       them
                       ,
                       nor
                       yet
                       so
                       much
                       Despise
                       as
                       to
                       Banish
                       them
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Gardens
                       of
                       them
                       that
                       like
                       them
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Summer-Pears
                       are
                       ,
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       THE
                       Summer-Perfume
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       Berny-Perfume
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       The
                       Hasty-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       The
                       Janet-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       The
                       Frangipane
                       .
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       The
                       Jassemine
                       ,
                       or
                       Gessimine-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       7.
                       
                       The
                       Brutte-bonne
                       ,
                       or
                       Chaw-good-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       8.
                       
                       The
                       Finor
                       .
                    
                     
                       9.
                       
                       The
                       Vervan
                       Onion-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       10.
                       
                       The
                       Nicole-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       11.
                       
                       The
                       Besi
                       de
                       Mapan
                       ,
                       August
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Autumn-Pears
                       are
                       ,
                    
                     
                       12.
                       
                       The
                       Monsieur
                       ,
                       or
                       Brown
                       Gold-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       13.
                       
                       The
                       Onion-Pear
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       14.
                       
                       The
                       Thornless-Ambrette
                       .
                    
                     
                       15.
                       
                       The
                       Gold-Pear
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       16.
                       
                       The
                       Tuliped
                       ,
                       or
                       Fly-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       17.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Cyprus-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       18.
                       
                       The
                       Ruddy
                       
                       English-Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       19.
                       
                       The
                       Nameless-Pear
                       of
                       Monsieur
                       
                         〈◊〉
                         Jeune
                      
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       The
                       Winter-Pears
                       are
                       ;
                    
                     
                       20.
                       
                       The
                       Topinambour
                       .
                    
                     
                       21.
                       
                       The
                       Besi
                       des
                       Essars
                       .
                    
                     
                       22.
                       
                       The
                       Arch-Duke
                       .
                    
                     
                       23.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Naples-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       24.
                       
                       The
                       
                       Armenian-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       25.
                       
                       The
                       Sicilian
                       ,
                       or
                       Musked
                       Bergamot
                       .
                    
                     
                       26.
                       
                       The
                       Sucrin-noir
                       ,
                       or
                       Black
                       Sugry-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       27.
                       
                       The
                       Round
                       Milan-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       28.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Villain
                       .
                    
                     
                       29.
                       
                       The
                       Winter-Gold-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       30.
                       
                       The
                       Legat
                       ,
                       or
                       Bouge-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       31.
                       
                       The
                       Bruta-Marma
                       .
                    
                     
                       32.
                       
                       The
                       Green
                       -
                       
                       Pereus-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       33.
                       
                       The
                       Ros-Pear
                       .
                    
                     
                       34.
                       
                       The
                       Citroli
                       .
                    
                     
                       35.
                       
                       The
                       Miret
                       ,
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       36.
                       
                       The
                       Gourmandine
                       ,
                       or
                       Liquorish
                       ,
                       or
                       Greedy-guts-Pear
                       ,
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       37.
                       
                       The
                       Macarius-Pear
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Treating
                     of
                     Apples
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   SInce
                   Apples
                   make
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   part
                   too
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   their
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   and
                   Lasting
                   Quality
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   Convenience
                   they
                   afford
                   us
                   ,
                   of
                   having
                   them
                   either
                   growing
                   upon
                   little
                   
                     Dwarf
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   grafted
                   upon
                   Paradise-Apple-Stocks
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   larger
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   and
                   Standards
                   grafted
                   upon
                   Wild
                   or
                   Crab-stocks
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   take
                   the
                   opportunity
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   what
                   I
                   would
                   Counsel
                   Gentlemen
                   to
                   plant
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   proceed
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   
                     Wall
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   among
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   seldom
                   or
                   never
                   admit
                   them
                   Entrance
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   Apples
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   to
                   Eat
                   Raw
                   ,
                   or
                   Baked
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   prepared
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   
                   I
                   meddle
                   not
                   here
                   with
                   
                     Cyder-Apples
                     ,
                  
                   )
                   I
                   count
                   Seven
                   principal
                   sorts
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Gray-Pippin
                   ,
                   the
                   White
                   ,
                   or
                   Frank-Pippin
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Autumn
                     Calvill
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Fennellet
                   ,
                   or
                   Fennell-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Cour-pendu
                   ,
                   or
                   short-hung
                   ,
                   or
                   short-stalk'd-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Api
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Violet-Apple
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   others
                   which
                   I
                   prize
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   tho'
                   they
                   are
                   no
                   bad
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Rambour
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   Summer-Calvill
                   ,
                   the
                   Cousinotte
                   ,
                   the
                   Orgeran
                   ,
                   the
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Thick
                     Pairmain
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Ice-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Francatu
                   ,
                   the
                   Hiute-Bontée
                   ,
                   or
                   High-goodness
                   ,
                   the
                   Royalty
                   ,
                   the
                   Rouvezeau
                   ,
                   the
                   Chesnut-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Pigconnet
                   ,
                   or
                   Pigcon-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Pass-pomme
                   ,
                   or
                   Passing-Apple
                   ,
                   the
                   Petit-bon
                   ,
                   or
                   Small-good
                   ,
                   the
                   Fig-Apple
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   All
                   Apples
                   pretty
                   near
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   in
                   their
                   flat
                   figure
                   ,
                   and
                   short
                   stalk
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   bigness
                   too
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   their
                   short
                   Eating
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   different
                   in
                   Colour
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   know
                   not
                   above
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   sorts
                   that
                   are
                   bigger
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   namely
                   ,
                   the
                   Rambours
                   ,
                   the
                   Calvills
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ice-Applos
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   that
                   are
                   more
                   long
                   
                   than
                   flat
                   ,
                   namely
                   ,
                   the
                   Calvills
                   ,
                   the
                   Violets
                   ,
                   the
                   Jerusalems
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ice-Apples
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   thicker
                   towards
                   the
                   stalk
                   than
                   towards
                   the
                   head
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   conceive
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   flat
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   further
                   Description
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pippins
                   are
                   distinguished
                   by
                   the
                   Two
                   Names
                   of
                   Gray
                   and
                   White
                   
                   which
                   they
                   bear
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   other
                   respects
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   goodness
                   ;
                   good
                   Compôtes
                   ,
                   or
                   Wet
                   Sweet-Meats
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   them
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   be
                   eaten
                   Raw
                   towards
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   January
                   ;
                   before
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   little
                   point
                   of
                   sharpness
                   
                   which
                   pleases
                   not
                   some
                   people
                   ,
                   but
                   unhappily
                   assoon
                   as
                   ever
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   be
                   entirely
                   free
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   they
                   contract
                   a
                   smell
                   that
                   is
                   much
                   more
                   displeasing
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   is
                   rendred
                   still
                   more
                   disagreeable
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   smell
                   of
                   the
                   Straw
                   upon
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   laid
                   to
                   Mellow
                   ,
                   intermixes
                   therewith
                   .
                   In
                   sine
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   these
                   Pippins
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   profitably
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   Year
                   long
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   their
                   disadvantage
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   no
                   less
                   truly
                   affirmed
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Neighbourhood
                   is
                   infinitely
                   disagreeable
                   and
                   incommodious
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Summer
                   and
                   Autumnal-Calvills
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   pretty
                   near
                   in
                   their
                   longish
                   shape
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   their
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Blood-Red
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   the
                   Summer-Calvill
                   is
                   
                   a
                   little
                   flatter
                   ,
                   being
                   likewise
                   less
                   Coloured
                   without
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   within
                   ,
                   whereas
                   those
                   of
                   Autumn
                   are
                   very
                   Red
                   both
                   without
                   and
                   within
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   thave
                   the
                   most
                   agreeable
                   
                   Violet-smell
                   that
                   renders
                   them
                   so
                   considerable
                   :
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   these
                   most
                   excellent
                   ones
                   have
                   always
                   their
                   pulp
                   deeplier
                   tinged
                   with
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   also
                   more
                   beautiful
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   .
                   They
                   keep
                   
                   most
                   commonly
                   from
                   October
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   come
                   in
                   ,
                   till
                   January
                   and
                   February
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   most
                   excellent
                   Fruit
                   to
                   Eat
                   Raw
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   less
                   excellent
                   to
                   use
                   in
                   Compôtes
                   ,
                   and
                   Wet
                   Sweet-Meats
                   .
                   It
                   sometimes
                   grows
                   dry
                   and
                   mealy
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   till
                   't
                   is
                   very
                   old
                   .
                   The
                   Summer-Calvills
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   White
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   are
                   gone
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   September
                   is
                   past
                   ;
                   they
                   may
                   at
                   least
                   be
                   said
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   disagreeable
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   Pyramids
                   of
                   their
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fennellet
                   ,
                   or
                   Fennell-Apple
                   ,
                   or
                   Anis-Apple
                   ,
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Colour
                   not
                   well
                   to
                   be
                   express'd
                   :
                   
                   It
                   is
                   Grey
                   ,
                   overcast
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   something
                   of
                   a
                   Russet
                   ,
                   coming
                   near
                   the
                   Colour
                   of
                   the
                   Belly
                   of
                   a
                   Doc
                   ,
                   never
                   taking
                   any
                   Lively
                   Colour
                   .
                   It
                   never
                   grows
                   very
                   big
                   ,
                   and
                   seems
                   to
                   incline
                   to
                   a
                   Longish
                   Figure
                   :
                   Its
                   pulp
                   is
                   very
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   juice
                   much
                   sugred
                   ,
                   and
                   perfumed
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   smack
                   of
                   those
                   Plants
                   from
                   which
                   it
                   derives
                   its
                   Name
                   .
                   This
                   Apple
                   begins
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   the
                   pleasure
                   to
                   
                   Eat
                   it
                   with
                   the
                   Pears
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   keeps
                   till
                   February
                   and
                   March.
                   It
                   is
                   certainly
                   a
                   very
                   pretty
                   Apple
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   be
                   much
                   more
                   so
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   not
                   so
                   apt
                   to
                   wrinkle
                   and
                   wither
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   follows
                   next
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cour-pendu
                   ,
                   or
                   short-hung
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     short-stalk'd
                     ,
                     Apple
                  
                   ,
                   whose
                   Ancient
                   Name
                   some
                   
                   would
                   have
                   changed
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   that
                   of
                   Bardin
                   ,
                   is
                   perfectly
                   of
                   the
                   regular
                   figure
                   of
                   an
                   Apple
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   bigness
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Grey-Russet
                   Colour
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   Dyed
                   with
                   Vermillion
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   pulp
                   is
                   very
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   juice
                   very
                   sweet
                   and
                   pleasant
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Eaten
                   with
                   pleasure
                   from
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   till
                   February
                   and
                   
                   March
                   :
                   We
                   must
                   not
                   give
                   it
                   time
                   to
                   grow
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   because
                   then
                   it
                   is
                   insipid
                   ,
                   and
                   loses
                   its
                   tast
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   a
                   very
                   pretty
                   Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Api
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   truth
                   ,
                   a
                   Right
                   Lady's-Apple
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   Company
                   ,
                   is
                   known
                   by
                   
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   remarkable
                   for
                   its
                   extraordinary
                   piercing
                   and
                   lively
                   Colour
                   .
                   It
                   begins
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   has
                   no
                   more
                   green
                   left
                   ,
                   neither
                   towards
                   its
                   stalk
                   ,
                   nor
                   towards
                   its
                   Crown
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   be
                   permitted
                   so
                   to
                   speak
                   ,
                   it
                   requires
                   to
                   be
                   Eaten
                   greedily
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   a
                   chop
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   without
                   Ceremony
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   its
                   Coat
                   all
                   on
                   :
                   For
                   among
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Apples
                   that
                   are
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   none
                   that
                   have
                   so
                   sine
                   and
                   delicate
                   a
                   Skin
                   as
                   this
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   scarce
                   perceivable
                   in
                   the
                   Eating
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   contributes
                   so
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   agreeableness
                   found
                   in
                   these
                   Apples
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   would
                   be
                   to
                   impair
                   that
                   to
                   strip
                   them
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   This
                   Apple
                   lasts
                   from
                   December
                   till
                   March
                   and
                   April
                   ,
                   and
                   plays
                   its
                   part
                   wonderfully
                   well
                   in
                   all
                   Winter
                   Assemblies
                   ,
                   
                   whither
                   it
                   brings
                   no
                   disagreeable
                   smell
                   ,
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   a
                   certain
                   little
                   touch
                   of
                   a
                   most
                   delicious
                   perfume
                   in
                   a
                   pulp
                   extraordinary
                   fine
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   conclude
                   ,
                   it
                   commands
                   Esteem
                   where-ever
                   it
                   presents
                   its
                   self
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   of
                   great
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   may
                   be
                   commended
                   for
                   a
                   very
                   pretty
                   Apple
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   this
                   further
                   particular
                   advantage
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   never
                   wrinkles
                   nor
                   loses
                   its
                   Charming
                   Colour
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Violet-Apple
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Whitish
                   Colour'd
                   ground
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   speckled
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   
                   turned
                   from
                   the
                   Sim
                   ,
                   but
                   marked
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   striped
                   and
                   whipt
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   lovely
                   deep
                   Red
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   view
                   of
                   that
                   Luminary
                   :
                   The
                   Colour
                   of
                   its
                   pulp
                   is
                   very
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   self
                   very
                   fine
                   and
                   delicate
                   ,
                   having
                   a
                   juice
                   extremely
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   ,
                   leaving
                   no
                   Earthiness
                   or
                   Lees
                   behind
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   assuredly
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   admirable
                   Apple
                   
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   Eat
                   of
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   gathered
                   ,
                   and
                   continues
                   till
                   Christmas
                   ,
                   beyond
                   which
                   
                   time
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   reach
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   was
                   promised
                   a
                   Violet-Ice-Apple
                   pretended
                   to
                   be
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   last
                   longer
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   come
                   in
                   season
                   till
                   after
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   none
                   of
                   them
                   yet
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   indeed
                   
                   seen
                   one
                   they
                   called
                   the
                   
                     Black
                     Ice-Apple
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   and
                   shape
                   of
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Pippin
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   shining
                   Dark
                   Red
                   Colour
                   ,
                   except
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   not
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   has
                   little
                   or
                   no
                   Red
                   in
                   it
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   Apple
                   that
                   keeps
                   till
                   April
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   has
                   always
                   such
                   a
                   tang
                   of
                   a
                   Green
                   tast
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   disagreeable
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   given
                   me
                   little
                   stomach
                   to
                   multiply
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rambour
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   fair
                   large
                   Apple
                   ,
                   Green
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   whipt
                   with
                   Red
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   Eatable
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   August
                   comes
                   in
                   ,
                   but
                   lasts
                   but
                   a
                   
                   little
                   while
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   Baked
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   prepared
                   ,
                   and
                   requires
                   particularly
                   to
                   grow
                   on
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   little
                   
                     Paradise-Apple
                     Stocks
                  
                   being
                   too
                   weak
                   to
                   support
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Cousinottes
                   are
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Calvills
                   ,
                   which
                   keep
                   till
                   February
                   ;
                   their
                   Juice
                   is
                   very
                   sower
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Stalk
                   long
                   and
                   small
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Orgerans
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   hasty
                   and
                   backward
                   ones
                   ,
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   of
                   little
                   worth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Apple
                   which
                   is
                   formed
                   like
                   a
                   Star
                   ,
                   and
                   bears
                   that
                   Name
                   ,
                   is
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   keeps
                   
                   till
                   April
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   sowrish
                   and
                   hardish
                   ,
                   and
                   worth
                   no
                   great
                   matter
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Jerusalem-Apples
                   are
                   almost
                   Red
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   have
                   a
                   firm
                   pulp
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   little
                   tast
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   sugred
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   nothing
                   of
                   that
                   ill
                   smell
                   that
                   accompanies
                   most
                   
                   Apples
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Thick
                     English-Pearmains
                  
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   Colour
                   of
                   the
                   Jerusalem-Apples
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   flatter
                   ,
                   and
                   sweeter
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   sugred
                   :
                   The
                   English
                   make
                   greater
                   account
                   of
                   them
                   than
                   of
                   most
                   
                   of
                   our
                   French-Apples
                   :
                   They
                   likewise
                   mightily
                   esteem
                   another
                   sort
                   of
                   Apples
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   
                     Golden
                     Pippins
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   perfectly
                   the
                   Air
                   of
                   Paradise-Apples
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   other
                   Wild
                   Apples
                   :
                   They
                   are
                   very
                   Yellow
                   and
                   Round
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   Juice
                   which
                   is
                   pretty
                   
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   tasted
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   ill
                   smell
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Ice-Apples
                   are
                   so
                   called
                   ,
                   because
                   when
                   they
                   Ripen
                   ,
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   grow
                   transparent
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   really
                   so
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   altogether
                   Greenish
                   and
                   Whitish
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   no
                   great
                   
                   figure
                   among
                   any
                   truly
                   Curious
                   persons
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Francatu's
                   are
                   Red
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   Yellow
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   They
                   keep
                   a
                   great
                   while
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   's
                   their
                   principal
                   Excellency
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Haute-bonte's
                   ,
                   or
                   High-goodnesses
                   ,
                   are
                   White
                   ,
                   Horned
                   ,
                   and
                   Longish
                   ,
                   and
                   last
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   called
                   in
                   
                     Poiton
                     ,
                     Blandilalies
                  
                   :
                   Their
                   pulp
                   is
                   pretty
                   sweet
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   
                   touch
                   of
                   sharpness
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rouvezeau's
                   are
                   Whitish
                   ,
                   Coloured
                   with
                   Red.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Chesnut-Apples
                   ,
                   called
                   in
                   
                     Anjou
                     ,
                     Martranges
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   White
                   and
                   Russet
                   ,
                   Coloured
                   with
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Dirty
                   and
                   Dusky
                   Red.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Apple
                   without
                   flowering
                   ,
                   or
                   Flowerless
                   ,
                   or
                   Blossomless-Apple
                   ,
                   is
                   Green
                   ,
                   and
                   grows
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   just
                   as
                   Figs
                   do
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Fig-Tree
                   :
                   It
                   keeps
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   sometimes
                   called
                   a
                   Fig-Apple
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Petit-bon
                   ,
                   or
                   Little-good
                   ,
                   is
                   longish
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rose-Apple
                   extreamly
                   resembles
                   the
                   Apis
                   in
                   all
                   its
                   outside
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   my
                   taste
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   good
                   ,
                   whatsoever
                   the
                   curious
                   Gentry
                   about
                   the
                   Rhone
                   can
                   alledge
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   who
                   would
                   extoll
                   this
                   above
                   other
                   Apples
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   they
                   would
                   the
                   Cat-pear
                   above
                   other
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   all
                   the
                   Apples
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   reckon
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   know
                   ,
                   after
                   a
                   very
                   exact
                   Scrutiny
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   great
                   difference
                   among
                   them
                   in
                   goodness
                   ,
                   I
                   willingly
                   content
                   my self
                   with
                   the
                   seven
                   first
                   sorts
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   exprest
                   some
                   esteem
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   make
                   no
                   scruple
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   grafted
                   upon
                   
                     Paradise
                     Apple-stocks
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   shoots
                   forth
                   little
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   
                   produces
                   but
                   small
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   give
                   very
                   little
                   incumbrance
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   besides
                   ,
                   is
                   blest
                   with
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   producing
                   great
                   increase
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   it
                   very
                   considerable
                   to
                   our
                   curious
                   Gentlemen
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   added
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   equally
                   agrees
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Soils
                   ,
                   both
                   hot
                   and
                   cold
                   ,
                   dry
                   and
                   moist
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   use
                   often
                   to
                   place
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   between
                   all
                   the
                   Dwarf-Pear-trees
                   I
                   plant
                   about
                   every
                   Square
                   of
                   our
                   Kitchin-Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   I
                   set
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   at
                   a
                   pretty
                   
                   good
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   at
                   all
                   afraid
                   my
                   Apple-trees
                   should
                   defraud
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   of
                   their
                   nourishment
                   ,
                   because
                   these
                   latter
                   draw
                   theirs
                   a
                   good
                   depth
                   our
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ;
                   whereas
                   those
                   little
                   Apple-trees
                   which
                   need
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   content
                   themselves
                   with
                   licking
                   up
                   those
                   Superfluities
                   of
                   it
                   only
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   spending
                   themselves
                   towards
                   
                   the
                   Surface
                   ,
                   and
                   outward
                   Crust
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   By
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   these
                   little
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   the
                   convenience
                   to
                   allow
                   my self
                   almost
                   as
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   one
                   sort
                   of
                   Apples
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   since
                   these
                   little
                   Trees
                   are
                   agreeable
                   enough
                   to
                   the
                   sight
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   naturally
                   enough
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   produce
                   no
                   ill
                   effect
                   in
                   little
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   therefore
                   we
                   have
                   nothing
                   else
                   to
                   do
                   but
                   to
                   determine
                   what
                   kinds
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   
                   plant
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   number
                   of
                   each
                   kind
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   my
                   Method
                   with
                   them
                   ;
                   if
                   I
                   have
                   room
                   enough
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   considerable
                   number
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   from
                   fifty
                   ,
                   to
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   hundred
                   ;
                   I
                   plant
                   two
                   thirds
                   of
                   the
                   total
                   number
                   ,
                   of
                   these
                   four
                   sorts
                   ,
                   
                     Gray-pippins
                     ,
                     White-pippins
                     ,
                     Autumn-Calvills
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Apis-apples
                   ,
                   of
                   each
                   an
                   equal
                   number
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   remaining
                   third
                   part
                   ,
                   I
                   divide
                   it
                   into
                   three
                   portions
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   employ
                   in
                   Trees
                   of
                   these
                   three
                   other
                   kinds
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     Fennellets
                     ,
                     Cour-pendu's
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Violet-apples
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   proceeding
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   in
                   fifty
                   Apple-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   have
                   eight
                   
                     Gray
                     Pippintrees
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Pippins
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   Autumn-Calvills
                   ,
                   eight
                   Apis
                   ,
                   six
                   Fennelets
                   ,
                   six
                   Cour-pendu's
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   Violet-apples
                   .
                   In
                   a
                   hundred
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   have
                   sixteen
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   first
                   principal
                   sorts
                   ,
                   and
                   twelve
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   three
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   proportionably
                   in
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   two
                   hundred
                   .
                   But
                   when
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   occasion
                   to
                   plant
                   three
                   ,
                   four
                   ,
                   or
                   five
                   hundred
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   mix
                   with
                   them
                   a
                   twelfth
                   part
                   composed
                   of
                   Summer-Calvills
                   and
                   Rambours
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   at
                   that
                   rate
                   ,
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   in
                   three
                   hundred
                   Apples
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Summer-Calvills
                   ,
                   and
                   twelve
                   Rambours
                   ,
                   with
                   fourty
                   three
                   Gray-pippins
                   ,
                   fourty
                   three
                   
                     White
                     pippins
                  
                   ,
                   fourty
                   three
                   Autumn-Calvills
                   ,
                   fourty
                   three
                   Apis
                   ,
                   thirty
                   two
                   Fennellets
                   ,
                   thirty
                   two
                   Cour-pendu's
                   ,
                   and
                   thirty
                   two
                   Violet-apples
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   forwards
                   in
                   greater
                   numbers
                   of
                   each
                   sort
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Proportion
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   any
                   curious
                   Person
                   be
                   minded
                   to
                   add
                   besides
                   ,
                   some
                   other
                   Apples
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   some
                   
                     Jerusalem
                     Petit-bons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Little-goods
                     ,
                     Chestnut-apples
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   he
                   may
                   do
                   his
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   taste
                   ,
                   these
                   others
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   good
                   as
                   those
                   seven
                   kinds
                   which
                   I
                   here
                   preferr
                   before
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   remains
                   but
                   one
                   difficulty
                   more
                   to
                   clear
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   direct
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   
                   in
                   very
                   little
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   freely
                   counsel
                   that
                   some
                   little
                   Apple-trees
                   be
                   planted
                   ;
                   there
                   needs
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   little
                   room
                   to
                   place
                   half
                   a
                   dozen
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   whole
                   dozen
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   without
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Company
                   of
                   any
                   Pear-trees
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   harming
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   little
                   Plants
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   should
                   grow
                   under
                   them
                   .
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   plant
                   but
                   six
                   or
                   twelve
                   Apis
                   ,
                   which
                   when
                   loaden
                   with
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   very
                   pretty
                   ornament
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   were
                   room
                   to
                   place
                   two
                   dozen
                   ,
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   eight
                   Apis
                   ,
                   eight
                   Autumn-Calvills
                   ,
                   and
                   eight
                   Cour-pendu's
                   ;
                   if
                   there
                   were
                   occasion
                   for
                   fourty
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   parted
                   among
                   those
                   three
                   above-said
                   kinds
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Fennellet
                   ,
                   and
                   Violet-Apples
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   still
                   eight
                   of
                   each
                   sort
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   hardly
                   plant
                   any
                   Pippins
                   at
                   all
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   so
                   easy
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   every
                   where
                   for
                   Money
                   ,
                   and
                   Peoples
                   curiosity
                   leading
                   them
                   to
                   covet
                   the
                   other
                   sorts
                   rather
                   than
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Dwarf-Apple-trees
                   grafted
                   on
                   Crab-stocks
                   ,
                   are
                   hard
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   produce
                   
                   too
                   unsightly
                   and
                   cumbersome
                   tops
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   ungovernable
                   to
                   be
                   reduced
                   to
                   a
                   middle-siz'd
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   require
                   a
                   great
                   extent
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   much
                   better
                   to
                   have
                   great
                   
                     Standard
                     Apple-trees
                  
                   in
                   separate
                   Orchards
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   spread
                   into
                   tops
                   sometimes
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   Diameter
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   they
                   require
                   to
                   be
                   placed
                   at
                   a
                   great
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   about
                   sixteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   yards
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   so
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   continue
                   long
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   nor
                   consequently
                   to
                   pleasure
                   us
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   most
                   especially
                   needful
                   to
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   those
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Autumn-Calvills
                     ,
                     Pippins
                  
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   ,
                   
                     Rambours
                     ,
                     Francatu's
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   then
                   Gentlemen
                   may
                   plant
                   as
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   have
                   occasion
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   treated
                   of
                   both
                   Pear-trees
                   and
                   Apple-trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   figure
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   Standards
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   pertinent
                   to
                   discourse
                   next
                   of
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Stone-fruit
                   that
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   prospering
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   one
                   or
                   the
                   other
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Figures
                   ,
                   before
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Wall-trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     best
                     use
                     of
                     the
                     Walls
                     in
                     every
                     Garden
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AMong
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-gardens
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   treat
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   entirely
                   
                   enclosed
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   with
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   but
                   in
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   again
                   that
                   are
                   without
                   any
                   at
                   all
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   these
                   last
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   nothing
                   to
                   do
                   nor
                   say
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   pity
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   wish
                   them
                   better
                   fortune
                   ;
                   the
                   condition
                   of
                   the
                   Gardens
                   
                   we
                   have
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   ,
                   for
                   many
                   good
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   requiring
                   to
                   be
                   walled
                   quite
                   about
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   sort
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   three
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   not
                   possible
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   fewer
                   ,
                   and
                   regularly
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   four
                   ,
                   those
                   which
                   have
                   but
                   three
                   ,
                   are
                   Gardens
                   
                   that
                   are
                   Triangular
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   pretty
                   rare
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   a
                   cramped
                   and
                   forced
                   figure
                   ,
                   which
                   people
                   strive
                   to
                   avoid
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   they
                   can
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   four
                   Walls
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   Square
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   commonest
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   fairest
                   and
                   most
                   convenient
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   indeed
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   Pentagonal
                   and
                   Hexagonal
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   disagreeable
                   for
                   the
                   planting
                   of
                   Wall-trees
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   make
                   no
                   great
                   account
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   attended
                   with
                   many
                   inconveniences
                   ,
                   and
                   perplex
                   Gardeners
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   thereby
                   hindred
                   from
                   forming
                   any
                   fair
                   and
                   sightly
                   Squares
                   in
                   their
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   makes
                   me
                   have
                   little
                   Stomach
                   to
                   speak
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   their
                   favour
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   it
                   costs
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   more
                   to
                   make
                   Gardens
                   of
                   those
                   unusual
                   Figures
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   simply
                   and
                   plainly
                   square
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   when
                   all
                   's
                   done
                   ,
                   though
                   such
                   Figures
                   may
                   have
                   more
                   Walls
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   can
                   have
                   no
                   more
                   distinct
                   Expositions
                   than
                   a
                   plain
                   square
                   ,
                   for
                   let
                   us
                   do
                   the
                   best
                   we
                   can
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   by
                   any
                   variation
                   of
                   Figure
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   invented
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   more
                   than
                   four
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Expositions
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   North.
                   This
                   is
                   a
                   truth
                   that
                   needs
                   no
                   proof
                   ,
                   since
                   no
                   Body
                   can
                   call
                   it
                   into
                   Doubt
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   in
                   Terms
                   of
                   Gardening
                   ,
                   we
                   call
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   every
                   Wall
                   that
                   enjoys
                   the
                   Aspect
                   and
                   kindly
                   reflection
                   of
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   during
                   a
                   certain
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   in
                   
                   a
                   different
                   manner
                   from
                   another
                   Wall
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   position
                   .
                   Thus
                   we
                   call
                   an
                   
                     Easterly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   Wall
                   that
                   is
                   eyed
                   by
                   the
                   Sun
                   the
                   first
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   Day
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                   from
                   its
                   Rising
                   till
                   Noon
                   ,
                   at
                   what
                   hour
                   soever
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   rise
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   
                     Westerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   shone
                   upon
                   the
                   second
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   Day
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   which
                   begins
                   to
                   be
                   shone
                   upon
                   immediately
                   after
                   Noon
                   ,
                   and
                   continues
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   till
                   Sun-setting
                   .
                   And
                   we
                   style
                   that
                   a
                   
                     Southerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   beginning
                   in
                   Summer
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   comfortable
                   smiles
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   soon
                   after
                   his
                   rising
                   is
                   not
                   totally
                   deprived
                   of
                   them
                   till
                   he
                   be
                   almost
                   ready
                   to
                   disappear
                   from
                   among
                   us
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   not
                   till
                   he
                   be
                   actually
                   out
                   of
                   sight
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   speak
                   more
                   generally
                   ,
                   we
                   call
                   that
                   a
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   it self
                   alone
                   constantly
                   shone
                   upon
                   longer
                   than
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   former
                   taken
                   separately
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Gardens
                   so
                   advantageously
                   turned
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   Walls
                   is
                   almost
                   the
                   whole
                   day
                   cherished
                   by
                   the
                   Sun-Beams
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   express
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   what
                   sorts
                   of
                   Expositions
                   I
                   affect
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   counsel
                   others
                   to
                   affect
                   too
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   as
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   whole
                   piece
                   of
                   Cloath
                   to
                   cut
                   out
                   as
                   they
                   list
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   contriving
                   themselves
                   both
                   a
                   fair
                   and
                   good
                   Garden
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Happiness
                   ,
                   not
                   very
                   ordinarily
                   to
                   be
                   met
                   with
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   great
                   Cities
                   ,
                   where
                   Gentlemen
                   are
                   under
                   a
                   thousand
                   Subjections
                   to
                   their
                   Houses
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   their
                   Gardens
                   are
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   which
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   accommodated
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   are
                   such
                   Subjections
                   from
                   which
                   they
                   can
                   hardly
                   ever
                   exempt
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   all
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   about
                   the
                   three
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   hard
                   matter
                   to
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   unhappy
                   
                     Northerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   enjoys
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   only
                   during
                   that
                   little
                   time
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Southerly
                   one
                   has
                   him
                   not
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Sun
                   cannot
                   shine
                   upon
                   two
                   Walls
                   directly
                   opposite
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   .
                   The
                   Portion
                   of
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   then
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   enjoy
                   from
                   the
                   Equinox
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   September
                   ,
                   the
                   earliest
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   that
                   appear
                   above
                   our
                   Horizon
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   shone
                   upon
                   betimes
                   in
                   the
                   Morning
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   sometimes
                   for
                   an
                   hour
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   for
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   but
                   sometimes
                   they
                   run
                   the
                   danger
                   of
                   having
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   short
                   view
                   of
                   him
                   towards
                   Evening
                   ;
                   nay
                   and
                   very
                   often
                   ,
                   of
                   having
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   this
                   Explication
                   of
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Wall
                   that
                   has
                   not
                   as
                   least
                   some
                   little
                   glance
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   once
                   a
                   day
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   a
                   favour
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   counted
                   for
                   something
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   this
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   mistake
                   not
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   proper
                   place
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   ought
                   to
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   never
                   begins
                   to
                   shine
                   upon
                   one
                   Wall
                   ,
                   but
                   he
                   shines
                   upon
                   two
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   they
                   are
                   those
                   that
                   concurr
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   common
                   Angle
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   two
                   joyn
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   shone
                   upon
                   ;
                   thus
                   when
                   he
                   rises
                   ,
                   he
                   ordinarily
                   shines
                   at
                   once
                   upon
                   the
                   Northern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Eastern
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   ever
                   the
                   progress
                   of
                   his
                   Course
                   ,
                   carries
                   him
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   He
                   insensibly
                   extends
                   his
                   Beams
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   yet
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   for
                   a
                   good
                   while
                   after
                   to
                   quit
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   but
                   shining
                   upon
                   both
                   at
                   once
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   also
                   he
                   leaves
                   not
                   off
                   shining
                   on
                   the
                   Eastern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   advance
                   himself
                   by
                   little
                   and
                   little
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Western
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   continue
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   while
                   his
                   favourable
                   Aspect
                   to
                   the
                   Southerly
                   Wall
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   those
                   two
                   Walls
                   are
                   likewise
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   gratified
                   with
                   his
                   cheering
                   Rays
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   every
                   day
                   begins
                   and
                   ends
                   that
                   glorious
                   progress
                   and
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   which
                   causes
                   the
                   fertility
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Joy
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   Mankind
                   :
                   But
                   he
                   finishes
                   it
                   not
                   however
                   ,
                   without
                   scattering
                   some
                   small
                   Remains
                   of
                   his
                   last
                   Melancholy
                   and
                   Expiring
                   Splendour
                   upon
                   the
                   poor
                   Northern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   he
                   gives
                   it
                   a
                   slight
                   visit
                   in
                   passing
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   properly
                   ,
                   he
                   only
                   glances
                   lightly
                   by
                   it
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   got
                   beyond
                   the
                   reach
                   of
                   its
                   Southern
                   Opposite
                   .
                   Any
                   two
                   Walls
                   that
                   are
                   diametrically
                   opposite
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   are
                   never
                   shone
                   upon
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   just
                   in
                   the
                   moment
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   passing
                   from
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   for
                   then
                   that
                   great
                   Torch
                   
                   which
                   is
                   always
                   advancing
                   with
                   an
                   unconceivable
                   Rapidity
                   ,
                   appears
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   stopt
                   ,
                   and
                   sixt
                   ,
                   though
                   he
                   really
                   be
                   not
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   truly
                   said
                   to
                   view
                   three
                   different
                   Expositions
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   being
                   only
                   just
                   as
                   he
                   is
                   going
                   to
                   quit
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   three
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   had
                   thitherto
                   continued
                   the
                   longest
                   looks
                   towards
                   ,
                   and
                   beginning
                   to
                   turn
                   his
                   Countenance
                   towards
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   directly
                   opposite
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   of
                   any
                   long
                   duration
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   suppose
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   neither
                   any
                   tall
                   Trees
                   nor
                   high
                   Walls
                   ,
                   nor
                   neighbouring
                   Houses
                   that
                   may
                   obstruct
                   the
                   reflexion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   's
                   light
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Expositions
                   we
                   are
                   examining
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   we
                   shall
                   never
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   lay
                   down
                   any
                   thing
                   positive
                   for
                   the
                   instructions
                   we
                   intend
                   to
                   sub●oyn
                   about
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   thus
                   explained
                   what
                   we
                   mean
                   in
                   terms
                   of
                   Gardening
                   ,
                   by
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   any
                   Person
                   may
                   easily
                   judge
                   of
                   those
                   he
                   has
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   Garden
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   walled
                   quite
                   about
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   in
                   part
                   ;
                   as
                   we
                   see
                   in
                   those
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   closed
                   on
                   some
                   sides
                   only
                   with
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   Ditches
                   ,
                   or
                   quick
                   Hedges
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   though
                   I
                   were
                   informed
                   of
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   the
                   surface
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   would
                   not
                   enable
                   me
                   to
                   calculate
                   any
                   thing
                   near
                   what
                   extent
                   of
                   walling
                   it
                   will
                   take
                   up
                   .
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   though
                   an
                   Arpent
                   or
                   Acre
                   of
                   Paris
                   Measure
                   ,
                   contains
                   nine
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Superficies
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Superficies
                   may
                   be
                   reduced
                   to
                   a
                   perfect
                   
                   Square
                   of
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   every
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   such
                   an
                   Arpent
                   or
                   Acre
                   will
                   contain
                   but
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   Compass
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   sixty
                   Yards
                   for
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   as
                   little
                   Walling
                   as
                   a
                   
                     Paris
                     Acre
                  
                   of
                   Ground
                   can
                   have
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   such
                   Acres
                   may
                   also
                   have
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   thirty
                   ,
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   ,
                   two
                   hundred
                   ,
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighteen
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   as
                   many
                   as
                   three
                   hundred
                   and
                   
                   twelve
                   Fathoms
                   Circumference
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   ;
                   which
                   will
                   happen
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   occasion
                   there
                   be
                   supposed
                   two
                   large
                   sides
                   of
                   forty
                   five
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   lesser
                   ones
                   each
                   of
                   twenty
                   ;
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   there
                   be
                   two
                   long
                   sides
                   of
                   sixty
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   shorter
                   ones
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ;
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   there
                   be
                   two
                   long
                   sides
                   of
                   fourscore
                   and
                   ten
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   shorter
                   ones
                   of
                   ten
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ;
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   Fourth
                   ,
                   supposed
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Triangular
                   enclosure
                   ,
                   there
                   be
                   two
                   sides
                   of
                   one
                   hundred
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   short
                   one
                   of
                   eighteen
                   .
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   fifth
                   ,
                   this
                   Acre
                   have
                   two
                   long
                   sides
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   short
                   ones
                   of
                   Six
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   indeed
                   would
                   make
                   a
                   very
                   odd
                   conceited
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   ridiculous
                   enough
                   .
                   But
                   however
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   may
                   possibly
                   happen
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   can
                   truly
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   cannot
                   exactly
                   calculate
                   what
                   quantity
                   of
                   Walling
                   every
                   piece
                   of
                   Ground
                   will
                   require
                   for
                   its
                   entire
                   enclosure
                   ,
                   since
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   just
                   now
                   shewed
                   you
                   ,
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   quantity
                   of
                   Superficies
                   may
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   more
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Land.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   pleasant
                   enough
                   to
                   see
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   a
                   Square
                   have
                   two
                   hundred
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                   Walling
                   in
                   its
                   Circumference
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   be
                   minded
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   separate
                   inclosure
                   of
                   the
                   quarter
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   the
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   square
                   ,
                   that
                   quarter
                   will
                   take
                   up
                   one
                   hundred
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   half
                   will
                   take
                   up
                   one
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   three
                   quarters
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ;
                   Geometry
                   satisfies
                   us
                   with
                   good
                   Reasons
                   for
                   all
                   those
                   differences
                   ,
                   which
                   belonging
                   not
                   to
                   my
                   subject
                   ,
                   I
                   omit
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   I
                   shall
                   not
                   define
                   what
                   Circumference
                   a
                   Garden
                   may
                   have
                   ,
                   nor
                   what
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   cannot
                   ,
                   but
                   shall
                   only
                   tell
                   you
                   how
                   many
                   Trees
                   each
                   Exposition
                   may
                   
                   admit
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   two
                   things
                   ,
                   viz.
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   Trees
                   it
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   nourish
                   ,
                   the
                   contrary
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   lean
                   and
                   barren
                   ;
                   likewise
                   the
                   higher
                   the
                   Walls
                   are
                   the
                   greater
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   may
                   be
                   applyed
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   place
                   them
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   nearer
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   order
                   them
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   between
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   reserve
                   to
                   garnish
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   always
                   one
                   to
                   shoot
                   up
                   and
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   the
                   upper
                   and
                   lower
                   parts
                   of
                   our
                   Fruit-Walls
                   may
                   be
                   both
                   garnished
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   yield
                   us
                   Fruit
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   greater
                   quantity
                   .
                   The
                   contrary
                   is
                   likewise
                   true
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Walls
                   that
                   
                   are
                   low
                   ,
                   always
                   considering
                   withal
                   ,
                   the
                   quality
                   of
                   the
                   Soil
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   lower
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   further
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   placed
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   very
                   distances
                   must
                   still
                   be
                   more
                   enlarged
                   when
                   the
                   ground
                   is
                   very
                   rich
                   ,
                   than
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   but
                   indifferently
                   qualified
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   here
                   it
                   is
                   needful
                   to
                   explain
                   and
                   make
                   you
                   understand
                   the
                   following
                   Truth
                   which
                   
                   seems
                   a
                   little
                   Paradoxical
                   :
                   Our
                   design
                   in
                   Planting
                   Wall-Trees
                   is
                   indeed
                   to
                   have
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   fairer
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   more
                   chiefly
                   ,
                   to
                   secure
                   the
                   greater
                   store
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   Trees
                   do
                   not
                   infallibly
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   upon
                   feeble
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   no
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   our
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   unless
                   we
                   contrive
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   some
                   feeble
                   Branches
                   on
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   if
                   the
                   Trees
                   he
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   commonly
                   in
                   good
                   Soils
                   ,
                   they
                   cannot
                   produce
                   any
                   feeble
                   Branches
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   allowed
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   room
                   to
                   spread
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   fit
                   to
                   bear
                   ;
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   supposing
                   they
                   be
                   Planted
                   too
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Walls
                   be
                   not
                   high
                   enough
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   necessarily
                   be
                   Pruned
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   they
                   will
                   shoot
                   above
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   cease
                   to
                   be
                   Wall-Trees
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   they
                   will
                   so
                   intangle
                   their
                   Branches
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   very
                   disagreeable
                   confusion
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   as
                   will
                   prove
                   as
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   cut
                   too
                   short
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   then
                   they
                   be
                   Curbed
                   in
                   that
                   manner
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   leave
                   them
                   not
                   Branches
                   of
                   some
                   reasonable
                   thickness
                   and
                   length
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   young
                   shoots
                   they
                   will
                   produce
                   will
                   be
                   always
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   thick
                   ones
                   bear
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   good
                   Trees
                   Planted
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   ground
                   will
                   bear
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   through
                   the
                   Gard'ner's
                   fault
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   it
                   follows
                   by
                   an
                   undoubted
                   consequence
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   good
                   Soils
                   ,
                   whose
                   Walls
                   are
                   but
                   low
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   allow
                   very
                   considerable
                   distances
                   between
                   Tree
                   and
                   Tree
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   would
                   pretend
                   any
                   store
                   of
                   fair
                   Fruit
                   from
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Walls
                   are
                   higher
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   Trees
                   nearer
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   shewed
                   ;
                   now
                   I
                   shall
                   proceed
                   to
                   tell
                   you
                   what
                   is
                   my
                   Advice
                   concerning
                   the
                   Measure
                   and
                   Regulation
                   of
                   those
                   Distances
                   .
                
                 
                   My
                   Judgment
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Walls
                   of
                   inclosure
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   less
                   than
                   Seven
                   or
                   
                   Eight
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   security
                   against
                   Robbing
                   and
                   Spoiling
                   to
                   be
                   apprehended
                   from
                   abroad
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   advancing
                   and
                   improving
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Wall-Trees
                   :
                   I
                   likewise
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   convenient
                   to
                   desire
                   Walls
                   of
                   above
                   Fifteen
                   or
                   Sixteen
                   Foot
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   the
                   highest
                   Walls
                   are
                   ordinarily
                   the
                   worst
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   cast
                   long
                   shadows
                   of
                   pernicious
                   influence
                   to
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   we
                   shall
                   endeavour
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   Soils
                   a
                   little
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   pretty
                   hot
                   Climates
                   .
                
                 
                   By
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   newly
                   said
                   about
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   Walls
                   ,
                   it
                   appears
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   little
                   
                   value
                   for
                   those
                   Leaning-Walls
                   to
                   pretend
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   Fruit-Walls
                   for
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Apricocks
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   but
                   they
                   may
                   serve
                   for
                   something
                   else
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   shew
                   afterwards
                   :
                   It
                   likewise
                   appears
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   much
                   approve
                   the
                   extraordinary
                   heighths
                   of
                   some
                   topping
                   Walls
                   of
                   Houses
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Churches
                   ,
                   though
                   I
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   very
                   advantageously
                   when
                   I
                   meet
                   with
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   or
                   South
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   particularly
                   to
                   raise
                   Figs
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   as
                   they
                   love
                   nothing
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   heat
                   and
                   shelter
                   ,
                   so
                   they
                   apprehend
                   nothing
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Cold
                   Winds
                   and
                   Scabbiness
                   ;
                   and
                   
                     High
                     Walls
                  
                   are
                   very
                   proper
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   do
                   them
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   they
                   need
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   defend
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   Mischiefs
                   which
                   attack
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   here
                   so
                   much
                   extoll
                   the
                   Conveniences
                   of
                   the
                   
                     High
                     Walls
                  
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   South
                   Quarters
                   ,
                   I
                   suppose
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   Climates
                   where
                   the
                   Heat
                   is
                   but
                   small
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   very
                   moderate
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   hot
                   and
                   burning
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   our
                   Provence
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Spain
                   ,
                   and
                   Italy
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   exceed
                   them
                   still
                   in
                   heat
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   Countries
                   that
                   lie
                   nearer
                   the
                   Line
                   ,
                   in
                   those
                   Climates
                   ,
                   such
                   Walls
                   are
                   as
                   formidable
                   and
                   pernicious
                   to
                   Fruits
                   which
                   do
                   but
                   broil
                   and
                   cleave
                   or
                   chap
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   Trees
                   which
                   they
                   dry
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   kill
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Walls
                  
                   are
                   uneasie
                   ,
                   and
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   ripening
                   of
                   Fruits
                   in
                   other
                   places
                   that
                   offend
                   in
                   want
                   of
                   Heat
                   ,
                   and
                   excess
                   of
                   Moisture
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Distances
                     to
                     be
                     observed
                     between
                     Wall-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   BEfore
                   I
                   proceed
                   to
                   Regulate
                   the
                   Measures
                   of
                   the
                   Distances
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   the
                   placing
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Planted
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   because
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   that
                   require
                   very
                   different
                   Distances
                   from
                   others
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   
                   the
                   better
                   understanding
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   deliver
                   upon
                   that
                   subject
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   I
                   should
                   first
                   examine
                   what
                   Fruits
                   really
                   deserve
                   admittance
                   to
                   this
                   choice
                   situation
                   ;
                   and
                   secondly
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   unworthy
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   excluded
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   sort
                   are
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   kinds
                   of
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward-Cherries
                   ;
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Apricocks
                   are
                   also
                   of
                   that
                   number
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   Azerolls
                   ,
                   or
                   Garden-Haws
                   .
                   I
                   speak
                   expressly
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   kinds
                   of
                   every
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   admit
                   not
                   indifferently
                   to
                   the
                   Privilege
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   then
                   secondly
                   ,
                   those
                   which
                   ordinarily
                   are
                   excluded
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Apples
                     ,
                     Mulberries
                     ,
                     Almonds
                  
                   ,
                   ordinary
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Agriots
                     ,
                     Bigarros
                     ,
                     Quinces
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   know
                   not
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   dispose
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   resolve
                   out
                   of
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   superfluous
                   places
                   of
                   it
                   with
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   that
                   have
                   rank
                   and
                   place
                   among
                   Wall-Fruits
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   require
                   the
                   least
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   are
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   they
                   contenting
                   themselves
                   every
                   
                   where
                   with
                   Two
                   Feet
                   ,
                   or
                   Two
                   Feet
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   distance
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   no
                   difficulty
                   in
                   regulating
                   their
                   distances
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   ordering
                   that
                   of
                   other
                   Fruits
                   .
                   Those
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   allowed
                   good
                   large
                   distances
                   ,
                   are
                   Peaches
                   and
                   
                     Plums
                     :
                     Pears
                  
                   need
                   not
                   quite
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   nor
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward-Cherries
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Apricock
                   and
                   Fig-trees
                   commonly
                   require
                   greater
                   than
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   shoot
                   
                   forth
                   very
                   thick
                   Branches
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   dangerous
                   to
                   cut
                   too
                   short
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   latter
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   little
                   subject
                   to
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   shoot
                   up
                   mightily
                   in
                   their
                   stock
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   have
                   need
                   of
                   a
                   considerable
                   extent
                   of
                   room
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   they
                   will
                   hardly
                   bring
                   any
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   To
                   treat
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   with
                   the
                   more
                   Order
                   and
                   Brevity
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   divide
                   them
                   into
                   Two
                   
                   Classes
                   ,
                   One
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   commonly
                   take
                   up
                   more
                   room
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   the
                   First
                   Class
                   ;
                   and
                   another
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   take
                   up
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   the
                   Second
                   .
                   The
                   First
                   Class
                   comprehends
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Apricocks
                   ;
                   the
                   Second
                   comprises
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Hasty
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward-Cherries
                   ,
                   and
                   Azerolls
                   ,
                   or
                   Garden-Haws
                   :
                   Which
                   Two
                   Classes
                   must
                   be
                   well
                   observed
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   full
                   understanding
                   of
                   my
                   Distinctions
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   principal
                   things
                   that
                   must
                   Regulate
                   all
                   our
                   Distances
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   heighth
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   or
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Soil
                   .
                   And
                   accordingly
                   ,
                   my
                   Custom
                   is
                   to
                   order
                   them
                   in
                   this
                   following
                   manner
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   my
                   abovesaid
                   supposition
                   of
                   Two
                   Classes
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Against
                   Walls
                   that
                   are
                   about
                   Seven
                   or
                   Eight
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Ground
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Soil
                   fresh
                   and
                   hearty
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   many
                   places
                   ,
                   I
                   place
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   First
                   Class
                   at
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   at
                   Nine
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   Soil
                   be
                   but
                   indifferently
                   qualified
                   ,
                   I
                   place
                   the
                   First
                   at
                   Eight
                   or
                   Nine
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   at
                   Seven
                   or
                   Eight
                   Foot
                   distance
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   distance
                   of
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   surprises
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   raw
                   and
                   unexperienced
                   in
                   these
                   
                   Curiosities
                   ,
                   who
                   has
                   not
                   many
                   Walls
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   ;
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   that
                   has
                   but
                   Threescore
                   or
                   Fourscore
                   Yards
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   sees
                   himself
                   confined
                   to
                   Plant
                   but
                   Fifteen
                   or
                   Twenty
                   Trees
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   he
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   fear
                   two
                   things
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   shall
                   hardly
                   ever
                   see
                   his
                   Walls
                   well
                   garnish'd
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   shall
                   as
                   hardly
                   ever
                   
                   have
                   much
                   Fruit
                   :
                   But
                   besides
                   the
                   inconveniences
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   shewn
                   ,
                   arise
                   from
                   Planting
                   Trees
                   too
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   regard
                   of
                   the
                   Barrenness
                   it
                   causes
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   greater
                   trouble
                   it
                   gives
                   for
                   their
                   Cultivation
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   besides
                   this
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   confidently
                   expect
                   ,
                   that
                   Trees
                   Planted
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Soil
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   brisk
                   ,
                   and
                   easily
                   shoot
                   forth
                   every
                   Year
                   several
                   young
                   Branches
                   of
                   Four
                   or
                   Five
                   Foot
                   long
                   apiece
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   so
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   that
                   rate
                   ,
                   being
                   Planted
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Soil
                   ,
                   and
                   against
                   Walls
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   small
                   heighth
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   consequence
                   makes
                   round
                   about
                   them
                   ,
                   about
                   Six
                   Foot
                   for
                   each
                   Tree
                   to
                   Garnish
                   as
                   well
                   upwards
                   as
                   on
                   each
                   side
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   such
                   Trees
                   I
                   say
                   will
                   certainly
                   in
                   few
                   Years
                   come
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   will
                   not
                   leave
                   the
                   spaces
                   between
                   them
                   long
                   void
                   :
                   And
                   so
                   this
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   speedy
                   Remedy
                   against
                   the
                   Gentleman's
                   first
                   fear
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Remedy
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   He
                   may
                   venture
                   to
                   plant
                   double
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   I
                   have
                   before
                   limitted
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   like
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   that
                   Charge
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   my
                   abovesaid
                   advice
                   which
                   is
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   place
                   them
                   at
                   the
                   distances
                   of
                   Six
                   Foot
                   ,
                   to
                   please
                   his
                   Eye
                   with
                   seeing
                   his
                   Wall
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   sooner
                   garnished
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   upon
                   condition
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Three
                   or
                   Four
                   Years
                   ,
                   when
                   those
                   Trees
                   shall
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   condition
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   act
                   their
                   parts
                   well
                   in
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   to
                   recompense
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   the
                   nourishment
                   they
                   have
                   consumed
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   pains
                   they
                   have
                   cost
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   upon
                   this
                   condition
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Gentleman
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   temper
                   at
                   the
                   expiration
                   of
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   willing
                   for
                   securing
                   the
                   flourishing
                   condition
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   the
                   superfluous
                   half
                   ,
                   by
                   
                   plucking
                   them
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   throwing
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   Fire
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   putting
                   fresh
                   Molds
                   about
                   those
                   left
                   to
                   grow
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   Earth
                   which
                   the
                   unfortunate
                   condemned
                   Trees
                   have
                   so
                   unusefully
                   exhausted
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   must
                   necessarily
                   proceed
                   to
                   that
                   extremity
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   he
                   must
                   lay
                   aside
                   all
                   hopes
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   And
                   methinks
                   people
                   are
                   but
                   too
                   apt
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   expedient
                   when
                   they
                   begin
                   their
                   Plantations
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   earnest
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   most
                   of
                   any
                   thing
                   tickles
                   the
                   Fancy
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   reckon
                   upon
                   their
                   store
                   of
                   Fruit
                   from
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   find
                   few
                   that
                   can
                   find
                   in
                   their
                   hearts
                   to
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Execution
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   requires
                   it
                   is
                   come
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   by
                   that
                   imprudent
                   and
                   unseasonable
                   pity
                   ,
                   they
                   infallibly
                   fall
                   into
                   those
                   Inconveniences
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   mentioned
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   surest
                   way
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   any
                   such
                   unprofitable
                   Expences
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   give
                   our selves
                   such
                   occasions
                   to
                   have
                   those
                   Combats
                   afterwards
                   within
                   our selves
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   Counsel
                   Gentlemen
                   rather
                   to
                   follow
                   the
                   Advice
                   I
                   propose
                   in
                   observing
                   the
                   distances
                   I
                   prescribe
                   between
                   Trees
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   special
                   good
                   Soils
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   planting
                   our
                   Trees
                   by
                   Walls
                   of
                   Nine
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   let
                   us
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   the
                   ground
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   before
                   supposed
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   distances
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Class
                   shall
                   be
                   proportioned
                   at
                   Nine
                   or
                   Ten
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   at
                   Seven
                   or
                   Eight
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   ground
                   be
                   not
                   very
                   good
                   ,
                   Eight
                   Foot
                   will
                   suffice
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   Seven
                   for
                   the
                   second
                   :
                   Where
                   Note
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   tho'
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   a
                   Foot
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   distance
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   seems
                   no
                   great
                   matter
                   ,
                   yet
                   is
                   it
                   of
                   very
                   considerable
                   influence
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   success
                   of
                   a
                   
                     Wall
                     Plantation
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Wall
                   reach
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   Eleven
                   or
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                   ground
                   be
                   full
                   as
                   good
                   as
                   we
                   desire
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   plant
                   the
                   Trees
                   half
                   as
                   near
                   again
                   as
                   by
                   the
                   Walls
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   all
                   along
                   ,
                   that
                   between
                   every
                   Two
                   Trees
                   of
                   indifferent
                   Stature
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   managed
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   garnish
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   there
                   be
                   one
                   which
                   may
                   shoot
                   up
                   and
                   garnish
                   it
                   above
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   purpose
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   true
                   Standard-kind
                   ,
                   which
                   prove
                   very
                   useful
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     Apricock-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   for
                   Peach
                   and
                   Plum-Trees
                   too
                   ,
                   tho'
                   for
                   these
                   two
                   last
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   do
                   well
                   enough
                   without
                   them
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   Trees
                   that
                   commonly
                   in
                   little
                   time
                   put
                   forth
                   shoots
                   big
                   enough
                   to
                   form
                   very
                   fine
                   Stemms
                   or
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   fit
                   to
                   mount
                   up
                   and
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Walls
                   .
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   then
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Walls
                   are
                   very
                   high
                   ,
                   I
                   add
                   as
                   many
                   Trees
                   more
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Soil
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   place
                   them
                   at
                   about
                   Six
                   Foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   but
                   indifferently
                   qualified
                   ,
                   I
                   reduce
                   their
                   distances
                   to
                   Four
                   or
                   Five
                   Foot
                   ,
                   making
                   my
                   account
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   ,
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   those
                   taller
                   Trees
                   will
                   garnish
                   about
                   Five
                   or
                   Six
                   Foot
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   on
                   each
                   side
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   will
                   easily
                   do
                   ,
                   provided
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Seven
                   or
                   Eight
                   Years
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   perceive
                   their
                   vigour
                   flag
                   ,
                   care
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   put
                   a
                   little
                   fresh
                   Mold
                   between
                   every
                   Couple
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   restore
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   repair
                   that
                   heart
                   in
                   the
                   ground
                   which
                   so
                   many
                   Roots
                   may
                   have
                   exhausted
                   ,
                   or
                   brought
                   low
                   ;
                   but
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   we
                   perceive
                   no
                   change
                   in
                   the
                   Trees
                   to
                   the
                   Worse
                   ,
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   trouble
                   our selves
                   to
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   Advertise
                   you
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   things
                   that
                   most
                   displeases
                   me
                   in
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   
                     Vines
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Stone
                     Fruit
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Kernel
                     Fruit
                  
                   ,
                   interlaced
                   Pell-mell
                   one
                   among
                   another
                   against
                   one
                   Wall
                   ;
                   I
                   thinking
                   it
                   much
                   more
                   convenient
                   to
                   place
                   every
                   Kind
                   in
                   a
                   separate
                   quarter
                   by
                   themselves
                   ;
                   so
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   one
                   good
                   Wall
                   might
                   be
                   only
                   for
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   for
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   the
                   mixture
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   much
                   condemn
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   being
                   more
                   subject
                   to
                   perish
                   and
                   die
                   ,
                   in
                   whole
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   part
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   Accident
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   Age
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   always
                   remain
                   in
                   our
                   Wall-Plantation
                   some
                   other
                   Trees
                   to
                   keep
                   up
                   its
                   Beauty
                   in
                   case
                   of
                   any
                   Mortality
                   hapning
                   to
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   ;
                   another
                   end
                   of
                   a
                   Wall
                   should
                   be
                   for
                   Pear-Trees
                   ;
                   which
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   possible
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   mix
                   with
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   :
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   another
                   part
                   of
                   this
                   Plantation
                   should
                   be
                   for
                   the
                   Early
                   ,
                   or
                   Hasting-Cherries
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   for
                   the
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   last
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   also
                   separated
                   into
                   several
                   quarters
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   different
                   sorts
                   ,
                   without
                   confounding
                   together
                   the
                   Muscats
                   ,
                   or
                   Musk
                   ,
                   or
                   Muscatine-Grapes
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Chasselas
                     ,
                     Corinthians
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Sometimes
                   indeed
                   I
                   chance
                   to
                   place
                   some
                   Plants
                   of
                   Chasselas-Grapes
                   among
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   never
                   happens
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   't
                   is
                   to
                   garnish
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   Wall
                   that
                   is
                   extreamly
                   high
                   ,
                   with
                   design
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   stock
                   of
                   it
                   shoot
                   strait
                   up
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   heighth
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   other
                   Fruit
                   can
                   seldom
                   ever
                   reach
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   ordinary
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   I
                   care
                   not
                   to
                   use
                   my
                   darling
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   in
                   that
                   Service
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   ripen
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   when
                   raised
                   upon
                   high
                   Trails
                   ,
                   as
                   Chasselas
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   now
                   without
                   repeating
                   over
                   again
                   all
                   the
                   above
                   specified
                   differences
                   ,
                   either
                   of
                   
                   the
                   heights
                   of
                   Walls
                   ,
                   or
                   goodness
                   of
                   Soils
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   suppose
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Walls
                   about
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   Nine
                   Foot
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   ordinary
                   heighth
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   grounds
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   deal
                   with
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   goodness
                   ;
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   that
                   Foot
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   regulate
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   leaving
                   every
                   one
                   in
                   this
                   matter
                   to
                   govern
                   himself
                   by
                   the
                   Rules
                   we
                   have
                   above-prescribed
                   for
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   distances
                   of
                   his
                   Trees
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   heighth
                   of
                   his
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   his
                   grounds
                   shall
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   excell
                   in
                   goodness
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     know
                     what
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     deserve
                     best
                     to
                     be
                     admitted
                     into
                     Wall-Plantations
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THERE
                   may
                   here
                   arise
                   a
                   Great
                   and
                   Pleasing
                   Contestation
                   amongst
                   our
                   Curious
                   
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   decide
                   which
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   honoured
                   with
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   best
                   places
                   in
                   our
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   the
                   Charming
                   Excellence
                   of
                   the
                   Choicer
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grapes
                   may
                   raise
                   a
                   powerful
                   and
                   formidable
                   Party
                   to
                   declare
                   for
                   a
                   Decision
                   in
                   their
                   favour
                   .
                
                 
                   Nature
                   which
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   taken
                   pleasure
                   by
                   the
                   production
                   of
                   so
                   many
                   delicious
                   
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   to
                   demonstrate
                   how
                   far
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   its
                   Ingenious
                   Fecundity
                   could
                   go
                   towards
                   Absolute
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   has
                   sufficiently
                   shewn
                   by
                   the
                   admirable
                   temper
                   wherewith
                   she
                   has
                   Enobled
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   that
                   she
                   had
                   not
                   yet
                   Exhausted
                   the
                   Treasures
                   of
                   her
                   Rich
                   Invention
                   in
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   whilst
                   she
                   was
                   designing
                   to
                   enrich
                   Mankind
                   with
                   such
                   important
                   and
                   valuable
                   Presents
                   as
                   those
                   ,
                   she
                   was
                   pleased
                   to
                   reserve
                   something
                   more
                   singular
                   for
                   the
                   honour
                   of
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   shew
                   in
                   it
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   a
                   Master-piece
                   of
                   her
                   surprising
                   Art.
                   And
                   certain
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   she
                   has
                   not
                   refused
                   to
                   Grapes
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   to
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   that
                   infinite
                   diversity
                   of
                   Kinds
                   which
                   adds
                   so
                   much
                   to
                   their
                   agreeableness
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   delightful
                   variety
                   of
                   Colour
                   ,
                   Tast
                   ,
                   Bigness
                   ,
                   Shape
                   ,
                   Perfume
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Maturity
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   forward
                   Ripeness
                   in
                   some
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   all
                   those
                   differences
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   among
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Apples
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   since
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   large
                   ,
                   some
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   long
                   ones
                   ,
                   round
                   ones
                   ,
                   sweet
                   ones
                   ,
                   perfumed
                   ones
                   ,
                   some
                   forward
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   lateward
                   ones
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   again
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Colours
                   ,
                   as
                   White
                   ,
                   Black
                   ,
                   Red
                   ,
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   Party-Coloured
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   Nature
                   was
                   minded
                   to
                   ●ut-do
                   all
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   sport
                   her self
                   in
                   certain
                   points
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   some
                   advantages
                   to
                   the
                   Vine
                   above
                   other
                   Trees
                   I
                   could
                   specifie
                   wherein
                   she
                   has
                   done
                   it
                   in
                   several
                   particulars
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   instance
                   in
                   this
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   she
                   has
                   regularly
                   fastened
                   but
                   one
                   Fruit
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   sort
                   upon
                   one
                   single
                   stalk
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Grains
                   ,
                   or
                   Berries
                   ,
                   that
                   hang
                   upon
                   the
                   stalk
                   of
                   one
                   Bunch
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   is
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   can
                   hardly
                   be
                   told
                   .
                   She
                   does
                   much
                   more
                   than
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   sometimes
                   she
                   has
                   the
                   Complaisance
                   not
                   to
                   Envy
                   the
                   Boldness
                   of
                   some
                   Curious
                   Persons
                   that
                   undertake
                   to
                   imitate
                   her
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   to
                   surpass
                   her
                   in
                   some
                   very
                   extraordinary
                   things
                   ;
                   she
                   takes
                   it
                   not
                   ill
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   People
                   not
                   content
                   to
                   see
                   their
                   Care
                   and
                   Labour
                   succeed
                   in
                   the
                   Cultivation
                   of
                   the
                   Grapes
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     Chasselas
                     ,
                     Cioutat
                     ,
                     Morillons
                     ,
                     Gennetins
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   even
                   Muscats
                   ,
                   &c.
                   venture
                   to
                   transplant
                   into
                   Climates
                   that
                   are
                   pretty
                   Cold
                   ,
                   those
                   Vine-Plants
                   she
                   designed
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   hotter
                   Countrys
                   :
                   Nay
                   ,
                   she
                   disdains
                   not
                   to
                   favour
                   their
                   Industry
                   ,
                   by
                   assisting
                   them
                   to
                   bring
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   Maturity
                   in
                   some
                   parts
                   where
                   she
                   her self
                   would
                   never
                   have
                   thought
                   of
                   producing
                   any
                   .
                   But
                   yet
                   as
                   Liberal
                   and
                   Beneficent
                   as
                   she
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   she
                   thought
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   much
                   against
                   her
                   honour
                   ,
                   if
                   she
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   easie
                   as
                   to
                   suffer
                   all
                   the
                   Grapes
                   of
                   
                     Egypt
                     ,
                     Africk
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Italy
                   ,
                   &c.
                   to
                   Ripen
                   in
                   the
                   Countries
                   Neighbouring
                   on
                   the
                   North
                   ;
                   it
                   's
                   true
                   indeed
                   ,
                   we
                   endeavour
                   all
                   we
                   can
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   our
                   Walls
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   advantageously
                   exposed
                   ,
                   to
                   procure
                   as
                   much
                   Heat
                   as
                   is
                   required
                   for
                   the
                   Passe-Musquee
                   ,
                   or
                   Passing-Musk-Grape
                   ,
                   the
                   Pergolese
                   ,
                   the
                   Damask
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Marroquins
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   in
                   certain
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   certain
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   pretty
                   good
                   success
                   with
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   Years
                   and
                   Soils
                   too
                   ,
                   wherein
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   more
                   need
                   of
                   seeking
                   some
                   Consolation
                   for
                   our
                   lost
                   Labours
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   occasion
                   to
                   Rejoice
                   at
                   our
                   Successes
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   instruction
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   to
                   let
                   us
                   see
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   attempt
                   to
                   force
                   Nature
                   in
                   
                   every
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   where
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   she
                   is
                   a
                   wise
                   and
                   understanding
                   Mother
                   ,
                   who
                   looking
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   Children
                   all
                   equally
                   belonging
                   to
                   her
                   ,
                   thought
                   good
                   therefore
                   equally
                   to
                   dispense
                   among
                   them
                   the
                   good
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   
                   favours
                   ,
                   she
                   had
                   to
                   bestow
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   maintain
                   that
                   Union
                   and
                   
                   good
                   Intelligence
                   she
                   had
                   a
                   mind
                   should
                   Reign
                   Eternally
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   she
                   has
                   so
                   well
                   regulated
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   furnished
                   with
                   Qualifications
                   Enabling
                   them
                   to
                   Signalize
                   themselves
                   by
                   some
                   kind
                   of
                   Productions
                   singular
                   and
                   peculiar
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   cause
                   that
                   being
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   Jealous
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   Order
                   and
                   Allotment
                   she
                   has
                   so
                   well
                   Establish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   she
                   is
                   Zealous
                   to
                   maintain
                   entire
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   violated
                   ,
                   she
                   very
                   often
                   opposes
                   the
                   Encroachments
                   made
                   by
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Parties
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   their
                   Sister
                   Countries
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Attempts
                   by
                   which
                   they
                   go
                   about
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   Rob
                   them
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   given
                   them
                   for
                   their
                   peculiar
                   portion
                   .
                   The
                   Anana-Grape
                   Ripens
                   in
                   the
                   Indies
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Pergolese
                   ;
                   the
                   Passe-Musquee
                   ,
                   or
                   Passing-Musk-Grape
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   principal
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grapes
                   Ripen
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   in
                   Italy
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   our
                   Provinces
                   ,
                   there
                   none
                   of
                   them
                   can
                   arrive
                   to
                   any
                   tolerable
                   Ripeness
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   prosper
                   wonderfully
                   among
                   us
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   Mexicans
                   ,
                   and
                   Moors
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   do
                   the
                   utmost
                   they
                   can
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   grow
                   under
                   the
                   Line
                   ,
                   find
                   always
                   their
                   endeavours
                   baffled
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   return
                   to
                   lay
                   down
                   directions
                   ,
                   what
                   Methods
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   used
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   our
                   Grapes
                   all
                   the
                   means
                   possible
                   to
                   attain
                   in
                   our
                   Country
                   that
                   Perfection
                   which
                   they
                   naturally
                   should
                   have
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   head
                   ,
                   we
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   nothing
                   more
                   Sovereign
                   for
                   that
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   most
                   advantageous
                   Expositions
                   of
                   our
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Contestation
                   here
                   to
                   be
                   terminated
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   our
                   care
                   to
                   treat
                   them
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   demonstrate
                   by
                   that
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   esteem
                   we
                   have
                   for
                   their
                   excelling
                   Merit
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   of
                   our
                   Curious
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   plead
                   here
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   comprise
                   the
                   
                     Chasselas
                     ,
                     Cioutat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Corinth-Grapes
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   for
                   the
                   Muscat
                   ,
                   or
                   Muscatell
                   :
                   Now
                   of
                   this
                   Muscat
                   ,
                   or
                   Muscatell
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   Four
                   sorts
                   ,
                   viz.
                   The
                   Long-Muscat
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Passe-Musquee
                   ,
                   or
                   Passing-Muscat
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   difficult
                   of
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   Ripen
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     White-Muscat
                     ,
                     Red-Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Black
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   Three
                   last
                   have
                   their
                   Grape
                   or
                   Berry
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   middling
                   size
                   ,
                   and
                   tho'
                   they
                   need
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Heat
                   ,
                   yet
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Long-Muscat
                   ;
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   Black
                   one
                   is
                   the
                   least
                   of
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   White
                   seems
                   to
                   excel
                   the
                   Two
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   indeed
                   a
                   
                     White
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Muscatell
                   ,
                   whether
                   its
                   Grape
                   be
                   small
                   or
                   great
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   no
                   matter
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   be
                   Clear
                   ,
                   Firm
                   ,
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   Hard
                   ,
                   and
                   Crackling
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Juice
                   Sweet
                   ,
                   Sugred
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   Perfumed
                   ;
                   such
                   a
                   
                     Muscatell
                     Grape
                  
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   what
                   pleasure
                   gives
                   it
                   not
                   to
                   him
                   that
                   Eats
                   it
                   ?
                   Can
                   there
                   be
                   seen
                   a
                   more
                   excellent
                   Fruit
                   during
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   September
                   and
                   October
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   till
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   November
                   ?
                   In
                   Hot
                   Countries
                   they
                   have
                   admirable
                   ones
                   growing
                   in
                   the
                   full
                   Air
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   upon
                   a
                   Vine
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Field
                   ;
                   but
                   here
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   that
                   are
                   constantly
                   pretty
                   good
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   necessarily
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   some
                   Easterly
                   or
                   Southerly-Walls
                   .
                   The
                   Year
                   1676
                   particularly
                   produced
                   us
                   the
                   most
                   delicious
                   ones
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   in
                   those
                   Expositions
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   dry
                   and
                   sandy
                   grounds
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   had
                   better
                   Grapes
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Easterly
                   ,
                   than
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Southerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ;
                   from
                   whence
                   ,
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   would
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Wall
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   better
                   employed
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   planting
                   it
                   with
                   good
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   .
                
                 
                   Other
                   Curious
                   Persons
                   will
                   hold
                   as
                   stifly
                   for
                   good
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   
                   their
                   Colour
                   ,
                   (
                   it
                   being
                   really
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   that
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   most
                   delights
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   )
                   as
                   for
                   its
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Largeness
                   ,
                   its
                   lovely
                   round
                   Figure
                   ,
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   its
                   Sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   rich
                   and
                   sweet
                   Perfume
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   truly
                   their
                   Party
                   is
                   likewise
                   very
                   great
                   and
                   considerable
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   true
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   comparable
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Peach
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   
                     August
                     ,
                     September
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   October
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   November
                   till
                   the
                   Frosts
                   come
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   can
                   have
                   but
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   here
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   sensible
                   displeasure
                   to
                   us
                   all
                   ,
                   because
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   they
                   become
                   incomparably
                   better
                   than
                   against
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   't
                   is
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   that
                   has
                   Evidenced
                   to
                   us
                   here
                   how
                   far
                   their
                   chief
                   Excellence
                   
                   can
                   attain
                   ;
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   which
                   yet
                   cannot
                   do
                   us
                   any
                   good
                   in
                   their
                   favour
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   within
                   great
                   Cities
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   lofty
                   topping
                   Walls
                   of
                   Houses
                   ,
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   extreamly
                   well
                   sheltered
                   from
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   frosts
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   which
                   makes
                   them
                   bear
                   so
                   great
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   we
                   can
                   seldom
                   say
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   any
                   great
                   plenty
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   reasonable
                   number
                   of
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   take
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   those
                   high
                   Walls
                   shut
                   in
                   and
                   augment
                   that
                   heat
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   ripen
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   those
                   Fruits
                   being
                   thus
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Zephirs
                   or
                   gentle
                   growing
                   Winds
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   Rain
                   ,
                   acquire
                   in
                   that
                   manner
                   
                   of
                   situation
                   ,
                   a
                   degree
                   of
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   violent
                   ardour
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   reflected
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   could
                   never
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   equally
                   on
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   their
                   Circference
                   .
                   The
                   experience
                   we
                   have
                   of
                   these
                   singular
                   good
                   effects
                   of
                   the
                   full
                   Air
                   ,
                   has
                   made
                   me
                   to
                   think
                   of
                   raising
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   cavelling
                   objection
                   against
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ;
                   for
                   though
                   I
                   know
                   indeed
                   for
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   they
                   that
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   insuring
                   us
                   a
                   crop
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   know
                   as
                   certainly
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   they
                   that
                   by
                   cramping
                   up
                   our
                   Fruits
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   depriving
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   free
                   enjoyment
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   acquiring
                   the
                   full
                   Goodness
                   they
                   naturally
                   would
                   have
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   those
                   Trees
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Sense
                   of
                   impatience
                   and
                   indignation
                   at
                   the
                   violence
                   and
                   torture
                   they
                   suffer
                   by
                   being
                   so
                   tyed
                   and
                   crampt
                   up
                   ,
                   had
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   punish
                   us
                   by
                   a
                   suppression
                   of
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   injury
                   we
                   do
                   them
                   in
                   robbing
                   them
                   of
                   that
                   liberty
                   which
                   Nature
                   had
                   blest
                   them
                   withal
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Spring
                   time
                   then
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   
                   the
                   Peaches
                   knit
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   the
                   more
                   surely
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   Midsummer
                   I
                   draw
                   the
                   Branches
                   with
                   Fruit
                   on
                   them
                   forwards
                   from
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   which
                   after
                   my
                   manner
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Props
                   which
                   I
                   six
                   deep
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   I
                   support
                   and
                   keep
                   tight
                   and
                   firm
                   those
                   Branches
                   so
                   laden
                   with
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   that
                   Artifice
                   ,
                   acquires
                   that
                   goodness
                   which
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   only
                   can
                   give
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   newly
                   described
                   .
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   some
                   Subjection
                   and
                   Pains
                   required
                   to
                   do
                   this
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Symmetry
                   and
                   beauty
                   of
                   our
                   Wall-Plantation
                   is
                   thereby
                   a
                   little
                   disfigured
                   whilst
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   on
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Eyes
                   of
                   all
                   Persons
                   that
                   look
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   pleased
                   as
                   
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   fault
                   is
                   amply
                   recompensed
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   by
                   the
                   beauty
                   of
                   the
                   colour
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   smoothness
                   of
                   the
                   Skin
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   that
                   rich
                   taste
                   in
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   had
                   otherwise
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   gathered
                   ,
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   put
                   back
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   fastned
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   places
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   before
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   no
                   Body
                   can
                   see
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   ever
                   medled
                   with
                   .
                   I
                   could
                   not
                   forbear
                   mentioning
                   here
                   this
                   Fancy
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   for
                   Branches
                   so
                   drawn
                   forward
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   almost
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   placed
                   in
                   the
                   full
                   Air
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   kind
                   of
                   high
                   fenced
                   City
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   so
                   luckily
                   hit
                   to
                   produce
                   such
                   rare
                   and
                   delicious
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   would
                   think
                   it
                   grew
                   in
                   some
                   enchanted
                   place
                   ,
                   rather
                   than
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   cultivated
                   by
                   human
                   Art.
                   There
                   are
                   only
                   some
                   Avant-Peaches
                   or
                   Forward-Peaches
                   ,
                   
                   
                     Troy-Peaches
                     ,
                     White-Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   backward
                   Violet-Peaches
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   happy
                   as
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   These
                   last
                   not
                   finding
                   heat
                   enough
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   wood
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   being
                   too
                   delicate
                   and
                   tender
                   to
                   endure
                   the
                   open
                   Air.
                   As
                   for
                   those
                   Gardens
                   that
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   all
                   their
                   
                   Peach-Blossoms
                   are
                   frost-bitten
                   every
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   afford
                   the
                   owners
                   no
                   satisfaction
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   the
                   wood
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   either
                   dies
                   ,
                   or
                   grows
                   so
                   scabby
                   and
                   ugly
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   little
                   better
                   than
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   quite
                   dead
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   Reason
                   ,
                   after
                   I
                   had
                   obstinately
                   continued
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   to
                   bring
                   up
                   Dwarf-Peach-trees
                   in
                   several
                   Gardens
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   had
                   done
                   at
                   Paris
                   ,
                   I
                   was
                   at
                   last
                   forced
                   to
                   renounce
                   all
                   hopes
                   of
                   making
                   them
                   turn
                   to
                   account
                   that
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   trust
                   only
                   to
                   our
                   Wall
                   -
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   to
                   return
                   to
                   the
                   pursuit
                   of
                   the
                   Contestation
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   concerning
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   Precedence
                   in
                   Wall-Plantations
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   believe
                   any
                   Body
                   would
                   offer
                   to
                   put
                   up
                   Pears
                   here
                   to
                   pretend
                   to
                   Precedence
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   places
                   in
                   dispute
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   prejudice
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Muscat-grapes
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Figgs
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   (
                   whatever
                   merits
                   Pears
                   may
                   otherwise
                   have
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   we
                   readily
                   acknowledge
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   Boncretiens
                   that
                   are
                   fair
                   ,
                   large
                   ,
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   coloured
                   with
                   a
                   lovely
                   red
                   )
                   for
                   we
                   have
                   other
                   Fruits
                   that
                   undoubtedly
                   far
                   excell
                   them
                   ,
                   much
                   less
                   still
                   will
                   any
                   pretend
                   to
                   propose
                   in
                   this
                   Dispute
                   ,
                   either
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Azerolls
                   or
                   Garden-Haws
                   .
                   They
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   disgrace
                   of
                   a
                   repulse
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   should
                   engage
                   them
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   shall
                   do
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   honour
                   which
                   is
                   their
                   due
                   ,
                   when
                   their
                   turn
                   comes
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   their
                   Protectors
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   should
                   appear
                   any
                   to
                   put
                   in
                   any
                   such
                   claim
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   no
                   reason
                   to
                   be
                   discontent
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   few
                   persons
                   that
                   have
                   yet
                   thought
                   of
                   declaring
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   good
                   Plums
                   in
                   this
                   Contestation
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   say
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   sorts
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   that
                   may
                   perhaps
                   be
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   have
                   not
                   yet
                   proved
                   with
                   what
                   incomparable
                   delicacy
                   ,
                   what
                   exquisite
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   sugred
                   sweetness
                   Wall-Plums
                   are
                   enriched
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   comparison
                   of
                   those
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Kind
                   ,
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   a
                   difference
                   very
                   surprizing
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   more
                   when
                   we
                   consider
                   how
                   difficult
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   render
                   a
                   good
                   reason
                   ,
                   why
                   a
                   Wall
                   should
                   produce
                   so
                   contrary
                   an
                   effect
                   
                   in
                   Plums
                   ,
                   to
                   what
                   it
                   do's
                   in
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   very
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   Plums
                   very
                   considerably
                   improve
                   in
                   goodness
                   by
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   whereas
                   other
                   Fruits
                   no
                   less
                   considerably
                   impair
                   theirs
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   situation
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Perhaps
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   put
                   my self
                   willingly
                   at
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   present
                   Competition
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   for
                   giving
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   Wall-Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   Precedence
                   before
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   make
                   good
                   my
                   Cause
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   readily
                   produce
                   a
                   Basket
                   full
                   of
                   good
                   Violet-Perdigon-Plums
                   full
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   curiously
                   dewed
                   or
                   flower'd
                   ,
                   mixed
                   with
                   some
                   white
                   Perdigons
                   ,
                   some
                   St.
                   
                     Catharine
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Apricock-Plums
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   assured
                   that
                   the
                   eyes
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Spectators
                   would
                   be
                   much
                   moved
                   to
                   favour
                   my
                   Plea
                   ,
                   by
                   so
                   lovely
                   a
                   sight
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   taste
                   would
                   almost
                   convince
                   them
                   of
                   its
                   Justice
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   that
                   would
                   procure
                   me
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Backers
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   my
                   party
                   considerably
                   strong
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP
                   VIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Figs.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   BUT
                   good
                   Figs
                   put
                   a
                   peaceable
                   end
                   to
                   all
                   these
                   Contestations
                   ,
                   carrying
                   away
                   the
                   prize
                   without
                   Contradiction
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   assuredly
                   the
                   most
                   delicious
                   Fruit
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   
                   a
                   Wall-plantation
                   ;
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   in
                   strict
                   truth
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   considerable
                   Fruit
                   the
                   Earth
                   produces
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   no
                   Fruit
                   can
                   vie
                   for
                   excellence
                   with
                   a
                   Musk-Melon
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   perfectly
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   qualified
                   ,
                   (
                   a
                   thing
                   so
                   rare
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   given
                   occasion
                   to
                   take
                   a
                   *
                   Proverb
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   express
                   the
                   rarity
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   good
                   )
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Musk-Melon
                   has
                   nothing
                   to
                   do
                   here
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   Business
                   is
                   to
                   creep
                   on
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   whereas
                   our
                   dispute
                   here
                   is
                   only
                   among
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   any
                   perfection
                   by
                   us
                   in
                   Wall-Plantations
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   good
                   Fig
                   then
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   above
                   all
                   Fruit
                   deserves
                   among
                   us
                   the
                   best
                   place
                   in
                   a
                   Wall-Plantation
                   ,
                   (
                   though
                   in
                   hot
                   Countries
                   ,
                   a
                   Wall
                   might
                   incommode
                   it
                   .
                   )
                   But
                   to
                   Judge
                   by
                   outward
                   appearances
                   both
                   of
                   its
                   excellency
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   consequence
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   high
                   esteem
                   it
                   deserves
                   ,
                   we
                   need
                   but
                   only
                   observe
                   the
                   shrugging
                   up
                   of
                   the
                   Shoulders
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   Eye-brows
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   eat
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   great
                   quantities
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   be
                   eaten
                   without
                   at
                   all
                   indangering
                   the
                   Health
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   Besides
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   the
                   advantage
                   to
                   bear
                   twice
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   ,
                   which
                   first
                   Figs
                   are
                   called
                   Fig-Flowers
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   time
                   in
                   September
                   
                   and
                   October
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   called
                   
                     Second
                     Figs.
                  
                   This
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   of
                   wonderful
                   importance
                   to
                   the
                   maintaining
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Rank
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   so
                   rightfully
                   ought
                   to
                   Possess
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   might
                   here
                   tell
                   you
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   this
                   truth
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   the
                   second
                   ones
                   ,
                   those
                   which
                   ripen
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   September
                   ,
                   before
                   there
                   come
                   any
                   Frost
                   ,
                   have
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   
                   both
                   a
                   more
                   sugred
                   pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   richer
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   are
                   better
                   ,
                   though
                   a
                   little
                   lesser
                   than
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   palpable
                   enough
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   because
                   the
                   
                     September
                     Figs
                  
                   were
                   formed
                   in
                   the
                   fairest
                   Season
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   nourished
                   with
                   a
                   juice
                   well
                   concocted
                   ,
                   and
                   wrought
                   up
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   Perfection
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   Fig-Flowers
                   have
                   had
                   all
                   the
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Rain
                   of
                   the
                   Spring-time
                   to
                   weather
                   ,
                   and
                   go
                   through
                   ;
                   which
                   are
                   two
                   no
                   very
                   favourable
                   Circumstances
                   to
                   any
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   for
                   their
                   acquiring
                   a
                   sugred
                   ,
                   delicious
                   ,
                   and
                   exquisite
                   taste
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   know
                   several
                   sorts
                   of
                   Figs
                   that
                   probably
                   are
                   all
                   good
                   in
                   hot
                   Countries
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   all
                   ripen
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   have
                   but
                   two
                   sorts
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   properly
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   
                   be
                   admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     White
                     ones
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   are
                   Round
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Long.
                   The
                   Round
                   ones
                   come
                   in
                   more
                   abundance
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Long
                   ones
                   are
                   especially
                   most
                   admirable
                   about
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   can
                   attain
                   to
                   their
                   due
                   Ripeness
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   subject
                   to
                   split
                   and
                   chap
                   towards
                   their
                   Crown
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Round
                   ones
                   are
                   :
                   Which
                   fault
                   ordinarily
                   proceeds
                   from
                   some
                   hot
                   Rains
                   that
                   fall
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   that
                   make
                   those
                   poor
                   
                     Round
                     Figs
                  
                   so
                   swell
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   gape
                   towards
                   the
                   head
                   ,
                   with
                   Clefts
                   enough
                   to
                   fright
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   vent
                   and
                   let
                   out
                   all
                   their
                   sweetness
                   and
                   perfume
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Long
                   ones
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   better
                   proof
                   against
                   those
                   Rains
                   than
                   the
                   Round
                   ones
                   ,
                   have
                   in
                   truth
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   a
                   most
                   Exquisite
                   and
                   Miraculous
                   Tast
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   others
                   have
                   quite
                   lost
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   against
                   one
                   Southern-Fruit-Wall
                   ,
                   Twelve
                   or
                   Fifteen
                   sorts
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   all
                   of
                   different
                   kinds
                   ,
                   to
                   convince
                   me
                   that
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   we
                   ought
                   assuredly
                   to
                   keep
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   
                   
                     white
                     ones
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   their
                   being
                   brought
                   quickly
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   they
                   yield
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   delicacy
                   and
                   sweetness
                   of
                   their
                   Pulp
                   ;
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   sorts
                   ,
                   excepting
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   great
                   
                     Long
                     Violet-Fig
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   worst
                   sort
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Flat
                   one
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   is
                   but
                   little
                   better
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   hard
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   but
                   bring
                   Fruit
                   that
                   is
                   but
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   neither
                   Delicate
                   ,
                   Marrowy
                   ,
                   nor
                   Sugred
                   enough
                   ;
                   for
                   
                   those
                   are
                   the
                   qualities
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Fig
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   Delicate
                   ,
                   Marrowy
                   ,
                   very
                   much
                   Sugred
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   rich
                   and
                   exquisite
                   taste
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   lower
                   degree
                   of
                   Goodness
                   ;
                   for
                   we
                   cannot
                   well
                   say
                   ,
                   
                   among
                   the
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Black
                     Fig
                  
                   holds
                   the
                   first
                   Rank
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   big
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   coloured
                   with
                   a
                   dark
                   Red
                   ,
                   that
                   thence
                   it
                   derives
                   its
                   Name
                   of
                   Black.
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   quite
                   so
                   red
                   within
                   ,
                   as
                   without
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   much
                   Sugred
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   drier
                   than
                   our
                   excellent
                   
                     White
                     ones
                  
                   ;
                   I
                   preserve
                   some
                   stocks
                   of
                   it
                   for
                   rareties
                   sake
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   
                     great
                     Yellow
                     ones
                  
                   that
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   Flesh-coloured
                   within
                   ;
                   they
                   
                   bear
                   little
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   good
                   deal
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   my
                   taste
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   delicate
                   ,
                   neither
                   in
                   the
                   First
                   ,
                   nor
                   latter
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   also
                   
                     great
                     Violet-Figgs
                  
                   both
                   Long
                   and
                   Flat
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   just
                   now
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   
                   whose
                   Pulp
                   is
                   very
                   course
                   :
                   I
                   prize
                   them
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   also
                   the
                   
                     Green
                     Fig
                  
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   very
                   long
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   
                     Vermilion
                     Pulp
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   pretty
                   Sweet
                   and
                   well
                   Sugred
                   ,
                   but
                   yields
                   little
                   increase
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   the
                   
                     little
                     Grey
                     Fig
                  
                   almost
                   of
                   a
                   Tawny
                   Colour
                   ,
                   called
                   Mellete
                   in
                   Gascony
                   ;
                   its
                   
                   fault
                   like
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   bear
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   very
                   delicate
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   another
                   sort
                   called
                   a
                   Medot
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   yellow
                   within
                   and
                   without
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   another
                   sort
                   which
                   is
                   pretty
                   black
                   ,
                   having
                   only
                   its
                   Skin
                   a
                   little
                   whipt
                   with
                   gray
                   ;
                   Its
                   pulp
                   is
                   red
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   a
                   
                     small
                     white
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   whose
                   tast
                   is
                   rather
                   faint
                   than
                   sugred
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   called
                   a
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   
                     forward
                     Fig
                  
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   so
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   little
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   the
                   
                     little
                     Bourjassote
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   blackish
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   of
                   a
                   dark
                   Violet
                   colour
                   ,
                   like
                   
                   that
                   of
                   some
                   Plums
                   ;
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   delicate
                   ,
                   but
                   bears
                   little
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   seldom
                   any
                   that
                   ripens
                   in
                   Autumn
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   There
                   is
                   also
                   the
                   Angelick-Fig
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   violet
                   colour
                   ,
                   and
                   long
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   
                   very
                   big
                   ;
                   Its
                   pulp
                   is
                   red
                   and
                   reasonably
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   examined
                   all
                   these
                   sorts
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   most
                   for
                   our
                   profit
                   ,
                   to
                   banish
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   keep
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   
                     good
                     white
                  
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   constantly
                   prove
                   better
                   with
                   us
                   here
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   But
                   yet
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   curious
                   Gentleman
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   fully
                   resolved
                   to
                   have
                   in
                   his
                   Garden
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Apples
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Grapes
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   keep
                   a
                   
                     general
                     Hospital
                  
                   open
                   to
                   receive
                   all
                   Fruits
                   as
                   well
                   Passengers
                   and
                   Strangers
                   ,
                   as
                   others
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   pardon
                   him
                   that
                   spirit
                   of
                   Charity
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   please
                   ,
                   let
                   our
                   Complaisance
                   go
                   so
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   praise
                   such
                   an
                   unbounded
                   Curiosity
                   that
                   knows
                   no
                   limits
                   .
                   But
                   let
                   us
                   have
                   a
                   care
                   of
                   imitating
                   him
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   
                     Exiguum
                     Colito
                     .
                     i.
                     e.
                  
                   Let
                   us
                   cultivate
                   a
                   little
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   few
                   Plants
                   ,
                   but
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   you
                   see
                   the
                   choice
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   excelling
                   Merit
                   determined
                   in
                   Favour
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   to
                   Precedence
                   of
                   place
                   in
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   at
                   least
                   as
                   the
                   Disposal
                   of
                   that
                   honour
                   depends
                   on
                   Me.
                   Afterwards
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   shall
                   come
                   to
                   garnish
                   our
                   Walls
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   tell
                   you
                   what
                   reasonable
                   Quantity
                   I
                   counsel
                   every
                   one
                   to
                   Plant
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Peaches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   LET
                   us
                   pass
                   on
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   Fruits
                   that
                   pretend
                   to
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   Peaches
                   and
                   Plums
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   which
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   ,
                   next
                   to
                   the
                   Figs
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Precedence
                   .
                   And
                   let
                   us
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   Peaches
                   .
                   Here
                   is
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   sorts
                   I
                   know
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   their
                   usual
                   ripening
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   describe
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   order
                   ,
                   as
                   fast
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   speak
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   The
                   
                     little
                     Avant-white-peach
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     White-peach
                  
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   
                   well
                   exposed
                   ,
                   ripens
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   during
                   the
                   whole
                   Month
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   stocks
                   of
                   it
                   be
                   Multiplied
                   in
                   several
                   Expositions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Troy-peach
                   follows
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   little
                   aloof
                   off
                   ,
                   how
                   advantageously
                   soever
                   it
                   be
                   exposed
                   ,
                   and
                   ripens
                   not
                   tell
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   August
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   wonderful
                   good
                   
                     little
                     Peach
                  
                   to
                   stir
                   up
                   in
                   us
                   the
                   Idea
                   and
                   Remembrance
                   of
                   the
                   excellent
                   ones
                   we
                   had
                   the
                   Years
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberge
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     little
                     yellow
                     Pavy
                     Alberge
                  
                   ripen
                   almost
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   the
                   Troy-peach
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   after
                   ;
                   and
                   are
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   qualified
                   with
                   that
                   goodness
                   which
                   makes
                   us
                   so
                   much
                   Esteem
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     ,
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Minion
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Italian
                     Peach
                  
                   which
                   is
                   like
                   a
                   Hasting
                   
                   Persick
                   ,
                   ripen
                   almost
                   all
                   together
                   about
                   the
                   Middle
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Pavie
                  
                   :
                   In
                   which
                   Season
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   truly
                   say
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   choice
                   enough
                   to
                   satisfie
                   our
                   nicest
                   Palates
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     little
                     Violet
                     Alberge
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     little
                     Violet
                     Pavy
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Bourdin
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   ripen
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   play
                   their
                   parts
                   incomparably
                   well
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Druselles
                   and
                   
                     Cherry
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   especially
                   those
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Pulp
                  
                   ,
                   present
                   themselves
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   to
                   bear
                   them
                   (
                   but
                   Bad
                   and
                   Nauseous
                   )
                   Company
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   
                     white
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   not
                   of
                   that
                   Rank
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   very
                   pretty
                   Peach
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   suffered
                   to
                   grow
                   fully
                   ripe
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   and
                   Rossane
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Pavy
                     Rossane
                  
                   ,
                   come
                   in
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   September
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   almost
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   begin
                   the
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Hastings
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   supply
                   us
                   plentifully
                   for
                   about
                   fifteen
                   days
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   truth
                   an
                   Illustrious
                   ,
                   Charming
                   ,
                   and
                   Delicious
                   Shoal
                   ,
                   or
                   glut
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   alone
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   my
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Queen
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   appears
                   likewise
                   so
                   to
                   the
                   Palates
                   of
                   Persons
                   infinitely
                   more
                   considerable
                   than
                   my self
                   ,
                   being
                   sufficiently
                   qualified
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   any
                   others
                   ,
                   most
                   agreeably
                   to
                   satisfie
                   the
                   curiosity
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Admirables
                   appear
                   in
                   crowds
                   presently
                   after
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   September
                   ;
                   good
                   God
                   ,
                   what
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   for
                   Colour
                   ,
                   Delicacy
                   of
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   Juice
                   ,
                   for
                   sugred
                   Sweetness
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   a
                   rich
                   and
                   exquisite
                   taste
                   !
                   &c.
                   Who
                   is
                   there
                   not
                   charmed
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   with
                   those
                   which
                   ripen
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ?
                
                 
                   The
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   as
                   Beautiful
                   and
                   Marvellously
                   excellent
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   have
                   the
                   modesty
                   
                   to
                   stay
                   till
                   the
                   Admirables
                   are
                   declining
                   before
                   they
                   ripen
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   they
                   shew
                   themselves
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   days
                   ,
                   amply
                   recompense
                   the
                   pains
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   planted
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Andillis
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Narbon
                     Peaches
                  
                   press
                   earnestly
                   in
                   ,
                   to
                   accompany
                   the
                   Nivettes
                   :
                   But
                   for
                   all
                   their
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   truth
                   may
                   be
                   called
                   but
                   a
                   Painted
                   Peauty
                   ,
                   those
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   would
                   do
                   wisely
                   to
                   forbear
                   an
                   attempt
                   that
                   can
                   turn
                   to
                   nothing
                   but
                   their
                   own
                   disgrace
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   not
                   say
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     Yellow
                     Backward
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Peach
                     Royal
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Backward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Smooth
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Red
                   ,
                   as
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   
                     little
                     Yellow
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   called
                   
                     St.
                     Martin
                     Pavies
                  
                   :
                   For
                   when
                   the
                   Season
                   has
                   prov'd
                   favourable
                   to
                   their
                   ripening
                   ,
                   the
                   Garden
                   Theater
                   for
                   the
                   Representation
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   very
                   much
                   honoured
                   with
                   the
                   Company
                   of
                   these
                   last
                   sorts
                   ,
                   during
                   all
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   must
                   hold
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   go
                   no
                   further
                   ,
                   
                   if
                   we
                   would
                   keep
                   our
                   Mouths
                   in
                   good
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   suffer
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Smooth
                     Brugnon
                  
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     later
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Nipple
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Sanguinole
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Bloody
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Corbeil
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                  
                   or
                   
                     Double
                     Blossom'd
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Nut-peach
                   ,
                   &c.
                   to
                   appear
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   the
                   last
                   Peaches
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   worst
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   no
                   body
                   need
                   to
                   wonder
                   ;
                   long
                   Nights
                   that
                   are
                   often
                   wett
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   cold
                   ,
                   being
                   not
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   make
                   Fruits
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   Stone-fruits
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   this
                   list
                   of
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   reckoned
                   thirty
                   two
                   very
                   different
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   three
                   very
                   different
                   sorts
                   of
                   Brugnons
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   seven
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   likewise
                   extremely
                   differently
                   .
                   I
                   need
                   not
                   tell
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   call
                   Peaches
                   those
                   which
                   separate
                   from
                   their
                   Stone
                   ,
                   our
                   Country
                   Men
                   here
                   abou
                   ts
                   knowing
                   it
                   well
                   enough
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   
                     Gascons
                     ,
                     Languedocians
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   People
                   of
                   Provence
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   curious
                   Gentlemen
                   of
                   Guienne
                   know
                   it
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   tell
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   call
                   *
                   Brugnons
                   all
                   
                     Peach
                     like
                  
                   Fruits
                   that
                   being
                   smooth
                   skin'd
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   down
                   ,
                   cleave
                   to
                   their
                   Stones
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   call
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   though
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   skin
                   cloathed
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   down
                   ,
                   of
                   what
                   colour
                   soever
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   whether
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   White
                   or
                   Red
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   loosen
                   from
                   their
                   Stones
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   some
                   curious
                   Persons
                   that
                   pretend
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   as
                   many
                   sorts
                   of
                   Paives
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   are
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   thereupon
                   further
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Pavie
                   is
                   the
                   Male
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Peach
                   the
                   Female
                   :
                   A
                   good
                   luck
                   go
                   with
                   their
                   Fancy
                   of
                   Male
                   and
                   Female
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   with
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Language
                   of
                   Gardeners
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   go
                   about
                   to
                   find
                   fault
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   though
                   I
                   never
                   yet
                   found
                   any
                   reason
                   or
                   colour
                   of
                   reason
                   ,
                   able
                   to
                   satisfie
                   me
                   about
                   it
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   pretended
                   Males
                   they
                   talk
                   of
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   altogether
                   unknown
                   to
                   me
                   ;
                   not
                   but
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   employed
                   all
                   my
                   Endeavours
                   to
                   discover
                   more
                   of
                   them
                   than
                   the
                   eight
                   sorts
                   
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ;
                   perhaps
                   the
                   race
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   be
                   kept
                   still
                   in
                   Persia
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   they
                   pretend
                   all
                   Peaches
                   first
                   came
                   ,
                   yet
                   without
                   bringing
                   along
                   with
                   them
                   that
                   mortal
                   quality
                   some
                   would
                   make
                   us
                   believe
                   they
                   have
                   there
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   they
                   will
                   needs
                   have
                   the
                   Pavies
                   to
                   have
                   all
                   come
                   out
                   of
                   that
                   Country
                   ,
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   not
                   here
                   ,
                   must
                   without
                   doubt
                   have
                   been
                   drowned
                   in
                   the
                   long
                   Seas
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   .
                   I
                   am
                   particularly
                   sorry
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   extream
                   forward
                   to
                   ripen
                   in
                   our
                   Climates
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   be
                   very
                   happy
                   if
                   we
                   could
                   repair
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   supposing
                   that
                   ever
                   any
                   such
                   loss
                   we
                   had
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   know
                   well
                   enough
                   too
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   curious
                   Persons
                   ,
                   that
                   reckon
                   up
                   more
                   sorts
                   
                   of
                   Stone
                   Fruits
                   than
                   we
                   have
                   counted
                   above
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   willing
                   to
                   grant
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   know
                   some
                   that
                   I
                   know
                   not
                   ;
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   be
                   pleased
                   to
                   let
                   me
                   tell
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   after
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   and
                   very
                   long
                   continued
                   exactness
                   in
                   searching
                   ,
                   I
                   never
                   could
                   find
                   any
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   great
                   a
                   Liberty
                   has
                   been
                   taken
                   in
                   multiplying
                   the
                   names
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   least
                   difference
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   Flower
                   and
                   Colour
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   bigness
                   and
                   shape
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   ripeness
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   taste
                   and
                   delicacy
                   of
                   their
                   Juyce
                   ,
                   has
                   always
                   given
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   gives
                   many
                   People
                   an
                   itching
                   Fancy
                   ,
                   to
                   pretend
                   they
                   have
                   some
                   new
                   particular
                   sort
                   of
                   Peach
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   they
                   fail
                   not
                   to
                   Baptize
                   it
                   with
                   a
                   new
                   Name
                   .
                
                 
                   O
                   unlucky
                   itching
                   humour
                   ,
                   which
                   mayst
                   properly
                   enough
                   be
                   named
                   ,
                   the
                   daughter
                   of
                   Vanity
                   or
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   how
                   great
                   a
                   Confusion
                   dost
                   thou
                   occasion
                   to
                   us
                   among
                   our
                   Fruits
                   !
                   Is
                   it
                   possible
                   People
                   should
                   not
                   know
                   that
                   a
                   difference
                   in
                   Soils
                   ,
                   in
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Climates
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   tempers
                   of
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   produce
                   those
                   little
                   Varieties
                   in
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   yet
                   are
                   not
                   essential
                   ?
                   Notwithstanding
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   given
                   me
                   an
                   infinite
                   deal
                   of
                   Pains
                   to
                   discover
                   the
                   truth
                   .
                   I
                   shall
                   now
                   with
                   my
                   ordinary
                   Ingenuity
                   ,
                   tell
                   you
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   though
                   with
                   the
                   hazard
                   of
                   incurring
                   the
                   displeasure
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   our
                   Nursery
                   Mongers
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   very
                   far
                   from
                   desiring
                   to
                   suppress
                   any
                   sort
                   of
                   good
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   since
                   in
                   all
                   places
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   my
                   Curiosity
                   and
                   Acquaintance
                   extends
                   ,
                   I
                   always
                   indefatigably
                   labour
                   to
                   discover
                   some
                   new
                   kinds
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   with
                   design
                   to
                   multiply
                   and
                   propagate
                   them
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   come
                   to
                   my
                   Knowledge
                   .
                   But
                   likewise
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   desiring
                   to
                   form
                   Chimera's
                   and
                   imaginary
                   and
                   notional
                   beings
                   ,
                   though
                   never
                   so
                   pleasing
                   to
                   the
                   Fancy
                   ,
                   by
                   multiplying
                   of
                   Names
                   for
                   the
                   least
                   inconsiderable
                   differences
                   ,
                   I
                   oppose
                   that
                   spreading
                   Disease
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   vigour
                   and
                   sincerity
                   I
                   possibly
                   can
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   I
                   have
                   reckoned
                   up
                   thirty
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   therefore
                   say
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   thirty
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   so
                   good
                   as
                   I
                   would
                   desire
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   counsel
                   my
                   Friends
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   in
                   theirs
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   number
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   truly
                   pronounce
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   accordingly
                   I
                   shall
                   banish
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   possible
                   from
                   our
                   Plantations
                   :
                   But
                   likewise
                   ,
                   though
                   of
                   any
                   one
                   kind
                   ,
                   some
                   should
                   sometimes
                   prove
                   bad
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   not
                   presently
                   to
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   whole
                   kind
                   is
                   therefore
                   bad
                   .
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   consider
                   exactly
                   in
                   what
                   consists
                   the
                   excellency
                   of
                   some
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   meanness
                   or
                   badness
                   of
                   some
                   others
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   better
                   able
                   to
                   judge
                   upon
                   solid
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   received
                   and
                   multiplyed
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   ,
                   proscribed
                   and
                   entirely
                   debarr'd
                   of
                   all
                   claims
                   to
                   the
                   choice
                   places
                   in
                   our
                   Wall
                   Plantations
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     excellency
                     of
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     wherein
                     it
                     consists
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THe
                   excellency
                   of
                   Peaches
                   consists
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   qualities
                   they
                   ought
                   naturally
                   to
                   have
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   their
                   pulp
                   a
                   little
                   firm
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   just
                   perceivable
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   fine
                   withall
                   ,
                   which
                   ought
                   to
                   appear
                   when
                   their
                   skin
                   is
                   taken
                   off
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   fine
                   ,
                   shining
                   and
                   yellow
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   thing
                   of
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   easy
                   to
                   strip
                   off
                   ,
                   which
                   if
                   it
                   do's
                   not
                   ,
                   the
                   Peach
                   is
                   not
                   ripe
                   .
                   This
                   Excellence
                   further
                   appears
                   when
                   we
                   cut
                   a
                   Peach
                   with
                   the
                   Knife
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   the
                   first
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   
                   done
                   to
                   them
                   at
                   Table
                   ,
                   by
                   any
                   one
                   that
                   would
                   eat
                   them
                   delightfully
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   a
                   true
                   relish
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   we
                   may
                   see
                   all
                   along
                   where
                   the
                   Knife
                   has
                   past
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   little
                   Springs
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   methinks
                   ,
                   the
                   prettiest
                   things
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   .
                   They
                   that
                   open
                   a
                   Peach
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   oftentimes
                   losing
                   half
                   that
                   delicious
                   Juice
                   that
                   makes
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   highly
                   esteemed
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   second
                   good
                   quality
                   of
                   a
                   Peach
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   its
                   Pulp
                   melts
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Mouth
                   ;
                   
                   for
                   indeed
                   ,
                   the
                   pulp
                   of
                   Peaches
                   is
                   properly
                   nothing
                   but
                   a
                   congealed
                   water
                   ,
                   which
                   dissolves
                   into
                   a
                   liquid
                   form
                   ,
                   when
                   't
                   is
                   never
                   so
                   little
                   press'd
                   by
                   the
                   Teeth
                   or
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   water
                   or
                   juice
                   in
                   melting
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   
                   rich
                   ,
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   vinous
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   some
                   kinds
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   musked
                   ;
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   also
                   their
                   Stone
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   those
                   Peaches
                   which
                   are
                   not
                   smooth
                   ,
                   be
                   only
                   covered
                   with
                   a
                   reasonable
                   proportion
                   of
                   soft
                   Down
                   ,
                   much
                   hairiness
                   being
                   a
                   certain
                   mark
                   of
                   the
                   want
                   
                   of
                   competent
                   goodness
                   in
                   a
                   Peach
                   ,
                   that
                   hair
                   usually
                   falling
                   almost
                   quite
                   off
                   ,
                   in
                   good
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   those
                   which
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   count
                   it
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   qualities
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Peach
                   to
                   be
                   large
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   had
                   not
                   some
                   little
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   marvellously
                   excellent
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Violet-Peaches
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   at
                   least
                   so
                   far
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Peaches
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   large
                   ,
                   come
                   short
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   or
                   much
                   exceed
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   prove
                   always
                   bad
                   ;
                   and
                   perhaps
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   pertinently
                   enough
                   said
                   by
                   some
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   last
                   were
                   Dropsical
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   Hectical
                   ,
                   or
                   Consumptive
                   .
                   The
                   Hectical
                   ones
                   have
                   much
                   more
                   Stone
                   and
                   less
                   Pulp
                   than
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Dropsical
                   
                   ones
                   have
                   their
                   Stone
                   open
                   and
                   gaping
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hollow
                   between
                   their
                   Stone
                   and
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   which
                   Pulp
                   is
                   also
                   course
                   ,
                   and
                   gross
                   ,
                   and
                   tough
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   juice
                   sharp
                   or
                   bitter
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   reality
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   none
                   but
                   the
                   Peaches
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   all
                   these
                   good
                   qualities
                   in
                   a
                   Sovereign
                   Degree
                   ,
                   with
                   something
                   of
                   I
                   know
                   not
                   what
                   exalted
                   taste
                   ,
                   which
                   't
                   is
                   impossible
                   to
                   describe
                   .
                   The
                   Peaches
                   indeed
                   that
                   grow
                   on
                   Wall-trees
                   ,
                   have
                   some
                   Proportion
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   just
                   now
                   observed
                   those
                   growing
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   so
                   much
                   excell
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   those
                   that
                   grow
                   upon
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   from
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   I
                   have
                   above
                   explained
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Qualities
                     indifferent
                     in
                     Peaches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Have
                   shewn
                   you
                   what
                   good
                   qualities
                   Peaches
                   may
                   have
                   ,
                   besides
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   indifferent
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   place
                   only
                   in
                   their
                   Flower
                   or
                   Blossom
                   ;
                   for
                   some
                   
                   have
                   great
                   ones
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Avant-Peach
                   or
                   Fore-Peach
                   ,
                   the
                   Troy-Peach
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Maudlins
                   ,
                   the
                   Minions
                   ,
                   the
                   Persick
                   ,
                   the
                   backward
                   Nipple-Peach
                   ,
                   the
                   Rossanes
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     white
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Narbon-Peach
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Some
                   again
                   have
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   the
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   the
                   Purple-Peach
                   ,
                   the
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   the
                   Peach-Royal
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Bourdin
                     ,
                     Bellegarde
                     ,
                     Red
                     Pavie
                     ,
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Pavie
                     ,
                     Alberge
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   have
                   both
                   great
                   ones
                   and
                   little
                   ones
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   two
                   Violet-Peaches
                   ,
                   both
                   hasting
                   and
                   backward
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Violet-Brugnons
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   the
                   Pau-Peaches
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     yellow
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   but
                   one
                   sort
                   that
                   has
                   a
                   double
                   Flower
                   ,
                   which
                   derives
                   its
                   Name
                   from
                   thence
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     bad
                     qualities
                     of
                     Peaches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   LET
                   us
                   now
                   take
                   a
                   view
                   of
                   the
                   bad
                   qualities
                   of
                   Peaches
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   bad
                   qualities
                   of
                   Peaches
                   consist
                   ,
                   
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     In
                     having
                     a
                     Pulp
                     too
                     soft
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     like
                     Pap
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     Fault
                     the
                     
                       white
                       Andilly-Peaches
                    
                     are
                     very
                     subject
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     in
                     having
                     it
                     like
                     Dough
                     or
                     Paste
                     ,
                     and
                     dry
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     most
                     yellow
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     in
                     most
                     other
                     Peaches
                     that
                     are
                     suffered
                     to
                     grow
                     too
                     ripe
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     In
                     having
                     it
                     gross
                     and
                     course
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     Druselles
                     ,
                     the
                     Beet-Root-Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     ordinary
                     Pau-Peaches
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     In
                     having
                     a
                     faint
                     and
                     insipid
                     juice
                     with
                     a
                     green
                     and
                     bitter
                     tang
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     ordinarily
                     found
                     in
                     those
                     same
                     Pau-Peaches
                     ,
                     growing
                     upon
                     Wall-trees
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     Narbens
                     ,
                     
                     Double-Flower'd-Peaches
                     ,
                     and
                     common
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     Corbeil
                     or
                     Vine-Peaches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   place
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   a
                   fault
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   hard
                   skin
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Nipple-Peaches
                   ;
                   and
                   sixthly
                   ,
                   
                   't
                   is
                   another
                   fault
                   to
                   be
                   sometimes
                   so
                   Vinous
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   contract
                   from
                   thence
                   a
                   Vinegarish
                   sharp
                   taste
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   now
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   no
                   hard
                   matter
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   good
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   amongst
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   to
                   judge
                   which
                   are
                   bad
                   ,
                   and
                   among
                   those
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   worst
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Peaches
                   of
                   one
                   certain
                   kind
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   always
                   prove
                   so
                   perfect
                   as
                   they
                   naturally
                   ought
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   nor
                   all
                   the
                   Peaches
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   neither
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   already
                   told
                   you
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   fault
                   in
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   too
                   big
                   or
                   too
                   little
                   ;
                   
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   one
                   to
                   be
                   either
                   over
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   full
                   ripe
                   ;
                   Peaches
                   to
                   be
                   just
                   as
                   ripe
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   should
                   stick
                   but
                   slightly
                   to
                   their
                   Stalks
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   stick
                   too
                   fast
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   cannot
                   well
                   be
                   pulled
                   without
                   bringing
                   the
                   Stalk
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   ripe
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   stick
                   too
                   gingerly
                   on
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   perhaps
                   already
                   separated
                   from
                   them
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   fallen
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   the
                   wooden
                   Props
                   set
                   under
                   them
                   ,
                   are
                   too
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   Past
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   say
                   in
                   terms
                   of
                   Gardening
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   like
                   dead
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   lost
                   all
                   their
                   Goodness
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   only
                   the
                   smoother
                   sort
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Brugnons
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Pavies
                   or
                   
                     Bastard
                     Peaches
                  
                   that
                   can
                   hardly
                   be
                   too
                   ripe
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   them
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   fault
                   to
                   fall
                   of
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   grow
                   upon
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   beginning
                   to
                   turn
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   Sick
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   those
                   which
                   ripen
                   very
                   long
                   before
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   very
                   long
                   time
                   after
                   both
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   most
                   that
                   succeed
                   them
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   ,
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   prove
                   bad
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   all
                   the
                   bad
                   qualities
                   we
                   have
                   described
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   Peach
                   upon
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   many
                   conditions
                   are
                   necessary
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   Explain
                   when
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   give
                   Directions
                   how
                   to
                   gather
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   infallibly
                   to
                   know
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   Peach
                   from
                   one
                   that
                   is
                   but
                   indifferent
                   .
                
                 
                   Our
                   Business
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   to
                   give
                   our
                   Judgment
                   which
                   are
                   those
                   good
                   kinds
                   that
                   deserve
                   admittance
                   into
                   our
                   Wall-plantations
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   Declare
                   ,
                   provided
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   before
                   cautioned
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   any
                   one
                   ill
                   quality
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   I
                   preferr
                   ,
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   therefore
                   concluded
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   Species
                   is
                   bad
                   ;
                   nor
                   for
                   any
                   Perfection
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   kinds
                   I
                   reject
                   ,
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   thence
                   concluded
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   kind
                   is
                   really
                   good
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Author's
                     Judgment
                     of
                     the
                     several
                     sorts
                     of
                     Peaches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AMong
                   the
                   thirty
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   I
                   have
                   reckoned
                   ,
                   I
                   condemn
                   eight
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   
                   nine
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   ninth
                   which
                   is
                   almost
                   excluded
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peach
                  
                   ;
                   I
                   also
                   condemn
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Brugnons
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   :
                   The
                   eight
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   are
                   the
                   Narbon
                   ,
                   the
                   Druselle
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Smooth
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     latter
                     Nipple
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Beet
                     root-peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Corbeil
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Nut
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   unless
                   any
                   Person
                   desire
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   this
                   last
                   ,
                   simply
                   for
                   its
                   Flower
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   fair
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Beet-root-peaches
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   Compotes
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-Meats
                   with
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   admirable
                   ;
                   the
                   two
                   disgraced
                   Brugnons
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   latter
                   
                     Violet
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   neither
                   of
                   them
                   seldom
                   hardly
                   ever
                   ripening
                   here
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   subject
                   to
                   burst
                   ,
                   and
                   rot
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   my
                   Discourse
                   above
                   ,
                   where
                   I
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   ill
                   Qualities
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   see
                   the
                   Reasons
                   why
                   I
                   banish
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   sorts
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   I
                   extremely
                   honour
                   all
                   those
                   of
                   them
                   which
                   can
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   ripen
                   well
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   something
                   rare
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   those
                   called
                   Hastings
                   :
                   Such
                   curious
                   Gentlemen
                   as
                   dwell
                   in
                   hot
                   Climates
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   are
                   accommodated
                   with
                   Walls
                   well
                   exposed
                   ,
                   do
                   very
                   well
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   happy
                   enough
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   ripen
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   Standard
                   Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   instead
                   of
                   that
                   hard
                   and
                   tough
                   Pulp
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   commonly
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   accompanied
                   with
                   any
                   Sugred
                   Juice
                   of
                   a
                   Vinous
                   ,
                   Rich
                   ,
                   and
                   perfumed
                   Taste
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   fine
                   and
                   tender
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   as
                   melting
                   as
                   our
                   best
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Juice
                   is
                   seasoned
                   with
                   that
                   agreeable
                   taste
                   we
                   desire
                   in
                   them
                   .
                   All
                   these
                   advantages
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   pleasing
                   view
                   of
                   a
                   Dark
                   Red
                   Colour
                   that
                   
                   penetrates
                   through
                   their
                   whole
                   Substance
                   ,
                   but
                   more
                   towards
                   their
                   Stone
                   ,
                   than
                   further
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   allure
                   People
                   to
                   eat
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   begets
                   in
                   their
                   minds
                   an
                   esteem
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   curiosity
                   to
                   plant
                   and
                   rear
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Year
                   1676
                   furnished
                   us
                   with
                   admirable
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   of
                   that
                   sort
                   that
                   bears
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Monstrous
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Pompone
                   ,
                   from
                   that
                   Illustrious
                   Father
                   and
                   Patron
                   of
                   
                   all
                   Honest
                   and
                   Ingenuous
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   first
                   had
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   of
                   his
                   House
                   at
                   Pompone
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   afterwards
                   propagated
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Gardens
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   Curious
                   Persons
                   that
                   love
                   them
                   almost
                   better
                   than
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   content
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   Plant
                   good
                   store
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   Gardens
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   of
                   that
                   Mind
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   very
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   having
                   declared
                   particularly
                   for
                   the
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   therefore
                   in
                   most
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   Plant
                   abundantly
                   more
                   Peaches
                   than
                   Pavies
                   .
                   Having
                   then
                   first
                   shewn
                   the
                   Excellence
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   Pears
                   ,
                   in
                   Treating
                   of
                   Dwarf-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   afterward
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   Merits
                   and
                   Excellencies
                   of
                   the
                   Muscat-Grapes
                   ,
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   our
                   Discourse
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   pass
                   any
                   further
                   to
                   declare
                   my
                   Judgment
                   concerning
                   the
                   Order
                   and
                   Precedence
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   Planting
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   furnish
                   our
                   Walls
                   ,
                   till
                   I
                   have
                   first
                   done
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Plums
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   an
                   Enumeration
                   likewise
                   of
                   their
                   good
                   Qualities
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Plums
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THERE
                   are
                   reckoned
                   almost
                   infinite
                   numbers
                   of
                   kinds
                   of
                   Plums
                   ;
                   I
                   shall
                   speak
                   only
                   
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   ,
                   tasted
                   ,
                   and
                   examined
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   a
                   considerable
                   number
                   enough
                   ,
                   tho'
                   there
                   be
                   but
                   few
                   in
                   all
                   that
                   multitude
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   much
                   esteem
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Idea
                   and
                   Conception
                   I
                   form
                   to
                   my self
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   I
                   see
                   good
                   Qualities
                   ,
                   bad
                   Qualities
                   ,
                   and
                   indifferent
                   Qualities
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   observe
                   some
                   Plums
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   both
                   Raw
                   ,
                   and
                   Baked
                   ,
                   or
                   Preserved
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   again
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   only
                   to
                   Bake
                   ,
                   or
                   Preserve
                   .
                   The
                   good
                   Qualities
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   fine
                   ,
                   tender
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   melting
                   pulp
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   sweet
                   
                   and
                   sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   rich
                   and
                   exquisite
                   Tast
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   some
                   is
                   perfumed
                   :
                   A
                   good
                   Plum
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   Fruit
                   almost
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Eaten
                   Raw
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   such
                   are
                   upon
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   Violet
                   and
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   the
                   Apricock-plums
                   ,
                   the
                   Roche-Courbons
                   ,
                   the
                   Empresses
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Latter
                     perdrigons
                  
                   ;
                   such
                   also
                   upon
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Queen
                     Claudias
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Imperials
                   ,
                   the
                   Royals
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     ,
                     Red
                  
                   and
                   
                     White
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Mirabells
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   bad
                   Qualities
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   hard
                   Skin
                   ;
                   but
                   because
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Plum
                   
                   without
                   that
                   fault
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   counted
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   considerable
                   like
                   those
                   that
                   follow
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   their
                   Pulp
                   tough
                   ,
                   mealy
                   ,
                   and
                   doughy
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Perdrigon
                   of
                   Cernay
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Double
                     Blossom'd
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   or
                   sharp
                   and
                   sowrish
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Black
                     Damask-Hasting
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Date-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Moyen
                   ,
                   or
                   Pitch-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Brugnolle
                   ;
                   or
                   dry
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Musked
                     Damask
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Moyeu
                   ,
                   the
                   Amber-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Bull-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Brugnolle
                   ,
                   the
                   Rhodes
                   ;
                   or
                   hardish
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Date-Plum
                   ;
                   or
                   too
                   watery
                   ,
                   as
                   many
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   are
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   know
                   ;
                   or
                   wormy
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Imperials
                   ,
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Damask-Plums
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Diaper
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   particularly
                   all
                   those
                   Plums
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   that
                   appear
                   to
                   ripen
                   first
                   upon
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   set
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   of
                   Plum.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   here
                   we
                   can
                   say
                   something
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   our
                   beloved
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   of
                   all
                   
                   Plums
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   least
                   subject
                   to
                   Worms
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   indifferent
                   Qualities
                   of
                   Plums
                   respect
                   their
                   shape
                   ,
                   bigness
                   ,
                   colour
                   ,
                   ray
                   ,
                   or
                   parting
                   crevise
                   ,
                   &c.
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   stick
                   fast
                   to
                   the
                   Stone
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Quality
                   likewise
                   indifferent
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Plum
                   be
                   otherwise
                   good
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   the
                   Plum
                   be
                   really
                   bad
                   ,
                   then
                   if
                   it
                   quits
                   not
                   its
                   Stone
                   it
                   
                   is
                   more
                   slighted
                   than
                   if
                   it
                   did
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   shape
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   indifferent
                   whether
                   the
                   Plum
                   be
                   very
                   long
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Imperial
                   ,
                   the
                   Date-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Ilvert
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Rognon
                     de
                     coque
                  
                   or
                   Cocks-Kidney
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   Longish
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   the
                   Diaper-Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   Mirabells
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   
                     Long
                     Violet
                     Damask
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Datills
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Little
                     Date-Plums
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Minions
                   ,
                   the
                   Burgundy-Moeyu
                   ,
                   the
                   Rhodes-Plum
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   Round
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   square
                   and
                   flat
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Queen
                     Claudia
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   White
                   ,
                   the
                   Violet
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   Gray
                   ,
                   the
                   Green
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Musked
                     Damask-Plums
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Cerisetts
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Little
                     Cherry-Plums
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Cernay-Perdrigons
                   ,
                   the
                   Royal-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Pigeons
                     Heart
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Brugnolle
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Drap
                     d'or
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Cloth
                     of
                     Gold
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Shape
                   then
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   consequence
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   us
                   slight
                   or
                   esteem
                   any
                   sort
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   colour
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   shape
                   ,
                   there
                   being
                   good
                   and
                   bad
                   of
                   
                   all
                   Colours
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   either
                   a
                   yellowish
                   white
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     St.
                     Catharines
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Apricock-Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   Minions
                   ,
                   the
                   Queen
                   Claudia's
                   ,
                   the
                   Drapd'ors
                   or
                   
                     Cloth
                     of
                     Gold
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     Date-Plums
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Imperials
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   else
                   of
                   a
                   Violet
                   colour
                   inclining
                   to
                   red
                   ,
                   (
                   the
                   finest
                   colour
                   of
                   them
                   all
                   )
                   as
                   the
                   Violet-Perdrigron
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   Reche-Cour'bons
                   ,
                   the
                   Empresses
                   ,
                   the
                   Imperials
                   ,
                   the
                   Long
                   and
                   
                     Round
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Royal-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Diaper
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Coeur
                     de
                     Boeuf
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Bullock's-Heart
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   a
                   Violet
                   inclining
                   to
                   black
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Brugnolle
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     Violet
                     Tours
                     Damask
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   
                     St.
                     Julian
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   quite
                   black
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Rhodes-Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   latter
                   and
                   forward
                   Black-Damasks
                   ,
                   the
                   Masked-Damask
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   Pigeon's-Heart
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   Green
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Ilvert
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Green
                     Damask
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Castellan
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   Gray
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Gray-Damask
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   Or
                   Red
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Cerisets
                   ,
                   the
                   Prime-Morins
                   ,
                   the
                   Datills
                   ,
                   or
                   little
                   Date-Plums
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   As
                   
                   well
                   as
                   their
                   Ray
                   ,
                   or
                   Crease
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   very
                   deep
                   cut
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Plum
                   call'd
                   the
                   Pigeons-Heart
                   ,
                   or
                   but
                   very
                   little
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   most
                   other
                   Plums
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   Consequence
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   Goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   their
                   Bigness
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   better
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   pretty
                   big
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Perdrigon
                     ,
                     St.
                     Catharine
                  
                   ,
                   
                   
                     Apricock-Plum
                     ,
                     Damask
                  
                   &c.
                   than
                   little
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Mirabelles
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   a
                   few
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   extream
                   large
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Bullock's-Heart
                   ,
                   the
                   Cernay-Perdrigons
                   ,
                   the
                   Imperials
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   white
                   as
                   red
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   forward
                   and
                   hasty
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   backward
                   
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   Plums
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   raw
                   ,
                   are
                   likewise
                   commonly
                   very
                   good
                   baked
                   or
                   preserved
                   ,
                   whether
                   
                   it
                   be
                   to
                   make
                   dry
                   Prunes
                   ,
                   or
                   Compotes
                   ,
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   good
                   only
                   to
                   bake
                   or
                   preserve
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   among
                   the
                   baking
                   Plums
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   particularly
                   good
                   to
                   make
                   Prunes
                   of
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Roche-Courbon
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   whose
                   principal
                   excellency
                   is
                   shewn
                   in
                   Compotes
                   ,
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweat
                   meats
                   ;
                   the
                   Moyeu's
                   ,
                   the
                   Castellans
                   ,
                   the
                   Ilverts
                   ,
                   the
                   Brugnolles
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Cloth
                     of
                     Gold-Plums
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Mirabells
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Pulp
                   in
                   all
                   Plums
                   is
                   yellow
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   some
                   less
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   consequence
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   two
                   things
                   that
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   wished
                   for
                   in
                   Plums
                   ;
                   First
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   come
                   in
                   before
                   the
                   season
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   because
                   then
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   much
                   more
                   advantageous
                   and
                   helpful
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   coming
                   as
                   they
                   do
                   almost
                   all
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   but
                   our
                   wishes
                   in
                   that
                   point
                   are
                   but
                   in
                   vain
                   ;
                   however
                   they
                   maintain
                   their
                   Ground
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   with
                   such
                   marvellous
                   good
                   Grace
                   and
                   Gallantry
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   come
                   off
                   with
                   Reputation
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   wished
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Plums
                   would
                   eleverly
                   quit
                   
                   their
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   we
                   must
                   e'en
                   have
                   patience
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   too
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Wall-Perdrigons
                   though
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   their
                   highest
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   yet
                   cleave
                   extream
                   fast
                   to
                   their
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Roche-Courbons
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   sweetest
                   and
                   most
                   sugred
                   Plums
                   we
                   have
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   part
                   from
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   also
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   bad
                   ones
                   that
                   quit
                   not
                   their
                   Stones
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   Black-Bull's-Eye
                   ,
                   the
                   Amber-Plum
                   ,
                   the
                   Moyeu's
                   ,
                   the
                   Ilvert
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Julian
                   ,
                   the
                   Norbett
                   ,
                   the
                   Castellan
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   quit
                   them
                   easiliest
                   ,
                   are
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   Damask-Plums
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   number
                   
                   is
                   great
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Names
                   People
                   give
                   them
                   upon
                   the
                   least
                   little
                   differences
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   From
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   qualities
                   of
                   Plums
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   above
                   noted
                   ,
                   I
                   conclude
                   conformably
                   to
                   my
                   Experience
                   .
                   That
                   there
                   are
                   but
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   which
                   deserve
                   to
                   be
                   
                   admitted
                   to
                   the
                   honour
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   namely
                   the
                   two
                   
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     White
                  
                   and
                   Violet
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   the
                   Apricock-Plum
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Roche-Courbon
                   .
                   However
                   we
                   add
                   to
                   them
                   some
                   Empresses
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Mirabelles
                   too
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   please
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   much
                   in
                   Expectation
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   better
                   upon
                   Wall-Trees
                   than
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   seldom
                   or
                   never
                   eaten
                   raw
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   the
                   more
                   certainly
                   come
                   to
                   good
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   most
                   other
                   Plums
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   miscarry
                   in
                   the
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   great
                   importance
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   these
                   last
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   in
                   the
                   Compotes
                   and
                   wet
                   sweet-meats
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   As
                   fast
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   dispose
                   of
                   each
                   sort
                   of
                   Plum
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   give
                   a
                   little
                   description
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   those
                   we
                   shall
                   plant
                   by
                   Walls
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   rear
                   upon
                   Dwarfs
                   and
                   Standards
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   I
                   intend
                   to
                   have
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Situations
                   where
                   the
                   Ground
                   will
                   permit
                   me
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   always
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   place
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   that
                   Situation
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   agreeable
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   nothing
                   to
                   say
                   against
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   but
                   one
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   I
                   know
                   of
                   ;
                   It
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   novelty
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   coming
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   more
                   than
                   in
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   that
                   their
                   Excellence
                   consists
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   to
                   serve
                   them
                   up
                   raw
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Compotes
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   ;
                   for
                   otherwise
                   to
                   be
                   sowre
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   a
                   large
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   thick
                   Skin
                   ,
                   could
                   certainly
                   be
                   no
                   Qualities
                   to
                   render
                   them
                   very
                   recommendable
                   :
                   And
                   't
                   is
                   this
                   Novelty
                   that
                   will
                   oblige
                   us
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   Wall-Trees
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   Walling
                   enough
                   to
                   spare
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   likewise
                   plant
                   there
                   some
                   Corinthian-Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   small
                   berried
                   Grape
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   sweet
                   and
                   most
                   delicious
                   juice
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Colours
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   some
                   Chasselas
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   prize
                   much
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Grape
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Berry
                   or
                   Grain
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   sweetness
                   of
                   its
                   very
                   much
                   sugred
                   juice
                   ,
                   but
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   for
                   its
                   great
                   easiness
                   in
                   being
                   brought
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   ripen
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   almost
                   never
                   fail
                   us
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   Muscat
                   can
                   hardly
                   ever
                   arrive
                   here
                   to
                   that
                   Point
                   of
                   ripeness
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   such
                   another
                   hot
                   and
                   long
                   Summer
                   ,
                   as
                   was
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   1676.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   little
                   to
                   say
                   about
                   Apricocks
                   ;
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   well
                   enough
                   acquainted
                   with
                   their
                   Tast
                   ,
                   Colour
                   ,
                   Shape
                   and
                   Bigness
                   ;
                   and
                   do
                   indeed
                   make
                   some
                   account
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   
                   is
                   only
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   in
                   Sweet-meats
                   as
                   well
                   dry
                   as
                   wet
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   not
                   a
                   very
                   delicious
                   Fruit
                   to
                   eat
                   raw
                   in
                   any
                   great
                   quantity
                   ;
                   yet
                   in
                   the
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   ripe
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   Pleasure
                   enough
                   in
                   gathering
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   one
                   ,
                   to
                   eat
                   upon
                   the
                   Spot
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   grow
                   pretty
                   good
                   ones
                   upon
                   great
                   
                     Standard
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   they
                   grow
                   all
                   tanned
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   speckled
                   with
                   little
                   red
                   spots
                   that
                   recreate
                   the
                   Sight
                   ,
                   and
                   stir
                   up
                   the
                   Appetite
                   with
                   a
                   much
                   richer
                   and
                   more
                   exquisite
                   tast
                   than
                   they
                   have
                   upon
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   But
                   then
                   in
                   recompense
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   VVall
                   augments
                   their
                   bigness
                   ,
                   and
                   gives
                   them
                   an
                   admirable
                   Vermilion
                   ,
                   and
                   principally
                   ,
                   it
                   secures
                   us
                   of
                   a
                   more
                   certain
                   crop
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   both
                   sorts
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   equally
                   good
                   for
                   preserving
                   ;
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   sugred
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   most
                   commonly
                   of
                   a
                   substance
                   too
                   like
                   Dough.
                   There
                   are
                   few
                   Gardens
                   where
                   there
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   some
                   one
                   Tree
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   This
                   Fruit
                   is
                   early
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   appear
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   a
                   small
                   sort
                   called
                   the
                   
                     Hasting
                     Apricock
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   must
                   
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   full
                   South
                   Quarter
                   ;
                   the
                   Pulp
                   of
                   this
                   latter
                   is
                   very
                   white
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Leaf
                   rounder
                   and
                   greener
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   never
                   a
                   whit
                   better
                   than
                   they
                   for
                   that
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Ordinary
                     Apricocks
                  
                   which
                   are
                   much
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   a
                   Yellow
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   ripen
                   not
                   
                   till
                   about
                   the
                   Middle
                   of
                   July
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   have
                   Walling
                   enough
                   to
                   spare
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   we
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   want
                   wherewithall
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   our
                   Compotes
                   ,
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   ,
                   a
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   very
                   surprising
                   to
                   consider
                   ,
                   that
                   Fire
                   and
                   Sugar
                   should
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   raise
                   up
                   and
                   awaken
                   in
                   an
                   Apricock
                   when
                   preserved
                   ,
                   a
                   certain
                   perfume
                   which
                   was
                   not
                   perceivable
                   ,
                   but
                   seemed
                   to
                   lie
                   Dormant
                   while
                   it
                   was
                   raw
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   reason
                   why
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   planted
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   because
                   ,
                   putting
                   forth
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   very
                   early
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   a
                   Season
                   much
                   traversed
                   with
                   white
                   hoar
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   mortal
                   influence
                   to
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   from
                   what
                   side
                   soever
                   the
                   cold
                   wind
                   comes
                   to
                   blow
                   full
                   upon
                   them
                   ;
                   it
                   certainly
                   freezes
                   and
                   nips
                   those
                   Blossoms
                   dead
                   ,
                   and
                   le
                   ts
                   but
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   escape
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   the
                   Winds
                   that
                   reign
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   every
                   year
                   blow
                   full
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   four
                   Walls
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   shall
                   happen
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   afflicted
                   with
                   their
                   pernicious
                   Blasts
                   ,
                   may
                   at
                   least
                   recompense
                   us
                   for
                   the
                   loss
                   our
                   Trees
                   may
                   have
                   suffered
                   on
                   other
                   sides
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   we
                   have
                   had
                   of
                   these
                   Fruits
                   on
                   the
                   North-side
                   Wall
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   could
                   have
                   none
                   neither
                   on
                   the
                   
                     Eastern
                     ,
                     Southern
                  
                   ,
                   nor
                   Western
                   Quarters
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   the
                   happy
                   side
                   is
                   only
                   on
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   on
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   again
                   ,
                   only
                   on
                   the
                   West
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   our
                   convenience
                   will
                   permit
                   us
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   venture
                   some
                   Trees
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   not
                   fail
                   in
                   one
                   or
                   other
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   Apricocks
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   there
                   knit
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   number
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   fail
                   to
                   pluck
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   being
                   assured
                   of
                   this
                   Satisfaction
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   
                   lost
                   as
                   those
                   commonly
                   are
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   forced
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   small
                   and
                   green
                   ,
                   of
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   employed
                   in
                   making
                   green
                   Compotes
                   ,
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   dry
                   ones
                   too
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   so
                   very
                   good
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   should
                   hardly
                   dare
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   encouragement
                   of
                   experience
                   ,
                   to
                   hope
                   they
                   could
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   Anjou
                   we
                   have
                   commonly
                   a
                   little
                   sort
                   of
                   Apricock
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Kernel
                   so
                   sweet
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   would
                   almost
                   take
                   them
                   for
                   Filberts
                   ,
                   and
                   accordingly
                   we
                   often
                   crack
                   
                   the
                   Stones
                   for
                   to
                   eat
                   them
                   .
                   This
                   sort
                   of
                   Apricock
                   has
                   a
                   white
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   in
                   that
                   Country
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   grow
                   on
                   
                     Standard
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   it
                   which
                   has
                   so
                   well
                   established
                   the
                   Reputation
                   of
                   their
                   Goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   very
                   hot
                   Years
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   was
                   the
                   Year
                   1676.
                   if
                   there
                   chance
                   to
                   remain
                   any
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   for
                   any
                   long
                   time
                   upon
                   our
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   they
                   acquire
                   there
                   almost
                   the
                   same
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   do
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   preserved
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   have
                   quite
                   lost
                   a
                   certain
                   sharpness
                   which
                   is
                   natural
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   proved
                   to
                   our
                   great
                   Surprize
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   then
                   ran
                   through
                   and
                   examined
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   employed
                   in
                   stocking
                   our
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   dispose
                   of
                   them
                   against
                   our
                   Walls
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   Order
                   of
                   Rank
                   and
                   Precedence
                   ,
                   as
                   their
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   Excellencies
                   shall
                   deserve
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   let
                   me
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   I
                   will
                   call
                   a
                   good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   First
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   posited
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   that
                   which
                   makes
                   Fruits
                   most
                   forward
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   esteem
                   almost
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   preceeding
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   shall
                   call
                   a
                   midling
                   or
                   indifferent
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   towards
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   bad
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   towards
                   the
                   North.
                   This
                   being
                   laid
                   down
                   as
                   a
                   Ground
                   ,
                   my
                   
                   Advice
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   has
                   but
                   never
                   so
                   small
                   a
                   Proportion
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   plant
                   a
                   Fig-tree
                   there
                   of
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Round
                  
                   sort
                   ,
                   which
                   of
                   all
                   Figs
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   without
                   Contradiction
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   and
                   since
                   whatever
                   it
                   cost
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   few
                   Figs
                   ,
                   he
                   can
                   never
                   choose
                   a
                   better
                   sort
                   than
                   that
                   .
                   This
                   Wall
                   -
                   Fig-tree
                   alone
                   will
                   require
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   foot
                   of
                   Wall.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   the
                   least
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   five
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   of
                   Wall
                   on
                   
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   on
                   another
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   supposed
                   to
                   have
                   about
                   twenty
                   four
                   yards
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   as
                   South
                   ,
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   of
                   midling
                   or
                   indifferent
                   ,
                   and
                   eight
                   or
                   ten
                   of
                   bad
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   first
                   placed
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   one
                   a
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   just
                   at
                   the
                   corner
                   joyning
                   the
                   Southern
                   and
                   Eastern
                   Wall
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   place
                   I
                   design
                   in
                   all
                   Gardens
                   for
                   the
                   Fig-trees
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   best
                   to
                   defend
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   North
                   Winds
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   Galern
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     North
                     North-West
                  
                   Wind
                   ,
                   which
                   reigns
                   commonly
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   putting
                   forth
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   called
                   Fig-Flowers
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   at
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   this
                   Wind
                   is
                   seldom
                   without
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   it
                   most
                   unmercifully
                   destroys
                   those
                   poor
                   little
                   Infant
                   -
                   Figs
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   very
                   tender
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   but
                   newly
                   born
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   resist
                   the
                   rigour
                   of
                   a
                   Frost
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   united
                   shelter
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Walls
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   South
                   ,
                   meeting
                   in
                   one
                   corner
                   ,
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   guard
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   Violence
                   of
                   that
                   their
                   Enemy
                   ;
                   however
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   mean
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fig-Tree
                   should
                   be
                   always
                   placed
                   just
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   corner
                   ,
                   but
                   near
                   it
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   by
                   the
                   South
                   Wall
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   the
                   Eastern
                   one
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   other
                   be
                   wanting
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Fig-tree
                   is
                   placed
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   perhaps
                   remain
                   still
                   to
                   us
                   in
                   that
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   about
                   twenty
                   yards
                   of
                   good
                   Walling
                   ,
                   supposing
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   sides
                   be
                   not
                   employed
                   in
                   the
                   facing
                   of
                   a
                   Building
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Rails
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ordinary
                   enough
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   our
                   good
                   Expositions
                   will
                   be
                   so
                   much
                   lessened
                   ,
                   and
                   our
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   likewise
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   if
                   by
                   good
                   chance
                   ,
                   that
                   Building
                   or
                   piece
                   of
                   Rails
                   ,
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   on
                   the
                   Western
                   or
                   Northern
                   side
                   ,
                   there
                   will
                   still
                   remain
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   just
                   now
                   said
                   ,
                   about
                   twenty
                   yards
                   of
                   good
                   Walling
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   shall
                   serve
                   for
                   six
                   Trees
                   ,
                   allowing
                   eight
                   Foot
                   extent
                   to
                   each
                   Tree
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   abovesaid
                   Regulation
                   ,
                   upon
                   this
                   Supposition
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   inclosures
                   should
                   be
                   about
                   nine
                   foot
                   high
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   these
                   six
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   advise
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   five
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigron
                     Plum-Tree
                  
                   .
                   I
                   name
                   first
                   the
                   sive
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   because
                   commonly
                   there
                   is
                   hardly
                   any
                   Body
                   that
                   has
                   never
                   so
                   little
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   but
                   absolutely
                   resolves
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   Peaches
                   whatsoever
                   else
                   he
                   wants
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   room
                   for
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   any
                   Gentleman
                   would
                   be
                   much
                   in
                   
                   the
                   wrong
                   not
                   to
                   place
                   among
                   them
                   one
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum-tree
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   have
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   August
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   beautiful
                   Plums
                   that
                   are
                   reasonably
                   large
                   and
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   flourished
                   over
                   their
                   reddish
                   Violet
                   colour
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   charming
                   Dew
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   so
                   marvellously
                   delicious
                   for
                   their
                   fine
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   and
                   high
                   Taste
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   Plum-tree
                   must
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   have
                   too
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   places
                   about
                   the
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   no
                   pleasure
                   can
                   be
                   expected
                   from
                   it
                   .
                   We
                   shall
                   also
                   place
                   here
                   some
                   certain
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   agree
                   better
                   thant
                   hat
                   does
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Exposition
                   but
                   indifferently
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   examine
                   then
                   seriously
                   which
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   those
                   five
                   Favourite
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peach-trees
                   
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   plant
                   here
                   ,
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   with
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   the
                   little
                   room
                   we
                   have
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   for
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   bring
                   small
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Troy-Peach
                   be
                   to
                   my
                   liking
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   that
                   can
                   grow
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   better
                   to
                   stay
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   before
                   we
                   begin
                   to
                   have
                   Peaches
                   in
                   our
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   large
                   Stones
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   first
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   here
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   most
                   certain
                   and
                   constant
                   in
                   bearing
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   least
                   subject
                   to
                   be
                   poster'd
                   with
                   Ants
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   Rule
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     ,
                     Maudlins
                  
                   will
                   likewise
                   be
                   excluded
                   for
                   their
                   smallness
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   Troy.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   in
                   truth
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   the
                   most
                   delicious
                   and
                   perfumed
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   most
                   vinous
                   ,
                   rich
                   ,
                   and
                   noble
                   taste
                   of
                   all
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   with
                   good
                   right
                   ,
                   might
                   claim
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   both
                   here
                   and
                   every
                   where
                   else
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   large
                   enough
                   .
                   The
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   has
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   qualities
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   desired
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   no
                   bad
                   ones
                   ;
                   It
                   produces
                   a
                   goodly
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   our
                   roundest
                   and
                   largest
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   lovely
                   Colour
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   a
                   firm
                   ,
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   melting
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   a
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   vinous
                   ,
                   rich
                   ,
                   and
                   exquisite
                   taste
                   ;
                   it
                   has
                   but
                   a
                   small
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   not
                   subject
                   to
                   degenerate
                   into
                   a
                   Doughy
                   Substance
                   ;
                   it
                   remains
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   delight
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   ripens
                   about
                   Mid-September
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   of
                   great
                   increase
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   a
                   Word
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   accomplished
                   Peaches
                   we
                   know
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   would
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   plant
                   any
                   Garden
                   without
                   some
                   Tree
                   of
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   too
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   I
                   had
                   room
                   but
                   for
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   without
                   doubt
                   preferr
                   the
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   before
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   do
                   really
                   excell
                   it
                   in
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   should
                   take
                   the
                   contrary
                   resolution
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   both
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   bigness
                   .
                   This
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   grows
                   kindly
                   enough
                   in
                   
                     Midling
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   still
                   better
                   in
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   to
                   manage
                   well
                   the
                   little
                   room
                   we
                   have
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   better
                   to
                   place
                   this
                   Peach
                   near
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   kinds
                   ,
                   and
                   where
                   ever
                   we
                   have
                   convenience
                   to
                   plant
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   best
                   to
                   separate
                   them
                   by
                   placing
                   one
                   in
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   to
                   contrive
                   to
                   have
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   at
                   least
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Situation
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   we
                   may
                   take
                   advantage
                   of
                   experimenting
                   what
                   this
                   kind
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   here
                   two
                   things
                   more
                   to
                   say
                   concerning
                   this
                   Peach
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   no
                   mind
                   neither
                   to
                   forget
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   put
                   off
                   to
                   another
                   place
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Maxim
                   I
                   have
                   above
                   laid
                   down
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peaches
                  
                   that
                   ripen
                   last
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   they
                   having
                   had
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   Peaches
                   need
                   for
                   the
                   acquiring
                   of
                   a
                   perfect
                   maturity
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   Fruits
                   to
                   ripen
                   or
                   mellow
                   off
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   ,
                   though
                   one
                   may
                   keep
                   them
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   days
                   without
                   spoiling
                   ;
                   where
                   note
                   ,
                   that
                   unless
                   its
                   Tree
                   be
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   this
                   Peach
                   is
                   very
                   subject
                   to
                   fall
                   off
                   half
                   ripe
                   ,
                   greenish
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   downy
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   all
                   the
                   vinous
                   and
                   lively
                   taste
                   it
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   degenerates
                   into
                   bitterness
                   and
                   sowreness
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Pulp
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   fine
                   and
                   melting
                   is
                   course
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   dry
                   .
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   its
                   Stone
                   is
                   bigger
                   than
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   gapes
                   ,
                   all
                   very
                   ill
                   signs
                   and
                   Symptoms
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   see
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   found
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   never
                   fail
                   to
                   appear
                   in
                   all
                   Peaches
                   that
                   fall
                   of
                   themselves
                   before
                   they
                   be
                   full
                   ripe
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   whence
                   I
                   draw
                   my
                   second
                   Observation
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   Trees
                   have
                   any
                   of
                   
                   those
                   defects
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   reckon
                   no
                   more
                   upon
                   them
                   almost
                   than
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   dead
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   case
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   prune
                   and
                   cut
                   them
                   very
                   close
                   ,
                   to
                   try
                   if
                   being
                   reduced
                   to
                   a
                   less
                   extent
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   shoot
                   forth
                   fairer
                   and
                   sounder
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   bear
                   better
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   put
                   our Selves
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   repair
                   the
                   loss
                   we
                   are
                   like
                   to
                   have
                   in
                   those
                   diseased
                   Trees
                   ,
                   by
                   timely
                   planting
                   some
                   good
                   Tree
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   in
                   the
                   best
                   place
                   we
                   can
                   choose
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   seasonable
                   provision
                   and
                   precaution
                   ,
                   we
                   Shall
                   run
                   the
                   hazard
                   of
                   languishing
                   under
                   the
                   displeasure
                   of
                   having
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   nothing
                   but
                   Scurvy
                   Peaches
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   the
                   best
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   since
                   we
                   have
                   room
                   here
                   for
                   five
                   Peach-trees
                   we
                   must
                   needs
                   have
                   the
                   Minion
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Belle
                     Chevreuse
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Fair
                     Chevreuse
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Goat
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   number
                   ,
                   and
                   accordingly
                   we
                   shall
                   dispose
                   of
                   our
                   twelve
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Fig-tree
                     shall
                     take
                     the
                     two
                     first
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     space
                     between
                     the
                     third
                     and
                     fourth
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     fourth
                     to
                     the
                     fifth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Violes
                     Hasting
                     peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     fifth
                     to
                     the
                     sixth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Minion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     sixth
                     to
                     the
                     seventh
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     seventh
                     to
                     the
                     eighth
                     shall
                     remain
                     void
                     ,
                     the
                     better
                     to
                     facilitate
                     the
                     distances
                     between
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     about
                     eight
                     Foot.
                     
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     eighth
                     to
                     the
                     ninth
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Nivette
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     ninth
                     to
                     the
                     tenth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     tenth
                     to
                     the
                     eleventh
                     shall
                     remain
                     void
                     .
                  
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     to
                     the
                     eleventh
                     to
                     the
                     twelfth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Minion
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   certainly
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   beautiful
                   Peach
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   seen
                   .
                   
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   large
                   ,
                   very
                   red
                   ,
                   sattin-skin'd
                   ,
                   and
                   round
                   .
                   It
                   ripens
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   those
                   of
                   its
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   a
                   sine
                   and
                   very
                   melting
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   very
                   small
                   Stone
                   ;
                   its
                   taste
                   indeed
                   is
                   not
                   always
                   the
                   richest
                   nor
                   briskest
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   faint
                   and
                   flat
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   shall
                   not
                   hinder
                   it
                   from
                   being
                   the
                   third
                   in
                   order
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Fair
                     Chevreuse
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Goat-Peach
                   ,
                   describes
                   to
                   us
                   in
                   its
                   beautiful
                   name
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   part
                   
                   of
                   its
                   excellency
                   ;
                   it
                   ripens
                   next
                   after
                   the
                   Minion
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   the
                   Violet-peach
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Admirable
                   succeeds
                   the
                   Violet
                   ,
                   and
                   comes
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   the
                   Nivette
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   these
                   five
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   furnish'd
                   for
                   about
                   six
                   Weeks
                   together
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   uninterrupted
                   successive
                   supply
                   of
                   the
                   goodliest
                   and
                   best
                   Peaches
                   of
                   all
                   our
                   Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Chevreuse
                   has
                   some
                   very
                   considerable
                   advantages
                   ;
                   for
                   first
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   hardly
                   inferiour
                   
                   to
                   any
                   in
                   largeness
                   ,
                   in
                   beauty
                   of
                   colour
                   ,
                   in
                   godly
                   shape
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   longish
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sugred
                   and
                   well
                   relish'd
                   juice
                   ,
                   and
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   further
                   excells
                   in
                   the
                   great
                   increase
                   it
                   yields
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   I
                   place
                   it
                   here
                   for
                   the
                   
                   fourth
                   .
                   It
                   has
                   no
                   other
                   fault
                   ,
                   than
                   that
                   sometimes
                   its
                   pulp
                   grows
                   Doughy
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   never
                   contracts
                   that
                   fault
                   but
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   let
                   to
                   ripen
                   too
                   much
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   it
                   grows
                   in
                   a
                   cold
                   and
                   moist
                   Soil
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   it
                   meets
                   with
                   a
                   Summer
                   that
                   is
                   neither
                   hot
                   enough
                   nor
                   dry
                   enough
                   .
                   It
                   most
                   particularly
                   requires
                   to
                   be
                   placed
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   or
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Grounds
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   over
                   moist
                   :
                   it
                   do's
                   well
                   enough
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Western
                     Exposition
                  
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   sort
                   of
                   Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   commonest
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   plant
                   them
                   only
                   to
                   sell
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Velvet-peach
                   ,
                   is
                   likewise
                   in
                   my
                   opinion
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   fair
                   and
                   large
                   Peach
                   ;
                   it
                   has
                   so
                   fine
                   a
                   colour
                   both
                   within
                   and
                   without
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   agreeable
                   
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   .
                   It
                   has
                   all
                   the
                   internal
                   good
                   qualities
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   Pulp
                   and
                   Juice
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   smallness
                   of
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   loads
                   its
                   Trees
                   with
                   great
                   abundance
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   quite
                   so
                   round
                   as
                   the
                   Minions
                   and
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   comes
                   near
                   enough
                   that
                   Figure
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   grows
                   upon
                   a
                   sound
                   Branch
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   horned
                   ,
                   and
                   inclining
                   to
                   a
                   longish
                   shape
                   .
                   It
                   ripens
                   about
                   the
                   twentieth
                   of
                   September
                   ,
                   just
                   when
                   the
                   Admirables
                   begin
                   to
                   go
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   good
                   qualities
                   as
                   it
                   produces
                   to
                   maintain
                   its
                   claim
                   ,
                   who
                   dare
                   dispute
                   it
                   admittance
                   among
                   the
                   Wall-trees
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   room
                   for
                   five
                   
                     Peach
                     trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   our
                   midling
                   Exposition
                   cannot
                   contain
                   above
                   four
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   would
                   fill
                   it
                   up
                   
                   with
                   one
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   or
                   Goat-peach
                   ;
                   one
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-tree
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   one
                   Purple
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   a
                   Vinous-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   last
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Peach-trees
                   that
                   bears
                   in
                   greatest
                   abundance
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   my
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   
                   in
                   little
                   Gardens
                   we
                   should
                   chiefly
                   aim
                   at
                   abundance
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   I
                   preferr
                   it
                   before
                   the
                   Bourdin
                   ,
                   though
                   that
                   in
                   reality
                   ;
                   be
                   the
                   better
                   tasted
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   thrives
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Westerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   yields
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   Fruit.
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   place
                   any
                   Maudlin-peaches
                   in
                   this
                   Exposition
                   neither
                   ,
                   nor
                   any
                   
                     Minions
                     ,
                     Dandilli's
                     Bellegardes
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   because
                   they
                   thrive
                   not
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   all
                   apt
                   there
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Pulp
                   too
                   much
                   like
                   Dough.
                   This
                   Purple-peach
                   denotes
                   its
                   colour
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   its
                   names
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   quality
                   of
                   its
                   tast
                   by
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   brown
                   dark
                   red
                   colour
                   ,
                   that
                   penetrates
                   pretty
                   much
                   into
                   its
                   Pulp
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   round
                   and
                   indifferent
                   large
                   ,
                   its
                   Pulp
                   is
                   pretty
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   taste
                   rich
                   and
                   exquisite
                   :
                   In
                   a
                   word
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   very
                   well
                   maintain
                   its
                   place
                   in
                   this
                   little
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   four
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   shall
                   be
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   content
                   
                   with
                   the
                   distance
                   of
                   seven
                   foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ;
                   and
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Orange
                     green
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Verte
                     longue
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     green
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   all
                   Pears
                   that
                   bear
                   speedily
                   ,
                   easily
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   great
                   abundance
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   little
                   Garden
                   whose
                   Walls
                   contain
                   but
                   about
                   twenty
                   two
                   or
                   twenty
                   four
                   
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   compass
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   yet
                   have
                   sixteen
                   of
                   the
                   choicest
                   Fruit-trees
                   ;
                   namely
                   ,
                   one
                   white
                   Fig-tree
                   ,
                   one
                   Violet-Perdrigon-plum-tree
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-tree
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   Pear-trees
                   .
                   The
                   
                     Peach
                     trees
                  
                   shall
                   be
                   three
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   one
                   Violet-Hasting
                   ,
                   one
                   Minion
                   ,
                   two
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   or
                   Goat-peaches
                   ,
                   one
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Purple-peach
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   four
                   Pear-trees
                   shall
                   be
                   two
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Verte
                     longue
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     green
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Orange-green
                     pear
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   thus
                   furnished
                   eleven
                   or
                   twelve
                   Toises
                   of
                   
                     good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   midling
                   ,
                   and
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Toises
                   ,
                   or
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   yards
                   of
                   bad
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   in
                   all
                   four
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   that
                   contains
                   no
                   more
                   in
                   
                   its
                   four
                   Walls
                   ;
                   I
                   think
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   prosecuting
                   the
                   execution
                   of
                   my
                   design
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   pertinent
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   continue
                   my
                   directions
                   for
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   about
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   for
                   the
                   Eastern
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   as
                   many
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   to
                   employ
                   the
                   remaining
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   the
                   two
                   other
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   allotting
                   the
                   one
                   half
                   to
                   the
                   Midling
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   half
                   to
                   the
                   
                     bad
                     one
                  
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   fill
                   up
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   augmenting
                   still
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   each
                   time
                   ,
                   till
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Methinks
                   that
                   in
                   this
                   Scheme
                   or
                   Project
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   may
                   without
                   trouble
                   or
                   Confusion
                   find
                   what
                   they
                   shall
                   need
                   for
                   the
                   stocking
                   of
                   their
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   sine
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Directions
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   give
                   there
                   ,
                   may
                   afford
                   sufficient
                   light
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   a
                   greater
                   extent
                   of
                   Walling
                   to
                   stock
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   fill
                   it
                   up
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   I
                   dare
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   for
                   the
                   Garden
                   of
                   some
                   Great
                   King
                   ,
                   that
                   any
                   private
                   Subject
                   will
                   find
                   he
                   has
                   a
                   terrible
                   quantity
                   of
                   Wall
                   trees
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   has
                   1200
                   Toises
                   or
                   
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   viz.
                   600
                   of
                   very
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   300
                   midling
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   300
                   bad
                   ones
                   .
                   That
                   is
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   know
                   the
                   Consequence
                   ,
                   a
                   number
                   great
                   enough
                   to
                   fright
                   any
                   Man
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   difficulty
                   he
                   will
                   find
                   in
                   ordering
                   and
                   managing
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   .
                
                 
                   Add
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   we
                   suppute
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   Peaches
                   which
                   every
                   Peach-tree
                   may
                   reasonably
                   yield
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   years
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   expect
                   from
                   every
                   hundred
                   Stocks
                   
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   thousand
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   though
                   every
                   Stock
                   should
                   yield
                   but
                   fifty
                   or
                   threescore
                   each
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   will
                   that
                   be
                   in
                   comparison
                   of
                   the
                   crop
                   they
                   will
                   yield
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   shall
                   bear
                   twice
                   as
                   many
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   may
                   easily
                   do
                   at
                   the
                   age
                   of
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   Years
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   To
                   proceed
                   then
                   ,
                   having
                   already
                   furnished
                   twelve
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   minded
                   to
                   continue
                   on
                   to
                   thirty
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   reckon
                   that
                   the
                   space
                   from
                   the
                   
                     twelfth
                     to
                     the
                     thirteenth
                     Toise
                     or
                     Fathom
                     ,
                     will
                     afford
                     us
                     over
                     and
                     above
                     the
                     former
                     Number
                     ,
                     one
                     second
                     Minion
                     Peach-tree
                     .
                  
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     thirteenth
                     to
                     the
                     fourteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   place
                   nothing
                   
                     in
                     the
                     space
                     between
                     the
                     fourteenth
                     and
                     fifteenth
                     ,
                     the
                     better
                     to
                     make
                     room
                     for
                     the
                     distances
                     of
                     others
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     the
                     fifteenth
                     to
                     the
                     sixteenth
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     sixteenth
                     to
                     the
                     seventeenth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     white
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     seventeenth
                     to
                     the
                     eighteenth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Persick
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     eighteenth
                     to
                     the
                     nineteenth
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Common
                     Apricock
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     nineteenth
                     to
                     the
                     twentieth
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     left
                     void
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     greater
                     scope
                     for
                     the
                     other
                     distances
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   We
                   cannot
                   speak
                   well
                   enough
                   of
                   the
                   white
                   
                     Maudlin
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   planted
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Soil
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   well
                   exposed
                   ,
                   only
                   the
                   Ants
                   make
                   War
                   a
                   little
                   too
                   much
                   against
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   
                   what
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                   we
                   know
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   secure
                   it
                   from
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   reproachful
                   misfortune
                   does
                   it
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   prejudice
                   among
                   the
                   Curious
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   see
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   bear
                   abundance
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   good
                   Grounds
                   to
                   say
                   with
                   some
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   one
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   the
                   little
                   one
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   for
                   all
                   that
                   ,
                   neither
                   by
                   their
                   Flower
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   both
                   is
                   large
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   but
                   a
                   little
                   blush
                   of
                   Red
                   ,
                   nor
                   by
                   the
                   Leaf
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   both
                   is
                   large
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   much
                   dented
                   ,
                   nor
                   by
                   their
                   ripening
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   to
                   both
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   being
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   nor
                   by
                   their
                   colour
                   ,
                   bigness
                   ,
                   shape
                   ,
                   juice
                   ,
                   taste
                   ,
                   nor
                   Stone
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   alike
                   in
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   no
                   ,
                   not
                   by
                   all
                   these
                   marks
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   which
                   ought
                   to
                   constitute
                   an
                   essential
                   difference
                   ,
                   can
                   I
                   find
                   sufficient
                   reason
                   to
                   perswade
                   me
                   to
                   embrace
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   think
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   distinct
                   sorts
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   large
                   ,
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   half
                   flat
                   ,
                   very
                   much
                   painted
                   with
                   red
                   on
                   the
                   Sunny
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   a
                   fine
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   a
                   sweet
                   and
                   sugred
                   juice
                   ,
                   a
                   rich
                   taste
                   ,
                   no
                   red
                   about
                   their
                   Stone
                   ,
                   which
                   Stone
                   in
                   them
                   both
                   ,
                   is
                   short
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   round
                   ,
                   all
                   which
                   considered
                   ,
                   suspends
                   my
                   Judgment
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Point
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   two
                   different
                   kinds
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   observed
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   both
                   produce
                   very
                   goodly
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   brought
                   up
                   stocks
                   both
                   of
                   that
                   pretended
                   sort
                   that
                   yielded
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   that
                   that
                   bore
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   some
                   grafts
                   from
                   that
                   which
                   bore
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   and
                   grafted
                   them
                   upon
                   those
                   that
                   bore
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   yet
                   the
                   Trees
                   they
                   produced
                   ,
                   yielded
                   me
                   very
                   little
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   in
                   Conclusion
                   ,
                   I
                   believe
                   this
                   difference
                   in
                   their
                   bearing
                   ,
                   proceeds
                   only
                   from
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   vigour
                   of
                   the
                   stock
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ;
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   produces
                   greater
                   main
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   fewer
                   small
                   shoots
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   produces
                   lesser
                   main
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   small
                   shoots
                   ;
                   now
                   the
                   main
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                   times
                   inculcated
                   ,
                   yield
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   't
                   is
                   the
                   small
                   shoots
                   only
                   that
                   are
                   
                   the
                   bearing
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   we
                   give
                   but
                   a
                   larger
                   extent
                   of
                   Wall
                   to
                   these
                   strong
                   and
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   them
                   thick
                   Branches
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   them
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   ordinary
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   see
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   have
                   more
                   room
                   to
                   spend
                   their
                   fury
                   in
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   put
                   forth
                   no
                   more
                   such
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   but
                   will
                   shoot
                   out
                   more
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   will
                   give
                   us
                   more
                   Satisfaction
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Persick
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   a
                   Fruit
                   of
                   a
                   marvellous
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   ;
                   no
                   less
                   admirable
                   taste
                   ;
                   it
                   
                   is
                   longish
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   qualities
                   we
                   can
                   wish
                   it
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   in
                   health
                   ,
                   and
                   grows
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   exposed
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   the
                   Stones
                   come
                   pretty
                   near
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Persick
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   longish
                   ,
                   the
                   Pulp
                   which
                   is
                   next
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   but
                   very
                   little
                   tinged
                   with
                   Red.
                   It
                   ripens
                   just
                   when
                   the
                   Chevreuse
                   or
                   Goat-peach
                   is
                   going
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   the
                   Admirable
                   comes
                   in
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   very
                   commodiously
                   chooses
                   the
                   time
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   advantageous
                   to
                   us
                   .
                   To
                   go
                   on
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     Twentieth
                     to
                     the
                     One
                     and
                     Twentieth
                     Toise
                     ,
                     or
                     Fathom
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     the
                     place
                     of
                     a
                     Third
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   space
                   between
                   the
                   One
                   and
                   Two
                   and
                   Twentieth
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   mind
                   to
                   
                   place
                   a
                   Violet
                   Brugnon
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   this
                   Number
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   one
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   carry
                   a
                   good
                   way
                   without
                   spoiling
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   particular
                   value
                   for
                   this
                   sort
                   of
                   Brugnon
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   has
                   time
                   enough
                   to
                   come
                   to
                   so
                   full
                   a
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   grow
                   a
                   little
                   shriveled
                   and
                   wrinkled
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   for
                   then
                   in
                   truth
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   most
                   admirable
                   Fruit
                   :
                   The
                   Pulp
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   reasonably
                   tender
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   is
                   not
                   hard
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   pretty
                   much
                   painted
                   with
                   Red
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Stone
                   ;
                   and
                   its
                   Juice
                   and
                   Tast
                   are
                   enchantingly
                   delicious
                   .
                   So
                   many
                   good
                   Qualities
                   therefore
                   cannot
                   but
                   justifie
                   my
                   Choice
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     space
                     from
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Second
                     Toise
                     ,
                     or
                     Fathom
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Third
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     First
                  
                   Troy-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Third
                     to
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Fourth
                     ,
                     should
                     remain
                     void
                     .
                  
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Fourth
                     to
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Fifth
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     First
                     St.
                  
                   Catharine-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   before
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   concerning
                   their
                   smallness
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   Ripening
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   good
                   Tast
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   nothing
                   else
                   to
                   add
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   much
                   tinged
                   with
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   round
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   kind
                   of
                   Teat
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   ;
                   their
                   Flower
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Size
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   are
                   very
                   unhappy
                   that
                   we
                   cannot
                   defend
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   Ants
                   :
                   The
                   Trees
                   ,
                   neither
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   the
                   Avant
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   so
                   large
                   as
                   other
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   something
                   less
                   place
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   amount
                   to
                   the
                   retrenching
                   of
                   a
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   for
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   :
                   They
                   last
                   not
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   St.
                   Catharine-Plum
                   Planted
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   
                   Soil
                   ,
                   will
                   certainly
                   surprize
                   both
                   those
                   that
                   know
                   it
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   thinking
                   they
                   know
                   it
                   ,
                   disesteem
                   it
                   :
                   For
                   in
                   this
                   situation
                   ,
                   there
                   can
                   hardly
                   grow
                   a
                   better
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   allowed
                   time
                   to
                   Ripen
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   grows
                   wrinkled
                   about
                   the
                   Stalk
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   a
                   White
                   or
                   Pale
                   Yellowish
                   Plum
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   longish
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   large
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   parts
                   very
                   clean
                   from
                   its
                   Stone
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   cannot
                   tell
                   whether
                   I
                   may
                   not
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   ill
                   report
                   it
                   always
                   had
                   to
                   be
                   absolutely
                   good
                   for
                   nothing
                   else
                   but
                   to
                   make
                   Prunes
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   have
                   done
                   it
                   the
                   honour
                   to
                   advance
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   choice
                   station
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ;
                   but
                   truly
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   it
                   so
                   well
                   to
                   answer
                   my
                   expectation
                   there
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   cannot
                   sufficiently
                   extoll
                   it
                   in
                   that
                   respect
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   always
                   a
                   great
                   searcher
                   out
                   of
                   Experiments
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   likewise
                   made
                   trial
                   ,
                   whether
                   there
                   might
                   not
                   be
                   some
                   other
                   Plums
                   which
                   might
                   find
                   some
                   assistance
                   from
                   the
                   Wall
                   towards
                   the
                   improvement
                   of
                   their
                   Excellence
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   and
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   found
                   ,
                   had
                   done
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   afterwards
                   more
                   amply
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   meeting
                   with
                   any
                   good
                   success
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   only
                   found
                   that
                   they
                   very
                   much
                   dishonoured
                   themselves
                   in
                   that
                   Noble
                   Situation
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Wall
                   has
                   almost
                   the
                   same
                   effects
                   upon
                   these
                   good
                   Plums
                   ,
                   as
                   boiling
                   Sugar
                   has
                   upon
                   some
                   certain
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   very
                   notably
                   improves
                   in
                   goodness
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   Apricocks
                   ;
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   it
                   as
                   sensibly
                   spoils
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   commonly
                   Butter-pears
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   Ripe
                   enough
                   to
                   be
                   Eaten
                   Raw.
                   
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   well
                   enough
                   satisfied
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   but
                   few
                   Plums
                   receive
                   any
                   addition
                   of
                   perfection
                   by
                   the
                   influence
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   since
                   at
                   least
                   by
                   making
                   trial
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   now
                   convinced
                   of
                   the
                   vanity
                   of
                   the
                   hopes
                   I
                   once
                   had
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   consequence
                   ,
                   am
                   now
                   able
                   to
                   save
                   any
                   other
                   Gentleman
                   that
                   may
                   have
                   the
                   same
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   the
                   expence
                   of
                   time
                   and
                   pains
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   at
                   ,
                   to
                   content
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     the
                     space
                     from
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Fifth
                     to
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Sixth
                     Toise
                     ,
                     or
                     Fathom
                     ,
                     we
                     will
                     place
                     a
                     first
                     Yellow
                  
                   Admirable-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   
                     And
                     in
                     that
                     from
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Sixth
                     to
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Seventh
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     latter
                  
                   Violet-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   before
                   I
                   tell
                   you
                   what
                   are
                   the
                   Excellencies
                   of
                   these
                   Two
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   advertise
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   must
                   have
                   the
                   choicest
                   places
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   will
                   pretend
                   they
                   should
                   attain
                   to
                   their
                   due
                   Maturity
                   ;
                   but
                   for
                   our
                   encouragement
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   expect
                   to
                   have
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   
                     Nivette
                     Peaches
                  
                   are
                   gone
                   ,
                   Two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   enough
                   commended
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   forward
                   Years
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   hot
                   and
                   dry
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   
                     Yellow
                     Latter
                     Admirable-Peach
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   also
                   called
                   the
                   Apricock-Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Sandalie
                   :
                   
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   Malacotoon
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Pavie
                  
                   is
                   a
                   Malacotoon
                   :
                   It
                   entirely
                   resembles
                   the
                   Admirable-Peach
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   shape
                   and
                   bigness
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   well
                   be
                   named
                   the
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirable
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   barely
                   ,
                   the
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   it
                   differs
                   in
                   the
                   Yellow
                   Colour
                   both
                   of
                   its
                   Skin
                   and
                   Pulp
                   .
                
                 
                   Both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   are
                   Coloured
                   pretty
                   much
                   with
                   Red
                   on
                   the
                   sunny-side
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Red
                   pierces
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   about
                   the
                   Stone
                   of
                   the
                   Yellow
                   one
                   ,
                   than
                   about
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   
                   White
                   one
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   Tast
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   deserves
                   to
                   be
                   here
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   subject
                   to
                   grow
                   Doughy
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   other
                   
                     Yellow
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                  
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Marble-Peach
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   needs
                   say
                   in
                   its
                   commendation
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   certainly
                   a
                   vinous
                   and
                   delicious
                   Tast
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   Ripens
                   well
                   ,
                   surpasses
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   :
                   We
                   could
                   only
                   wish
                   it
                   so
                   much
                   heat
                   as
                   it
                   needs
                   ,
                   for
                   assuredly
                   it
                   needs
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   .
                   It
                   grows
                   a
                   little
                   bigger
                   than
                   the
                   ordinary
                   Violet-Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   Coloured
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   Red
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   ;
                   from
                   which
                   difference
                   ,
                   it
                   had
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Marbled
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   very
                   often
                   it
                   is
                   indeed
                   but
                   whipped
                   or
                   striped
                   with
                   a
                   
                     Violet
                     Red
                  
                   :
                   Its
                   fault
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   Ripen
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   chap
                   and
                   burst
                   out
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Summer
                   or
                   Autumn
                   prove
                   too
                   moist
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   cold
                   :
                   It
                   produces
                   a
                   Sightly
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   tho'
                   there
                   be
                   not
                   Two
                   different
                   kinds
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   there
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     forward
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   yet
                   some
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   have
                   large
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   but
                   little
                   ones
                   ,
                   just
                   as
                   the
                   other
                   
                     Violet
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     We
                     must
                     place
                     between
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Seventh
                     and
                     Twenty
                     Eighth
                     Toise
                     ,
                     or
                     Fathom
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                  
                   Bourdin-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Between
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Eighth
                     and
                     Twenty
                     Ninth
                     we
                     shall
                     put
                     nothing
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     more
                     scope
                     for
                     the
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Between
                     the
                     Twenty
                     Ninth
                     and
                     the
                     Thirtieth
                     ,
                     we
                     will
                     put
                     a
                     first
                  
                   White
                   Avant-Peach
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Which
                   make
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   Two
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Trees
                   ,
                   at
                   Eight
                   Foot
                   distance
                   each
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   are
                   Four
                   Feet
                   over-plus
                   allowed
                   to
                   the
                   Fig-Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   have
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   to
                   it self
                   ,
                   when
                   't
                   is
                   alone
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   may
                   say
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   Bourdin-Peach
                   ,
                   almost
                   all
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   in
                   praise
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   saving
                   only
                   that
                   commonly
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   quite
                   so
                   large
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     Minions
                     ,
                     Chevreuses
                  
                   ,
                   
                   
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     Nivettes
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   tho'
                   sometimes
                   it
                   comes
                   very
                   near
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   when
                   because
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   old
                   ,
                   we
                   ease
                   it
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   its
                   Burthen
                   ,
                   by
                   pulling
                   off
                   some
                   of
                   its
                   green
                   Fruit.
                   The
                   new
                   planted
                   Trees
                   of
                   it
                   are
                   naturally
                   a
                   little
                   tedious
                   before
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   hindred
                   it
                   from
                   being
                   so
                   soon
                   admitted
                   into
                   little
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   when
                   once
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   extreamly
                   loaden
                   with
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   why
                   sometimes
                   its
                   Peaches
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   big
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   pluck
                   so
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   about
                   Midsummer
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   leave
                   only
                   a
                   reasonable
                   number
                   upon
                   each
                   Branch
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   grow
                   large
                   enough
                   .
                   What
                   remains
                   further
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   roundest
                   ,
                   best
                   coloured
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   agreeable
                   Peaches
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   inside
                   does
                   not
                   any
                   way
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   give
                   the
                   lye
                   to
                   their
                   fair
                   external
                   Physiognomy
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   when
                   all
                   is
                   summed
                   up
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   a
                   Peach
                   that
                   can
                   spoil
                   nothing
                   in
                   this
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   was
                   disposing
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   
                     Westerly
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   placed
                   four
                   Trees
                   ,
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   say
                   about
                   the
                   Purple-Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   remains
                   next
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   should
                   examine
                   wherein
                   the
                   Forward-Peach
                   ,
                   or
                   Avant-Peach
                   excells
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   principal
                   Excellency
                   is
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   among
                   the
                   Peaches
                   what
                   the
                   Little
                   
                   Hastings
                   are
                   among
                   the
                   Pears
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Cerisets
                   ,
                   or
                   little
                   Cherry-plums
                   are
                   among
                   the
                   Plums
                   .
                   It
                   commonly
                   beginning
                   to
                   be
                   ripe
                   a
                   month
                   before
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   effect
                   ,
                   it
                   assumes
                   a
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   grows
                   to
                   its
                   bigness
                   ,
                   and
                   ripens
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   of
                   July
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   small
                   and
                   roundish
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   teat
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   very
                   pale
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Sun
                   can
                   colour
                   it
                   red
                   ,
                   how
                   hot
                   soever
                   it
                   shine
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   it
                   does
                   the
                   Narbon-Peach
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   shall
                   afterwards
                   shew
                   .
                   It
                   has
                   a
                   Pulp
                   that
                   is
                   fine
                   enough
                   ,
                   but
                   very
                   subject
                   to
                   grow
                   Doughy
                   ;
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   little
                   smatch
                   of
                   a
                   Peach
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   ravished
                   to
                   taste
                   again
                   ,
                   
                   after
                   we
                   have
                   been
                   so
                   long
                   without
                   tasting
                   any
                   thing
                   like
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   most
                   especially
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   like
                   the
                   Aurora
                   or
                   
                     Morning
                     Star
                  
                   before
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   Fore-runner
                   to
                   tell
                   us
                   the
                   good
                   news
                   of
                   the
                   approach
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   thought
                   to
                   deserve
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Fore
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Fore-running
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   esteemed
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   only
                   its
                   fault
                   of
                   growing
                   doughy
                   excused
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   likewise
                   of
                   its
                   not
                   having
                   so
                   rich
                   and
                   brisk
                   a
                   taste
                   as
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   we
                   resolve
                   to
                   have
                   one
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach-tree
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   room
                   but
                   for
                   a
                   dozen
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   of
                   Peach-trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   would
                   not
                   give
                   it
                   time
                   enough
                   to
                   discover
                   all
                   its
                   faults
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   true
                   ,
                   we
                   make
                   less
                   use
                   of
                   it
                   raw
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   making
                   Composes
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   admirably
                   good
                   ;
                   its
                   Flower
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   largest
                   Size
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   so
                   pale
                   a
                   yellow
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   appears
                   almost
                   quite
                   white
                   ;
                   naturally
                   it
                   shoots
                   out
                   not
                   many
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   produces
                   no
                   Sightly
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   needs
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   room
                   as
                   the
                   very
                   Troy-Peach
                   ;
                   and
                   naturally
                   also
                   't
                   is
                   of
                   all
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   subject
                   to
                   be
                   annoyed
                   with
                   Ants
                   ,
                   which
                   inconvenience
                   made
                   me
                   not
                   very
                   hasty
                   to
                   introduce
                   it
                   sooner
                   among
                   the
                   two
                   and
                   twenty
                   Trees
                   we
                   have
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   thirty
                   first
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Before
                   we
                   enter
                   into
                   larger
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   to
                   look
                   out
                   there
                   for
                   a
                   greater
                   proportion
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Good
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   first
                   fill
                   up
                   conformably
                   to
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   above
                   proposed
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   we
                   can
                   guess
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   of
                   Midling
                   and
                   
                     Bad
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   Gardens
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   newly
                   disposed
                   of
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   there
                   was
                   in
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   Good
                   ones
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   both
                   those
                   two
                   together
                   ,
                   ought
                   not
                   regularly
                   to
                   take
                   up
                   more
                   Walling
                   than
                   the
                   two
                   Eastern
                   and
                   Southern
                   Quarters
                   together
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   probably
                   they
                   are
                   parallel
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   suppose
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   Wall
                   for
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   may
                   amount
                   to
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   apiece
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   thirty
                   for
                   them
                   both
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   are
                   thirty
                   for
                   the
                   two
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   fall
                   out
                   so
                   indeed
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Garden
                   were
                   perfectly
                   Square
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   really
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   less
                   agreeable
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   so
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   desirable
                   for
                   
                   the
                   forming
                   a
                   Garden
                   in
                   the
                   most
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   ;
                   that
                   first
                   ,
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   twice
                   as
                   long
                   ,
                   as
                   wide
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   its
                   sides
                   that
                   are
                   opposite
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   length
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   whole
                   should
                   terminate
                   all
                   in
                   right
                   Angles
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   equal
                   fall
                   of
                   right
                   Lines
                   upon
                   right
                   Lines
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   shewed
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   was
                   treating
                   of
                   the
                   manner
                   how
                   to
                   dispose
                   every
                   piece
                   of
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Gentlemen
                   that
                   shall
                   happen
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   little
                   less
                   proportion
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   Expositions
                   than
                   I
                   suppose
                   ,
                   may
                   plant
                   so
                   many
                   fewer
                   Trees
                   there
                   than
                   I
                   have
                   prescribed
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   shall
                   direct
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   take
                   their
                   measures
                   from
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   where
                   in
                   passing
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   mentioned
                   exactly
                   the
                   Quantity
                   of
                   Wall
                   they
                   have
                   ;
                   But
                   if
                   on
                   another
                   side
                   ,
                   their
                   Western
                   Quarter
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   extent
                   than
                   I
                   may
                   have
                   guessed
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   multiply
                   so
                   many
                   more
                   Trees
                   of
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   Peaches
                   they
                   like
                   best
                   of
                   those
                   I
                   have
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   as
                   will
                   fill
                   it
                   up
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   of
                   all
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   always
                   most
                   heartily
                   advise
                   them
                   to
                   Multiply
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   also
                   in
                   Case
                   their
                   Northern-Wall
                   has
                   more
                   Extent
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   augment
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   find
                   I
                   have
                   expressed
                   the
                   most
                   esteem
                   for
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   be
                   either
                   the
                   Butter-Pears
                   ,
                   the
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   the
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   shall
                   find
                   most
                   agreeable
                   to
                   their
                   palates
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   answerable
                   to
                   their
                   occasions
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   if
                   their
                   
                     North
                     quarter
                  
                   has
                   less
                   room
                   than
                   I
                   have
                   supposed
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   plant
                   so
                   many
                   the
                   fewer
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   content
                   themselves
                   with
                   that
                   number
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   assigned
                   for
                   an
                   extent
                   of
                   Walling
                   equal
                   to
                   theirs
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   already
                   filled
                   up
                   a
                   Western-Wall
                   of
                   about
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   ,
                   with
                   four
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   one
                   
                   Apricock-Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   Peach-trees
                   ;
                   namely
                   ,
                   an
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   a
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   
                     Purple
                     peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   another
                   
                     Westerly
                     Wall
                  
                   of
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   advise
                   nothing
                   to
                   be
                   added
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   abovesaid
                   four
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   more
                   room
                   for
                   setting
                   out
                   the
                   distances
                   between
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   always
                   be
                   about
                   eight
                   Foot
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   between
                   seven
                   and
                   eight
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   there
                   shall
                   be
                   added
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     first
                     Bourdin
                     peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     that
                     from
                     eight
                     to
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     that
                     from
                     nine
                     to
                     ten
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     white
                     Perdrigon
                     plum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     ten
                     to
                     eleven
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Troy
                     peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eleven
                     to
                     twelve
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     ,
                     or
                     forward
                     Violet
                     peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twelve
                     to
                     thirteen
                     ,
                     nothing
                     for
                     the
                     above
                     said
                     Reasons
                     about
                     the
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     thirteenth
                     to
                     the
                     fourteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     From
                     the
                     fourteenth
                     to
                     the
                     fifteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Bourdin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     side
                  
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   disposed
                   of
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   four
                   
                     Pear
                     trees
                  
                   ;
                   namely
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Butter
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Verte
                     longue
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     green
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Orange-green
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   distances
                   of
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   in
                   this
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   are
                   reasonably
                   set
                   out
                   at
                   seven
                   foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ;
                   we
                   will
                   further
                   add
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   shall
                   contain
                   between
                   
                     six
                     and
                     seven
                     Toises
                  
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     first
                     Virgoulee
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seven
                     to
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eight
                     to
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Verte
                     longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long
                     green
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     nine
                     to
                     ten
                     ,
                     nothing
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     abovesaid
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     ten
                     to
                     eleven
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eleven
                     to
                     twelve
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Orange-green
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twelve
                     to
                     thirteen
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Butter
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirteen
                     to
                     fourteen
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fourteen
                     to
                     fifteen
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     so
                     a
                     Northern
                     Wall
                     of
                     fifteen
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     would
                     be
                     furnished
                     with
                     twelve
                     Pear-trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   All
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   I
                   place
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Wall
                  
                   ,
                   fail
                   not
                   to
                   produce
                   there
                   both
                   goodly
                   Trees
                   and
                   fair
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   't
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   want
                   something
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   taste
                   ,
                   but
                   if
                   we
                   
                   perceive
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   soon
                   remedy
                   it
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Sugar
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   no
                   reason
                   at
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   dissatisfyed
                   for
                   having
                   planted
                   some
                   good
                   Pear-trees
                   in
                   this
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   leaving
                   it
                   bare
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   planting
                   it
                   only
                   with
                   Filaria
                   or
                   Hony-suckles
                   ,
                   as
                   many
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   
                     Northern
                     Wall
                  
                   should
                   in
                   Summer
                   time
                   ,
                   have
                   an
                   hour
                   or
                   two's
                   aspect
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   next
                   to
                   nothing
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   would
                   hardly
                   come
                   to
                   any
                   good
                   there
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   this
                   Disposition
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   newly
                   Regulated
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   containing
                   Sixty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   allowing
                   each
                   Wall
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   and
                   planting
                   them
                   with
                   such
                   Trees
                   that
                   may
                   prosper
                   there
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   forty
                   five
                   good
                   Trees
                   ,
                   namely
                   one
                   Fig-Tree
                   ,
                   twenty
                   seven
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   two
                   common
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Violet-Perdrigon
                     Plum-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   St.
                   
                     Catharine
                     Plumb-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   seven
                   Peach-Trees
                   should
                   be
                   five
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Violet
                     Hastings
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Minions
                   ,
                   four
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   one
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Persick
                   ,
                   two
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirable
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Twelve
                   Pear-Trees
                   should
                   be
                   three
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   this
                   Provision
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   boast
                   ,
                   that
                   though
                   we
                   have
                   in
                   our
                   Garden
                   but
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   fifteen
                   in
                   a
                   Midling
                   one
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   not
                   ill
                   furnished
                   them
                   ;
                   since
                   we
                   have
                   placed
                   in
                   that
                   small
                   Space
                   ,
                   at
                   eight
                   Foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   most
                   considerable
                   Peaches
                   our
                   Country
                   affords
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   our
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   three
                   Excellent
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Apricock
                     Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Well
                   understanding
                   and
                   meaning
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Apricock
                   and
                   Plum-Trees
                   should
                   be
                   dispersed
                   among
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   placed
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   at
                   an
                   Equal
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   between
                   a
                   
                     Plum
                     Tree
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Apricock-Tree
                   ,
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Peach-Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   on
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Plum-Trees
                   and
                   Apricock-Trees
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   Subject
                   to
                   die
                   young
                   ,
                   in
                   part
                   or
                   in
                   whole
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   are
                   able
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   support
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   the
                   Wall-Plantations
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   happens
                   any
                   afflicting
                   accident
                   ,
                   or
                   Mortality
                   to
                   the
                   poor
                   Peach-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   always
                   mix
                   Plum-Trees
                   with
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   do
                   them
                   no
                   harm
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   sometimes
                   plant
                   whole
                   Walls
                   with
                   nothing
                   but
                   Plums
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   Walling
                   Enough
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   I
                   make
                   some
                   little
                   Gardens
                   all
                   of
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   disposition
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   will
                   permit
                   me
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   return
                   and
                   proceed
                   on
                   to
                   a
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   that
                   may
                   contain
                   between
                   thirty
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   and
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   room
                   to
                   place
                   a
                   second
                   Fig-Tree
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   being
                   planted
                   against
                   the
                   Southern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   have
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   against
                   the
                   Eastern
                   one
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   likewise
                   we
                   have
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   shall
                   be
                   placed
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   if
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   be
                   wanting
                   :
                   next
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Space
                     between
                     thirty
                     one
                     and
                     thirty
                     two
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     third
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     thirty
                     two
                     to
                     thirty
                     three
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     third
                     Minion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     thirty
                     three
                     to
                     thirty
                     four
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     left
                     void
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     good
                     the
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     four
                     to
                     thirty
                     five
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     five
                     to
                     thirty
                     six
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     forward
                     or
                     Hasting
                     Apricock
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     six
                     to
                     thirty
                     seven
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     seven
                     to
                     thirty
                     eight
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Nivette
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     eight
                     to
                     thirty
                     nine
                     ,
                     shall
                     go
                     only
                     to
                     make
                     out
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     nine
                     to
                     forty
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Italian
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Italian
                     Peach
                  
                   is
                   a
                   Kind
                   of
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     forward
                     Persick
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   resembles
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   
                   the
                   Persick
                   ,
                   in
                   its
                   Bulk
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   noble
                   ,
                   its
                   sigure
                   which
                   is
                   longish
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   teat
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   its
                   colour
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   fair
                   ,
                   but
                   deepish
                   Carnation
                   ,
                   its
                   good
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   stone
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   this
                   ripens
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   full
                   fifteen
                   days
                   before
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   In
                   a
                   word
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   very
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   an
                   Excellent
                   Peach
                   ,
                   next
                   which
                   the
                   space
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     to
                     forty
                     one
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Troy
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     one
                     to
                     forty
                     two
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Royal
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     two
                     to
                     forty
                     three
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Rossane
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     three
                     to
                     forty
                     four
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     kept
                     void
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     four
                     to
                     forty
                     five
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Violet
                     Alberge-Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   add
                   here
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   I
                   had
                   not
                   yet
                   Planted
                   .
                   The
                   Royal
                   
                   Peach
                   is
                   a
                   Kind
                   of
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   only
                   it
                   is
                   always
                   more
                   lateward
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   darker
                   Red
                   without
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   tinged
                   near
                   the
                   stone
                   than
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   else
                   it
                   is
                   perfect
                   like
                   the
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   consequence
                   ,
                   is
                   admirable
                   it self
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   most
                   Excellent
                   .
                   The
                   Rossane
                   resembles
                   the
                   
                     Bourdin
                     Peach
                  
                   in
                   shape
                   and
                   Bulk
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   different
                   from
                   it
                   
                   in
                   the
                   colour
                   of
                   its
                   skin
                   and
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   this
                   latter
                   are
                   yellow
                   .
                   Both
                   of
                   them
                   take
                   strong
                   tincture
                   of
                   Red
                   from
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   dusky
                   Red
                   :
                   This
                   Peach
                   is
                   very
                   fruitfull
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   no
                   other
                   fault
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   grow
                   Doughy
                   ,
                   to
                   avoid
                   which
                   distastful
                   inconvenience
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   let
                   it
                   grow
                   too
                   ripe
                   on
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge
                  
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   our
                   prettiest
                   Peaches
                   for
                   its
                   vinous
                   and
                   rich
                   taste
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   let
                   
                   it
                   grow
                   ripe
                   enough
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   its
                   pulp
                   is
                   hard
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   that
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Peaches
                   not
                   ripe
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   bigger
                   than
                   a
                   
                     Troy
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   pretty
                   like
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   more
                   coloured
                   with
                   red
                   .
                   The
                   only
                   fault
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   incident
                   to
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   objected
                   against
                   this
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   large
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     space
                     from
                     forty
                     five
                     to
                     forty
                     six
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Persick
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     six
                     to
                     forty
                     seven
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                     ,
                     or
                     Nectarin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     seven
                     to
                     forty
                     eight
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Apricock
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     eight
                     to
                     forty
                     nine
                     ,
                     shall
                     remain
                     void
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     nine
                     to
                     fifty
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Though
                   the
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   that
                   grows
                   upon
                   a
                   Standard
                   Tree
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   be
                   better
                   
                   to
                   eat
                   raw
                   than
                   a
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ;
                   yet
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   out-tops
                   it
                   by
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   height
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Wall-Plantation
                   .
                   These
                   two
                   Plums
                   are
                   much
                   like
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   see
                   no
                   other
                   difference
                   ,
                   than
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   comes
                   nearer
                   a
                   round
                   Figure
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   some
                   red
                   spots
                   not
                   seen
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   the
                   Double
                   
                     Troy
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Country
                   ,
                   or
                   Peasant
                   
                   peach
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   multiplying
                   humour
                   of
                   those
                   which
                   would
                   make
                   different
                   kinds
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   round
                   ,
                   flat
                   ,
                   and
                   sinking
                   ,
                   very
                   much
                   coloured
                   with
                   red
                   without
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   much
                   within
                   ,
                   is
                   indifferent
                   large
                   ,
                   and
                   apt
                   to
                   grow
                   double
                   ,
                   and
                   twin-like
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   very
                   agreeable
                   ,
                   and
                   hinders
                   it
                   from
                   producing
                   fair
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   its
                   Flower
                   is
                   large
                   and
                   high
                   Coloured
                   ,
                   its
                   pulp
                   is
                   not
                   very
                   fine
                   ,
                   but
                   its
                   taste
                   is
                   good
                   enough
                   ,
                   yet
                   is
                   it
                   methinks
                   nothing
                   near
                   so
                   excellent
                   a
                   Peach
                   as
                   all
                   those
                   are
                   which
                   we
                   
                   have
                   planted
                   before
                   it
                   ;
                   though
                   in
                   certain
                   places
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   it
                   improve
                   to
                   a
                   wonder
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   bigness
                   and
                   good
                   taste
                   ,
                   for
                   all
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   believe
                   its
                   Friends
                   will
                   hardly
                   blame
                   me
                   for
                   not
                   having
                   well
                   placed
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   worst
                   ,
                   if
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   like
                   it
                   not
                   so
                   well
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   do
                   it
                   the
                   honour
                   to
                   advance
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   station
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   foregoing
                   ones
                   which
                   they
                   can
                   find
                   in
                   their
                   Hearts
                   to
                   displace
                   for
                   its
                   sake
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     the
                     place
                     between
                     fifty
                     and
                     fifty
                     one
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     of
                     Wall
                     ,
                     we
                     will
                     put
                     a
                     first
                     Bellegarde
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     fifty
                     one
                     to
                     fifty
                     two
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     latter
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     two
                     to
                     fifty
                     three
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Bourdin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     three
                     to
                     fifty
                     four
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     employed
                     for
                     making
                     good
                     distances
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     four
                     to
                     fifty
                     five
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Diaper
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     fifty
                     five
                     to
                     fifty
                     six
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     Purple
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     six
                     to
                     fifty
                     seven
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     yellow
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     seven
                     to
                     fifty
                     eight
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     third
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     for
                     a
                     first
                     white
                     Pavie
                     ,
                     for
                     those
                     that
                     love
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     fifty
                     eight
                     to
                     fifty
                     nine
                     ,
                     shall
                     remain
                     void
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     nine
                     to
                     sixty
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     for
                     a
                     second
                     Chevreuse
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     a
                     great
                     Red
                     Pavie
                     of
                     Pompone
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Bellegarde
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   fair
                   September-Peach
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   sooner
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   less
                   tinctured
                   with
                   red
                   ,
                   both
                   within
                   and
                   without
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   pulp
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   
                   more
                   yellowish
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   its
                   taste
                   not
                   quite
                   so
                   rich
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   for
                   its
                   Bulk
                   and
                   Figure
                   ,
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   mistaken
                   for
                   an
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   produces
                   not
                   so
                   goodly
                   a
                   Tree
                   as
                   that
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                     Plum
                  
                   may
                   be
                   well
                   enough
                   known
                   by
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   of
                   it
                   above
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   were
                   treating
                   of
                   the
                   qualities
                   of
                   Plums
                   .
                   Certainly
                   we
                   have
                   not
                   a
                   
                   more
                   sugred
                   Plum
                   than
                   that
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   White-Pavie
                   dissers
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   from
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin-Peach
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   its
                   whole
                   outside
                   ,
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   opening
                   and
                   eating
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Pavie
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   
                   firm
                   pulp
                   sticking
                   fast
                   to
                   the
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   a
                   good
                   brisk
                   taste
                   enough
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   full
                   ripe
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     red
                     Pavie
                  
                   of
                   Pompone
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     Monstrous
                     Pavie
                  
                   is
                   monstrous
                   indeed
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   prodigiously
                   large
                   ,
                   being
                   sometimes
                   thirteen
                   or
                   fourteen
                   Inches
                   about
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   
                   loveliest
                   red
                   colour
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   earnest
                   ,
                   nothing
                   is
                   so
                   delightful
                   to
                   behold
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   see
                   a
                   good
                   handsome
                   quantity
                   of
                   them
                   upon
                   a
                   goodly
                   
                     Wall
                     Tree
                  
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   sight
                   that
                   almost
                   dazles
                   the
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   besides
                   all
                   these
                   other
                   advantages
                   ,
                   they
                   come
                   to
                   ripen
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   fair
                   weather
                   ,
                   a
                   Garden
                   is
                   much
                   honoured
                   in
                   being
                   adorned
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   a
                   Hand
                   well
                   satisfyed
                   to
                   hold
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Mouth
                   most
                   exquisitely
                   pleased
                   in
                   eating
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   furnish
                   again
                   our
                   
                     Western
                     Walls
                  
                   from
                   those
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   planted
                   ,
                   to
                   those
                   of
                   thirty
                   ,
                   after
                   which
                   we
                   will
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   for
                   the
                   Northern
                   ones
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   extent
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   shall
                   see
                   by
                   that
                   ,
                   what
                   quantity
                   of
                   good
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   Six-score
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   yards
                   in
                   Compass
                   ,
                   may
                   have
                   of
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   perfect
                   ,
                   or
                   an
                   oblong
                   square
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     a
                     Western
                     Wall-Plantation
                     then
                     ,
                     of
                     between
                     fifteen
                     and
                     sixteen
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     we
                     will
                     further
                     add
                     a
                     first
                     Italian
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixteen
                     to
                     seventeen
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventeen
                     to
                     eighteen
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighteen
                     to
                     nineteen
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Troy
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     nineteen
                     to
                     twenty
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     ,
                     or
                     forward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     to
                     twenty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Apricock-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     one
                     to
                     two
                     and
                     twenty
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     forward
                     or
                     Avant
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     two
                     to
                     twenty
                     three
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     three
                     to
                     twenty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Persick
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     four
                     to
                     twenty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     latter
                     Royal
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     five
                     to
                     twenty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Nivette
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     six
                     to
                     twenty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                     ,
                     or
                     Violet
                     Nectarin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     seven
                     to
                     twenty
                     eight
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     eight
                     to
                     twenty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Boncretien
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     nine
                     to
                     thirty
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Methinks
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   have
                   conveniency
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   to
                   place
                   in
                   a
                   Wall-Plantation
                   ,
                   no
                   fewer
                   than
                   fifty
                   three
                   good
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   six
                   good
                   Plum-trees
                   ,
                   four
                   Apricock-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   Fig-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   still
                   room
                   for
                   a
                   couple
                   of
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Western
                     Quarter
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   cannot
                   do
                   better
                   than
                   to
                   fill
                   them
                   up
                   with
                   one
                   Boncretien
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Bergamot
                     Pear-tree
                  
                   ,
                   since
                   they
                   both
                   prosper
                   very
                   well
                   in
                   this
                   Exposition
                   .
                   All
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   acquainted
                   with
                   their
                   Excellency
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   not
                   ignorant
                   how
                   difficult
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   raise
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   otherwise
                   than
                   upon
                   
                     Wall
                     Trees
                  
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   my
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   do
                   very
                   well
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   this
                   Proportion
                   ;
                   according
                   as
                   our
                   Gardens
                   shall
                   grow
                   more
                   spacious
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   plant
                   more
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   shall
                   come
                   to
                   some
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   will
                   plant
                   whole
                   Walls
                   of
                   each
                   kind
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   abovesaid
                   Distribution
                   contains
                   three
                   and
                   twenty
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   according
                   to
                   an
                   equal
                   Proportion
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   allowed
                   but
                   seven
                   foot
                   ten
                   inches
                   a
                   piece
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   will
                   allow
                   them
                   all
                   but
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   ,
                   full
                   eight
                   foot
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   remains
                   shall
                   be
                   divided
                   between
                   the
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sufficient
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Northern
                   Wall
                   which
                   contains
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   stocked
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifteen
                     to
                     sixteen
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     filled
                     up
                     with
                     a
                     first
                     Ambret
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixteen
                     to
                     seventeen
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     second
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventeen
                     to
                     eighteen
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     first
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighteen
                     to
                     nineteen
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     second
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     nineteen
                     to
                     twenty
                     ,
                     with
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     to
                     twenty
                     one
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     first
                     Apricock-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     one
                     to
                     twenty
                     two
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     fourth
                     Butter-pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     two
                     to
                     twenty
                     three
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     fifth
                     Butter
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     three
                     to
                     twenty
                     four
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     third
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     four
                     to
                     twenty
                     five
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     second
                     Verte
                     longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long
                     green
                     pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     five
                     to
                     twenty
                     six
                     ,
                     with
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     six
                     to
                     twenty
                     seven
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     first
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     seven
                     to
                     twenty
                     eight
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     second
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     twenty
                     eight
                     to
                     twenty
                     nine
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     first
                     Bugie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     That
                     from
                     twenty
                     nine
                     to
                     thirty
                     ,
                     with
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   in
                   a
                   Garden
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   Compass
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   
                     Good
                     Expositions
                  
                   of
                   which
                   might
                   take
                   up
                   about
                   sixty
                   of
                   them
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   two
                   about
                   the
                   same
                   proportion
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   fourscore
                   and
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   ;
                   namely
                   ,
                   two
                   Fig-trees
                   of
                   the
                   white
                   round
                   sort
                   ,
                   six
                   Apricock-trees
                   ,
                   six
                   good
                   Plum-trees
                   ,
                   two
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward
                   Brugnons
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   fourty
                   seven
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   twenty
                   five
                   Pear-trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   six
                   Plum-trees
                   are
                   two
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigon
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   one
                   Apricock-plum
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Roche-Courbon
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   Apricock-trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   Forward
                   sort
                   ,
                   and
                   five
                   Ordinary
                   ones
                   ;
                   the
                   two
                   Pavies
                   are
                   one
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Red
                   one
                   ,
                   the
                   three
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   are
                   all
                   of
                   the
                   Forward
                   or
                   Early
                   sort
                   .
                   The
                   forty
                   seven
                   Peach-trees
                   are
                   two
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Minions
                     ,
                     two
                     Bourdins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Italian
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Violet
                     Hastings
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   forward
                   
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   reckoned
                   to
                   you
                   above
                   ,
                   what
                   Peach-trees
                   I
                   have
                   placed
                   to
                   the
                   Westward
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   prosper
                   reasonably
                   well
                   in
                   that
                   Situation
                   .
                   The
                   twenty
                   five
                   Pear-trees
                   are
                   one
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Grey
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   two
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   two
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Verte
                     longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Orange-green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Bugie
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   these
                   in
                   the
                   North
                   part
                   ,
                   except
                   only
                   one
                   Boncretien
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Bergamot
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   placed
                   towards
                   the
                   West
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   continue
                   on
                   still
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   proposed
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   next
                   stock
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Good
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   fifteen
                   of
                   the
                   Midling
                   ,
                   and
                   fifteen
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Bad
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   placing
                   always
                   the
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Midling
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   at
                   eight
                   foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Bad
                   one
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   seven
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ;
                   therefore
                   to
                   avoid
                   mistakes
                   ,
                   before
                   we
                   proceed
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   always
                   first
                   begin
                   with
                   making
                   so
                   many
                   holes
                   at
                   regulated
                   and
                   prescribed
                   distances
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   know
                   we
                   have
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   plant
                   .
                
                 
                   Accordingly
                   then
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Good
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   assign
                   for
                   the
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extending
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     to
                     sixty
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     sixty
                     one
                     to
                     sixty
                     two
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     sixty
                     two
                     to
                     sixty
                     three
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     sixty
                     three
                     to
                     sixty
                     four
                     ,
                     two
                     Fig-trees
                     of
                     the
                     White
                     sort
                     ,
                     which
                     shall
                     be
                     planted
                     next
                     after
                     ,
                     and
                     adjoyning
                     to
                     the
                     two
                     first
                     ,
                     on
                     each
                     side
                     of
                     the
                     Corner
                     that
                     joyns
                     the
                  
                   East
                   and
                   Southern
                   
                     Walls
                     ,
                     for
                     no
                     less
                     than
                     four
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     will
                     serve
                     them
                     two
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     four
                     to
                     sixty
                     five
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     five
                     to
                     sixty
                     six
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     six
                     to
                     sixty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     seven
                     to
                     sixty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Minion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     eight
                     to
                     sixty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     white
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     sixty
                     nine
                     to
                     seventy
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     to
                     seventy
                     one
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     one
                     to
                     seventy
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     two
                     to
                     seventy
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Troy
                     Peach-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     three
                     to
                     seventy
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Nivette
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     four
                     to
                     seventy
                     five
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     five
                     to
                     seventy
                     six
                     ,
                     one
                     Rossane
                     Pavie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     six
                     to
                     seventy
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     forward
                     Apricock-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     seven
                     to
                     seventy
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Persick
                     peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     eight
                     to
                     seventy
                     nine
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     seventy
                     nine
                     to
                     eighty
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     to
                     eighty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     latter
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     one
                     to
                     eighty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     yellow
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     two
                     to
                     eighty
                     three
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     three
                     to
                     eighty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Italian
                     peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     four
                     to
                     eighty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     white
                     Perdrigon
                     plum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     five
                     to
                     eighty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Forward
                     ,
                     or
                     Avant
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     six
                     to
                     eighty
                     seven
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     seven
                     to
                     eighty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     eight
                     to
                     eighty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Common
                     Apricock-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     eighty
                     nine
                     to
                     ninety
                     ,
                     a
                     fifth
                     Hasting
                     ,
                     or
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   makes
                   two
                   and
                   twenty
                   Trees
                   for
                   thirty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall.
                   Let
                   us
                   next
                   see
                   what
                   we
                   shall
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   fifteen
                   Western
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fifteen
                   
                     Northern
                     Toises
                  
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   to
                   compleat
                   this
                   Garden
                   which
                   may
                   have
                   forty
                   five
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   towards
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   Compass
                   ,
                   for
                   all
                   its
                   four
                   sides
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     the
                     space
                     then
                     between
                     thirty
                     and
                     thirty
                     one
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     of
                     the
                     Western
                     Wall
                     ,
                     wo
                     will
                     assign
                     a
                     fourth
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     for
                     that
                     from
                     thirty
                     one
                     to
                     thirty
                     two
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     two
                     to
                     thirty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     three
                     to
                     thirty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Peach
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     four
                     to
                     thirty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Violet
                     Hasting
                     ,
                     or
                     forward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     five
                     to
                     thirty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Troy
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     six
                     to
                     thirty
                     seven
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     seven
                     to
                     thirty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Bourdin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     eight
                     to
                     thirty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Forward
                     ,
                     or
                     Avant
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     nine
                     to
                     forty
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Italian
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     to
                     forty
                     one
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     one
                     to
                     forty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     two
                     to
                     forty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Apricock-Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     three
                     to
                     forty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Nivette
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     four
                     to
                     forty
                     five
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     there
                     you
                     have
                     eleven
                     Trees
                     for
                     the
                     fifteen
                     Western
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     of
                     Wall.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Northern
                   Division
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   assign
                   for
                   the
                   Place
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     to
                     thirty
                     one
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     of
                     Wall
                     ,
                     a
                     fifth
                     Virgoulee
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     one
                     to
                     thirty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     two
                     to
                     thirty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     sixth
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     three
                     to
                     thirty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Verte-longue
                     ,
                     or
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     four
                     to
                     thirty
                     five
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     five
                     to
                     thirty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Ambret
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     six
                     to
                     thirty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Leschasserie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     seven
                     to
                     thirty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     eight
                     to
                     thirty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Apricock-tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     thirty
                     nine
                     to
                     forty
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     to
                     forty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Orange-Green
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     one
                     to
                     forty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     meeting
                     Brest
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     two
                     to
                     forty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     sixth
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     three
                     to
                     forty
                     four
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     four
                     to
                     forty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     seventh
                     Butter
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   for
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   forty
                   five
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   forty
                   five
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   forty
                   five
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   forty
                   five
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   a
                   hundred
                   thirty
                   six
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   Threescore
                   and
                   eighteen
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   thirty
                   six
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   four
                   Fig-trees
                   ,
                   nine
                   Plum-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   nine
                   Apricock-trees
                   ,
                   whereof
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   forward
                   sort
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   threescore
                   and
                   eighteen
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   three
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   one
                   
                     White
                     
                     Hasting
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Latter
                     Red
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Rossane
                     Hasting
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   threescore
                   and
                   twelve
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   strictly
                   so
                   called
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   three
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Minions
                   ,
                   three
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   one
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   eight
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   one
                   Bellegarde
                   ,
                   eight
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   latter
                   
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   latter
                   
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   nine
                   Plum-trees
                   are
                   four
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Roche-Courbon
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   six
                   Pear-trees
                   are
                   one
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Grey
                     Butter
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   three
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   three
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Verte
                     longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   Bugies
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   I
                   were
                   obliged
                   to
                   furnish
                   two
                   
                     Good
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   instead
                   of
                   having
                   fourscore
                   and
                   ten
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   to
                   them
                   two
                   ,
                   had
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   I
                   had
                   about
                   threescore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   each
                   Wall-plantation
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   forty
                   five
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   consisted
                   all
                   of
                   one
                   Wall
                   ,
                   or
                   were
                   parted
                   into
                   several
                   ;
                   I
                   would
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   might
                   follow
                   my
                   own
                   Inclination
                   ,
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   fifteen
                   additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   with
                   two
                   Fig-Trees
                   ;
                   which
                   would
                   take
                   up
                   near
                   four
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ;
                   with
                   fifteen
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   placing
                   them
                   at
                   two
                   foot
                   distance
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   would
                   take
                   up
                   six
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   nine
                   foot
                   of
                   Chasselas
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   take
                   up
                   three
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   six
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   which
                   would
                   take
                   up
                   two
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   .
                   And
                   I
                   would
                   place
                   all
                   these
                   Grapes
                   apart
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   told
                   you
                   .
                   Besides
                   the
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Grapes
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   considerable
                   ;
                   we
                   have
                   need
                   likewise
                   of
                   the
                   leaves
                   of
                   their
                   Vines
                   during
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   to
                   help
                   to
                   garnish
                   our
                   Dishes
                   when
                   Flowers
                   begin
                   to
                   grow
                   scarce
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Bar-Sur-Aube
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   sweet
                   Grape
                   ,
                   which
                   produces
                   fair
                   and
                   large
                   Clusters
                   ;
                   and
                   its
                   grain
                   or
                   Berry
                   is
                   large
                   and
                   crackling
                   :
                   It
                   keeps
                   longer
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   gives
                   marvellous
                   pleasure
                   when
                   it
                   so
                   presents
                   it self
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   season
                   for
                   Grapes
                   .
                   There
                   is
                   both
                   a
                   Red
                   and
                   Black
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   like
                   so
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   White
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     White
                     Corinth
                  
                   or
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grape
                  
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   Sweet
                   Grape
                   :
                   the
                   Bunches
                   are
                   small
                   and
                   
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Grains
                   or
                   Berries
                   ,
                   Small
                   ,
                   and
                   sticking
                   close
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   no
                   stones
                   .
                   The
                   Red
                   sort
                   is
                   not
                   better
                   than
                   the
                   White
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   Vines
                   of
                   this
                   Grape
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   any
                   reasonable
                   proportion
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   any
                   other
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   neither
                   the
                   Muscat
                   nor
                   the
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grape
                  
                   will
                   prosper
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   good
                   Southern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   hardly
                   any
                   thing
                   more
                   agreeable
                   than
                   to
                   gather
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   in
                   ones
                   Garden
                   ,
                   a
                   Basket
                   of
                   fair
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   another
                   of
                   good
                   
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   of
                   fair
                   Chassela's
                   .
                   The
                   manner
                   of
                   Eating
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   different
                   from
                   that
                   of
                   Eating
                   all
                   other
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   Eat
                   Grape
                   by
                   Grape
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grape
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   Eaten
                   by
                   whole
                   Bunches
                   like
                   Plums
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   Additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   sixty
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   disposed
                   of
                   in
                   this
                   Order
                   ,
                   In
                   the
                   place
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     five
                     to
                     forty
                     six
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     a
                     second
                     St.
                     Catharine
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     six
                     to
                     forty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                     ,
                     or
                     Nectarin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     seven
                     to
                     forty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     fifth
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     eight
                     to
                     forty
                     nine
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     nine
                     to
                     fifty
                     a
                     second
                     Bellegarde
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     to
                     fifty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     one
                     to
                     fifty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Troy
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     two
                     to
                     fifty
                     three
                     ,
                     Nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     three
                     to
                     fifty
                     four
                     ,
                     a
                     fifth
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     four
                     to
                     fifty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Bourdin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     five
                     to
                     fifty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     seventh
                     Minion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     six
                     to
                     fifty
                     seven
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     seven
                     to
                     fifty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     common
                     Apricock-Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     eight
                     to
                     fifty
                     nine
                     a
                     first
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     nine
                     to
                     sixty
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   induced
                   to
                   place
                   here
                   a
                   White
                   
                     Andilly
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   consideration
                   of
                   its
                   
                   Goodly
                   Sirname
                   ,
                   as
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Peach
                   of
                   great
                   increase
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   fair
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   ,
                   Large
                   ,
                   Round
                   and
                   flat
                   ;
                   it
                   takes
                   a
                   very
                   lively
                   red
                   colour
                   in
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   but
                   has
                   no
                   red
                   
                   within
                   .
                   It
                   gives
                   some
                   satisfaction
                   when
                   we
                   let
                   it
                   not
                   ripen
                   too
                   much
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   till
                   it
                   grows
                   Doughy
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     fifteen
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     Augmented
                     towards
                     the
                     West
                     ,
                     shall
                     furnish
                     us
                     for
                     the
                     place
                     Extending
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     five
                     to
                     forty
                     six
                     ,
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     six
                     to
                     forty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     sixth
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     seven
                     to
                     forty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Chevreuse
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     eight
                     to
                     forty
                     nine
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     nine
                     to
                     fifty
                     ,
                     a
                     Third
                     latter
                     Royal
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     to
                     fifty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     hasting
                     or
                     forward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     one
                     to
                     fifty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     seventh
                     Admirable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     two
                     to
                     fifty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Mirabelle
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     three
                     to
                     fifty
                     four
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   sufficiently
                   Expressed
                   above
                   ,
                   my
                   Sense
                   concerning
                   this
                   Plum
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Small
                   ,
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   tawny
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   Tree
                   bears
                   an
                   Infinite
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   separates
                   from
                   the
                   stone
                   .
                   This
                   Plum
                   is
                   indifferent
                   good
                   to
                   Eat
                   Raw
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   most
                   particularly
                   Excellent
                   to
                   preserve
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   to
                   make
                   Sweet-meats
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   Eat
                   presently
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   space
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     four
                     to
                     fifty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                     ,
                     or
                     Nectarin
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     five
                     to
                     fifty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Boncretien
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     six
                     to
                     fifty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     seven
                     to
                     fifty
                     eight
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     eight
                     to
                     fifty
                     nine
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Boncretien
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     nine
                     to
                     sixty
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Western
                   Division
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   precedent
                   one
                   of
                   like
                   length
                   ,
                   Furnish
                   us
                   three
                   and
                   twenty
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fifteen
                   Additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   quarter
                   ,
                   will
                   furnish
                   us
                   for
                   the
                   place
                   Extending
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     five
                     to
                     forty
                     six
                     Toises
                     or
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Verte-Longue
                     or
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     six
                     to
                     forty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     sixth
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     seven
                     to
                     forty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     fifth
                     Bergamot
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     eight
                     to
                     forty
                     nine
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     forty
                     nine
                     to
                     fifty
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     to
                     fifty
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     first
                     Marveil
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     one
                     to
                     fifty
                     two
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Bugie
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     two
                     to
                     fifty
                     three
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Ambrett
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     three
                     to
                     fifty
                     four
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     four
                     to
                     fifty
                     five
                     ,
                     a
                     third
                     Apricock-Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     five
                     to
                     fifty
                     six
                     ,
                     a
                     fourth
                     Leschasserie
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     six
                     to
                     fifty
                     seven
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     seven
                     to
                     fifty
                     eight
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Marevil
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     eight
                     to
                     fifty
                     nine
                     ,
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     fifty
                     nine
                     to
                     sixty
                     ,
                     a
                     seventh
                     Virgoulee
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   there
                   are
                   twelve
                   Trees
                   for
                   the
                   fifteen
                   
                     Northern
                     Toises
                  
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   were
                   fifteen
                   for
                   the
                   proceeding
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   allowance
                   of
                   seven
                   foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   for
                   each
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   here
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   observed
                   ,
                   that
                   though
                   in
                   Planting
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   all
                   necessary
                   regards
                   for
                   the
                   due
                   keeping
                   of
                   the
                   general
                   proportion
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   four
                   Walls
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   consider'd
                   all
                   together
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   make
                   but
                   one
                   whole
                   and
                   uniform
                   compound
                   ,
                   yet
                   in
                   setting
                   down
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   each
                   Division
                   separately
                   ;
                   I
                   number
                   them
                   without
                   any
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   that
                   please
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   my
                   advices
                   ,
                   may
                   readily
                   see
                   in
                   a
                   moment
                   ,
                   both
                   what
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   of
                   each
                   kind
                   ,
                   I
                   place
                   in
                   every
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   when
                   towards
                   the
                   last
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   of
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Walls
                   ;
                   they
                   shall
                   see
                   set
                   down
                   for
                   Example
                   :
                   A
                   seventh
                   Virgoulee-Pear
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   Admirable-Peach
                   ,
                   &c.
                   they
                   may
                   know
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   an
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   Seven
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   without
                   mistaking
                   me
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   I
                   meant
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   but
                   so
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   kind
                   ,
                   &c.
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   sine
                   ,
                   because
                   after
                   I
                   have
                   stocked
                   four
                   Walls
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   a
                   piece
                   ,
                   I
                   presently
                   subjoyn
                   a
                   general
                   Recapitulation
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Trees
                   I
                   have
                   planted
                   from
                   the
                   first
                   begining
                   of
                   our
                   Wall
                   plantations
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   that
                   proportion
                   :
                   All
                   Gentlemen
                   
                   concerned
                   may
                   easily
                   see
                   at
                   one
                   view
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   Recapitulation
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   Trees
                   there
                   enter
                   into
                   a
                   Garden
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   of
                   sixty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   into
                   one
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   into
                   one
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   into
                   another
                   of
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   see
                   by
                   the
                   particular
                   account
                   above
                   set
                   down
                   ,
                   how
                   that
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   is
                   distributed
                   in
                   each
                   Exposition
                   .
                   In
                   my
                   last
                   Recapitulation
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   set
                   down
                   all
                   the
                   Fruit
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   stock
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   :
                   Take
                   now
                   that
                   of
                   another
                   Garden
                   that
                   may
                   contain
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   of
                   fifteen
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Chassela's
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ;
                   six
                   
                     White
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   fourscore
                   and
                   ten
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   fifty
                   one
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   eleven
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   twelve
                   Plum-Trees
                   :
                   Among
                   the
                   fourscore
                   and
                   ten
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   three
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Alberges
                  
                   five
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   Minions
                   ,
                   four
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   one
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   nine
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   three
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   eleven
                   Admirables
                   .
                   two
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   The
                   
                     White
                     Hasting
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Rossane
                     Pavie
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Latter
                     Pavie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   twelve
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   five
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   White
                   ones
                   ,
                   two
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Rochecourbon
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Mirabelle
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   eleven
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   Forward
                   sort
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   nine
                   more
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Expositions
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   fifty
                   one
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   three
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   four
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   four
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Mareuill
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Bugies
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   .
                   These
                   sorts
                   of
                   Recapitulations
                   so
                   frequently
                   made
                   ,
                   may
                   seem
                   impertinent
                   and
                   tedious
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   And
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   luck
                   ,
                   e'en
                   let
                   them
                   do
                   so
                   for
                   me
                   ,
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   for
                   them
                   I
                   here
                   am
                   at
                   work
                   :
                   But
                   those
                   Gentlmen
                   that
                   have
                   need
                   of
                   such
                   Directions
                   ,
                   will
                   doubtless
                   think
                   themselves
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   obliged
                   to
                   me
                   for
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   know
                   what
                   pains
                   they
                   cost
                   me
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   was
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   my
                   whole
                   Work
                   )
                   they
                   need
                   but
                   try
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Divertisement
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Distribution
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   for
                   the
                   furnishing
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Gardens
                   of
                   different
                   bignesses
                   ,
                   always
                   proposing
                   to
                   themselves
                   ,
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   them
                   all
                   the
                   choisest
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   ,
                   without
                   intermixing
                   any
                   bad
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   place
                   in
                   every
                   Exposition
                   what
                   may
                   prosper
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   observe
                   a
                   Reasonable
                   proportion
                   of
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ;
                   And
                   then
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   judge
                   whether
                   I
                   have
                   not
                   done
                   a
                   pleasure
                   to
                   our
                   Gentlemen
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   by
                   thus
                   saving
                   them
                   the
                   Labour
                   of
                   drawing
                   up
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   particulars
                   so
                   long
                   and
                   so
                   tiresome
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   I
                   all
                   along
                   deliver
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   down
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   I
                   had
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   well
                   exposed
                   walling
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   were
                   but
                   to
                   one
                   only
                   aspect
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   or
                   one
                   only
                   aspect
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   two
                   aspects
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Southern
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   of
                   the
                   Eastern
                   Sun
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   probably
                   enough
                   determine
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   Dozen
                   of
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   be
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   easily
                   induced
                   to
                   spare
                   so
                   important
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Garden
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   rearing
                   and
                   producing
                   of
                   that
                   little
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   hopes
                   of
                   having
                   it
                   very
                   early
                   indeed
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   can
                   never
                   attain
                   to
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   hot
                   Exposition
                   ;
                   now
                   the
                   Eastern
                   one
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   of
                   sufficient
                   warmth
                   for
                   that
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   besides
                   all
                   the
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Fruits
                   already
                   assigned
                   for
                   our
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   twelve
                   early
                   Cherry-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   content
                   with
                   the
                   allowance
                   of
                   seven
                   foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   of
                   distance
                   each
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   should
                   serve
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   fifteen
                   last
                   Additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   to
                   the
                   Southwards
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   not
                   stand
                   any
                   more
                   to
                   specifie
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   from
                   Toise
                   to
                   Toise
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   Fathom
                   to
                   Fathom
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   before
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   because
                   my
                   manner
                   of
                   disposing
                   them
                   is
                   well
                   enough
                   understood
                   by
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Dispositions
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   further
                   need
                   of
                   troubling
                   our selves
                   ,
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   any
                   more
                   such
                   exact
                   lists
                   of
                   all
                   particulars
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   because
                   we
                   are
                   now
                   entring
                   into
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   where
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   sufficient
                   only
                   ,
                   and
                   simply
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   planting
                   fifteen
                   additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   .
                   Those
                   Persons
                   ,
                   whose
                   Garden
                   Walls
                   are
                   not
                   perhaps
                   augmented
                   full
                   out
                   to
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   ,
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   knowing
                   the
                   distancè
                   
                   we
                   allow
                   to
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   seeing
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   precedence
                   I
                   assign
                   for
                   entire
                   augmentations
                   ,
                   will
                   know
                   well
                   enough
                   how
                   to
                   confine
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   which
                   their
                   Ground
                   will
                   permit
                   them
                   to
                   plant
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   any
                   Gentleman
                   has
                   but
                   sixty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   not
                   need
                   so
                   many
                   Trees
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   had
                   seventy
                   five
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   then
                   the
                   Order
                   which
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   followed
                   in
                   the
                   choise
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   stock
                   an
                   
                     Eastern
                     Wall
                     Plantation
                  
                   augmented
                   with
                   the
                   addition
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   the
                   sixty
                   before
                   disposed
                   of
                   .
                   Two
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Figs
                  
                   shall
                   take
                   up
                   four
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   one
                   whereof
                   shall
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     White
                  
                   sort
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   thirteen
                   Remaining
                   ones
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   nine
                   other
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   sixth
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eighth
                   Minion
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   
                     Troy
                     Peach-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   
                     Chevreuse
                     Peach-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   fourth
                   Nivette
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   up
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   threescore
                   and
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Royal
                     Peach-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   Apricock-Tree
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Bourdin
                     Peach-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Purple
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Italian
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Persick
                   ,
                   a
                   seventh
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   two
                   Boncretien
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Bergamot
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Compleat
                   the
                   threescore
                   and
                   fifteen
                   
                     Northern
                     Toises
                  
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   add
                   twelve
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   an
                   eighth
                   and
                   ninth
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     Pear-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eighth
                   and
                   ninth
                   
                     Butter
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   ,
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   
                     Franck
                     Royal
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   
                     Verte
                     Longue
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   a
                   second
                   St.
                   Lezin
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Dry
                     Martin
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   fourth
                   Bugie
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   for
                   three
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   length
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   allowing
                   to
                   each
                   side
                   about
                   threescore
                   and
                   fifteen
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   eight
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   whereof
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     White
                  
                   sort
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   whereof
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   Forward
                   sort
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherrie-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   foot
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   Foot
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   three
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   threescore
                   and
                   seven
                   Pear-trees
                   .
                   The
                   fourteen
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   six
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   white
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   two
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Mirabelle
                   .
                   The
                   hundred
                   and
                   three
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   three
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Troy
                     peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   Minions
                   ,
                   five
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   one
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   ten
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   two
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   thirteen
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Nivettès
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   〈◊〉
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   The
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     White
                  
                   one
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Hasting
                     Rossane
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Latter
                     Red
                  
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   seven
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   five
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   ten
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   nine
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   four
                   Ambretts
                   ,
                   four
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Bugies
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   two
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   
                     Franck
                     Royals
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   length
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   comprehend
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   always
                   supposed
                   ,
                   the
                   Southern
                   and
                   Eastern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   which
                   two
                   together
                   I
                   almost
                   esteem
                   allke
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   plantations
                   ,
                   bating
                   only
                   a
                   little
                   quicker
                   advance
                   in
                   Ripening
                   Fruits
                   which
                   the
                   South
                   makes
                   before
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   
                     Early
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Muscat
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   ripen
                   better
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   than
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   .
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   make
                   me
                   wish
                   there
                   might
                   be
                   some
                   Little
                   particular
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   formed
                   within
                   it
                   to
                   accompany
                   a
                   Great
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   in
                   Earnest
                   ,
                   a
                   
                     Kitching
                     Garden
                  
                   is
                   Large
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   threescore
                   and
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   fifty
                   or
                   threescore
                   on
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   more
                   spacious
                   ,
                   if
                   all
                   its
                   four
                   sides
                   be
                   of
                   about
                   an
                   Equal
                   length
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   with
                   one
                   great
                   one
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   I
                   hold
                   always
                   necessary
                   )
                   some
                   Little
                   midling
                   Gardens
                   of
                   about
                   twenty
                   ,
                   or
                   twenty
                   five
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   ,
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   about
                   fourteen
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   or
                   sixteen
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   very
                   desirable
                   and
                   convenient
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   please
                   the
                   Eyes
                   which
                   delight
                   in
                   such
                   variety
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   accommodating
                   the
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   raising
                   the
                   greater
                   abundance
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   the
                   Shelter
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   favourable
                   for
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   being
                   of
                   much
                   better
                   influence
                   in
                   Little
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   great
                   ones
                   ;
                   And
                   besides
                   it
                   seems
                   very
                   useful
                   to
                   have
                   these
                   Little
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   apart
                   in
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   a
                   particular
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   have
                   one
                   Little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   two
                   good
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   East
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   too
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   for
                   Figs
                   ;
                   another
                   where
                   may
                   be
                   all
                   the
                   sorts
                   of
                   Good
                   Plums
                   ;
                   another
                   wherein
                   may
                   be
                   placed
                   all
                   the
                   small
                   
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   another
                   ,
                   where
                   may
                   be
                   all
                   the
                   Pavies
                   we
                   can
                   have
                   ;
                   another
                   for
                   all
                   
                     Red
                     Fruits
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   another
                   for
                   all
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   whilst
                   the
                   great
                   Garden
                   is
                   designed
                   for
                   the
                   producing
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   
                     Large
                     Peaches
                  
                   in
                   its
                   Eastern
                   and
                   
                     Southern
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   
                     Autumnal
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   of
                   its
                   Western
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   
                     Winter
                     ones
                  
                   in
                   that
                   of
                   its
                   
                     Northern
                     Quarter
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   furnish
                   our
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   add
                   to
                   the
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   already
                   stocked
                   ,
                   the
                   thirty
                   with
                   which
                   we
                   last
                   augmented
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   supposing
                   first
                   fifteen
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   place
                   there
                   two
                   good
                   Fig-trees
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   nine
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   Summer-Pears
                   ,
                   viz.
                   six
                   
                     little
                     Muscat
                     Pear-trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   Cuisse-Madames
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   for
                   a
                   fourth
                   and
                   fifth
                   Forward
                   or
                   Avant-peach
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   a
                   ninth
                   
                     Troy
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   ninth
                   Minion
                   ,
                   a
                   seventh
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eleventh
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   
                     Italian
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Purple
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   towards
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   fourscore
                   and
                   ten
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Troy
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   White
                   
                     Mirabelle
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eighth
                   
                     Admirable
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   third
                   Boncretien
                   and
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Bergamot
                     Pear
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   Additional
                   Toisis
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   ill
                   bestowed
                   ,
                   partly
                   in
                   thirty
                   Foot
                   of
                   Raspberry
                   Bushes
                   ,
                   which
                   grow
                   fairer
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   last
                   longer
                   than
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   air
                   ;
                   and
                   partly
                   in
                   six
                   Foot
                   of
                   
                     Bourdelais
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   shoot
                   up
                   above
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   equally
                   distributed
                   among
                   the
                   Raspberry-Bushes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bourdelais
                   is
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   large
                   white
                   longish
                   Grape
                   ,
                   that
                   grows
                   in
                   great
                   and
                   large
                   
                   Clusters
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   never
                   comes
                   to
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   is
                   good
                   only
                   to
                   make
                   Sweet-meats
                   ,
                   or
                   simply
                   to
                   make
                   Verjuice
                   with
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   occasion
                   ;
                   its
                   Leaves
                   too
                   are
                   extreamly
                   used
                   to
                   garnish
                   Dishes
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   in
                   three
                   hundred
                   and
                   threescore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   thus
                   planted
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   ten
                   
                     White
                     Fig-trees
                  
                   ,
                   thirteen
                   Apricock-trees
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   forward
                   sort
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherry
                     trees
                  
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   foot
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   foot
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   fourscore
                   and
                   one
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   Plum-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   two
                   Peach-trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   hundred
                   and
                   two
                   Peach-trees
                   are
                   five
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   Avant-Peaches
                   ,
                   ten
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Rossanes
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   Minions
                   ,
                   five
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Italian
                     peaches
                  
                   ,
                   ten
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   eleven
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   two
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   viz.
                   one
                   White
                   and
                   
                     Yellow
                     Forward
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Latter
                     Red
                     one
                  
                   .
                   The
                   fifteen
                   Plum-trees
                   are
                   six
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     St.
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     two
                     Mirabelles
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                  
                   .
                   The
                   eighty
                   one
                   Pear-trees
                   are
                   eight
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Little
                     Muscats
                  
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   four
                   Ambretts
                   ,
                   four
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Verte
                     longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     green
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Bugi's
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-green
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     St.
                     Lezins
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   Frank-Royals
                   .
                   Four
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   viz.
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   ten
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   East
                   ,
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   five
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Midling
                     sort
                  
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   five
                   of
                   Bad
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   filled
                   up
                   as
                   follows
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   Additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   ten
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   parted
                   into
                   two
                   equal
                   portions
                   of
                   about
                   105
                   for
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   105
                   for
                   the
                   East-side
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   on
                   the
                   South-side
                   ,
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   Order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   two
                   Forward
                   
                     Apricock
                     trees
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Forward
                  
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Yellow
                     Forward
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Yellow
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                   And
                   on
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Fig-trees
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   dozen
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   content
                   with
                   9
                   Foot
                   of
                   extent
                   to
                   each
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   on
                   this
                   East-side
                   ,
                   9
                   Trees
                   more
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   Order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   second
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   
                     first
                     Empress
                     plum
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Roche-Courbon
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Apricock
                     plum
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   
                     St.
                     Catharine
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   
                     fifth
                     Apricock-tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   tenth
                   
                     Minion
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eighth
                   Admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   eighth
                   
                     forward
                     Violet
                     peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Empress
                     Plum
                  
                   is
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   ripens
                   not
                   till
                   October
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   .
                   The
                   fifteen
                   Additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   five
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   Order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Robine
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   Leschasserie
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   Ambrett
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   
                   second
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   first
                   Russelet
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   fifteen
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   five
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   twelve
                   Trees
                   in
                   this
                   Order
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Lansac
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   
                     great
                     Blanquet
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   Espargne
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   Robine
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   Cassolet
                   ,
                   a
                   Doyenne
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   Apricock-tree
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   first
                   Angober
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   the
                   four
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   last
                   filled
                   up
                   ,
                   would
                   at
                   this
                   Rate
                   be
                   stocked
                   with
                   12
                   
                     White
                     Fig-trees
                     ,
                     17
                     Apricock-trees
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   4
                   of
                   the
                   Forward
                   sort
                   ,
                   12
                   
                     Early
                     Cherry-trees
                  
                   ,
                   15
                   Foot
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   3
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   9
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   6
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     19
                     Plum-trees
                     ,
                     124
                     Peach-trees
                     ,
                     10
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     102
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                  
                   24
                   Foot
                   of
                   
                     Bourdelais
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   21
                   Foot
                   of
                   Raspberry
                   Bushes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   19
                   Plum-trees
                   are
                   6
                   Violets
                   ,
                   and
                   3
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     3
                     St.
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Mirabelles
                     ,
                     2
                     Apricock
                     plums
                     ,
                     2
                     Roche-Courbons
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Empress
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     124
                     Peach-trees
                  
                   are
                   5
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     10
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Red
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     2
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     7
                     White
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     10
                     Minions
                     ,
                     5
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     5
                     Italian
                     peaches
                     ,
                     10
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     12
                     Hasting
                  
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     peaches
                     ,
                     4
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     2
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     15
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     4
                     Purple
                     peaches
                     ,
                     5
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     peaches
                     ,
                     6
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     peaches
                     ,
                     6
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     3
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     5
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   2
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   10
                   Pavies
                   are
                   2
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     White
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     1
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     Pavie
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Forward
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Latter
                     yellow
                  
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   102
                   Pear-Trees
                   are
                   8
                   
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     12
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     6
                     Little
                     Muscats
                  
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     3
                     Robines
                     ,
                     6
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     6
                     Ambretts
                     ,
                     4
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     5
                     Verte
                     longues
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     3
                     Orange-Green
                     pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Melting
                     pear
                  
                   of
                   
                     Brest
                     ,
                     2
                     St.
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     3
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     2
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     1
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                  
                   or
                   
                     White
                     pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Epargne
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Cassolet
                     ,
                     1
                     Doyenne
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Angeber
                     ,
                     2
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     1
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     9
                     Butter
                     pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   9
                   Virgoulees
                   .
                
                 
                   Finding
                   my self
                   stocked
                   with
                   a
                   sufficient
                   number
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   for
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   four
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   of
                   Fruit-Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   with
                   too
                   few
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   for
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   proportion
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   I
                   thought
                   it
                   convenient
                   to
                   augment
                   the
                   Stone-Fruits
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   more
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   I
                   have
                   filled
                   up
                   one
                   whole
                   Wall-plantation
                   ,
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   all
                   with
                   Pear-trees
                   only
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   four
                   Fathoms
                   or
                   Toises
                   are
                   planted
                   with
                   
                     Summer
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   with
                   
                     Winter
                     ones
                  
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   likewise
                   multiplyed
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   some
                   Fruits
                   of
                   
                     Summer
                     ,
                     Autumn
                  
                   and
                   Winter
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   I
                   know
                   by
                   certain
                   Experience
                   ,
                   to
                   thrive
                   pretty
                   well
                   in
                   that
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   though
                   less
                   favourable
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   four
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit-Walling
                   ,
                   viz.
                   at
                   the
                   rate
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   the
                   fifteen
                   new
                   ones
                   last
                   added
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   would
                   best
                   be
                   planted
                   all
                   with
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   we
                   will
                   fill
                   them
                   up
                   with
                   15
                   foot
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   3
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   9
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   6
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   think
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   fifteen
                   Additional
                   ones
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   require
                   two
                   Fig-trees
                   more
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   and
                   a
                   sixth
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     plum
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigon
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   six
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   a
                   sixth
                   and
                   seventh
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   eleventh
                   and
                   twelfth
                   
                     Troy
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   eighth
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Western
                     Side
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   ,
                   require
                   a
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   
                     Bourdin
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Italian
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Persick
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Purple
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Lutter
                     Royal
                     peach
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretien
                     pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamots
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   Northern
                   fifteen
                   ,
                   that
                   compleat
                   the
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   that
                   belong
                   to
                   the
                   share
                   of
                   that
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   place
                   12
                   Pear-trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   10th
                   .
                   11th
                   ;
                   12th
                   ,
                   and
                   13th
                   .
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   a
                   4th
                   and
                   5th
                   
                     Frank
                     Royal
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   2d
                   and
                   3d.
                   Angober
                   .
                
                 
                   Four
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit-Walling
                   then
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   four
                   several
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   will
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   contain
                   ,
                   14
                   
                     Fig-trees
                     ,
                     17
                     Apricock-trees
                  
                   ,
                   whereof
                   4
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     sort
                     ,
                     12
                     Early
                     Cherry-trees
                     ,
                  
                   thirty
                   foot
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   18
                   foot
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   12
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     22
                     Plum-trees
                     ,
                     137
                     Peach-trees
                     ,
                     10
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     116
                     Pear-trees
                     ,
                  
                   30
                   foot
                   of
                   Raspberry
                   Bushes
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   foot
                   of
                   Bourdelais
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   22
                   
                     Plum-trees
                     are
                     8
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     4
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     3
                     St.
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Mirabelles
                     ,
                     2
                     Apricock-plums
                     ,
                     2
                     Roche-Courbons
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Empress
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   137
                   Peach-trees
                   are
                   6
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     12
                     Troy
                     peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Red
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     2
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     8
                     White
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     10
                     Minions
                     ,
                     7
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     6
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     12
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     12
                     Forward
                  
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     5
                     Persicks
                     ,
                  
                   
                   2
                   
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     15
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     5
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     6
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     6
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     .
                     6
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     3
                     Yellow-Admirables
                     ,
                     6
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   2
                   
                     White
                     Andillies
                  
                   ,
                   The
                   10
                   Pavies
                   and
                   2
                   
                     White
                     Forward
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     1
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     Pavie
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Forward
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Yellow
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   118
                   Pear-Trees
                   are
                   10
                   
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     14
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     6
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     3
                     Robines
                     ,
                     6
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     6
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     4
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     4
                     Verte
                     Longues
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Sugar
                     green
                     Pear
                     ,
                     4
                     Bugies
                     ,
                     3
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Melting
                     Pear
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   2
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     5
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     2
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     1
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Espargne
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Cassolet
                     ,
                     1
                     Doyenne
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pear
                     ,
                     3
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     2
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     1
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     13
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   13
                   Virgoulees
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   here
                   I
                   think
                   is
                   the
                   proper
                   place
                   to
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   what
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   of
                   any
                   one
                   certain
                   kind
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   any
                   certain
                   Wall-Plantation
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   Violet
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   Boncretien
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Berganot
                     Pear
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   I
                   design
                   for
                   my
                   
                     East
                     ,
                     South
                     ,
                     West
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     North
                     Expositions
                  
                   ,
                   I
                   place
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   one
                   sort
                   ,
                   as
                   all
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   thesecnod
                   place
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   another
                   kind
                   ,
                   likewise
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   all
                   the
                   Admirables
                   &c
                   ,
                   without
                   mixing
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   kinds
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   :
                   As
                   finding
                   that
                   to
                   make
                   better
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   commodity
                   of
                   Gather'ing
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   preventing
                   any
                   loss
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   never
                   made
                   any
                   other
                   intermixture
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   told
                   you
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   Apricock-Trees
                   among
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   likewise
                   use
                   to
                   do
                   of
                   Plum-Trees
                   among
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   unless
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   
                   separate
                   Garden
                   big
                   enough
                   to
                   hold
                   all
                   the
                   Plum-Trees
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   my
                   Ground
                   requires
                   ,
                   for
                   then
                   I
                   reduce
                   them
                   all
                   into
                   that
                   one
                   place
                   ;
                   The
                   same
                   thing
                   I
                   do
                   with
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   For
                   five
                   hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   length
                   of
                   
                     Fruit
                     Walling
                  
                   ,
                   allowing
                   about
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   thirty
                   five
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   methinks
                   ,
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   our
                   additional
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   for
                   certain
                   curious
                   Persons
                   to
                   introduce
                   here
                   eight
                   foot
                   of
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   take
                   up
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   two
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Azeroll
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Hawthorn
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Thorn-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   ten
                   foot
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   they
                   please
                   ,
                   rather
                   ten
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Cioutat
                     Grapes
                  
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   early
                   Cherry-Trees
                   ,
                   seven
                   foot
                   will
                   afford
                   room
                   enough
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Azeroll
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   White
                   Thorn
                   ,
                   which
                   produces
                   a
                   Fruit
                   like
                   both
                   in
                   colour
                   and
                   shape
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Common
                     White
                     Thorn
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   twice
                   as
                   big
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Eye
                   or
                   Crown
                   is
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   open
                   ;
                   its
                   stalk
                   is
                   short
                   ,
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   hollow
                   into
                   the
                   
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   Doughy
                   ,
                   having
                   two
                   great
                   stones
                   within
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   the
                   Fruit
                   has
                   but
                   little
                   Pulp
                   :
                   Its
                   taste
                   is
                   sharp
                   and
                   sowrish
                   ,
                   which
                   pleases
                   certain
                   persons
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   length
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   amiss
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   couple
                   of
                   stocks
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   It
                   shoots
                   forth
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   boughs
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   its
                   Tree
                   is
                   fair
                   enough
                   ;
                   Its
                   leaf
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   Larger
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Common
                     White
                     Thorn
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   nothing
                   high
                   so
                   fruitful
                   as
                   that
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Grape
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   
                     Black
                     Morillion
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   takes
                   colour
                   very
                   early
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   it
                   appear
                   ripe
                   long
                   before
                   it
                   is
                   ;
                   Its
                   skin
                   is
                   very
                   tough
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   ripe
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   Grape
                   is
                   very
                   sweet
                   .
                   They
                   appear
                   commonly
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   of
                   July
                   .
                   It
                   may
                   easily
                   be
                   seen
                   ,
                   I
                   make
                   no
                   very
                   great
                   account
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   by
                   my
                   so
                   long
                   deferring
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   plant
                   some
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   for
                   Curiosity
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Cioutat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   the
                   Curious
                   at
                   their
                   own
                   Liberty
                   to
                   preferr
                   it
                   here
                   before
                   the
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   please
                   .
                   The
                   Fruit
                   of
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   very
                   like
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   as
                   colour
                   ,
                   bigness
                   ,
                   and
                   taste
                   ;
                   only
                   the
                   leaf
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Cioutat
                     Vine
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   dented
                   all
                   about
                   the
                   edges
                   like
                   Parsley
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   bear
                   more
                   Fruit
                   than
                   the
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   I
                   like
                   the
                   Chassela's
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   but
                   pure
                   curiosity
                   can
                   induce
                   me
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   feet
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   great
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   the
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   added
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   its
                   proportion
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   thirty
                   five
                   ,
                   shall
                   receive
                   two
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   an
                   eleventh
                   ,
                   twelfth
                   ,
                   and
                   thirteenth
                   
                     Minion
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   ninth
                   and
                   tenth
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   thirteenth
                   and
                   fourteenth
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   ninth
                   and
                   tenth
                   Admirable
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteen
                   Western
                   ones
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   same
                   Quota
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   thirty
                   five
                   ,
                   shall
                   receive
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Butter
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   Virgoulee
                   ,
                   a
                   ninth
                   ,
                   tenth
                   ,
                   eleventh
                   and
                   twelth
                   Boncretien
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   eighth
                   ,
                   ninth
                   ,
                   tenth
                   ,
                   and
                   eleventh
                   Bergamet
                   ;
                   And
                   the
                   fifteen
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   side
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   like
                   number
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   thirty
                   five
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   taken
                   up
                   with
                   a
                   sixth
                   ,
                   seventh
                   and
                   eighth
                   
                     Frank
                     Royal
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   ,
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   Angober
                   ,
                   
                   a
                   first
                   ,
                   second
                   ,
                   third
                   ,
                   and
                   fourth
                   Besidery
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   third
                   and
                   fourth
                   
                     Double
                     Flower
                     Pear-Tree
                  
                   .
                   Our
                   five
                   hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   then
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Wall
                   ,
                   will
                   at
                   this
                   rate
                   ,
                   be
                   stocked
                   with
                   sixteen
                   
                     White
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   seventeen
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   four
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   twelve
                   
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   fifty
                   foot
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   nineteen
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Chassela's
                  
                   ,
                   ten
                   of
                   Ciontat
                   ,
                   twelve
                   of
                   
                     Corinthian
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   foot
                   of
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   two
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   one
                   hundred
                   forty
                   six
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   two
                   Azerolls
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Haw
                     Thorn-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   forty
                   two
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   twenty
                   two
                   Plum-Trees
                   are
                   entirely
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   those
                   named
                   in
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Distribution
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   hundred
                   forty
                   six
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   six
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   twelve
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Red
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Rossanes
                   ,
                   ten
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   Red
                   ,
                   thirteen
                   Minions
                   ,
                   seven
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Chevrreuses
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   Hasting
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   two
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   seventeen
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Andilly
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   are
                   the
                   same
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   precedent
                   Distribution
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   hundred
                   forty
                   two
                   Pear-Trees
                   are
                   fourteen
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Little
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Robines
                   ,
                   six
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   six
                   Ambrets
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Sugar
                     Green
                     Pear
                     ,
                     4
                     Bugies
                     ,
                     3
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   one
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                     of
                     Brest
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Frank
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Besideries
                   ,
                   six
                   Angobers
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Double
                     Flowers
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Lansacs
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Great
                     Blanquet
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Epargne
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Cassolet
                   ,
                   one
                   Doyennee
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Russelet
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   fifteen
                   Virgoulees
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   allowing
                   about
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   fifteen
                   augmented
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   a
                   seventh
                   ,
                   eighth
                   ,
                   ninth
                   and
                   tenth
                   Latter
                   
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   seventh
                   and
                   eighth
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   ,
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirable
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Third
                   Avant
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   fifteen
                   augmented
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   assign
                   two
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   a
                   fourth
                   Avant
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   tenth
                   
                     Troy
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   an
                   eleventh
                   and
                   twelfth
                   
                     VVhite
                     Maudlin
                  
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fourteenth
                   and
                   fifteenth
                   Minion
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   first
                   
                     White
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Cherry
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   with
                   a
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   with
                   a
                   
                     Yellow
                     Pulp
                  
                   ;
                   They
                   are
                   both
                   about
                   the
                   Bigness
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   both
                   have
                   a
                   smooth
                   skin
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   both
                   very
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   flat
                   ,
                   and
                   sinking
                   :
                   Both
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   extremely
                   coloured
                   with
                   Red
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   they
                   had
                   the
                   names
                   they
                   bear
                   ;
                   but
                   one
                   has
                   a
                   
                     Yellow
                     Pulp
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   Doughy
                   substance
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   is
                   little
                   worth
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   has
                   a
                   white
                   and
                   firm
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   is
                   much
                   better
                   ;
                   which
                   last
                   when
                   it
                   can
                   attain
                   to
                   its
                   due
                   ripeness
                   ,
                   has
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   and
                   vinous
                   taste
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   indifferent
                   tender
                   Pulp
                   .
                   The
                   Earwiggs
                   which
                   are
                   little
                   longish
                   and
                   brown
                   insects
                   commit
                   cruel
                   hostilities
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   upon
                   the
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   fifteen
                   Superadded
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Western
                     sides
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   order
                   a
                   ninth
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   and
                   seventh
                   Chevreuse
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   
                     Troy
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   sixth
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Royal
                     Plum-Tree
                  
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   the
                   fifteen
                   augmented
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   its
                   Quota
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   provide
                   a
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   Robine
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   
                     Melting
                     Pear
                     of
                     Brest
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Epargne
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Doyennee
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Cassolet
                   ,
                   a
                   second
                   Blanquet
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   third
                   and
                   fourth
                   St.
                   Lezin
                   ,
                   a
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   
                     Cuisse
                     Madame
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thigh
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   fifth
                   
                     Dry
                     Martin
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   at
                   this
                   rate
                   ,
                   to
                   garnish
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   extent
                   of
                   
                     Fruit
                     Walling
                  
                   ,
                   allowing
                   about
                   an
                   hundred
                   and
                   fifty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   
                     White
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   whereof
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   nineteen
                   
                     Apricock
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   whereof
                   four
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherry
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   hundred
                   twenty
                   eight
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   Fifty
                   of
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   eight
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   twelve
                   of
                   Corinthian
                   ,
                   and
                   eight
                   of
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   twenty
                   four
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Bourdelais
                     ,
                     or
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   ;
                   twenty
                   five
                   
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     173
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   two
                   Azerol
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   fifty
                   one
                   Pear-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   five
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   nine
                   Violets
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Mirabelles
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Empress
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Plum
                     Royal.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   hundred
                   seventy
                   three
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   eight
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberge's
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   Rossane's
                   ,
                   twelve
                   White
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   Minions
                   ,
                   seven
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Persicks
                   ,
                   two
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   ten
                   
                     Latter
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   Nivettes
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Andillies
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   are
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Hasting
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     Pavie
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Rossane
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     Latter
                     Yellow
                     ones
                  
                   .
                   The
                   hundred
                   fifty
                   one
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   fourteen
                   Boncretiens
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Little
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Musk
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Robines
                   ,
                   six
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   six
                   Ambretts
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Sugar
                     Green
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Bugies
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Melting
                     Brest
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Frank
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   Besideries
                   ,
                   six
                   Angobers
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Double
                     Flowers
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Lansacs
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Great
                     Blanquets
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Epargne's
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Cassoletts
                   ,
                   two
                   Doyennee's
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Russelet
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   fourteen
                   Virgoulees
                   .
                
                 
                   Methinks
                   this
                   distribution
                   of
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Wall
                   ,
                   might
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   Direct
                   People
                   how
                   to
                   stock
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   were
                   of
                   a
                   thousand
                   or
                   twelve
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   since
                   having
                   from
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   ,
                   disposed
                   of
                   our
                   Walls
                   ,
                   by
                   adding
                   fifteen
                   and
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   down
                   exactly
                   what
                   enters
                   first
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   first
                   fifteen
                   ,
                   and
                   afterward
                   into
                   30
                   ,
                   45
                   ,
                   60
                   ,
                   75
                   ,
                   90
                   ,
                   105
                   ,
                   120
                   ,
                   135
                   ,
                   and
                   150.
                   
                   Those
                   Gentlemen
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   the
                   150
                   ,
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   garnishing
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   we
                   last
                   gave
                   directions
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   165
                   ,
                   180
                   ,
                   185
                   ,
                   or
                   210
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   &c.
                   might
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   set
                   down
                   ,
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   additional
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Exposition
                   ;
                   And
                   therefore
                   without
                   pursuing
                   any
                   further
                   ,
                   this
                   tedious
                   long
                   list
                   and
                   enumeration
                   of
                   each
                   single
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   might
                   very
                   well
                   finish
                   here
                   ,
                   and
                   justly
                   hope
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   would
                   be
                   satisfied
                   with
                   me
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   would
                   not
                   blame
                   me
                   for
                   having
                   insisted
                   too
                   long
                   upon
                   this
                   unpleasing
                   work
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   to
                   facilitate
                   all
                   things
                   yet
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   six
                   hundred
                   and
                   sixty
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Walling
                   ,
                   whose
                   Southern
                   side
                   contains
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   sixty
                   five
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   last
                   added
                   ,
                   eleven
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   four
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   two
                   Minions
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Forward
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   an
                   Eastern
                   Wall
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   extent
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   super-add
                   eleven
                   other
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   two
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   nine
                   good
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   three
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   three
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   and
                   three
                   Persicks
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   a
                   
                     Western
                     one
                  
                   augmented
                   with
                   the
                   like
                   number
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   order
                   eleven
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   three
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Nivette
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   a
                   like
                   supernumerary
                   Quantity
                   ,
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   Northern
                   side
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   like
                   proportion
                   of
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   assign
                   twelve
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   two
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Virgoulees
                   ,
                   two
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Double
                     Flowers
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Bugi's
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   in
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   six
                   hundred
                   and
                   threescore
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Wall
                   ,
                   besides
                   all
                   the
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   the
                   twenty
                   five
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   two
                   Azeroll
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Hawthorn-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   set
                   down
                   in
                   our
                   Distribution
                   of
                   the
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   eighteen
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   five
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     Sort
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   one
                   hundred
                   ninety
                   seven
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   sixty
                   three
                   Pear-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   seven
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Walling
                   ,
                   the
                   South
                   side
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighty
                   ,
                   should
                   for
                   its
                   augmentation
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   have
                   an
                   addition
                   of
                   eight
                   Boncretien
                   and
                   four
                   
                     Suisse
                     Bergamot
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   .
                   We
                   should
                   have
                   some
                   well
                   coloured
                   
                     Boncretien
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Bergamots
                   a
                   little
                   earlier
                   ripe
                   than
                   others
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   effect
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   is
                   necessary
                   :
                   'T
                   is
                   true
                   the
                   
                     Tiger
                     Babbs
                  
                   put
                   me
                   in
                   great
                   apprehensions
                   for
                   these
                   twelve
                   Pear-Trees
                   .
                   But
                   besides
                   that
                   I
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   give
                   occasion
                   
                   to
                   any
                   persons
                   to
                   blame
                   me
                   for
                   having
                   had
                   no
                   care
                   to
                   place
                   honourably
                   and
                   advantageously
                   ,
                   those
                   two
                   Pears
                   which
                   I
                   so
                   highly
                   prize
                   ,
                
                 
                   We
                   will
                   do
                   what
                   we
                   can
                   to
                   defend
                   them
                   from
                   all
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   last
                   ,
                   if
                   all
                   our
                   care
                   and
                   industry
                   be
                   without
                   success
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   put
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   or
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Muscat
                     Vines
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   place
                   of
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   at
                   least
                   have
                   this
                   satisfaction
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   forgot
                   nothing
                   that
                   may
                   contribute
                   towards
                   the
                   well
                   discharging
                   of
                   our
                   duty
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   East
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   fourscore
                   ,
                   for
                   its
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   three
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Perdrigon
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Mirabell
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Empresses
                   ,
                   One
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   St.
                   Catharines
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   West
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighty
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   eleven
                   Trees
                   ,
                   four
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Lateward
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   one
                   Brugnon
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   one
                   Nivette
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Rouselet
                     Pear-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   North
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighty
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   for
                   its
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   and
                   sixteen
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   ,
                   and
                   Curran-bushes
                   ,
                   I
                   allow
                   3
                   foot
                   to
                   the
                   Goose-berries
                   ,
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   and
                   only
                   2
                   to
                   the
                   Raspberries
                   ,
                   and
                   these
                   Goose-berries
                   or
                   Currans
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   Raspberries
                   will
                   indeed
                   yield
                   their
                   Fruit
                   Later
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   Larger
                   ,
                   and
                   amongst
                   those
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   and
                   Goose-berry
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Curran
                     bushes
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   put
                   eight
                   Standard-Trees
                   that
                   may
                   serve
                   to
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   one
                   Apricock-Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   seven
                   such
                   Pear-Trees
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   here
                   specifie
                   ;
                   two
                   
                     Dry
                     Martin
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Frank
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Angobers
                   and
                   one
                   Besidery
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   in
                   seven
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Toises
                   of
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit
                   Walling
                   ,
                   besides
                   all
                   the
                   Vines
                   or
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   the
                   ten
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   two
                   Azeroll
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                  
                   mentioned
                   in
                   the
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   seven
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   a
                   hundred
                   and
                   eighty
                   three
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   Forward
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   one
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   five
                   are
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   twenty
                   
                     White
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   thirty
                   six
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   and
                   sixteen
                   
                     Dutch
                     Goose-Berries
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Curran-bushes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   two
                   hundred
                   and
                   seven
                   Peach-Trees
                   shall
                   be
                   eight
                   
                     Forward
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   fifteen
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge's
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   Rossane's
                   ,
                   fourteen
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   seventeen
                   Mignons
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Bourdins
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   Chevreuses
                   ,
                   eighteen
                   
                     Hasty
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Persick
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Bellegardes
                   ,
                   twenty
                   two
                   Admirables
                   ,
                   seven
                   
                     Purple
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   nine
                   
                     Latter
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   ten
                   
                     Nivette
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Nectarins
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     White
                     Andillies
                  
                   and
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   a
                   hundred
                   eighty
                   three
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   twenty
                   two
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                  
                   ,
                   twenty
                   four
                   Bergamots
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Little
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   five
                   
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                  
                   ,
                   fifty
                   Robines
                   ,
                   six
                   Leschasseries
                   ,
                   six
                   Ambretts
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   seven
                   Matinsecs
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   ,
                   four
                   
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   
                     Sugar
                     Green
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Bugies
                   ,
                   three
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Fondante
                     de
                     Brest
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Melting
                     Brest
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     St.
                     Lezins
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   
                     Frank
                     Royals
                  
                   ,
                   eight
                   Angobers
                   ,
                   six
                   
                     Double
                     Flowers
                  
                   ,
                   six
                   Besideries
                   ,
                   two
                   Lansacs
                   ,
                   two
                   
                     Great
                     Blanquets
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Epargnes
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Cassolets
                   ,
                   two
                   Doyennes
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   two
                   Rousselets
                   ,
                   sixteen
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   sixteen
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     Pears
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   36
                   Plum-Trees
                   must
                   be
                   12
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     6
                     white
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     5
                     St.
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     3
                     White
                     Mirabells
                     ,
                     3
                     Apricock
                     Plums
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Empresses
                     ,
                     3
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Plum
                     Royal.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   To
                   780
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit-VVall
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   15
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   
                     South
                     Exposition
                  
                   which
                   make
                   in
                   all
                   195
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   allow
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   these
                   ;
                   2
                   
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     3
                     Bellegardes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   6
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   namely
                   a
                   2d
                   .
                   and
                   3d.
                   
                     Little
                     Pavie
                     Alberge
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   3d.
                   
                     Hasty
                     Pavie
                     Rossane
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   3d.
                   
                     Hasty
                     White
                     Pavie
                  
                   and
                   a
                   4th
                   .
                   
                     Red
                     backward
                     Pavie
                     Peach
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   3d.
                   
                     Yellow
                     Latter
                     Pavie
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   here
                   venture
                   to
                   add
                   2
                   
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   other
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   being
                   assured
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   can
                   fully
                   ripen
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   pretty
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   great
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   least
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   good
                   in
                   a
                   wet
                   sweet-meat
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   Quarter
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   390
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   put
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   2
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     1
                     White
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peach
                     ,
                     2
                     Admirables
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Hasty
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   which
                   also
                   make
                   195
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   put
                   12
                   Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   ,
                   2
                   
                     Ambretts
                     ,
                     2
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     2
                     Winter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     2
                     Thorn
                     Marevils
                     ,
                     2
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                  
                   for
                   to
                   have
                   Fruit
                   for
                   a
                   longer
                   time
                   ,
                   1
                   Robine
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Peach
                     Tree
                  
                   ,
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   simple
                   curiosity
                   of
                   its
                   Flower
                   or
                   Blossom
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Toises
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   195
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   twenty
                   four
                   foot
                   of
                   Bourdelais
                   ,
                   and
                   21
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Chassela's
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Service
                   of
                   their
                   Leaves
                   and
                   Verjuice
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   provided
                   with
                   Grapes
                   that
                   will
                   keep
                   very
                   long
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   840
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Fruit-Walls
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   place
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   composed
                   of
                   210.
                   4
                   
                   
                     White
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     2
                     Robines
                     ,
                     2
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Musqued
                     Summer
                     Boncretien
                  
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   210
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   3
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     4
                     Minions
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   4
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Toises
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   same
                   quantity
                   of
                   210
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   6
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   put
                   6
                   Fig-Trees
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   not
                   that
                   I
                   expect
                   they
                   will
                   yield
                   any
                   second
                   Figs
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   's
                   but
                   very
                   seldom
                   they
                   can
                   ripen
                   there
                   ,
                   unless
                   there
                   happen
                   such
                   a
                   Summer
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   in
                   1676.
                   
                   But
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   ,
                   they
                   grow
                   very
                   fair
                   there
                   and
                   ripen
                   very
                   well
                   .
                   I
                   set
                   them
                   also
                   sometimes
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   very
                   Extraordinary
                   quantity
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   draw
                   assistance
                   from
                   them
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   ,
                   which
                   fail
                   not
                   to
                   ripen
                   there
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Layers
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   grow
                   fair
                   there
                   and
                   in
                   great
                   abundance
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Toises
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   for
                   12
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   2
                   
                     Sugred
                     Greens
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Johns
                     ,
                     2
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     2
                     Vine
                     pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Orange-Green
                     pear
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   840
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   -
                   Trees
                   ,
                   should
                   contain
                   238
                   
                     Peach-trees
                     ,
                     16
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     213
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Garden
                     Haw
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Azeroll-Trees
                     ,
                     32
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     47
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     18
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     21
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                  
                   of
                   which
                   5
                   must
                   be
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   48
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   16
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   174
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   50
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Musked
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   6
                   of
                   Red
                   ,
                   50
                   foot
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   12
                   of
                   Corinthian
                   ,
                   8
                   of
                   Early
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   48
                   foot
                   of
                   Bourdelais
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   238
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   12
                   
                     Forward
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     28
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     3
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     4
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     18
                     White
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     5
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     21
                     Minions
                     ,
                     12
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     8
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     17
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     20
                     Forward
                     Violets
                     ,
                     8
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     5
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     2
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     24
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     7
                     Purples
                     ,
                     9
                     lateward
                     Royals
                     ,
                     10
                     lateward
                     Violets
                     ,
                     10
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     6
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     8
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Andillies
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     pulpt
                     Cherries
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   16
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   are
                   3
                   
                     VVhite
                     Hasting
                     pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Rossane
                     Hasting
                     pavies
                     4
                     Red
                     lateward
                     pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Yellow
                     lateward
                     pavies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   213
                   Pear-Trees
                   are
                   22
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     24
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     10
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     7
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     8
                     Robines
                     ,
                     8
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     8
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     6
                     Winter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     6
                     Mareuil
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     7
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     6
                     Long
                     Greens
                     ,
                     3
                     Sugar
                     Greens
                     ,
                     6
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     4
                     Orange-Greens
                     ,
                     2
                     Melting
                     Brest
                     pears
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Johns
                     ,
                     8
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     8
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     6
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     6
                     Besideries
                     ,
                     4
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     2
                     Vine
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Large
                     Blanquets
                     ,
                     2
                     Espargnes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Doyennes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     16
                     Butter
                     pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   16
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     pears
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   36
                   plum-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   same
                   specified
                   in
                   the
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   720
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   above
                   specified
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   900
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   make
                   into
                   Sloped
                   Banks
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   making
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   225
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   if
                   I
                   find
                   240
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   on
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   just
                   the
                   fourth
                   part
                   of
                   960
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   circumference
                   ,
                   these
                   Banks
                   or
                   Slopes
                   are
                   very
                   useful
                   and
                   necessary
                   for
                   producing
                   Early
                   and
                   
                     Hasting
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Hasting
                     Artichoacks
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   therefore
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   built
                   little
                   small
                   counter
                   Walls
                   to
                   support
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   this
                   must
                   be
                   in
                   some
                   by-place
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   some
                   Garden
                   apart
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   very
                   disagreeable
                   figure
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   and
                   making
                   225
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   put
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   5
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     3
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     1
                     Nivette
                     ,
                     2
                     Minions
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   one
                   
                     White
                     Magdalen
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   Augmented
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   also
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   3
                   
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     3
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     2
                     Purples
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   Augmented
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   225
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   plant
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   or
                   Currans
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Red
                   as
                   White
                   ,
                   or
                   Pearled
                   ,
                   with
                   8
                   Standard-Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   4
                   
                     Virgoulces
                     ,
                     2
                     Butter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   2.
                   
                   
                     Dry
                     Martins
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   960
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   raise
                   into
                   Slope
                   -
                   Bank
                   to
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   part
                   ,
                   Augmented
                   beyond
                   the
                   225
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   hinted
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   or
                   Toises
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   240
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   3
                   
                     Abricot-Trees
                     ,
                     1
                     Violet
                     Perdrigon
                     ,
                     1
                     White
                     Perdrigon
                     ,
                     1
                     St.
                     Catharine
                     ,
                     1
                     Abricot
                     Pluni
                     ,
                     1
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                     ,
                     1
                     Empress
                     ,
                     1
                     Minion
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Plum
                     Royal.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   or
                   Toises
                   of
                   the
                   VVest
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   4
                   
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     2
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     3
                     VVinter
                     Boncretien
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   Bergamots
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   making
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   240
                   Fathoms
                   shall
                   be
                   for
                   12
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   6
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     6
                     Magdalen
                     Pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Abricot-Tree
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Peaches
                  
                   ;
                   Those
                   6
                   Fig-Trees
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   to
                   furnish
                   us
                   with
                   Figs
                   in
                   the
                   Interval
                   that
                   is
                   betwixt
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   
                     second
                     Figs
                  
                   of
                   other
                   Exposition
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   So
                   that
                   for
                   960
                   Toises
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   266
                   
                     peach-Trees
                     ,
                     16
                     pavies
                     ,
                     231
                     pear-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Garden
                     Azerol
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Haw-Trees
                     ,
                     38
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     44
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     18
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     25
                     Abricot-trees
                     ,
                  
                   of
                   which
                   5
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   48
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   46
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   or
                   Currans
                   ,
                   both
                   Red
                   and
                   Speckled
                   ,
                   and
                   prickling
                   ,
                   274
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     30
                     Toises
                  
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Slope
                   Banks
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   266
                   peach-trees
                   are
                   12
                   
                     Early
                     peaches
                     ,
                     20
                     Troy
                     peaches
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     3
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     4
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     19
                     White
                     Magdalens
                     ,
                     5
                     Red
                     Magdalens
                     ,
                     23
                     Minions
                     ,
                     15
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     11
                     Italian
                     peaches
                     ,
                     20
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     26
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     10
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     5
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     2
                     Pau
                     peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     9
                     Purples
                     ,
                     9
                     Lateward
                     Royals
                     ,
                     10
                     Lateward
                     Violets
                     ,
                     11
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     6
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     9
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Andillies
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     pulpt
                     Cherry
                     peaches
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   16
                   pavies
                   are
                   the
                   same
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   distribution
                   of
                   840
                   Toifes
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   231
                   pear-trees
                   are
                   ,
                   25
                   
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     26
                     Bergamots
                     .
                     10
                     Stocks
                  
                   of
                   
                     little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     7
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     8
                     Robines
                     ,
                     8
                     Leschasseri's
                     ,
                     8
                     Ambretts
                     ,
                     6
                     VVinter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     6
                     Mareuil
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     9
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     6
                     Verte
                     Longues
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Green
                     long
                     pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Sugar'd
                     Greens
                     ,
                     6
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     4
                     Orange-Greens
                     ,
                     2
                     Melting
                     Brest
                     pears
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Jeans
                     ,
                     8
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     8
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     9
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     6
                     Besideries
                     ,
                     4
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     2
                     Wine
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     great
                     Blanquets
                     ,
                     2
                     Epargnes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Doyennes
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     18
                     Butter
                     pears
                     ,
                     28
                     Virgoulees
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Magdalen
                     pears
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   44
                   Plum-Trees
                   are
                   13
                   
                     Violet
                     perdrigons
                     ,
                     7
                     VVhite
                     perdrigons
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     3
                     White
                     Mirabells
                     ,
                     4
                     Abricot-plums
                     ,
                     4
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                     ,
                     4
                     Empresses
                     ,
                     1
                     Minion
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     plum
                     Royals
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   174
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   same
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   840
                   Fathoms
                   or
                   Toises
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   30
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Slope-Bank
                   ,
                   are
                   for
                   
                     Hasting
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Hasting
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Hasting
                     Artichoaks
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   38
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   6
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     VVhite
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   
                     round
                     VVhite
                     Figs.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   For
                   120
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   equally
                   divided
                   into
                   4
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   of
                   255
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   put
                   for
                   the
                   15
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   quarter
                   once
                   more
                   ,
                   24
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   6
                   of
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   fifteen
                   foot
                   of
                   Corinths
                   ,
                   providing
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   Country
                   where
                   they
                   will
                   thorowly
                   ripen
                   ,
                   which
                   experience
                   ought
                   to
                   Teach
                   us
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   First
                   side
                   ,
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   3
                   
                     Troy
                     peaches
                     ,
                     1
                     Forward
                     peach
                     ,
                     1
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     ,
                     1
                     Rossane
                     ,
                     1
                     VVhite
                     Magdalen
                     ,
                     1
                     Mignonne
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Purple
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     VVest
                     ,
                     11
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   viz.
                   2
                   
                     Troy
                     peaches
                     ,
                     1
                     Forward
                     peach
                     ,
                     1
                     Yellow
                     Alberge
                     ,
                     3
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   4
                   
                     Virgoulee
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     North
                     ,
                     12
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   viz.
                   4
                   
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     2
                     long
                     Greens
                     ,
                     2
                     Butter
                     pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Frank
                     Royals
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   180
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   VVall-Trees
                   ,
                   equally
                   divided
                   into
                   4
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   each
                   consisting
                   of
                   255
                   ,
                   we
                   will
                   place
                   for
                   the
                   30
                   of
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   quarter
                   ,
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   4
                   
                     latter
                     Violets
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     2
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     2
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     1
                     latter
                     Royal.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     East
                     ,
                     12
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   viz.
                   3
                   
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     2
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     1
                     Ambrett
                     ,
                     1
                     VVinter
                     Thorn
                     ,
                     1
                     Leschassery
                     ,
                     2
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     pears
                     ,
                     1
                     Butter
                     pear
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Lansac
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     VVest
                     ,
                     12
                     Trees
                  
                   .
                   viz.
                   2
                   
                     Robines
                     ,
                     2
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     2
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     1
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     1
                     Magdalen
                     pear
                     ,
                     1
                     Ambret
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Leschasery
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     North
                     ,
                     11
                     Plum-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   all
                   for
                   the
                   compôtes
                   or
                   wet
                   sweet-meats
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     4
                     Imperials
                     ,
                     2
                     Cer
                     〈…〉
                     y
                     perdrigons
                     ,
                     2
                     Castclanes
                     ,
                     2
                     Ilverts
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Mirabel
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   for
                   1080
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   Trees
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   293
                   
                     peach-Trees
                     ,
                     16
                     pavies
                     ,
                     270
                     pear-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Azerall
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                     ,
                     38
                     Fig-trees
                     ,
                     55
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     18
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     25
                     Abricot-Trees
                     ,
                  
                   48
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   46
                   foot
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   219
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Sloped
                   Bank.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   293
                   peach-Trees
                   are
                   ,
                   14
                   
                     Forward
                     peaches
                     ,
                     25
                     Troy
                     peaches
                     ,
                     4
                     Red
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     4
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     5
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     5
                     VVhite
                     Magdalens
                     ,
                     5
                     Red
                     Magdalens
                     ,
                     24
                     Mignons
                     ,
                     14
                     Boin
                     dins
                     ,
                     10
                     peaches
                  
                   of
                   
                     Italy
                     ,
                     23
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     26
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     10
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     5
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     2
                     Pau
                     peaches
                     ,
                     32
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     10
                     Purples
                     ,
                     10
                     Latter
                     peach
                     Royals
                     ,
                     14
                     Latter
                     Violets
                     ,
                     13
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     8
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     9
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Andillies
                     ,
                     2
                     VVhite
                     pulps
                     Cherry
                     peaches
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   16
                   pavies
                   ,
                   are
                   3
                   
                     White
                     Hasting
                     pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Alberges
                     ,
                     3
                     Hasting
                     Rossane
                     pavies
                     ,
                     4
                     latter
                     red
                     pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Latter
                     Yellow
                     pavies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   270
                   Pear-Trees
                   are
                   27
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     32
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     10
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     9
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady-Thighs
                     ,
                     10
                     Robines
                     ,
                     10
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     10
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     7
                     Winter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     8
                     Mareuil
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     11
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     8
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Sucre
                     Vertes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Sugar
                     Greens
                     ,
                     6
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     4
                     Orange-Greens
                     ,
                     2
                     Melting
                     Brest
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Fondantes
                     de
                     Brest
                  
                   ,
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Johns
                     ,
                     10
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     8
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     9
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     6
                     Besideri's
                     ,
                     6
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     2
                     Vine
                     Fears
                     ,
                     2
                     Great
                     Blanquets
                  
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Epagnes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Doyennes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     21
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                     24
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     3
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Summer
                     Musked
                     Boncretien
                  
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   38
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   6
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     White
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   are
                   all
                   of
                   the
                   round
                   White
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   55
                   Plum-Trees
                   are
                   15
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     7
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     4
                     White
                     Mirables
                     ,
                     4
                     Apricock
                     Plums
                     ,
                     4
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                     ,
                     4
                     Empresses
                     ,
                     2
                     Minions
                     ,
                     4
                     Imperials
                     ,
                     2
                     Cernay
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     2
                     Castellans
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   Ilverts
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   25
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   5
                   Hastings
                   ;
                   among
                   the
                   48
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   12
                   of
                   the
                   White
                   sort
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   46
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   Red
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   White
                   or
                   pearled
                   sort
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   of
                   the
                   prickled
                   called
                   in
                   English
                   Goose-berries
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   219
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   24
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   12
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   27
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Corinths
                  
                   ,
                   40
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   18
                   of
                   Cioutat
                   ,
                   8
                   of
                   
                     Early
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   48
                   of
                   Bourdelais
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   30
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Sloped
                   Banks
                   are
                   planted
                   ,
                   18
                   of
                   them
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Pease
                  
                   ,
                   6
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Artichoaks
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   1140
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   equally
                   parted
                   into
                   four
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   each
                   consisting
                   of
                   285
                   ,
                   we
                   would
                   Plant
                   in
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   augmented
                   towards
                   the
                   
                     South
                     ,
                     3
                     Boncretien
                     Winter
                     Pear
                     Trees
                     ,
                     3
                     Swiss
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     2
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     1
                     Musked
                     Summer
                     Boncretien
                     ,
                     1
                     Lansac
                     ;
                     1
                     Hasting
                     Apricock
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   added
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   we
                   would
                   place
                   11
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   1
                   
                     White
                     Maudlin
                     ,
                     2
                     Minions
                     ,
                     2
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     1
                     Bellegarde
                     ,
                     2
                     Purples
                     ,
                     1
                     Violet
                     Brugnon
                  
                   or
                   Nectarin
                   ,
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Troy
                     Peach
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   we
                   would
                   stock
                   with
                   11
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   4
                   
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     1
                     Troy
                     Peach
                     ,
                     1
                     Hasting
                  
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach
                     ,
                     2
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     2
                     Persicks
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   we
                   would
                   fill
                   up
                   with
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   4
                   
                     Fig.
                     Trees
                     ,
                     1
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   6
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   may
                   be
                   thought
                   strange
                   that
                   I
                   should
                   place
                   6
                   Peach-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   know
                   by
                   Experience
                   ,
                   that
                   though
                   the
                   other
                   sorts
                   of
                   Peaches
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   aptness
                   to
                   grow
                   doughy
                   ,
                   prove
                   not
                   good
                   in
                   that
                   Aspect
                   ,
                   yet
                   those
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   do
                   tolerably
                   well
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   dry
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   and
                   dry
                   years
                   .
                   And
                   I
                   have
                   seen
                   in
                   this
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   both
                   lovely
                   and
                   very
                   good
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   must
                   add
                   this
                   hint
                   withal
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   then
                   only
                   I
                   resolve
                   to
                   hazard
                   some
                   few
                   Trees
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Northern
                     Aspect
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   extraordinary
                   of
                   Walling
                   to
                   garnish
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   1200
                   Fathoms
                   divided
                   into
                   four
                   Equal
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   each
                   consisting
                   of
                   300
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   raise
                   those
                   fifteen
                   Augmented
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   into
                   a
                   Sloped
                   Bank
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Artichoaks
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   't
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   too
                   much
                   if
                   we
                   should
                   employ
                   45
                   Fathoms
                   out
                   of
                   300
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   use
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   mentioned
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   45
                   Fathoms
                   would
                   give
                   satisfaction
                   both
                   in
                   Winter
                   and
                   Spring
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   Summer
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   36
                   of
                   them
                   taken
                   up
                   with
                   Purslain
                   ,
                   and
                   Basil
                   for
                   Seed
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   added
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   filled
                   up
                   with
                   11
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   2
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     2
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     1
                     Hasting
                  
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peach
                     ,
                     1
                     Red
                     Maudlin
                     ,
                     1
                     Rossane
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   Minions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Western
                   Additional
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   should
                   also
                   be
                   stocked
                   with
                   11
                   Trees
                   ,
                   viz.
                   4
                   Fig-Trees
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   10
                   in
                   that
                   Exposition
                   that
                   succeeds
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   or
                   East
                   ,
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     2
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Common
                     Apricock-Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   300
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   filled
                   up
                   with
                   20
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     Common
                     Red
                     Currans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   20
                   foot
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   with
                   5
                   foot
                   of
                   Bourdelais
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   mixt
                   among
                   them
                   at
                   equal
                   distances
                   to
                   run
                   up
                   above
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   garnish
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall.
                   So
                   that
                   in
                   1200
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   9
                   foot
                   high
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   planted
                   798
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   70
                   plants
                   of
                   Rasp-berries
                   ,
                   66
                   plants
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   
                     Currans
                     ,
                     211
                     Vine
                     Plants
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   45
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Sloped
                   Banks
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Hasting
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Artichoaks
                   .
                   The
                   798
                   Trees
                   are
                   334
                   
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     16
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     301
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     2
                     Azeroll
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                     ,
                     44
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     54
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     18
                     Hasting
                  
                   or
                   
                     May
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   29
                   Apricock-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   334
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   15
                   Forward
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     29
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     4
                     Red
                  
                   and
                   4
                   
                     Yellow
                     Alberge's
                     ,
                     6
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                     24
                     White
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   6
                   
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     28
                     Minions
                     ,
                     17
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     13
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     25
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     30
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     12
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     6
                     Bellegardes
                     ,
                     2
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     40
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     12
                     Purples
                     .
                     12
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     14
                     Latter
                     Violets
                     ,
                     13
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     10
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     10
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Andilli's
                     ,
                     10
                     White
                     Pulpt
                     Cherry
                     Peaches
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   10
                   
                     Double
                     Flowers
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   16
                   Pavies
                   are
                   3
                   
                     White
                     Hasting
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Hasting
                     Rossane
                     Pavies
                     4
                     Latter
                     Red
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Latter
                     Yellow
                     Pavies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   301
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   30
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     35
                     Bergamots
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   12
                   are
                   Swisse
                   ,
                   10
                   
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     9
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     10
                     Robines
                     ,
                     10
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     10
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     7
                     Winter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     7
                     Mareuil
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     11
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     8
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Sucre
                     Vertes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Sugar
                     Greens
                     ,
                     6
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     4
                     Orange-Greens
                     ,
                     2
                     Fondantes
                  
                   or
                   
                     Melting
                     Pears
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Johns
                     ,
                     10
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     8
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     9
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     8
                     Besideries
                     ,
                     7
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     3
                     Vine
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Great
                     Blanquets
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Epargne
                  
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Dean
                     Pears
                  
                   or
                   
                     Doyennes
                     ,
                     6
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     21
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                     21
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     3
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Musked
                     Summer
                     Boncretiens
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   44
                   Fig-Trees
                   there
                   are
                   6
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Long
                     White
                  
                   sort
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   54
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   13
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     6
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     4
                     White
                     Mirabels
                     ,
                     4
                     Apricock
                     Plums
                     ,
                     4
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                     ,
                     4
                     Empresses
                     ,
                     1
                     Minion
                     ,
                     4
                     Imperials
                     ,
                     2
                     Cernay
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     2
                     Castellans
                     ,
                     2
                     Ilverts
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Royal
                     Plums
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   29
                   Apricock-Trees
                   there
                   are
                   6
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   70
                   Plants
                   of
                   
                     Rasp
                     berries
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   20
                   of
                   the
                   White
                   sort
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   70
                   plants
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   34
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Holland
                     Currans
                  
                   ,
                   8
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Holland
                     Goose-berries
                  
                   ,
                   18
                   of
                   
                     Common
                     Red
                     Currant
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   6
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Common
                     Green
                     Goose-berries
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   211
                   
                     Vine
                     Plants
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   8
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   12
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   27
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Corinths
                  
                   ,
                   8
                   of
                   
                     Early
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   36
                   of
                   Bourdelai's
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   40
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   and
                   10
                   of
                   Cioutat
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   45
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Sloped
                   Banks
                   are
                   filled
                   up
                   thus
                   ,
                   viz.
                   26
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Pease
                  
                   ,
                   8
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   9
                   with
                   
                     Hasting
                     Artichoaks
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   now
                   since
                   I
                   have
                   with
                   my
                   best
                   skill
                   and
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   performed
                   my
                   promised
                   undertaking
                   ,
                   in
                   directing
                   you
                   how
                   to
                   plant
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   1200
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Wall
                   of
                   9
                   foot
                   high
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   choicest
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   not
                   amiss
                   for
                   your
                   better
                   understanding
                   of
                   my
                   design
                   ,
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   likewise
                   here
                   by
                   themselves
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   Trees
                   there
                   are
                   assigned
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   among
                   the
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Fruits
                   named
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   see
                   at
                   one
                   view
                   how
                   I
                   have
                   disposed
                   of
                   every
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   particular
                   ;
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   also
                   plainly
                   shown
                   from
                   Article
                   to
                   Article
                   containing
                   a
                   gradual
                   Augmentation
                   of
                   15
                   Fathoms
                   or
                   Toises
                   to
                   each
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   method
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   easily
                   know
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   40
                   
                     Admirable
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   30
                   
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                  
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   35
                   
                     Bergamot
                     Pear-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   how
                   many
                   Trees
                   of
                   each
                   sort
                   are
                   placed
                   to
                   a
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   of
                   300
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   to
                   an
                   Eastern
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Extent
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   to
                   a
                   Western
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   to
                   a
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   whether
                   Kernal
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   stone
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   declared
                   my
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   but
                   a
                   small
                   difference
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   between
                   the
                   Southern
                   and
                   
                     Eastern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   except
                   it
                   be
                   for
                   raising
                   of
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Artichoaks
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   would
                   plant
                   in
                   a
                   Sloped
                   Bank
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   
                     Early
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Early
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Hasting
                     Apricocks
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   and
                   particularly
                   for
                   
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Little
                     Muscat
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   would
                   likewise
                   advise
                   you
                   to
                   place
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Southern
                     Aspect
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   obliged
                   me
                   to
                   mix
                   these
                   two
                   Expositions
                   together
                   ,
                   was
                   because
                   very
                   often
                   Gardens
                   are
                   so
                   contrived
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   Expositions
                   is
                   quite
                   wanting
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   is
                   found
                   there
                   ,
                   ought
                   in
                   that
                   Garden
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   both
                   the
                   two
                   .
                   And
                   indeed
                   how
                   many
                   Gardens
                   do
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   have
                   but
                   one
                   great
                   Wall
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   or
                   one
                   great
                   Wall
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   with
                   little
                   or
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   towards
                   the
                   other
                   quarters
                   ;
                   But
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Expositions
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   or
                   North
                   ,
                   very
                   few
                   persons
                   ever
                   being
                   guilty
                   of
                   such
                   ill
                   contrivance
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Garden
                   only
                   furnish't
                   with
                   Wall
                   ,
                   towards
                   those
                   Aspects
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   which
                   are
                   accommodated
                   only
                   with
                   a
                   Southern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   furnish
                   it
                   with
                   all
                   those
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   assigned
                   for
                   that
                   and
                   an
                   Eastern
                   one
                   too
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   like
                   manner
                   those
                   Gentlemen
                   that
                   have
                   only
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   an
                   Eastern
                   Wall
                   ,
                   since
                   they
                   cannot
                   have
                   all
                   the
                   advantage
                   they
                   might
                   expect
                   from
                   a
                   
                     Southern
                     Aspect
                  
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   content
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   their
                   Eastern
                   ones
                   ,
                   by
                   planting
                   in
                   it
                   all
                   the
                   same
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   assigned
                   for
                   both
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Southern
                   one
                   ;
                   for
                   these
                   two
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   well
                   
                   knwon
                   ,
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   receiving
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   sit
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   two
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   other
                   two
                   Expositions
                   are
                   not
                   sit
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   require
                   the
                   Expositions
                   of
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   South
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   not
                   easily
                   to
                   hazard
                   to
                   plant
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   or
                   West
                   ,
                   any
                   
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Hasting
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Hasting
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   to
                   eat
                   Raw
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   Plums
                   to
                   eat
                   Raw
                   ;
                   for
                   good
                   Plums
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   
                     Good
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   should
                   bring
                   their
                   Natural
                   Sugar
                   with
                   them
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   perfection
                   that
                   nothing
                   but
                   a
                   thorow
                   ripeness
                   can
                   give
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   an
                   accomplish'd
                   Ripeness
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   attained
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Northern
                     Aspect
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   whereas
                   other
                   Fruits
                   as
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   being
                   better'd
                   with
                   Artificial
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   Prunes
                   will
                   admit
                   of
                   no
                   seasoning
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   one
                   observation
                   more
                   to
                   offer
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   much
                   Walling
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   or
                   East
                   ,
                   and
                   none
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   forbear
                   planting
                   towards
                   their
                   South
                   or
                   East
                   ,
                   many
                   things
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   assigned
                   for
                   a
                   Northern
                   Wall
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   some
                   Baking
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Bourdelai's
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Goose-berries
                     ,
                     Currans
                     ,
                     Rasp-berries
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   the
                   places
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   seeming
                   to
                   me
                   too
                   precious
                   to
                   be
                   bestowed
                   upon
                   Fruits
                   of
                   so
                   little
                   value
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   thrive
                   well
                   enough
                   without
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   any
                   Walls
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   know
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   choose
                   any
                   thing
                   better
                   wherewithal
                   to
                   sill
                   up
                   their
                   Southern
                   and
                   Eastern
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   such
                   Gentlemen
                   as
                   are
                   accommodated
                   with
                   both
                   an
                   Eastern
                   and
                   
                     Southern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   may
                   divide
                   into
                   two
                   parts
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   placed
                   under
                   the
                   single
                   head
                   of
                   a
                   Good
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   proportion
                   them
                   equally
                   or
                   unequally
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   their
                   several
                   Walls
                   ,
                   only
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   reserve
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Southern
                     Aspect
                  
                   ,
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   chiefly
                   valuable
                   for
                   their
                   precocity
                   ,
                   and
                   early
                   advance
                   in
                   Maturity
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     An
                     Abridgment
                     of
                     the
                     Fruits
                     assigned
                     to
                     each
                     Exposition
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   TO
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   six
                   hundred
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Walling
                   ,
                   divided
                   into
                   a
                   Southern
                   and
                   
                     Eastern
                     Exposition
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   assigned
                   205
                   
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     16
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     36
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     49
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     18
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                  
                   154
                   foot
                   or
                   plants
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   45
                   Sloped
                   Banks
                   ,
                   2
                   Azeroll
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   22
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   whereof
                   four
                   of
                   the
                   Long
                   sort
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   205
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   13
                   
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     9
                     Hasting
                     Violets
                     ,
                     28
                     Minions
                     ,
                     13
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     9
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     24
                     White
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     6
                     Red
                     Maudlins
                     ,
                     5
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     9
                     Common
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   5
                   
                     Hasting
                     Apricocks
                     ,
                     5
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     17
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     5
                     Purples
                     ,
                     10
                     Yellow
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     14
                     Latter
                     Yellow
                     Violets
                     ,
                     4
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     9
                     Forward
                  
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     4
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Pau
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Latter
                     Royal
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Andilli's
                     ,
                     5
                     Rossanes
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge's
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   36
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   10
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     5
                     White
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Catharines
                     ,
                     4
                     Apricock
                     Plums
                     ,
                     4
                     Empresses
                     ,
                     1
                     Mirabel
                     ,
                     1
                     Royal
                     Plum
                     ,
                     1
                     Minion
                     Plum
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   4
                   
                     Roche
                     Courbons
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   16
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   are
                   4
                   
                     Pompone
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     4
                     White
                     Hasting
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     3
                     Rossane
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Latter
                     Pavies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   3
                   
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     Pavies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   49
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   8
                   
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     5
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     15
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     9
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     2
                     Robines
                     ,
                     2
                     Musked
                     Summer
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     2
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     2
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     1
                     Ambret
                     ,
                     1
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     ,
                     1
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     ,
                     1
                     Leschasserie
                     ,
                     2
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   18
                   
                     Early
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   154
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   are
                   78
                   foot
                   of
                   
                     White
                     Muscats
                  
                   ,
                   12
                   of
                   Red
                   ,
                   19
                   of
                   Chassela's
                   ,
                   10
                   of
                   Cioutat
                   ,
                   17
                   of
                   Corinths
                   ,
                   and
                   8
                   of
                   
                     Early
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     2
                     Azeroll
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                     ,
                     45
                     Fathoms
                  
                   of
                   Bank
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   and
                   Artichoacks
                   ,
                   all
                   Hastings
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   the
                   300
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   the
                   
                     West
                     ,
                     10
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   7
                   common
                   
                     Abricocks
                     ,
                     123
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     8
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   74
                   Pear-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   123
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   21
                   
                     Admirables
                     ,
                     12
                     Chevreuses
                     ,
                     7
                     Pourprees
                     ,
                     13
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     12
                     Troy
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     6
                     Avant
                  
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     11
                     Hasting
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     9
                     Italian
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     7
                     Persicks
                     ,
                     10
                     Latter
                     Peach
                     Royals
                     ,
                     4
                     Nivettes
                     ,
                     5
                     Violet
                     Brugnons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nectarins
                     ,
                     1
                     Rossane
                     ,
                     1
                     Red
                     Alberge
                     ,
                     2
                     Yellow
                     Alberges
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Double
                     Flower'd
                     Peaches
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   8
                   Plum-Trees
                   are
                   2
                   
                     Violet
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     2
                     White
                     Violet
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     2
                     Mirables
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Plum
                     Royal.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   74
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   17
                   
                     Winter
                     Boncretiens
                     ,
                     15
                     Autumnal
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     5
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     5
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     4
                     Winter
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     5
                     Mareuil
                     Thorns
                     ,
                     4
                     Russelets
                     ,
                     2
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     
                     2
                     Little
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     5
                     Robines
                     ,
                     2
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     1
                     Lansac
                  
                   and
                   1
                   
                     Magdalen
                     Pear
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   300
                   
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     178
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     10
                     Prunes
                     ,
                  
                   66
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   
                     Currans
                     ,
                     6
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     70
                     Rasp-berry
                     Plants
                     ,
                  
                   77
                   of
                   Bourdelai's
                   ,
                   20
                   of
                   
                     Chassela's
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   7
                   Apricock-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   178
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   17
                   
                     Butter
                     Pears
                     ,
                     8
                     Verte
                     Longues
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     4
                     Orange-Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                     19
                     Virgoulees
                     ,
                     11
                     Bergamots
                     ,
                     4
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     4
                     Leschasseries
                     ,
                     11
                     Dry
                     Martins
                     ,
                     6
                     Bugi's
                     ,
                     2
                     Winter
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Mareuil
                     Thorn
                     Pears
                     ,
                     10
                     Frank
                     Royals
                     ,
                     3
                     Sugar
                     Green
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   6
                   St.
                   
                     Lezins
                     ,
                     4
                     Lansacs
                     ,
                     2
                     Blanquets
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     White
                     Pears
                     ,
                     2
                     Epargnes
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Reserve
                     Pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Robines
                     ,
                     2
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     2
                     Doyennes
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dean
                     Pears
                     ,
                     3
                     Vine
                     Pears
                     ,
                     9
                     Double
                     Flowers
                     ,
                     8
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     7
                     Besideries
                     ,
                     2
                     Cuisse
                     Madames
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Lady
                     Thighs
                     ,
                     3
                     Messire
                     Johns
                     ,
                     2
                     Maudlin
                     Pears
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   2
                   
                     Melting
                     Pears
                  
                   of
                   Brest
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   10
                   Plum-Trees
                   are
                   4
                   
                     Imperials
                     ,
                     2
                     Cernay
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     2
                     Castellans
                     ,
                     2
                     Ilverts
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   1
                   Mirabel
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   6
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   all
                   of
                   Admirables
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   66
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   34
                   of
                   
                     Red
                     Dutch
                     ,
                     8
                     White
                     Dutch
                     ,
                  
                   18
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Common
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   six
                   of
                   the
                   Prickly
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   70
                   of
                   
                     Rasp-berry
                     Bushes
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   twenty
                   of
                   the
                   
                     White
                     ones
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   explained
                   above
                   ,
                   of
                   what
                   consists
                   the
                   66
                   foot
                   of
                   Goose-berries
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   placed
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   211
                   foot
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   placed
                   partly
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   how
                   the
                   forty
                   five
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   of
                   Bank
                   are
                   filled
                   up
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   all
                   placed
                   to
                   the
                   
                     South
                     Wall.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   there
                   you
                   have
                   
                     Fruit
                     Walls
                  
                   garnished
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   1200
                   Toises
                   or
                   Fathoms
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Early
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Azerolls
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haws
                     ,
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Goose
                     berries
                  
                   and
                   
                     Currans
                     ,
                     Rasp-berries
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   you
                   have
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   Apple-Trees
                   both
                   Dwarfs
                   and
                   Standards
                   ,
                   planted
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   1200
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   many
                   as
                   you
                   can
                   desire
                   for
                   Standard-Trees
                   :
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   see
                   how
                   we
                   can
                   contrive
                   a
                   Plum
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   
                     Cherry
                     Garden
                  
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   extent
                   and
                   Quality
                   of
                   our
                   Ground
                   will
                   permit
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Plums
                   are
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   that
                   is
                   pleasing
                   enough
                   to
                   every
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   Plum-Trees
                   prosper
                   well
                   enough
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   let
                   it
                   be
                   dry
                   and
                   sandy
                   ,
                   or
                   moist
                   and
                   hearty
                   .
                   
                   They
                   every
                   where
                   produce
                   very
                   sightly
                   Trees
                   ,
                   both
                   Dwarfs
                   and
                   Standards
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   flourish
                   very
                   much
                   every
                   where
                   ;
                   But
                   they
                   are
                   likewise
                   very
                   subject
                   every
                   where
                   unfortunately
                   to
                   miscarry
                   in
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   because
                   there
                   often
                   happen
                   Frosts
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   that
                   destroy
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   cause
                   that
                   Plums
                   are
                   very
                   often
                   scarce
                   .
                   But
                   however
                   when
                   they
                   meet
                   with
                   a
                   favourable
                   March
                   and
                   April
                   ,
                   they
                   produce
                   an
                   unconceivable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   some
                   certain
                   kinds
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   whose
                   Blossoms
                   are
                   much
                   more
                   tender
                   and
                   susceptible
                   of
                   the
                   injuries
                   of
                   an
                   unkind
                   season
                   ,
                   than
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   the
                   Violet
                   one
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   none
                   of
                   them
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   air
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   Countries
                   that
                   are
                   inclining
                   to
                   cold
                   ,
                   or
                   on
                   those
                   sides
                   that
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   subject
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   insults
                   of
                   the
                   Frosts
                   ;
                   My self
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   improving
                   them
                   to
                   a
                   greater
                   perfection
                   of
                   goodness
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   by
                   Walls
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   told
                   you
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   that
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   better
                   able
                   to
                   defend
                   themselves
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Cernay
                     Perdrigons
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   make
                   little
                   account
                   ;
                   and
                   next
                   them
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Damask
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   among
                   which
                   I
                   most
                   particularly
                   value
                   ,
                   the
                   Red
                   or
                   
                     Round
                     Violet
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Great
                     White
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Latter
                     Black
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Queen
                     Claudia
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Imperial
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Catharine
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Apricock
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Mirabel
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Violet
                     Diaper
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Diapred
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Royal
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Minion
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Brugnolle
                   ,
                   the
                   Empress
                   ,
                   the
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Morin
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Cerisset
                   or
                   
                     Little
                     Cherry
                     Plum
                  
                   :
                   All
                   which
                   sixteen
                   sorts
                   are
                   very
                   good
                   Raw
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   very
                   good
                   Dried
                   or
                   Preserved
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Ilverts
                     ,
                     Casselans
                     ,
                     Moyens
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pith
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   St.
                   
                     Julians
                     ,
                     Cloth
                  
                   of
                   
                     Gold
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Green
                     Damasks
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   only
                   for
                   preserving
                   .
                   It
                   were
                   good
                   to
                   have
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   kinds
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   can
                   ,
                   but
                   if
                   our
                   Ground
                   will
                   not
                   admit
                   of
                   the
                   planting
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   small
                   number
                   ,
                   those
                   sorts
                   which
                   I
                   should
                   preferr
                   are
                   they
                   which
                   follow
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     Garden
                     where
                     there
                     could
                     be
                     but
                     one
                     only
                     Plum-Tree
                     whether
                     Dwarf
                     or
                     Standard
                     ,
                     I
                  
                   
                   
                     would
                     take
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     a
                     Round
                     Violet
                     Damask
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     second
                     ,
                     a
                     Queen
                     Claudia
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     third
                     ,
                     an
                     Imperial
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     fourth
                     ,
                     a
                     White
                     Great
                     Damask
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     fifth
                     ,
                     a
                     Diaper
                     Roche
                     Courbon
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     sixth
                     ,
                     a
                     Mirabel
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     seventh
                     ,
                     an
                     Empress
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     an
                     eighth
                     ,
                     a
                     Black
                     Latter
                     Damask
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     ninth
                     ,
                     a
                     St.
                     Catharine
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     tenth
                     ,
                     an
                     Apricock
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     an
                     eleventh
                     ,
                     a
                     Royal
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     twelfth
                     ,
                     a
                     Minion
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     thirteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Diaper
                     Violet
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     fourteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Gray
                     Damask
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     fifteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Brugnolle
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     sixteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Hasting
                     or
                     Forward
                     Morin
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     seventeenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Ceriset
                     ,
                     or
                     Little
                     Cherry
                     Plum
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     it's
                     Earliness
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     an
                     eighteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Cloth
                     of
                     Gold
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     nineteenth
                     ,
                     a
                     Castillan
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     twentieth
                     ,
                     an
                     Ilvert
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     one
                     and
                     twentieth
                     ,
                     a
                     Cernay
                     Perdrigon
                     ,
                     because
                     of
                     its
                     abundant
                     increase
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     its
                     being
                     good
                     in
                     Compotes
                     ,
                     or
                     wet
                     sweat-meats
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     For
                     a
                     twenty
                     second
                     ,
                     a
                     Date
                     Plum.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   would
                   double
                   the
                   twelve
                   first
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   times
                   over
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   would
                   double
                   the
                   other
                   ten
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   plant
                   none
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   Kind
                   ,
                   till
                   I
                   had
                   at
                   least
                   once
                   doubled
                   
                   the
                   ten
                   last
                   ;
                   neither
                   would
                   I
                   plant
                   any
                   but
                   Standard-Trees
                   of
                   the
                   St.
                   Julian
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Black
                     Damask
                     Plums
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   Insensibly
                   we
                   might
                   form
                   a
                   
                     Plum
                     Garden
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   fourscore
                   or
                   a
                   hundred
                   Stocks
                   of
                   Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   considering
                   how
                   little
                   a
                   while
                   that
                   Fruit
                   lasts
                   when
                   it
                   comes
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   troublesome
                   it
                   is
                   when
                   it
                   takes
                   up
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Room
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   they
                   take
                   ,
                   that
                   number
                   is
                   enough
                   to
                   furnish
                   us
                   a
                   sufficient
                   abundance
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   to
                   convert
                   into
                   both
                   Prunes
                   and
                   Sweet-meats
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plums
                   is
                   very
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   may
                   stuff
                   their
                   Gardens
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   please
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   they
                   shall
                   have
                   no
                   reason
                   to
                   blame
                   me
                   for
                   counselling
                   them
                   to
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   About
                   mid
                   -
                   June
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Fruits
                  
                   begin
                   to
                   come
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   hold
                   at
                   least
                   till
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   July
                   .
                   Among
                   which
                   I
                   reckon
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Griots
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Bigarro's
                   or
                   
                     Heart
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   most
                   principal
                   ;
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   Standards
                   are
                   better
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   Fruits
                   so
                   well
                   known
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   need
                   no
                   Description
                   ,
                   I
                   prize
                   none
                   of
                   them
                   so
                   particularly
                   as
                   the
                   Large
                   
                     Latter
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   Monmorancies
                   ,
                   and
                   next
                   them
                   the
                   Bigarro's
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Heart
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   the
                   Griots
                   or
                   Agriots
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Guignes
                   or
                   Guings
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   
                     White
                     ,
                     Red
                  
                   and
                   Black
                   ,
                   are
                   indeed
                   Early
                   
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   flashy
                   and
                   insipid
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   not
                   much
                   eaten
                   by
                   persons
                   of
                   any
                   Quality
                   .
                   The
                   Cherries
                   which
                   are
                   called
                   
                     Forward
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   not
                   the
                   
                     Early
                     ones
                  
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   true
                   Hastings
                   ,
                   succeed
                   the
                   Guignes
                   or
                   Guings
                   ;
                   They
                   are
                   fair
                   enough
                   to
                   the
                   eye
                   ,
                   are
                   long
                   stalked
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   sharpish
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   bitterish
                   taste
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   value
                   them
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Compotes
                   ,
                   or
                   wet
                   Sweet-meats
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   truly
                   good
                   and
                   fair
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   commonly
                   called
                   
                     Preserving
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   of
                   
                   Monmorancy
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   grow
                   upon
                   Trees
                   that
                   shoot
                   out
                   great
                   and
                   upright
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   Largest
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   bear
                   but
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   otherwise
                   called
                   the
                   Coulardy-cherry
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   right
                   sort
                   of
                   Good
                   Common
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   produces
                   small
                   branches
                   ,
                   and
                   bending
                   
                   downwards
                   ,
                   and
                   brings
                   great
                   store
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   Sweet
                   ,
                   and
                   pleasant
                   to
                   the
                   taste
                   ;
                   One
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   bears
                   both
                   Long
                   and
                   short
                   stalk'd
                   ones
                   ;
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   chiefly
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   plant
                   most
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Bigarro
                   or
                   
                     Heart
                     Cherry
                  
                   is
                   a
                   Fruit
                   both
                   firm
                   and
                   crackling
                   ,
                   Longish
                   and
                   almost
                   Square
                   ,
                   but
                   always
                   very
                   sweet
                   and
                   very
                   agreeable
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   Tree
                   shoots
                   out
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   are
                   Luxuriant
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Leaf
                   is
                   Longish
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Griot
                   or
                   Agriot
                   is
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   
                     Blackish
                     Cherry
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   pretty
                   firm
                   consistence
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   sweet
                   and
                   excellent
                   .
                   It
                   Blossoms
                   mightily
                   ,
                   but
                   withall
                   is
                   very
                   subject
                   to
                   miscarry
                   in
                   the
                   Blossom
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   Tree
                   produces
                   a
                   thick
                   Dwarf-tree
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   top
                   composed
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   keeping
                   close
                   and
                   tight
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Leaf
                   is
                   broad
                   and
                   blackish
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   kinds
                   of
                   Merises
                   or
                   common
                   Black-cherries
                   ,
                   deserve
                   to
                   be
                   admitted
                   into
                   an
                   
                     Artificial
                     Garden
                  
                   ,
                   
                   being
                   properly
                   Forest-trees
                   or
                   Wildings
                   ,
                   yet
                   may
                   they
                   serve
                   us
                   at
                   least
                   for
                   Stocks
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   Grafts
                   of
                   the
                   choice
                   sorts
                   of
                   Cherries
                   above
                   named
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   Poitou
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Angoumois
                     Country
                  
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   those
                   Guignes
                   or
                   Guings
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   Cherries
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Merises
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   
                   Guindo's
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Griots
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   I
                   were
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   dozen
                   of
                   these
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   six
                   of
                   them
                   should
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   Latter
                   large
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   two
                   Bigarro's
                   ,
                   two
                   Griots
                   ,
                   and
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   two
                   dozen
                   ,
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   twelve
                   of
                   the
                   latter
                   sort
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   kinds
                   ;
                   if
                   three
                   dozen
                   ,
                   then
                   18
                   of
                   the
                   latter
                   ,
                   7
                   
                     Bigarro's
                     ,
                     7
                     Griots
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   four
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Forward
                     sort
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   on
                   in
                   greater
                   Numbers
                   .
                   Perhaps
                   I
                   might
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   mind
                   to
                   plant
                   a
                   couple
                   of
                   pale
                   red
                   Guignes
                   or
                   Guings
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   had
                   4
                   dozen
                   of
                   Cherry-Trees
                   to
                   plant
                   ,
                   and
                   people
                   seldom
                   pass
                   that
                   number
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   with
                   design
                   to
                   sell
                   the
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   prepare
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   tall
                   
                     Standard
                     Mulberry-Trees
                     ,
                     Apricock-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Almond-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   let
                   us
                   choose
                   out
                   for
                   that
                   some
                   By-place
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   not
                   spoil
                   any
                   thing
                   
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   prospect
                   of
                   our
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   let
                   us
                   place
                   them
                   among
                   other
                   Standard-Trees
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   have
                   planted
                   an
                   Orchard
                   of
                   
                     Tall
                     Trees
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   't
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   few
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   may
                   plant
                   them
                   too
                   in
                   some
                   
                     Back
                     Courts
                  
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   please
                   :
                   one
                   ,
                   two
                   ,
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   more
                   than
                   sufficient
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Persons
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   Apricock
                   and
                   Almond-Trees
                   ,
                   from
                   two
                   to
                   twelve
                   of
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   sufficient
                   number
                   to
                   furnish
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gentlemen
                   of
                   what
                   quality
                   soever
                   ,
                   with
                   
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Apricocks
                   that
                   grow
                   on
                   Tall-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   much
                   richer
                   tasted
                   than
                   others
                   ,
                   and
                   Almonds
                   are
                   a
                   necessary
                   and
                   agreeable
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   ,
                   
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   eaten
                   green
                   .
                   I
                   counsel
                   you
                   particularly
                   to
                   choose
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   tender
                   shell'd
                   ,
                   and
                   since
                   they
                   are
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   in
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   years
                   time
                   ,
                   grow
                   very
                   tall
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   only
                   take
                   care
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   February
                   ,
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   Almonds
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   Trees
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   thin
                   their
                   top
                   Branches
                   the
                   first
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   will
                   soon
                   yield
                   us
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   we
                   expected
                   from
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   hardly
                   ever
                   thrive
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   planted
                   from
                   Trees
                   ready
                   grown
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   other
                   Fruits
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   likewise
                   provide
                   some
                   
                     Medlar
                     Trees
                  
                   for
                   them
                   that
                   love
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   on
                   condition
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   placed
                   in
                   Parade
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   open
                   view
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   not
                   a
                   Fruit
                   precious
                   enough
                   
                   to
                   deserve
                   so
                   noble
                   a
                   station
                   ,
                   nor
                   yet
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   need
                   plant
                   any
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   People
                   that
                   love
                   them
                   being
                   not
                   so
                   very
                   considerable
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   must
                   not
                   forget
                   too
                   some
                   dozens
                   of
                   Quince-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   a
                   Provision
                   of
                   Quinces
                   to
                   preserve
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   see
                   they
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   some
                   place
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   often
                   visit
                   ;
                   
                   smell
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   being
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   delightful
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   since
                   we
                   ought
                   hardly
                   to
                   plant
                   less
                   than
                   a
                   dozen
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   ought
                   either
                   to
                   have
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   .
                   And
                   a
                   dozen
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   at
                   most
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   very
                   sufficient
                   number
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   likewise
                   remember
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   few
                   Azeroll
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw
                     Dwarf-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   such
                   as
                   shall
                   not
                   think
                   two
                   
                     Wall
                     ones
                  
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   enough
                   ;
                   they
                   take
                   well
                   enough
                   in
                   
                   that
                   manner
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   bringing
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Wall-trees
                   bring
                   the
                   biggest
                   Fruit
                   of
                   any
                   others
                   of
                   this
                   sort
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   done
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   done
                   all
                   we
                   possibly
                   could
                   ,
                   to
                   enable
                   us
                   to
                   stock
                   well
                   with
                   choice
                   Fruit-Trees
                   the
                   room
                   which
                   could
                   be
                   afforded
                   them
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   choice
                   of
                   each
                   Tree
                   in
                   particular
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP
                   XVI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     What
                     good
                     Conditions
                     are
                     required
                     in
                     each
                     Fruit-Tree
                     ,
                     to
                     qualifie
                     it
                     to
                     be
                     chosen
                     and
                     preferr'd
                     to
                     some
                     good
                     place
                     in
                     a
                     
                       Fruit
                       garden
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   OUR
                   Garden
                   being
                   formed
                   ,
                   dunged
                   ,
                   accommodated
                   ,
                   divided
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   sine
                   ,
                   quite
                   ready
                   for
                   planting
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   Gentleman
                   knowing
                   what
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   he
                   needs
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   also
                   resolved
                   upon
                   the
                   choice
                   of
                   the
                   kinds
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   proportion
                   of
                   each
                   kind
                   he
                   is
                   to
                   plant
                   ,
                   with
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   quality
                   of
                   his
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   several
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   now
                   our
                   business
                   to
                   chose
                   such
                   stocks
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   fair
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   qualified
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   deserve
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   hopeful
                   promises
                   they
                   make
                   us
                   of
                   contenting
                   our
                   Expectations
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   suppose
                   here
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   Gard'ners
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   reputation
                   to
                   be
                   knowing
                   exact
                   and
                   faithful
                   ;
                   for
                   otherwise
                   we
                   run
                   great
                   danger
                   of
                   being
                   grosly
                   deceived
                   
                   in
                   the
                   kinds
                   of
                   our
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   of
                   Peach-trees
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   all
                   resemble
                   one
                   another
                   
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   Leaf
                   and
                   Bark
                   ,
                   excepting
                   the
                   
                     Troy-peaches
                     ,
                     Forward
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Avant
                     peaches
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Maudlins
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   distinguished
                   by
                   some
                   more
                   visible
                   differences
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   I
                   would
                   advise
                   no
                   Body
                   to
                   take
                   any
                   Trees
                   of
                   suspicious
                   or
                   unknown
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   ill
                   repute
                   ,
                   how
                   cheap
                   a
                   bargain
                   soever
                   they
                   may
                   offer
                   them
                   ,
                   such
                   an
                   errour
                   as
                   that
                   ,
                   being
                   of
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   consequence
                   to
                   be
                   ventured
                   on
                   at
                   what
                   rate
                   soever
                   .
                
                 
                   Tree
                   stocks
                   then
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   chosen
                   ,
                   either
                   whilst
                   they
                   are
                   yet
                   growing
                   in
                   the
                   Nursery-Gardens
                   ,
                   
                   or
                   after
                   they
                   are
                   pulled
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   from
                   thence
                   .
                   In
                   both
                   Cases
                   we
                   must
                   consider
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   figure
                   of
                   each
                   Tree
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   its
                   bigness
                   ,
                   or
                   thickness
                   .
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   manner
                   they
                   are
                   fashioned
                   ,
                   and
                   composed
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   the
                   Trees
                   be
                   already
                   pulled
                   up
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   special
                   notice
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Bark
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   and
                   Branches
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     chose
                     Trees
                     as
                     they
                     stand
                     in
                     the
                     Nursery-Gardens
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   we
                   choose
                   our
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Nursery-Gardens
                   ,
                   which
                   't
                   were
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   wished
                   ,
                   we
                   could
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   about
                   Mid-September
                   ,
                   to
                   mark
                   out
                   the
                   Trees
                   we
                   choose
                   and
                   pretend
                   to
                   carry
                   off
                   ,
                   though
                   that
                   be
                   not
                   always
                   feasible
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   too
                   great
                   distance
                   sometimes
                   of
                   the
                   places
                   where
                   the
                   choice
                   Nurseries
                   are
                   ,
                   yet
                   if
                   we
                   can
                   go
                   to
                   the
                   places
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   only
                   fix
                   upon
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   shot
                   vigorously
                   that
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   appear
                   
                   sound
                   both
                   in
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   their
                   young
                   shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   their
                   smooth
                   and
                   shining
                   Bark
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   if
                   any
                   Trees
                   have
                   no
                   shoots
                   of
                   that
                   years
                   growth
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   are
                   very
                   feeble
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   have
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   before
                   the
                   Season
                   for
                   the
                   fall
                   of
                   the
                   Leaf
                   ,
                   have
                   all
                   their
                   Leaves
                   lesser
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   starveling
                   than
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   extreamity
                   or
                   their
                   young
                   shoots
                   ,
                   Black
                   and
                   mortified
                   ,
                   or
                   their
                   Bark
                   rough
                   and
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   and
                   full
                   of
                   Moss
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     Apple-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Plum-Trees
                   ,
                   they
                   be
                   Canker'd
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   stone
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   found
                   to
                   have
                   Gum
                   ,
                   either
                   about
                   their
                   Body
                   or
                   Roots
                   ,
                   all
                   these
                   are
                   so
                   many
                   Marks
                   of
                   Trees
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   reject
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   subjoyn
                   some
                   other
                   particular
                   Marks
                   yet
                   of
                   very
                   great
                   importance
                   .
                
                 
                   Peach-Trees
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Grafted
                   above
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   or
                   above
                   two
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   stript
                   
                   below
                   ,
                   are
                   worth
                   nothing
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   hardly
                   vigorous
                   enough
                   to
                   sprout
                   above
                   the
                   old
                   Branches
                   ;
                   the
                   same
                   judgment
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   above
                   three
                   Inches
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   between
                   one
                   and
                   two
                   Inches
                   thick
                   below
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Grafted
                   upon
                   old
                   
                     Almond
                     Stocks
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   about
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Inches
                   thick
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     Azeroll
                  
                   or
                   
                     Garden
                     Haw-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   passably
                   good
                   at
                   two
                   
                   Inches
                   and
                   an
                   half
                   ,
                   and
                   admirable
                   at
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ;
                   It
                   is
                   no
                   matter
                   whether
                   the
                   Graft
                   be
                   of
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   grow'th
                   ,
                   or
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   covered
                   up
                   again
                   or
                   no
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   better
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   them
                   either
                   smaller
                   or
                   older
                   than
                   I
                   have
                   Expressed
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   attain
                   to
                   a
                   due
                   bigness
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   second
                   year
                   ,
                   prove
                   ordinarily
                   admirable
                   ones
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   shows
                   they
                   are
                   Grafted
                   upon
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   Stock
                   .
                
                 
                   Apple-Trees
                   Grafted
                   on
                   
                     Paradise
                     Stocks
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Early
                   or
                   
                     Hasting
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   good
                   from
                   
                   an
                   Inch
                   and
                   an
                   half
                   to
                   two
                   Inches
                   thickness
                   .
                
                 
                   Standard-Trees
                   must
                   be
                   straight
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   full
                   six
                   good
                   foot
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   thick
                   below
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   above
                   ,
                   having
                   always
                   their
                   Bark
                   as
                   little
                   rugged
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   rather
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   smooth
                   and
                   shining
                   as
                   a
                   mark
                   or
                   their
                   Youth
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Soil
                   from
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   taken
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   how
                   Trees
                   should
                   be
                   fashioned
                   ,
                   I
                   Judge
                   that
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Dwarf
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   better
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   straight
                   ,
                   and
                   consisting
                   only
                   of
                   one
                   entire
                   Stick
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   one
                   only
                   Graft
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   be
                   composed
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Grafts
                   ,
                   or
                   several
                   branches
                   ,
                   the
                   new
                   sprouts
                   that
                   will
                   shoot
                   out
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   single
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   when
                   top't
                   ,
                   and
                   new
                   Planted
                   ,
                   being
                   more
                   fit
                   and
                   pliable
                   to
                   be
                   turned
                   as
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   fair
                   Tree
                   ,
                   than
                   if
                   they
                   consisted
                   of
                   two
                   Sticks
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   old
                   branches
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   cannot
                   be
                   assured
                   from
                   what
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   old
                   branches
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   planted
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   new
                   Sprouts
                   will
                   shoot
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   commonly
                   they
                   grow
                   ill
                   favouredly
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   confusedly
                   interlaced
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   forced
                   to
                   cut
                   them
                   quite
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   make
                   so
                   many
                   wounds
                   in
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   time
                   lost
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   advancement
                   
                   of
                   the
                   beauty
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   its
                   producing
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   both
                   which
                   are
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   retarded
                   .
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   my
                   Tree
                   then
                   without
                   any
                   branches
                   at
                   all
                   below
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   it
                   have
                   good
                   Eyes
                   or
                   buds
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   by
                   consequence
                   ,
                   promise
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   Peach-Trees
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   never
                   take
                   those
                   whose
                   Eyes
                   are
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   put
                   out
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   their
                   issues
                   stopt
                   up
                   ,
                   because
                   't
                   is
                   very
                   rarely
                   that
                   any
                   new
                   branches
                   spring
                   out
                   from
                   such
                   ;
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   so
                   true
                   that
                   I
                   desire
                   but
                   one
                   single
                   stick
                   ,
                   that
                   commonly
                   when
                   I
                   find
                   two
                   grafts
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   weakest
                   ,
                   and
                   preserve
                   only
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   more
                   vigorous
                   and
                   better
                   placed
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   Standard-Trees
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   full
                   and
                   open
                   air
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   content
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   some
                   branches
                   about
                   their
                   tops
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   shortned
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   new
                   planted
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   require
                   not
                   so
                   regular
                   an
                   exactness
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   these
                   tall
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   do
                   for
                   that
                   of
                   lesser
                   ones
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   sufficient
                   if
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   former
                   sort
                   be
                   adorned
                   with
                   tops
                   ,
                   that
                   Spread
                   into
                   but
                   any
                   thing
                   nigh
                   a
                   round
                   figure
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   reasonably
                   enough
                   ,
                   handsome
                   in
                   their
                   kind
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     choose
                     Trees
                     when
                     already
                     drawn
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Nursery
                     Gardens
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   the
                   Trees
                   be
                   already
                   pull'd
                   up
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   have
                   regard
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   particulars
                   above
                   expressed
                   ,
                   without
                   neglecting
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   must
                   besides
                   have
                   a
                   care
                   
                   they
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   too
                   long
                   taken
                   up
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   their
                   bark
                   is
                   grown
                   shriveled
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   wood
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   quite
                   dead
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   their
                   bark
                   be
                   not
                   too
                   much
                   peeled
                   off
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   grafting
                   place
                   strangled
                   with
                   too
                   hard
                   binding
                   with
                   Pack-thred
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   grafted
                   too
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   roots
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   necessarily
                   be
                   forced
                   to
                   bury
                   the
                   Grafts
                   under
                   Ground
                   in
                   planting
                   them
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   grafted
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   cannot
                   begin
                   a
                   well
                   proportioned
                   Wall
                   ,
                   or
                   DwarsTree
                   ,
                   both
                   which
                   ought
                   to
                   begin
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   inches
                   from
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   all
                   ,
                   for
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   special
                   heed
                   too
                   to
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   because
                   though
                   they
                   had
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   necessary
                   good
                   qualifications
                   in
                   perfection
                   ,
                   yet
                   if
                   their
                   roots
                   be
                   much
                   defective
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   e'en
                   reckon
                   such
                   Trees
                   good
                   for
                   nothing
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   pronunce
                   a
                   Tree
                   then
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   qualified
                   as
                   to
                   its
                   roots
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   proportionable
                   thickness
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   
                   must
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   one
                   root
                   very
                   near
                   as
                   big
                   as
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   all
                   small
                   and
                   Fibrous
                   ,
                   and
                   like
                   a
                   head
                   of
                   Hair
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   an
                   infallible
                   sign
                   of
                   the
                   weakness
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   its
                   approaching
                   death
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   of
                   its
                   never
                   being
                   likely
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   good
                   effect
                   ;
                   neither
                   is
                   the
                   over
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   such
                   Fibres
                   any
                   very
                   good
                   
                   sign
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   we
                   must
                   see
                   that
                   the
                   principal
                   roots
                   be
                   neither
                   rotten
                   nor
                   split
                   ,
                   nor
                   very
                   much
                   peeled
                   or
                   unbarked
                   ,
                   nor
                   grown
                   very
                   red
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   or
                   hard
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   rotten
                   ,
                   they
                   show
                   a
                   great
                   infirmity
                   in
                   the
                   principle
                   of
                   life
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   roots
                   never
                   rotting
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   in
                   good
                   health
                   ;
                   If
                   they
                   be
                   split
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   Spring
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   wound
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   termed
                   incurable
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Gangreen
                   and
                   Rottenness
                   will
                   sieze
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   left
                   like
                   a
                   Work-man
                   without
                   either
                   hands
                   or
                   tools
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   therefore
                   ,
                   they
                   who
                   pull
                   up
                   Trees
                   should
                   be
                   very
                   careful
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   dextrously
                   and
                   gently
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   effect
                   to
                   make
                   good
                   holes
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   obliged
                   to
                   strain
                   
                   any
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   too
                   violently
                   when
                   they
                   draw
                   them
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   fail
                   to
                   split
                   or
                   break
                   some
                   good
                   Root
                   or
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   likewise
                   they
                   be
                   too
                   much
                   grated
                   or
                   unbark't
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   most
                   particularly
                   preserved
                   ,
                   those
                   are
                   also
                   dangerous
                   wounds
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   
                     Stone
                     Fruit-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   gum
                   seldom
                   failing
                   to
                   breed
                   in
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   roots
                   be
                   dried
                   up
                   either
                   by
                   frost
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   having
                   been
                   too
                   long
                   drawn
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   exposed
                   to
                   the
                   air
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   Reject
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   it
                   will
                   never
                   take
                   to
                   grow
                   again
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   most
                   particularly
                   value
                   the
                   young
                   roots
                   that
                   are
                   Newliest
                   shot
                   out
                   ,
                   they
                   sprouting
                   commonly
                   out
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   main
                   body
                   nearest
                   the
                   surface
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   care
                   little
                   for
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   commonly
                   knotty
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     Wildings
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   they
                   are
                   blackish
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   young
                   ones
                   are
                   reddish
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   smooth
                   and
                   even
                   ;
                   In
                   Almond-Trees
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   Whitish
                   ,
                   in
                   Mulberry-Trees
                   ,
                   yellowish
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Cherry-Trees
                   Reddish
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     prepare
                     a
                     Tree
                     for
                     Planting
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THis
                   preparation
                   is
                   of
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   consequence
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Trees
                   take
                   new
                   footing
                   ,
                   and
                   grow
                   again
                   ,
                   that
                   very
                   often
                   they
                   take
                   ,
                   and
                   produce
                   a
                   good
                   effect
                   only
                   because
                   they
                   were
                   well
                   prepared
                   before
                   they
                   were
                   replanted
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   less
                   often
                   fail
                   taking
                   ,
                   or
                   producing
                   a
                   good
                   head
                   or
                   top
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   were
                   ill
                   prepared
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   two
                   things
                   to
                   be
                   prepared
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   less
                   principal
                   one
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   head
                   or
                   top
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   highly
                   principal
                   ,
                   and
                   important
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   foot
                   or
                   roots
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   head
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   but
                   little
                   mystery
                   in
                   ordering
                   that
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   Standard
                   or
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   needful
                   only
                   for
                   that
                   effect
                   ,
                   to
                   remember
                   these
                   two
                   points
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   ,
                   we
                   do
                   a
                   great
                   prejudice
                   to
                   a
                   Tree
                   when
                   we
                   pluck
                   it
                   up
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   always
                   weaken
                   it
                   thereby
                   ,
                   and
                   abate
                   its
                   vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   activity
                   at
                   least
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   therefore
                   take
                   off
                   so
                   much
                   of
                   its
                   charge
                   and
                   burthen
                   about
                   its
                   head
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   proportionable
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   take
                   from
                   it
                   of
                   that
                   strength
                   and
                   activity
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   certainly
                   do
                   by
                   removing
                   to
                   a
                   new
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   retrenching
                   it
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   its
                   Roots
                   :
                   That
                   is
                   a
                   maxim
                   that
                   needs
                   no
                   proof
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   point
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   mindful
                   of
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   leave
                   its
                   body
                   no
                   higher
                   than
                   is
                   convenient
                   for
                   the
                   use
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   designed
                   for
                   :
                   Some
                   being
                   to
                   produce
                   their
                   effect
                   very
                   low
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Dwarfs
                   and
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   therefore
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   pretty
                   short
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   to
                   produce
                   theirs
                   very
                   high
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Standard-Trees
                   which
                   therefore
                   must
                   be
                   left
                   of
                   a
                   considerable
                   height
                   :
                   But
                   I
                   seldom
                   cut
                   either
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   length
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   ,
                   till
                   I
                   have
                   first
                   finish'd
                   the
                   whole
                   operation
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   performed
                   about
                   their
                   roots
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   Method
                   I
                   observe
                   in
                   doing
                   it
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   I
                   order
                   all
                   the
                   Fibres
                   to
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   springs
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   I
                   plant
                   again
                   assoon
                   as
                   ever
                   't
                   is
                   pluck'd
                   up
                   ,
                   without
                   leaving
                   it
                   a
                   moment
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   if
                   it
                   continue
                   never
                   so
                   little
                   while
                   in
                   the
                   air
                   ,
                   all
                   that
                   would
                   be
                   good
                   to
                   preserve
                   of
                   its
                   root
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   tuft
                   of
                   White
                   small
                   hair
                   like
                   roots
                   or
                   Fibres
                   ,
                   turns
                   ,
                   presently
                   black
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   spoils
                   ,
                   being
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   seems
                   no
                   more
                   able
                   to
                   endure
                   the
                   air
                   ,
                   than
                   some
                   sorts
                   of
                   fish
                   that
                   die
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   ever
                   they
                   are
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   .
                   But
                   we
                   can
                   never
                   have
                   opportunity
                   to
                   save
                   this
                   White
                   Fibrous
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   we
                   pull
                   up
                   a
                   Tree
                   in
                   one
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Garden
                   ,
                   to
                   plant
                   it
                   immediately
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Garden
                   ,
                   for
                   then
                   indeed
                   we
                   may
                   save
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   Fibres
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   broken
                   ,
                   and
                   whose
                   extremities
                   or
                   points
                   appear
                   still
                   acting
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   comes
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   place
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   if
                   all
                   those
                   conditions
                   be
                   not
                   found
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   make
                   any
                   account
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   preservation
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   too
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   take
                   along
                   with
                   it
                   some
                   of
                   its
                   former
                   mold
                   ,
                   that
                   hangs
                   next
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   like
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Turf
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   in
                   planting
                   it
                   to
                   place
                   and
                   spread
                   out
                   well
                   that
                   hairy
                   or
                   Fibrous
                   part
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   To
                   return
                   now
                   to
                   order
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   longer
                   pulled
                   up
                   ,
                   I
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   then
                   take
                   away
                   all
                   that
                   Fibrous
                   or
                   hairy
                   part
                   which
                   many
                   Gard'ners
                   save
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   care
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   little
                   reason
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   Trees
                   as
                   those
                   :
                   And
                   when
                   I
                   am
                   about
                   stocking
                   any
                   large
                   Plantation
                   ,
                   Iorder
                   my
                   people
                   immediately
                   to
                   fall
                   to
                   work
                   to
                   retrenching
                   from
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   cut
                   from
                   them
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   plant
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   both
                   in
                   the
                   day
                   time
                   in
                   some
                   bye
                   place
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   place
                   within-doors
                   by
                   candle
                   light
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   delaying
                   of
                   some
                   other
                   work
                   no
                   less
                   in
                   hast
                   ,
                   that
                   cannot
                   be
                   done
                   but
                   without-doors
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   which
                   comes
                   upon
                   us
                   so
                   soon
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   unconveniently
                   at
                   the
                   usual
                   season
                   of
                   making
                   our
                   plantations
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Fibres
                   being
                   thus
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   the
                   greater
                   roots
                   laid
                   open
                   to
                   my
                   full
                   view
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   the
                   better
                   able
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   bad
                   ones
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   quite
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   discern
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   to
                   save
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   to
                   regulate
                   the
                   cutting
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   exact
                   length
                   I
                   would
                   leave
                   them
                   of
                   ;
                   and
                   very
                   often
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   find
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   any
                   Trees
                   a
                   little
                   too
                   much
                   dried
                   ,
                   I
                   order
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   steeped
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   hours
                   in
                   water
                   before
                   I
                   replant
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   good
                   and
                   bad
                   roots
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   thought
                   I
                   mean
                   by
                   these
                   latter
                   ,
                   only
                   such
                   roots
                   as
                   are
                   broken
                   ,
                   or
                   unbarked
                   ,
                   or
                   rotten
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   ;
                   But
                   yet
                   I
                   mean
                   something
                   of
                   
                   greater
                   consequence
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   Tree
                   that
                   is
                   planted
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   every
                   Nursery-Tree
                   ,
                   shoots
                   out
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   either
                   all
                   good
                   roots
                   ,
                   or
                   all
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   or
                   both
                   good
                   ones
                   and
                   bad
                   ones
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   which
                   comes
                   to
                   pass
                   as
                   follows
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Tree
                   planted
                   with
                   the
                   preparations
                   recommended
                   by
                   me
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   takes
                   ,
                   must
                   shoot
                   forth
                   new
                   roots
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   it
                   dies
                   ,
                   all
                   its
                   old
                   roots
                   being
                   of
                   no
                   service
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   And
                   of
                   those
                   
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   fair
                   and
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   are
                   feeble
                   and
                   small
                   ;
                   the
                   fair
                   ones
                   will
                   spring
                   either
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   left
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   desired
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   from
                   some
                   other
                   part
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   above
                   the
                   old
                   roots
                   ,
                   which
                   composed
                   the
                   extream
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   that
                   is
                   nearest
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   whilst
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   either
                   have
                   shot
                   out
                   nothing
                   at
                   all
                   throughout
                   their
                   whole
                   extent
                   ,
                   or
                   but
                   very
                   small
                   roots
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   thicker
                   ones
                   a
                   little
                   further
                   off
                   those
                   Extremities
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   which
                   two
                   Cases
                   ,
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   growing
                   either
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   out
                   of
                   any
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   roots
                   but
                   their
                   ends
                   ,
                   make
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   both
                   old
                   and
                   new
                   insensibly
                   to
                   perish
                   ,
                   and
                   dwindle
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   perishing
                   ones
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   counted
                   bad
                   ,
                   because
                   if
                   not
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   the
                   Tree
                   grow
                   Yellow
                   and
                   Languish
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   top
                   ,
                   or
                   head
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   no
                   hard
                   matter
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   from
                   the
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   supposing
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   nature
                   ,
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   planted
                   ,
                   should
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   truth
                   it
                   ought
                   ,
                   be
                   always
                   bigger
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   maintain
                   it self
                   always
                   in
                   that
                   condition
                   ,
                   yet
                   if
                   we
                   perceive
                   that
                   part
                   instead
                   of
                   enlarging
                   it self
                   proportionably
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   body
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   order
                   of
                   nature
                   ,
                   to
                   remain
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   smaller
                   than
                   some
                   part
                   a
                   little
                   higher
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   in
                   effect
                   we
                   find
                   some
                   fair
                   roots
                   to
                   spring
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   unthrifty
                   part
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   looked
                   upon
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   accursed
                   ,
                   and
                   abandoned
                   by
                   
                     Mother
                     Nature
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   seems
                   to
                   take
                   pleasure
                   in
                   bestowing
                   its
                   favours
                   upon
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   we
                   must
                   entirely
                   cut
                   away
                   all
                   that
                   lesser
                   part
                   with
                   all
                   that
                   it
                   had
                   shot
                   forth
                   before
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   many
                   Gardiners
                   call
                   Pivot
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   mistaken
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   shall
                   afterwards
                   
                   shew
                   .
                   )
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   then
                   in
                   this
                   case
                   ,
                   is
                   entirely
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   all
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   that
                   appears
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   abandoned
                   and
                   disgraced
                   ,
                   as
                   close
                   as
                   we
                   can
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   part
                   well
                   nourished
                   and
                   which
                   is
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   in
                   favour
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   only
                   preserve
                   those
                   roots
                   that
                   spring
                   from
                   the
                   fortunate
                   part
                   ,
                   what
                   kind
                   of
                   ones
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   how
                   small
                   a
                   number
                   soever
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   for
                   indeed
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   them
                   should
                   never
                   be
                   very
                   great
                   ;
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   having
                   any
                   appearance
                   of
                   vigour
                   and
                   of
                   youth
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   lively
                   and
                   fresh
                   colour
                   ,
                   look
                   all
                   Black
                   ,
                   shriveled
                   ,
                   and
                   rugged
                   ,
                   and
                   worn
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   we
                   are
                   only
                   to
                   esteem
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   fresh
                   and
                   new
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   find
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   well
                   placed
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   these
                   young
                   ones
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   kept
                   short
                   proportionably
                   to
                   their
                   length
                   ,
                   the
                   longest
                   
                   in
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   what
                   bigness
                   soever
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   commonly
                   not
                   very
                   great
                   ,
                   never
                   being
                   to
                   exceed
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   Inches
                   ,
                   nor
                   much
                   above
                   a
                   foot
                   in
                   Standards
                   :
                   We
                   may
                   leave
                   a
                   greater
                   length
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   Mulberry
                   and
                   Almond-Trees
                   ,
                   because
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   are
                   very
                   soft
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   very
                   dry
                   and
                   hard
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   perishing
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   cut
                   too
                   short
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   we
                   have
                   fixed
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   biggest
                   roots
                   of
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   Inches
                   will
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   lesser
                   and
                   feebler
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   proportionably
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   each
                   ,
                   the
                   least
                   being
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   shortest
                   ;
                   and
                   here
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   elsewhere
                   told
                   you
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   use
                   a
                   quite
                   contrary
                   method
                   to
                   that
                   we
                   practise
                   in
                   the
                   pruning
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                   One
                   single
                   rank
                   or
                   story
                   of
                   roots
                   is
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   make
                   more
                   account
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   roots
                   well
                   placed
                   ,
                   than
                   of
                   twenty
                   midling
                   ones
                   .
                   I
                   term
                   roots
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   placed
                   ,
                   when
                   being
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Tree
                   foot
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   like
                   so
                   many
                   lines
                   drawn
                   from
                   the
                   center
                   to
                   the
                   Circumference
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   all
                   my
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   possible
                   ,
                   so
                   prepared
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   being
                   planted
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   stand
                   upright
                   of
                   themselves
                   like
                   so
                   many
                   nine-pins
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   designed
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   Standards
                   to
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ;
                   for
                   to
                   plant
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   must
                   keep
                   them
                   always
                   a
                   little
                   bending
                   forward
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   convenient
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   any
                   root
                   turned
                   towards
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   entirely
                   cut
                   away
                   all
                   those
                   we
                   find
                   turned
                   that
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   in
                   appearance
                   were
                   the
                   worst
                   ,
                   for
                   having
                   occasion
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   sure
                   I
                   always
                   retrench
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   worst
                   qualified
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   inconveniently
                   placed
                   .
                
                 
                   Methinks
                   these
                   Maximes
                   are
                   easie
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   so
                   easie
                   to
                   practise
                   ,
                   that
                   any
                   man
                   that
                   has
                   but
                   seen
                   a
                   Tree
                   prepared
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   prescription
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   represented
                   in
                   the
                   figures
                   therewith
                   inserted
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   prepare
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   of
                   those
                   sorts
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   prickly
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Quince-Trees
                     ,
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     Wildings
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Woods
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   in
                   ordering
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   prick
                   ,
                   as
                   Wildings
                   come
                   of
                   
                     Kernels
                     ,
                     Stones
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   there
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   difficulty
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   enable
                   my self
                   to
                   compass
                   the
                   ordering
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   of
                   easier
                   
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   made
                   coice
                   of
                   fifteen
                   Trees
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   great
                   number
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   taken
                   up
                   and
                   replanted
                   these
                   five
                   and
                   twenty
                   or
                   30
                   years
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   such
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   observed
                   any
                   remarkable
                   difference
                   in
                   the
                   situation
                   of
                   their
                   roots
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   I
                   found
                   ,
                   that
                   generally
                   all
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   spreading
                   of
                   their
                   roots
                   imitated
                   some
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   fifteen
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   first
                   caused
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   out
                   in
                   figures
                   ,
                   exactly
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   when
                   newly
                   pulled
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   cut
                   and
                   trimmed
                   ,
                   ordering
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   over
                   again
                   in
                   other
                   plates
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   condition
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   then
                   ,
                   to
                   show
                   how
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   order'd
                   before
                   they
                   be
                   planted
                   ,
                   any
                   Gentleman
                   may
                   after
                   that
                   model
                   ,
                   regulate
                   the
                   operations
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   upon
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   whatsoever
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   likewise
                   thought
                   it
                   very
                   convenient
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   drawn
                   too
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   state
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   were
                   shooting
                   out
                   the
                   new
                   roots
                   they
                   produce
                   after
                   replanting
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   might
                   see
                   what
                   a
                   Tree
                   well
                   prepared
                   and
                   well
                   planted
                   should
                   do
                   ,
                   to
                   thrive
                   and
                   succeed
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   wherein
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   faulty
                   if
                   it
                   prospers
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   all
                   that
                   I
                   think
                   fitting
                   to
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   endeavour
                   discreetly
                   to
                   judge
                   what
                   depth
                   the
                   lowest
                   roots
                   require
                   in
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   quantity
                   of
                   earth
                   the
                   highest
                   roots
                   must
                   have
                   laid
                   over
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   secured
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   reach
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   the
                   Injuries
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   delving
                   tools
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   then
                   I
                   determine
                   of
                   what
                   length
                   or
                   height
                   the
                   Tree
                   must
                   be
                   above
                   Ground
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   have
                   no
                   occasion
                   to
                   touch
                   it
                   any
                   more
                   after
                   't
                   is
                   planted
                   ;
                   for
                   we
                   must
                   needs
                   shake
                   and
                   loosen
                   it
                   when
                   we
                   let
                   alone
                   cutting
                   it
                   till
                   after
                   't
                   is
                   planted
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   shaking
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   dangerous
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   need
                   not
                   fear
                   the
                   Frost
                   will
                   do
                   any
                   harm
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   shortned
                   ,
                   there
                   assuredly
                   never
                   hap'ning
                   any
                   inconvenience
                   that
                   way
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   maintain
                   to
                   you
                   by
                   certain
                   experience
                   which
                   you
                   may
                   venture
                   to
                   believe
                   upon
                   my
                   word
                   .
                   The
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   above
                   Ground
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   regulated
                   as
                   follows
                   .
                   If
                   they
                   be
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   a
                   dry
                   Soil
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   allowed
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Inches
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   in
                   Summer
                   ,
                   their
                   head
                   or
                   top
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   skreen
                   their
                   foot
                   or
                   rooting
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   burning
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   In
                   moist
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   eleven
                   ,
                   or
                   twelve
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   head
                   or
                   top
                   may
                   not
                   too
                   much
                   hinder
                   the
                   heat
                   from
                   imparting
                   its
                   influence
                   to
                   the
                   foot
                   or
                   root
                   which
                   there
                   has
                   need
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   Standards
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Inches
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   ;
                   for
                   taller
                   ones
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   shaken
                   or
                   torn
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   roots
                   by
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   and
                   shorter
                   would
                   be
                   unpleasing
                   to
                   the
                   sight
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   whole
                   entire
                   Plantation
                   of
                   
                     Half
                     Standards
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   often
                   practised
                   for
                   
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     Cherry-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   We
                   must
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   care
                   in
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   them
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   good
                   Eyes
                   or
                   Buds
                   in
                   that
                   proportion
                   of
                   length
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   remain
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   
                   danger
                   of
                   producing
                   nothing
                   but
                   wild
                   Shoots
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   told
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   chuse
                   plants
                   consisting
                   but
                   of
                   one
                   straight
                   stick
                   :
                   As
                   for
                   Standard-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   much
                   against
                   their
                   having
                   some
                   Branches
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   willingly
                   leave
                   those
                   Branches
                   long
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   the
                   feeblest
                   cannot
                   so
                   well
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   may
                   yield
                   fruit
                   soonest
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   I
                   leave
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   sometimes
                   four
                   ,
                   which
                   when
                   well
                   placed
                   ,
                   may
                   serve
                   to
                   begin
                   the
                   forming
                   of
                   a
                   fair
                   round
                   top
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   shorten
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XX.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     When
                     and
                     how
                     to
                     plant
                     Trees
                     when
                     ready
                     fitted
                     and
                     prepared
                     for
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   first
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   here
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   season
                   of
                   planting
                   ,
                   which
                   as
                   all
                   the
                   world
                   knows
                   ,
                   lasts
                   from
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   quit
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   are
                   almost
                   ready
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   put
                   forth
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   choose
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   mild
                   weather
                   ,
                   without
                   troubling
                   our
                   heads
                   to
                   take
                   any
                   notice
                   of
                   the
                   Age
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   as
                   formerly
                   was
                   practised
                   ,
                   rainy
                   weather
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   incommodious
                   to
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   in
                   his
                   Work
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   hurtful
                   to
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   then
                   planted
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   mold
                   is
                   then
                   too
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   reduced
                   to
                   a
                   mortar-like
                   consistance
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   it
                   not
                   so
                   proper
                   to
                   settle
                   all
                   cleverly
                   down
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   and
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   roots
                   without
                   leaving
                   some
                   hollow
                   between
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   expedient
                   to
                   prevent
                   .
                   Now
                   ,
                   though
                   all
                   those
                   months
                   be
                   equally
                   fit
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   seem
                   ,
                   the
                   sooner
                   it
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   yet
                   as
                   I
                   willingly
                   affect
                   to
                   plant
                   presently
                   after
                   Martlemas
                   ,
                   in
                   dry
                   and
                   light
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   so
                   I
                   care
                   not
                   to
                   plant
                   neither
                   till
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   February
                   ,
                   in
                   cold
                   and
                   moist
                   ones
                   ;
                   because
                   the
                   Trees
                   in
                   these
                   last
                   can
                   do
                   nothing
                   all
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   more
                   likely
                   be
                   spoiled
                   there
                   ,
                   than
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   preserve
                   themselves
                   ,
                   whereas
                   in
                   lighter
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   begin
                   even
                   that
                   very
                   same
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   to
                   shoot
                   out
                   some
                   small
                   roots
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   advance
                   to
                   them
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   doing
                   wonders
                   in
                   the
                   following
                   Spring
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   observation
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   regulate
                   exactly
                   all
                   the
                   distances
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   between
                   one
                   Tree
                   and
                   another
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   be
                   
                     Wall-Trees
                     ,
                     Dwarfs
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Standards
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   know
                   perfectly
                   both
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   there
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   every
                   particular
                   kind
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   regulate
                   exactly
                   the
                   places
                   to
                   be
                   assigned
                   both
                   to
                   each
                   sort
                   of
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   each
                   particular
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   liking
                   best
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   season
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   placed
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Canton
                   ,
                   or
                   Parcel
                   of
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fourth
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   even
                   by
                   a
                   line
                   ,
                   holes
                   about
                   the
                   wideness
                   and
                   form
                   of
                   a
                   hat
                   ;
                   for
                   I
                   suppose
                   trenches
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   so
                   ,
                   the
                   Hole
                   ,
                   though
                   little
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   big
                   
                   enough
                   to
                   plant
                   the
                   Tree
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   but
                   time
                   ,
                   expence
                   ,
                   and
                   Labour
                   lost
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   bigger
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifth
                   is
                   to
                   order
                   every
                   Tree
                   to
                   be
                   carried
                   and
                   laid
                   near
                   its
                   hole
                   ,
                   before
                   we
                   begin
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   occasion
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   about
                   any
                   Squares
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   form
                   a
                   Quincunce
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   fairest
                   ,
                   and
                   best
                   qualified
                   placed
                   particularly
                   at
                   the
                   corners
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   Squares
                   ,
                   or
                   Ranks
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   in
                   Wall-plantations
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   most
                   convenient
                   always
                   to
                   plant
                   the
                   sinest
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   bear
                   the
                   finest
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   most
                   eminent
                   places
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   most
                   visited
                   ,
                   as
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   Gates
                   ,
                   and
                   along
                   those
                   
                     Fruit
                     Walls
                  
                   near
                   the
                   fairest
                   Walks
                   .
                
                 
                   Yet
                   though
                   I
                   here
                   make
                   choice
                   of
                   the
                   fairest
                   ,
                   it
                   do's
                   not
                   follow
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   never
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   fair
                   ,
                   and
                   accompanied
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   hopeful
                   appearances
                   of
                   thriving
                   ;
                   Though
                   it
                   be
                   true
                   enough
                   that
                   after
                   we
                   have
                   taken
                   all
                   the
                   care
                   we
                   can
                   to
                   choose
                   none
                   but
                   sine
                   ones
                   ,
                   yet
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   will
                   be
                   always
                   siner
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Trees
                   then
                   being
                   all
                   carried
                   and
                   laid
                   every
                   one
                   near
                   its
                   assigned
                   place
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   be
                   to
                   plant
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   I
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   corners
                   of
                   each
                   Square
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   serve
                   to
                   
                   guide
                   us
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   others
                   direct
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Lines
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   the
                   Soil
                   has
                   been
                   newly
                   dug
                   up
                   and
                   moved
                   ,
                   and
                   mixed
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   quantity
                   of
                   long
                   dung
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   seems
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   firm
                   and
                   close
                   as
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   sink
                   my
                   Trees
                   but
                   about
                   half
                   
                   a
                   foot
                   ,
                   meaning
                   that
                   the
                   extreamity
                   of
                   the
                   lowest
                   root
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   but
                   half
                   a
                   foot
                   deep
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   because
                   as
                   I
                   reckon
                   ,
                   the
                   Ground
                   will
                   sink
                   at
                   least
                   half
                   a
                   foot
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   better
                   to
                   plant
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   than
                   two
                   low
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   some
                   months
                   ,
                   my
                   Trees
                   will
                   be
                   found
                   sunk
                   about
                   a
                   foot
                   into
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   justest
                   measure
                   we
                   can
                   assign
                   them
                   in
                   that
                   respect
                   ,
                   Trees
                   planted
                   deeper
                   ,
                   almost
                   always
                   dying
                   in
                   a
                   few
                   years
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   have
                   planted
                   the
                   corner
                   Trees
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   place
                   a
                   man
                   at
                   that
                   rank
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   plant
                   ,
                   to
                   adjust
                   the
                   Trees
                   with
                   a
                   line
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   a
                   right
                   line
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   take
                   another
                   man
                   with
                   a
                   spade
                   to
                   cover
                   up
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   as
                   fast
                   as
                   I
                   present
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   places
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   informed
                   by
                   my
                   line
                   manager
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   right
                   in
                   the
                   line
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   in
                   one
                   morning
                   I
                   will
                   plant
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   hundred
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   with
                   ease
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   is
                   yet
                   more
                   easie
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   because
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   using
                   a
                   line
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   forming
                   a
                   Quincunce
                   ,
                   we
                   cannot
                   go
                   so
                   fast
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   every
                   Tree
                   must
                   answer
                   exactly
                   to
                   two
                   ranks
                   ,
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   two
                   Aliners
                   ,
                   viz.
                   one
                   for
                   each
                   rank
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   is
                   always
                   some
                   time
                   lost
                   before
                   the
                   Tree
                   can
                   be
                   placed
                   so
                   exactly
                   as
                   equally
                   to
                   answer
                   two
                   several
                   ranks
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   be
                   careful
                   to
                   plant
                   our
                   Trees
                   a
                   little
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   straight
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   must
                   be
                   particularly
                   mindful
                   to
                   turn
                   their
                   principal
                   roots
                   towards
                   the
                   good
                   Soil
                   ;
                   this
                   being
                   the
                   most
                   important
                   point
                   of
                   all
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   desired
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   Trees
                   designed
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   should
                   appear
                   straight
                   upright
                   upon
                   their
                   feet
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   are
                   planted
                   ;
                   yet
                   if
                   the
                   disposition
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   which
                   perhaps
                   naturally
                   incline
                   to
                   Pirot
                   ,
                   or
                   spread
                   round
                   ,
                   require
                   that
                   the
                   Tree
                   should
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   stooped
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   that
                   good
                   situation
                   to
                   its
                   Roots
                   which
                   I
                   desire
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   scope
                   to
                   spread
                   rather
                   between
                   two
                   Earths
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   shoot
                   right
                   downward
                   ,
                   I
                   not
                   only
                   make
                   no
                   difficulty
                   to
                   hold
                   the
                   head
                   or
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   a
                   little
                   stooped
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   always
                   over
                   the
                   line
                   that
                   is
                   stretched
                   out
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   counsel
                   it
                   as
                   a
                   thing
                   necessary
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   the
                   roots
                   that
                   shoot
                   from
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   being
                   naturally
                   inclined
                   to
                   follow
                   the
                   bent
                   of
                   those
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   sprout
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   happen
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   roots
                   being
                   forced
                   to
                   shoot
                   downwards
                   as
                   low
                   as
                   the
                   bad
                   mold
                   towards
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   or
                   beyond
                   the
                   reach
                   of
                   the
                   rain
                   water
                   ,
                   the
                   Tree
                   will
                   thereupon
                   grow
                   sick
                   ,
                   and
                   languish
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   make
                   an
                   ill-favoured
                   figure
                   ,
                   and
                   bring
                   but
                   scurvy
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   at
                   last
                   die
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   situation
                   of
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   that
                   if
                   we
                   be
                   to
                   plant
                   any
                   Trees
                   along
                   by
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   any
                   Walk
                   or
                   Alley
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   avoid
                   turning
                   the
                   principal
                   roots
                   towards
                   the
                   Alley
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   much
                   greater
                   reason
                   ,
                   ought
                   we
                   to
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   planting
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   take
                   special
                   care
                   we
                   leave
                   not
                   any
                   good
                   root
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   vain
                   to
                   spend
                   its
                   force
                   and
                   vigour
                   against
                   the
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   stooping
                   of
                   the
                   head
                   in
                   low
                   Trees
                   ,
                   need
                   not
                   raise
                   in
                   us
                   any
                   scurple
                   ,
                   or
                   put
                   us
                   in
                   any
                   apprehension
                   of
                   spoiling
                   the
                   beauty
                   either
                   of
                   their
                   figure
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   plantation
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   same
                   case
                   with
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   spring
                   forth
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   with
                   roots
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Branches
                   do
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   follow
                   the
                   Disposition
                   of
                   the
                   stooping
                   head
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   they
                   grow
                   regularly
                   upright
                   round
                   about
                   their
                   trunk
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   because
                   their
                   rise
                   is
                   very
                   near
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   their
                   Trees
                   make
                   as
                   a
                   well
                   shaped
                   figure
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   planted
                   upright
                   upon
                   their
                   center
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   the
                   standard
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   grow
                   in
                   the
                   full
                   air
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   necessarily
                   obliged
                   to
                   plant
                   as
                   upright
                   upon
                   their
                   center
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   ;
                   for
                   otherwise
                   their
                   Trunks
                   would
                   always
                   remain
                   standing
                   awry
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   would
                   make
                   an
                   unseemly
                   figure
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   would
                   be
                   more
                   subject
                   to
                   the
                   insults
                   of
                   violent
                   winds
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   overturned
                   by
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   for
                   that
                   same
                   consideration
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   planted
                   a
                   little
                   deeper
                   than
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   placed
                   a
                   full
                   foot
                   deep
                   in
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   though
                   I
                   caution
                   people
                   not
                   to
                   trample
                   over
                   the
                   Ground
                   where
                   our
                   small
                   Trees
                   are
                   planted
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   making
                   them
                   sink
                   too
                   deep
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   no
                   danger
                   of
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   I
                   advise
                   them
                   to
                   press
                   the
                   Ground
                   as
                   hard
                   and
                   close
                   as
                   as
                   they
                   can
                   ,
                   against
                   the
                   feet
                   of
                   these
                   Standards
                   ,
                   to
                   fasten
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   them
                   the
                   firmer
                   to
                   resist
                   the
                   violence
                   of
                   the
                   winds
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   the
                   planting
                   of
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   have
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   any
                   dung-hills
                   ,
                   I
                   put
                   a
                   bed
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Inches
                   thick
                   of
                   dung
                   over
                   every
                   Tree
                   foot
                   ,
                   and
                   cover
                   it
                   over
                   at
                   
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Mold
                   ,
                   to
                   hide
                   it
                   from
                   being
                   seen
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   no
                   handsome
                   sight
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   bed
                   of
                   dung
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   to
                   improve
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   suppose
                   already
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   prepared
                   ,
                   as
                   particularly
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   burning
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   
                     April
                     ,
                     May
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   June
                   ,
                   from
                   penetrating
                   to
                   their
                   roots
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   consequence
                   from
                   putting
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   due
                   temper
                   ,
                   and
                   hindering
                   them
                   from
                   performing
                   their
                   function
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   cause
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   I
                   want
                   dung
                   ,
                   I
                   content
                   my self
                   during
                   those
                   first
                   dangerous
                   Months
                   ,
                   to
                   cover
                   the
                   feet
                   of
                   my
                   Trees
                   with
                   a
                   bed
                   of
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   or
                   Fern
                   ;
                   I
                   hinder
                   any
                   thing
                   from
                   growing
                   there
                   
                   that
                   may
                   shade
                   or
                   cloud
                   the
                   young
                   shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   drought
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   ,
                   I
                   order
                   a
                   pitcher
                   of
                   water
                   to
                   be
                   poured
                   upon
                   each
                   Tree
                   foot
                   ,
                   every
                   fifteen
                   days
                   during
                   the
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   hot
                   Months
                   ,
                   making
                   first
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   circular
                   trench
                   round
                   the
                   Tree
                   that
                   the
                   water
                   may
                   pierce
                   quite
                   down
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   water
                   is
                   all
                   imbibed
                   ,
                   I
                   fill
                   and
                   make
                   up
                   this
                   circle
                   again
                   ,
                   even
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   discerned
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   But
                   if
                   the
                   season
                   prove
                   rainy
                   ,
                   those
                   waterings
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   necessary
                   .
                   And
                   after
                   all
                   these
                   preparations
                   ,
                   and
                   precautions
                   ,
                   yet
                   we
                   commonly
                   think
                   our selves
                   happy
                   enough
                   if
                   we
                   can
                   Stock
                   our
                   plantations
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   have
                   but
                   few
                   Trees
                   miscarry
                   under
                   our
                   conduct
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     order
                     Trees
                     planted
                     for
                     Reserves
                     in
                     Osier
                     Cases
                     ,
                     or
                     Baskets
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   BUT
                   notwithstanding
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   because
                   some
                   Trees
                   may
                   happen
                   to
                   die
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   desired
                   ,
                   our
                   plantation
                   should
                   be
                   compleated
                   the
                   very
                   first
                   year
                   ,
                   I
                   use
                   to
                   prepare
                   a
                   greater
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   than
                   I
                   have
                   actually
                   need
                   of
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   my
                   plantation
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   always
                   have
                   some
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   in
                   a
                   Body
                   of
                   Reserve
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   my
                   practise
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   I
                   am
                   filling
                   up
                   my
                   plantations
                   ,
                   to
                   plant
                   some
                   Supernumenary
                   Trees
                   of
                   every
                   kind
                   in
                   
                     Osier
                     Cases
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   but
                   more
                   of
                   Stone
                   ,
                   than
                   of
                   
                     Kernel
                     Fruits
                  
                   ,
                   because
                   those
                   former
                   most
                   commonly
                   are
                   in
                   greater
                   hazard
                   of
                   dying
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   Accordingly
                   I
                   chuse
                   out
                   some
                   good
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   (
                   the
                   most
                   shady
                   parts
                   of
                   it
                   being
                   the
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   this
                   effect
                   )
                   and
                   there
                   I
                   plant
                   some
                   Trees
                   in
                   
                     Osier
                     Baskets
                  
                   ,
                   well
                   ticketed
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   carefully
                   set
                   down
                   in
                   my
                   Book
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   order
                   both
                   of
                   their
                   Ranks
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   respective
                   places
                   allotted
                   to
                   them
                   in
                   those
                   Ranks
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   Tree
                   shall
                   happen
                   to
                   die
                   or
                   languish
                   in
                   its
                   place
                   ;
                   Being
                   desirous
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   possible
                   ,
                   that
                   my
                   plantation
                   should
                   continue
                   finished
                   and
                   compleat
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   its
                   figure
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   kinds
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   first
                   modelling
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   keep
                   in
                   a
                   leaning
                   posture
                   in
                   the
                   Reservatory
                   Baskets
                   those
                   Trees
                   
                   that
                   are
                   designed
                   for
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   straight
                   and
                   upright
                   posture
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   intended
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   I
                   have
                   occasion
                   for
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   the
                   more
                   commodiously
                   remove
                   and
                   place
                   them
                   with
                   Basket
                   and
                   all
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   the
                   Tree
                   may
                   be
                   every
                   whit
                   as
                   well
                   situated
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   been
                   first
                   planted
                   there
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   designed
                   for
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   were
                   placed
                   bolt
                   upright
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   could
                   not
                   so
                   easily
                   bend
                   the
                   Tree
                   towards
                   the
                   Wall
                   ;
                   the
                   same
                   inconvenience
                   almost
                   happens
                   if
                   we
                   be
                   to
                   plant
                   for
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   we
                   find
                   in
                   a
                   leaning
                   posture
                   in
                   a
                   Reservatory
                   Basket
                   ,
                   though
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ,
                   that
                   be
                   easier
                   to
                   place
                   well
                   than
                   the
                   Tree
                   designed
                   for
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   operation
                   of
                   the
                   Transporting
                   of
                   Reserve
                   Trees
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   till
                   Mid-summer
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   go
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   first
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   preparation
                   ,
                   water
                   those
                   Reserve
                   Trees
                   well
                   that
                   we
                   design
                   to
                   remove
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   probably
                   will
                   be
                   the
                   fairest
                   we
                   have
                   )
                   and
                   then
                   move
                   the
                   Earth
                   away
                   neatly
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   breaking
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   the
                   plants
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   have
                   shot
                   any
                   beyond
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   their
                   Baskets
                   ;
                   and
                   we
                   must
                   ch
                   〈…〉
                   rainy
                   weather
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   in
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   weather
                   that
                   is
                   mild
                   and
                   temperate
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   time
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   low
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   after
                   he
                   is
                   set
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   he
                   rises
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   must
                   be
                   extreamly
                   carefull
                   not
                   to
                   shake
                   or
                   loosen
                   the
                   Tree
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   manner
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   neither
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   taking
                   it
                   up
                   ,
                   nor
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   carrying
                   it
                   off
                   ,
                   nor
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   replacing
                   it
                   in
                   its
                   designed
                   station
                   ,
                   the
                   shaking
                   and
                   loosening
                   of
                   it
                   being
                   in
                   this
                   case
                   ,
                   very
                   pernicious
                   and
                   often
                   Mortal
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   when
                   in
                   removing
                   these
                   Reserve
                   Trees
                   ,
                   we
                   perceive
                   any
                   roots
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   have
                   begun
                   to
                   shoot
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   first
                   in
                   placing
                   it
                   ,
                   be
                   very
                   careful
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   points
                   of
                   those
                   new
                   Roots
                   ,
                   place
                   them
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   support
                   them
                   with
                   good
                   mold
                   ,
                   cover
                   them
                   immediately
                   ,
                   and
                   ramm
                   the
                   Earth
                   close
                   against
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   water
                   the
                   Ground
                   pretty
                   plentifully
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Earth
                   next
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   cleave
                   the
                   closer
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   there
                   may
                   remain
                   no
                   hollow
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   waters
                   not
                   sinking
                   so
                   hastily
                   when
                   you
                   pour
                   it
                   on
                   the
                   place
                   as
                   before
                   ;
                   And
                   this
                   watering
                   is
                   indispensably
                   necessary
                   in
                   what
                   manner
                   soever
                   we
                   remove
                   our
                   Reserve
                   Trees
                   :
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   on
                   those
                   days
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   shines
                   hot
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   cover
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   with
                   straw
                   Screens
                   ,
                   till
                   such
                   time
                   as
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   sprout
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   we
                   may
                   begin
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   off
                   a
                   nights
                   ;
                   But
                   this
                   last
                   precaution
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   but
                   when
                   we
                   see
                   any
                   new
                   roots
                   Sprout
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   been
                   shaken
                   and
                   loosened
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   same
                   care
                   and
                   caution
                   we
                   use
                   in
                   placing
                   against
                   Walls
                   Trees
                   thus
                   brought
                   up
                   in
                   Reserve
                   Baskets
                   :
                   We
                   must
                   practise
                   too
                   in
                   placing
                   the
                   same
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   or
                   Standards
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   a
                   special
                   care
                   to
                   leave
                   those
                   new
                   roots
                   as
                   little
                   as
                   possible
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   they
                   will
                   presently
                   grow
                   Black
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   die
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   nothing
                   else
                   to
                   add
                   about
                   this
                   head
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   directions
                   how
                   to
                   make
                   these
                   
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   purposely
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   loose
                   wrought
                   that
                   you
                   may
                   see
                   through
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   because
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   the
                   plants
                   may
                   the
                   more
                   easily
                   grow
                   through
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   taking
                   up
                   less
                   stuff
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   cost
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   so
                   much
                   stuff
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   too
                   thick
                   and
                   impenetrable
                   ,
                   it
                   do's
                   but
                   harm
                   .
                   They
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   greenest
                   and
                   freshest
                   gathered
                   Oster
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   put
                   quite
                   green
                   into
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   last
                   the
                   longer
                   without
                   Rotting
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   a
                   whole
                   Year
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   made
                   any
                   time
                   ,
                   rot
                   sooner
                   .
                   They
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   very
                   deep
                   ,
                   because
                   then
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   troublesome
                   to
                   remove
                   ,
                   eight
                   or
                   nine
                   Inches
                   depth
                   is
                   enough
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   set
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   as
                   deep
                   as
                   till
                   their
                   brims
                   be
                   covered
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   room
                   enough
                   to
                   put
                   into
                   them
                   first
                   about
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Inches
                   depth
                   of
                   Mold
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   cover
                   their
                   roots
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   quantity
                   of
                   Earth
                   more
                   ;
                   and
                   we
                   may
                   in
                   removing
                   these
                   Reserve
                   Trees
                   with
                   their
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   take
                   off
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   uppermost
                   Mold
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   find
                   them
                   too
                   cumbersome
                   to
                   carry
                   ;
                   But
                   as
                   I
                   told
                   you
                   before
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   careful
                   to
                   ramm
                   down
                   the
                   Earth
                   close
                   about
                   the
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   remain
                   no
                   chink
                   or
                   hollow
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   the
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   proportionable
                   to
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   roots
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   we
                   design
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   them
                   :
                   They
                   must
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   big
                   enough
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   room
                   to
                   put
                   in
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Inches
                   depth
                   of
                   Mold
                   between
                   the
                   ends
                   of
                   the
                   roots
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Brim
                   of
                   the
                   Basket
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   for
                   Trees
                   designed
                   for
                   Wall
                   Trees
                   ,
                   the
                   Baskets
                   need
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   large
                   as
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   because
                   those
                   Trees
                   are
                   planted
                   in
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   leaning
                   posture
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   lie
                   so
                   near
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   their
                   roots
                   are
                   turned
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   their
                   new
                   roots
                   may
                   find
                   room
                   enough
                   provided
                   the
                   Basket
                   be
                   wide
                   enough
                   ;
                   But
                   for
                   Trees
                   designed
                   for
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   shoot
                   out
                   roots
                   round
                   about
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   Baskets
                   for
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   Larger
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Baskets
                   likewise
                   for
                   Standards
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   proportionably
                   greater
                   than
                   for
                   low
                   Trees
                   .
                   I
                   need
                   not
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Baskets
                   must
                   be
                   round
                   ,
                   because
                   every
                   Body
                   knows
                   that
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   might
                   be
                   made
                   Oval
                   or
                   Square
                   too
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   they
                   would
                   cost
                   more
                   and
                   be
                   never
                   a
                   whit
                   the
                   better
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Difference
                   therefore
                   of
                   the
                   Bigness
                   of
                   Trees
                   obliges
                   us
                   to
                   make
                   Baskets
                   of
                   three
                   different
                   Sizes
                   ,
                   viz.
                   Little
                   ones
                   of
                   about
                   a
                   foot
                   Diameter
                   ,
                   Midling
                   ones
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   fifteen
                   or
                   sixteen
                   Inches
                   ,
                   and
                   Great
                   ones
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   eighteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   .
                   The
                   principal
                   Quality
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   look'd
                   after
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   bottom
                   be
                   strong
                   and
                   solid
                   enough
                   to
                   bear
                   without
                   bursting
                   ,
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   Earth
                   to
                   be
                   charged
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Edges
                   both
                   above
                   and
                   below
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   wrought
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   unravel
                   ;
                   There
                   must
                   be
                   also
                   a
                   Welt
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   reason
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   content
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   this
                   precaution
                   of
                   Reserve-Trees
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   my
                   first
                   planting
                   any
                   great
                   plantations
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   practise
                   it
                   every
                   year
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   certain
                   finall
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   the
                   plantation
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   cultivate
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   there
                   happens
                   any
                   accident
                   to
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   placed
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   there
                   may
                   happen
                   many
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   remedy
                   it
                   assoon
                   as
                   I
                   am
                   threat'ned
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   assoon
                   as
                   ever
                   the
                   accident
                   happens
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   fine
                   we
                   should
                   always
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   condition
                   to
                   keep
                   our
                   plantation
                   full
                   and
                   compleat
                   without
                   suffering
                   any
                   Tree
                   in
                   it
                   that
                   will
                   not
                   comply
                   with
                   our
                   design
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   little
                   cost
                   will
                   put
                   our
                   minds
                   at
                   ease
                   in
                   this
                   respect
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   lose
                   much
                   time
                   and
                   pleasure
                   too
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   now
                   time
                   for
                   us
                   to
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Master
                   Work
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Pruning
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Third
                 Part
                 of
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               Of
               the
               Chapters
               ,
               and
               Matters
               contained
               in
               the
               Three
               Parts
               of
               the
               First
               Tome
               .
            
             
               
                 PART
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   I.
                
                 HOW
                 necessary
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 any
                 Fruit
                 and
                 
                   Kitchen
                   Gardens
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 least
                 tolerably
                 instructed
                 of
                 what
                 concerns
                 the
                 ordering
                 of
                 such
                 
                   Gardens
                   .
                   p.
                
                 1.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   II.
                
                 How
                 easie
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 to
                 attain
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 sufficient
                 knowledge
                 in
                 Garden
                 Concerns
                 .
                 p.
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   III.
                
                 An
                 Abridgment
                 of
                 the
                 Maxims
                 and
                 Rules
                 of
                 
                   Gard'ning
                   .
                   p.
                
                 4.
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       Article
                       I.
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     Qualities
                     Requisite
                     in
                     Soil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       II.
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     Depth
                     required
                     in
                     Soil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       III.
                    
                     Of
                     its
                     Tillage
                     and
                     Cultivation
                     .
                     p.
                     5.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       IV.
                    
                     Directions
                     how
                     to
                     amend
                     it
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       V.
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     Ordinary
                     way
                     of
                     modelling
                     Fruit
                     and
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Gardens
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       VI.
                    
                     How
                     to
                     know
                     
                       Fruit-Trees
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       VII
                    
                     .
                     How
                     to
                     prepare
                     a
                     Tree
                     as
                     well
                     at
                     Head
                     ,
                     as
                     at
                     Root
                     ,
                     before
                     it
                     be
                     Planted
                     .
                     p.
                     7.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       VIII
                    
                     .
                     What
                     time
                     we
                     are
                     to
                     choose
                     to
                     Plant
                     in
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       IX
                    
                     .
                     How
                     to
                     attain
                     a
                     tolerable
                     knowledge
                     in
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     
                       Trees
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     8.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       X.
                    
                     When
                     Wall-Trees
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     bent
                     and
                     Palisado'd
                     .
                     p.
                     10.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       XI
                    
                     .
                     How
                     and
                     when
                     to
                     gather
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Fruits
                     of
                     every
                     Season
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     lay
                     up
                     and
                     stow
                     in
                     the
                     store
                     Rooms
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     do
                     not
                     Ripen
                     upon
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     to
                     preserve
                     them
                     in
                     their
                     Beauty
                     ,
                     and
                     Eat
                     them
                     in
                     due
                     Season
                     without
                     giving
                     them
                     time
                     to
                     rot
                     and
                     spoil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       XII
                    
                     .
                     Concerning
                     Graffs
                     and
                     Nurseries
                     .
                     ib.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Art.
                       XIII
                    
                     .
                     and
                     last
                     ,
                     divided
                     into
                     two
                     Heads
                     ,
                     viz.
                     One
                     that
                     concerns
                     the
                     Improvement
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Gardens
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     second
                     ,
                     the
                     Work
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     in
                     every
                     Season
                     .
                     p.
                     11.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   IV.
                
                 How
                 to
                 choose
                 a
                 Good
                 
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   V.
                
                 An
                 Explication
                 of
                 the
                 Terms
                 of
                 
                   Gard'ning
                   .
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 PART
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   I.
                
                 OF
                 the
                 necessary
                 Qualifications
                 for
                 a
                 good
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Pot
                 
                   Garden
                   .
                   p.
                
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   II.
                
                 Of
                 Earth
                 or
                 Soil
                 in
                 General
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   III.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 required
                 in
                 the
                 Soil
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 ,
                 to
                 constitute
                 it
                 good
                 .
                 p.
                 19.
                 
                 
                   
                     Sect.
                     1.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     proof
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     2.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     second
                     proof
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     p.
                     20.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     3.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     third
                     proof
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     4.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     fourth
                     proof
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     p.
                     21.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     5.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     fifth
                     proof
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     6.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     sixth
                     mark
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     p.
                     22.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     7
                     Of
                     the
                     seventh
                     mark
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Soil
                     .
                     p.
                     23.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   IV.
                
                 Of
                 other
                 Terms
                 used
                 in
                 speaking
                 of
                 Soils
                 ,
                 p.
                 25.
                 
                 
                   
                     Sect.
                     8.
                     
                     Of
                     Soils
                     exhausted
                     and
                     worn
                     out
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     9.
                     
                     Of
                     Fallow
                     Soils
                     .
                     p.
                     26.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     10.
                     
                     Of
                     Transported
                     Soils
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     11.
                     
                     Of
                     Soils
                     new
                     broken
                     up
                     ,
                     or
                     new
                     Soils
                     .
                     p.
                     27.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sect.
                     12.
                     
                     And
                     last
                     of
                     the
                     Colours
                     most
                     Commendable
                     in
                     good
                     Soils
                     .
                     p.
                     28.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   V.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Situation
                 required
                 in
                 our
                 Gardens
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 advantages
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 situated
                 upon
                 a
                 gently
                 rising
                 Ground
                 .
                 p.
                 29.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VI.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Expositions
                 in
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 general
                 and
                 particular
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 third
                 Condition
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 convenience
                 of
                 Waterage
                 .
                 p.
                 32.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VIII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 fourth
                 Condition
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Garden
                 should
                 be
                 upon
                 a
                 Ground
                 that
                 is
                 almost
                 Level
                 .
                 p.
                 33.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   IX
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 fifth
                 Condition
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Garden
                 should
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 pleasing
                 Figure
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 placed
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   X.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 sixth
                 Condition
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Garden
                 be
                 inclosed
                 with
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 secured
                 with
                 Doors
                 that
                 shut
                 fast
                 .
                 p.
                 35.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XI
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 last
                 Condition
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fruit
                 and
                 
                   Kitchen
                   Gardens
                
                 be
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 passage
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 be
                 easie
                 and
                 convenient
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XII
                
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 correct
                 a
                 Ground
                 that
                 is
                 defective
                 whether
                 in
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 its
                 Soil
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 its
                 too
                 small
                 quantity
                 .
                 p.
                 37.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIII
                
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Acclivity
                 and
                 Declivity
                 ,
                 or
                 rises
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 in
                 every
                 
                   Garden
                   .
                   p.
                
                 40.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIV
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 modelling
                 or
                 Distribution
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Ground
                 in
                 every
                 Garden
                 .
                 p.
                 43.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XV.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 modelling
                 and
                 Distribution
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 Garden
                 .
                 p.
                 45.
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVI
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 breadth
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 to
                 be
                 tilled
                 next
                 the
                 
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Distribution
                 or
                 modelling
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 a
                 Competent
                 bigness
                 .
                 p.
                 46.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVIII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 modelling
                 or
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Gardens
                 of
                 several
                 Sizes
                 ,
                 from
                 fifteen
                 ,
                 to
                 forty
                 Toises
                 or
                 Fathoms
                 Extent
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIX
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 modelling
                 or
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Gardens
                 of
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 bigness
                 .
                 p.
                 47.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XX.
                
                 How
                 to
                 cultivate
                 
                   Fruit
                   Gardens
                   .
                   p.
                
                 48.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXI
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 labourage
                 and
                 Tillage
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 p.
                 49.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 Amendments
                 .
                 p.
                 51.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXIII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 Dung.
                 p.
                 53.
                 
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     several
                     sorts
                     of
                     Dung.
                     p.
                     54.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     to
                     choose
                     Dung.
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     times
                     most
                     Proper
                     to
                     Dung
                     Ground
                     in
                     .
                     p.
                     55.
                     
                  
                   
                     No
                     Dung
                     to
                     be
                     used
                     to
                     
                       Trees
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     56.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXIV
                
                 .
                 Whether
                 it
                 be
                 good
                 to
                 Dung
                 
                   Trees
                   .
                   p.
                
                 58.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXV
                
                 .
                 What
                 sort
                 of
                 Ground
                 agrees
                 best
                 with
                 every
                 sort
                 of
                 
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                
                 60.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 PART
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     VVHat
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     in
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     making
                     a
                     judicious
                     Choice
                     as
                     in
                     proportioning
                     and
                     Placing
                     the
                     Best
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     whether
                     
                       Dwarfs
                       ,
                       Wall-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Standards
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     62.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     design
                     and
                     order
                     of
                     this
                     part
                     .
                     p.
                     65.
                     
                  
                   
                     Some
                     Advertisements
                     .
                     p.
                     66.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Author's
                     Judgment
                     and
                     Taste
                     in
                     
                       Pears
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     67.
                     
                  
                   
                     Whether
                     it
                     be
                     convenient
                     to
                     Plant
                     any
                     Dwarf-Trees
                     in
                     little
                     
                       Gardens
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     69.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     
                       Dwarf
                       Fruit-Trees
                    
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     chosen
                     to
                     Plant
                     in
                     small
                     
                       Gardens
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     necessary
                     't
                     is
                     for
                     Gardens
                     to
                     be
                     inclosed
                     with
                     Walls
                     .
                     p.
                     70.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pear-Tree
                     ,
                     most
                     proper
                     to
                     be
                     planted
                     in
                     little
                     Gardens
                     ,
                     and
                     why
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Author's
                     advice
                     to
                     Gentlemen
                     over
                     hasty
                     for
                     Fruit
                     with
                     the
                     inconveniences
                     attending
                     it
                     .
                     ib.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     method
                     may
                     be
                     taken
                     in
                     spacious
                     Gardens
                     to
                     have
                     Fruit
                     early
                     and
                     fair
                     ,
                     while
                     the
                     principal
                     Garden
                     is
                     growing
                     to
                     perfection
                     .
                     p.
                     71.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     effects
                     of
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     Climates
                     ,
                     difference
                     of
                     Soils
                     ,
                     and
                     temper
                     of
                     Years
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     
                       Climate
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     72.
                     
                  
                   
                     Autumn
                     and
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     not
                     to
                     hang
                     too
                     long
                     on
                     the
                     
                       Trees
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Four
                     several
                     Seasons
                     of
                     Fruit
                     and
                     how
                     reckoned
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     
                       June
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     73.
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       July
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       August
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       September
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     74.
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       October
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       November
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       December
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     75.
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       January
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Fruits
                     of
                     
                       February
                       ,
                       March
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     
                       April
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     76.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Precedence
                     of
                     the
                     Maturity
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Expositions
                     they
                     Grow
                     in
                     .
                     ibid.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     long
                     the
                     Fruit
                     of
                     each
                     sort
                     of
                     Tree
                     generally
                     last
                     .
                     p.
                     77.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   I.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Dwarf
                   Pear-Tree
                
                 to
                 Plant
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 room
                 but
                 for
                 one
                 .
                 p.
                 78.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   II.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 a
                 second
                 
                   Dwarf
                   Pear-Tree
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 Garden
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 room
                 for
                 but
                 two
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 of
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 third
                 ,
                 fourth
                 ,
                 fifth
                 ,
                 sixth
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                   p.
                
                 82.
                 
                 Necessary
                 Qualifications
                 required
                 in
                 an
                 Excellent
                 
                   Pear
                   .
                   p.
                
                 83.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   III.
                
                 Of
                 
                   Standard
                   Pear-Trees
                
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 .
                 p.
                 84.
                 
                 
                   
                     A
                     List
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     five
                     hundred
                     
                       Dwarf
                       Pear-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     order
                     in
                     which
                     they
                     are
                     Ranked
                     by
                     the
                     Author
                     ,
                     together
                     with
                     an
                     Account
                     of
                     the
                     Seasons
                     in
                     which
                     they
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     Eaten
                     ,
                     and
                     an
                     indication
                     of
                     the
                     Pages
                     wherein
                     they
                     are
                     described
                     .
                     p.
                     85.
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     List
                     of
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Pears
                     ,
                     both
                     
                       Good
                       ,
                       Indifferent
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Bad
                     ones
                     ,
                     and
                     first
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Good
                       Pears
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     121.
                     
                  
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Indifferent
                     or
                     
                       Tolerable
                       Pears
                       .
                       ibid.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     
                       Bad
                       Pears
                       .
                       p.
                    
                     122.
                     
                  
                   
                     Besides
                     the
                     Pears
                     unknown
                     to
                     the
                     Author
                     ,
                     a
                     List
                     of
                     those
                     known
                     by
                     him
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     Bad
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     would
                     Counsel
                     no
                     Body
                     to
                     Plant
                     any
                     of
                     them
                     .
                     p.
                     123.
                     
                  
                   
                     Another
                     List
                     of
                     those
                     which
                     he
                     neither
                     values
                     enough
                     to
                     Councel
                     any
                     body
                     to
                     Plant
                     them
                     ,
                     nor
                     yet
                     slights
                     so
                     much
                     as
                     to
                     pretend
                     to
                     banish
                     them
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Gardens
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     fansie
                     them
                     .
                     p.
                     124.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   IV.
                
                 A
                 Treatise
                 of
                 
                   Apples
                   .
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   V.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 good
                 use
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Walls
                 in
                 any
                 
                   Garden
                   .
                   p.
                
                 127.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VI.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 distances
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 between
                 
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                
                 130.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VII
                
                 .
                 What
                 Fruits
                 best
                 deserve
                 to
                 be
                 placed
                 in
                 
                   Wall-Plantations
                   .
                   p.
                
                 133.
                 
                 What
                 are
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Grape
                 .
                 134.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   VIII
                
                 .
                 A
                 Treatise
                 of
                 
                   Figs.
                   p.
                
                 136.
                 
                 The
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 
                   Fig.
                   p.
                
                 136.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   IX
                
                 .
                 a
                 Treatise
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 137.
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   Chap.
                   X.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Excellence
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 Qualities
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 139.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XI
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Indifferent
                 Qualities
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 140.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Bad
                 Qualities
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 140.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIII
                
                 .
                 The
                 Author's
                 Judgment
                 of
                 
                   Peaches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 141.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIV
                
                 .
                 A
                 Treatise
                 of
                 
                   Plums
                   .
                   p.
                
                 142.
                 
                 The
                 good
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 Defects
                 ,
                 and
                 Indifferent
                 Qualities
                 of
                 
                   Plums
                   .
                   p.
                
                 142.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XV.
                
                 An
                 abridgment
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Wall
                   Fruit-Trees
                
                 in
                 every
                 
                   Exposition
                   .
                   p.
                
                 171.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVI
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 necessary
                 Qualifications
                 Required
                 in
                 every
                 Fruit-Tree
                 ,
                 to
                 fit
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 and
                 designed
                 for
                 a
                 good
                 place
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Wall-Plantation
                   .
                   p.
                
                 174.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVII
                
                 .
                 How
                 to
                 choose
                 Trees
                 in
                 
                   Nurseries
                   .
                   p.
                
                 175.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XVIII
                
                 .
                 How
                 to
                 choose
                 Trees
                 already
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Nurseries
                   .
                   p.
                
                 176.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XIX
                
                 .
                 How
                 to
                 prepare
                 a
                 Tree
                 for
                 planting
                 .
                 p.
                 177.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XX.
                
                 How
                 to
                 Plant
                 Trees
                 when
                 prepared
                 .
                 p.
                 180.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chap.
                   XXI
                
                 .
                 How
                 to
                 order
                 Trees
                 planted
                 in
                 Baskets
                 for
                 a
                 Reserve
                 .
                 p.
                 182.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               Table
               of
               the
               Chapters
               and
               Matters
               contained
               in
               the
               first
               ,
               second
               ,
               and
               third
               Parts
               of
               the
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit
               ,
               and
               Kitchen-Gardens
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               LIST
               Of
               the
               Different
               Sorts
               of
               Fruits
               ,
               viz.
               
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 Pavies
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Bastard-Peaches
                 ,
                 Brugnons
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Nectarins
                 ,
                 Plums
                 ,
                 Figs
                 ,
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 Azerolls
                 ,
              
               or
               Garden-Haws
               ;
               and
               Apples
               ,
               Specifying
               the
               Seasons
               they
               are
               to
               be
               Eaten
               in
               ;
               and
               the
               places
               of
               this
               Treatise
               where
               they
               are
               Described
               .
            
             
               
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 Pavies
                 ,
                 or
                 fix'd
                 Ston'd-Peaches
                 ,
                 and
                 Brugnons
                 ,
                 or
                 Nectarins
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Peach
                 ,
                 Nectarin
                 ,
                 and
                 Pavie
                 ,
                 or
                 Bastard-Peach
                 described
                 ,
                 and
                 distinguished
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 p.
                 133.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Little
                 Early
                 or
                 Avant
                 Peach
                 ,
                 Its
                 Season
                 ,
                 beginning
                 of
                 July
                 Described
                 .
                 p.
                 137.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Troy-Peach
                 ,
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 and
                 beginning
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 p.
                 146
                 ,
                 137.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Yellow
                 Alberge-Peach
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 little
                 Yellow
                 Alberge
                 Pavie
                 ,
                 or
                 fix'd
                 ston'd-Peach
                 ,
                 August
                 .
                 p.
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 White
                 Maudlin
                 ,
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Red
                 Maudlin
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 p.
                 153.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Minion
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 138
                 ,
                 147.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Italian-Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 p.
                 153
                 ,
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Red
                 Alberge
                 Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 Alberge
                 Violet
                 Pavie
                 ,
                 or
                 fix'd
                 ston'd
                 Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Bourdin-Peach
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Yellow
                 Pulpt
                 Cherry-Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 White
                 Pulpt
                 Cherry-Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Chevreuse
                 or
                 Hairy
                 or
                 Goat-Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 p.
                 138
                 ,
                 147.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Rossane
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Rossane
                 Pavie
                 or
                 fix'd
                 ston'd-Peach
                 ,
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 p.
                 153
                 ,
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Persick
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Hasting
                 or
                 Forward
                 Violet-Peach
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 ib.
                 p.
                 146.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Bellegarde
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 p.
                 154
                 ,
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Violet
                 Nectarin
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Purple-Peach
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Admirable
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 September
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Nivette
                 October
                 .
                 p.
                 147.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Pau-Peach
                 October
                 .
                 ibid.
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 White
                 Andilly-Peach
                 October
                 .
                 p.
                 157.
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 latter
                 Yellow
                 Peach
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 the
                 Yellow
                 Admirable
                 October
                 .
                 p.
                 146
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 Royal-Peach
                 October
                 .
                 p.
                 153
                 ,
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 latter
                 Violet-Peach
                 October
                 .
                 138.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 Red
                 Pompone
                 or
                 Monstrous
                 Pavie
                 ,
                 or
                 Bastard-Peach
                 October
                 .
                 p.
                 154
                 ,
                 142.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 PLUMS
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Description
                 of
                 Plums
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 p.
                 142.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Violet
                 Perdrigon
                 .
                 p.
                 145.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 St.
                 Catharine-Plum
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Apricock-Plum
                 .
                 p.
                 153
                 ,
                 144.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Roche-Courbon
                 .
                 p.
                 143.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Mirabelle
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Empress
                 .
                 p.
                 161.
                 
              
               
                 Several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plums
                 very
                 good
                 both
                 raw
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 or
                 preserved
                 .
                 p.
                 143.
                 
              
               
                 Several
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plums
                 ,
                 good
                 to
                 dry
                 or
                 preserve
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 FIGS
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Description
                 of
                 Figs
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 p.
                 136.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 White
                 Fig
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Long
                 and
                 round
                 sort
                 .
                 p.
                 136.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Black
                 Fig.
                 137.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 Yellow
                 Fig.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Green
                 Fig.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 Gray
                 Fig
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 called
                 the
                 Mellette
                 ,
                 or
                 Honey-Fig
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Blackish
                 Fig.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 White
                 ,
                 or
                 Early
                 Fig.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 Bourjassotte
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Angelick
                 Fig.
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 APRICOCKS
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Hasting
                 ,
                 or
                 Early
                 Apricock
                 .
                 p.
                 144.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 ordinary
                 Apricock
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 Almond
                 Apricock
                 in
                 the
                 Angoumois
                 Country
                 .
                 p.
                 145.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHERRIES
                 .
              
               
                 HAsting
                 ,
                 or
                 Early
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 beginning
                 of
                 June
                 .
                 p.
                 173.
                 
              
               
                 Guings
                 or
                 Guignes
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Montmorancy
                 Cherries
                 to
                 preserve
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 called
                 Coulardes
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Good
                 sort
                 of
                 Common
                 Cherry
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Bigarrô
                 ,
                 or
                 Bright
                 Heart
                 Cherry
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Griotte
                 ,
                 or
                 Agriot-Cherry
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 GRAPES
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Corinthian
                 Grape
                 .
                 p.
                 162.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Chasselas
                 .
                 p.
                 163.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Bourdelais
                 ,
                 or
                 Verjuice
                 Grape
                 .
                 p.
                 161.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Early
                 or
                 Hasting
                 Grape
                 ,
                 or
                 Black
                 Morillon
                 .
                 p.
                 163.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Cioutat
                 Grape
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Azerolls
                 or
                 Garden-Haws
                 .
                 The
                 Azeroll
                 or
                 Garden-Haw
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 APPLES
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Description
                 of
                 Apples
                 in
                 general
                 .
                 124.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 White
                 and
                 Gray
                 Pippin
                 ,
                 in
                 Season
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 .
                 p.
                 125.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 White
                 and
                 Red
                 Summer
                 Calville
                 ,
                 August
                 ,
                 and
                 September
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Autumnal
                 Calville
                 ,
                 from
                 October
                 till
                 February
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Cour-pendu
                 or
                 short
                 stalk'd
                 ,
                 or
                 Bardin
                 Apple
                 ,
                 from
                 December
                 till
                 March.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Fennellet
                 ,
                 or
                 Anis-apple
                 ,
                 from
                 December
                 to
                 March.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Api
                 or
                 Ladies-apple
                 ,
                 from
                 December
                 till
                 April
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Violet-apple
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 October
                 till
                 Christmas
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Rambour
                 August
                 .
                 p.
                 126.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Cousinot
                 from
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 October
                 till
                 February
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Orgeran
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Star-apple
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Jerusalem
                 apple
                 .
                 ibid
              
               
                 The
                 thick
                 English
                 Pear-main
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Ice-apple
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Francatu
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Haute
                 Bonte
                 ,
                 or
                 High
                 good
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 called
                 Blandilalie
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Rouvezeau
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Chesnut-apple
                 ,
                 or
                 Martrange
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Blossomless
                 ,
                 or
                 Fig-apple
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Petit-bon
                 ,
                 or
                 Little-good
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Rose-apple
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               
            
             
               OF
               FRUIT-GARDENS
               AND
               Kitchen-Gardens
               .
               VOL.
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 PART
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   INTRODUCTION
                   .
                
                 
                   GEnerally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Trees
                  
                   is
                   Cutting
                   off
                   some
                   of
                   their
                   Branches
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   commonly
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   prun'd
                   ,
                   when
                   many
                   marks
                   appear
                   of
                   Branches
                   being
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                   We
                   likewise
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   
                     Gard'ner
                     prunes
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   cutting
                   some
                   Branches
                   from
                   his
                   Trees
                   with
                   his
                   Pruning-Knife
                   .
                   This
                   Pruning
                   has
                   been
                   look'd
                   upon
                   in
                   all
                   Times
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   Curious
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Master-piece
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   the
                   Practice
                   of
                   it
                   began
                   not
                   in
                   our
                   Days
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   was
                   held
                   as
                   a
                   Maxim
                   many
                   Ages
                   since
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Testimony
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   we
                   only
                   follow
                   
                   now
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   improve
                   what
                   was
                   practis'd
                   by
                   our
                   Fore-fathers
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Custom
                   of
                   Pruning
                   does
                   not
                   commonly
                   extend
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   only
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   known
                   in
                   Gardens
                   by
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     Counter-Espaliers
                  
                   or
                   Pole-Hedges
                   and
                   Dwarfs
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   called
                   Tall-standards
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   seldom
                   prun'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   once
                   or
                   twice
                   in
                   their
                   first
                   Years
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   the
                   first
                   Turn
                   of
                   a
                   Round
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   Overture
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   requisite
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   they
                   first
                   begin
                   to
                   form
                   an
                   Head
                   ;
                   or
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   some
                   irregular
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   process
                   of
                   Time
                   might
                   intangle
                   or
                   disfigure
                   that
                   Head
                   ;
                   which
                   Pruning
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   .
                   A
                   kind
                   of
                   Pruning
                   is
                   likewise
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   very
                   old
                   Tall-standards
                   ,
                   by
                   cutting
                   off
                   the
                   dead
                   or
                   languishing
                   Branches
                   ,
                   both
                   large
                   and
                   small
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   rather
                   called
                   Cleansing
                   ,
                   or
                   Dis-incumbring
                   ,
                   than
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Although
                   the
                   first
                   Idea
                   People
                   have
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   is
                   commonly
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Heads
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   their
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   frequently
                   want
                   some
                   Correction
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   in
                   a
                   way
                   of
                   doing
                   well
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                   of
                   their
                   Master
                   ;
                   yet
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   still
                   another
                   Trimming
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   material
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   Roots
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   two
                   Occasions
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   ,
                   is
                   generally
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   all
                   Trees
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   planted
                   ;
                   (
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   mention'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   
                     Plantations
                     :
                  
                   )
                   The
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   extraordinary
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   upon
                   some
                   on
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   one
                   designs
                   to
                   make
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   vigorous
                   than
                   they
                   are
                   .
                   This
                   I
                   will
                   speak
                   of
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Maxim
                   ,
                   or
                   Necessity
                   of
                   Pruning
                   the
                   Heads
                   of
                   all
                   Trees
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   Tall-standards
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   tho
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Erroneous
                   Opinions
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   easily
                   destroy
                   .
                   I
                   think
                   my self
                   indispensibly
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   examine
                   here
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   in
                   me
                   lies
                   ,
                   whatever
                   relates
                   to
                   so
                   renown'd
                   a
                   Practice
                   in
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   protest
                   ,
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   will
                   make
                   no
                   particular
                   Reserve
                   to
                   my self
                   ;
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   will
                   use
                   my
                   utmost
                   Endeavour
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   omit
                   any
                   thing
                   whatever
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   able
                   to
                   apprehend
                   in
                   it
                   hitherto
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   so
                   long
                   practis'd
                   with
                   Success
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   persuaded
                   that
                   Pruning
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   a
                   very
                   useful
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   a
                   very
                   curious
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   capable
                   of
                   affording
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   understand
                   it
                   :
                   But
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   acknowledg'd
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   perpicious
                   ,
                   or
                   dangerous
                   ,
                   when
                   perform'd
                   by
                   unskilful
                   Hands
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   properly
                   ,
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Sense
                   we
                   take
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   barely
                   Cutting
                   ;
                   every
                   
                   body
                   cuts
                   ,
                   but
                   few
                   prune
                   ;
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   easie
                   than
                   to
                   cut
                   :
                   And
                   it
                   may
                   even
                   sometimes
                   happen
                   by
                   chance
                   ,
                   that
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   cut
                   without
                   discretion
                   ,
                   may
                   succeed
                   well
                   enough
                   ,
                   tho
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   the
                   Consequences
                   prove
                   very
                   bad
                   ;
                   whereas
                   there
                   being
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Judgment
                   and
                   Rule
                   in
                   Pruning
                   skilfully
                   ,
                   the
                   Success
                   is
                   generally
                   certain
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   may
                   depend
                   on
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ;
                   for
                   all
                   does
                   not
                   depend
                   on
                   him
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   well
                   known
                   that
                   he
                   is
                   neither
                   Master
                   of
                   Times
                   ,
                   or
                   Seasons
                   ;
                   which
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   ,
                   and
                   chiefly
                   concurr
                   to
                   the
                   perfecting
                   His
                   Work.
                   And
                   therefore
                   ,
                   when
                   People
                   have
                   not
                   that
                   Abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   they
                   desire
                   ,
                   and
                   did
                   hope
                   for
                   ,
                   the
                   Fault
                   ought
                   not
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   imputed
                   to
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   :
                   He
                   is
                   only
                   blameable
                   when
                   his
                   Trees
                   are
                   not-well
                   shap'd
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   blossom
                   abundantly
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   not
                   universally
                   and
                   equally
                   beautiful
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   see
                   ,
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   
                     Tree
                     ,
                     Fruit
                  
                   of
                   very
                   different
                   sizes
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   is
                   partly
                   Master
                   of
                   that
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Definition
                     of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   let
                   you
                   understand
                   what
                   this
                   Pruning
                   is
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   Operation
                   of
                   Gardning
                   for
                   three
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   yearly
                   to
                   Trees
                   ,
                   betwixt
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   November
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   March
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   First
                   is
                   ,
                   To
                   take
                   away
                   all
                   those
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   naught
                   ,
                   or
                   might
                   be
                   prejudicial
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   the
                   Abundance
                   ,
                   or
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   ,
                   To
                   preserve
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   good
                   use
                   to
                   those
                   Trees
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Third
                   ,
                   Prudently
                   to
                   clip
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   found
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   cut
                   any
                   thing
                   off
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   too
                   much
                   length
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   all
                   this
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Tree
                   lasting
                   ,
                   to
                   beautifie
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   dispose
                   it
                   soon
                   to
                   bear
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   By
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   naught
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   decay'd
                   by
                   having
                   yielded
                   much
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   too
                   small
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   no
                   disposition
                   to
                   produce
                   either
                   Wood
                   or
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   By
                   Branches
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   prejudicial
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   Abundance
                   ,
                   or
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   might
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   or
                   shadow
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   that
                   take
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   over-charg'd
                   with
                   Wood
                   ,
                   compar'd
                   to
                   its
                   Vigour
                   .
                
                 
                   By
                   Branches
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   good
                   Use
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   well
                   condition'd
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   Infallibly
                   to
                   produce
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   By
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   exceed
                   nine
                   or
                   ten
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   consequently
                   want
                   to
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   ;
                   such
                   are
                   all
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Branches
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   By
                   Branches
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   too
                   much
                   length
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   certain
                   little
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   Thickness
                   ,
                   have
                   Buds
                   at
                   the
                   Ends
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   Disposition
                   of
                   having
                   some
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   strong
                   enough
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   Fruit
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   produce
                   ,
                   without
                   breaking
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   so
                   material
                   Distinction
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   more
                   particularly
                   explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Chapters
                   that
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                   Manner
                   of
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   nothing
                   here
                   of
                   the
                   Original
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   fabulous
                   ,
                   and
                   ridiculous
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   cannot
                   at
                   present
                   serve
                   for
                   Instruction
                   .
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   What
                   signifies
                   it
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   pretend
                   to
                   derive
                   the
                   Original
                   of
                   Pruning
                   from
                   that
                   Province
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   called
                   Nauptia
                   ;
                   a
                   Country
                   abounding
                   in
                   Vineyards
                   :
                   An
                   Ass
                   having
                   brouz'd
                   or
                   nibbl'd
                   some
                   Branches
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   observ'd
                   that
                   the
                   nibbl'd
                   Branches
                   produc'd
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   more
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   untouch'd
                   ;
                   which
                   made
                   them
                   resolve
                   thenceforward
                   to
                   shorten
                   ,
                   or
                   break
                   ,
                   or
                   cut
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   prune
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Vines
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   moreover
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   much
                   Success
                   attended
                   this
                   Experiment
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   express
                   their
                   Acknowledgment
                   of
                   so
                   fine
                   an
                   Invention
                   ,
                   they
                   erected
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   finest
                   Places
                   of
                   that
                   Province
                   ,
                   a
                   Marble
                   Statue
                   to
                   that
                   Animal
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   the
                   Abundance
                   of
                   Wine
                   .
                   And
                   our
                   Books
                   tell
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   true
                   Reason
                   of
                   
                   Bacchus's
                   being
                   drawn
                   mounted
                   upon
                   an
                   Ass
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Usefulness
                   of
                   Pruning
                   Vines
                   being
                   visible
                   ;
                   it
                   was
                   judg'd
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   less
                   advantageous
                   to
                   
                     prune
                     Fruit-Trees
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Beginnings
                   ,
                   they
                   did
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   as
                   has
                   been
                   done
                   in
                   all
                   other
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   ,
                   they
                   begun
                   to
                   cut
                   grosly
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   prune
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   till
                   by
                   degrees
                   they
                   have
                   study'd
                   to
                   refine
                   upon
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   these
                   Days
                   ,
                   People
                   still
                   study
                   ,
                   by
                   Reason
                   and
                   Observation
                   ,
                   to
                   improve
                   ,
                   and
                   render
                   themselves
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   perfect
                   in
                   it
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Information
                   we
                   receive
                   from
                   Books
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Original
                   of
                   Pruning
                   :
                   It
                   will
                   easily
                   be
                   granted
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   a
                   very
                   material
                   Thing
                   .
                   But
                   ,
                   What
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   be
                   known
                   ,
                
                 
                   Are
                   three
                   principal
                   Points
                   ;
                   without
                   the
                   understanding
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   impossible
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   speak
                   well
                   of
                   this
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   perform
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     First
                     relates
                     to
                     the
                     Reasons
                     for
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Second
                     ,
                     To
                     the
                     Time
                     in
                     which
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     the
                     Third
                     relates
                     to
                     the
                     Manner
                     of
                     doing
                     it
                     with
                     Skill
                     and
                     Success
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   examine
                   these
                   three
                   Points
                   ,
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Reasons
                     of
                     Pruning
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Will
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   Reasons
                   for
                   which
                   Pruning
                   is
                   used
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   are
                   two
                   .
                   The
                   First
                   ,
                   and
                   chief
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   which
                   Pruning
                   aims
                   at
                   ,
                   The
                   speedy
                   getting
                   of
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   no
                   Fruit-Trees
                   would
                   be
                   had
                   ,
                   or
                   cultivated
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   ,
                   informs
                   us
                   ,
                   That
                   Pruning
                   serves
                   to
                   make
                   Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   those
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   neither
                   Fruit
                   nor
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   appear
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   Sight
                   ,
                   than
                   they
                   would
                   do
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   not
                   prun'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   of
                   the
                   Sight
                   in
                   this
                   last
                   Point
                   depends
                   wholly
                   upon
                   the
                   well-understood
                   ,
                   and
                   well-proportion'd
                   Figure
                   ,
                   a
                   skilful
                   Hand
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   giving
                   to
                   each
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Industry
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   can
                   contribute
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   depends
                   first
                   upon
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   he
                   must
                   have
                   of
                   every
                   Branch
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   from
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   :
                   It
                   depends
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   judicious
                   Distinction
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   among
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   wholly
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   bad
                   ,
                   or
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   carefully
                   to
                   preserve
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   be
                   they
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Branches
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   with
                   this
                   caution
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   among
                   these
                   last
                   ,
                   some
                   be
                   found
                   not
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   they
                   shall
                   be
                   left
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   main
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   which
                   are
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   Reason
                   may
                   require
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Abundance
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                   This
                   abundance
                   depends
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   Place
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   proper
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   all
                   times
                   not
                   being
                   fit
                   for
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   Heads
                   ,
                   which
                   relate
                   to
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   and
                   Distinction
                   of
                   Branches
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   shew
                   hereafter
                   in
                   what
                   Order
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   what
                   Use
                   Nature
                   produces
                   them
                   upon
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   how
                   some
                   are
                   useful
                   for
                   one
                   thing
                   ,
                   others
                   for
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   chiefly
                   how
                   some
                   have
                   more
                   Disposition
                   to
                   Fructify
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   ;
                   and
                   shall
                   conclude
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   according
                   to
                   that
                   Order
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Intention
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   that
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   Disposition
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   Order'd
                   and
                   Prun'd
                   in
                   a
                   different
                   manner
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   before
                   I
                   enter
                   any
                   farther
                   into
                   that
                   matter
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   great
                   extent
                   ,
                   since
                   I
                   must
                   therein
                   explain
                   ,
                   especially
                   the
                   Manner
                   ,
                   or
                   Rules
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   practis'd
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   are
                   very
                   different
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   I
                   think
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   say
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   briefly
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   ,
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   of
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   since
                   that
                   Article
                   is
                   soonest
                   decided
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Time
                     of
                     Pruning
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THere
                   is
                   but
                   little
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   upon
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   by
                   a
                   general
                   Approbation
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   fix'd
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   the
                   Trees
                   sprout
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   about
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   the
                   Buds
                   begin
                   to
                   swell
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   become
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   to
                   stretch
                   out
                   to
                   become
                   Branches
                   :
                   Which
                   happens
                   infallibly
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   great
                   Colds
                   (
                   which
                   generally
                   attend
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   
                     November
                     ,
                     December
                     ,
                     January
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   February
                   ,
                   are
                   past
                   ;
                   )
                   the
                   Spring
                   coming
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Air
                   beginning
                   to
                   grow
                   hot
                   ,
                   and
                   mild
                   ,
                   the
                   Plants
                   ,
                   that
                   had
                   wholly
                   ceas'd
                   to
                   act
                   during
                   four
                   Months
                   ,
                   begin
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   to
                   waken
                   ,
                   and
                   really
                   to
                   enter
                   into
                   Action
                   :
                   That
                   first
                   Motion
                   is
                   constantly
                   perform'd
                   at
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   before
                   it
                   begins
                   at
                   the
                   Roots
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Cold
                   has
                   been
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   interrupt
                   their
                   Function
                   ;
                   for
                   among
                   us
                   ,
                   in
                   mild
                   Winters
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   much
                   more
                   Interruption
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   very
                   hot
                   Countries
                   .
                   We
                   shall
                   shew
                   this
                   Order
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   .
                   This
                   External
                   Renewing
                   of
                   Action
                   is
                   a
                   certain
                   Sign
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   time
                   to
                   prune
                   .
                
                 
                   People
                   were
                   formerly
                   so
                   scrupulous
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   precise
                   Time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   durst
                   not
                   absolutely
                   labour
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   Decrease
                   of
                   the
                   Moons
                   of
                   February
                   and
                   March
                   :
                   It
                   was
                   almost
                   the
                   only
                   Maxim
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   that
                   appear'd
                   well
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   in
                   effect
                   inviolably
                   observed
                   .
                   It
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Rote
                   ,
                   which
                   most
                   Gardners
                   affected
                   with
                   an
                   incredible
                   Obstinacy
                   ;
                   or
                   rather
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Tyranny
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   exercis'd
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   employ'd
                   by
                   Gentlemen
                   who
                   were
                   Lovers
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                   That
                   Custom
                   was
                   grown
                   to
                   that
                   heighth
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   would
                   have
                   thought
                   all
                   lost
                   ,
                   had
                   any
                   thing
                   been
                   prun'd
                   out
                   of
                   those
                   Declinings
                   :
                   It
                   was
                   an
                   Epidemical
                   Distemper
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   still
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   ill
                   Remains
                   .
                   I
                   grant
                   that
                   in
                   other
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   above
                   my
                   Reach
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   no
                   Insight
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   Motions
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   whatever
                   has
                   any
                   relation
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   take
                   upon
                   me
                   to
                   shew
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Treatise
                   of
                   some
                   Reflections
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   upon
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Observations
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   vain
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   Chimerical
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   I
                   was
                   formerly
                   infected
                   with
                   that
                   Opinion
                   my self
                   ,
                   and
                   am
                   now
                   fully
                   disabus'd
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   despair
                   of
                   ridding
                   Gard'ners
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   of
                   Notion
                   ,
                   or
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   cure
                   the
                   Disquiets
                   of
                   several
                   ingenious
                   Men
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   to
                   prune
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   February
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   Beginning
                   
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   commonly
                   Times
                   of
                   Decrease
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   as
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   minding
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   one
                   may
                   begin
                   to
                   prune
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   faln
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   October
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   about
                   the
                   Middle
                   of
                   November
                   ;
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   continu'd
                   afterwards
                   for
                   the
                   whole
                   Winter
                   ,
                   until
                   all
                   be
                   done
                   .
                   And
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   having
                   commonly
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   to
                   prune
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   too
                   weak
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   too
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   as
                   good
                   a
                   Case
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   both
                   prudent
                   and
                   useful
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   prune
                   them
                   all
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   prune
                   some
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   later
                   .
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   sufficiently
                   persuaded
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   weaker
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   languishing
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   sooner
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   prun'd
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   from
                   it
                   betimes
                   those
                   Branches
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   noisom
                   and
                   useless
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   from
                   it
                   at
                   another
                   time
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   why
                   the
                   Pruning
                   in
                   
                     November
                     ,
                     December
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   January
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   and
                   wholesom
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   these
                   ;
                   and
                   even
                   better
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   February
                   and
                   March.
                   And
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Rule
                   of
                   Contraries
                   ,
                   the
                   stronger
                   and
                   more
                   vigorous
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   longer
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   deferr'd
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   such
                   an
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   only
                   safely
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   very
                   usefully
                   be
                   deferr'd
                   until
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   April
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   advance
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   two
                   Principles
                   ,
                   which
                   appear
                   pretty
                   new
                   :
                   Those
                   that
                   are
                   desirous
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   certain
                   Proof
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   may
                   continue
                   to
                   read
                   what
                   follows
                   :
                   As
                   for
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   willing
                   to
                   rely
                   upon
                   my
                   Word
                   and
                   Experience
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   only
                   desirous
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   Sequel
                   of
                   my
                   manner
                   of
                   Practising
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   skip
                   over
                   the
                   Remainder
                   of
                   this
                   Chapter
                   ,
                   to
                   proceed
                   to
                   that
                   wherein
                   I
                   explain
                   the
                   Reasons
                   why
                   Pruning
                   is
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   establish
                   the
                   two
                   Principles
                   I
                   have
                   heretofore
                   advanc'd
                   ,
                   I
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   two
                   Comparisons
                   ,
                   whereof
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   weak
                   Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   drawn
                   from
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   certain
                   frugal
                   Millers
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   find
                   the
                   Means
                   to
                   manage
                   a
                   Mill
                   that
                   requires
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   .
                   The
                   Second
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   taken
                   from
                   other
                   Millers
                   ,
                   who
                   knowing
                   how
                   dangerous
                   great
                   Streams
                   of
                   Rising
                   Waters
                   are
                   to
                   their
                   Mills
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   Time
                   suffer
                   the
                   Abundance
                   of
                   Water
                   ;
                   which
                   might
                   annoy
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   flow
                   gently
                   by
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Violence
                   of
                   it
                   being
                   over
                   ,
                   they
                   shut
                   their
                   Sluce
                   ,
                   or
                   Water-gate
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   employ
                   the
                   Remainder
                   of
                   their
                   Water
                   ;
                   according
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   expedient
                   for
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   Wheels
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   ply
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Understanding
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   Comparisons
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sap
                   in
                   every
                   Tree
                   appears
                   to
                   me
                   to
                   be
                   partly
                   the
                   same
                   as
                   Water
                   is
                   in
                   every
                   River
                   :
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   ,
                   what
                   Water
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Pipes
                   of
                   spouting
                   Fountains
                   .
                
                 
                   Whether
                   Rivers
                   be
                   large
                   or
                   small
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   still
                   certain
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   beautiful
                   ,
                   provided
                   that
                   the
                   Channel
                   of
                   each
                   ,
                   whatever
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   be
                   commonly
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   Water
                   proportionable
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   miserable
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   no
                   Consideration
                   :
                   So
                   is
                   a
                   Tree
                   likewise
                   esteem'd
                   beautiful
                   ,
                   whatever
                   Size
                   it
                   be
                   of
                   ,
                   (
                   there
                   being
                   both
                   Great
                   and
                   Small
                   ,
                   )
                   provided
                   that
                   Tree
                   yearly
                   produces
                   sufficient
                   fine
                   shoots
                   ;
                   from
                   all
                   its
                   Parts
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   quantity
                   ,
                   proportionable
                   to
                   its
                   present
                   heighth
                   and
                   thickness
                   ,
                   or
                   bulk
                   ;
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   certainly
                   both
                   ugly
                   and
                   miserable
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   while
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   ,
                   the
                   Weather
                   not
                   being
                   so
                   cold
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   freeze
                   the
                   Ground
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   Roots
                   ;
                   for
                   such
                   a
                   Cold
                   stops
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   vegetation
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   case
                   ,
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   Roots
                   ,
                   still
                   produce
                   other
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   still
                   produce
                   a
                   new
                   Sap
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   prove
                   in
                   my
                   Reflections
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   there
                   perpetually
                   rises
                   a
                   Sap
                   ,
                   both
                   into
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   which
                   compose
                   the
                   head
                   or
                   top
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   ,
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   extent
                   of
                   each
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Sap
                   is
                   in
                   it self
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   abounding
                   ;
                   just
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   River
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   Source
                   is
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   ways
                   obstructed
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   flows
                   continually
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   Bed
                   or
                   Channel
                   ,
                   which
                   Art
                   and
                   Nature
                   have
                   provided
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   ,
                   generally
                   into
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   into
                   which
                   it
                   may
                   divide
                   it self
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   into
                   all
                   the
                   Brooks
                   ,
                   or
                   Rivulets
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   form
                   themselves
                   along
                   its
                   course
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   that
                   Water
                   is
                   in
                   it self
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   abounding
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   we
                   find
                   that
                   a
                   Tree
                   has
                   but
                   little
                   vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   produces
                   no
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   having
                   been
                   vigorous
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Years
                   ,
                   it
                   ceases
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   produce
                   no
                   more
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   none
                   but
                   very
                   small
                   and
                   inconsiderable
                   ones
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   Infallible
                   mark
                   ,
                   either
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Source
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   is
                   Naturally
                   weak
                   and
                   small
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   become
                   so
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   being
                   no
                   longer
                   capable
                   of
                   performing
                   any
                   effect
                   in
                   long
                   Branches
                   ,
                   nor
                   in
                   many
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   it
                   being
                   necessary
                   it
                   should
                   produce
                   some
                   for
                   our
                   Profit
                   and
                   Satisfaction
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   betimes
                   ease
                   that
                   Tree
                   of
                   its
                   burthen
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   too
                   great
                   ,
                   considering
                   its
                   want
                   of
                   Strength
                   and
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   consequently
                   betimes
                   ,
                   wholly
                   cut
                   off
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   possibly
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   stop
                   many
                   of
                   those
                   overtures
                   through
                   which
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   did
                   enter
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   being
                   divided
                   into
                   forty
                   boughs
                   seem'd
                   to
                   produce
                   but
                   little
                   effect
                   in
                   each
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   being
                   afterwards
                   contracted
                   ,
                   and
                   distributed
                   into
                   half
                   the
                   quantity
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   found
                   sufficient
                   to
                   perform
                   much
                   greater
                   Productions
                   upon
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   tho'
                   indeed
                   less
                   numerous
                   :
                   It
                   was
                   like
                   a
                   River
                   ,
                   whose
                   Source
                   or
                   Spring
                   ,
                   was
                   either
                   Naturally
                   weak
                   ,
                   or
                   considerably
                   diminish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   that
                   being
                   yet
                   divided
                   into
                   too
                   many
                   Branches
                   ;
                   could
                   not
                   perform
                   any
                   thing
                   considerable
                   in
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   same
                   being
                   industriously
                   contracted
                   ,
                   or
                   reduc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   kept
                   within
                   narrow
                   bounds
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   no
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   lost
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   us'd
                   to
                   be
                   ;
                   is
                   thereby
                   enabl'd
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   turn
                   some
                   Wheel
                   .
                   A
                   Dam
                   ,
                   or
                   Sluce
                   made
                   betimes
                   ,
                   have
                   perform'd
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   what
                   the
                   good
                   Fortune
                   of
                   a
                   more
                   abounding
                   River
                   would
                   have
                   done
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   several
                   Wheels
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Reason
                   has
                   induc'd
                   me
                   to
                   advice
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   weak
                   Trees
                   betimes
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Reason
                   informs
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   will
                   demonstrate
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   convincing
                   Argument
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   these
                   ,
                   must
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Rule
                   of
                   contraries
                   ,
                   serve
                   to
                   direct
                   us
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   be
                   it
                   either
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   later
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   greater
                   burthen
                   upon
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   only
                   have
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   as
                   
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruit
                   commonly
                   grows
                   upon
                   those
                   weak
                   Branches
                   only
                   ;
                   the
                   large
                   ones
                   bear
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   their
                   Function
                   being
                   to
                   perform
                   something
                   else
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   considerable
                   :
                   Thus
                   great
                   Torrents
                   are
                   not
                   fit
                   to
                   grind
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   choak
                   or
                   stop
                   up
                   a
                   Mill
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   break
                   all
                   ;
                   their
                   Function
                   is
                   to
                   serve
                   to
                   other
                   things
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Transportation
                   of
                   Travellers
                   ,
                   Burthens
                   ,
                   Merchandises
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   So
                   that
                   none
                   but
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   moderate
                   ,
                   can
                   be
                   useful
                   for
                   Grinding
                   ;
                   So
                   likewise
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   being
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   generally
                   produces
                   none
                   but
                   large
                   Branches
                   ,
                   especially
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   the
                   Sap
                   rises
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   can
                   begin
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   Now
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   retain
                   a
                   pleasing
                   Figure
                   ;
                   you
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   leave
                   a
                   great
                   burthen
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   certainly
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   something
                   more
                   :
                   And
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   particularly
                   on
                   those
                   extremities
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   new
                   Sap
                   performs
                   most
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   let
                   the
                   heat
                   and
                   fury
                   of
                   its
                   first
                   Action
                   discharge
                   it self
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   Prune
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   later
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   done
                   until
                   the
                   first
                   impetuosity
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   be
                   pass'd
                   ;
                   there
                   will
                   yet
                   remain
                   enough
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   so
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   afterwards
                   shoot
                   out
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   both
                   large
                   Shoots
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   small
                   ones
                   which
                   we
                   desire
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   Not
                   but
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   will
                   shew
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   Expedient
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   even
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   express
                   my self
                   so
                   ,
                   obstinate
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   Expedient
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   go
                   to
                   the
                   Source
                   of
                   their
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   Roots
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   that
                   Vigour
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   weaken'd
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   most
                   working
                   Roots
                   :
                   diminish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   you
                   will
                   diminish
                   the
                   effect
                   which
                   proceeds
                   from
                   several
                   good
                   Labourers
                   ;
                   which
                   acting
                   at
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   produce
                   more
                   Sap
                   than
                   is
                   requir'd
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   Fruit-Tree
                   :
                   For
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   that
                   Tree
                   must
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   intention
                   ,
                   quickly
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   in
                   a
                   constrain'd
                   Figure
                   ,
                   the
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   no
                   wise
                   Natural
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   which
                   it
                   cannot
                   do
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   being
                   over
                   abundant
                   ,
                   produces
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   none
                   but
                   over
                   large
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Experience
                   which
                   every
                   one
                   may
                   acquire
                   in
                   the
                   practice
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   Maxims
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   that
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   weak
                   Trees
                   ;
                   that
                   Experience
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   will
                   perfectly
                   establish
                   them
                   for
                   ever
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   engage
                   that
                   every
                   body
                   will
                   find
                   a
                   benefit
                   by
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   affirm
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   help
                   to
                   all
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   to
                   mannage
                   great
                   Fruit-Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   who
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   ,
                   will
                   Prune
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Trees
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   can
                   do
                   no
                   better
                   than
                   to
                   follow
                   this
                   Advice
                   ,
                   so
                   they
                   appear
                   to
                   me
                   very
                   blame-worthy
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   tarry
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   those
                   decreases
                   of
                   the
                   Moons
                   ,
                   of
                   February
                   and
                   March
                   ,
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   Prune
                   ;
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   time
                   of
                   hurry
                   for
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   work
                   relating
                   to
                   Gard'ners
                   :
                   All
                   comes
                   at
                   once
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ;
                   the
                   Tillage
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   ,
                   the
                   Sowing
                   of
                   most
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   the
                   Budding
                   of
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   the
                   different
                   Beds
                   ,
                   the
                   cleansing
                   of
                   the
                   Walks
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   strange
                   confusion
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   considerable
                   of
                   all
                   Works
                   to
                   do
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   one
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   no
                   small
                   faults
                   can
                   be
                   committed
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   all
                   considerable
                   and
                   pernicious
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   many
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   large
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     Dwarfs
                  
                   and
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   ;
                   without
                   omitting
                   the
                   first
                   pallisading
                   of
                   these
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   in
                   that
                   case
                   ,
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   done
                   in
                   a
                   hurry
                   ,
                   so
                   they
                   are
                   commonly
                   ill
                   enough
                   done
                   :
                   For
                   to
                   speak
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   every
                   thing
                   requiring
                   an
                   equal
                   haste
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   but
                   few
                   to
                   which
                   a
                   Man
                   can
                   give
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   application
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   require
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   did
                   no
                   ways
                   matter
                   the
                   decrease
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   I
                   have
                   not
                   answer'd
                   an
                   Objection
                   which
                   some
                   Gard'ners
                   pretend
                   to
                   be
                   invincible
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   infinitely
                   deceiv'd
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   say
                   they
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Winter
                   Frost
                   may
                   spoil
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   that
                   is
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   
                     so
                     much
                  
                   for
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   ,
                   yet
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   dangerous
                   for
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   pretending
                   that
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   those
                   Trees
                   is
                   very
                   tender
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   pithy
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   only
                   desire
                   those
                   scrupulous
                   Persons
                   ,
                   to
                   lay
                   aside
                   that
                   apprehension
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   assure
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Experiment
                   they
                   will
                   make
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   prejudice
                   ,
                   will
                   fully
                   cure
                   them
                   of
                   their
                   Error
                   ;
                   we
                   have
                   had
                   within
                   these
                   Seven
                   or
                   Eighth
                   Years
                   ,
                   the
                   hardest
                   Winters
                   in
                   the
                   Memory
                   of
                   any
                   Living
                   Man.
                   I
                   had
                   Prun'd
                   my
                   Peach-Trees
                   before
                   that
                   great
                   Cold
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   never
                   found
                   the
                   least
                   inconveniency
                   by
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   fully
                   perswaded
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   safe
                   to
                   Prune
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   the
                   Cold
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   violent
                   ,
                   as
                   personally
                   to
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Pruner
                   ;
                   there
                   are
                   only
                   certain
                   days
                   of
                   white
                   or
                   hoary
                   Frost
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Wood
                   being
                   altogether
                   cover'd
                   with
                   a
                   rimy
                   Frost
                   ,
                   the
                   Pruning-knife
                   ,
                   tho'
                   never
                   so
                   sharp
                   ,
                   cannot
                   cut
                   through
                   it
                   cleverly
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   ,
                   whereas
                   a
                   Man
                   ought
                   to
                   Prune
                   
                   with
                   delight
                   ;
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   well
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   certainly
                   impossible
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   defer
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   until
                   that
                   Frost
                   be
                   altogether
                   melted
                   and
                   gone
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   proper
                   times
                   for
                   Pruning
                   being
                   regulated
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   proceed
                   to
                   something
                   more
                   Material
                   and
                   Curious
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   creditable
                   and
                   Natural
                   for
                   a
                   Workman
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   know
                   certainly
                   ,
                   why
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   what
                   Reason
                   ,
                   he
                   does
                   the
                   Work
                   he
                   is
                   employ'd
                   about
                   ;
                   so
                   I
                   am
                   perswaded
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   stupid
                   ,
                   and
                   below
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   Act
                   barely
                   by
                   Custom
                   ,
                   and
                   Habit
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   fault
                   which
                   is
                   but
                   too
                   common
                   amongst
                   most
                   Gard'ners
                   ;
                   they
                   seldom
                   Prune
                   for
                   any
                   other
                   Reason
                   ,
                   than
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   customary
                   .
                   I
                   am
                   convinc'd
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   indispencible
                   Necessity
                   of
                   knowing
                   something
                   more
                   ;
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   ever
                   to
                   attain
                   to
                   any
                   perfection
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   is
                   an
                   undeniable
                   Truth
                   :
                   I
                   cannot
                   endure
                   that
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   should
                   be
                   puzzl'd
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   quite
                   at
                   a
                   loss
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   body
                   desires
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   Reasons
                   of
                   his
                   Pruning
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   Subject
                   I
                   intend
                   to
                   Treat
                   of
                   in
                   the
                   following
                   Chapter
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Reasons
                     that
                     oblige
                     to
                     Prune
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WE
                   have
                   two
                   principal
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   which
                   Prescribe
                   and
                   Authorise
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   First
                   is
                   ,
                   To
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   greater
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   sooner
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   is
                   ,
                   To
                   render
                   the
                   Tree
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   not
                   Prun'd
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   undeniable
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Leaves
                   that
                   render
                   a
                   Tree
                   beautiful
                   :
                   They
                   are
                   indeed
                   its
                   greatest
                   Ornaments
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   is
                   something
                   more
                   requir'd
                   ;
                   since
                   the
                   Fruit
                   not
                   remaining
                   upon
                   it
                   all
                   the
                   Year
                   round
                   ,
                   it
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   stript
                   of
                   those
                   Adornments
                   ,
                   or
                   is
                   not
                   yet
                   old
                   enough
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   all
                   ;
                   it
                   may
                   at
                   least
                   be
                   compos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   shap'd
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   delight
                   the
                   Eye
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   that
                   which
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   importance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   renders
                   a
                   Tree
                   pleasing
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   is
                   nothing
                   but
                   the
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   a
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   can
                   give
                   to
                   it
                   :
                   And
                   whereas
                   we
                   have
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   particularly
                   we
                   Exercise
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   and
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   establish
                   good
                   Principles
                   to
                   proceed
                   prudently
                   upon
                   both
                   :
                   Those
                   Principles
                   relate
                   particularly
                   to
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   we
                   cannot
                   have
                   beautiful
                   Dwarfs
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   Infallible
                   ,
                   to
                   attain
                   to
                   a
                   perfection
                   in
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   whole
                   Mystery
                   of
                   that
                   Operation
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   discover'd
                   in
                   the
                   Chapters
                   that
                   Treat
                   of
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   
                     Pruning
                     Dwarfs
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   being
                   no
                   other
                   Rules
                   for
                   the
                   one
                   than
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   first
                   ,
                   That
                   for
                   those
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   granted
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Figures
                   being
                   so
                   opposite
                   the
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   the
                   Beauty
                   consequently
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   so
                   too
                   ,
                   therefore
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   in
                   what
                   ,
                   particularly
                   ,
                   I
                   faney
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   two
                   different
                   kind
                   of
                   Beauties
                   may
                   consist
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   compare
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   respect
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   skilful
                   Carver
                   ;
                   For
                   as
                   the
                   latter
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   which
                   fills
                   his
                   Imagination
                   ,
                   ought
                   at
                   first
                   sight
                   ,
                   to
                   behold
                   in
                   his
                   Marble
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   he
                   designs
                   to
                   work
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   behold
                   distinctly
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   every
                   particular
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   compos'd
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   an
                   Understanding
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   he
                   shall
                   have
                   fram'd
                   to
                   himself
                   of
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   ,
                   must
                   at
                   a
                   view
                   behold
                   whatever
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   any
                   Tree
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   beautifie
                   it
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   preserve
                   it
                   in
                   its
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   has
                   acquir'd
                   it
                   ;
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   to
                   render
                   it
                   useful
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   where
                   the
                   Fruit
                   shall
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   shall
                   produce
                   it
                   ;
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   as
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   Carver
                   draws
                   back
                   from
                   his
                   Work
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   whether
                   he
                   has
                   perform'd
                   or
                   executed
                   his
                   Thought
                   well
                   ;
                   so
                   a
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   in
                   Pruning
                   his
                   Tree
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   draw
                   back
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   whether
                   he
                   has
                   really
                   hit
                   upon
                   the
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   he
                   designs
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   before
                   we
                   enter
                   into
                   the
                   explication
                   of
                   that
                   Idea
                   ,
                   or
                   Notion
                   of
                   Beauty
                   in
                   Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   remember
                   ,
                   That
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   in
                   my
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   but
                   few
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   call'd
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   Naturally
                   remain
                   
                     Low
                     ,
                     Dwarfish
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   Creeping
                   enough
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   make
                   regular
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   yet
                   less
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   Wall-Trees
                   :
                   All
                   Trees
                   ,
                   following
                   the
                   Inclination
                   which
                   Nature
                   has
                   given
                   them
                   ,
                   endeavour
                   
                   to
                   rise
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   't
                   is
                   only
                   the
                   Industry
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   opposing
                   the
                   Course
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   hinders
                   them
                   from
                   forming
                   long
                   Stems
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   growing
                   Tall.
                   
                
                 
                   These
                   Gard'ners
                   knowing
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   Sap
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   form
                   those
                   Stems
                   ,
                   lies
                   partly
                   in
                   the
                   Trees
                   ;
                   much
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   water
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   form
                   the
                   Spouts
                   of
                   Water-Works
                   ,
                   lies
                   in
                   the
                   Pipes
                   :
                   They
                   have
                   concluded
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   stopp'd
                   the
                   Passage
                   which
                   carries
                   this
                   Sap
                   upwards
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   by
                   short'ning
                   the
                   Stems
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   wou'd
                   be
                   no
                   further
                   likelyhood
                   of
                   its
                   growing
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Standard
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   that
                   Sap
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   motion
                   ,
                   or
                   strives
                   to
                   get
                   out
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   possibility
                   of
                   being
                   prevented
                   ,
                   finding
                   no
                   longer
                   a
                   passage
                   to
                   rise
                   up
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   ought
                   ,
                   will
                   discharge
                   it self
                   at
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   its
                   Course
                   has
                   been
                   interrupted
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   produce
                   the
                   same
                   effect
                   there
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   have
                   done
                   higher
                   ,
                   had
                   it
                   had
                   the
                   liberty
                   of
                   ascending
                   further
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   this
                   Sap
                   springing
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   by
                   many
                   Overtures
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   already
                   actually
                   form'd
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   by
                   or
                   through
                   others
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   make
                   it self
                   ,
                   proportionably
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   abundant
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   to
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   left
                   a
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   fine
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   now
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   that
                   is
                   shorten'd
                   be
                   Planted
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   fine
                   Dwarf
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   near
                   any
                   Wall
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   fine
                   Wall-Tree
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   also
                   explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   
                     Treatise
                     of
                     Plantations
                  
                   what
                   is
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   there
                   shewn
                   what
                   was
                   the
                   Intention
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   first
                   made
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   what
                   use
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   to
                   us
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   likewise
                   declar'd
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Walls
                   are
                   high
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   Plant
                   Long
                   Body'd
                   Trees
                   to
                   garnish
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   instead
                   of
                   leaving
                   them
                   there
                   the
                   liberty
                   of
                   forming
                   a
                   round
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   wou'd
                   do
                   were
                   they
                   left
                   at
                   liberty
                   ,
                   their
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   constrain'd
                   ,
                   like
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   will
                   demonstrate
                   ;
                   after
                   having
                   first
                   explain'd
                   wherein
                   the
                   Beauty
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   does
                   consist
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   and
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Idea
                     of
                     Beauty
                     which
                     the
                     Dwarfs
                     Require
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   requires
                   two
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   of
                   the
                   Head
                   :
                   According
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Condition
                   ,
                   Dwarfs
                   must
                   be
                   low
                   Stem
                   ;
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   have
                   an
                   open
                   Head
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   free
                   from
                   thick
                   Branches
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ;
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   round
                   in
                   its
                   Circumference
                   ,
                   and
                   equally
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   good
                   Branches
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   more
                   particularly
                   hereafter
                   what
                   I
                   mean
                   by
                   that
                   Opening
                   of
                   the
                   Middle
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   I
                   shall
                   give
                   Directions
                   how
                   to
                   attain
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   a
                   Man
                   must
                   have
                   a
                   right
                   apprehension
                   of
                   the
                   four
                   Conditions
                   of
                   that
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   fully
                   perswaded
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   understand
                   usefully
                   my
                   Maxims
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   grow
                   Skilful
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   he
                   approves
                   them
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   willing
                   to
                   Practise
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   nothing
                   as
                   yet
                   of
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   the
                   Head
                   of
                   those
                   Dwarfs
                   ;
                   it
                   depends
                   on
                   the
                   Age
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   being
                   low
                   in
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   yet
                   young
                   ,
                   and
                   rising
                   in
                   all
                   according
                   as
                   they
                   grow
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   I
                   wou'd
                   not
                   willingly
                   have
                   it
                   exceed
                   Six
                   or
                   Seven
                   Foot
                   :
                   It
                   being
                   better
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Trees
                   shou'd
                   grow
                   in
                   extent
                   of
                   Circumference
                   ,
                   and
                   Breadth
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   let
                   them
                   rise
                   high
                   .
                   The
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   Sight
                   ,
                   which
                   dreads
                   whatever
                   Limits
                   it
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Persecution
                   of
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   easily
                   beats
                   down
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   High
                   Trees
                   ,
                   makes
                   me
                   fix
                   to
                   that
                   measure
                   .
                   As
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   is
                   incomparably
                   more
                   difficult
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   contains
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   more
                   Rules
                   than
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   I
                   will
                   begin
                   with
                   that
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Idea
                     of
                     Beauty
                     which
                     Wall-Trees
                     require
                     ;
                     together
                     with
                     the
                     Maxims
                     of
                     Pallisading
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   TO
                   advance
                   our
                   Wall-Trees
                   to
                   that
                   perfection
                   of
                   Beauty
                   which
                   best
                   becomes
                   them
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   our
                   particular
                   care
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   each
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   spreading
                   over
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   garnish
                   ;
                   must
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   stretch'd
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   equally
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   both
                   on
                   the
                   right
                   and
                   lest
                   ;
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   whole
                   extent
                   ,
                   taking
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   place
                   ,
                   whence
                   they
                   severally
                   proceed
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   all
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   their
                   heighth
                   and
                   roundness
                   ,
                   no
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   may
                   appear
                   thinner
                   or
                   fuller
                   than
                   another
                   ;
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   first
                   sight
                   ,
                   one
                   may
                   distinctly
                   see
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   compose
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   ,
                   to
                   tell
                   them
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   if
                   so
                   minded
                   :
                   Thinness
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   imperfection
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   fulness
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   fault
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   ;
                   when
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   my
                   Wall-Trees
                   full
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   mean
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   full
                   of
                   ill
                   Branches
                   ,
                   old
                   ,
                   worn
                   ,
                   or
                   useless
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   ignorant
                   Persons
                   affect
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   ;
                   neither
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   in
                   desiring
                   my
                   Dwarfs
                   to
                   be
                   open
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   would
                   I
                   have
                   them
                   empty
                   ,
                   like
                   the
                   inside
                   of
                   a
                   Glass
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   I
                   do
                   particularly
                   desire
                   all
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   mindful
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   Ideas
                   of
                   Beauty
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   certainly
                   disagreeable
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   their
                   Branches
                   crossing
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   avoided
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   thinness
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   is
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   defect
                   the
                   most
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   avoid
                   it
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   for
                   that
                   Reason
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   have
                   it
                   allow'd
                   ,
                   nay
                   and
                   order'd
                   too
                   ,
                   to
                   run
                   them
                   over
                   one
                   another
                   in
                   some
                   occasions
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   for
                   the
                   great
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   alone
                   the
                   foundation
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   sometimes
                   drawn
                   over
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   small
                   ones
                   over
                   them
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   impossible
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   danger
                   of
                   falling
                   into
                   the
                   disagreeable
                   inconvenience
                   of
                   that
                   unlucky
                   Barrenness
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   little
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   look
                   upon
                   here
                   ,
                   as
                   Temporary
                   Branches
                   ;
                   are
                   commonly
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   that
                   must
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   ,
                   why
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   carefully
                   and
                   preciously
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   given
                   that
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   infallibly
                   perish
                   ;
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   soon
                   retrench'd
                   from
                   our
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   they
                   will
                   soon
                   supercede
                   the
                   reproach
                   of
                   crossing
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   drawn
                   upon
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   shall
                   thereby
                   be
                   freed
                   from
                   another
                   reproach
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   much
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   want
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   So
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   crossing
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   there
                   be
                   an
                   absolute
                   necessity
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   when
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   avoided
                   ,
                   I
                   condemn
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   either
                   through
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   or
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   have
                   thereby
                   destroy'd
                   the
                   agreeable
                   Simetry
                   their
                   Wall-Trees
                   might
                   have
                   had
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   only
                   way
                   of
                   giving
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Trees
                   the
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   speaking
                   of
                   ,
                   is
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   every
                   Tree
                   being
                   compos'd
                   of
                   two
                   Parts
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   call'd
                   the
                   Stock
                   or
                   Stem
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   the
                   Branches
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   certainly
                   upon
                   those
                   two
                   parts
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Pruning
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   much
                   more
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   than
                   upon
                   the
                   Stem
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   chiefly
                   in
                   Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   several
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   very
                   different
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   all
                   having
                   their
                   particular
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   or
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   and
                   among
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   to
                   remain
                   whole
                   ;
                   so
                   consequently
                   ,
                   there
                   must
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   care
                   taken
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   well
                   mannaging
                   of
                   them
                   both
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   think
                   my self
                   indispensably
                   oblig'd
                   ,
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   unravel
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   distinctions
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   among
                   those
                   Branches
                   ;
                   or
                   otherwise
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   possible
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Maxims
                   I
                   design
                   to
                   establish
                   for
                   Pruning
                   well
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   must
                   take
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   as
                   People
                   do
                   in
                   Teaching
                   to
                   Read
                   :
                   The
                   First
                   thing
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   learn
                   the
                   Letters
                   of
                   the
                   Alphabet
                   :
                   The
                   Second
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   use
                   those
                   Letters
                   ,
                   to
                   joyn
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   together
                   ,
                   to
                   form
                   sillables
                   ;
                   And
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   the
                   Third
                   ,
                   to
                   Learn
                   the
                   Union
                   of
                   many
                   Sillables
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   whole
                   Words
                   ;
                   and
                   these
                   Words
                   following
                   each
                   other
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   compose
                   both
                   the
                   Line
                   and
                   Page
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   will
                   I
                   first
                   Teach
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   understand
                   well
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   giving
                   them
                   Names
                   that
                   may
                   express
                   what
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Use
                   and
                   peculiar
                   Function
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   several
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   
                   may
                   render
                   the
                   Trees
                   Beautiful
                   ,
                   and
                   dispose
                   them
                   soon
                   to
                   yield
                   abundance
                   of
                   good
                   Fruit.
                   Perhaps
                   on
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   this
                   Comparison
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   say
                   ;
                   that
                   as
                   in
                   Reading
                   ,
                   Words
                   are
                   only
                   form'd
                   by
                   the
                   Reciprocal
                   Function
                   of
                   the
                   Vowels
                   and
                   Consonants
                   ;
                   so
                   our
                   Trees
                   only
                   become
                   Beautiful
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   have
                   at
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   a
                   reasonable
                   proportion
                   of
                   Wood
                   and
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   Vowels
                   ,
                   or
                   Consonants
                   asunder
                   ,
                   can
                   form
                   no
                   Words
                   ,
                   or
                   Discourse
                   ;
                   neither
                   can
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Fruit-Branches
                   asunder
                   ,
                   compose
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   Fruit-Tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Branches
                     in
                     General
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   RIghtly
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Doctrine
                   of
                   Branches
                   ;
                   Five
                   material
                   Things
                   must
                   be
                   observ'd
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   they
                   compose
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   they
                   sprout
                   out
                   of
                   two
                   parts
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   some
                   shoot
                   directly
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   main
                   body
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   are
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   stil'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Elder
                   ,
                   or
                   Mothers
                   ;
                   their
                   number
                   is
                   not
                   considerable
                   ;
                   the
                   others
                   afterwards
                   are
                   produc'd
                   by
                   these
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   the
                   Daughters
                   of
                   these
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branches
                   :
                   The
                   number
                   of
                   these
                   last
                   is
                   infinite
                   ;
                   for
                   successively
                   in
                   their
                   turns
                   ,
                   they
                   become
                   every
                   one
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   many
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   must
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   from
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   ,
                   there
                   yearly
                   grow
                   new
                   ones
                   at
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   strength
                   or
                   weakness
                   of
                   that
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   call
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   new
                   ones
                   it
                   produceth
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   observe
                   that
                   these
                   new
                   Branches
                   grow
                   in
                   two
                   different
                   manners
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   in
                   a
                   Regular
                   Order
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   frequent
                   ;
                   the
                   others
                   in
                   an
                   Irregular
                   Order
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   least
                   common
                   ,
                   and
                   least
                   frequent
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Order
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   produce
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   tho'
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   issue
                   from
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   one
                   that
                   is
                   more
                   Ancient
                   ,
                   whether
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   notwithstanding
                   regularly
                   all
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   length
                   ;
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   are
                   always
                   both
                   thicker
                   and
                   longer
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   immediately
                   under
                   them
                   ,
                   drawing
                   nearer
                   to
                   the
                   Body
                   :
                   I
                   said
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   produces
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   brings
                   forth
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   the
                   Daughter
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   proves
                   as
                   large
                   as
                   the
                   Mother
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   very
                   good
                   ;
                   when
                   that
                   Mother
                   yields
                   two
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   grown
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   or
                   highest
                   ,
                   is
                   thicker
                   and
                   longer
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   grown
                   immediately
                   beneath
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   name
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   or
                   lowest
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   produces
                   three
                   ,
                   four
                   ,
                   five
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   As
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   is
                   thicker
                   and
                   longer
                   than
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   second
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   exceeds
                   the
                   third
                   ,
                   the
                   third
                   the
                   fourth
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   quantity
                   of
                   new
                   Branches
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   may
                   produce
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figures
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   judge
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Order
                   which
                   is
                   least
                   Common
                   ,
                   and
                   worst
                   in
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Common
                   Order
                   is
                   inverted
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   weak
                   ones
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   there
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   thick
                   ones
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   large
                   ones
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   weak
                   ,
                   and
                   where
                   perhaps
                   there
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   none
                   ;
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   Branches
                   mark'd
                   with
                   a
                   *
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   to
                   know
                   whence
                   the
                   Branches
                   proceed
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Order
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   come
                   forth
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   requisite
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   fourth
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   that
                   greater
                   or
                   smaller
                   number
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   depends
                   upon
                   the
                   force
                   or
                   weakness
                   of
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   ;
                   I
                   think
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   make
                   my self
                   the
                   better
                   understood
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sit
                   to
                   call
                   those
                   strong
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   thick
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   call
                   those
                   weak
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   small
                   ;
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   having
                   their
                   Functions
                   Regulated
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Degrees
                   of
                   Force
                   ,
                   or
                   Weakness
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   seldom
                   incroach
                   upon
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   being
                   wholly
                   apply'd
                   to
                   the
                   discharge
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Duty
                   which
                   Nature
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   impos'd
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   forming
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   place
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   note
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   Material
                   Point
                   ;
                   that
                   among
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   whether
                   strong
                   or
                   weak
                   ;
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   real
                   Character
                   of
                   good
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   :
                   There
                   are
                   likewise
                   some
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   real
                   Character
                   of
                   bad
                   ones
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   a
                   Name
                   of
                   Reprobation
                   is
                   given
                   them
                   :
                   In
                   regularity
                   ,
                   almost
                   all
                   these
                   last
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   expell'd
                   ;
                   let
                   us
                   observe
                   how
                   to
                   distinguish
                   the
                   one
                   certainly
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Different
                     Situations
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Branches
                     produced
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     by
                     a
                     Tree
                     newly
                     planted
                  
                
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     know
                     the
                     difference
                     of
                     Good
                     and
                     Ill
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WE
                   have
                   two
                   Certain
                   and
                   Infallible
                   marks
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   certainly
                   to
                   distinguish
                   the
                   good
                   and
                   ill
                   Branches
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   either
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   still
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   cut
                   off
                   :
                   The
                   one
                   depends
                   upon
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   their
                   Scituation
                   ,
                   and
                   Original
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   from
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   their
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   that
                   every
                   body
                   knows
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   Eyes
                   upon
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   little
                   knotty
                   places
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   elevated
                   above
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Bark
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   upon
                   those
                   little
                   places
                   that
                   the
                   Leaves
                   are
                   actually
                   fix'd
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   seen
                   there
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   time
                   ;
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   some
                   have
                   been
                   fix'd
                   there
                   some
                   time
                   before
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   either
                   have
                   dropt
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   have
                   been
                   taken
                   off
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   we
                   learn
                   by
                   that
                   difference
                   of
                   Scituation
                   ,
                   and
                   Original
                   ,
                   is
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Branches
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   must
                   absolutely
                   ,
                   and
                   only
                   proceed
                   from
                   the
                   extremities
                   of
                   those
                   which
                   were
                   remaining
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   were
                   form'd
                   in
                   the
                   last
                   year
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   years
                   before
                   ;
                   or
                   likewise
                   whether
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   as
                   is
                   Customary
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ;
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   in
                   Standard-Trees
                   .
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   only
                   speak
                   here
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   granted
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   tho'
                   never
                   so
                   Old
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   Season
                   of
                   the
                   last
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   New
                   Branches
                   must
                   proceed
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   what
                   we
                   gather
                   from
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Scituation
                   ,
                   and
                   Original
                   of
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   those
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   must
                   have
                   been
                   produc'd
                   in
                   the
                   most
                   ordinary
                   and
                   most
                   common
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   thence
                   two
                   things
                   must
                   be
                   concluded
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   any
                   Branch
                   which
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   grown
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   form'd
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Summer
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   taken
                   shorter
                   at
                   the
                   last
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   proceeds
                   from
                   any
                   other
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   be
                   it
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   other
                   Old
                   Branch
                   ,
                   that
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   :
                   I
                   say
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   concluded
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   of
                   whatever
                   size
                   ,
                   thick
                   or
                   small
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   ill
                   Branch
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   will
                   demonstrate
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   what
                   must
                   be
                   concluded
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   any
                   Branch
                   which
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   grown
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   being
                   either
                   thicker
                   or
                   longer
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   immediately
                   beneath
                   it
                   ,
                   drawing
                   towards
                   the
                   Superiour
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   it
                   must
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   be
                   concluded
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   is
                   likewise
                   nought
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   for
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   that
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   
                     false
                     wood
                  
                   has
                   been
                   made
                   ,
                   to
                   express
                   that
                   those
                   Branches
                   are
                   incapable
                   of
                   performing
                   what
                   we
                   desire
                   ;
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   altogether
                   in
                   a
                   different
                   manner
                   from
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   .
                   We
                   will
                   set
                   down
                   particular
                   Maxims
                   to
                   that
                   effect
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   whereas
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   it
                   sufficient
                   to
                   have
                   methinks
                   ,
                   pretty
                   intelligibly
                   explain'd
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   grounded
                   upon
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   their
                   Scituation
                   ,
                   and
                   Original
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   moreover
                   explain
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   founded
                   upon
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   their
                   Eyes
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Mark
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   ones
                   by
                   that
                   difference
                   of
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   requires
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   extent
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   ,
                   the
                   Eyes
                   should
                   be
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   fed
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   close
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   mark
                   of
                   the
                   bad
                   ones
                   by
                   those
                   same
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   such
                   Branches
                   those
                   Eyes
                   are
                   flat
                   ,
                   ill
                   fed
                   ,
                   and
                   hardly
                   form'd
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   distant
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   two
                   different
                   Marks
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   by
                   Situations
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   are
                   easily
                   known
                   in
                   the
                   Figures
                   annex'd
                   hereunto
                   
                     A.
                     B.
                  
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   ill
                   ones
                   are
                   mark'd
                   with
                   a
                   *
                   .
                
                 
                   You
                   may
                   see
                   both
                   very
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   bad
                   ones
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   among
                   the
                   thick
                   and
                   strong
                   ones
                   ,
                   as
                   among
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   small
                   and
                   feeble
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   these
                   ,
                   their
                   weakness
                   ,
                   is
                   sometimes
                   so
                   excessive
                   ,
                   that
                   like
                   sapless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   incapable
                   of
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   of
                   nourishing
                   and
                   sustaining
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   wholly
                   taken
                   off
                   from
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   from
                   the
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   not
                   tack'd
                   ;
                   because
                   that
                   to
                   do
                   well
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   suffer
                   nothing
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   good
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   those
                   which
                   being
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   mean
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   length
                   ,
                   are
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   proper
                   and
                   certain
                   Instruments
                   to
                   produce
                   Speedy
                   ,
                   Beautiful
                   and
                   Good
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   infallibly
                   so
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Frost
                   spoils
                   nothing
                   ,
                   either
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   or
                   soon
                   after
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   knit
                   ;
                   for
                   such
                   Branches
                   seldom
                   fail
                   of
                   producing
                   
                   Blossom-Buds
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   cannot
                   possibly
                   serve
                   to
                   any
                   end
                   but
                   yielding
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   unless
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Natural
                   and
                   Common
                   Order
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   they
                   shou'd
                   happen
                   to
                   have
                   certain
                   overflowings
                   of
                   Sap
                   to
                   thicken
                   them
                   in
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   manner
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   so
                   alter
                   their
                   Property
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   convert
                   them
                   into
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ;
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   particulaely
                   in
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   ill
                   Prun'd
                   :
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   ,
                   what
                   Method
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   us'd
                   in
                   such
                   Occasions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   good
                   strong
                   Branches
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Principal
                   Use
                   is
                   first
                   to
                   begin
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   continue
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   Trees
                   a
                   proper
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   can
                   receive
                   by
                   no
                   other
                   means
                   ,
                   are
                   particularly
                   employ'd
                   in
                   producing
                   yearly
                   on
                   their
                   Extremities
                   other
                   good
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   some
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   weak
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   A.
                   And
                   the
                   great
                   Skill
                   of
                   the
                   Gardner
                   consists
                   in
                   making
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   of
                   both
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   material
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   good
                   weak
                   ones
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   peculiar
                   End
                   of
                   Fruit-Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   work
                   prudently
                   to
                   mannage
                   our
                   Operations
                   upon
                   the
                   good
                   strong
                   ones
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   requisite
                   to
                   preserve
                   on
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   every
                   Old
                   Branch
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   new
                   strong
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   grown
                   there
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   commonly
                   extends
                   but
                   to
                   a
                   small
                   Number
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   to
                   one
                   only
                   ;
                   and
                   sometimes
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   being
                   extraordinarily
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   extend
                   to
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   ;
                   as
                   I
                   will
                   demonstrate
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   in
                   explaining
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   very
                   good
                   Reasons
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   too
                   many
                   were
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   we
                   shou'd
                   certainly
                   fall
                   into
                   the
                   inconvenience
                   of
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   which
                   inconvenience
                   spoils
                   the
                   whole
                   disposition
                   towards
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   chiefly
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Skill
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   how
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   entirely
                   all
                   the
                   useless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   worn
                   or
                   spent
                   ,
                   or
                   because
                   they
                   have
                   no
                   good
                   qualifications
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   concerning
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   how
                   to
                   regulate
                   their
                   length
                   proportionably
                   to
                   their
                   Force
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   afterwards
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   produce
                   on
                   its
                   Extremity
                   just
                   as
                   many
                   good
                   Branches
                   as
                   are
                   necessary
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   perfecting
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   preserving
                   it
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   establish'd
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   what
                   we
                   call
                   the
                   Common
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Explication
                     of
                     the
                     Words
                     of
                     Strong
                     and
                     Strength
                     ,
                     of
                     Weak
                     and
                     Weakness
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WHereas
                   in
                   this
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Necessity
                   oblig'd
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   frequently
                   of
                   the
                   Words
                   of
                   Strong
                   and
                   Strength
                   ,
                   of
                   Weak
                   and
                   Weakness
                   ;
                   which
                   Words
                   bear
                   a
                   double
                   meaning
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   might
                   puzzle
                   the
                   Reader
                   ;
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   enter
                   into
                   the
                   particulars
                   of
                   that
                   matter
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   short
                   Account
                   of
                   the
                   Sence
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   take
                   and
                   use
                   them
                   ;
                   I
                   must
                   omit
                   nothing
                   of
                   what
                   may
                   help
                   me
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   ambiguity
                   which
                   those
                   Terms
                   might
                   create
                   in
                   my
                   Maxims
                   .
                   Lest
                   that
                   not
                   being
                   well
                   understood
                   ,
                   being
                   Paradoxes
                   ,
                   they
                   might
                   not
                   at
                   first
                   meet
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   approbation
                   I
                   could
                   wish
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   hope
                   to
                   procure
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   sequel
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   ever
                   then
                   I
                   speak
                   here
                   ,
                   of
                   strong
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   strong
                   Roots
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   hinted
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   thick
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   ,
                   speaking
                   of
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   small
                   :
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   a
                   strong
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   a
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   produces
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   fine
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   a
                   weak
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   a
                   languishing
                   Tree
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   yields
                   but
                   very
                   few
                   shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   all
                   small
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   agreed
                   on
                   ,
                   and
                   conformably
                   to
                   the
                   Sence
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   words
                   of
                   Strong
                   and
                   Strength
                   ,
                   of
                   Weak
                   and
                   Weakness
                   ,
                   are
                   commonly
                   taken
                   ,
                   when
                   us'd
                   in
                   speaking
                   sometimes
                   of
                   Animals
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   of
                   Timber
                   to
                   Build
                   with
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   burthens
                   they
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   bear
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   strong
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   short
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   thick
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   weak
                   ones
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   long
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   small
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Roots
                   ,
                   I
                   prescribe
                   a
                   clean
                   contrary
                   Method
                   from
                   the
                   Branches
                   ;
                   for
                   we
                   must
                   keep
                   them
                   short
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   weak
                   and
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   thick
                   ,
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   better
                   nourish'd
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   longer●
                   ;
                   as
                   I
                   explain
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   I
                   give
                   directions
                   for
                   preparing
                   Trees
                   to
                   Plant.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   likewise
                   call
                   
                     Apple-Trees
                     ,
                     graffed
                  
                   upon
                   Paradice-Stocks
                   ,
                   weak
                   Trees
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   early
                   
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     graffed
                  
                   upon
                   common
                   Cherry-Stocks
                   ;
                   as
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   graffed
                   upon
                   free
                   Stocks
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   upon
                   good
                   Wildlings
                   ,
                   are
                   strong
                   and
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   these
                   
                   being
                   really
                   capable
                   '
                   of
                   producing
                   and
                   bearing
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   but
                   very
                   little
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   in
                   that
                   Sense
                   ,
                   that
                   after
                   having
                   regulated
                   of
                   what
                   thickness
                   partly
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   each
                   kind
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   chosen
                   and
                   Planted
                   by
                   a
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   observing
                   the
                   difference
                   between
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   that
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   such
                   a
                   Pear-Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   a
                   Peach-Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   find
                   a
                   fitting
                   thickness
                   ,
                   is
                   strong
                   enough
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   Planted
                   :
                   I
                   say
                   likewise
                   that
                   another
                   Tree
                   of
                   that
                   Kind
                   ,
                   being
                   of
                   an
                   excessive
                   thickness
                   ,
                   is
                   too
                   strong
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   another
                   of
                   that
                   Kind
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   that
                   necessary
                   thickness
                   is
                   wanting
                   ,
                   is
                   too
                   weak
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   in
                   that
                   Sense
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   truly
                   be
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   which
                   grow
                   slowly
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   grow
                   extream
                   Tall
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Weakest
                   ;
                   witness
                   the
                   Quince-Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   Elder
                   ,
                   the
                   Medlar
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   Hazzle
                   ,
                   or
                   Nut-Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Paradice
                     Apple-Tree
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   maintain
                   two
                   things
                   more
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Sense
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   that
                   the
                   weak
                   Branch
                   which
                   is
                   full
                   of
                   Buds
                   ,
                   be
                   however
                   strong
                   enough
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   its
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   too
                   weak
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   break
                   under
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   maintain
                   that
                   no
                   more
                   must
                   be
                   left
                   upon
                   each
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   strength
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   to
                   bear
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   thing
                   I
                   maintain
                   ,
                   relates
                   particularly
                   to
                   the
                   Graffs
                   that
                   are
                   made
                   Cleft-wise
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   being
                   small
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   Graffing
                   ,
                   becomes
                   afterwards
                   much
                   thicker
                   than
                   before
                   ,
                   methinks
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   hard
                   forbearing
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   grown
                   the
                   stronger
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   there
                   being
                   no
                   likelyhood
                   of
                   maintaining
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   thicker
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   weaker
                   it
                   is
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   saying
                   ,
                   to
                   explain
                   the
                   signification
                   of
                   those
                   words
                   Strong
                   and
                   
                     Strength
                     ,
                     Weak
                  
                   and
                   Weakness
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   sence
                   ,
                   be
                   usefully
                   employ'd
                   ,
                   and
                   distinctly
                   understood
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   among
                   these
                   Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   yearly
                   produce
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   few
                   small
                   ones
                   :
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   produce
                   a
                   reasonable
                   number
                   of
                   both
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   grow
                   but
                   little
                   either
                   from
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   Head
                   ;
                   That
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   produce
                   but
                   few
                   new
                   Roots
                   under
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   those
                   all
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   few
                   new
                   Branches
                   above
                   ground
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   likewise
                   almost
                   all
                   short
                   and
                   small
                   ;
                   which
                   are
                   consequently
                   far
                   from
                   appearing
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   say
                   commonly
                   ,
                   Fine
                   ,
                   Strong
                   ,
                   and
                   Vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   look
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   express
                   my self
                   so
                   ,
                   Sick
                   ,
                   and
                   Languishing
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Production
                   of
                   different
                   Branches
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   the
                   Work
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   perform'd
                   innocently
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   dependance
                   on
                   the
                   Reasonings
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   ;
                   and
                   tho'
                   this
                   Production
                   has
                   not
                   been
                   the
                   work
                   of
                   the
                   Meditation
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   has
                   furnish'd
                   him
                   a
                   fair
                   Subject
                   to
                   work
                   upon
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   pretend
                   to
                   have
                   drawn
                   great
                   Instructions
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   Cultivating
                   and
                   Management
                   of
                   our
                   Fruit-Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   Being
                   then
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Parts
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   are
                   Compos'd
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   receive
                   an
                   equal
                   quantity
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   since
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   not
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   length
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   some
                   being
                   considerably
                   thicker
                   ,
                   and
                   harder
                   to
                   break
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   stronger
                   than
                   others
                   their
                   Neighbours
                   :
                   Being
                   likewise
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Trees
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   considerably
                   smaller
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   easie
                   to
                   break
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   weaker
                   than
                   other
                   Neighbouring
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   moreover
                   certain
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   heretofore
                   offer'd
                   ,
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   observ'd
                   (
                   which
                   perhaps
                   few
                   had
                   done
                   before
                   me
                   )
                   I
                   say
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   very
                   seldom
                   Fruit-Buds
                   form
                   themselves
                   upon
                   thick
                   and
                   strong
                   Branches
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   if
                   a
                   Pear-Tree
                   produce
                   none
                   but
                   such
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   commonly
                   bear
                   no
                   Pears
                   ;
                   whereas
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   the
                   small
                   and
                   weak
                   Branches
                   produce
                   generally
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   sometimes
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Tree
                   all
                   one
                   side
                   appears
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   Pining
                   ,
                   in
                   not
                   having
                   produc'd
                   any
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   but
                   very
                   weak
                   ones
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   observable
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   side
                   grows
                   ordinarily
                   full
                   of
                   Fruit-buds
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   other
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fine
                   Branches
                   appears
                   very
                   Healthy
                   and
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   produces
                   but
                   very
                   few
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Observation
                   has
                   put
                   me
                   upon
                   performing
                   two
                   Operations
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   very
                   successful
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   Fruit-Tree
                   remains
                   several
                   years
                   without
                   producing
                   hardly
                   any
                   thing
                   besides
                   these
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   thickness
                   and
                   length
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   bears
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit
                   :
                   In
                   that
                   case
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   no
                   better
                   and
                   readier
                   way
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   Fruitful
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   the
                   extraordinary
                   Pruning
                   I
                   have
                   mention'd
                   heretofore
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   by
                   applying
                   my self
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   to
                   the
                   Source
                   or
                   Spring
                   of
                   that
                   Force
                   and
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   diminish
                   their
                   Action
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   I
                   lay
                   open
                   half
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   wholly
                   take
                   away
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   sometimes
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   thickest
                   and
                   most
                   active
                   Roots
                   I
                   meet
                   with
                   ,
                   and
                   retrench
                   them
                   so
                   well
                   from
                   the
                   Place
                   where
                   they
                   grow
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   does
                   not
                   remain
                   the
                   least
                   part
                   capable
                   of
                   performing
                   the
                   least
                   Function
                   of
                   a
                   Root
                   ;
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   I
                   prevent
                   the
                   Luxuriance
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   render
                   the
                   whole
                   Head
                   less
                   Vigorous
                   ;
                   whence
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   Shoots
                   less
                   of
                   these
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   it
                   is
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   Operation
                   is
                   that
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   a
                   Branch
                   shoots
                   out
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   thickness
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   ordinary
                   Course
                   of
                   an
                   old
                   Planted
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Years
                   of
                   Graffing
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   consequently
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   evident
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   will
                   be
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   very
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   no
                   Disposition
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   this
                   being
                   grounded
                   upon
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   its
                   Strength
                   ,
                   or
                   Thickness
                   ,
                   which
                   proceeds
                   from
                   too
                   great
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   case
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   willing
                   so
                   to
                   do
                   ;
                   to
                   divide
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   call
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   Torrent
                   of
                   Sap
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   instead
                   that
                   its
                   whole
                   Tendency
                   was
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   a
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   would
                   he
                   of
                   no
                   Use
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   reduce
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   oblige
                   it
                   to
                   make
                   several
                   very
                   good
                   ones
                   ,
                   whereof
                   one
                   part
                   will
                   be
                   weak
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   sufficiently
                   thick
                   for
                   Wood.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   :
                   Therefore
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   I
                   cause
                   that
                   young
                   thick
                   Shoot
                   to
                   be
                   Pinch'd
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   broken
                   with
                   the
                   Nail
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   it
                   no
                   greater
                   length
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   two
                   ,
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   Eyes
                   at
                   most
                   .
                
                 
                   Hereafter
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   the
                   manner
                   ,
                   and
                   success
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   Operation
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   explain'd
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   before
                   I
                   enter
                   into
                   the
                   particulars
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   I
                   suppose
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   Prune
                   either
                   young
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   never
                   yet
                   felt
                   the
                   Pruning
                   Knife
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   Planted
                   above
                   a
                   Year
                   or
                   two
                   ;
                   or
                   Old
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   already
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   several
                   Years
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   besides
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   old
                   Trees
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   condition
                   ,
                   as
                   having
                   been
                   govern'd
                   by
                   Persons
                   of
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   only
                   want
                   being
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   an
                   ill
                   case
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   having
                   always
                   been
                   neglected
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   for
                   having
                   been
                   ill
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   endeavour
                   the
                   correcting
                   of
                   their
                   defects
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   really
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   may
                   so
                   foresee
                   all
                   the
                   Cases
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   as
                   without
                   forgetting
                   one
                   ,
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   Rules
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   that
                   may
                   happen
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   so
                   presumptuous
                   ,
                   knowing
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   case
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   Physick
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   matter
                   of
                   Law-Suits
                   :
                   Hypocrates
                   and
                   Gallen
                   ,
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   Aphorisms
                   for
                   the
                   one
                   ;
                   
                     Le
                     Code
                  
                   and
                   
                     Le
                     Digeste
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   Regulations
                   and
                   Ord'nances
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   capable
                   of
                   foreseeing
                   and
                   providing
                   against
                   all
                   ,
                   nor
                   consequently
                   to
                   decide
                   all
                   ,
                   since
                   there
                   daily
                   occur
                   new
                   Cases
                   :
                   All
                   I
                   pretend
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   you
                   exact
                   Information
                   of
                   the
                   Method
                   I
                   have
                   practis'd
                   for
                   these
                   Thirty
                   Years
                   with
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   application
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   very
                   successful
                   ;
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   who
                   understand
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   me
                   ,
                   do
                   me
                   the
                   Honour
                   to
                   Practise
                   my
                   Maxims
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   explain
                   the
                   particulars
                   of
                   this
                   Method
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   divide
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   say
                   into
                   three
                   Classis
                   ;
                   and
                   First
                   ,
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   who
                   begin
                   to
                   make
                   New
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   speak
                   of
                   Trees
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   I
                   will
                   first
                   give
                   General
                   Rules
                   for
                   the
                   well
                   Pruning
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   which
                   every
                   Tree
                   shall
                   have
                   produc'd
                   ;
                   beginning
                   with
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   continue
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   from
                   Year
                   to
                   Year
                   ,
                   for
                   five
                   successive
                   Years
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   effect
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   five
                   Years
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   I
                   will
                   give
                   other
                   Rules
                   to
                   remedy
                   certain
                   defects
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   happen
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   first
                   cares
                   of
                   a
                   Skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   :
                   With
                   all
                   these
                   precautions
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   Method
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   ground
                   to
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   will
                   be
                   tollerably
                   industrious
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   sufficiently
                   instructed
                   in
                   this
                   matter
                   to
                   understand
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   pleasure
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   to
                   perfect
                   himself
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   practice
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   he
                   shall
                   have
                   occasion
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     P●
                     ;
                     ●ol
                     .
                     2
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Tools
                     that
                     are
                     necessary
                     for
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     using
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Should
                   not
                   need
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Prune
                   ,
                   either
                   Branches
                   or
                   Roots
                   ,
                   two
                   good
                   Tools
                   are
                   necessarily
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   a
                   Pruning
                   Knife
                   and
                   a
                   Saw
                   ,
                   because
                   't
                   is
                   no
                   Novelty
                   ,
                   since
                   every
                   body
                   knows
                   it
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   my self
                   :
                   But
                   whereas
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   to
                   omit
                   any
                   thing
                   relating
                   to
                   my
                   Subject
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   think
                   my self
                   blame-worthy
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   did
                   not
                   speak
                   of
                   these
                   Instruments
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   always
                   aim
                   at
                   rend'ring
                   the
                   work
                   easie
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   a
                   mortal
                   Enemy
                   to
                   confusion
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   destroy
                   certain
                   Portative
                   Shops
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   a
                   large
                   and
                   great
                   Case
                   ,
                   stuft
                   up
                   with
                   a
                   multitude
                   of
                   pretty
                   large
                   Tools
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   massive
                   and
                   heavy
                   ,
                   which
                   Gard'ners
                   heretofore
                   only
                   us'd
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   it
                   a
                   
                   Gard'ner's
                   Budget
                   :
                   Now
                   instead
                   of
                   all
                   this
                   stuff
                   ,
                   I
                   only
                   desire
                   these
                   two
                   little
                   Tools
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   be
                   carry'd
                   in
                   the
                   Pocket
                   ,
                   without
                   receiving
                   the
                   least
                   trouble
                   from
                   their
                   bigness
                   or
                   weight
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   on
                   all
                   occasions
                   ,
                   People
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   without
                   something
                   about
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   in
                   their
                   Walks
                   ,
                   whatever
                   may
                   be
                   judg'd
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   remov'd
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   certain
                   things
                   remain
                   imperfect
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   having
                   about
                   one
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   to
                   correct
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   taken
                   notice
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   then
                   ,
                   with
                   every
                   body
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Saw
                   serves
                   here
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   off
                   dry
                   and
                   old
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   consequently
                   very
                   hard
                   ,
                   and
                   capable
                   of
                   spoiling
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   ill-plac'd
                   ,
                   or
                   so
                   thick
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   cannot
                   easily
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   once
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   with
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   .
                   I
                   say
                   next
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   serve
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   at
                   one
                   cut
                   ,
                   young
                   ,
                   lively
                   ,
                   tender
                   ,
                   and
                   well-plac'd
                   Wood
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   thickness
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   us'd
                   upon
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   would
                   presently
                   blunt
                   its
                   edge
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   which
                   the
                   Saw
                   is
                   more
                   proper
                   than
                   it
                   ;
                   nor
                   likewise
                   employ
                   the
                   Saw
                   to
                   retrench
                   any
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   one
                   good
                   cut
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   may
                   cleverly
                   perform
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   to
                   be
                   agreed
                   upon
                   the
                   Necessity
                   and
                   Use
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   Tools
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   different
                   Occasions
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   employ'd
                   ;
                   perhaps
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   useless
                   besides
                   that
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   description
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   I
                   begin
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning-Knives
                   which
                   I
                   use
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   the
                   most
                   convenient
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   made
                   several
                   ways
                   which
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   approve
                   of
                   ,
                   some
                   being
                   too
                   hooked
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   their
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   not
                   enough
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   neither
                   the
                   one
                   nor
                   the
                   other
                   are
                   near
                   so
                   easie
                   to
                   work
                   with
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   which
                   keep
                   a
                   medium
                   between
                   these
                   two
                   Figures
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   often
                   try'd
                   them
                   of
                   all
                   kinds
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   at
                   last
                   fix'd
                   upon
                   these
                   that
                   are
                   figur'd
                   here
                   ,
                   which
                   perhaps
                   are
                   of
                   my
                   own
                   Invention
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   I
                   have
                   taken
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   pains
                   to
                   bring
                   the
                   Workmen
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   exactly
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Model
                   which
                   I
                   had
                   given
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   still
                   made
                   them
                   too
                   crooked
                   or
                   too
                   streight
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   inconvenient
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   is
                   considerable
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Pruning-Knives
                   well
                   shap'd
                   ;
                   besides
                   that
                   ,
                   their
                   matter
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   good
                   temper'd
                   Steel
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   edge
                   may
                   neither
                   turn
                   ,
                   or
                   notch
                   easily
                   ;
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   well
                   whetted
                   ,
                   often
                   clean'd
                   from
                   the
                   filth
                   that
                   fastens
                   upon
                   them
                   in
                   working
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   the
                   edge
                   is
                   observ'd
                   not
                   to
                   run
                   smoothly
                   in
                   cutting
                   easily
                   ,
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   strength
                   apply'd
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   Trees
                   to
                   cut
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   have
                   many
                   Pruning-Knives
                   ,
                   to
                   change
                   them
                   often
                   ;
                   for
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   with
                   good
                   Tools
                   ,
                   more
                   work
                   is
                   done
                   in
                   one
                   Day
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   more
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   than
                   could
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   having
                   but
                   indifferent
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   worse
                   having
                   bad
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   this
                   ,
                   the
                   Blade
                   of
                   these
                   Pruning-Knives
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   length
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   but
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   to
                   the
                   part
                   where
                   the
                   bending
                   of
                   the
                   back
                   begins
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   hooked
                   part
                   to
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   point
                   ,
                   must
                   have
                   two
                   Inches
                   more
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   must
                   not
                   have
                   above
                   four
                   Inches
                   in
                   all
                   ;
                   besides
                   this
                   ,
                   the
                   Handle
                   must
                   be
                   more
                   square
                   than
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   rugged
                   :
                   Buck's-Horn
                   is
                   very
                   fit
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   this
                   Handle
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   bigness
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   sit
                   the
                   hand
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   hold
                   it
                   firm
                   without
                   turning
                   ,
                   or
                   slipping
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   putting
                   ones
                   strength
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   
                   thickness
                   of
                   two
                   Inches
                   and
                   eight
                   Lines
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   most
                   three
                   Inches
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   fit
                   for
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   who
                   actually
                   Prunes
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   some
                   small
                   Branches
                   :
                   Such
                   are
                   fit
                   for
                   Gentlemen
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   walking
                   ,
                   such
                   Branches
                   as
                   they
                   observe
                   to
                   be
                   ill-plac'd
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   all
                   I
                   can
                   say
                   of
                   the
                   Conditions
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Pruning-Knife
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Saw
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   require
                   so
                   much
                   ado
                   ;
                   however
                   it
                   s
                   most
                   commendable
                   quality
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   streight
                   :
                   It
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   hard
                   Mettal
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   temper'd
                   ;
                   old
                   blades
                   of
                   Swords
                   are
                   very
                   fit
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Teeth
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   distance
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   open'd
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   turning
                   towards
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   'tother
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   back
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   thin
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   not
                   so
                   thick
                   nor
                   so
                   substantial
                   as
                   the
                   Teeth
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Saw
                   will
                   not
                   move
                   easily
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Teeth
                   will
                   soon
                   be
                   fill'd
                   up
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   soon
                   tire
                   him
                   that
                   uses
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   the
                   Work
                   advance
                   but
                   little
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   that
                   the
                   Saws
                   for
                   the
                   common
                   use
                   of
                   Pruning
                   shou'd
                   be
                   broad
                   ,
                   half
                   an
                   Inch
                   in
                   breadth
                   will
                   suffice
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   very
                   long
                   neither
                   ,
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   will
                   do
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   handle
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   round
                   ;
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   push'd
                   in
                   a
                   streight
                   Line
                   before
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   its
                   turning
                   in
                   the
                   hand
                   need
                   not
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Pruning-Knife
                   with
                   a
                   Round
                   Handle
                   wou'd
                   do
                   .
                   It
                   will
                   be
                   thick
                   enough
                   ,
                   provided
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   thickest
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   the
                   Blade
                   meets
                   when
                   it
                   shuts
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   ,
                   and
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Lines
                   Circumference
                   ;
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   somewhat
                   less
                   than
                   two
                   Inches
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   one
                   shall
                   have
                   folding-Saws
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   carry'd
                   in
                   the
                   Pocket
                   as
                   easily
                   as
                   the
                   Pruning-Knives
                   ,
                   the
                   Blade
                   closing
                   into
                   the
                   Handle
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   Convenient
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   Necessary
                   for
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   think
                   it
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   matter
                   to
                   have
                   good
                   Tools
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   some
                   Skill
                   requir'd
                   to
                   use
                   them
                   well
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   expedition
                   of
                   Business
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   avoid
                   some
                   Accidents
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   a
                   Prentiship
                   which
                   generally
                   costs
                   some
                   blood
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   begin
                   to
                   work
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   had
                   good
                   Directions
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   necessary
                   Precautions
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   placing
                   the
                   whole
                   Body
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   of
                   placing
                   the
                   left
                   hand
                   well
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   a
                   Learner
                   is
                   in
                   great
                   danger
                   of
                   hurting
                   himself
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   Instruct
                   him
                   in
                   it
                   at
                   first
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Person
                   must
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   and
                   planted
                   near
                   his
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   as
                   to
                   stand
                   firm
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   with
                   ease
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   his
                   Instruments
                   with
                   his
                   full
                   Strength
                   and
                   Vigour
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   hold
                   his
                   Tools
                   as
                   firm
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   not
                   turn
                   in
                   his
                   hand
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   his
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   always
                   begin
                   his
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   Cut
                   ,
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   which
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Branch
                   upon
                   which
                   he
                   cuts
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   after
                   that
                   make
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   which
                   is
                   cut
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   whether
                   he
                   cuts
                   to
                   the
                   Right
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   towards
                   home
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   ;
                   or
                   whether
                   he
                   cuts
                   with
                   a
                   back
                   hand
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   often
                   necessary
                   ;
                   and
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   still
                   take
                   care
                   ,
                   and
                   use
                   the
                   precaution
                   of
                   putting
                   his
                   left
                   hand
                   underneath
                   ,
                   and
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   cut
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   remain
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   fix'd
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   hold
                   the
                   part
                   he
                   grasps
                   so
                   steady
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   stir
                   or
                   move
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   consequently
                   resist
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   the
                   Right
                   hand
                   in
                   cutting
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   if
                   the
                   left
                   hand
                   should
                   quit
                   its
                   hold
                   ,
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   would
                   no
                   doubt
                   meet
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   wound
                   it
                   dangerously
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   Right
                   hand
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   hold
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   edge
                   may
                   be
                   mov'd
                   Flat-wise
                   ,
                   and
                   Horizontally
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   use
                   it
                   to
                   stop
                   short
                   after
                   the
                   effort
                   it
                   has
                   exerted
                   in
                   cutting
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   may
                   cut
                   nothing
                   but
                   the
                   Branch
                   or
                   Root
                   that
                   you
                   intend
                   to
                   Cut
                   ,
                   without
                   touching
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   so
                   carefully
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   as
                   neither
                   to
                   be
                   any
                   wise
                   Cut
                   ,
                   or
                   Wounded
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   before
                   you
                   come
                   to
                   present
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   rightly
                   observe
                   the
                   Situation
                   of
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   consider
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   how
                   the
                   hand
                   must
                   go
                   in
                   Cutting
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   hand
                   in
                   moving
                   must
                   give
                   a
                   certain
                   turn
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Point
                   may
                   meet
                   with
                   nothing
                   ;
                   but
                   you
                   must
                   likewise
                   feel
                   how
                   far
                   the
                   force
                   you
                   must
                   use
                   to
                   carry
                   off
                   at
                   once
                   the
                   part
                   you
                   design
                   to
                   remove
                   may
                   carry
                   you
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   in
                   its
                   way
                   might
                   harm
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Branches
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   we
                   call
                   
                     Cutting
                     Dry
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   Prune
                   well
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   Cut
                   cleverly
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   the
                   Cut
                   may
                   be
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   flat
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   must
                   in
                   no
                   wise
                   be
                   long
                   ,
                   as
                   Unskilful
                   People
                   do
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   it
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   long-wise
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   your
                   Pruning-Knife
                   again
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   that
                   Deformity
                   ;
                   noting
                   however
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   a
                   different
                   manner
                   from
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   absolutely
                   like
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   a
                   Hind
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   somewhat
                   long-wise
                   :
                   We
                   have
                   given
                   a
                   Reason
                   for
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Chapter
                   of
                   Plantations
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   by
                   a
                   frequent
                   Exercise
                   ,
                   or
                   habit
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   is
                   become
                   handy
                   ,
                   and
                   bold
                   in
                   Cutting
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   certain
                   green
                   Branches
                   ,
                   thick
                   enough
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   he
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   place
                   his
                   left
                   hand
                   above
                   the
                   right
                   ,
                   to
                   
                   grasp
                   ,
                   and
                   gently
                   bend
                   such
                   Branches
                   in
                   drawing
                   them
                   towards
                   him
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   such
                   Branches
                   will
                   really
                   prove
                   more
                   easie
                   to
                   be
                   Cut
                   ;
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   that
                   a
                   Man
                   will
                   often
                   be
                   surpriz'd
                   to
                   find
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Branch
                   so
                   easily
                   cut
                   off
                   at
                   one
                   stroak
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   this
                   Left
                   Hand
                   must
                   be
                   at
                   such
                   a
                   distance
                   from
                   the
                   Right
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   great
                   strength
                   he
                   must
                   use
                   to
                   cut
                   at
                   once
                   the
                   Branch
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   may
                   not
                   carry
                   it
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   that
                   Left
                   Hand
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   observe
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   in
                   Cutting
                   ,
                   the
                   Right
                   hand
                   moves
                   towards
                   the
                   Left
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   likewise
                   should
                   move
                   away
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   carrying
                   off
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   call
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Booty
                   which
                   the
                   Right
                   Hand
                   has
                   newly
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   or
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   Left
                   Hand
                   wou'd
                   run
                   a
                   great
                   hazard
                   of
                   receiving
                   a
                   dangerous
                   wound
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   but
                   too
                   often
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   say
                   moreover
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Cut
                   well
                   ,
                   every
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   within
                   reach
                   of
                   him
                   that
                   Cuts
                   it
                   ;
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   Cut
                   it
                   without
                   straining
                   himself
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   shou'd
                   reach
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   stomach
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   :
                   If
                   it
                   be
                   much
                   lower
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   be
                   forc'd
                   to
                   stoop
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   put
                   one
                   knee
                   to
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   needful
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   that
                   Branch
                   be
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   get
                   upon
                   something
                   ,
                   either
                   a
                   Ladder
                   ,
                   or
                   Steps
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   Cut
                   it
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   straining
                   himself
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   would
                   run
                   a
                   great
                   bazard
                   of
                   hurting
                   himself
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   splitting
                   the
                   Branch
                   in
                   cutting
                   it
                   downwards
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   dangerous
                   to
                   cut
                   upwards
                   ;
                   provided
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   Left
                   Hand
                   be
                   below
                   the
                   Right
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   Vine-Leaves
                   are
                   a
                   Natural
                   Balm
                   to
                   stop
                   the
                   Blood
                   of
                   the
                   Wounds
                   a
                   Man
                   receives
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   they
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   Pain
                   ,
                   and
                   close
                   up
                   the
                   Wound
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   little
                   time
                   .
                   The
                   tenderest
                   Leaves
                   are
                   commonly
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   green
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   may
                   serve
                   :
                   I
                   have
                   formerly
                   Experienc'd
                   that
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   upon
                   my self
                   ;
                   and
                   have
                   always
                   found
                   so
                   much
                   benefit
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   willingly
                   advise
                   our
                   New
                   
                   Virtuoso's
                   to
                   use
                   it
                   upon
                   occasion
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Saw
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   use
                   it
                   ,
                   must
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   is
                   done
                   with
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   possibly
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   place
                   the
                   Left
                   Hand
                   above
                   the
                   Right
                   ,
                   and
                   lean
                   hard
                   upon
                   the
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Saw'd
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   it
                   from
                   stirring
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Saw
                   would
                   not
                   play
                   well
                   .
                   That
                   done
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   hold
                   the
                   handle
                   of
                   the
                   Saw
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   that
                   the
                   But-end
                   may
                   not
                   reach
                   above
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Palm
                   of
                   the
                   Hand
                   ,
                   and
                   just
                   underneath
                   the
                   Thumb
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   must
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   be
                   stay'd
                   ,
                   or
                   supported
                   ,
                   to
                   move
                   the
                   Saw
                   the
                   better
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   proper
                   that
                   the
                   Fore-Finger
                   should
                   be
                   stretch'd
                   along
                   the
                   Handle
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   edge
                   of
                   the
                   Blade
                   ,
                   to
                   conduct
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   Saw
                   the
                   streighter
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   is
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   application
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   to
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Saw'd
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   distraction
                   by
                   any
                   thing
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   Saw
                   must
                   be
                   manag'd
                   with
                   an
                   extream
                   quickness
                   and
                   Vigour
                   ;
                   for
                   working
                   slowly
                   ,
                   or
                   thinking
                   upon
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   ,
                   the
                   Work
                   wou'd
                   not
                   succeed
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Saw
                   would
                   often
                   bend
                   ,
                   or
                   break
                   :
                   You
                   must
                   not
                   Saw
                   quite
                   through
                   ,
                   but
                   stop
                   just
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   Bark
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   you
                   might
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   tearing
                   the
                   Bark
                   from
                   off
                   the
                   remaining
                   Branch
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   peel
                   it
                   dangerously
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   must
                   always
                   end
                   the
                   work
                   of
                   the
                   Saw
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   clean
                   what
                   has
                   not
                   been
                   made
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   Sawing
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   smooth
                   the
                   part
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   Saw'd
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   all
                   that
                   remains
                   rough
                   from
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   Sawing
                   ,
                   since
                   otherwise
                   it
                   would
                   hardly
                   recover
                   ,
                   the
                   Saw
                   having
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   burnt
                   the
                   part
                   so
                   Saw'd
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   likewise
                   certain
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Left
                   Hand
                   ,
                   by
                   gently
                   bending
                   the
                   Branch
                   to
                   be
                   Saw'd
                   ,
                   makes
                   the
                   Saw
                   play
                   the
                   better
                   ;
                   and
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   neatly
                   finishes
                   the
                   Work
                   :
                   But
                   you
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   exact
                   in
                   the
                   strength
                   you
                   use
                   ,
                   or
                   apply
                   in
                   bending
                   ,
                   lest
                   you
                   should
                   make
                   a
                   dangerous
                   Slit
                   in
                   the
                   part
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   remain
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   had
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   our
                   Tools
                   ;
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   application
                   of
                   the
                   use
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     
                       Pruning
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     year
                     of
                     their
                     being
                     Planted
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   A
                   Fruit-Tree
                   of
                   what
                   kind
                   soever
                   ,
                   
                     Pear-Tree
                     ,
                     Apple-Tree
                     ,
                     Plumb-Tree
                     ,
                     Peach-Tree
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   which
                   seem'd
                   to
                   promise
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   and
                   necessary
                   Qualifications
                   requir'd
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   Planted
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   actually
                   been
                   Planted
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Skill
                   and
                   Consideration
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Chapter
                   of
                   Plantations
                   :
                   This
                   Fruit-Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   September
                   and
                   October
                   following
                   ,
                   will
                   of
                   necessity
                   perform
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   four
                   Things
                   ;
                   either
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   Shoot
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   little
                   ,
                   or
                   it
                   will
                   Shoot
                   
                   reasonably
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   One
                   Fine
                   Branch
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   it
                   will
                   Shoot
                   much
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   Fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   more
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figures
                   .
                   We
                   must
                   exactly
                   Explain
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   Four
                   Particulars
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     not
                     Sprouted
                     at
                     all
                     the
                     first
                     Year
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   suppose
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   have
                   shot
                   forth
                   nothing
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   dead
                   ,
                   and
                   appears
                   visibly
                   so
                   ;
                   and
                   perhaps
                   it
                   is
                   really
                   dead
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   a
                   little
                   Green
                   which
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   discovers
                   under
                   the
                   Bark
                   ;
                   for
                   without
                   doubt
                   it
                   may
                   seem
                   alive
                   at
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   be
                   dead
                   at
                   the
                   Root
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   likewise
                   call'd
                   being
                   quite
                   dead
                   ,
                   without
                   however
                   appearing
                   so
                   outwardly
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   it
                   may
                   seem
                   dead
                   ,
                   either
                   because
                   it
                   has
                   produc'd
                   nothing
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   because
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   is
                   really
                   dead
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   be
                   no
                   wise
                   dead
                   in
                   the
                   Principal
                   Place
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Principle
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   Roots
                   ,
                   on
                   which
                   depends
                   the
                   whole
                   Spring
                   of
                   Vegetation
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   dead
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   easily
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   dryness
                   ,
                   or
                   blackness
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   especially
                   if
                   that
                   blackness
                   appears
                   about
                   the
                   Graff
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   it
                   is
                   neither
                   difficult
                   of
                   giving
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   receiving
                   good
                   Advice
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   you
                   are
                   convinc'd
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   Dead
                   ,
                   but
                   ever
                   with
                   an
                   intention
                   of
                   putting
                   another
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   moderate
                   Shower
                   of
                   Rain
                   :
                   Provided
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   be
                   perceiv'd
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   'till
                   which
                   time
                   you
                   may
                   plant
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   safe
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   during
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Re-implacement
                   sufficiently
                   shews
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   design
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   those
                   Trees
                   which
                   are
                   brought
                   up
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ;
                   if
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   so
                   much
                   exhorted
                   People
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   the
                   Curious
                   have
                   taken
                   care
                   to
                   raise
                   some
                   in
                   that
                   manner
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   of
                   their
                   Planting
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   all
                   the
                   following
                   years
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   this
                   first
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   the
                   satisfaction
                   of
                   seeing
                   their
                   Garden
                   perfectly
                   Stock'd
                   :
                   Without
                   doubt
                   such
                   Basket
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   would
                   have
                   shot
                   their
                   Roots
                   beyond
                   the
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   had
                   taken
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   produce
                   very
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   you
                   must
                   re-implace
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   dangerous
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   out
                   ,
                   to
                   Transport
                   or
                   Plant
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   when
                   their
                   Roots
                   are
                   thus
                   shot
                   out
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   either
                   break
                   in
                   removing
                   ,
                   or
                   as
                   their
                   Extremities
                   are
                   White
                   ,
                   they
                   easily
                   blacken
                   in
                   a
                   hot
                   Air
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   perish
                   ;
                   and
                   cause
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   pine
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   often
                   kills
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   you
                   do
                   not
                   use
                   Baskets
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   May
                   and
                   June
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   stay
                   until
                   the
                   return
                   of
                   the
                   next
                   Season
                   of
                   Planting
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   from
                   November
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   us'd
                   ;
                   or
                   having
                   none
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   Re-plant
                   a
                   new
                   Tree
                   well
                   qualify'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Room
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   dead
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   we
                   must
                   carefully
                   examine
                   how
                   we
                   happen'd
                   to
                   be
                   deceiv'd
                   in
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   had
                   observ'd
                   all
                   the
                   appearances
                   of
                   a
                   better
                   fortune
                   ;
                   since
                   without
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   not
                   have
                   been
                   Planted
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   possible
                   to
                   discover
                   or
                   avoid
                   the
                   Inconveniencies
                   that
                   have
                   kill'd
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   endeavour
                   to
                   remedy
                   it
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   the
                   great
                   Cold
                   during
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   great
                   Heat
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   happen
                   :
                   Then
                   since
                   great
                   Colds
                   ,
                   and
                   great
                   Heats
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   spoiling
                   and
                   ruining
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   to
                   prevent
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   cover
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   newly
                   Planted
                   with
                   something
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   ill
                   Expedient
                   to
                   Plant
                   it
                   deeper
                   than
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   pretending
                   thereby
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   Roots
                   from
                   the
                   Cold
                   or
                   Heat
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   better
                   then
                   to
                   Plant
                   it
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   Rules
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   care
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   to
                   cover
                   the
                   Foot
                   with
                   Fearn
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   new
                   drawn
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Tree
                   be
                   dead
                   only
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   watering
                   ,
                   the
                   new
                   one
                   must
                   be
                   water'd
                   ;
                   if
                   for
                   
                   want
                   of
                   good
                   Mould
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   put
                   some
                   fresh
                   there
                   ;
                   if
                   it
                   proceed
                   from
                   having
                   been
                   too
                   often
                   and
                   maliciously
                   shaken
                   or
                   loosen'd
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Sprouting
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   prevented
                   ,
                   by
                   putting
                   some
                   fence
                   before
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   suffering
                   the
                   unlucky
                   Wags
                   that
                   have
                   done
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   come
                   near
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   If
                   it
                   proceeds
                   from
                   having
                   been
                   Planted
                   too
                   low
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   too
                   moist
                   a
                   Ground
                   ,
                   the
                   
                   other
                   must
                   be
                   Planted
                   a
                   little
                   higher
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   Ground
                   rais'd
                   to
                   enable
                   it
                   to
                   drain
                   it self
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   preceeds
                   from
                   having
                   been
                   under
                   the
                   shade
                   of
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbour-hood
                   of
                   some
                   Wood
                   or
                   Pallisades
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   an
                   Infinity
                   of
                   Roots
                   exhaust
                   all
                   the
                   Ground
                   about
                   them
                   ;
                   you
                   must
                   resolve
                   to
                   remove
                   either
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   make
                   the
                   Shade
                   ,
                   or
                   those
                   that
                   waste
                   the
                   Ground
                   so
                   much
                   ;
                   and
                   before
                   you
                   Re-plant
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   their
                   room
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   remove
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   is
                   worn
                   out
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   imagining
                   to
                   better
                   it
                   with
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   resolve
                   to
                   Plant
                   no
                   more
                   Fruit-Trees
                   in
                   that
                   unhappy
                   Place
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   some
                   Moles
                   have
                   rais'd
                   and
                   shaken
                   them
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   endeavour
                   to
                   catch
                   them
                   ;
                   if
                   the
                   Worms
                   have
                   gnaw'd
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   look'd
                   for
                   ,
                   and
                   destroy'd
                   ;
                   tho'
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   it
                   be
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Evils
                   that
                   may
                   afflict
                   Plantations
                   the
                   greatest
                   ,
                   most
                   dangerous
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   incurable
                   :
                   All
                   the
                   Comfort
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   this
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Torrent
                   that
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   have
                   its
                   Course
                   ,
                   but
                   passes
                   ,
                   and
                   does
                   not
                   return
                   often
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   say
                   as
                   to
                   a
                   Tree
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   actually
                   appears
                   dead
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   Planted
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Tree
                   remain
                   green
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   produc'd
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   perhaps
                   it
                   be
                   only
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Lethargy
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   benum'd
                   the
                   
                     Vegetative
                     Faculty
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   to
                   some
                   Orange-Trees
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ,
                   which
                   remain
                   sometimes
                   two
                   ,
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   years
                   without
                   coming
                   to
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   at
                   last
                   perform
                   Wonders
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   strange
                   and
                   difficult
                   to
                   apprehend
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Principle
                   of
                   Life
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   effect
                   are
                   so
                   easie
                   to
                   take
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   so
                   hard
                   to
                   dye
                   ,
                   shou'd
                   not
                   withstanding
                   be
                   so
                   difficult
                   to
                   be
                   mov'd
                   to
                   begin
                   some
                   Roots
                   :
                   But
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   Point
                   in
                   question
                   here
                   ;
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   long
                   without
                   shewing
                   the
                   certainty
                   of
                   their
                   Life
                   or
                   Death
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   this
                   Fruit-Tree
                   has
                   preserv'd
                   its
                   greenness
                   all
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   without
                   producing
                   any
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   it
                   may
                   perhaps
                   give
                   some
                   hope
                   of
                   satisfaction
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   ,
                   but
                   indeed
                   that
                   hope
                   is
                   very
                   slight
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   conveniently
                   ,
                   the
                   surest
                   way
                   is
                   to
                   replant
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   another
                   new
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   appears
                   better
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   equally
                   good
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   no
                   other
                   can
                   be
                   had
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   still
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   November
                   to
                   search
                   round
                   about
                   that
                   suspicious
                   Foot
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   whether
                   there
                   appears
                   any
                   good
                   beginning
                   of
                   thick
                   Roots
                   ,
                   or
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   First
                   Case
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   good
                   Signs
                   be
                   discover'd
                   ,
                   consisting
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   or
                   growing
                   of
                   some
                   thick
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   extraordinary
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   any
                   new
                   Roots
                   grow
                   in
                   Summer
                   ,
                   new
                   Shoots
                   appear
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   :
                   If
                   then
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   any
                   beginning
                   of
                   thick
                   Roots
                   be
                   discover'd
                   ,
                   which
                   perhaps
                   only
                   began
                   to
                   form
                   themselves
                   since
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Summer
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   rest
                   there
                   ,
                   without
                   doing
                   any
                   thing
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   only
                   cover
                   the
                   Place
                   well
                   again
                   where
                   you
                   have
                   open'd
                   the
                   Ground
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   the
                   following
                   Summer
                   take
                   some
                   extraordinary
                   Carefrom
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   to
                   Water
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Ground
                   and
                   the
                   Season
                   seem
                   to
                   requireit
                   :
                   Such
                   a
                   Tree
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   time
                   it
                   has
                   lost
                   ,
                   and
                   become
                   fine
                   the
                   following
                   years
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   Case
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   perform'd
                   nothing
                   by
                   its
                   Root
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   wholly
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   Prun'd
                   again
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Term
                   of
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   all
                   its
                   Roots
                   must
                   be
                   refresh'd
                   ,
                   doing
                   the
                   same
                   to
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Extremity
                   may
                   perhaps
                   be
                   dead
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   refresh'd
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   quick
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Tree
                   may
                   be
                   re-planted
                   at
                   that
                   very
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   judg'd
                   worth
                   it
                   ,
                   having
                   preserv'd
                   its
                   Roots
                   sound
                   and
                   entire
                   ,
                   or
                   you
                   must
                   fling
                   it
                   quite
                   away
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   principal
                   Roots
                   be
                   defective
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   being
                   dry
                   ,
                   or
                   black
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   actually
                   rotten
                   ,
                   or
                   gnaw'd
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   for
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   no
                   good
                   can
                   be
                   expected
                   from
                   them
                   :
                   The
                   Case
                   is
                   different
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   are
                   only
                   some
                   small
                   Roots
                   tainted
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   a
                   good
                   Sign
                   :
                   but
                   however
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   it
                   wou'd
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   Cut
                   them
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   quick
                   ,
                   and
                   Re-plant
                   the
                   Tree
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   where
                   it
                   has
                   given
                   Cause
                   to
                   believe
                   its
                   Destiny
                   doubtful
                   :
                   I
                   have
                   pretty
                   often
                   Re-planted
                   such
                   Trees
                   in
                   Nurseries
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   have
                   thriven
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   years
                   after
                   I
                   have
                   successfully
                   given
                   them
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Chief
                   Places
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   I
                   had
                   Planted
                   very
                   good
                   new
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Places
                   where
                   those
                   could
                   not
                   thrive
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   have
                   perfect
                   Plantations
                   without
                   all
                   those
                   necessary
                   Considerations
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Coolness
                   of
                   a
                   moist
                   Ground
                   is
                   sometimes
                   sufficient
                   to
                   preserve
                   for
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   uncertain
                   signs
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   and
                   Stem
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   it
                   preserves
                   it
                   in
                   Cut
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   without
                   any
                   certainty
                   of
                   their
                   performing
                   afterwards
                   any
                   happy
                   Operation
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   Operate
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   well
                   qualify'd
                   Trees
                   use
                   to
                   do
                   ;
                   therefore
                   
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   nice
                   upon
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   appearances
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   so
                   many
                   People
                   suffer
                   themselves
                   to
                   be
                   amuz'd
                   and
                   deceiv'd
                   for
                   so
                   many
                   Years
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   ,
                   what
                   I
                   had
                   to
                   say
                   upon
                   those
                   appearances
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   whether
                   Good
                   and
                   Certain
                   ,
                   or
                   Ill
                   and
                   Doubtful
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     sprouted
                     weakly
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   pass
                   now
                   to
                   the
                   second
                   Article
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   sprout
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   
                   especially
                   if
                   the
                   Shoot
                   be
                   weak
                   ,
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   yellowish
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   some
                   Fruit-Buds
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   which
                   I
                   declare
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   more
                   value
                   for
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   than
                   for
                   the
                   Preceeding
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   just
                   examin'd
                   ,
                   and
                   found
                   it
                   either
                   quite
                   Dead
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   dead
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   appear'd
                   green
                   at
                   the
                   Bark
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   have
                   found
                   it
                   to
                   have
                   yet
                   some
                   small
                   signs
                   of
                   Life
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Stem
                   ;
                   both
                   these
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   having
                   still
                   preserv'd
                   some
                   signs
                   of
                   Life
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   some
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   Sap.
                   Therefore
                   when
                   I
                   am
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   good
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   never
                   fail
                   rejecting
                   this
                   ,
                   altho'
                   it
                   has
                   sprouted
                   a
                   little
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   preceeding
                   which
                   has
                   not
                   sprouted
                   at
                   all
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   I
                   find
                   my self
                   in
                   want
                   ,
                   or
                   unprovided
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   contented
                   with
                   cutting
                   these
                   little
                   Shoots
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   shortning
                   that
                   above
                   by
                   the
                   half
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   I
                   never
                   fail
                   to
                   search
                   the
                   Foot
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   I
                   find
                   that
                   the
                   Roots
                   have
                   Shot
                   nothing
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometime
                   ,
                   I
                   pluck
                   up
                   the
                   Tree
                   quite
                   ,
                   and
                   refresh
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   if
                   they
                   are
                   all
                   sound
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   so
                   ,
                   I
                   plant
                   them
                   again
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Principals
                   being
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   I
                   fling
                   it
                   away
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Replant
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   fear
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   not
                   good
                   enough
                   ,
                   I
                   put
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   good
                   expedient
                   to
                   be
                   us'd
                   ;
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Dung
                   being
                   too
                   uncertain
                   and
                   deceitful
                   to
                   rely
                   upon
                   it
                   :
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   to
                   this
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   either
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   did
                   nothing
                   ,
                   but
                   remain'd
                   Green
                   both
                   at
                   the
                   Head
                   and
                   Roots
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   Prun'd
                   anew
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   Replanted
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   Nursery
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   like
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   whose
                   Head
                   is
                   really
                   in
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   Green
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   has
                   its
                   principal
                   Roots
                   entirely
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   rejected
                   as
                   dead
                   therefore
                   I
                   ev'n
                   look
                   for
                   a
                   new
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   only
                   seem'd
                   to
                   Sprout
                   ,
                   such
                   little
                   Shoots
                   being
                   properly
                   but
                   false
                   marks
                   of
                   its
                   having
                   taken
                   new
                   Root
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   only
                   produc'd
                   by
                   the
                   effect
                   of
                   Rarefaction
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   explain
                   elsewhere
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   pitiful
                   Fruit-Bud
                   ,
                   which
                   appears
                   upon
                   the
                   languishing
                   Head
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   producing
                   in
                   me
                   the
                   effect
                   it
                   operates
                   upon
                   so
                   many
                   Philosophers
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   from
                   raising
                   any
                   Joy
                   in
                   me
                   ,
                   or
                   giving
                   me
                   the
                   least
                   Consideration
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   Father
                   that
                   has
                   brought
                   it
                   to
                   light
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   Action
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   creates
                   in
                   me
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   a
                   real
                   scorn
                   for
                   both
                   ;
                   which
                   confirming
                   me
                   in
                   the
                   Maxims
                   I
                   have
                   advanc'd
                   ,
                   to
                   prove
                   that
                   Fruits
                   are
                   only
                   marks
                   of
                   weakness
                   ,
                   puts
                   me
                   upon
                   the
                   resolution
                   of
                   forsaking
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   fling
                   it
                   away
                   like
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   dead
                   or
                   useless
                   Wood
                   :
                   This
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   low
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   make
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   Standards
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   being
                   a-like
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   their
                   taking
                   new
                   Root
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   here
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   despicable
                   Bud
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   may
                   call
                   a
                   Bud
                   of
                   Poverty
                   ,
                   has
                   rais'd
                   a
                   War
                   between
                   some
                   Philosophers
                   and
                   I
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   grant
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   sign
                   of
                   Vigour
                   in
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   commonly
                   the
                   Generation
                   of
                   Animals
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   mark
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Fathers
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   explain
                   this
                   matter
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   my
                   Reflections
                   ,
                   not
                   having
                   thought
                   it
                   proper
                   to
                   proceed
                   any
                   further
                   here
                   upon
                   the
                   Reasonings
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   cause
                   to
                   make
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   a
                   thousand
                   irreproachable
                   Experiences
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Different
                     Situations
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Branches
                     which
                     a
                     tree
                     newly
                     Planted
                     somtimes
                     makes
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     that
                     has
                     at
                     least
                     produc'd
                     one
                     fine
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WE
                   must
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Third
                   Article
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   our
                   low
                   Trees
                   ,
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   declare
                   what
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   do
                   if
                   they
                   Sprout
                   reasonably
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   one
                   Beautiful
                   ,
                   and
                   sufficiently
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   commonly
                   attended
                   with
                   some
                   weak
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   that
                   case
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   make
                   Three
                   particular
                   Considerations
                   ,
                   viz.
                   Whether
                   that
                   fine
                   Branch
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   altogether
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   fear
                   of
                   falling
                   into
                   the
                   inconvenience
                   I
                   dread
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   defect
                   for
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   its
                   growing
                   too
                   high
                   in
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   into
                   which
                   inconvenience
                   I
                   should
                   undoubtedly
                   fall
                   ;
                   if
                   I
                   perform'd
                   my
                   Pruning
                   upon
                   that
                   new
                   Shoot
                   ,
                   I
                   rather
                   resolve
                   to
                   shorten
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   that
                   young
                   Tree
                   about
                   an
                   Inch
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   put
                   it
                   back
                   to
                   the
                   
                     A.
                     B.
                     C.
                  
                   Being
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   round
                   the
                   extremity
                   where
                   I
                   shall
                   lower
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   fine
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   all
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Number
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   grounded
                   upon
                   that
                   fine
                   Shoot
                   it
                   has
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   which
                   convinces
                   me
                   fully
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   shot
                   forth
                   good
                   Roots
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   in
                   putting
                   back
                   perhaps
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   a
                   Year
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   run
                   the
                   hazard
                   of
                   having
                   my
                   Fruit
                   somewhat
                   later
                   ;
                   I
                   avoid
                   the
                   dissatisfaction
                   of
                   having
                   a
                   Tree
                   rise
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   do
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   permitted
                   it
                   wholly
                   to
                   Shoot
                   out
                   of
                   that
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   offend
                   me
                   perpetually
                   ,
                   whereas
                   in
                   taking
                   it
                   a
                   little
                   lower
                   ,
                   I
                   put
                   it
                   in
                   a
                   way
                   of
                   appearing
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   advantage
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   desir'd
                   in
                   a
                   well
                   order'd
                   Tree
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   I
                   put
                   it
                   in
                   a
                   condition
                   of
                   rewarding
                   me
                   yet
                   better
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   by
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   the
                   fine
                   Branch
                   shoot
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   without
                   hesitation
                   cut
                   down
                   the
                   Stem
                   to
                   that
                   Branch
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   shorten
                   that
                   Branch
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Eyes
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   therein
                   to
                   place
                   the
                   whole
                   foundation
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   hope
                   of
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   figure
                   in
                   your
                   Tree
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   you
                   have
                   shorten'd
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   Year
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   opposite
                   to
                   each
                   other
                   :
                   This
                   is
                   sufficient
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   who
                   know
                   how
                   to
                   order
                   it
                   well
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   that
                   shorten'd
                   Branch
                   shoots
                   forth
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   the
                   success
                   will
                   still
                   be
                   the
                   more
                   favourable
                   ,
                   easie
                   ,
                   and
                   agreeable
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   still
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   who
                   are
                   any
                   thing
                   careful
                   ,
                   will
                   have
                   taken
                   care
                   to
                   order
                   that
                   only
                   Branch
                   we
                   speak
                   of
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   very
                   upright
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   form
                   a
                   streight
                   Tree
                   upon
                   its
                   Center
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   wanting
                   as
                   to
                   that
                   Precaution
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   the
                   grand
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   shorten
                   that
                   Branch
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   which
                   rough
                   Treatment
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   necessary
                   ,
                   had
                   it
                   been
                   well
                   rear'd
                   up
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   Pruning
                   that
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   come
                   here
                   by
                   its
                   self
                   ,
                   one
                   may
                   still
                   preserve
                   ,
                   not
                   the
                   very
                   small
                   Branches
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   Sappless
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   be
                   utterly
                   exterminated
                   from
                   our
                   new
                   planted
                   Tree
                   ;
                   but
                   only
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   either
                   short
                   ,
                   or
                   passably
                   thick
                   ,
                   or
                   longish
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   passably
                   thick
                   ,
                   in
                   whatever
                   place
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   be
                   ;
                   provided
                   they
                   have
                   pretty
                   good
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   securely
                   expect
                   to
                   have
                   soon
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   without
                   fearing
                   it
                   might
                   prejudice
                   the
                   vigour
                   of
                   our
                   Tree
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   stone
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   in
                   Kernel
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   however
                   to
                   shorten
                   those
                   Branches
                   a
                   little
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   really
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   without
                   medling
                   with
                   the
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   short
                   and
                   passably
                   thick
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   why
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   hinder
                   the
                   preserving
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   very
                   certain
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   so
                   often
                   repeated
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   Sap
                   which
                   produces
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   little
                   Sap
                   that
                   goes
                   towards
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   cannot
                   considerably
                   prejudice
                   our
                   new
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   it
                   will
                   afford
                   us
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   in
                   giving
                   us
                   Fruit
                   betimes
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   that
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   a
                   great
                   fault
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   unmercifully
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   all
                   those
                   hopes
                   of
                   the
                   
                     First
                     Fruits
                  
                   :
                   The
                   Curious
                   may
                   do
                   in
                   this
                   as
                   they
                   think
                   fit
                   ,
                   but
                   for
                   my
                   part
                   ,
                   I
                   preserve
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   our
                   only
                   Branch
                   shoots
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   Reason
                   to
                   rejoice
                   at
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   has
                   taken
                   care
                   of
                   it
                   betimes
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   
                   it
                   upright
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   it
                   were
                   not
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Preceeding
                   :
                   We
                   may
                   with
                   assurance
                   Prune
                   it
                   the
                   heighth
                   we
                   desire
                   it
                   at
                   ,
                   to
                   begin
                   a
                   Fine
                   Tree
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Tree
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   it
                   prove
                   not
                   streight
                   ,
                   or
                   without
                   a
                   probability
                   of
                   being
                   streightned
                   by
                   some
                   strong
                   Ligature
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   like
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   quite
                   low
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   produce
                   another
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   streight
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Tree
                   would
                   always
                   be
                   a-wry
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   of
                   an
                   ill
                   Figure
                   ,
                   still
                   remembring
                   that
                   the
                   Stem
                   must
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   single
                   Branch
                   it
                   has
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   have
                   Prun'd
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   here
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   Plant
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   according
                   to
                   appearances
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   demonstratively
                   and
                   infallibly
                   assure
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   take
                   Root
                   :
                   Yet
                   less
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   it
                   do's
                   ,
                   can
                   we
                   assign
                   in
                   what
                   part
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   its
                   first
                   Shoot
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Fine
                   Branches
                   produc'd
                   by
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   taken
                   Root
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   afterwards
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   with
                   some
                   certainty
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   produce
                   New
                   ones
                   on
                   the
                   Extremities
                   on
                   them
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   guess
                   at
                   the
                   quantity
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   this
                   may
                   be
                   rely'd
                   upon
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   if
                   our
                   Tree
                   has
                   only
                   produc'd
                   the
                   single
                   Branch
                   we
                   speak
                   of
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   with
                   certainty
                   expect
                   that
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   somewhat
                   short
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   at
                   least
                   shoot
                   two
                   fine
                   ones
                   ,
                   capable
                   of
                   performing
                   in
                   all
                   respects
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   above
                   establish'd
                   for
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   fancy
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   to
                   this
                   Branch
                   shot
                   from
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Stem
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   partly
                   allow
                   it
                   the
                   same
                   length
                   we
                   had
                   allow'd
                   that
                   Stem
                   in
                   Planting
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   about
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   long
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   place
                   we
                   have
                   Planted
                   it
                   in
                   ,
                   whether
                   in
                   Cold
                   ,
                   or
                   Moist
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   Hot
                   ,
                   and
                   Dry.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     produc'd
                     more
                     than
                     one
                     Fine
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   to
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   our
                   new
                   Planted
                   Tree
                   has
                   produc'd
                   two
                   Fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   weak
                   ones
                   among
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   are
                   to
                   make
                   other
                   great
                   Considerations
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   engage
                   us
                   into
                   different
                   Chapters
                   ,
                   Viz.
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   whether
                   that
                   Plurality
                   of
                   Branches
                   be
                   produc'd
                   to
                   ones
                   liking
                   ;
                   That
                   is
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   grow
                   round
                   about
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   whether
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   grow
                   like
                   a
                   Branch-Candlestick
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   or
                   like
                   a
                   Hand
                   spread
                   open
                   for
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   know
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   whether
                   all
                   those
                   Branches
                   are
                   grown
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   over
                   one
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   whether
                   in
                   Degrees
                   at
                   a
                   great
                   distance
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   tho'
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   sometimes
                   they
                   are
                   all
                   grown
                   from
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   middle
                   ,
                   or
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   whether
                   all
                   those
                   Branches
                   of
                   themselves
                   are
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   open
                   and
                   spread
                   ,
                   or
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   keep
                   close
                   together
                   in
                   a
                   confus'd
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   are
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   different
                   ways
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   short
                   Shoots
                   of
                   every
                   Tree
                   newly
                   Planted
                   form
                   themselves
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   happy
                   as
                   to
                   take
                   Root
                   again
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figures
                   hereunto
                   annex'd
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   repeat
                   again
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   Consider
                   here
                   ,
                   as
                   any
                   thing
                   Considerable
                   ,
                   the
                   little
                   small
                   Branches
                   ,
                   altho'
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   good
                   to
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   the
                   very
                   next
                   year
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   often
                   true
                   in
                   Stone
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   seldom
                   in
                   Kernel
                   Fruit
                   :
                   Woe
                   to
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   which
                   produces
                   many
                   of
                   these
                   ,
                   or
                   no
                   others
                   ;
                   however
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   what
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   ended
                   the
                   most
                   material
                   part
                   of
                   my
                   Work.
                   
                
                 
                   They
                   are
                   only
                   the
                   great
                   Branches
                   I
                   value
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   desiring
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Tree
                   ;
                   these
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   Object
                   of
                   my
                   Wishes
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   that
                   can
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   foundation
                   of
                   my
                   Tree
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   be
                   Naturally
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   can
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   Pruning
                   proper
                   for
                   my
                   Intention
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   manage
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   as
                   the
                   first
                   Branches
                   ,
                   tho'
                   happy
                   in
                   their
                   Original
                   ,
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   ill
                   order'd
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   give
                   an
                   ill
                   beginning
                   to
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   being
                   handled
                   by
                   an
                   Unskilful
                   Hand
                   ;
                   so
                   likewise
                   tho'
                   those
                   firrst
                   Branches
                   ,
                   at
                   their
                   first
                   Sprouting
                   ,
                   might
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   a
                   defective
                   Situation
                   ,
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   discipline
                   be
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   so
                   Skilfully
                   turn'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   defect
                   of
                   their
                   Birth
                   may
                   not
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   being
                   Mothers
                   to
                   a
                   Well-shap'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Sightly
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     different
                     situations
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Branches
                     sometimes
                     made
                     by
                     a
                     Tree
                     new
                     planted
                     Dwarfs
                  
                
                 
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Caution
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   give
                   here
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   commonly
                   all
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   which
                   grow
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   upon
                   new
                   Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   we
                   call
                   Branches
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   their
                   Eyes
                   discover
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   must
                   be
                   Treated
                   accordingly
                   by
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   weak
                   and
                   slender
                   ones
                   are
                   commonly
                   in
                   that
                   respect
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Form
                   with
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   did
                   remain
                   very
                   short
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   Advertisement
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   I
                   perform
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   New
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   differs
                   but
                   little
                   from
                   that
                   I
                   use
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   upon
                   New
                   Wall-Trees
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   these
                   I
                   easily
                   constrain
                   the
                   most
                   obstinate
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   worst
                   grown
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   themselves
                   into
                   the
                   Posture
                   I
                   desire
                   ,
                   to
                   attain
                   the
                   Beauty
                   requir'd
                   in
                   a
                   Wali-Tree
                   ;
                   it
                   serves
                   likewise
                   to
                   afford
                   me
                   more
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   finer
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   Dwarfs
                   are
                   ,
                   if
                   that
                   Expression
                   may
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   half
                   Volunteers
                   ,
                   which
                   indeed
                   do
                   part
                   of
                   what
                   they
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   themselves
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   commonly
                   suffer
                   themselves
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   conducted
                   by
                   my
                   Industry
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   satisfaction
                   of
                   my
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   delight
                   of
                   my
                   Pallate
                   :
                   Only
                   the
                   Fruit-Branches
                   can
                   not
                   be
                   left
                   so
                   long
                   upon
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   as
                   upon
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   because
                   in
                   those
                   we
                   have
                   the
                   Convenience
                   of
                   Tacking
                   and
                   Propping
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   not
                   in
                   others
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     First
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     produc'd
                     two
                     Fine
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     both
                     well
                     Plac'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   for
                   what
                   relates
                   then
                   to
                   this
                   Fourth
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   a
                   Tree
                   newly
                   Planted
                   has
                   happily
                   and
                   vigorously
                   produc'd
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   Fine
                   Branch
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   weak
                   ones
                   among
                   them
                   :
                   If
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   two
                   almost
                   equally
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   one
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   hardly
                   be
                   desir'd
                   better
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   fair
                   beginning
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Fine
                   Tree
                   :
                   The
                   only
                   thing
                   in
                   question
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   shorten
                   them
                   all
                   equally
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   :
                   But
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   that
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   Eyes
                   of
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   these
                   Branches
                   so
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   look
                   on
                   the
                   Right
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   Left
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   two
                   bare
                   sides
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   producing
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   these
                   four
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   all
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   all
                   contribute
                   to
                   form
                   the
                   thin
                   Round
                   which
                   we
                   desire
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   form
                   the
                   flat
                   and
                   full
                   Round
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   likewise
                   design
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   would
                   be
                   ill
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   if
                   those
                   two
                   last
                   Eyes
                   look'd
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   either
                   on
                   the
                   inside
                   of
                   the
                   Dwarf
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   fill
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   outside
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   open
                   too
                   much
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   first
                   requir'd
                   well
                   to
                   establish
                   the
                   first
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   open
                   in
                   a
                   Round
                   equally
                   garnish'd
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   same
                   Reason
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   Pruning
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   sufficiently
                   well
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   were
                   order'd
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   two
                   Eyes
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   on
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   should
                   cast
                   upon
                   opposite
                   sides
                   the
                   New
                   Branches
                   they
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   produce
                   :
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   that
                   those
                   very
                   Branches
                   should
                   have
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   violence
                   a
                   Natural
                   disposition
                   to
                   place
                   themselves
                   well
                   upon
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   that
                   we
                   would
                   cover
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   all
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   first
                   Vigorous
                   Branches
                   of
                   that
                   Wall-Tree
                   have
                   perform'd
                   their
                   duty
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   first
                   Vigorous
                   ones
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Dwarf
                   will
                   have
                   done
                   theirs
                   :
                   However
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   still
                   be
                   fitting
                   to
                   have
                   such
                   necessary
                   regards
                   both
                   towards
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   tend
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   chiefly
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   Roundness
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   continu'd
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Round
                   be
                   almost
                   perfect
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   we
                   must
                   begin
                   to
                   have
                   two
                   other
                   Prospects
                   to
                   dwell
                   upon
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   endeavour
                   by
                   all
                   possible
                   means
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   reasonable
                   opening
                   to
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   having
                   already
                   attain'd
                   its
                   roundness
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   fill
                   it
                   equally
                   throughout
                   its
                   whole
                   extent
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   likewise
                   having
                   its
                   roundness
                   ;
                   The
                   other
                   Prospect
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   in
                   both
                   that
                   Round
                   which
                   is
                   already
                   form'd
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   yearly
                   grow
                   in
                   Circumference
                   ,
                   without
                   ever
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   in
                   us
                   lies
                   ,
                   suffering
                   it
                   to
                   lose
                   any
                   thing
                   of
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   its
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   particular
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Branches
                   has
                   any
                   advantage
                   in
                   thickness
                   over
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   likely
                   the
                   one
                   may
                   well
                   produce
                   two
                   other
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   while
                   his
                   Neighbour
                   can
                   yield
                   but
                   one
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   thickest
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   single
                   one
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   thick
                   ,
                   may
                   come
                   forth
                   so
                   happily
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   three
                   together
                   may
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   as
                   fit
                   and
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Composing
                   of
                   the
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   in
                   question
                   :
                   Otherwise
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   
                   removing
                   some
                   ,
                   because
                   ill-favouredly
                   grown
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   prove
                   a
                   vexatious
                   Loss
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   say
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   two
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   in
                   debate
                   ,
                   a
                   Fruit-Branch
                   shou'd
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   joyn'd
                   to
                   the
                   two
                   Wood-Branches
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   without
                   any
                   Consequence
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     only
                     produc'd
                     two
                     Branches
                     ,
                     both
                     beautiful
                     and
                     thick
                     ,
                     yet
                     both
                     ill-plac'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   first
                   fine
                   Branches
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   be
                   considerably
                   lower
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   both
                   on
                   the
                   same
                   side
                   ;
                   or
                   may
                   be
                   the
                   one
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   quite
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   opposite
                   side
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   fiercely
                   and
                   unmercifully
                   resolve
                   to
                   preserve
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   chuse
                   the
                   fittest
                   to
                   begin
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   cut
                   off
                   the
                   other
                   so
                   close
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   probility
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   never
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   thick
                   ones
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   both
                   were
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   it
                   cou'd
                   never
                   form
                   a
                   Tree
                   of
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   ,
                   the
                   sight
                   of
                   which
                   wou'd
                   continually
                   vex
                   you
                   ,
                   for
                   not
                   having
                   order'd
                   it
                   well
                   from
                   its
                   Infancy
                   .
                   The
                   Ignorant
                   perhaps
                   may
                   imagine
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   wou'd
                   occasion
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   a
                   Year
                   ;
                   but
                   I
                   can
                   assure
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   will
                   confide
                   in
                   me
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   Case
                   then
                   you
                   must
                   take
                   down
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   the
                   lowest
                   branch
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   design
                   to
                   preserve
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   our
                   Design
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   infallible
                   Means
                   not
                   to
                   fear
                   any
                   other
                   Branch
                   ill-plac'd
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   :
                   Or
                   ,
                   if
                   you
                   must
                   take
                   off
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   being
                   fit
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   ;
                   for
                   there
                   seldom
                   arises
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   cutting
                   a
                   thick
                   new
                   Branch
                   ,
                   being
                   ill-plac'd
                   so
                   close
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   at
                   all
                   may
                   grow
                   from
                   it
                   .
                   I
                   explain
                   this
                   sort
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   sloping
                   ,
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   the
                   21.
                   
                   Chapter
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Pruning
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   ,
                   will
                   either
                   produce
                   nothing
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   spoiling
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   This
                   way
                   of
                   Pruning
                   supposes
                   the
                   Branch
                   to
                   be
                   thick
                   and
                   vigorous
                   ;
                   for
                   had
                   it
                   been
                   a
                   moderate
                   one
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   have
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   entire
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Fruit-Branch
                   ;
                   if
                   very
                   thin
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   have
                   been
                   cut
                   so
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   passage
                   had
                   remain'd
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   new
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   very
                   ill-plac'd
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Tree
                   having
                   but
                   a
                   moderate
                   Vigour
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Case
                   of
                   a
                   single
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   be
                   prun'd
                   ,
                   reduces
                   it self
                   to
                   another
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   where
                   our
                   Tree
                   at
                   first
                   produc'd
                   but
                   one
                   fine
                   Branch
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   this
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   follow
                   the
                   Method
                   prescrib'd
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   useless
                   to
                   repeat
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   that
                   from
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   newly
                   planted
                   ,
                   two
                   fair
                   Branches
                   may
                   proceed
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   others
                   from
                   any
                   other
                   part
                   .
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   both
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   very
                   well
                   ,
                   whatever
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   are
                   likely
                   to
                   serve
                   to
                   form
                   a
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Gardner
                   ,
                   have
                   made
                   them
                   shoot
                   streight
                   upwards
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   cannot
                   serve
                   towards
                   that
                   Figure
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   contented
                   with
                   that
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   order'd
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   foregoing
                   Method
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     produc'd
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     fine
                     Branches
                     ,
                     well
                     ,
                     or
                     ill-plac'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   our
                   Tree
                   has
                   produc'd
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   fine
                   ,
                   well-plac'd
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ill-plac'd
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   all
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   beneath
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     One
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     differently
                     Prund
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     different
                     Branches
                     it
                     has
                     Shot
                     four
                     years
                     one
                     after
                     another
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   those
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   fine
                   Branches
                   shoot
                   out
                   a
                   little
                   below
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   shortning
                   the
                   Stem
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   do
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   saying
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Branches
                   did
                   at
                   first
                   shoot
                   out
                   from
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Case
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   suppose
                   that
                   the
                   Branches
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   are
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   ill
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   they
                   cannot
                   all
                   conduce
                   towards
                   the
                   forming
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   cannot
                   all
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   examine
                   whether
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   not
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   pretty
                   well
                   situated
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   whether
                   the
                   Degrees
                   are
                   not
                   too
                   distant
                   to
                   permit
                   you
                   to
                   frame
                   upon
                   those
                   some
                   Foundation
                   for
                   your
                   Figure
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   being
                   so
                   ,
                   those
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   satisfie
                   you
                   ,
                   cutting
                   off
                   the
                   others
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   establish'd
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   two
                   that
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Regards
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   whether
                   we
                   have
                   them
                   by
                   Choice
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   the
                   good
                   fortune
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ;
                   which
                   having
                   given
                   but
                   two
                   ,
                   has
                   given
                   them
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Situation
                   as
                   could
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ;
                   and
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   two
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   afterwards
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   heighth
                   ,
                   though
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   length
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   may
                   shoot
                   from
                   them
                   may
                   begin
                   our
                   Figure
                   happily
                   ;
                   for
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   easie
                   to
                   go
                   on
                   with
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   so
                   well
                   begun
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   repeat
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   having
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   sufficiently
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   preserv'd
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   only
                   shortning
                   them
                   a
                   little
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   appear
                   too
                   weak
                   for
                   their
                   length
                   ;
                   not
                   failing
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   sapless
                   ones
                   ,
                   whatever
                   quantity
                   there
                   be
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Trees
                     that
                     have
                     produc'd
                     to
                     the
                     Number
                     of
                     five
                     ,
                     six
                     ,
                     or
                     seven
                     fine
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IN
                   fine
                   ,
                   our
                   new
                   
                     Planted
                     Tree
                  
                   may
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   in
                   good
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   on
                   fine
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Planted
                   with
                   all
                   necessary
                   Regards
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   be
                   graffed
                   upon
                   Tree-Stocks
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   Quince
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   produc'd
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   five
                   ,
                   six
                   ,
                   or
                   seven
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   more
                   .
                   It
                   wou'd
                   be
                   a
                   good
                   Fortune
                   if
                   they
                   shou'd
                   be
                   all
                   so
                   happily
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   be
                   all
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   without
                   causing
                   any
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   met
                   with
                   it
                   sometimes
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   have
                   soon
                   a
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Tree
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Rarety
                   to
                   find
                   them
                   all
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   preserve
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   shall
                   judge
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   their
                   situation
                   and
                   strength
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   fittest
                   for
                   the
                   Execution
                   of
                   our
                   Design
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   Prune
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   explain'd
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   .
                   This
                   being
                   so
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   wholly
                   cut
                   off
                   all
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   higher
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   thick
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   they
                   are
                   weak
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   fit
                   for
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   do
                   well
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   perform'd
                   what
                   they
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   doing
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   case
                   then
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   taking
                   away
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   highest
                   that
                   are
                   thick
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   either
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   Stump-wise
                   ,
                   to
                   amuse
                   a
                   little
                   Sap
                   in
                   them
                   during
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Years
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   Stem
                   must
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   especially
                   ,
                   the
                   Tree
                   not
                   being
                   very
                   vigorous
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   there
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   some
                   thick
                   ones
                   lower
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   preserve
                   for
                   ever
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   convenient
                   to
                   preserve
                   those
                   low
                   ones
                   for
                   a
                   while
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   spoil
                   nothing
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   because
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Years
                   ,
                   they
                   employ
                   a
                   little
                   of
                   that
                   Sap
                   ,
                   the
                   Abundance
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   compass
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   arrive
                   at
                   a
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   such
                   low
                   Branches
                   can
                   annoy
                   us
                   ,
                   then
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   within
                   the
                   
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   take
                   them
                   off
                   close
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   find
                   but
                   a
                   moderate
                   Vigour
                   in
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   still
                   forewarn
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   there
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   be
                   contented
                   with
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   best
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   best
                   condition'd
                   ,
                   breaking
                   off
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   longest
                   a
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   medling
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   naturally
                   short
                   ,
                   and
                   passably
                   thick
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   wholly
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   only
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   is
                   all
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Branches
                   they
                   shall
                   have
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   newly
                   Planted
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XX.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Second
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     perform'd
                     the
                     Third
                     Year
                     on
                     a
                     New
                     
                       Planted
                       Tree
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   those
                   New
                   
                     Planted
                     Trees
                  
                   being
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   upon
                   the
                   first
                   Shoots
                   they
                   have
                   produc'd
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   Planted
                   ,
                   we
                   now
                   must
                   shew
                   the
                   Success
                   it
                   ought
                   apparently
                   to
                   produce
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   Conduct
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   held
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   for
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   Twigs
                   ,
                   that
                   shall
                   shoot
                   from
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   the
                   Year
                   before
                   :
                   And
                   to
                   that
                   End
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   follow
                   the
                   same
                   Order
                   I
                   have
                   establish'd
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Shoots
                   they
                   had
                   produc'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   before
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   consider
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   the
                   Trees
                   which
                   had
                   not
                   succeeded
                   well
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Fruit-Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   produc'd
                   any
                   Branches
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   preserve'd
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   ,
                   having
                   still
                   been
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   alive
                   ,
                   it
                   might
                   do
                   better
                   the
                   second
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   if
                   that
                   Tree
                   does
                   not
                   begin
                   betimes
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   to
                   shoot
                   very
                   vigorously
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   infallible
                   Sign
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   never
                   be
                   good
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   ,
                   without
                   losing
                   any
                   more
                   Time
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   thrown
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   brought
                   up
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   supply
                   such
                   Accidents
                   ,
                   plac'd
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   likewise
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   only
                   produc'd
                   small
                   Shoots
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   it
                   being
                   only
                   shorten'd
                   ;
                   if
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   does
                   not
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   Entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   begin
                   to
                   shoot
                   fine
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   also
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   it
                   shou'd
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   hesitation
                   ,
                   be
                   us'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   with
                   the
                   fore-going
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   now
                   been
                   speaking
                   of
                   :
                   It
                   wou'd
                   be
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Miracle
                   ,
                   if
                   ever
                   it
                   shou'd
                   come
                   to
                   a
                   Condition
                   of
                   affording
                   any
                   Satisfaction
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   so
                   often
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ;
                   if
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   thus
                   taken
                   down
                   lower
                   ,
                   has
                   shot
                   fine
                   Branches
                   at
                   its
                   new
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   having
                   shot
                   but
                   one
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   likewise
                   taken
                   down
                   lower
                   than
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   that
                   Branch
                   ;
                   then
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   will
                   fall
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Shooting
                   of
                   those
                   
                     new-planted
                     Trees
                  
                   which
                   have
                   happily
                   succeeded
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   have
                   nothing
                   particular
                   to
                   add
                   to
                   the
                   Conduct
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   observ'd
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   only
                   produc'd
                   one
                   fine
                   Branch
                   ,
                   be
                   it
                   either
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ;
                   supposing
                   always
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   even
                   in
                   that
                   first
                   Year
                   Care
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   taken
                   ,
                   in
                   both
                   Cases
                   ,
                   to
                   render
                   both
                   these
                   only
                   Branches
                   streight
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   not
                   so
                   naturally
                   :
                   For
                   ,
                   if
                   that
                   Care
                   has
                   not
                   been
                   taken
                   ,
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   must
                   have
                   been
                   oblig'd
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   lower
                   the
                   Stem
                   to
                   those
                   Branches
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   shorten
                   them
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   of
                   the
                   place
                   whence
                   they
                   grew
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   only
                   consider
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   that
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   shoot
                   from
                   those
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   of
                   a
                   Branch
                   so
                   extraordinarily
                   shorten'd
                   :
                   And
                   thus
                   this
                   first
                   Pruning
                   will
                   fall
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Branches
                   of
                   a
                   new-planted
                   Tree
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   necessity
                   of
                   saying
                   any
                   thing
                   more
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   had
                   only
                   produc'd
                   one
                   Wood-Branch
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   upon
                   that
                   Branch
                   ,
                   never
                   fails
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   of
                   producing
                   others
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   that
                   Branch
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   will
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   have
                   shot
                   upon
                   
                   it
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   one
                   thick
                   one
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   pretty
                   usual
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   more
                   .
                   This
                   great
                   Multitude
                   does
                   not
                   happen
                   commonly
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   unfortunately
                   it
                   had
                   only
                   produc'd
                   one
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   partly
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   thickness
                   with
                   the
                   Mother
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   happen
                   by
                   some
                   accident
                   befaln
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Roots
                   ,
                   then
                   you
                   must
                   be
                   Positive
                   either
                   in
                   re-cutting
                   the
                   New
                   one
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   leaving
                   it
                   only
                   two
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   cutting
                   it
                   quite
                   off
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   yet
                   better
                   ;
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   call
                   the
                   Old
                   one
                   ,
                   may
                   Shoot
                   forth
                   something
                   more
                   considerable
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   happen
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   Tree
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   have
                   made
                   better
                   Roots
                   the
                   third
                   year
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   had
                   produc'd
                   either
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   or
                   second
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   being
                   grown
                   more
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   shoot
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fine
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   the
                   Truth
                   in
                   such
                   Cases
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   relying
                   upon
                   the
                   Success
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   shews
                   so
                   little
                   Vigour
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   material
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   the
                   Magazine
                   of
                   Trees
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   languish
                   in
                   vain
                   hopes
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   beyond
                   the
                   second
                   year
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   you
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   languish
                   yet
                   longer
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   that
                   single
                   Branch
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   has
                   perform'd
                   its
                   duty
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   have
                   produc'd
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   of
                   those
                   fine
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   Wood-Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   besides
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   fit
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   all
                   these
                   Cases
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   besides
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   for
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   Planted
                   have
                   produc'd
                   the
                   same
                   quantity
                   of
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   some
                   Fruit-Branches
                   may
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   but
                   among
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   only
                   such
                   as
                   may
                   conduce
                   towards
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   cutting
                   off
                   all
                   the
                   others
                   without
                   any
                   mercy
                   ,
                   either
                   close
                   ,
                   or
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   the
                   fine
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   shot
                   from
                   that
                   single
                   Branch
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   differ
                   in
                   nothing
                   from
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   the
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   have
                   been
                   happily
                   produc'd
                   from
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   a
                   new
                   
                     Planted
                     Tree
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Precaution
                   of
                   keeping
                   upright
                   the
                   single
                   Branch
                   grown
                   upon
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   would
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   as
                   upon
                   a
                   Dwarf-Standard
                   ;
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Convenience
                   of
                   turning
                   almost
                   at
                   pleasure
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   shall
                   proceed
                   from
                   that
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   Prun'd
                   it
                   :
                   The
                   only
                   thing
                   then
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   in
                   their
                   youth
                   of
                   fastning
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Right
                   and
                   Left
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   necessary
                   for
                   laying
                   the
                   foundation
                   of
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   so
                   doing
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   remedy
                   certain
                   defects
                   which
                   can
                   hardly
                   be
                   remedy'd
                   in
                   a
                   low
                   Standard
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     second
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     that
                     has
                     Produc'd
                     two
                     Fine
                     Branches
                     in
                     the
                     First
                     Year
                     of
                     its
                     being
                     Planted
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   to
                   our
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   has
                   produc'd
                   two
                   Fine
                   Well-plac'd
                   Branches
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   suppose
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   generally
                   very
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   having
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   four
                   ,
                   five
                   ,
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   ,
                   or
                   thereabouts
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Caution
                   heretofore
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   thickness
                   and
                   Original
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   situation
                   of
                   the
                   last
                   Eyes
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   left
                   at
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   suppos'd
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   these
                   Branches
                   shall
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   have
                   produc'd
                   at
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   fine
                   strong
                   ones
                   ,
                   both
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   besides
                   some
                   small
                   ones
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   grown
                   either
                   beneath
                   ,
                   or
                   above
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   newly
                   grown
                   ,
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   two
                   sides
                   agreeably
                   ,
                   which
                   (
                   to
                   advance
                   the
                   perfection
                   of
                   the
                   round
                   Figure
                   )
                   stood
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   that
                   help
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   first
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   both
                   had
                   produc'd
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   above
                   two
                   ,
                   either
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   or
                   against
                   it
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   without
                   doubt
                   resolve
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   close
                   those
                   among
                   these
                   new-commers
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   Situation
                   soever
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   favourably
                   enough
                   plac'd
                   to
                   conduce
                   to
                   our
                   Design
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   if
                   they
                   prove
                   higher
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   preserve
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   be
                   but
                   moderately
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   take
                   it
                   down
                   to
                   these
                   ,
                   to
                   strengthen
                   it
                   the
                   more
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   those
                   highest
                   may
                   be
                   cut
                   square
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-Piece
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   issue
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   if
                   those
                   unhappy
                   Branches
                   prove
                   lower
                   than
                   those
                   
                   that
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   situation
                   inclining
                   on
                   the
                   inside
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   otherwise
                   than
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   I
                   have
                   just
                   express'd
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   Pruning
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Pruning
                   perform'd
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   ,
                   often
                   serves
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   a
                   small
                   Branch
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   proceed
                   from
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   that
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   commonly
                   very
                   good
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   it
                   happens
                   likewise
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   Sap
                   finds
                   it self
                   stopt
                   thus
                   at
                   the
                   Overture
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   move
                   forwards
                   ,
                   it
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   return
                   back
                   ,
                   being
                   push'd
                   and
                   press'd
                   by
                   some
                   other
                   that
                   follows
                   it
                   close
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   go
                   out
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   it
                   happens
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   first
                   Sap
                   enters
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   superiour
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   nearest
                   to
                   that
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   ,
                   however
                   ,
                   had
                   already
                   a
                   Portion
                   suitable
                   to
                   its
                   thickness
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   cannot
                   enter
                   altogether
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   the
                   remainder
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   divided
                   ,
                   and
                   bursts
                   out
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   that
                   small
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   furnishes
                   us
                   with
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   good
                   little
                   Branches
                   which
                   vve
                   desire
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   Sometimes
                   vve
                   may
                   also
                   take
                   avvay
                   those
                   vvretched
                   Branches
                   slopingly
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   cut
                   them
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   inside
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   there
                   may
                   not
                   remain
                   the
                   least
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   enough
                   for
                   some
                   Nevv
                   Branches
                   to
                   shoot
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   likevvise
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   sloping
                   way
                   of
                   Pruning
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   practis'd
                   when
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   being
                   neither
                   altogether
                   outward
                   ,
                   nor
                   yet
                   wholly
                   inward
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   a
                   little
                   upon
                   the
                   side
                   ,
                   on
                   which
                   part
                   however
                   they
                   cannot
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   are
                   plac'd
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   that
                   slope
                   one
                   may
                   expect
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   a
                   Branch
                   shooting
                   wholly
                   outwards
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   be
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   capable
                   of
                   conducing
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   or
                   weak
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   fit
                   to
                   give
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   case
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   nothing
                   proceeds
                   from
                   that
                   slope
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   our
                   Tree
                   will
                   be
                   no
                   wise
                   alter'd
                   by
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   dare
                   be
                   bold
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Pruning
                   in
                   a
                   sloping
                   manner
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   New
                   Invention
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   Excellent
                   way
                   of
                   Pruning
                   to
                   be
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   little
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   whether
                   Old
                   or
                   Young
                   ,
                   when
                   some
                   Branches
                   ,
                   unhappily
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   just
                   explain'd
                   it
                   ,
                   give
                   us
                   cause
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   with
                   hopes
                   of
                   success
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   indeed
                   Infallible
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   succeeds
                   very
                   often
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   certain
                   never
                   spoils
                   any
                   thing
                   :
                   Therefore
                   I
                   advise
                   others
                   to
                   use
                   it
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   ;
                   I
                   generally
                   find
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   benefit
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   am
                   very
                   well
                   pleas'd
                   with
                   my self
                   for
                   having
                   invented
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Perhaps
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   relate
                   here
                   what
                   made
                   me
                   think
                   upon
                   it
                   ;
                   I
                   knew
                   ,
                   as
                   every
                   body
                   does
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   just
                   observ'd
                   it
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   perform'd
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   I
                   knew
                   ,
                   that
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   the
                   Sap
                   newly
                   form'd
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   regularly
                   presented
                   it self
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Channels
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   form'd
                   the
                   preceeding
                   year
                   ,
                   to
                   Nourish
                   ,
                   Thicken
                   ,
                   and
                   Lengthen
                   them
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   so
                   I
                   knew
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   certainly
                   to
                   return
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   perform
                   its
                   function
                   in
                   the
                   Branch
                   I
                   took
                   away
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   ignorant
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   taken
                   away
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   concluded
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   apparently
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   would
                   make
                   its
                   way
                   at
                   the
                   Place
                   where
                   it
                   found
                   it self
                   dam'd
                   up
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   found
                   room
                   enough
                   to
                   get
                   out
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   leaving
                   such
                   a
                   Place
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   a
                   Branch
                   would
                   shoot
                   from
                   it
                   to
                   do
                   me
                   a
                   kindness
                   .
                   Success
                   has
                   confirm'd
                   my
                   Reasoning
                   ,
                   and
                   Practice
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   from
                   a
                   Branch
                   that
                   was
                   grown
                   in
                   an
                   ill
                   and
                   troublesom
                   situation
                   ,
                   I
                   put
                   my self
                   in
                   a
                   way
                   of
                   drawing
                   a
                   considerable
                   advantage
                   for
                   my
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   should
                   happen
                   as
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   it
                   does
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   first
                   Branches
                   ,
                   we
                   speak
                   of
                   in
                   this
                   Chapter
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   produc'd
                   from
                   its
                   Extremity
                   but
                   one
                   thick
                   enough
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   small
                   ones
                   lower
                   ,
                   whilst
                   her
                   Neighbour
                   has
                   produc'd
                   the
                   two
                   we
                   expected
                   ;
                   or
                   this
                   having
                   really
                   produc'd
                   two
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   one
                   might
                   be
                   broken
                   ,
                   or
                   spoil'd
                   by
                   some
                   Accident
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   only
                   one
                   remain'd
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   :
                   These
                   are
                   two
                   Cases
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   material
                   to
                   Explain
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   growing
                   but
                   of
                   one
                   Branch
                   instead
                   of
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   Probability
                   were
                   to
                   have
                   grown
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   supposing
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   cause
                   to
                   judge
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Prun'd
                     Branch
                  
                   has
                   not
                   receiv'd
                   so
                   large
                   a
                   proportion
                   of
                   Sap
                   as
                   her
                   Companion
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   appear
                   in
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   it
                   shall
                   not
                   have
                   thicken'd
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   proceeds
                   from
                   some
                   inward
                   ,
                   un-fore-seen
                   ,
                   and
                   inevitable
                   defect
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   this
                   New
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   a
                   little
                   shorter
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   a
                   Prospect
                   that
                   apparently
                   it
                   will
                   yield
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   must
                   be
                   expected
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   where
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   wanted
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   with
                   this
                   Resolve
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   the
                   Original
                   Branch
                   shews
                   no
                   more
                   Vigour
                   than
                   the
                   fore-going
                   year
                   ,
                   neither
                   it
                   ,
                   nor
                   its
                   Off-spring
                   
                   must
                   hardly
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   ,
                   but
                   as
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   lasting
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   must
                   be
                   necessitated
                   to
                   endeavour
                   betimes
                   to
                   establish
                   the
                   foundation
                   of
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   our
                   Tree
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   may
                   proceed
                   from
                   its
                   Neighbours
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Case
                   ,
                   wherein
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   New
                   Branches
                   which
                   are
                   grown
                   from
                   a
                   Vigorous
                   one
                   ,
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   torn
                   off
                   ,
                   or
                   broken
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   second
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   remaining
                   Branch
                   prove
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   grown
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   grown
                   from
                   the
                   second
                   Eye
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   apparently
                   reckon
                   that
                   the
                   Sap
                   which
                   made
                   the
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   have
                   nourish'd
                   them
                   both
                   ,
                   had
                   they
                   remain'd
                   ,
                   will
                   come
                   altogether
                   into
                   the
                   remaining
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   so
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   at
                   least
                   produce
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   be
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   wish
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   observe
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ;
                   but
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   always
                   take
                   care
                   not
                   to
                   let
                   one
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   grow
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   the
                   Deformity
                   which
                   attends
                   that
                   Inequality
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   avoided
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   in
                   Pruning
                   such
                   a
                   Vigorous
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   left
                   alone
                   by
                   some
                   accident
                   befaln
                   to
                   her
                   Sister
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   regulate
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Pruning
                   we
                   perform
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   we
                   make
                   upon
                   the
                   opposite
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   not
                   profited
                   proportionably
                   to
                   what
                   it
                   had
                   done
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   whole
                   Figure
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Teee
                   comes
                   to
                   establish
                   it self
                   entirely
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   successively
                   must
                   come
                   from
                   the
                   vigorous
                   side
                   ,
                   a
                   Skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   the
                   Master
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   Operation
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   from
                   the
                   last
                   Eye
                   of
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   Branches
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   Eye
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   a
                   thick
                   one
                   should
                   have
                   proceeded
                   ;
                   if
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   should
                   bring
                   forth
                   a
                   weak
                   Branch
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   if
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   Eyes
                   have
                   produc'd
                   two
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   regularly
                   should
                   have
                   given
                   us
                   two
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   under
                   these
                   weak
                   ones
                   should
                   have
                   grown
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   this
                   ,
                   or
                   these
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   must
                   infallibly
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   their
                   weakness
                   procuring
                   them
                   that
                   Merit
                   in
                   regard
                   to
                   us
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   we
                   shall
                   preserve
                   them
                   very
                   preciously
                   ,
                   breaking
                   them
                   as
                   little
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   on
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   appear
                   too
                   weak
                   for
                   their
                   length
                   ,
                   or
                   leaving
                   them
                   untouch'd
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   seem
                   well
                   proportion'd
                   of
                   themselves
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   without
                   doubt
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   material
                   Advices
                   I
                   could
                   give
                   .
                
                 
                   Woe
                   to
                   those
                   Trees
                   which
                   shall
                   pass
                   through
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   who
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   this
                   Advice
                   ,
                   or
                   shall
                   take
                   away
                   those
                   weak
                   
                     Branches
                     '
                  
                   as
                   causing
                   any
                   deformity
                   to
                   the
                   wretched
                   Idea
                   they
                   have
                   form'd
                   to
                   themselves
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   have
                   really
                   fram'd
                   any
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   seldom
                   frame
                   any
                   ;
                   and
                   cut
                   pell-mell
                   ,
                   whatever
                   sort
                   of
                   Branches
                   fall
                   under
                   their
                   Hands
                   :
                   Those
                   Wretches
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   observe
                   or
                   mind
                   that
                   Fine
                   Fruit
                   never
                   spoils
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   place
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Murther
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   a
                   fine
                   disposition
                   to
                   Fruit
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   already
                   form'd
                   ,
                   although
                   an
                   ignorant
                   Man
                   does
                   not
                   know
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   lastly
                   ,
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   only
                   consists
                   ,
                   and
                   depends
                   absolutely
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   thus
                   grown
                   below
                   those
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   found
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   that
                   those
                   thick
                   Branches
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   shall
                   commonly
                   in
                   that
                   place
                   have
                   begun
                   to
                   follow
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   for
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   their
                   Thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   Length
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   grown
                   on
                   that
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   where
                   Naturally
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   that
                   Case
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   just
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   really
                   grown
                   from
                   that
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   of
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   supposing
                   they
                   may
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   length
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Strength
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   still
                   preserving
                   the
                   necessary
                   regard
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   for
                   the
                   Branches
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   shoot
                   from
                   the
                   last
                   Eyes
                   of
                   their
                   new
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   might
                   be
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ;
                   if
                   there
                   are
                   really
                   any
                   such
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   here
                   above
                   Explain'd
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   slopingly
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   best
                   for
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   may
                   begin
                   to
                   give
                   notice
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Branch
                   which
                   was
                   left
                   long
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   Nature
                   should
                   always
                   remain
                   weak
                   ,
                   may
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   chance
                   to
                   thicken
                   in
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   manner
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   produce
                   one
                   ,
                   or
                   many
                   thick
                   ones
                   on
                   its
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   while
                   that
                   those
                   thick
                   ones
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   short
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   remain
                   almost
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Condition
                   ,
                   and
                   only
                   produce
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   the
                   Sap
                   having
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   alter'd
                   its
                   Course
                   ,
                   just
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   in
                   some
                   Rivers
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   submit
                   to
                   that
                   alteration
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   prevented
                   ,
                   nor
                   hardly
                   alter'd
                   when
                   once
                   form'd
                   ;
                   therefore
                   we
                   must
                   begin
                   the
                   very
                   next
                   year
                   after
                   that
                   alteration
                   ,
                   to
                   use
                   that
                   Branch
                   like
                   a
                   Wood-Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   alter'd
                   its
                   property
                   ,
                   is
                   
                   become
                   a
                   Wood-Branch
                   ,
                   from
                   being
                   a
                   Fruit-Branch
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   likewise
                   alter
                   our
                   Method
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   ,
                   from
                   being
                   a
                   Wood-Branch
                   ,
                   is
                   become
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   nothing
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   see
                   a
                   Tree
                   grow
                   thin
                   towards
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   which
                   part
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   fullest
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   so
                   very
                   sollicitous
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   should
                   ever
                   be
                   left
                   long
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   perhaps
                   on
                   some
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   to
                   let
                   them
                   take
                   up
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   Year
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   part
                   of
                   that
                   Sap
                   which
                   might
                   prove
                   troublesom
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   remove
                   them
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   bears
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   extraordinary
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   never
                   done
                   without
                   good
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   ever
                   proves
                   advantageous
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Way
                   of
                   Pruning
                   thick
                   Branches
                   long
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Fault
                   most
                   Gard'ners
                   are
                   guilty
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   knowing
                   ,
                   or
                   taking
                   notice
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Fruit-Trees
                   are
                   not
                   capable
                   of
                   furnishing
                   at
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   a
                   great
                   Extent
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   fill
                   at
                   once
                   both
                   the
                   Top
                   and
                   Bottom
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   naturally
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   our
                   Intention
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Beauty
                   we
                   affect
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   incline
                   to
                   grow
                   upwards
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   that
                   Bottom
                   which
                   shou'd
                   be
                   fullest
                   ,
                   remains
                   most
                   bare
                   ,
                   unless
                   we
                   use
                   a
                   particular
                   Application
                   to
                   oppose
                   in
                   this
                   the
                   Course
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   seeks
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   ,
                   to
                   deceive
                   us
                   :
                   Therefore
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   stop
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   prune
                   those
                   thick
                   Branches
                   short
                   enough
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   they
                   never
                   shoot
                   much
                   in
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   they
                   proceed
                   ;
                   but
                   only
                   on
                   their
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   whatever
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   high
                   or
                   low
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Defect
                   of
                   Thinness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   minded
                   in
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   is
                   yet
                   much
                   more
                   observable
                   in
                   Wall-Trees
                   ;
                   where
                   ,
                   among
                   unskilful
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   we
                   seldom
                   see
                   any
                   thing
                   but
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   well
                   cover'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   even
                   
                   Garland-wise
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   commonly
                   all
                   the
                   new
                   Branches
                   exceed
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   spend
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ;
                   which
                   obliges
                   them
                   to
                   cut
                   those
                   wretched
                   Branches
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   times
                   in
                   a
                   Summer
                   ,
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   Disorders
                   of
                   the
                   Wind
                   ;
                   while
                   the
                   Heart
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   only
                   compos'd
                   of
                   long
                   ,
                   blackish
                   ,
                   mossy
                   ,
                   wrinckled
                   Branches
                   ,
                   destitute
                   of
                   those
                   other
                   little
                   ones
                   that
                   shou'd
                   accompany
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   even
                   often
                   full
                   of
                   Scars
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   which
                   shou'd
                   be
                   cover'd
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   always
                   beginning
                   from
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   appears
                   quite
                   bare
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   .
                
                 
                   Granting
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   must
                   seldom
                   ,
                   or
                   never
                   be
                   left
                   long
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   form
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   some
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   farthest
                   sides
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   yet
                   less
                   allowable
                   the
                   following
                   Years
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   grown
                   from
                   that
                   which
                   having
                   been
                   left
                   long
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   is
                   afterwards
                   grown
                   thick
                   ,
                   by
                   an
                   unexpected
                   and
                   extraordinary
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap.
                   
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   another
                   dangerous
                   Rock
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   few
                   save
                   themselves
                   :
                   Therefore
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   performing
                   our
                   Pruning
                   upon
                   a
                   thick
                   and
                   long
                   Branch
                   ,
                   shot
                   from
                   one
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   left
                   long
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   we
                   shou'd
                   descend
                   ,
                   or
                   come
                   down
                   to
                   that
                   old
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   shorten
                   it
                   ,
                   leaving
                   it
                   no
                   more
                   length
                   than
                   it
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   allow'd
                   ,
                   had
                   it
                   been
                   at
                   first
                   of
                   the
                   thickness
                   it
                   is
                   grown
                   since
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   if
                   such
                   an
                   old
                   Branch
                   shou'd
                   not
                   prove
                   of
                   an
                   excessive
                   length
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   prune
                   all
                   the
                   new
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   grown
                   from
                   it
                   so
                   close
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   remain
                   ,
                   whence
                   any
                   thing
                   new
                   might
                   proceed
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   these
                   two
                   Cases
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   an
                   old
                   Branch
                   ,
                   so
                   order'd
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   fail
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   following
                   Spring
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   others
                   on
                   its
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   some
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   for
                   Wood
                   ;
                   among
                   which
                   ,
                   those
                   must
                   be
                   chosen
                   that
                   are
                   fittest
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Maxims
                   heretofore
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   prun'd
                   like
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   continu'd
                   to
                   be
                   order'd
                   as
                   such
                   ,
                   while
                   Nature
                   causes
                   no
                   alteration
                   in
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     second
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     that
                     on
                     the
                     first
                     Year
                     had
                     produc'd
                     three
                     fine
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   produc'd
                   at
                   first
                   but
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   being
                   prun'd
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   second
                   time
                   it
                   cou'd
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   had
                   produc'd
                   three
                   proper
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   regard
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   I
                   need
                   add
                   any
                   thing
                   to
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   preceding
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   to
                   avoid
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   every
                   Branch
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   two
                   Inches
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   we
                   have
                   been
                   speaking
                   of
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   procure
                   both
                   
                   Overture
                   and
                   Roundness
                   to
                   the
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Fulness
                   and
                   Roundness
                   to
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   great
                   regard
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   for
                   the
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   last
                   Eyes
                   or
                   Buds
                   on
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   the
                   
                     prun'd
                     Branches
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   proceed
                   from
                   those
                   Eyes
                   may
                   be
                   happily
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   happiness
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   new
                   Tree
                   produces
                   three
                   fine
                   Branches
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   :
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   yet
                   better
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   it
                   produces
                   two
                   more
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   each
                   of
                   those
                   three
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   may
                   inform
                   you
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   ,
                   on
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Prun'd
                     Branch
                  
                   of
                   a
                   fitting
                   length
                   be
                   capable
                   of
                   producing
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   thick
                   new
                   one
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   we
                   have
                   occasion
                   but
                   for
                   one
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   Eye
                   may
                   indeed
                   be
                   inward
                   ,
                   but
                   never
                   the
                   second
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   second
                   Eye
                   must
                   either
                   be
                   broken
                   ,
                   or
                   torn
                   off
                   ,
                   if
                   required
                   by
                   the
                   disposition
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   come
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   either
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown-piece
                   ,
                   or
                   sloping
                   ,
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   judg'd
                   most
                   convenient
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     second
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     which
                     had
                     produc'd
                     the
                     first
                     Year
                     four
                     fine
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     or
                     more
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   TO
                   Prune
                   for
                   the
                   second
                   time
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   had
                   produc'd
                   four
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   more
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   this
                   Tree
                   has
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   more
                   Vigour
                   than
                   all
                   the
                   others
                   we
                   have
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   requires
                   more
                   Application
                   and
                   Skill
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   let
                   it
                   fall
                   into
                   those
                   Inconveniences
                   wherewith
                   it
                   is
                   threaten'd
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   say
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   sometimes
                   to
                   preserve
                   some
                   Branches
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   are
                   no
                   ways
                   conducing
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   but
                   serve
                   to
                   consume
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Sa●
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   but
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   might
                   cause
                   any
                   Confusion
                   .
                   Those
                   Branches
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   Temporary
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   prun'd
                   without
                   Consequence
                   ;
                   so
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   left
                   long
                   ,
                   since
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   wholly
                   taken
                   away
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   form'd
                   ,
                   and
                   produces
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   essential
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   begun
                   to
                   prune
                   them
                   all
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   preceding
                   Trees
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   about
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   at
                   most
                   ;
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   avoid
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   perniclous
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   avoided
                   at
                   any
                   rate
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   an
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   without
                   such
                   a
                   precaution
                   ,
                   wou'd
                   not
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   great
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   might
                   convert
                   into
                   Branches
                   all
                   the
                   Eyes
                   that
                   shou'd
                   have
                   turn'd
                   into
                   Flower-Buds
                   ,
                   had
                   their
                   Nourishment
                   been
                   more
                   moderate
                   .
                
                 
                   Such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   Year
                   ,
                   appears
                   in
                   a
                   manner
                   quite
                   form'd
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   new
                   Branches
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   prun'd
                   shall
                   have
                   produc'd
                   on
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   chuse
                   those
                   that
                   conduce
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   to
                   prune
                   them
                   again
                   ,
                   partly
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   length
                   as
                   those
                   had
                   been
                   prun'd
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Time
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   they
                   proceed
                   ;
                   endeavouring
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   whether
                   the
                   Branch
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   prun'd
                   may
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   produce
                   two
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   both
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   prove
                   fit
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   our
                   Design
                   :
                   Or
                   in
                   case
                   one
                   must
                   be
                   quite
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   let
                   it
                   commonly
                   be
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   possible
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   the
                   lowest
                   may
                   always
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   fittest
                   to
                   form
                   or
                   preserve
                   the
                   Beauty
                   we
                   look
                   for
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   place
                   which
                   is
                   cut
                   shall
                   be
                   (
                   to
                   use
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   Term
                   )
                   quickly
                   cover'd
                   again
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   as
                   an
                   Ornament
                   in
                   a
                   Tree
                   ;
                   but
                   besides
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   make
                   no
                   Wound
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   shall
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   the
                   Tree
                   will
                   thereby
                   be
                   infallibly
                   handsomer
                   and
                   sounder
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   be
                   observ'd
                   to
                   continue
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   common
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   to
                   augment
                   visibly
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   Confusion
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   more
                   than
                   ever
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   Heart
                   of
                   our
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   our
                   Wall-Fruit-Tree
                   ,
                   whatever
                   Trees
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   of
                   either
                   kind
                   ,
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     Apple-Trees
                     ,
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     Cherry-Trees
                     ,
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   Therefore
                   that
                   second
                   Pruning
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   yet
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   particularly
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   appears
                   inclinable
                   to
                   close
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   length
                   must
                   be
                   about
                   a
                   large
                   Foot
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   ,
                   to
                   employ
                   that
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   we
                   judge
                   ,
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   restrain'd
                   ,
                   nor
                   contain'd
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   space
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Upon
                   condition
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   other
                   good
                   Branches
                   shall
                   be
                   grown
                   ,
                   which
                   shall
                   begin
                   to
                   open
                   the
                   Dwarf
                   reasonably
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   fill
                   sufficiently
                   our
                   Wall-Fruit-Tree
                   ,
                   especially
                   the
                   Tree
                   beginning
                   to
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   upon
                   condition
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   then
                   we
                   shall
                   return
                   to
                   our
                   ordinary
                   Pruning
                   of
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Inches
                   upon
                   the
                   most
                   vigorous
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   upon
                   the
                   moderate
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   great
                   Fury
                   seldom
                   fails
                   of
                   diminishing
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Years
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   been
                   well
                   govern'd
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   all
                   those
                   little
                   Branches
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   taken
                   care
                   to
                   procure
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   afterwards
                   preserv'd
                   with
                   Care
                   ,
                   begin
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   an
                   ample
                   Recompence
                   for
                   all
                   our
                   Cares
                   :
                   And
                   even
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   prune
                   over
                   again
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   great
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   had
                   oblig'd
                   us
                   to
                   leave
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   length
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   we
                   aim
                   still
                   at
                   extending
                   ,
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Overture
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   employ
                   usefully
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   indispenceably
                   to
                   preserve
                   its
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   upon
                   those
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   begin
                   to
                   perform
                   some
                   Masterly
                   Strokes
                   :
                   We
                   must
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   done
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Fountains
                   ,
                   make
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Cupping
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   ,
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Superficial
                   Discharge
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   leave
                   upon
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   use
                   ,
                   some
                   Branches
                   cut
                   Stump-wise
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   some
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   though
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   ,
                   for
                   some
                   Years
                   space
                   ,
                   that
                   furious
                   Sap
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   may
                   lose
                   it self
                   in
                   vain
                   ,
                   which
                   otherwise
                   might
                   disorder
                   some
                   of
                   our
                   principal
                   Parts
                   :
                   And
                   even
                   ,
                   if
                   upon
                   those
                   sort
                   of
                   Trees
                   any
                   Branches
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   a
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   may
                   serve
                   towards
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   us'd
                   as
                   such
                   ;
                   being
                   certain
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   will
                   take
                   up
                   the
                   greatest
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   the
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   produc'd
                   those
                   false
                   ones
                   ,
                   will
                   receive
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   will
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   the
                   sooner
                   ;
                   these
                   false
                   Branches
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   performing
                   the
                   same
                   Effect
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   good
                   ones
                   cou'd
                   have
                   done
                   .
                
                 
                   Such
                   Branches
                   may
                   likewise
                   be
                   left
                   ,
                   where-ever
                   the
                   Overture
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   shall
                   not
                   be
                   prejudic'd
                   by
                   them
                   ;
                   from
                   whence
                   ,
                   the
                   Tree
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   at
                   pleasure
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   without
                   any
                   prejudice
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   provided
                   always
                   they
                   cause
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   the
                   greatest
                   harm
                   that
                   can
                   happen
                   to
                   a
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   ,
                   to
                   moderate
                   the
                   great
                   Fury
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   our selves
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   two
                   things
                   are
                   particularly
                   required
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Overture
                   ;
                   which
                   are
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   length
                   and
                   multitude
                   of
                   good
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   plac'd
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   cause
                   no
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   Plurality
                   of
                   Out-lets
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   through
                   which
                   that
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   may
                   perform
                   its
                   Effect
                   ,
                   since
                   we
                   cou'd
                   not
                   hinder
                   it
                   from
                   doing
                   it
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   my
                   Tree
                   will
                   permit
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   some
                   
                     Branch
                     ,
                     prun'd
                  
                   the
                   preceding
                   Year
                   ,
                   has
                   produc'd
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   all
                   pretty
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   I
                   often
                   do
                   not
                   retrench
                   them
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   having
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   I
                   preserve
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   next
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   them
                   reasonably
                   long
                   .
                   Besides
                   this
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   preserve
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   I
                   cut
                   the
                   highest
                   Stump-wise
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   I
                   preserve
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   under
                   them
                   ,
                   either
                   on
                   the
                   out-side
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   Stumps
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   form'd
                   like
                   the
                   Hooks
                   of
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   each
                   about
                   two
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   annex'd
                   hereunto
                   ;
                   which
                   succeeds
                   very
                   well
                   to
                   me
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   infallibly
                   happens
                   in
                   those
                   Stumps
                   ,
                   or
                   Hooks
                   ,
                   a
                   Discharge
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   produces
                   some
                   favourable
                   Branches
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   Fruit
                   when
                   they
                   prove
                   weak
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   become
                   in
                   time
                   fit
                   Branches
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   strong
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   way
                   always
                   is
                   to
                   lower
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   taking
                   away
                   the
                   highest
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   lowest
                   ;
                   and
                   not
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   highest
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   cannot
                   fill
                   both
                   at
                   top
                   and
                   bottom
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   rather
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   remain
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   rise
                   high
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   well
                   fill'd
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   kind
                   of
                   Stumps
                   and
                   Hooks
                   will
                   not
                   please
                   our
                   Gard'ners
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   who
                   neither
                   know
                   my
                   Principles
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   Cupping
                   ;
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   explain'd
                   here
                   above
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   known
                   my
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   and
                   long
                   Experience
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   neither
                   approve
                   ,
                   or
                   try
                   them
                   ,
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   worse
                   for
                   them
                   ;
                   they
                   must
                   give
                   me
                   leave
                   to
                   pity
                   their
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   or
                   Obstinacy
                   .
                
                 
              
               
                 
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     that
                     must
                     be
                     perform'd
                     the
                     Third
                     Year
                     ,
                     upon
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     
                       Trees
                       planted
                    
                     within
                     Four
                     Years
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THis
                   Case
                   does
                   not
                   require
                   the
                   preceding
                   Distinctions
                   we
                   have
                   made
                   ,
                   to
                   determine
                   what
                   was
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   Trees
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   smaller
                   or
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Branches
                   they
                   had
                   produc'd
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   :
                   They
                   must
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   four
                   Years
                   ,
                   be
                   partly
                   all
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Classis
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   all
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   an
                   equal
                   quantity
                   of
                   thick
                   Branches
                   :
                   But
                   however
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   must
                   have
                   produc'd
                   a
                   sufficient
                   number
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   a
                   Head
                   entirely
                   form'd
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   even
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   produc'd
                   but
                   one
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   shou'd
                   have
                   produc'd
                   but
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   in
                   the
                   fourth
                   ,
                   still
                   there
                   shou'd
                   be
                   nothing
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   since
                   that
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   partly
                   fall
                   under
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   which
                   at
                   first
                   had
                   produc'd
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   producing
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   thick
                   Branch
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   regulate
                   your self
                   upon
                   the
                   meanness
                   of
                   its
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   keeping
                   the
                   thickest
                   Branches
                   short
                   ,
                   and
                   expecting
                   but
                   one
                   thick
                   one
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   each
                   ,
                   making
                   it
                   ever
                   grow
                   on
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   the
                   Figure
                   requires
                   it
                   most
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   must
                   always
                   inviolably
                   follow
                   the
                   Idea
                   of
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   we
                   have
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   propos'd
                   to
                   our selves
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   fail
                   to
                   proportion
                   the
                   Burthen
                   of
                   the
                   Head
                   to
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   in
                   leaving
                   more
                   and
                   longer
                   Branches
                   on
                   a
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   less
                   and
                   shorter
                   on
                   that
                   which
                   appears
                   weak
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   many
                   old
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   preserv'd
                   on
                   a
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   provided
                   there
                   be
                   no
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   ease
                   a
                   weak
                   Tree
                   of
                   the
                   Burthen
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   and
                   out
                   them
                   short
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   shoot
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   can
                   ,
                   with
                   resolution
                   to
                   pull
                   it
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   perform
                   it
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   a
                   better
                   must
                   be
                   plac'd
                   in
                   its
                   room
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   taken
                   away
                   all
                   the
                   old
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   judg'd
                   to
                   be
                   either
                   ill
                   ,
                   or
                   worn
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   put
                   new
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   still
                   forewarn
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   Provision
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   for
                   those
                   Branches
                   that
                   may
                   proceed
                   from
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   prepare
                   some
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   Assurance
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   high
                   Branch
                   is
                   taken
                   down
                   over
                   a
                   lower
                   ,
                   this
                   being
                   strengthen'd
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   that
                   wou'd
                   have
                   gone
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   taken
                   away
                   ;
                   this
                   low
                   Branch
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   will
                   produce
                   more
                   Branches
                   than
                   it
                   shou'd
                   have
                   done
                   ,
                   had
                   it
                   receiv'd
                   no
                   Re-inforcement
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   short
                   ,
                   when
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   Principles
                   ,
                   a
                   young
                   Tree
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   conducted
                   to
                   a
                   fourth
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   the
                   Effect
                   will
                   infallibly
                   have
                   made
                   good
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   promis'd
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   beautiful
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   then
                   appear
                   in
                   its
                   prime
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   Pears
                   then
                   begin
                   to
                   shew
                   a
                   Sample
                   ,
                   and
                   Stone-Fruit
                   abundance
                   :
                   After
                   this
                   ,
                   apparently
                   every
                   body
                   must
                   be
                   capable
                   thenceforward
                   to
                   manage
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   without
                   needing
                   any
                   other
                   Instructions
                   than
                   the
                   preceding
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   no
                   other
                   new
                   ones
                   to
                   give
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   wou'd
                   be
                   ridiculous
                   and
                   tiresom
                   to
                   repeat
                   the
                   same
                   things
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   establish'd
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   seldom
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Garden
                   ,
                   though
                   order'd
                   alike
                   ,
                   prove
                   equally
                   vigorous
                   ;
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   Children
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Father
                   ,
                   all
                   equally
                   healthy
                   :
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Men
                   ,
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   Accidents
                   ,
                   that
                   can
                   neither
                   be
                   fore-seen
                   ,
                   nor
                   avoided
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Trees
                   of
                   a
                   Garden
                   may
                   be
                   form'd
                   agreeably
                   in
                   their
                   Figure
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   things
                   to
                   which
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   is
                   oblig'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Above
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   advise
                   every
                   body
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   obstinate
                   in
                   preserving
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   yearly
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Summer
                   ,
                   grow
                   extream
                   yellow
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   produc'd
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   nor
                   those
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   likewise
                   die
                   every
                   Year
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   commonly
                   
                     Trees
                     graffed
                  
                   upon
                   Quince
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   Roots
                   are
                   dead
                   ,
                   or
                   rotrotten
                   :
                   They
                   are
                   Trees
                   that
                   produce
                   but
                   small
                   Roots
                   at
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   Roots
                   that
                   are
                   expos'd
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Injuries
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Spade
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   thing
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Peach-Trees
                   that
                   appear
                   the
                   first
                   Years
                   to
                   gather
                   Gum
                   at
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   extreamly
                   attack'd
                   with
                   certain
                   little
                   Fleas
                   and
                   Pismires
                   .
                   Such
                   Peach-Trees
                   have
                   certainly
                   some
                   rotten
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   never
                   do
                   well
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   am
                   likewise
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Opinion
                   for
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   shoot
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   little
                   ,
                   weak
                   ,
                   sapless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   thick
                   ones
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   ;
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   :
                   In
                   which
                   case
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   time
                   may
                   be
                   lost
                   upon
                   ill-grounded
                   hopes
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   which
                   is
                   best
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   all
                   these
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   to
                   remove
                   such
                   Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   extreamly
                   old
                   ,
                   or
                   spoil'd
                   by
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   venture
                   to
                   plant
                   them
                   again
                   in
                   some
                   other
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   good
                   Ground
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   cleans'd
                   them
                   of
                   all
                   their
                   Rottenness
                   and
                   Cankers
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   see
                   if
                   they
                   will
                   come
                   to
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   elsewhere
                   ;
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   with
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   but
                   very
                   seldom
                   with
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   especially
                   Peach-Trees
                   ;
                   still
                   putting
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Conditions
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Trees
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     Planted
                     with
                     many
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AFter
                   having
                   sufficiently
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   my
                   Aversion
                   to
                   plant
                   little
                   Trees
                   with
                   many
                   Branches
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   willing
                   at
                   present
                   to
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   I
                   seldom
                   plant
                   any
                   ,
                   those
                   who
                   will
                   do
                   me
                   the
                   honour
                   to
                   imitate
                   me
                   ,
                   will
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   Those
                   that
                   will
                   plant
                   such
                   ,
                   must
                   principally
                   observe
                   two
                   things
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   whatever
                   may
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   not
                   proper
                   to
                   begin
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   .
                   The
                   second
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   Length
                   of
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Inches
                   to
                   every
                   Branch
                   they
                   preserve
                   upon
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   Branches
                   that
                   shall
                   proceed
                   from
                   these
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   regulate
                   themselves
                   upon
                   the
                   Principles
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   establish'd
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   other
                   Trees
                   :
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   
                     Trees
                     ,
                     planted
                  
                   with
                   Branches
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   commonly
                   so
                   easily
                   turn'd
                   to
                   receive
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   I
                   affect
                   to
                   plant
                   :
                   The
                   old
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   left
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   often
                   happy
                   in
                   producing
                   others
                   on
                   their
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   yet
                   less
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   well-plac'd
                   ;
                   they
                   generally
                   produce
                   them
                   disorderly
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   must
                   be
                   often
                   wounded
                   ,
                   before
                   what
                   is
                   desir'd
                   can
                   be
                   met
                   with
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   at
                   last
                   attain'd
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   following
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   distinctly
                   enough
                   for
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   been
                   planted
                   without
                   any
                   Branches
                   ,
                   has
                   since
                   produc'd
                   some
                   very
                   fine
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   well
                   plac'd
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   when
                   Trees
                   have
                   been
                   planted
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   more
                   and
                   longer
                   Branches
                   than
                   they
                   shou'd
                   have
                   been
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   appears
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   disposition
                   towards
                   the
                   Figure
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   wish
                   for
                   ,
                   Endeavours
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   immediately
                   to
                   reduce
                   them
                   upon
                   a
                   fine
                   Beginning
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   conformably
                   to
                   the
                   Ideas
                   of
                   Beauty
                   so
                   often
                   explain'd
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   we
                   shall
                   say
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   old
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   never
                   been
                   order'd
                   well
                   ,
                   may
                   serve
                   altogether
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   these
                   ,
                   without
                   saying
                   any
                   thing
                   more
                   about
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Though
                   commonly
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   low
                   Standards
                   ,
                   or
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   I
                   condemn
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Planting
                   little
                   Trees
                   with
                   many
                   Branches
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Inconveniences
                   which
                   attend
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   ,
                   however
                   ,
                   so
                   severe
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   high
                   Standards
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   condemn
                   it
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   require
                   so
                   great
                   an
                   Exactness
                   for
                   their
                   Beauty
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   I
                   allow
                   they
                   shou'd
                   be
                   planted
                   sometimes
                   with
                   some
                   Branches
                   on
                   their
                   heads
                   ,
                   when
                   some
                   are
                   found
                   well
                   enough
                   dispos'd
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   they
                   will
                   certainly
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   sooner
                   than
                   the
                   others
                   :
                   But
                   still
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   particular
                   Esteem
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   planted
                   without
                   any
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   other
                   Occasions
                   in
                   which
                   a
                   Tree
                   may
                   be
                   planted
                   with
                   many
                   Branches
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Plantation
                   ,
                   where
                   some
                   other
                   is
                   dead
                   ;
                   for
                   supposing
                   the
                   Ground
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   good
                   Mould
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Hole
                   ,
                   made
                   to
                   plant
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   a
                   Tree
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   planted
                   with
                   some
                   Branches
                   ,
                   especially
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   difficult
                   to
                   fructifie
                   .
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   your
                   
                     Lady-Thigh
                     ,
                     Pears
                  
                   without
                   
                     Rinds
                     ,
                     Virgoulez
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXVI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     High-Standards
                     ,
                     
                       or
                       Tall
                       Body'd
                    
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   Principles
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   has
                   been
                   very
                   great
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Principles
                   for
                   Pruning
                   of
                   High-Standards
                   Planted
                   in
                   open
                   Wind
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   very
                   small
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   to
                   High-standards
                   Planted
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   require
                   the
                   same
                   Precautions
                   as
                   the
                   little
                   ones
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   instead
                   of
                   medling
                   yearly
                   with
                   those
                   Great
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   only
                   desire
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   touch'd
                   once
                   or
                   twice
                   in
                   the
                   beginnings
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   first
                   years
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   remove
                   some
                   Branches
                   from
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   cause
                   a
                   confusion
                   there
                   ;
                   or
                   to
                   shorten
                   a
                   side
                   which
                   rises
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   or
                   bring
                   another
                   nearer
                   ,
                   which
                   extends
                   farther
                   than
                   in
                   reason
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   do
                   :
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   remainder
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   refer
                   it
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   let
                   her
                   produce
                   freely
                   what
                   she
                   can
                   ,
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   much
                   pain
                   and
                   labour
                   to
                   order
                   these
                   with
                   as
                   much
                   Circumspection
                   as
                   the
                   others
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXVII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Conduct
                     of
                     Graffs
                     in
                     Slits
                     made
                     and
                     multiply'd
                     upon
                     Old
                     Trees
                     ,
                     in
                     place
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     or
                     Espaliers
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   NOthing
                   is
                   so
                   common
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Graff
                   in
                   Slits
                   upon
                   Old
                   Trees
                   ,
                   be
                   it
                   either
                   to
                   be
                   rid
                   of
                   some
                   ill
                   Fruit
                   we
                   are
                   weary
                   of
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   improve
                   some
                   considerable
                   Novelty
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   discover'd
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   often
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   even
                   spare
                   good
                   kinds
                   ,
                   of
                   such
                   Trees
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Number
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   as
                   many
                   things
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   upon
                   those
                   sort
                   of
                   Graffs
                   ,
                   and
                   first
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   so
                   little
                   thickness
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   receive
                   above
                   one
                   ,
                   as
                   none
                   are
                   commonly
                   apply'd
                   without
                   having
                   three
                   Eyes
                   ;
                   it
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   happen
                   that
                   every
                   such
                   Graff
                   shall
                   produce
                   three
                   fine
                   Branches
                   fit
                   to
                   lay
                   the
                   foundation
                   of
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   have
                   recourse
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   heretofore
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   had
                   produc'd
                   three
                   fair
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   and
                   may
                   allow
                   them
                   about
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   more
                   in
                   length
                   ;
                   if
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   all
                   likelyhood
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   happen
                   ,
                   the
                   Graff
                   has
                   produc'd
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   Twigs
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   appears
                   inclinable
                   to
                   close
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   to
                   be
                   Graffed
                   is
                   thick
                   enough
                   to
                   receive
                   two
                   Graffs
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   when
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   good
                   Inch
                   Diameter
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   the
                   two
                   Graffs
                   produce
                   each
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   then
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   study
                   hard
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   great
                   confusion
                   that
                   is
                   threaten'd
                   here
                   by
                   the
                   great
                   Proximity
                   of
                   Graffs
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   we
                   must
                   study
                   to
                   open
                   ;
                   therefore
                   among
                   those
                   Branches
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   being
                   thick
                   and
                   inwards
                   ,
                   form
                   that
                   defect
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   never
                   suffer
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   either
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   ,
                   or
                   slopingly
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Prudence
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   shall
                   prescribe
                   :
                   After
                   which
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   shall
                   be
                   perform'd
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   than
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Planted
                   within
                   a
                   year
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   quickly
                   to
                   finish
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Matter
                   be
                   fit
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   imploy
                   for
                   a
                   certain
                   time
                   the
                   overplus
                   of
                   Sap
                   we
                   judge
                   fit
                   for
                   our
                   Designs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Plurality
                   of
                   Branches
                   may
                   comprehend
                   those
                   Stumps
                   and
                   temporary
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   kind
                   of
                   Hooks
                   that
                   are
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   spoken
                   of
                   heretofore
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   regards
                   must
                   be
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   more
                   severity
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Overture
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Prunings
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   
                     Graffed
                     Tree
                  
                   has
                   been
                   capable
                   of
                   receiving
                   upon
                   its
                   head
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Graffs
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   when
                   you
                   Graff
                   Crown-wise
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   much
                   the
                   rather
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   having
                   several
                   thick
                   Branches
                   all
                   pretty
                   near
                   the
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   capable
                   of
                   receiving
                   several
                   Graffs
                   on
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   it
                   comes
                   to
                   be
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   Such
                   a
                   Tree
                   is
                   apparently
                   a
                   little
                   Old
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   vigorous
                   enough
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Sap
                   which
                   was
                   prepar'd
                   by
                   the
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   its
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   sufficient
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   and
                   Maintenance
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   long
                   and
                   strong
                   Branches
                   ,
                   finding
                   it self
                   pent
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   little
                   compass
                   of
                   those
                   Graffs
                   ,
                   produces
                   generally
                   there
                   Branches
                   
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   thickness
                   and
                   length
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   pretty
                   often
                   one
                   Eye
                   produces
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Branches
                   ,
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   strong
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   such
                   Cases
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Prudence
                   of
                   a
                   Skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   is
                   requir'd
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   of
                   that
                   great
                   Vigour
                   thus
                   reduc'd
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   a
                   wise
                   Conduct
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   a
                   Tree
                   may
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   bear
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   :
                   Nothing
                   is
                   more
                   common
                   than
                   to
                   see
                   such
                   Graffs
                   ill
                   order'd
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   so
                   ,
                   Cobbled
                   and
                   Massacred
                   ;
                   and
                   Consequently
                   woe
                   to
                   that
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   time
                   falls
                   under
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   an
                   ignorant
                   Gard'ner
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Overture
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   reasonable
                   length
                   of
                   certain
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   essentially
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   the
                   Plurality
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   as
                   well
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   short
                   and
                   long
                   Stumps
                   ,
                   &c.
                   as
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   imploy'd
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   remov'd
                   at
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   without
                   harming
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   such
                   Prunings
                   as
                   are
                   perform'd
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   great
                   length
                   of
                   the
                   weakest
                   
                     Branches
                     for
                     Fruit
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   All
                   these
                   together
                   are
                   Soveraign
                   Remedies
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   easie
                   against
                   the
                   disorders
                   that
                   might
                   arise
                   from
                   such
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   so
                   reduc'd
                   within
                   a
                   small
                   compass
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   how
                   many
                   ill-favour'd
                   Trees
                   are
                   daily
                   seen
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   having
                   good
                   Principles
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   not
                   having
                   Practis'd
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fourth
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   third
                   ,
                   and
                   fourth
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   longer
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   falls
                   out
                   so
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   labour
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   aforesaid
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Tree
                   begins
                   to
                   yield
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   you
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   return
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Inches
                   upon
                   each
                   Branch
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   take
                   them
                   lower
                   from
                   year
                   to
                   year
                   ,
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   your
                   Tree
                   always
                   well
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   which
                   you
                   cannot
                   arrive
                   to
                   by
                   any
                   other
                   means
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   I
                   have
                   now
                   said
                   in
                   general
                   upon
                   Old
                   
                     Trees
                     Graffed
                  
                   a-new
                   in
                   Place
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   indifferently
                   apply'd
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   Dwarf-standards
                   as
                   to
                   Wall-Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   ever
                   propose
                   to
                   our selves
                   the
                   fine
                   Ideas
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   recommended
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ;
                   knowing
                   for
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   confusion
                   and
                   thinness
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   dangerous
                   Consequence
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   tho'
                   we
                   must
                   grant
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   conveniency
                   of
                   tacking
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Wall-Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   of
                   constraining
                   them
                   to
                   lye
                   as
                   we
                   would
                   have
                   them
                   ,
                   renders
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   them
                   much
                   easier
                   ,
                   more
                   secure
                   ,
                   and
                   quicker
                   for
                   success
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   for
                   Dwarf-standards
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXVIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     what
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     in
                     Cases
                     not
                     foreseen
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     pretty
                     common
                     to
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     even
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     manag'd
                     according
                     to
                     all
                     the
                     Rules
                     of
                     Art.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Think
                   I
                   may
                   suppose
                   ,
                   that
                   whoever
                   has
                   with
                   a
                   sufficient
                   application
                   read
                   over
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   establish'd
                   here
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   has
                   acquir'd
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Knowledge
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   understand
                   it
                   well
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   put
                   it
                   in
                   Practice
                   with
                   Pleasure
                   and
                   Advantage
                   :
                   To
                   tell
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   be
                   infinitely
                   deceiv'd
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   not
                   so
                   ,
                   having
                   made
                   it
                   my
                   study
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Care
                   imaginable
                   ,
                   to
                   render
                   my self
                   intelligible
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   the
                   Ignorant
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Novice
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Man
                   of
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   whether
                   Gard'ner
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   who
                   shall
                   be
                   desirous
                   to
                   know
                   my
                   Sentiments
                   upon
                   this
                   Matter
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   must
                   add
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   yet
                   to
                   arrive
                   to
                   a
                   greater
                   perfection
                   of
                   Knowledge
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   ,
                   for
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   ,
                   to
                   endeavour
                   the
                   putting
                   in
                   Practice
                   upon
                   young
                   Trees
                   both
                   the
                   Principles
                   and
                   Manner
                   I
                   use
                   :
                   Experience
                   far
                   exceeding
                   Theory
                   ,
                   or
                   Speculation
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   all
                   other
                   practicable
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   dare
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   hardly
                   any
                   difficulty
                   would
                   ever
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   the
                   Application
                   of
                   these
                   Principles
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   Nature
                   was
                   always
                   wise
                   in
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   Branches
                   and
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   she
                   could
                   be
                   govern'd
                   as
                   the
                   Carver
                   governs
                   his
                   Marble
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Painter
                   his
                   Colours
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   whatever
                   care
                   we
                   take
                   for
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   yet
                   we
                   cannot
                   always
                   Labour
                   about
                   them
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   success
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   oblige
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   altogether
                   masters
                   of
                   ,
                   on
                   all
                   Occasions
                   to
                   answer
                   our
                   Intentions
                   and
                   Labour
                   .
                
                 
                   Nature
                   is
                   a
                   particular
                   Agent
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   a
                   necessary
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   her
                   Actions
                   depends
                   upon
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   Circumstances
                   ,
                   either
                   as
                   to
                   Times
                   ,
                   and
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   or
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   Good
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   Bad
                   ;
                   some
                   Hot
                   ,
                   some
                   Cold
                   ,
                   some
                   Dry
                   ,
                   some
                   
                   Moist
                   ;
                   or
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   different
                   temper
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   are
                   apter
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   than
                   others
                   ;
                   some
                   to
                   produce
                   more
                   Branches
                   ,
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   some
                   for
                   Stone
                   -
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   others
                   for
                   Kernel
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   are
                   even
                   of
                   a
                   particular
                   kind
                   ;
                   as
                   
                     Figgs
                     ,
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   know
                   whether
                   I
                   might
                   not
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   pretty
                   often
                   the
                   Rules
                   for
                   Pruning
                   are
                   in
                   some
                   respects
                   the
                   same
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   
                     Christian
                     Morality
                  
                   are
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   Men
                   ;
                   our
                   Trees
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   seem
                   impatient
                   under
                   the
                   Constraint
                   we
                   impose
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   them
                   low
                   ;
                   and
                   sometimes
                   tack'd
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ;
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   aim
                   constantly
                   at
                   their
                   escape
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   surprize
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   to
                   shoot
                   where
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   produce
                   Branches
                   where
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   none
                   ;
                   just
                   as
                   the
                   Corrupt
                   Nature
                   of
                   Man
                   often
                   Rebels
                   against
                   the
                   Divine
                   Laws
                   and
                   Reason
                   ,
                   and
                   affects
                   most
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   Morality
                   forbids
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   our
                   Trees
                   there
                   sometimes
                   happen
                   certain
                   Inconveniencies
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   could
                   neither
                   foresee
                   ,
                   nor
                   hinder
                   ;
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   come
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   apply
                   our selves
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   ill
                   Consequences
                   that
                   might
                   attend
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   moreover
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   possible
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   pretty
                   often
                   Cause
                   to
                   believe
                   it
                   may
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   endeavour
                   to
                   draw
                   Advantages
                   from
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   in
                   this
                   certain
                   Particulars
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   prove
                   tiresom
                   to
                   some
                   Readers
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   no
                   occasion
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   do
                   not
                   care
                   to
                   understand
                   Pruning
                   to
                   the
                   bottom
                   ;
                   but
                   I
                   hope
                   they
                   may
                   prove
                   of
                   great
                   use
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   afford
                   some
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   true
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   sensible
                   that
                   nothing
                   is
                   so
                   proper
                   to
                   improve
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Sciences
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   studied
                   and
                   instructive
                   Particulars
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   in
                   my
                   time
                   made
                   many
                   Remarks
                   upon
                   several
                   particular
                   Cases
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   ;
                   which
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   added
                   here
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Conduct
                   I
                   have
                   held
                   towards
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   first
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   my self
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   Peuch-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   greatly
                   require
                   a
                   second
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   a
                   third
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   first
                   which
                   is
                   done
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Winter
                   :
                   Those
                   last
                   Prunings
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   either
                   knit
                   ,
                   or
                   blasted
                   :
                   At
                   which
                   time
                   ,
                   I
                   dare
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   advantageous
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   very
                   necessary
                   ;
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   you
                   must
                   likewise
                   Trim
                   the
                   Buds
                   and
                   useless
                   Branches
                   of
                   some
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   no
                   less
                   necessary
                   than
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Prunings
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   last
                   Operations
                   ,
                   Viz.
                   the
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   the
                   Buds
                   and
                   useless
                   Branches
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   necessary
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   strengthen
                   certain
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   use
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   to
                   make
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   intirely
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   grown
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   inconvenient
                   ;
                   their
                   Function
                   which
                   was
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   not
                   having
                   succeeded
                   ,
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   being
                   destroy'd
                   .
                   I
                   will
                   make
                   a
                   Particular
                   Chapter
                   of
                   this
                   hereafter
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   explain'd
                   all
                   the
                   Particulars
                   I
                   have
                   mention'd
                   for
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   these
                   I
                   have
                   divided
                   into
                   Four
                   Classis
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   consists
                   of
                   those
                   Remarks
                   that
                   are
                   generally
                   common
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   whether
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   :
                   This
                   Classis
                   has
                   a
                   pretty
                   large
                   extent
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   I
                   will
                   Explain
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   of
                   the
                   Remarks
                   that
                   are
                   peculiar
                   in
                   every
                   Year
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   especially
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   Apricocks
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Third
                   ,
                   of
                   those
                   Remarks
                   that
                   relate
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   Second
                   and
                   Third
                   Pruning
                   of
                   those
                   very
                   Stone-Fruits
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   as
                   Dwarfs
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   the
                   Fourth
                   is
                   for
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   the
                   Buds
                   and
                   useless
                   Branches
                   of
                   both
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXIX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Common
                     Remarks
                     for
                     certain
                     singular
                     Cases
                     relating
                     to
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Shall
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   whole
                   Matter
                   of
                   this
                   Chapter
                   without
                   Order
                   or
                   Connection
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   almost
                   be
                   impossible
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   every
                   Case
                   being
                   Singular
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   done
                   ;
                   Besides
                   ,
                   I
                   did
                   set
                   down
                   things
                   carefully
                   in
                   my
                   Journal
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Singularities
                   I
                   observ'd
                   by
                   degrees
                   in
                   my
                   Studies
                   upon
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   therefore
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   Communicate
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   I
                   Collected
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     1
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     from
                     any
                     part
                     of
                     a
                     Branch
                     that
                     has
                     been
                     couch'd
                     and
                     constrain'd
                     against
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     or
                     from
                     some
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     which
                     Naturally
                     stands
                     Horizontally
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     which
                     instead
                     of
                     mounting
                     upwards
                     ,
                     like
                     most
                     of
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     has
                     inclin'd
                     sidewise
                     (
                     I
                     have
                     a
                     great
                     value
                     for
                     such
                     which
                     grow
                     soon
                     Branches
                     for
                     Fruit
                     )
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     when
                     such
                     Branches
                     have
                     shot
                     some
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     can
                     neither
                     serve
                     towards
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     nor
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     I
                     Cut
                     them
                     within
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     a
                     Crown
                     Piece
                     ,
                     or
                     slopingly
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     my
                     occasion
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     that
                     false
                     Wood
                     would
                     ruine
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     good
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     it
                     would
                     ruine
                     it
                     from
                     the
                     part
                     it
                     came
                     from
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     I
                     perceive
                     the
                     Beginning
                     or
                     Birth
                     of
                     such
                     Branches
                     ,
                     I
                     break
                     them
                     off
                     immediately
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     done
                     with
                     ease
                     ,
                     pressing
                     them
                     downward
                     with
                     the
                     Thumb
                     ,
                     where
                     they
                     begin
                     to
                     appear
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     drawing
                     them
                     towards
                     one
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     2
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Likewise
                     remove
                     all
                     pretty
                     strong
                     Branches
                     ,
                     shooting
                     from
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     hard
                     knob
                     upon
                     which
                     the
                     stalks
                     of
                     Pears
                     did
                     grow
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     which
                     there
                     may
                     perhaps
                     still
                     be
                     new
                     ones
                     ;
                     there
                     is
                     seldom
                     any
                     Foundation
                     to
                     be
                     laid
                     upon
                     such
                     Branches
                     ;
                     therefore
                     when
                     I
                     observe
                     any
                     such
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     I
                     tear
                     them
                     off
                     immediately
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     3
                     Observation
                     :
                  
                   
                     I
                     Do
                     the
                     same
                     with
                     those
                     Branches
                     which
                     proceed
                     from
                     those
                     which
                     Originally
                     were
                     short
                     and
                     streight
                     ,
                     looking
                     upon
                     the
                     Horizon
                     ,
                     and
                     plac'd
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     Spur
                     upon
                     certain
                     Trees
                     where
                     these
                     Spurs
                     are
                     common
                     ,
                     and
                     extraordinary
                     good
                     to
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     ;
                     such
                     as
                     
                       Ambret
                       ,
                       Virgoule
                       ,
                       Burgamots
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     either
                     in
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Tree
                     ;
                     those
                     sort
                     of
                     Branches
                     grown
                     from
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Spurs
                     will
                     never
                     be
                     good
                     for
                     any
                     thing
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     ruine
                     both
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     disposition
                     to
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     which
                     commonly
                     attends
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Spurs
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happens
                     often
                     ,
                     Nature
                     seems
                     obstinate
                     ,
                     in
                     producing
                     upon
                     those
                     Spurs
                     these
                     kind
                     of
                     Branches
                     which
                     I
                     am
                     an
                     Enemy
                     to
                     ;
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     necessary
                     ,
                     finally
                     ,
                     to
                     cut
                     those
                     Spurs
                     within
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     a
                     Crown
                     Piece
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     wholly
                     to
                     remove
                     the
                     great
                     Course
                     of
                     Sap
                     which
                     throws
                     it self
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     does
                     it
                     a
                     prejudice
                     ;
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     sufficiently
                     spoken
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     effect
                     of
                     such
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     Pruning
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     4
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THe
                     Pruning
                     of
                     weak
                     long
                     Branches
                     may
                     as
                     well
                     be
                     perform'd
                     by
                     breaking
                     them
                     only
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     cutting
                     them
                     with
                     the
                     Pruning-Knife
                     ,
                     and
                     perhaps
                     better
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     faster
                     ;
                     In
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     in
                     breaking
                     of
                     them
                     we
                     waste
                     more
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     of
                     use
                     to
                     form
                     Fruit-Buds
                     the
                     sooner
                     ,
                     since
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     ,
                     they
                     only
                     grow
                     on
                     those
                     places
                     that
                     receive
                     little
                     Sap.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     5
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Skilful
                     Curious
                     Gard'ner
                     ought
                     never
                     to
                     suffer
                     any
                     dry
                     or
                     dead
                     Argot
                     ,
                     or
                     Cock-spur
                     upon
                     any
                     Trees
                     ,
                     but
                     cut
                     them
                     off
                     close
                     when
                     ever
                     he
                     perceives
                     them
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     upon
                     certain
                     Peach-Trees
                     that
                     appear
                     somewhat
                     inclin'd
                     to
                     Gum
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     dangerous
                     to
                     do
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     the
                     wound
                     cannot
                     soon
                     be
                     clos'd
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     the
                     Gum
                     Supurates
                     through
                     it
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     certain
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     both
                     a
                     Beauty
                     and
                     Advantage
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     Kernel-Fruit
                     ,
                     to
                     cut
                     off
                     wholly
                     all
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Argots
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     the
                     part
                     infallibly
                     closes
                     again
                     ,
                     provided
                     the
                     Tree
                     be
                     sound
                     .
                  
                   
                     By
                     this
                     word
                     Argot
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     in
                     this
                     place
                     ,
                     the
                     Old
                     Extremity
                     of
                     a
                     Branch
                     which
                     has
                     been
                     formerly
                     shorten'd
                     at
                     some
                     distance
                     from
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     this
                     Eye
                     has
                     afterwards
                     shot
                     another
                     Branch
                     ,
                     and
                     this
                     same
                     Extremity
                     is
                     grown
                     dry
                     ,
                     and
                     half
                     dead
                     without
                     having
                     profited
                     since
                     the
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     which
                     has
                     given
                     it
                     Birth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     6.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     from
                     some
                     good
                     part
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     which
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Years
                     had
                     only
                     produc'd
                     Branches
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     Vigour
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     gave
                     but
                     little
                     hopes
                     of
                     a
                     long
                     Continuance
                     ,
                     we
                     afterwards
                     come
                     to
                     get
                     one
                     or
                     two
                     fine
                     Branches
                     ,
                     or
                     more
                     ,
                     though
                     all
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ;
                     if
                     I
                     find
                     that
                     I
                     may
                     lay
                     the
                     Foundation
                     of
                     a
                     fine
                     new
                     Figure
                     upon
                     it
                     for
                     such
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     I
                     always
                     do
                     it
                     conformably
                     to
                     the
                     Rules
                     heretofore
                     establish'd
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     I
                     still
                     preserve
                     all
                     the
                     ancient
                     weak
                     ones
                     ,
                     as
                     long
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     capable
                     of
                     yielding
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Resolve
                     to
                     cut
                     them
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     they
                     cease
                     to
                     bear
                     ;
                     and
                     by
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     others
                     shall
                     have
                     form'd
                     themselves
                     in
                     the
                     new
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     shall
                     insensibly
                     supply
                     the
                     room
                     of
                     the
                     old
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     in
                     case
                     such
                     Branches
                     shou'd
                     grow
                     in
                     a
                     place
                     whence
                     I
                     can
                     draw
                     no
                     advantage
                     to
                     form
                     a
                     fine
                     Tree
                     ,
                     I
                     take
                     them
                     off
                     quite
                     ,
                     in
                     hopes
                     that
                     another
                     Year
                     may
                     produce
                     more
                     favourable
                     ones
                     ;
                     supposing
                     that
                     such
                     a
                     Tree
                     having
                     been
                     capable
                     to
                     shoot
                     some
                     ,
                     though
                     ill-plac'd
                     ,
                     the
                     Vigour
                     of
                     it
                     not
                     only
                     subsists
                     ,
                     but
                     even
                     increases
                     still
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     certainly
                     produce
                     new
                     ones
                     ,
                     and
                     probably
                     better
                     plac'd
                     ;
                     such
                     kind
                     of
                     Branches
                     will
                     owe
                     their
                     Birth
                     to
                     some
                     new
                     Roots
                     ,
                     which
                     shall
                     have
                     been
                     form'd
                     in
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     manner
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     7.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IF
                     likewise
                     I
                     find
                     that
                     an
                     old
                     Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     elevated
                     ,
                     shoots
                     finer
                     Branches
                     towards
                     the
                     bottom
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     top
                     ,
                     and
                     find
                     the
                     top
                     in
                     an
                     ill
                     Case
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     forsaken
                     by
                     Nature
                     ,
                     I
                     abandon
                     it
                     likewise
                     ,
                     and
                     follow
                     the
                     Alteration
                     which
                     is
                     happen'd
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     begin
                     a
                     new
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     make
                     a
                     new
                     Tree
                     again
                     .
                     Those
                     Alterations
                     happen
                     pretty
                     often
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     Peach-Trees
                     that
                     begin
                     to
                     grow
                     old
                     :
                     'T
                     is
                     fit
                     ,
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     to
                     improve
                     the
                     Advertisement
                     Nature
                     gives
                     us
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     if
                     the
                     top
                     appears
                     pretty
                     good
                     and
                     vigorous
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     yet
                     last
                     long
                     in
                     the
                     Condition
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     ,
                     I
                     then
                     cut
                     off
                     entirely
                     the
                     new
                     Branches
                     that
                     shoot
                     below
                     ,
                     to
                     preserve
                     the
                     old
                     ones
                     ,
                     unless
                     I
                     find
                     room
                     in
                     the
                     Neighbourhood
                     of
                     the
                     Foot
                     to
                     place
                     these
                     new
                     Branches
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     8.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     Never
                     value
                     certain
                     small
                     Branches
                     ,
                     little
                     and
                     weak
                     ,
                     which
                     shoot
                     from
                     other
                     small
                     ,
                     weak
                     Branches
                     ;
                     from
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     thick
                     ones
                     chance
                     to
                     shoot
                     ,
                     I
                     only
                     consider
                     them
                     as
                     Branches
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     use
                     them
                     accordingly
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     9.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     the
                     Order
                     Nature
                     commonly
                     observes
                     for
                     the
                     Production
                     of
                     Branches
                     and
                     Roots
                     ,
                     what
                     is
                     produc'd
                     a-new
                     is
                     less
                     thick
                     than
                     the
                     place
                     from
                     whence
                     it
                     is
                     produc'd
                     :
                     And
                     if
                     ,
                     contrary
                     to
                     that
                     Order
                     ,
                     the
                     Branches
                     or
                     Roots
                     that
                     are
                     shot
                     prove
                     thicker
                     than
                     those
                     whence
                     they
                     are
                     produc'd
                     ,
                     the
                     new
                     ones
                     are
                     commonly
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     must
                     be
                     us'd
                     accordingly
                     ;
                     still
                     supposing
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     to
                     the
                     Branches
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     which
                     are
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     may
                     be
                     prejudicial
                     to
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     or
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     heretofore
                     explain'd
                     :
                     For
                     if
                     ,
                     instead
                     of
                     being
                     prejudicial
                     ,
                     their
                     Situation
                     shou'd
                     favour
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     or
                     even
                     be
                     capable
                     of
                     wasteing
                     for
                     a
                     time
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     too
                     abounding
                     here
                     ;
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     according
                     to
                     our
                     foregoing
                     Rules
                     ;
                     but
                     in
                     the
                     Case
                     of
                     Roots
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     thickest
                     are
                     always
                     the
                     best
                     ,
                     the
                     distinction
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     not
                     being
                     essential
                     here
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     always
                     preserve
                     them
                     ,
                     let
                     them
                     be
                     grown
                     how
                     they
                     will
                     ,
                     and
                     destroy
                     the
                     old
                     ones
                     ,
                     which
                     seem
                     to
                     be
                     abandon'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     10.
                     
                     Observation
                     :
                  
                   
                     A
                     Branch
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     without
                     considering
                     first
                     the
                     place
                     whence
                     it
                     proceeds
                     ,
                     to
                     judge
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     good
                     ,
                     and
                     capable
                     of
                     answering
                     our
                     End
                     :
                     For
                     some
                     Branches
                     might
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     thick
                     ones
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     proceeded
                     originally
                     from
                     a
                     weak
                     place
                     ;
                     which
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     weak
                     ones
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     proceed
                     from
                     a
                     place
                     being
                     originally
                     strong
                     and
                     vigorous
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     of
                     the
                     rest
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     11.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     LIkewise
                     ,
                     a
                     Tree
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     without
                     having
                     first
                     examin'd
                     the
                     Effect
                     of
                     the
                     preceding
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     correct
                     the
                     Defects
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     if
                     any
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     of
                     preserving
                     its
                     Beauty
                     with
                     Care.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     12.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     point
                     of
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     where
                     we
                     have
                     not
                     the
                     convenience
                     of
                     Tying
                     the
                     Branches
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ;
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     Buds
                     that
                     must
                     be
                     left
                     upon
                     each
                     Fruit-Branch
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     consider
                     what
                     the
                     strength
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     is
                     capable
                     of
                     bearing
                     of
                     it self
                     ,
                     without
                     being
                     expos'd
                     to
                     the
                     hazard
                     of
                     breaking
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     proper
                     to
                     lean
                     upon
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     great
                     or
                     small
                     Resistance
                     we
                     find
                     in
                     leaning
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     compar'd
                     to
                     the
                     known
                     Weight
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     the
                     Burthen
                     may
                     be
                     proportion'd
                     to
                     the
                     strength
                     or
                     weakness
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     13.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     COmmonly
                     in
                     Peach
                     and
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     if
                     a
                     pretty
                     old
                     thick
                     Branch
                     be
                     shorten'd
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     seldom
                     any
                     new
                     ones
                     to
                     be
                     expected
                     ,
                     either
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     the
                     whole
                     Compass
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     the
                     Sap
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     Tree
                     can
                     hardly
                     penetrate
                     so
                     hard
                     a
                     Bark
                     :
                     But
                     yet
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     the
                     Tree
                     having
                     some
                     Vigour
                     left
                     ,
                     the
                     Sap
                     produces
                     its
                     Effect
                     upon
                     the
                     youngest
                     Branches
                     ,
                     near
                     to
                     that
                     old
                     one
                     in
                     question
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     the
                     contrary
                     as
                     to
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     old
                     ,
                     or
                     young
                     ;
                     or
                     young
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     other
                     kind
                     of
                     Trees
                     ;
                     we
                     may
                     regularly
                     expect
                     new
                     Branches
                     from
                     the
                     old
                     ones
                     which
                     have
                     been
                     cut
                     shorter
                     ,
                     seldom
                     meeting
                     with
                     any
                     disappointment
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     14.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHereas
                     in
                     vigorous
                     Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     young
                     or
                     old
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     so
                     often
                     declar'd
                     ,
                     we
                     only
                     look
                     for
                     Fruit
                     upon
                     the
                     weak
                     Branches
                     ;
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     in
                     weak
                     Trees
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     but
                     little
                     Vigour
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     look
                     for
                     Fruit
                     upon
                     the
                     strong
                     ones
                     ,
                     and
                     never
                     upon
                     the
                     weak
                     ;
                     those
                     having
                     too
                     much
                     weakness
                     to
                     be
                     able
                     produce
                     sine
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     which
                     appear
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     indeed
                     are
                     only
                     so
                     compar'd
                     to
                     the
                     small
                     Vigour
                     of
                     the
                     whole
                     Tree
                     ,
                     have
                     no
                     more
                     Sap
                     in
                     them
                     than
                     is
                     requir'd
                     for
                     the
                     forming
                     of
                     fine
                     Fruit
                     :
                     So
                     that
                     in
                     such
                     weak
                     Trees
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     small
                     Branches
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     away
                     ;
                     they
                     always
                     appear
                     worn
                     out
                     ,
                     whether
                     they
                     have
                     given
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     or
                     not
                     ;
                     and
                     they
                     often
                     perish
                     without
                     having
                     fructify'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     15.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     all
                     sorts
                     of
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     being
                     sound
                     ,
                     a
                     single
                     Eye
                     sometimes
                     produces
                     to
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     two
                     ,
                     three
                     ,
                     or
                     four
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     pretty
                     fine
                     ones
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     judge
                     prudently
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     fittest
                     to
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     either
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     or
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     cut
                     off
                     quite
                     :
                     It
                     seldom
                     happens
                     that
                     above
                     two
                     are
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     those
                     must
                     look
                     upon
                     two
                     empty
                     Sides
                     ,
                     distant
                     from
                     each
                     other
                     ;
                     to
                     that
                     End
                     the
                     middlemost
                     of
                     the
                     three
                     is
                     often
                     taken
                     away
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     the
                     two
                     remaining
                     receive
                     the
                     better
                     nourishment
                     .
                     This
                     Operation
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     perform'd
                     in
                     Trimming
                     the
                     Buds
                     ,
                     and
                     useless
                     Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     in
                     May
                     ,
                     or
                     June
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     16.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     Espaliers
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     Branches
                     may
                     easily
                     be
                     dispos'd
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     or
                     other
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     tack'd
                     while
                     they
                     are
                     young
                     ,
                     for
                     then
                     they
                     are
                     easily
                     bent
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     not
                     order'd
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     shou'd
                     make
                     an
                     ill
                     Figure
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     cut
                     within
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     a
                     Crown-piece
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     Season
                     of
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     which
                     shall
                     be
                     in
                     February
                     or
                     March
                     of
                     the
                     following
                     Year
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     first
                     Eye
                     ,
                     in
                     hopes
                     that
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     that
                     thickness
                     may
                     produce
                     some
                     Branches
                     which
                     may
                     prove
                     more
                     useful
                     than
                     the
                     Mother
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     17.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THough
                     it
                     be
                     in
                     some
                     manner
                     disagreeable
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     a
                     Wall-Fruit-Tree
                     ,
                     as
                     (
                     especially
                     )
                     in
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     to
                     see
                     a
                     thick
                     Branch
                     crossing
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     yet
                     it
                     is
                     fit
                     to
                     preserve
                     it
                     when
                     it
                     contributes
                     to
                     the
                     filling
                     up
                     of
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Sides
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     without
                     it
                     ,
                     wou'd
                     remain
                     empty
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     necessary
                     for
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     .
                     Such
                     Niceties
                     need
                     not
                     be
                     observ'd
                     for
                     Fruit-Branches
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     good
                     in
                     any
                     part
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     18.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     OF
                     all
                     that
                     depends
                     upon
                     Art
                     ,
                     nothing
                     seems
                     securely
                     capable
                     of
                     strength'ning
                     a
                     weak
                     Branch
                     ,
                     being
                     within
                     the
                     extent
                     of
                     a
                     thick
                     one
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     taking
                     away
                     of
                     all
                     the
                     other
                     Branches
                     which
                     are
                     superior
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     that
                     part
                     from
                     whence
                     it
                     shoots
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     this
                     may
                     arrive
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     highest
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     proceed
                     from
                     the
                     same
                     Mother
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     forms
                     an
                     Extremity
                     to
                     it
                     .
                     All
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     second
                     and
                     third
                     Prunings
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     the
                     Trimming
                     of
                     the
                     Buds
                     and
                     useless
                     Branches
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     are
                     very
                     proper
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     naturally
                     a
                     Branch
                     is
                     weak
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     a
                     thick
                     one
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     certainty
                     of
                     strengthning
                     it
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     by
                     removing
                     an
                     old
                     Branch
                     ,
                     originally
                     superior
                     to
                     that
                     whence
                     that
                     weak
                     one
                     sprung
                     .
                  
                   
                     Not
                     but
                     Nature
                     sometimes
                     effects
                     such
                     things
                     of
                     her self
                     ,
                     without
                     removing
                     any
                     superior
                     thing
                     ;
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     observ'd
                     ,
                     speaking
                     of
                     some
                     Fruit-Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     by
                     an
                     overflowing
                     of
                     Sap
                     ,
                     thicken
                     more
                     than
                     naturally
                     they
                     shou'd
                     do
                     ;
                     but
                     we
                     being
                     ignorant
                     how
                     this
                     is
                     done
                     ,
                     cannot
                     possibly
                     imitate
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     19.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     order
                     to
                     Prune
                     very
                     vigorous
                     Peach-Trees
                     towards
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     time
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     tarry
                     till
                     they
                     are
                     ready
                     to
                     Blossom
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     know
                     with
                     more
                     certainty
                     the
                     Buds
                     that
                     will
                     Blossom
                     ,
                     for
                     there
                     are
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     Blossom-Buds
                     which
                     never
                     Blossom
                     ,
                     the
                     coldness
                     of
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     abundance
                     of
                     new
                     Sap
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     the
                     Gum
                     ,
                     destroying
                     a
                     great
                     quantity
                     .
                     Those
                     Buds
                     being
                     known
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     regulate
                     our selves
                     accordingly
                     ,
                     both
                     for
                     the
                     choice
                     of
                     those
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     length
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     allow'd
                     to
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     20.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     observe
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Fruit-Buds
                     that
                     are
                     on
                     the
                     Extremities
                     of
                     the
                     Branches
                     are
                     commonly
                     thicker
                     ,
                     and
                     better
                     fed
                     than
                     the
                     others
                     ;
                     which
                     confirms
                     what
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     the
                     Production
                     of
                     new
                     Branches
                     had
                     taught
                     us
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     always
                     goes
                     more
                     abundantly
                     to
                     the
                     Extremities
                     ,
                     than
                     elsewhere
                     ;
                     which
                     has
                     given
                     a
                     Rise
                     to
                     the
                     Maxim
                     I
                     have
                     establish'd
                     in
                     my
                     Reflections
                     for
                     the
                     Effect
                     of
                     the
                     Strong
                     and
                     Weak
                     ,
                     in
                     relation
                     to
                     Fruit-Buds
                     ,
                     which
                     form
                     themselves
                     upon
                     all
                     kind
                     of
                     Branches
                     ,
                     strong
                     or
                     weak
                     .
                     From
                     thence
                     I
                     concluded
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     especially
                     for
                     weak
                     Trees
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     good
                     to
                     Prune
                     them
                     betimes
                     ,
                     not
                     to
                     let
                     the
                     Sap
                     waste
                     it self
                     in
                     vain
                     on
                     Extremities
                     that
                     must
                     be
                     retrench'd
                     .
                     This
                     teaches
                     us
                     besides
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     the
                     Winter
                     both
                     the
                     Branches
                     and
                     Buds
                     thicken
                     :
                     We
                     know
                     it
                     sufficiently
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Example
                     of
                     
                       Almond-Trees
                       Graffed
                    
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     before
                     the
                     Return
                     of
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     appear
                     extreamly
                     press'd
                     by
                     the
                     Flax
                     that
                     had
                     been
                     apply'd
                     to
                     them
                     in
                     Graffing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     21.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     must
                     never
                     begin
                     to
                     Prune
                     an
                     Espalier
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Fruit-Tree
                     ,
                     until
                     it
                     be
                     quite
                     untack'd
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     besides
                     that
                     the
                     Pruning
                     is
                     perform'd
                     with
                     more
                     ease
                     ,
                     and
                     quicker
                     ,
                     it
                     happens
                     ,
                     besides
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     Tacking
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     time
                     after
                     the
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     the
                     preserv'd
                     Branches
                     are
                     the
                     better
                     order'd
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     often
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     Laziness
                     ,
                     instead
                     of
                     undoing
                     a
                     Tack
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     new
                     one
                     ,
                     a
                     Branch
                     is
                     left
                     as
                     it
                     was
                     found
                     ,
                     though
                     ill-plac'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     22.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IT
                     is
                     often
                     necessary
                     to
                     Untack
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     Tacking
                     of
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     first
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     equal
                     the
                     Figure
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     second
                     place
                     ,
                     to
                     remove
                     from
                     behind
                     the
                     Props
                     or
                     Stays
                     such
                     Branches
                     as
                     were
                     already
                     flip'd
                     behind
                     them
                     ;
                     which
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     suffer'd
                     there
                     :
                     Therefore
                     it
                     behoves
                     one
                     to
                     be
                     careful
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     often
                     to
                     visit
                     Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     to
                     prevent
                     such
                     Disorders
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     remove
                     the
                     languishing
                     ,
                     wretched
                     Shoots
                     that
                     wou'd
                     only
                     cause
                     a
                     Confusion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     23.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     multitude
                     of
                     Branches
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Year
                     ,
                     is
                     not
                     always
                     a
                     sign
                     of
                     Vigour
                     ;
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     prove
                     all
                     weak
                     ones
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     an
                     ill
                     Omen
                     ,
                     which
                     shews
                     an
                     Infirmity
                     in
                     the
                     Roots
                     .
                     And
                     thus
                     ,
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     Redness
                     in
                     the
                     Cheeks
                     is
                     not
                     always
                     a
                     sign
                     of
                     Health
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     24.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     or
                     Espalier
                     ,
                     is
                     great
                     and
                     old
                     ,
                     it
                     seldom
                     shoots
                     any
                     green
                     Branches
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     likely
                     that
                     any
                     Faults
                     can
                     be
                     committed
                     in
                     Pruning
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     always
                     supposing
                     ,
                     if
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     open
                     ;
                     if
                     an
                     Espalier
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     it
                     be
                     passably
                     well
                     establish'd
                     :
                     Faults
                     are
                     only
                     greatly
                     to
                     be
                     fear'd
                     upon
                     very
                     vigorous
                     Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     perform
                     more
                     than
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     wou'd
                     have
                     them
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     produce
                     more
                     Branches
                     than
                     he
                     expected
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     25.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     can
                     only
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     Thickness
                     and
                     Weakness
                     of
                     Branches
                     ,
                     comparatively
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     adjoining
                     to
                     them
                     in
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     .
                     For
                     Example
                     ,
                     Some
                     are
                     deem'd
                     weak
                     in
                     one
                     part
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     certain
                     Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     in
                     another
                     might
                     pass
                     for
                     thick
                     ones
                     :
                     The
                     Neighbourhood
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     thick
                     one
                     renders
                     another
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     thick
                     ,
                     weak
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     many
                     weak
                     ones
                     render
                     another
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     weak
                     ,
                     thick
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     26.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THis
                     Rule
                     is
                     very
                     considerable
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     not
                     to
                     fail
                     ,
                     affording
                     sometimes
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     length
                     to
                     certain
                     Branches
                     ;
                     which
                     ,
                     though
                     pretty
                     thick
                     ,
                     ought
                     notwithstanding
                     to
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     here
                     as
                     weak
                     and
                     small
                     ,
                     the
                     length
                     being
                     necessitated
                     by
                     the
                     Consideration
                     of
                     other
                     neighbouring
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     thicker
                     ;
                     which
                     in
                     the
                     Neighbourhood
                     ,
                     are
                     look'd
                     upon
                     ,
                     and
                     us'd
                     like
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     27.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     weak
                     Branches
                     are
                     very
                     slender
                     on
                     their
                     Extremities
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     certain
                     sign
                     of
                     an
                     extream
                     Weaknes
                     ;
                     wherefore
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     much
                     shorten'd
                     :
                     And
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     pretty
                     thick
                     there
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     left
                     somewhat
                     longer
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     really
                     are
                     not
                     so
                     weak
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     28.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     farther
                     a
                     weak
                     Branch
                     is
                     distant
                     from
                     the
                     Heart
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     the
                     less
                     Nourishment
                     it
                     receives
                     ;
                     therefore
                     ,
                     in
                     such
                     Occasions
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     draw
                     nearer
                     upon
                     the
                     lowest
                     ;
                     whereas
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     the
                     farther
                     a
                     thick
                     Branch
                     is
                     distant
                     from
                     the
                     Heart
                     ,
                     the
                     more
                     Nourishment
                     it
                     receives
                     ;
                     for
                     which
                     reason
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     remov'd
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     keep
                     the
                     Vigour
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     29.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     FRom
                     some
                     Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     old
                     or
                     new
                     -
                     planted
                     ,
                     especially
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Trees
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     proceed
                     
                       Horizontal
                       Branches
                    
                     ,
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     thickness
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     admirable
                     to
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     either
                     shooting
                     outwards
                     or
                     inwards
                     :
                     But
                     regularly
                     most
                     Branches
                     streighten
                     again
                     ,
                     and
                     threaten
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     if
                     Care
                     be
                     not
                     taken
                     to
                     take
                     away
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     worst
                     plac'd
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     disgarnish
                     ,
                     unless
                     one
                     be
                     severe
                     in
                     cutting
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     short
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     30.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     SOmetimes
                     some
                     Branches
                     are
                     Prun'd
                     like
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     though
                     in
                     reallity
                     they
                     have
                     no
                     more
                     thickness
                     than
                     a
                     Fruit-Branch
                     shou'd
                     have
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     must
                     not
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     being
                     real
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     proper
                     to
                     establish
                     and
                     preserve
                     long
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     but
                     rather
                     as
                     half
                     Wood-Branches
                     :
                     They
                     really
                     are
                     of
                     some
                     use
                     for
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     fill
                     up
                     some
                     Vacuity
                     for
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Years
                     ;
                     after
                     which
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     perish
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     expected
                     ;
                     and
                     ,
                     without
                     relying
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     endeavour
                     to
                     get
                     others
                     near
                     them
                     ,
                     to
                     supply
                     their
                     Room
                     ;
                     otherwise
                     a
                     Tree
                     will
                     soon
                     grow
                     defective
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     31.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     or
                     ,
                     particularly
                     ,
                     a
                     Wall-Fruit-Tree
                     ,
                     especially
                     Peach
                     ,
                     or
                     Plumb-Tree
                     ,
                     no
                     longer
                     shoots
                     new
                     Branches
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     a
                     decay'd
                     Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     another
                     must
                     be
                     prepar'd
                     against
                     the
                     next
                     Year
                     ;
                     and
                     without
                     
                     Pruning
                     any
                     of
                     its
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     all
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     likely
                     to
                     produce
                     fine
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     to
                     that
                     end
                     ,
                     retrenching
                     all
                     the
                     Sapless
                     ones
                     exactly
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     incapable
                     of
                     doing
                     any
                     good
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     32.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     YOU
                     must
                     never
                     Prune
                     a
                     Branch
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     no
                     such
                     occasion
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     when
                     a
                     high
                     Standard
                     begins
                     to
                     be
                     press'd
                     by
                     the
                     Neighbourhood
                     of
                     a
                     lower
                     Tree
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     be
                     partly
                     necessitated
                     to
                     cut
                     off
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     lowest
                     Branches
                     of
                     that
                     high
                     Standard
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     room
                     for
                     the
                     highest
                     of
                     its
                     Neighbour
                     ;
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     those
                     Branches
                     of
                     the
                     high
                     Standard
                     must
                     be
                     left
                     long
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     especially
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     vigorous
                     ,
                     and
                     can
                     nourish
                     these
                     without
                     prejudicing
                     the
                     principal
                     Branches
                     :
                     And
                     thereby
                     Endeavours
                     are
                     us'd
                     to
                     get
                     some
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     extraordinary
                     length
                     of
                     such
                     Branches
                     ,
                     before
                     one
                     be
                     necessitated
                     to
                     cut
                     them
                     off
                     quite
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     33.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     must
                     cut
                     Stump-wise
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     entirely
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     thick
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     shot
                     from
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     another
                     passably
                     thick
                     and
                     long
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     Prun'd
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Method
                     of
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     wou'd
                     grow
                     too
                     naked
                     ,
                     and
                     too
                     long
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     ,
                     wou'd
                     look
                     disagreeable
                     .
                     By
                     this
                     manner
                     of
                     
                       Pruning
                       Stump-wise
                    
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     commonly
                     hope
                     for
                     some
                     new
                     Branches
                     from
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     the
                     old
                     one
                     ,
                     proper
                     to
                     maintain
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     in
                     filling
                     up
                     every
                     part
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     34.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     likewise
                     cut
                     Stump-wise
                     when
                     ,
                     upon
                     a
                     very
                     vigorous
                     Tree
                     ,
                     of
                     two
                     strong
                     Branches
                     ,
                     grown
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     a
                     vigorous
                     one
                     ,
                     we
                     think
                     fit
                     to
                     use
                     the
                     Second
                     preferably
                     to
                     the
                     First
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     do
                     not
                     think
                     it
                     proper
                     to
                     strengthen
                     that
                     Second
                     any
                     more
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     we
                     leave
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     space
                     of
                     a
                     Year
                     or
                     two
                     ,
                     or
                     more
                     ,
                     a
                     small
                     passage
                     for
                     the
                     Sap
                     to
                     the
                     highest
                     cut
                     Stumpwise
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     take
                     it
                     quite
                     away
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     the
                     new
                     Branch
                     that
                     shall
                     be
                     shot
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     the
                     Tree
                     shall
                     begin
                     to
                     bear
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                   
                     However
                     ,
                     I
                     must
                     confess
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     most
                     common
                     Use
                     that
                     is
                     made
                     of
                     that
                     way
                     of
                     
                       Pruning
                       Stump-wise
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     seldom
                     for
                     any
                     Branches
                     ,
                     but
                     such
                     that
                     ,
                     from
                     weak
                     ,
                     and
                     passably
                     long
                     as
                     they
                     were
                     ,
                     are
                     grown
                     extraordinary
                     thick
                     and
                     vigorous
                     ;
                     insomuch
                     that
                     they
                     have
                     shot
                     from
                     their
                     Extremity
                     one
                     ,
                     or
                     two
                     ,
                     or
                     many
                     thick
                     Branches
                     .
                     The
                     original
                     Weakness
                     of
                     such
                     Branches
                     only
                     proceeded
                     from
                     their
                     length
                     ,
                     which
                     shou'd
                     not
                     have
                     been
                     allow'd
                     them
                     ,
                     had
                     they
                     been
                     as
                     thick
                     as
                     they
                     are
                     grown
                     since
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     being
                     grown
                     thick
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     begin
                     to
                     be
                     us'd
                     like
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     shorten'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     35.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     AND
                     in
                     case
                     that
                     Branch
                     cut
                     Stump-wise
                     has
                     produc'd
                     no
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     in
                     its
                     Extent
                     ,
                     especially
                     drawing
                     near
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     whence
                     it
                     proceeded
                     ,
                     and
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     has
                     shot
                     a
                     thick
                     Branch
                     at
                     the
                     place
                     of
                     the
                     Stump
                     ,
                     or
                     close
                     by
                     it
                     ,
                     this
                     last
                     thick
                     one
                     must
                     again
                     be
                     cut
                     Stump-wise
                     ,
                     especially
                     the
                     old
                     one
                     not
                     being
                     too
                     long
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     too
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     has
                     not
                     been
                     shorten'd
                     at
                     a
                     proper
                     time
                     ,
                     the
                     Pruning
                     must
                     be
                     perform'd
                     upon
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     that
                     old
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     shorten'd
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Rules
                     heretofore
                     establish'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     36.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IF
                     on
                     an
                     old
                     ,
                     but
                     pretty
                     vigorous
                     Tree
                     ,
                     altogether
                     disorder'd
                     with
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     barely
                     by
                     the
                     defects
                     of
                     an
                     ill-perform'd
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     Care
                     be
                     not
                     taken
                     for
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Years
                     ,
                     one
                     after
                     another
                     ,
                     to
                     take
                     it
                     lower
                     ,
                     by
                     a
                     Branch
                     or
                     two
                     yearly
                     ,
                     until
                     it
                     be
                     quite
                     shorten'd
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     never
                     yield
                     any
                     satisfaction
                     ;
                     but
                     by
                     that
                     means
                     it
                     may
                     very
                     well
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     fine
                     and
                     good
                     Tree
                     .
                     This
                     is
                     fit
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     ,
                     when
                     a
                     Tree
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     good
                     kind
                     :
                     If
                     not
                     ,
                     it
                     were
                     better
                     to
                     take
                     it
                     quite
                     down
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     Graff
                     a
                     better
                     kind
                     upon
                     it
                     Slit-wise
                     ,
                     either
                     of
                     such
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     not
                     already
                     ,
                     or
                     have
                     not
                     a
                     sufficient
                     number
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     37.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     SOmetimes
                     certain
                     Trees
                     are
                     so
                     vigorous
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     cannot
                     ,
                     especially
                     the
                     first
                     Years
                     ,
                     be
                     reduc'd
                     to
                     a
                     small
                     compass
                     ;
                     therefore
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     allow'd
                     to
                     extend
                     either
                     upwards
                     ,
                     or
                     on
                     the
                     sides
                     ;
                     otherwise
                     they
                     will
                     only
                     produce
                     false
                     Wood
                     :
                     Afterwards
                     you
                     may
                     by
                     degrees
                     reduce
                     them
                     to
                     the
                     Standard
                     of
                     others
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     begin
                     to
                     bear
                     Fruit.
                     Such
                     are
                     commonly
                     ,
                     
                       Virgoulé
                       ,
                       Lady-Thighs
                       ,
                       Saint-Lezin
                       ,
                       Robine
                       ,
                       Rousselets
                       ,
                    
                     or
                     
                       Russettings
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     38.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Very
                     vigorous
                     Tree
                     can
                     never
                     have
                     too
                     many
                     Branches
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     well
                     order'd
                     ,
                     and
                     cause
                     no
                     Confusion
                     ;
                     whereas
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     a
                     weak
                     Tree
                     can
                     never
                     have
                     too
                     few
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Burthen
                     may
                     be
                     proportion'd
                     to
                     the
                     Vigour
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     you
                     must
                     seldom
                     leave
                     any
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     but
                     such
                     thick
                     Branches
                     as
                     it
                     may
                     have
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     39.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Branches
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     or
                     Suckers
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Stone-Fruit
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     commonly
                     so
                     defective
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     or
                     Buds
                     ,
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     grow
                     upon
                     Kernel-Fruit-Trees
                     ;
                     but
                     are
                     more
                     subject
                     to
                     perish
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     have
                     their
                     Eyes
                     extinguish'd
                     with
                     Gum
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     peculiar
                     Distemper
                     to
                     them
                     .
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     partly
                     be
                     manag'd
                     like
                     the
                     Branches
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     of
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     but
                     in
                     a
                     small
                     number
                     upon
                     a
                     Tree
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     there
                     are
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     on
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     proper
                     to
                     renew
                     that
                     Tree
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     a
                     considerable
                     length
                     must
                     be
                     allow'd
                     to
                     some
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     take
                     them
                     away
                     when
                     the
                     fury
                     shall
                     be
                     over
                     ;
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     shall
                     be
                     pitch'd
                     upon
                     for
                     the
                     Foundation
                     of
                     the
                     Re-establishment
                     of
                     a
                     fine
                     Figure
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Method
                     .
                     We
                     seldom
                     meet
                     with
                     this
                     abundance
                     of
                     thick
                     Branches
                     upon
                     any
                     but
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     especially
                     Stone-Peaches
                     ,
                     which
                     begin
                     to
                     grow
                     ancient
                     ,
                     and
                     worn
                     out
                     about
                     the
                     head
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     40.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     ALL
                     manner
                     of
                     Trees
                     have
                     a
                     Branch
                     or
                     two
                     predominant
                     over
                     the
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     more
                     ;
                     happy
                     are
                     those
                     in
                     which
                     the
                     Vigour
                     is
                     divided
                     ,
                     unhappy
                     those
                     where
                     the
                     Torrent
                     lies
                     all
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     41.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Wood-Branch
                     ,
                     growing
                     on
                     the
                     in-side
                     of
                     a
                     Dwarf
                     which
                     you
                     intend
                     to
                     close
                     ,
                     is
                     ever
                     welcome
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     if
                     favourably
                     plac'd
                     to
                     supply
                     a
                     thin
                     side
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     42.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     FRuit-Buds
                     of
                     Pear
                     and
                     Apple-Trees
                     sometimes
                     form
                     themselves
                     the
                     very
                     same
                     Years
                     in
                     which
                     the
                     Branch
                     they
                     are
                     adherent
                     to
                     has
                     been
                     form'd
                     ,
                     as
                     generally
                     all
                     the
                     Buds
                     of
                     Stone-Fruit
                     do
                     ;
                     but
                     sometimes
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Years
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     longer
                     ,
                     before
                     they
                     come
                     to
                     perfection
                     :
                     Some
                     arrive
                     to
                     it
                     at
                     the
                     Entrance
                     of
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     happens
                     that
                     some
                     may
                     be
                     seen
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     Blossom
                     ,
                     which
                     did
                     no
                     wise
                     appear
                     during
                     the
                     Winter
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     43.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Extremities
                     of
                     the
                     Shoots
                     that
                     come
                     out
                     when
                     Autumn
                     is
                     almost
                     spent
                     ,
                     especially
                     after
                     a
                     great
                     Cessation
                     of
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     are
                     always
                     bad
                     ;
                     their
                     Colour
                     ,
                     which
                     differs
                     from
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     shews
                     it
                     sufficiently
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     ,
                     being
                     good
                     for
                     nothing
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     off
                     ,
                     being
                     likewise
                     subject
                     to
                     perish
                     :
                     Gard'ners
                     call
                     them
                     Branches
                     of
                     August
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     44.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     say
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     reason
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     commonly
                     in
                     our
                     power
                     to
                     make
                     Fruit-Buds
                     grow
                     where
                     we
                     please
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     always
                     so
                     soon
                     as
                     we
                     could
                     wish
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     45.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     it
                     comes
                     to
                     pass
                     that
                     a
                     thick
                     Branch
                     being
                     
                       prun'd
                       ,
                       shoots
                    
                     three
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     ,
                     the
                     highest
                     proves
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     thickness
                     ,
                     the
                     second
                     weak
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     third
                     thicker
                     than
                     the
                     highest
                     ,
                     two
                     Considerations
                     must
                     be
                     had
                     to
                     Prune
                     them
                     skilfully
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     highest
                     be
                     fit
                     enough
                     for
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     third
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     thicker
                     ,
                     cut
                     slantingly
                     ,
                     or
                     within
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     a
                     Crown-piece
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     if
                     this
                     third
                     Branch
                     be
                     better
                     plac'd
                     for
                     the
                     Figure
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     a
                     Branch
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     highest
                     left
                     for
                     a
                     Fruit-Branch
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     for
                     one
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     must
                     be
                     remov'd
                     within
                     a
                     certain
                     space
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     supposing
                     it
                     causes
                     no
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     and
                     
                     that
                     the
                     Tree
                     is
                     very
                     vigorous
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     it
                     causes
                     a
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     Tree
                     be
                     but
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     Vigour
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     only
                     be
                     cut
                     Stump-wise
                     ,
                     for
                     fear
                     of
                     losing
                     the
                     disposition
                     which
                     the
                     weak
                     one
                     had
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     if
                     we
                     should
                     wholly
                     take
                     away
                     the
                     highest
                     over
                     the
                     weak
                     one
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     46.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IT
                     is
                     always
                     a
                     happiness
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     Stone-Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     when
                     from
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     thick
                     Branch
                     there
                     shoots
                     ,
                     that
                     very
                     Year
                     ,
                     another
                     thick
                     one
                     .
                     Our
                     Trees
                     are
                     commonly
                     but
                     too
                     much
                     inclin'd
                     to
                     shoot
                     upwards
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     47.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     YOU
                     must
                     never
                     ,
                     upon
                     any
                     Consideration
                     whatever
                     ,
                     preserve
                     your
                     sapless
                     Branches
                     ;
                     not
                     even
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     on
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     vigorous
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     48.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     Dwarf-Pear-Trees
                     of
                     Beurré
                     bear
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     commonly
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     shorter
                     than
                     other
                     Trees
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     as
                     they
                     produce
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     that
                     Fruit
                     is
                     large
                     and
                     heavy
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     open
                     ,
                     and
                     spread
                     too
                     much
                     ;
                     which
                     Figure
                     is
                     not
                     pleasing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     49.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     DUring
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     one
                     cannot
                     be
                     too
                     careful
                     in
                     looking
                     after
                     Espaliers
                     ,
                     especially
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     to
                     hinder
                     good
                     Branches
                     from
                     slipping
                     behind
                     the
                     Stakes
                     or
                     Props
                     ,
                     from
                     which
                     they
                     cannot
                     be
                     remov'd
                     afterwards
                     ,
                     without
                     either
                     breaking
                     them
                     or
                     the
                     Lattice-frame
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     50.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Young
                     Pear-Tree
                     languishing
                     or
                     decaying
                     in
                     one
                     part
                     ,
                     may
                     sometimes
                     be
                     re-establish'd
                     ,
                     if
                     ,
                     after
                     having
                     taken
                     it
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     Prun'd
                     it
                     every
                     where
                     ,
                     it
                     be
                     put
                     into
                     better
                     Ground
                     :
                     But
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     help
                     for
                     a
                     decaying
                     Peach-Tree
                     ,
                     especially
                     Gum
                     having
                     appear'd
                     upon
                     it
                     ;
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Trees
                     seldom
                     are
                     reviv'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     51.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IF
                     it
                     happens
                     that
                     any
                     
                       Dwarf
                       ,
                       planted
                    
                     within
                     the
                     space
                     of
                     three
                     ,
                     four
                     ,
                     or
                     five
                     Years
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     a
                     longer
                     standing
                     ,
                     not
                     having
                     been
                     well
                     order'd
                     in
                     the
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     form
                     a
                     lovely
                     Figure
                     ;
                     or
                     perhaps
                     having
                     been
                     spoil'd
                     by
                     some
                     unexpected
                     Accident
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     be
                     grown
                     lower
                     and
                     thinner
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     than
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     if
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     it
                     happens
                     fortunately
                     that
                     such
                     a
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     does
                     shoot
                     out
                     of
                     that
                     defective
                     side
                     a
                     Branch
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     thick
                     ,
                     though
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     may
                     seem
                     proper
                     to
                     correct
                     the
                     defect
                     aforesaid
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     ;
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     it
                     is
                     fit
                     to
                     allow
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     a
                     greater
                     length
                     than
                     my
                     Maxims
                     have
                     for
                     the
                     general
                     regulated
                     for
                     Branches
                     of
                     false
                     Wood
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     this
                     Branch
                     being
                     equal
                     in
                     heighth
                     to
                     those
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     may
                     acquire
                     the
                     Perfection
                     it
                     wanted
                     .
                     The
                     defect
                     of
                     extraordinary
                     length
                     in
                     a
                     Branch
                     is
                     not
                     certainly
                     so
                     great
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     being
                     crooked
                     ,
                     flat
                     ,
                     or
                     slender
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     has
                     now
                     corrected
                     in
                     a
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     52.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     ALL
                     the
                     Sap
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     being
                     employ'd
                     in
                     forming
                     many
                     Branches
                     ,
                     some
                     strong
                     ,
                     others
                     weak
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     probably
                     soon
                     produce
                     Fruit
                     upon
                     the
                     weak
                     ones
                     :
                     But
                     when
                     it
                     abounds
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     confin'd
                     within
                     a
                     very
                     small
                     number
                     of
                     Branches
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     thick
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     produce
                     no
                     Fruit
                     any
                     where
                     ,
                     until
                     the
                     great
                     Vigour
                     of
                     it
                     be
                     in
                     some
                     manner
                     wasted
                     by
                     the
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Branches
                     it
                     will
                     produce
                     in
                     Succession
                     of
                     Time
                     ,
                     which
                     Branches
                     must
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     53.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     Trees
                     are
                     hard
                     to
                     produce
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     their
                     being
                     too
                     Vigorous
                     ,
                     as
                     those
                     are
                     we
                     have
                     so
                     often
                     mention'd
                     ;
                     especially
                     certain
                     Plumb-Trees
                     that
                     grow
                     against
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     things
                     I
                     commonly
                     do
                     affect
                     ,
                     is
                     to
                     leave
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     old
                     Wood
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     particularly
                     for
                     Fruit-Branches
                     ,
                     avoiding
                     ,
                     however
                     ,
                     Confusion
                     and
                     Thinness
                     ,
                     or
                     Vacuity
                     ;
                     but
                     still
                     ,
                     upon
                     Condition
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     a
                     Branch
                     left
                     long
                     for
                     Fruit
                     the
                     first
                     
                     year
                     ,
                     shall
                     afterwards
                     shoot
                     another
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     likewise
                     think
                     sit
                     to
                     preserve
                     ;
                     upon
                     Condition
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     case
                     that
                     Second
                     should
                     shoot
                     a
                     Third
                     ,
                     the
                     last
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     ,
                     which
                     would
                     cause
                     a
                     disagreeable
                     length
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     would
                     not
                     answer
                     our
                     aim
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     get
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     such
                     Occasions
                     I
                     do
                     one
                     of
                     these
                     things
                     ,
                     viz.
                     I
                     perform
                     my
                     Pruning
                     upon
                     the
                     Second
                     ,
                     the
                     two
                     having
                     a
                     sufficient
                     length
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     I
                     Prune
                     the
                     Third
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     shot
                     from
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     Second
                     ,
                     Stump-wise
                     ,
                     the
                     two
                     first
                     not
                     being
                     excessive
                     in
                     length
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     54.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THere
                     are
                     some
                     moments
                     in
                     which
                     a
                     Skilful
                     Man's
                     Thoughts
                     may
                     be
                     roving
                     while
                     he
                     is
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     may
                     chance
                     to
                     commit
                     some
                     Faults
                     ,
                     which
                     commonly
                     are
                     not
                     very
                     material
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     easily
                     Corrected
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     having
                     left
                     some
                     Branches
                     too
                     long
                     ,
                     or
                     having
                     preserv'd
                     some
                     that
                     should
                     have
                     been
                     taken
                     away
                     ;
                     therefore
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     a
                     Revise
                     is
                     very
                     necessary
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     the
                     next
                     day
                     ,
                     if
                     not
                     that
                     very
                     day
                     ;
                     without
                     which
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     impossible
                     to
                     be
                     fully
                     cerain
                     of
                     what
                     has
                     been
                     done
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     with
                     this
                     ,
                     as
                     with
                     all
                     other
                     Works
                     in
                     the
                     World.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     55.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     an
                     Old
                     Tree
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarf
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Tree
                     ,
                     is
                     extraordinarily
                     Strong
                     and
                     Vigorous
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     weak
                     and
                     slender
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     properly
                     speaking
                     ,
                     when
                     a
                     Tree
                     is
                     Crooked
                     ,
                     and
                     disagreeable
                     to
                     sight
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     hard
                     to
                     reduce
                     it
                     to
                     a
                     fine
                     Figure
                     ;
                     then
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     care
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     about
                     that
                     Vigorous
                     side
                     ,
                     in
                     taking
                     away
                     the
                     greatest
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     strong
                     Branches
                     close
                     to
                     the
                     Stem
                     ,
                     whence
                     they
                     shoot
                     ,
                     or
                     cut
                     part
                     of
                     them
                     Stump-wise
                     ,
                     in
                     expectation
                     that
                     at
                     last
                     the
                     Sap
                     which
                     inclin'd
                     altogether
                     on
                     that
                     side
                     ,
                     may
                     turn
                     it self
                     towards
                     that
                     weak
                     side
                     ,
                     at
                     which
                     time
                     we
                     shall
                     be
                     enabled
                     to
                     begin
                     the
                     Repairs
                     which
                     were
                     wanting
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     56.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IN
                     all
                     sort
                     of
                     Trees
                     care
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     to
                     allow
                     less
                     length
                     to
                     a
                     Wood-Branch
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     somewhat
                     weak
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     that
                     
                       Wood
                       Branch
                    
                     which
                     is
                     thick
                     and
                     strong
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     57.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IT
                     is
                     pretty
                     common
                     in
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     pretty
                     Ancient
                     ,
                     to
                     find
                     certain
                     weak
                     Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     without
                     having
                     ever
                     born
                     any
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     are
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     threatned
                     to
                     perish
                     for
                     want
                     ;
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     requisite
                     every
                     year
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     grand
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     second
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     perform'd
                     on
                     Stone-Fruits
                     ,
                     especially
                     Wall-Fruit
                     ;
                     I
                     say
                     it
                     is
                     requisite
                     to
                     take
                     a
                     special
                     Care
                     that
                     such
                     Branches
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     without
                     Nourishment
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     end
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     kept
                     shorter
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     them
                     diminish'd
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     fit
                     to
                     take
                     away
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     thick
                     ones
                     that
                     are
                     Superior
                     to
                     them
                     ;
                     or
                     ,
                     if
                     after
                     such
                     Branches
                     have
                     Blossom'd
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     have
                     perform'd
                     the
                     main
                     part
                     of
                     their
                     duty
                     ,
                     their
                     Blossom
                     happens
                     to
                     perish
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     wholly
                     taken
                     away
                     ,
                     especially
                     when
                     there
                     appears
                     no
                     disposition
                     in
                     them
                     to
                     shoot
                     some
                     good
                     Branches
                     for
                     the
                     following
                     year
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     58.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     a
                     High
                     Branch
                     is
                     taken
                     away
                     over
                     a
                     Lower
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     ,
                     what
                     we
                     call
                     Lowering
                     ,
                     or
                     Shortning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     cut
                     so
                     close
                     ,
                     that
                     no
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     may
                     remain
                     ;
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     the
                     place
                     may
                     soon
                     be
                     cover'd
                     again
                     ,
                     and
                     neatly
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     the
                     lower
                     is
                     taken
                     away
                     to
                     preserve
                     the
                     higher
                     ,
                     we
                     must
                     keep
                     of
                     that
                     low
                     one
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     the
                     thickness
                     of
                     a
                     Crown
                     Piece
                     ,
                     or
                     cut
                     it
                     slantingly
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     said
                     elsewhere
                     ,
                     in
                     hopes
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     new
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     59.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     a
                     Branch
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     thickness
                     being
                     Prun'd
                     pretty
                     close
                     ,
                     produces
                     nothing
                     but
                     what
                     is
                     weak
                     on
                     its
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     Sign
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     upon
                     perishing
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     Nature
                     has
                     withdrawn
                     ,
                     in
                     favour
                     of
                     another
                     ,
                     the
                     yearly
                     substance
                     she
                     us'd
                     to
                     afford
                     it
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     you
                     must
                     no
                     longer
                     rely
                     upon
                     it
                     for
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     60.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IF
                     a
                     Tree
                     being
                     crooked
                     at
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     Planting
                     ,
                     produces
                     the
                     first
                     year
                     a
                     fine
                     streight
                     Branch
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     sometimes
                     happens
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     shorten
                     the
                     whole
                     Stem
                     to
                     that
                     Branch
                     ,
                     there
                     only
                     to
                     fix
                     the
                     Foundation
                     of
                     the
                     Beauty
                     of
                     that
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     61.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     may
                     better
                     resolve
                     to
                     preserve
                     upon
                     a
                     Wall-Fruit-Tree
                     ,
                     a
                     thick
                     Branch
                     ,
                     not
                     being
                     altogether
                     well
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     than
                     upon
                     a
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     ;
                     where
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     might
                     chance
                     to
                     be
                     ill
                     scituated
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     facility
                     we
                     meet
                     with
                     in
                     Wall-Trees
                     ,
                     of
                     turning
                     and
                     winding
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     at
                     pleasure
                     ,
                     or
                     those
                     that
                     shall
                     shoot
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     effected
                     in
                     Dwarf-Standards
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     we
                     want
                     the
                     Conveniency
                     of
                     tacking
                     to
                     the
                     Right
                     and
                     Left
                     ;
                     and
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     would
                     make
                     a
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     show
                     awry
                     :
                     Therefore
                     in
                     a
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     such
                     a
                     Branch
                     must
                     be
                     remov'd
                     ,
                     whereas
                     with
                     the
                     assistance
                     of
                     Ligatures
                     it
                     might
                     serve
                     to
                     form
                     a
                     fine
                     Wall-Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     should
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     62.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THE
                     common
                     length
                     of
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     willingly
                     six
                     to
                     five
                     ,
                     six
                     ,
                     or
                     seven
                     inches
                     ,
                     tho
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     regulated
                     and
                     proportion'd
                     upon
                     many
                     things
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     be
                     either
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     extended
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     Vigour
                     or
                     Weakness
                     of
                     the
                     whole
                     Tree
                     ;
                     upon
                     the
                     Thickness
                     or
                     Mediocrity
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     longer
                     where
                     it
                     meets
                     with
                     Vigour
                     and
                     Thickness
                     ,
                     and
                     shorter
                     where
                     it
                     does
                     not
                     meet
                     with
                     it
                     :
                     This
                     length
                     is
                     likewise
                     to
                     be
                     regulated
                     upon
                     the
                     Vacuity
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     fill'd
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     either
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     long
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     the
                     Vacuity
                     is
                     either
                     great
                     or
                     small
                     :
                     It
                     must
                     particularly
                     be
                     regulated
                     upon
                     the
                     heighth
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     Branches
                     for
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     newly
                     Prun'd
                     ,
                     may
                     be
                     proportion'd
                     to
                     the
                     Old
                     ones
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     63.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     THere
                     are
                     some
                     People
                     who
                     fancy
                     that
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     a
                     Tree
                     does
                     not
                     require
                     much
                     Art
                     ;
                     to
                     justifie
                     which
                     ,
                     they
                     cite
                     Great
                     Trees
                     that
                     are
                     never
                     Prun'd
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     the
                     Trees
                     of
                     certain
                     Gard'ners
                     ,
                     who
                     ,
                     without
                     ever
                     having
                     known
                     how
                     to
                     Cut
                     ,
                     Prune
                     so
                     happily
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     do
                     not
                     fail
                     of
                     having
                     abundance
                     of
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                   
                     I
                     have
                     no
                     answer
                     to
                     make
                     to
                     those
                     People
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     I
                     have
                     so
                     many
                     things
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     think
                     it
                     worth
                     my
                     while
                     to
                     answer
                     them
                     .
                     
                       Physicians
                       ,
                       Lawyers
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     of
                     the
                     Learned
                     in
                     most
                     Arts
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     in
                     their
                     turns
                     ,
                     meet
                     with
                     such
                     pretended
                     Objections
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     64.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     WHen
                     a
                     Fine
                     Fruit-Branch
                     shoots
                     many
                     others
                     ,
                     which
                     likewise
                     seem
                     fit
                     for
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     for
                     preserving
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     cause
                     no
                     Confusion
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Tree
                     is
                     Vigorous
                     ,
                     particularly
                     in
                     Pear-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     65.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     IT
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     Wall-Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     that
                     within
                     the
                     Compass
                     of
                     a
                     Branch
                     ,
                     which
                     grows
                     Thick
                     and
                     Vigorous
                     the
                     very
                     Summer
                     in
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     produc'd
                     ;
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     it
                     happens
                     sometimes
                     ,
                     that
                     one
                     or
                     two
                     Thick
                     ones
                     form
                     themselves
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     after
                     Shoots
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     whatever
                     is
                     beyond
                     those
                     New-comers
                     ,
                     drawing
                     towards
                     the
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     appears
                     incomparably
                     smaller
                     than
                     what
                     is
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     side
                     ,
                     drawing
                     towards
                     the
                     Birth
                     of
                     that
                     Mother
                     -
                     Branch
                     ;
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     ,
                     those
                     last
                     Comers
                     must
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     Branches
                     that
                     commonly
                     will
                     always
                     augment
                     in
                     Thickness
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     will
                     become
                     real
                     Branches
                     for
                     wood
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     they
                     are
                     ;
                     for
                     which
                     reason
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     Prun'd
                     short
                     ;
                     and
                     as
                     for
                     those
                     that
                     draw
                     towards
                     the
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     Fruit-Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     thicken
                     no
                     more
                     ,
                     Nature
                     having
                     directed
                     her
                     Course
                     upon
                     these
                     last
                     made
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     66.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     YOU
                     must
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     scruple
                     the
                     taking
                     lower
                     ,
                     even
                     in
                     old
                     Trees
                     ,
                     especially
                     
                       Pear
                       ,
                       Apple
                    
                     and
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     certain
                     Sides
                     which
                     ,
                     having
                     been
                     ill
                     order'd
                     ,
                     prove
                     too
                     long
                     and
                     thin
                     :
                     But
                     I
                     wou'd
                     not
                     ,
                     without
                     an
                     absolute
                     necessity
                     ,
                     have
                     many
                     thick
                     Branches
                     cut
                     over
                     a
                     very
                     weak
                     one
                     ,
                     shot
                     from
                     the
                     same
                     part
                     ,
                     though
                     never
                     so
                     well
                     plac'd
                     for
                     the
                     Figure
                     ;
                     too
                     many
                     Inconveniences
                     arising
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     false
                     Wood
                     that
                     commonly
                     grows
                     about
                     that
                     weak
                     Branch
                     ;
                     which
                     not
                     being
                     capable
                     of
                     receiving
                     all
                     the
                     Sap
                     that
                     flows
                     towards
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     was
                     destin'd
                     for
                     the
                     Nourishment
                     and
                     Maintenance
                     of
                     those
                     
                     superior
                     Branches
                     that
                     shall
                     have
                     been
                     cut
                     ,
                     that
                     Sap
                     ,
                     being
                     necessitated
                     to
                     come
                     out
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     to
                     force
                     its
                     way
                     in
                     an
                     extraordinary
                     manner
                     ,
                     not
                     finding
                     any
                     Issue
                     ready
                     made
                     ;
                     that
                     Sap
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     being
                     very
                     abounding
                     ,
                     flows
                     out
                     of
                     it
                     disorderly
                     and
                     furiously
                     ,
                     like
                     Water
                     having
                     overthrown
                     a
                     Dam
                     that
                     stop'd
                     its
                     Course
                     .
                     Now
                     all
                     those
                     forc'd
                     and
                     violent
                     Issuings
                     produce
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Branches
                     we
                     have
                     heretofore
                     explain'd
                     ,
                     giving
                     them
                     the
                     name
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Suckers
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     such
                     as
                     do
                     not
                     grow
                     in
                     the
                     most
                     common
                     and
                     ordinary
                     Order
                     Nature
                     follows
                     in
                     the
                     Production
                     of
                     new
                     Branches
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     fit
                     ,
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     possible
                     can
                     be
                     ,
                     to
                     avoid
                     falling
                     into
                     such
                     Inconveniencies
                     .
                  
                   
                     But
                     if
                     you
                     chance
                     sometimes
                     to
                     be
                     necessitated
                     to
                     cut
                     such
                     thick
                     Branches
                     ,
                     the
                     small
                     Branch
                     not
                     performing
                     here
                     the
                     Operation
                     of
                     a
                     cleft
                     Graff
                     ,
                     which
                     sometimes
                     it
                     does
                     ,
                     but
                     often
                     fails
                     ,
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Case
                     you
                     must
                     resolve
                     to
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Branches
                     of
                     
                       False
                       .
                       Wood
                    
                     shot
                     from
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     chuse
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     best
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     Pruning
                     it
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     Method
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     that
                     means
                     establish
                     upon
                     it
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     67.
                     
                     Observation
                     .
                  
                   
                     ALLthough
                     the
                     Branches
                     that
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Order
                     of
                     Nature
                     ,
                     shoot
                     from
                     the
                     Extremities
                     of
                     other
                     Branches
                     are
                     commonly
                     of
                     good
                     Wood
                     ,
                     yet
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     happen
                     sometimes
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     ,
                     especially
                     growing
                     from
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     of
                     Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     being
                     originally
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood
                    
                     ,
                     have
                     been
                     cut
                     very
                     short
                     ,
                     or
                     shooting
                     from
                     a
                     Stump
                     ;
                     or
                     else
                     ,
                     when
                     in
                     the
                     very
                     Year
                     they
                     only
                     begin
                     to
                     shoot
                     a
                     long
                     while
                     after
                     the
                     others
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Tree
                     ,
                     (
                     this
                     happens
                     but
                     seldom
                     ,
                     unless
                     in
                     
                       Virgoulé-Pears
                       ,
                    
                     )
                     which
                     you
                     must
                     not
                     wonder
                     at
                     ,
                     and
                     only
                     Prune
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Branches
                     that
                     appear
                     ill-condition'd
                     ,
                     leaving
                     them
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     length
                     ;
                     for
                     you
                     must
                     seldom
                     allow
                     much
                     length
                     to
                     such
                     Branches
                     of
                     
                       False
                       Wood.
                    
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Particular
                     Remarks
                     for
                     the
                     first
                     Pruning
                     yearly
                     to
                     be
                     Perform'd
                     in
                     February
                     ,
                     and
                     March
                     ,
                     upon
                     Trees
                     of
                     Stone-Fruit
                     ,
                     especially
                     on
                     Peach
                     and
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarf-Standards
                     ,
                     or
                     Wall-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Shall
                   not
                   need
                   to
                   inlarge
                   upon
                   this
                   Article
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   having
                   already
                   largely
                   explain'd
                   in
                   General
                   the
                   Rules
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pruning
                   :
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   observe
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit-Branches
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   above-mention'd
                   ,
                   are
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   small
                   Continuance
                   ,
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   Perishing
                   the
                   very
                   first
                   year
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   produc'd
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   without
                   it
                   ,
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   having
                   been
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   
                     Gum
                     ,
                     Blasts
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Frosts
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Cases
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   wholly
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   grown
                   considerably
                   thick
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   shot
                   some
                   fine
                   Branches
                   fit
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   last
                   two
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   though
                   very
                   seldom
                   ,
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ;
                   provided
                   they
                   still
                   shoot
                   some
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   either
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   last
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   their
                   extent
                   :
                   But
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   only
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   worn-out
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   with
                   the
                   Fruit-Branches
                   of
                   Pear
                   and
                   Apple-Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   even
                   Plumb-Trees
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   lasting
                   pretty
                   long
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   much
                   longer
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   extent
                   they
                   shoot
                   very
                   good
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   regularly
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   until
                   at
                   last
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   perish
                   intirely
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   here
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Vanity
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   following
                   my
                   Method
                   of
                   
                     Pruning
                     Peach-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   expect
                   to
                   have
                   commonly
                   much
                   finer
                   Trees
                   ,
                   more
                   lasting
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   doubt
                   much
                   more
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   much
                   finer
                   than
                   those
                   who
                   Prune
                   another
                   way
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Infallible
                   ;
                   provided
                   the
                   Weather
                   be
                   fair
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Gum
                   spoil
                   nothing
                   about
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   be
                   Planted
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   .
                   The
                   Curious
                   are
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   pity'd
                   ,
                   when
                   their
                   Gardens
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   cold
                   ill
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   the
                   Mould
                   is
                   worn
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   seldom
                   produce
                   any
                   good
                   new
                   Roots
                   there
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   perish
                   ,
                   Roots
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   subsist
                   without
                   Action
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   that
                   so
                   much
                   Gum
                   grows
                   both
                   upon
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   upon
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   for
                   which
                   I
                   say
                   that
                   my
                   Method
                   of
                   Pruning
                   greatly
                   preserves
                   and
                   imbelishes
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   because
                   it
                   prescribes
                   the
                   being
                   very
                   careful
                   in
                   keeping
                   pretty
                   short
                   all
                   the
                   thick
                   
                     Branches
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   it
                   depends
                   Infallibly
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   Caution
                   I
                   recommend
                   ,
                   of
                   preserving
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Branches
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   without
                   taking
                   away
                   any
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   leaving
                   no
                   more
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   them
                   than
                   they
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   nourish
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   its
                   being
                   very
                   Beautiful
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   February
                   and
                   March
                   ,
                   you
                   design
                   to
                   perform
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   upon
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   taken
                   away
                   all
                   the
                   Old
                   dry
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   ,
                   which
                   through
                   an
                   extream
                   weakness
                   ,
                   are
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   (
                   for
                   you
                   must
                   begin
                   by
                   this
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   see
                   clearly
                   and
                   distinctly
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   )
                   you
                   find
                   only
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   Branches
                   remaining
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   (
                   which
                   are
                   weak
                   ones
                   )
                   are
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   the
                   following
                   years
                   ,
                   the
                   Buds
                   being
                   already
                   form'd
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   (
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   strong
                   ones
                   )
                   are
                   not
                   commonly
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   ,
                   not
                   having
                   any
                   Buds
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   to
                   serve
                   us
                   for
                   another
                   use
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   material
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   weak
                   ones
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   with
                   Care
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   length
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   visible
                   appearance
                   of
                   present
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   without
                   building
                   any
                   hopes
                   upon
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ;
                   Nature
                   will
                   afford
                   us
                   others
                   ,
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   those
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   be
                   proportion'd
                   to
                   their
                   strength
                   ;
                   being
                   also
                   perswaded
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Branch
                   of
                   an
                   ordinary
                   thickness
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   nourishing
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   it
                   seems
                   dispos'd
                   to
                   bear
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   danger
                   in
                   venturing
                   to
                   leave
                   much
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   provided
                   part
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   at
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   Reason
                   to
                   believe
                   there
                   is
                   too
                   much
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   strong
                   ones
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   particularly
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   future
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   short
                   ,
                   in
                   prospect
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   produce
                   others
                   of
                   two
                   kinds
                   ;
                   some
                   thick
                   ones
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   small
                   ones
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   which
                   will
                   certainly
                   come
                   to
                   pass
                   :
                   But
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   provide
                   for
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   those
                   slender
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   being
                   ,
                   produce
                   so
                   good
                   an
                   Effect
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   no
                   longer
                   to
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   living
                   ,
                   since
                   ,
                   after
                   their
                   having
                   produc'd
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   explain'd
                   the
                   difference
                   there
                   is
                   between
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   Sapless
                   ones
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   long
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   Fruit-Buds
                   ready
                   form'd
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   Year
                   .
                   I
                   commonly
                   call
                   none
                   Buds
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   double
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Eye
                   for
                   Wood
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   value
                   no
                   others
                   for
                   Preserving
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   on
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   early
                   Peaches
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   no
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   short
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   being
                   incapable
                   of
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   present
                   Year
                   ,
                   their
                   Strength
                   or
                   Vigour
                   may
                   promise
                   other
                   Branches
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   the
                   Tree
                   having
                   a
                   vast
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   few
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   those
                   very
                   high
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   reason
                   to
                   fear
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   lower
                   parts
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   may
                   grow
                   too
                   thin
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   Years
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   some
                   Buds
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   End
                   ,
                   shorten
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   finest
                   and
                   thickest
                   among
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   over-burthen'd
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   make
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   Demy-Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   very
                   good
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   we
                   must
                   observe
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   are
                   hard
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   upon
                   some
                   furious
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   Branches
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   thickness
                   ,
                   long
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   have
                   no
                   Fruit-Buds
                   at
                   all
                   .
                   Such
                   furious
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   your
                   Magdalens
                   ,
                   some
                   white
                   
                     Bastard-Peaches
                     ,
                     Bourdins
                     ,
                     Brugnons
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Latter
                   
                     Violets
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   those
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   young
                   :
                   Upon
                   such
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   leave
                   some
                   long
                   Branches
                   ,
                   though
                   without
                   any
                   appearance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   apparent
                   certainty
                   of
                   their
                   producing
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   other
                   weak
                   Branches
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   Year●
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   those
                   Branches
                   be
                   pretty
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   might
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   cut
                   short
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   probable
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   Neighbourhood
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   other
                   thicker
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   best
                   Rules
                   ,
                   many
                   thick
                   Branches
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   left
                   very
                   near
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   different
                   ways
                   of
                   Cutting
                   long
                   or
                   short
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Cause
                   that
                   it
                   cannot
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   said
                   that
                   a
                   Peach-Tree
                   is
                   well
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   every
                   Branch
                   ;
                   has
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Properties
                   ,
                   either
                   actually
                   fit
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   present
                   Year
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   produce
                   fine
                   Wood
                   the
                   Year
                   following
                   ,
                   in
                   those
                   places
                   where
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   requir'd
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   these
                   two
                   Conditions
                   meet
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   perfectly
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   that
                   a
                   Peach-Tree
                   is
                   very
                   well
                   Prun'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   kind
                   of
                   Regards
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   be
                   had
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   but
                   ,
                   yet
                   particularly
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   ,
                   if
                   perform'd
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   the
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   useless
                   Branches
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Mischief
                   which
                   attends
                   Gum
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   every
                   body
                   knows
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   commonly
                   subject
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   much
                   beyond
                   all
                   other
                   Stone-Fruits
                   ,
                   hinders
                   us
                   from
                   having
                   any
                   certainty
                   that
                   a
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   will
                   produce
                   others
                   on
                   its
                   Extremity
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   almost
                   infallible
                   in
                   
                     Pear
                     ,
                     Plumb
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   When
                   Peach-Trees
                   appear
                   attack'd
                   with
                   that
                   Gum
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   the
                   Owners
                   are
                   willing
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   some
                   Years
                   longer
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   Prune
                   them
                   late
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   about
                   the
                   time
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   blossom
                   and
                   shoot
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   certain
                   of
                   preserving
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   some
                   good
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   good
                   Blossoms
                   :
                   There
                   can
                   be
                   no
                   Certainty
                   before
                   that
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   add
                   farther
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   Peach-Tree
                   has
                   produc'd
                   no
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   no
                   longer
                   be
                   consider'd
                   as
                   a
                   Tree
                   to
                   keep
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   the
                   Fruit
                   has
                   been
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   Successor
                   must
                   be
                   provided
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   add
                   besides
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   happens
                   that
                   an
                   old
                   Peach-Tree
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   has
                   produc'd
                   several
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Tree
                   grown
                   from
                   a
                   Stone
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   begin
                   to
                   Prune
                   it
                   upon
                   those
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   self-same
                   manner
                   as
                   a
                   young
                   Tree
                   is
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   excepting
                   only
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   left
                   a
                   little
                   longer
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   the
                   Gum.
                   
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   uneasie
                   at
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   an
                   itching
                   desire
                   of
                   preserving
                   all
                   the
                   Buds
                   that
                   are
                   ready
                   form'd
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   not
                   depriving
                   ones
                   self
                   of
                   a
                   present
                   Good
                   :
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   unless
                   you
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   hard-hearted
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   ,
                   in
                   prospect
                   of
                   the
                   future
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   assure
                   your selves
                   to
                   see
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   perish
                   by
                   your
                   own
                   Fault
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   become
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   so
                   doing
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   perhaps
                   get
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   for
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Years
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   as
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   expect
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   Scarcity
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   ugly
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Uneasinesses
                   ,
                   or
                   Conflicts
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   are
                   only
                   undergone
                   by
                   skilful
                   Gard'ners
                   :
                   Others
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   sensible
                   of
                   the
                   Danger
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   Agitation
                   .
                   The
                   chief
                   Cause
                   of
                   Disquiet
                   is
                   ,
                   particularly
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   weak
                   Branch
                   ,
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   left
                   long
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   is
                   grown
                   thick
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   common
                   Order
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   thick
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   cut
                   short
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   shoot
                   abundance
                   of
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   abandon'd
                   ,
                   and
                   hardly
                   produces
                   any
                   thing
                   .
                   This
                   Alteration
                   generally
                   produces
                   a
                   great
                   Disorder
                   in
                   a
                   Tree
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   grown
                   thick
                   ,
                   have
                   probably
                   shot
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Branches
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   occasions
                   a
                   very
                   great
                   and
                   just
                   Cause
                   of
                   Temptation
                   and
                   Desire
                   of
                   preserving
                   them
                   all
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   Desire
                   of
                   having
                   a
                   fine
                   and
                   lasting
                   Tree
                   opposes
                   the
                   Itch
                   of
                   preserving
                   those
                   Appearances
                   of
                   present
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   danger
                   of
                   being
                   overcome
                   by
                   the
                   Temptation
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   of
                   making
                   soon
                   a
                   very
                   ugly
                   Tree
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   instanc'd
                   .
                   Therefore
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   material
                   to
                   examine
                   what
                   is
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   such
                   Conjunctures
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   sometimes
                   necessary
                   to
                   take
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Disorder
                   ,
                   to
                   let
                   the
                   
                     Tree
                     shoot
                  
                   up
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   cover
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   allow'd
                   of
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   taking
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   terrible
                   Resolutions
                   :
                   But
                   sometimes
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   danger
                   in
                   so
                   doing
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   resolving
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   fine
                   Appearances
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Mercy
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   to
                   shorten
                   such
                   Branches
                   extreamly
                   ,
                   in
                   prospect
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   following
                   Years
                   you
                   shall
                   be
                   recompenc'd
                   a
                   hundred
                   times
                   for
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   thus
                   cruelly
                   destroy'd
                   .
                   This
                   Disorder
                   happens
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Comfort
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   I
                   thought
                   my self
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   give
                   my
                   Opinion
                   about
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Walls
                   are
                   very
                   low
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   about
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   People
                   desire
                   to
                   have
                   Peach-Trees
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   Planted
                   at
                   a
                   great
                   distance
                   from
                   one
                   another
                   ;
                   when
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   along
                   such
                   low
                   Walls
                   Peach-Trees
                   appear
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   Years
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   Sides
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   pretty
                   long
                   ,
                   because
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   Pruning
                   of
                   them
                   short
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   only
                   
                     shoot
                     False-Wood
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   and
                   seldom
                   or
                   never
                   produce
                   any
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   allow
                   them
                   twice
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   allow'd
                   to
                   common
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   even
                   thrice
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ,
                   or
                   somewhat
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   is
                   reasonably
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   allow'd
                   at
                   least
                   three
                   Foot
                   of
                   Wall
                   free
                   ,
                   above
                   the
                   Pruning
                   that
                   is
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   placing
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   principal
                   Branches
                   should
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ,
                   growing
                   over
                   the
                   Top
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   Cutting
                   them
                   often
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   great
                   Winds
                   should
                   break
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Vexation
                   of
                   not
                   enjoying
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   ones
                   Trees
                   ,
                   those
                   Branches
                   thus
                   cut
                   ,
                   ever
                   look
                   ungainly
                   upon
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   Furzes
                   that
                   appear
                   at
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Particular
                     Remarks
                     upon
                     the
                     Second
                     and
                     Third
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Stone-Fruit
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THese
                   Second
                   and
                   Third
                   Prunings
                   are
                   altogether
                   new
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   altogether
                   as
                   necessary
                   and
                   material
                   as
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   only
                   upon
                   weak
                   Branches
                   :
                   They
                   were
                   left
                   long
                   by
                   the
                   Winter
                   -
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   in
                   prospect
                   of
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   they
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   certain
                   Circumstances
                   we
                   are
                   going
                   to
                   examine
                   ,
                   they
                   made
                   us
                   bethink
                   our selves
                   of
                   the
                   necessity
                   of
                   a
                   second
                   Operation
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   of
                   a
                   third
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   short
                   in
                   February
                   or
                   March
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   undergone
                   the
                   Dispensation
                   of
                   the
                   Knife
                   ,
                   they
                   require
                   no
                   more
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   their
                   Function
                   not
                   being
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   wants
                   Retrenching
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   to
                   shoot
                   many
                   precious
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   deserve
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   with
                   much
                   Care.
                   
                
                 
                   These
                   last
                   Prunings
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   now
                   explaining
                   ,
                   are
                   of
                   great
                   use
                   for
                   the
                   grand
                   Pruning
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ,
                   in
                   cleansing
                   a
                   Tree
                   from
                   all
                   superfluous
                   and
                   half-dead
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   wou'd
                   only
                   create
                   a
                   Confusion
                   :
                   They
                   Strengthen
                   other
                   Branches
                   that
                   will
                   be
                   of
                   use
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   ,
                   by
                   affording
                   them
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   wou'd
                   be
                   wasted
                   on
                   those
                   scurvy
                   ones
                   that
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   of
                   any
                   use
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   of
                   Course
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   the
                   Winter
                   following
                   .
                   It
                   likewise
                   contributes
                   towards
                   the
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Goodness
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   serves
                   to
                   keep
                   a
                   Tree
                   equally
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   ,
                   seldom
                   ,
                   or
                   never
                   ,
                   any
                   Defects
                   wou'd
                   appear
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   were
                   persecuted
                   by
                   that
                   cursed
                   Gum.
                   
                
                 
                   These
                   are
                   the
                   Consequences
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   above-mention'd
                   Prunings
                   are
                   perform'd
                   .
                   I
                   desire
                   all
                   Gard'ners
                   to
                   follow
                   this
                   Discussion
                   exactly
                   .
                
                 
                   These
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   a
                   particular
                   regard
                   for
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   perform'd
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   six
                   things
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   either
                   have
                   produc'd
                   ,
                   almost
                   in
                   their
                   whole
                   Extent
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   and
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   much
                   Fruit
                   and
                   ugly
                   Branches
                   .
                   By
                   fine
                   Branches
                   here
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   thick
                   enough
                   to
                   prove
                   Fruit-Branches
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   bear
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Leaves
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   I
                   call
                   those
                   poor
                   and
                   ugly
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   short
                   and
                   slender
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   incapable
                   of
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   only
                   producing
                   small
                   Leaves
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   Those
                   Fruit-Branches
                   may
                   chance
                   only
                   to
                   have
                   born
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Length
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   the
                   fourth
                   part
                   ,
                   third
                   ,
                   or
                   half
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   shot
                   either
                   fine
                   or
                   ugly
                   Branches
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   ;
                   and
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   perchance
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   upper
                   end
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   towards
                   the
                   lower
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   have
                   produc'd
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ;
                   or
                   many
                   altogether
                   ugly
                   and
                   useless
                   .
                
                 
                   Fourthly
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   only
                   have
                   produc'd
                   a
                   single
                   Branch
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   with
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   or
                   without
                   any
                   Fruit
                   any
                   where
                   .
                
                 
                   Fifthly
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   only
                   have
                   produc'd
                   one
                   single
                   Fruit
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   Branches
                   in
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Extent
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   be
                   kill'd
                   with
                   Gum
                   or
                   Cold
                   in
                   their
                   whole
                   Extent
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   towards
                   the
                   Extremity
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   the
                   Experience
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   Cases
                   several
                   times
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   held
                   the
                   following
                   Method
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Fruit-Branches
                   shall
                   have
                   produc'd
                   Fruit
                   and
                   fine
                   Branches
                   in
                   the
                   best
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Extent
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   rejoice
                   at
                   the
                   Abundance
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   all
                   will
                   go
                   well
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   Appearances
                   are
                   so
                   fair
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   :
                   Some
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   only
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   lies
                   so
                   close
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   cause
                   to
                   believe
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   growing
                   ,
                   they
                   might
                   obstruct
                   each
                   other
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   wou'd
                   spoil
                   it
                   :
                   And
                   likewise
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   any
                   Confusion
                   be
                   threaten'd
                   by
                   that
                   Multitude
                   of
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   meanest
                   ,
                   and
                   worst
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   remov'd
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Lot
                   of
                   being
                   retrench'd
                   may
                   fall
                   upon
                   the
                   farthest
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Branch
                   has
                   produc'd
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   all
                   weak
                   and
                   useless
                   ;
                   the
                   best
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   wou'd
                   neither
                   grow
                   beautiful
                   nor
                   good
                   ;
                   only
                   some
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   looks
                   best
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   best
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   grows
                   in
                   
                   the
                   lowest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   .
                   At
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   the
                   said
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   much
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   to
                   reduce
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   second
                   or
                   third
                   Eye
                   or
                   Bud
                   of
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   strengthen
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   next
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Fruit-Branch
                   only
                   produces
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   Length
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Fruit
                   be
                   grown
                   upon
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   shorten'd
                   close
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   appears
                   finest
                   ,
                   and
                   nearest
                   to
                   that
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   enough
                   when
                   there
                   remains
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   passable
                   good
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   case
                   the
                   Fruit
                   be
                   pretty
                   abundant
                   ,
                   and
                   towards
                   the
                   upper
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   that
                   having
                   likewise
                   pretty
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruit
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   useless
                   Branches
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   abovesaid
                   ;
                   only
                   preserving
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   appear
                   the
                   finest
                   ,
                   whatever
                   part
                   they
                   be
                   in
                   ,
                   especially
                   being
                   in
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   are
                   always
                   desirous
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   always
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   where-ever
                   it
                   be
                   ,
                   even
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   ;
                   provided
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   preserving
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   a
                   Fruit-Branch
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   kept
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   length
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   resolve
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   to
                   retrench
                   both
                   the
                   Mother
                   and
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   or
                   Daughters
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   one
                   part
                   wou'd
                   grow
                   too
                   thin
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   third
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Branch
                   has
                   really
                   produc'd
                   no
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   amends
                   ,
                   has
                   shot
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   fine
                   new
                   Branches
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   ,
                   being
                   careful
                   of
                   not
                   letting
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   grow
                   stronger
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   especially
                   towards
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   for
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   wou'd
                   ruin
                   all
                   the
                   lower
                   ;
                   therefore
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   must
                   be
                   wholly
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   Pinch'd
                   or
                   broken
                   within
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Part
                   of
                   that
                   third
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Fruit-Branch
                   has
                   neither
                   been
                   fortunate
                   in
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   nor
                   in
                   Wood
                   of
                   a
                   favourable
                   Growth
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   wholly
                   shorten
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   single
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   it
                   has
                   produc'd
                   ;
                   and
                   chuse
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   to
                   strengthen
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   good
                   for
                   the
                   next
                   Year
                   ,
                   or
                   take
                   it
                   quite
                   away
                   ,
                   it
                   not
                   answering
                   our
                   Intentions
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Fruit-Branch
                   has
                   only
                   produc'd
                   a
                   single
                   Branch
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   with
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   shou'd
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   incline
                   to
                   become
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   case
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   broken
                   pretty
                   short
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   be
                   but
                   moderately
                   thick
                   ,
                   it
                   promises
                   much
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   all
                   the
                   little
                   diminutive
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   grow
                   among
                   the
                   Fruit
                   it
                   bears
                   ,
                   we
                   Prune
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   declar'd
                   in
                   the
                   Exposition
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   Case
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   there
                   is
                   yet
                   more
                   reason
                   to
                   use
                   all
                   the
                   little
                   Branches
                   we
                   meet
                   with
                   here
                   without
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   Extent
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   in
                   debate
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   being
                   certain
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   generality
                   ,
                   they
                   shoot
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   being
                   all
                   at
                   a
                   stand
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   June
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   all
                   our
                   Comfort
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   lies
                   in
                   the
                   fine
                   Fruit-Branch
                   that
                   offers
                   it self
                   here
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   that
                   has
                   blossom'd
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   in
                   all
                   its
                   Extent
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Branch
                   that
                   was
                   left
                   long
                   ,
                   to
                   bear
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   has
                   yet
                   been
                   so
                   unfortunate
                   ,
                   or
                   abus'd
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   have
                   retain'd
                   above
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   has
                   shot
                   some
                   Branches
                   in
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   Extent
                   .
                
                 
                   Several
                   particular
                   Regards
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   :
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   If
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   has
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   being
                   one
                   will
                   be
                   tempted
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   reason
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   known
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   not
                   to
                   meddle
                   with
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   to
                   observe
                   whether
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   produc'd
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   no
                   great
                   difficulty
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   losing
                   so
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   of
                   Pruning
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   again
                   short
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   strengthen
                   some
                   other
                   that
                   appears
                   pretty
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   well
                   plac'd
                   ;
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   hopes
                   of
                   future
                   Years
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   will
                   likewise
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   consider
                   whether
                   the
                   Year
                   be
                   universally
                   barren
                   ,
                   which
                   wou'd
                   hinder
                   the
                   Operation
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   advising
                   ;
                   or
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   doubtful
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   wou'd
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   kind
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   suppress
                   ,
                   or
                   multiply
                   it
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   preserve
                   this
                   single
                   Peach
                   ,
                   or
                   those
                   two
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   remaining
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   though
                   with
                   some
                   Regret
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   just
                   fear
                   of
                   a
                   future
                   Deformity
                   in
                   that
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   the
                   principal
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   prefer
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   of
                   a
                   future
                   Abundance
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   to
                   prefer
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   that
                   Tree
                   to
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   though
                   really
                   present
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   In
                   the
                   sixth
                   Case
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   destroy'd
                   by
                   Gum
                   ,
                   or
                   Cold
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   neither
                   difficult
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   good
                   Advice
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   you
                   must
                   wholly
                   take
                   away
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   dead
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   to
                   Sight
                   ,
                   in
                   any
                   part
                   whatever
                   ,
                   particularly
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   This
                   is
                   my
                   Method
                   for
                   the
                   Second
                   Pruning
                   .
                   If
                   any
                   thing
                   has
                   hinder'd
                   the
                   performing
                   of
                   it
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   until
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   June
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   even
                   a
                   Third
                   may
                   be
                   perform'd
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   when
                   on
                   the
                   Second
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   thought
                   fit
                   to
                   venture
                   still
                   some
                   Lengths
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   an
                   Effect
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   all
                   the
                   small
                   ,
                   sapless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   grow
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   the
                   sine
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   produc'd
                   that
                   very
                   Year
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   ,
                   to
                   shorten
                   ,
                   in
                   September
                   ,
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   that
                   are
                   weak
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   a
                   stand
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   performing
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   Operation
                   is
                   very
                   material
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   unfortunately
                   it
                   is
                   hardly
                   practis'd
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   so
                   seldom
                   ,
                   either
                   out
                   of
                   Laziness
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   time
                   ;
                   the
                   Gardner
                   having
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   number
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Works
                   ,
                   that
                   overwhelm
                   him
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     different
                     Manners
                     of
                     Ordering
                     a
                     Peach-Tree
                     in
                     the
                     Summer-time
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   I
                   Observe
                   ,
                   among
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   three
                   different
                   Methods
                   of
                   Ordering
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   young
                   Branches
                   they
                   produce
                   .
                   The
                   First
                   tear
                   or
                   pull
                   off
                   indifferently
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   grow
                   before
                   and
                   behind
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   but
                   few
                   others
                   :
                   Those
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   extreamly
                   to
                   blame
                   ,
                   and
                   unworthy
                   the
                   Profession
                   they
                   follow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   cut
                   all
                   those
                   Branches
                   within
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   occasion
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruz
                   ,
                   among
                   which
                   there
                   sometimes
                   grows
                   a
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   pretty
                   rare
                   :
                   Besides
                   that
                   ,
                   this
                   Method
                   renders
                   the
                   Trees
                   ugly
                   ,
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   disapprove
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   The
                   Third
                   preserve
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   Pallisado
                   them
                   neatly
                   ;
                   tarrying
                   to
                   chuse
                   the
                   best
                   until
                   the
                   Season
                   of
                   Pruning
                   :
                   Those
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   right
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   imitate
                   them
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Triming
                     of
                     superfluous
                     needless
                     Buds
                     and
                     Sprigs
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WHereas
                   Pruning
                   only
                   serves
                   barely
                   to
                   shorten
                   ,
                   or
                   wholly
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   some
                   old
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   their
                   length
                   ,
                   situation
                   ,
                   or
                   number
                   ,
                   annoy
                   a
                   Tree
                   ;
                   so
                   this
                   Triming
                   or
                   Picking
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   to
                   destroy
                   ,
                   and
                   entirely
                   remove
                   young
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   either
                   thick
                   ,
                   or
                   small
                   ,
                   growing
                   improperly
                   ,
                   and
                   capable
                   of
                   causing
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   or
                   prejudicing
                   either
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   the
                   Branch
                   on
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   grown
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   is
                   from
                   November
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   March
                   ;
                   which
                   Pruning
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   regularly
                   every
                   Year
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   the
                   Triming
                   is
                   commonly
                   about
                   May
                   and
                   June
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   done
                   at
                   all
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   Cause
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   neglected
                   ;
                   and
                   generally
                   it
                   cannot
                   be
                   done
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   Growth
                   of
                   those
                   useless
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   the
                   wasting
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Sap
                   unprofitably
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   employ'd
                   to
                   better
                   Uses
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   when
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   neglected
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   perform'd
                   soon
                   enough
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   late
                   ,
                   if
                   possible
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   better
                   to
                   do
                   a
                   necessary
                   thing
                   late
                   than
                   never
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   easie
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   precisely
                   what
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   so
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   or
                   Trim'd
                   ,
                   particularly
                   to
                   satisfie
                   those
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   who
                   know
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   only
                   Beginners
                   :
                   But
                   a
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Rules
                   heretofore
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   has
                   form'd
                   to
                   himself
                   the
                   Idea
                   of
                   a
                   fine
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   must
                   know
                   partly
                   what
                   Branches
                   are
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   such
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   must
                   needs
                   ,
                   at
                   first
                   sight
                   ,
                   know
                   those
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   no
                   ways
                   answerable
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   he
                   has
                   conceiv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   take
                   them
                   away
                   at
                   their
                   very
                   Birth
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   from
                   the
                   Moment
                   he
                   perceives
                   them
                   ,
                   especially
                   before
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   Summer
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Trees
                   have
                   made
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   shooting
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   such
                   Branches
                   are
                   grown
                   thick
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   they
                   must
                   remain
                   until
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   :
                   But
                   ,
                   generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Triming
                   or
                   
                   Picking
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   retrench
                   or
                   take
                   off
                   all
                   ill-plac'd
                   
                     Branches
                     shooting
                  
                   from
                   any
                   part
                   whatever
                   ,
                   whether
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   :
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   proper
                   either
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Fruit.
                   The
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   Order
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Branches
                   grow
                   ,
                   whether
                   good
                   or
                   ill
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   clearly
                   explain'd
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   for
                   this
                   .
                
                 
                   Pear-Trees
                   must
                   particularly
                   be
                   look'd
                   to
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   very
                   Beginning
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   ,
                   from
                   a
                   slanting
                   Cut
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   to
                   produce
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   outwardly
                   ,
                   there
                   should
                   grow
                   a
                   thick
                   one
                   inwardly
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   immediately
                   ,
                   in
                   Consideration
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Reasons
                   which
                   ordain
                   Trimming
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   necessary
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   Branches
                   which
                   hinder
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   better
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   be
                   more
                   useful
                   ,
                   from
                   receiving
                   a
                   due
                   Nourishment
                   ;
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   Take
                   away
                   high
                   Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   favour
                   low
                   ones
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   they
                   would
                   grow
                   considerable
                   ;
                   whereas
                   without
                   such
                   a
                   help
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   remain
                   uprofitable
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Tree
                   would
                   suffer
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fruit
                   we
                   expect
                   from
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Trimming
                   or
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   is
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   young
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   old
                   ones
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   young
                   Tree
                   at
                   once
                   shoots
                   high
                   and
                   low
                   Branches
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   Interval
                   or
                   space
                   between
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   highest
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   lowest
                   are
                   design'd
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   others
                   deserve
                   it
                   better
                   :
                   Which
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Trimming
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   by
                   the
                   real
                   way
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Pruning-Knife
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   bare
                   Trimming
                   or
                   Nipping
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   ,
                   upon
                   any
                   Tree
                   whatever
                   ,
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   produces
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Branches
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   better
                   the
                   Condition
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   avoid
                   Confusion
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   upon
                   a
                   weak
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   from
                   one
                   Eye
                   or
                   
                     Bud
                     ,
                     shoots
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   probably
                   weak
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   only
                   preserve
                   one
                   ,
                   chusing
                   that
                   which
                   appears
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   thickest
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   vigorous
                   
                     Branch
                     shoots
                  
                   three
                   from
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   middlemost
                   appears
                   too
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   worst
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   take
                   it
                   away
                   ,
                   to
                   strengthen
                   the
                   two
                   others
                   a
                   little
                   ;
                   which
                   may
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   prove
                   very
                   serviceable
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   upon
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   or
                   Trimming
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   strongest
                   Branches
                   ,
                   always
                   preserving
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   somewhat
                   less
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ;
                   and
                   especially
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   thick
                   Branch
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   
                     Prun'd
                     shoots
                  
                   many
                   ,
                   whence
                   Confusion
                   proceeds
                   ,
                   the
                   highest
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   taking
                   Care
                   however
                   not
                   to
                   disburthen
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   great
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   hardly
                   produce
                   any
                   other
                   but
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ;
                   whereas
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   upon
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   much
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   slenderest
                   and
                   poorest
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   off
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   strengthen
                   those
                   that
                   appear
                   stronger
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   strong
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   thence
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   Trees
                   may
                   as
                   well
                   be
                   prejudic'd
                   by
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   of
                   them
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   as
                   others
                   by
                   not
                   being
                   
                     Nipp'd
                     off
                  
                   enough
                   :
                   The
                   
                   Gard'ner's
                   Prudence
                   must
                   distinguish
                   between
                   those
                   whose
                   great
                   Vigour
                   requires
                   one
                   kind
                   of
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Trimming
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   whose
                   Weakness
                   requires
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   say
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   judg'd
                   that
                   many
                   Cyons
                   may
                   be
                   requir'd
                   to
                   
                     Graff
                     Scutcheon-wise
                  
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   somewhat
                   more
                   cautious
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   of
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   furnish
                   Graffs
                   ;
                   still
                   taking
                   Care
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   having
                   
                     Nipp'd
                     off
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Pallisado'd
                   prudently
                   ,
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Confusion
                   of
                   Branches
                   ,
                   some
                   long
                   slender
                   ones
                   shoot
                   out
                   ;
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   taken
                   away
                   at
                   the
                   Season
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   shorten'd
                   to
                   an
                   Eye
                   or
                   Bud
                   ,
                   being
                   commonly
                   naught
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   likewise
                   commonly
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Branch
                   of
                   a
                   
                     Peach-Tree
                     shoots
                  
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   Summer
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   produc'd
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   examin'd
                   and
                   (
                   if
                   very
                   poor
                   )
                   
                     Nipp'd
                     off
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   in
                   any
                   part
                   whatever
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   thickness
                   ,
                   having
                   double
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Fruit-Branch
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   though
                   only
                   grown
                   in
                   July
                   .
                   And
                   if
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   should
                   produce
                   one
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   thickness
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   Omen
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Preservation
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   the
                   upper
                   part
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   should
                   shoot
                   any
                   which
                   should
                   grow
                   so
                   thick
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   only
                   fit
                   for
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   in
                   a
                   place
                   where
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   occasion
                   for
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Mother
                   that
                   produc'd
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   question'd
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Pruning
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   while
                   in
                   Sap
                   ,
                   we
                   visibly
                   lose
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Sap
                   through
                   the
                   part
                   so
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   so
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   
                   evaporates
                   ,
                   or
                   is
                   wasted
                   through
                   the
                   place
                   that
                   is
                   cut
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Shooting
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   observ'd
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Melons
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   produces
                   more
                   new
                   ones
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   left
                   Unprun'd
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   advise
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   too
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   late
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   is
                   observable
                   in
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   thick
                   ,
                   young
                   Branch
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   cut
                   in
                   the
                   Summer-time
                   ,
                   seldom
                   shoots
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   very
                   inconsiderably
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   it
                   blackens
                   and
                   dies
                   ;
                   the
                   Consequence
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   neighbouring
                   Branches
                   thereby
                   commonly
                   grow
                   the
                   more
                   vigorous
                   .
                   But
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   neither
                   this
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Pinching
                   ,
                   or
                   Breaking
                   ,
                   do
                   waste
                   Sap
                   at
                   this
                   rate
                   ;
                   and
                   are
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   being
                   dangerous
                   Operations
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   the
                   Pruning
                   with
                   a
                   Knife
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   very
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 
                   Though
                   this
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   properly
                   relates
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   removing
                   of
                   Buds
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   likewise
                   be
                   understood
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Plucking
                     off
                  
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   especially
                   Stone-Fruit
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   too
                   much
                   in
                   one
                   place
                   ;
                   this
                   
                     Plucking
                     off
                  
                   being
                   perform'd
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Nipping
                     off
                  
                   :
                   Which
                   Matter
                   I
                   treat
                   of
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   shall
                   say
                   no
                   more
                   of
                   it
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   any
                   Branch
                   (
                   which
                   seem'd
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   was
                   preserv'd
                   )
                   grows
                   poor
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Supply
                   of
                   new
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   by
                   an
                   inward
                   Disorder
                   ,
                   which
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   prevented
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   other
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   taking
                   away
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   perceiv'd
                   .
                   Sometimes
                   also
                   some
                   useless
                   Branches
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   left
                   by
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   or
                   want
                   of
                   Application
                   ;
                   which
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   observ'd
                   :
                   And
                   supposing
                   some
                   fine
                   Fruit
                   may
                   be
                   left
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   a
                   Branch
                   that
                   has
                   produc'd
                   no
                   new
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   common
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   the
                   Branch
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   taken
                   off
                   until
                   the
                   Fruit
                   be
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   could
                   never
                   be
                   good
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXIV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Particular
                     Remarks
                     for
                     another
                     material
                     Operation
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     perform'd
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     upon
                     some
                     Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     called
                     Pinching
                     ,
                     or
                     Breaking
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   PInching
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   break
                   designedly
                   a
                   tender
                   Sprig
                   of
                   any
                   Plant
                   whatever
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   any
                   Instrument
                   ,
                   only
                   using
                   the
                   Nails
                   of
                   two
                   Fingers
                   .
                   This
                   way
                   of
                   Breaking
                   has
                   ever
                   been
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Shoots
                   of
                   
                     Melons
                     ,
                     Cowcumbers
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   but
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   know
                   that
                   ever
                   it
                   was
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   any
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   yet
                   I
                   have
                   thought
                   ●it
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   though
                   only
                   upon
                   four
                   kind
                   of
                   
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     viz.
                     Pear
                     ,
                     Peach
                     ,
                     Fig
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Orange-Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   treat
                   here
                   of
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Branches
                   of
                   vigorous
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   
                     Branches
                     shooting
                  
                   from
                   slit
                   Graffs
                   made
                   upon
                   old
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   being
                   still
                   in
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   Case
                   :
                   I
                   will
                   treat
                   in
                   other
                   places
                   of
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Pinching
                   of
                   Orange
                   and
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   of
                   Strawberry-Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   Raddishes
                   run
                   up
                   to
                   
                     Seed
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   which
                   made
                   me
                   imagine
                   this
                   way
                   of
                   Pinching
                   these
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   makes
                   me
                   use
                   it
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   Fruit
                   seldom
                   grows
                   upon
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   upon
                   the
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   I
                   thought
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   possible
                   to
                   order
                   Matters
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   wholly
                   employ'd
                   in
                   producing
                   but
                   one
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   proves
                   either
                   useless
                   ,
                   or
                   cumbersom
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   could
                   be
                   order'd
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Sap
                   might
                   be
                   so
                   divided
                   as
                   to
                   produce
                   several
                   Branches
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Question
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   Quantity
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   some
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   many
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   would
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   instead
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   thick
                   Branch
                   would
                   have
                   produc'd
                   no
                   good
                   Effect
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   the
                   thing
                   possible
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   requir'd
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   May
                   ,
                   but
                   sometimes
                   in
                   June
                   and
                   July
                   ,
                   to
                   break
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Shoots
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   while
                   yet
                   tender
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   easie
                   to
                   break
                   as
                   Glass
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   true
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Operation
                   is
                   founded
                   upon
                   a
                   Reason
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   explain'd
                   in
                   my
                   Reflections
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   then
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   heretofore
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   broken
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   thick
                   new
                   Shoots
                   within
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   often
                   obtain'd
                   what
                   I
                   desir'd
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   many
                   Branches
                   as
                   I
                   had
                   left
                   Eyes
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   a
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   cannot
                   have
                   too
                   many
                   ,
                   
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   plac'd
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   Branches
                   proceeding
                   from
                   such
                   Pinching
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   the
                   Expression
                   ,
                   commonly
                   some
                   have
                   prov'd
                   weak
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   have
                   born
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   some
                   have
                   prov'd
                   pretty
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   been
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   :
                   If
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   produc'd
                   such
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   form'd
                   them
                   with
                   a
                   lively
                   ,
                   vigorous
                   Action
                   ,
                   met
                   in
                   its
                   way
                   an
                   Obstacle
                   ,
                   to
                   stop
                   it
                   short
                   in
                   the
                   heighth
                   of
                   its
                   Action
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   hindring
                   it
                   from
                   following
                   its
                   Course
                   in
                   continuing
                   to
                   rise
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   do
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   hinder'd
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   this
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   cannot
                   cease
                   acting
                   ,
                   being
                   forc'd
                   to
                   get
                   out
                   one
                   way
                   or
                   other
                   ,
                   would
                   burst
                   out
                   by
                   as
                   many
                   Cranies
                   ,
                   or
                   Overtures
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   find
                   near
                   that
                   place
                   where
                   it
                   was
                   stop'd
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   upon
                   necessity
                   ,
                   would
                   make
                   some
                   of
                   it self
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Pinching
                   is
                   seldom
                   to
                   be
                   practis'd
                   upon
                   any
                   but
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   Top
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   remain
                   useless
                   by
                   their
                   Situation
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   would
                   consume
                   abundance
                   of
                   good
                   Sap
                   superfluously
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   seldom
                   us'd
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   always
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   until
                   the
                   Winter
                   -
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   their
                   shooting
                   some
                   others
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ,
                   sit
                   to
                   fill
                   such
                   places
                   as
                   naturally
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   are
                   but
                   too
                   subject
                   to
                   be
                   thin
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   to
                   be
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Pinching
                   ,
                   or
                   Breaking
                   off
                   ,
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   having
                   no
                   more
                   Sap
                   than
                   they
                   want
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   would
                   only
                   produce
                   slender
                   ,
                   Sapless
                   ones
                   in
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   small
                   Portion
                   of
                   Sap
                   which
                   Nature
                   allows
                   them
                   should
                   be
                   divided
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   therefore
                   nothing
                   must
                   be
                   broken
                   upon
                   such
                   Trees
                   as
                   produce
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   of
                   those
                   weak
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   few
                   of
                   those
                   good
                   thick
                   ones
                   :
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   this
                   Character
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   among
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   time
                   for
                   Pinching
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   cold
                   Climes
                   ,
                   like
                   ours
                   of
                   Paris
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   June
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   necessary
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   a
                   second
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Solstice
                   ,
                   or
                   longest
                   Days
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   is
                   admirable
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   Water
                   some
                   Trees
                   in
                   a
                   dry
                   Soil
                   ,
                   when
                   Rain
                   is
                   wanting
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   wonderful
                   re-doubling
                   of
                   Action
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   in
                   the
                   Branches
                   ;
                   that
                   being
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Effort
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   already
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   first
                   Fury
                   of
                   Stone-Fruits
                   begins
                   to
                   appear
                   at
                   the
                   Full-Moon
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   falls
                   out
                   in
                   May
                   ;
                   and
                   we
                   are
                   going
                   to
                   see
                   another
                   kind
                   of
                   Fury
                   at
                   the
                   First
                   Quarter
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   both
                   which
                   times
                   are
                   good
                   for
                   Pinching
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   we
                   observe
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   every
                   Tree
                   do
                   not
                   begin
                   to
                   shoot
                   vigorously
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   what
                   has
                   not
                   been
                   Pinch'd
                   or
                   broken
                   off
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Season
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   at
                   the
                   second
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   best
                   time
                   to
                   Pinch
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Branches
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   was
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   they
                   are
                   easie
                   to
                   break
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   pull
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   use
                   a
                   Knife
                   to
                   shorten
                   them
                   :
                   From
                   thence
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   judge
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   found
                   it
                   dangerous
                   to
                   use
                   Instruments
                   to
                   cut
                   such
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   true
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   the
                   Extremity
                   or
                   End
                   of
                   such
                   Branches
                   so
                   cut
                   ,
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   blacken
                   and
                   die
                   ,
                   it
                   certainly
                   not
                   producing
                   the
                   same
                   Effect
                   with
                   that
                   which
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   Pinching
                   .
                   The
                   same
                   thing
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   ,
                   tender
                   Branches
                   ,
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   Graff's
                   of
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   made
                   upon
                   a
                   thick
                   ,
                   vigorous
                   Stock
                   ;
                   however
                   ,
                   Experience
                   teaches
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Knife
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   dangerous
                   upon
                   these
                   ,
                   as
                   upon
                   those
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXV
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     what
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     to
                     some
                     Trees
                     ,
                     being
                     extraordinarily
                     vigorous
                     ,
                     not
                     Bearing
                     of
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   THere
                   still
                   remains
                   to
                   see
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   some
                   Trees
                   being
                   extraordinary
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   remain
                   sometimes
                   many
                   Years
                   ,
                   only
                   producing
                   much
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   little
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   often
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   as
                   most
                   Pear
                   and
                   Apple-Trees
                   are
                   ,
                   being
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   free
                   Stocks
                   ;
                   and
                   particularly
                   ,
                   how
                   to
                   preserve
                   a
                   Tree
                   producing
                   only
                   small
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   which
                   yearly
                   shews
                   its
                   Infirmity
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   iss
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   colour
                   of
                   its
                   Leaves
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   very
                   vigorous
                   Tree
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   question
                   here
                   ,
                   many
                   People
                   propose
                   ,
                   as
                   soveraign
                   and
                   infallible
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   Expedients
                   and
                   Remedies
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   tried
                   a
                   long
                   while
                   ,
                   with
                   great
                   Application
                   ;
                   yet
                   ,
                   upon
                   my
                   Word
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   Success
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   To
                   bore
                   a
                   Hole
                   through
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   a
                   Peg
                   of
                   dry
                   Oak
                   into
                   it
                   ;
                   to
                   split
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   main
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   a
                   Stone
                   into
                   it
                   ;
                   to
                   Prune
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Declinings
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   wretched
                   Secrets
                   of
                   good
                   old
                   People
                   ,
                   infatuated
                   with
                   old
                   Maxims
                   ;
                   People
                   who
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   Skill
                   in
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   easily
                   satisfy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   my
                   part
                   ,
                   besides
                   my
                   being
                   persuaded
                   by
                   Experience
                   ,
                   that
                   my
                   manner
                   of
                   Pruning
                   often
                   prevents
                   the
                   Difficulty
                   now
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   moreover
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   of
                   great
                   Obstinacy
                   ,
                   recourse
                   to
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   really
                   the
                   best
                   thing
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   constantly
                   the
                   Fruit
                   on
                   Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   an
                   Effect
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   a
                   Mark
                   of
                   a
                   certain
                   moderate
                   Weakness
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   ,
                   without
                   minding
                   a
                   thousand
                   Trifles
                   ,
                   to
                   go
                   to
                   the
                   Source
                   of
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   uncovering
                   half
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   cutting
                   off
                   one
                   ,
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   of
                   the
                   thickest
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   most
                   active
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   least
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   may
                   not
                   remain
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   capable
                   of
                   acting
                   ,
                   or
                   producing
                   the
                   least
                   Thread
                   of
                   a
                   capilar
                   Root
                   :
                   The
                   Roots
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Moity
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   I
                   suppose
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   good
                   ones
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   from
                   the
                   Side
                   uncovered
                   ;
                   )
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Moity
                   ,
                   left
                   untouch'd
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   nourish
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Remedy
                   is
                   infallible
                   to
                   prevent
                   such
                   Trees
                   from
                   being
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   resty
                   to
                   our
                   Cares
                   and
                   Industry
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   soon
                   make
                   them
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   this
                   will
                   put
                   a
                   stop
                   to
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   shall
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   abounding
                   as
                   before
                   ,
                   one
                   ,
                   two
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   Workers
                   being
                   remov'd
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   weak
                   Branches
                   will
                   only
                   receive
                   a
                   moderate
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Buds
                   begun
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   extending
                   ,
                   will
                   grow
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   turn
                   to
                   Fruit-Buds
                   ,
                   will
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   and
                   finally
                   yield
                   what
                   is
                   desired
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Philosophers
                   may
                   Criticise
                   upon
                   ,
                   and
                   explain
                   this
                   as
                   they
                   please
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   thing
                   happens
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Root
                   up
                   such
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   re-plant
                   them
                   immediately
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   and
                   Branches
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   some
                   Authors
                   propose
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   sometimes
                   an
                   effectual
                   Remedy
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   somewhat
                   too
                   violent
                   ,
                   since
                   sometimes
                   it
                   threatens
                   Death
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   makes
                   an
                   ugly
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   is
                   as
                   great
                   a
                   Defect
                   as
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   I
                   use
                   it
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   though
                   sometimes
                   I
                   do
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXVI
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Conduct
                     ,
                     or
                     Culture
                     of
                     Fig-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AFter
                   having
                   said
                   in
                   another
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   after
                   a
                   long
                   Experience
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   ripe
                   Fig
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   Pallat
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   growing
                   upon
                   Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   hitherto
                   I
                   have
                   met
                   with
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   is
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   most
                   delicious
                   ,
                   by
                   all
                   judicious
                   Persons
                   ;
                   I
                   thought
                   my self
                   oblig'd
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   general
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   particular
                   one
                   for
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   this
                   .
                
                 
                   Before
                   I
                   enter
                   upon
                   this
                   matter
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   expressing
                   my
                   Astonishment
                   ,
                   considering
                   that
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   singular
                   Esteem
                   most
                   People
                   have
                   for
                   good
                   Figs
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   general
                   Custom
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   to
                   have
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   each
                   Garden
                   ,
                   not
                   exceeding
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   those
                   commonly
                   abandon'd
                   in
                   some
                   inner
                   Yard
                   ,
                   expos'd
                   to
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   ill
                   Treatment
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   Culture
                   .
                   Indeed
                   ,
                   in
                   warmer
                   Climates
                   they
                   are
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   honourably
                   treated
                   ;
                   there
                   are
                   always
                   abundance
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   under
                   the
                   shelter
                   of
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   but
                   particularly
                   in
                   Vine-yards
                   ,
                   in
                   Hedges
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Fields
                   ;
                   and
                   they
                   make
                   a
                   considerable
                   Trade
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   dry'd
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   mention
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   sensible
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   difficulty
                   of
                   preserving
                   Fig-Trees
                   from
                   the
                   great
                   Colds
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   chief
                   Reason
                   for
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   so
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   our
                   Climates
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   considering
                   the
                   Consequence
                   and
                   Merit
                   of
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   People
                   should
                   have
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   Study
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   than
                   they
                   have
                   done
                   ,
                   to
                   enjoy
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   higher
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   rich
                   Present
                   of
                   Nature
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   to
                   repeat
                   here
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Choice
                   and
                   Proportion
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   touching
                   the
                   Diversity
                   of
                   the
                   Kinds
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   my
                   preferring
                   the
                   white
                   ones
                   ,
                   whether
                   long
                   ,
                   or
                   round
                   ,
                   for
                   this
                   Country
                   ,
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   others
                   :
                   Neither
                   will
                   I
                   repeat
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Situation
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   relate
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   my
                   Cultivating
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   especially
                   ,
                   how
                   that
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   ill
                   Custom
                   ,
                   which
                   made
                   us
                   be
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   a
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   
                   apply'd
                   my self
                   to
                   the
                   breeding
                   of
                   many
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   by
                   the
                   common
                   Way
                   of
                   Planting
                   them
                   in
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   or
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   in
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   both
                   pretty
                   new
                   ,
                   pleasant
                   and
                   useful
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   introduce
                   a
                   new
                   Expression
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   call'd
                   a
                   Figuerie
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   Orangeries
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Delight
                   His
                   Majesty
                   takes
                   in
                   that
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   danger
                   of
                   Dying
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   all
                   Fig-Trees
                   are
                   expos'd
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Ground
                   ,
                   in
                   great
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   of
                   bearing
                   no
                   Fruit
                   that
                   Year
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   two
                   powerful
                   Motives
                   for
                   me
                   ,
                   who
                   am
                   honour'd
                   with
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   Director
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   belonging
                   to
                   the
                   Royal
                   Family
                   ,
                   to
                   induce
                   me
                   to
                   bethink
                   my self
                   of
                   the
                   Means
                   of
                   Certainly
                   having
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Figs
                   every
                   Year
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   performance
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   met
                   with
                   very
                   little
                   difficulty
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   common
                   Mould
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ,
                   mix'd
                   with
                   an
                   equal
                   quantity
                   of
                   Soil
                   or
                   small
                   Dung
                   ,
                   turn'd
                   to
                   Mould
                   ,
                   is
                   extraordinary
                   good
                   for
                   it
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   The
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   hard
                   and
                   thick
                   ,
                   like
                   those
                   of
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Stone
                   ,
                   or
                   Kernel
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   remain
                   soft
                   and
                   flexible
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   slender
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   are
                   easily
                   order'd
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   with
                   more
                   case
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   thrive
                   so
                   well
                   in
                   them
                   .
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   These
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   naturally
                   produce
                   abundance
                   of
                   Roots
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   casie
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   live
                   fatly
                   and
                   vigorously
                   in
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   or
                   space
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   provided
                   Moisture
                   be
                   not
                   wanting
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   the
                   universal
                   Approbation
                   I
                   have
                   met
                   with
                   in
                   this
                   Undertaking
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Imitation
                   that
                   has
                   follow'd
                   it
                   by
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   have
                   encourag'd
                   me
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   considerable
                   progress
                   in
                   this
                   Figuerie
                   ,
                   or
                   Fig-Garden
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   most
                   induc'd
                   me
                   to
                   proceed
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ripens
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   sooner
                   here
                   than
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   somewhat
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   yellower
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   is
                   easily
                   heated
                   in
                   the
                   Cases
                   ,
                   producing
                   the
                   first
                   good
                   Effect
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   the
                   two
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   I
                   might
                   add
                   ,
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   seeing
                   in
                   this
                   Country
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   seem'd
                   to
                   be
                   altogether
                   reserv'd
                   for
                   hot
                   Countries
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   that
                   of
                   being
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   a
                   Wood
                   ,
                   abounding
                   with
                   Figs
                   ;
                   there
                   to
                   chuse
                   and
                   gather
                   the
                   sinest
                   and
                   ripest
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   trouble
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   I
                   have
                   bred
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   having
                   found
                   that
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Advantages
                   above
                   related
                   ,
                   there
                   was
                   yet
                   another
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   considerable
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   securely
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Ease
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Covering
                   to
                   keep
                   off
                   the
                   great
                   Frost
                   is
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   that
                   Covering
                   or
                   Shelter
                   not
                   being
                   near
                   so
                   considerable
                   as
                   those
                   for
                   Orange-Trees
                   and
                   Jessemins
                   ,
                   these
                   both
                   stripping
                   or
                   casting
                   their
                   Leaves
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   Cold
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   almost
                   utterly
                   spoil'd
                   ;
                   every
                   body
                   knowing
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Fall
                   of
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   Rigour
                   of
                   Cold
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   much
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   denotes
                   ,
                   in
                   those
                   Trees
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   Infirmity
                   in
                   the
                   Branches
                   so
                   stripp'd
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   recover
                   them
                   ;
                   whereas
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   Leaves
                   to
                   preserve
                   on
                   our
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   Wood
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   Branches
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Wood
                   is
                   pretty
                   course
                   ,
                   though
                   extreamly
                   Pithy
                   ,
                   or
                   Sappy
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   resists
                   the
                   Cold
                   much
                   better
                   than
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   that
                   this
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   of
                   it self
                   is
                   pretty
                   tender
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   dries
                   up
                   at
                   the
                   usual
                   Fall
                   of
                   the
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   grows
                   hard
                   ;
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ceasing
                   to
                   act
                   within
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   the
                   Leaves
                   begin
                   to
                   fall
                   on
                   the
                   out-side
                   ,
                   the
                   Wood
                   no
                   longer
                   receiving
                   any
                   new
                   Sap
                   ,
                   ceases
                   to
                   fear
                   the
                   Rigour
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   Wood
                   of
                   the
                   Orange-Trees
                   and
                   Jessamins
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   perpetual
                   Operation
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   ,
                   remains
                   as
                   tender
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   :
                   Which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Sap
                   continually
                   rises
                   ,
                   particularly
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   those
                   Leaves
                   that
                   remain
                   upon
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   themselves
                   ;
                   that
                   Sap
                   ,
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   keeps
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   so
                   sensible
                   to
                   Frost
                   and
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   that
                   thereby
                   they
                   often
                   fall
                   into
                   those
                   great
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   body
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   almost
                   the
                   greatest
                   they
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   being
                   then
                   granted
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   our
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   sufficient
                   that
                   the
                   great
                   Frost
                   should
                   not
                   light
                   directly
                   upon
                   their
                   Branches
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   sufficient
                   for
                   the
                   Conservatory
                   to
                   be
                   reasonably
                   close
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   as
                   at
                   the
                   Doors
                   and
                   Windows
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   Ground
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   pretty
                   well
                   frozen
                   in
                   the
                   Cases
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   the
                   Fig-Tree
                   receive
                   no
                   prejudice
                   by
                   it
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   a
                   moderate
                   low
                   Cellar
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Stable
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Common-Hall
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   so
                   pernicious
                   to
                   Orange-Trees
                   and
                   Jessemins
                   ,
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   for
                   our
                   Fig-Trees
                   ;
                   not
                   but
                   if
                   that
                   place
                   were
                   very
                   moist
                   ,
                   it
                   might
                   harm
                   them
                   :
                   As
                   also
                   a
                   
                     Cas'd
                     Fig-Tree
                  
                   ,
                   remaining
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   without
                   a
                   Covering
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   much
                   more
                   endanger'd
                   than
                   another
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   Ground
                   ;
                   for
                   a
                   thick
                   Frost
                   would
                   kill
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   Head
                   ;
                   whereas
                   a
                   Fig-Tree
                   ,
                   planted
                   in
                   open
                   Ground
                   ,
                   would
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   towards
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Time
                   of
                   putting
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Conservatories
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   November
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   plac'd
                   there
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   thick
                   or
                   great
                   Frosts
                   are
                   coming
                   on
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   re
                   
                   without
                   wanting
                   the
                   least
                   Culture
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   Care
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   keeping
                   of
                   the
                   place
                   as
                   close
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   only
                   during
                   the
                   great
                   Colds
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   excepting
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   they
                   need
                   not
                   be
                   kept
                   so
                   close
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   They
                   may
                   be
                   taken
                   out
                   again
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   beginning
                   ,
                   the
                   Weather
                   being
                   very
                   fair
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Seasons
                   of
                   great
                   Frosts
                   appearing
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   manner
                   ,
                   past
                   :
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   staying
                   ,
                   till
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   at
                   all
                   to
                   fear
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   new
                   Figs
                   ;
                   for
                   then
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   staying
                   until
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ;
                   it
                   happening
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   until
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   blacken
                   and
                   kill
                   them
                   ,
                   though
                   reasonably
                   thick
                   .
                   The
                   reason
                   which
                   obliges
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   out
                   sooner
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   Fig-Trees
                   should
                   immediately
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   soft
                   Showers
                   of
                   March
                   and
                   April
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   shoot
                   their
                   first
                   Fruit
                   with
                   success
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Fruits
                   may
                   insensibly
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ;
                   which
                   must
                   make
                   them
                   grow
                   ,
                   and
                   ripen
                   betimes
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Figs
                   which
                   grow
                   under
                   Covert
                   ,
                   coming
                   into
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   blacken
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   perish
                   ,
                   even
                   without
                   any
                   Frost
                   ,
                   or
                   considerable
                   Cold
                   ;
                   a
                   North-East
                   Wind
                   ,
                   or
                   excessive
                   Heat
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Days
                   of
                   their
                   coming
                   out
                   ,
                   destroying
                   them
                   without
                   Redemption
                   :
                   Whereas
                   those
                   Figs
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   a
                   little
                   enur'd
                   to
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   have
                   harden'd
                   themselves
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   resist
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   Intemperature
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   taking
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   prefix'd
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   only
                   two
                   things
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   immediately
                   along
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   close
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   to
                   some
                   good
                   Walls
                   ,
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   or
                   East
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   leave
                   them
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Full-Moon
                   of
                   April
                   be
                   past
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   about
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May.
                   This
                   situation
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Aspect
                   of
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   soak'd
                   by
                   the
                   Rains
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   find
                   some
                   Shelter
                   against
                   the
                   Morning-Frosts
                   of
                   the
                   Remains
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   those
                   of
                   March
                   and
                   April
                   ;
                   because
                   that
                   ,
                   whereas
                   this
                   wonderful
                   
                     Fruit
                     shoots
                  
                   out
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   ready
                   form'd
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   ;
                   presenting
                   it self
                   thus
                   ,
                   all
                   on
                   the
                   sudden
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   any
                   Covering
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   or
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   very
                   tender
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Days
                   of
                   its
                   Birth
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   such
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   common
                   and
                   frequent
                   at
                   those
                   times
                   ,
                   falling
                   then
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   would
                   prove
                   very
                   dangerous
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   mortal
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   ,
                   though
                   this
                   Shelter
                   be
                   favourable
                   to
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   such
                   that
                   are
                   planted
                   in
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   yet
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   with
                   Sheets
                   ,
                   or
                   Straw
                   ,
                   or
                   long
                   dry
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   Peas-Cods
                   ,
                   when-ever
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   threaten'd
                   by
                   some
                   Frost
                   :
                   The
                   cold
                   North-West
                   Winds
                   ,
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   North-East
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   Ha●●
                   ,
                   or
                   melted
                   Snow
                   ,
                   seldom
                   fail
                   to
                   occasion
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   commonly
                   fore-told
                   it
                   the
                   Day
                   before
                   :
                   Woe
                   to
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   who
                   neglects
                   ,
                   or
                   does
                   not
                   improve
                   the
                   Signal
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   ill
                   Omen
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   remov'd
                   Fig-Trees
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   thus
                   plac'd
                   them
                   under
                   shelter
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   (
                   to
                   use
                   the
                   Phrase
                   of
                   Gard'ners
                   )
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   a
                   good
                   Wetting
                   in
                   every
                   Case
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   one
                   good
                   substantial
                   Watering
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Moat
                   may
                   be
                   soak'd
                   by
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   shall
                   hardly
                   need
                   any
                   more
                   Watering
                   ,
                   until
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   begins
                   to
                   appear
                   all
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   a
                   little
                   thick
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   April
                   ;
                   the
                   Spring-Rains
                   will
                   supply
                   other
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   but
                   this
                   first
                   Watering
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   ,
                   to
                   soak
                   the
                   Ground
                   a-new
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   after
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Months
                   Confinement
                   ,
                   was
                   grown
                   quite
                   dry
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   coming
                   in
                   of
                   the
                   hot
                   Weather
                   ,
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   capable
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   to
                   renew
                   their
                   Action
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   there
                   should
                   be
                   no
                   good
                   Motion
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   nourish
                   and
                   thicken
                   that
                   new
                   Fruit
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   the
                   sooner
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   new
                   Wood
                   ;
                   with
                   a
                   Certainty
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   sooner
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     shoot
                  
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   the
                   sooner
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   the
                   second
                   Figs
                   of
                   Autumn
                   .
                   I
                   will
                   take
                   notice
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   here
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   grow
                   independently
                   from
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   just
                   as
                   the
                   Blossoms
                   of
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   open
                   ;
                   and
                   produce
                   their
                   first
                   Buds
                   independently
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   The
                   Cold
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   great
                   Enemy
                   of
                   those
                   Figs
                   ,
                   being
                   gone
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   commonly
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   the
                   Cases
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   from
                   that
                   Shelter
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   somewhat
                   at
                   large
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   some
                   little
                   Garden
                   ,
                   well
                   surrounded
                   with
                   good
                   Walls
                   ;
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   dispos'd
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   border
                   ,
                   or
                   form
                   Allies
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   a
                   little
                   green
                   Wood
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   are
                   enough
                   for
                   it
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   that
                   I
                   call
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   call'd
                   ,
                   a
                   Figuerie
                   ,
                   or
                   Fig-Garden
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   soon
                   as
                   these
                   Cases
                   are
                   thus
                   dispos'd
                   of
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   allow'd
                   another
                   good
                   Watering
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   to
                   be
                   continu'd
                   once
                   a
                   Week
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Water'd
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   twice
                   a
                   Week
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   receive
                   great
                   and
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   almost
                   once
                   a
                   Day
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   But
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   gain
                   Time
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   get
                   with
                   ease
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Establishment
                   and
                   Maintenance
                   of
                   my
                   Fig-Garden
                   ,
                   I
                   begin
                   by
                   making
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Bed
                   ,
                   or
                   Colich
                   ,
                   of
                   good
                   Dung
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   three
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Foot
                   in
                   Breadth
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   much
                   in
                   Length
                   as
                   my
                   Occasion
                   requires
                   :
                   I
                   let
                   the
                   great
                   Heat
                   of
                   it
                   pass
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   lasts
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Days
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   having
                   provided
                   
                     Earthen
                     Pots
                  
                   about
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   Diameter
                   ,
                   or
                   small
                   Cases
                   about
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   :
                   I
                   fill
                   those
                   Pots
                   ,
                   or
                   Cases
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Mould
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   mix'd
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   equal
                   quantity
                   of
                   Soil
                   or
                   small
                   ,
                   old
                   ,
                   consummated
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   nothing
                   else
                   ;
                   that
                   Soil
                   being
                   very
                   good
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Multiplication
                   of
                   Roots
                   ,
                   but
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   good
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   Casings
                   .
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   press
                   that
                   Earth
                   very
                   close
                   into
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Pot
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Case
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   have
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Inches
                   loose
                   on
                   the
                   top
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   this
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   small
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   altogether
                   Rooted
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   having
                   extreamly
                   shorten'd
                   all
                   their
                   Roots
                   ,
                   I
                   put
                   them
                   ,
                   about
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Inehes
                   deep
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   said
                   Pots
                   ,
                   or
                   Cases
                   ,
                   allowing
                   each
                   but
                   about
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Inches
                   
                     Stem
                     :
                     (
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   in
                   Cases
                   cannot
                   be
                   too
                   short
                   body'd
                   :
                   )
                   Afterwards
                   I
                   put
                   the
                   said
                   Pots
                   ,
                   or
                   Cases
                   ,
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   Middle
                   in
                   the
                   aforesaid
                   Bed.
                   A
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   so
                   Planted
                   ,
                   commonly
                   take
                   ,
                   and
                   produce
                   ,
                   that
                   very
                   Year
                   ,
                   some
                   pretty
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   number
                   ;
                   provided
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   ,
                   they
                   be
                   well
                   Water'd
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Bed
                   has
                   been
                   heated
                   twice
                   or
                   thrice
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   it
                   always
                   reasonably
                   hot
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   Pots
                   ,
                   I
                   take
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Pots
                   ,
                   that
                   very
                   Summer
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   following
                   Spring
                   ,
                   those
                   little
                   Fig-Trees
                   that
                   have
                   shot
                   well
                   in
                   those
                   Pots
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   together
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Mote
                   into
                   Cases
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   ,
                   fill'd
                   up
                   with
                   the
                   prepar'd
                   Earth
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   must
                   have
                   been
                   press'd
                   close
                   into
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   that
                   Mote
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   new
                   Roots
                   that
                   shall
                   grow
                   ,
                   from
                   descending
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   easily
                   ,
                   into
                   that
                   Bottom
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   yet
                   more
                   effectually
                   ,
                   in
                   Casing
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   observe
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   as
                   in
                   Casing
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   excepting
                   only
                   Rubbish
                   ,
                   and
                   pieces
                   of
                   old
                   and
                   dry
                   Plaister
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   no
                   wise
                   necessary
                   here
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   I
                   Plant
                   these
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Superficies
                   of
                   the
                   Mote
                   ,
                   may
                   exceed
                   the
                   Edge
                   of
                   the
                   Case
                   about
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Inches
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   with
                   Douves
                   put
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   I
                   keep
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   the
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   none
                   of
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   wasted
                   ;
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   the
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   moving
                   or
                   transporting
                   of
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   so
                   Cased
                   sinking
                   the
                   Surface
                   but
                   too
                   soon
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Care
                   being
                   taken
                   to
                   Water
                   those
                   young
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   those
                   little
                   Cases
                   ,
                   they
                   begin
                   pretty
                   often
                   to
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   in
                   them
                   the
                   very
                   Year
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   Cas'd
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   produce
                   some
                   the
                   following
                   Years
                   .
                   They
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   two
                   Years
                   in
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   little
                   Cases
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   next
                   into
                   larger
                   ,
                   of
                   about
                   thirteen
                   or
                   fourteen
                   Inches
                   in
                   the
                   in-side
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   two
                   thirds
                   of
                   the
                   Mote
                   ,
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   Planting
                   them
                   especially
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   pressing
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   as
                   close
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   Bottom
                   :
                   Which
                   things
                   must
                   all
                   be
                   done
                   of
                   necessity
                   ,
                   at
                   every
                   Removal
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   are
                   to
                   remain
                   in
                   these
                   ,
                   until
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   changing
                   them
                   a-new
                   :
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   are
                   observ'd
                   to
                   shoot
                   no
                   more
                   thick
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   happens
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   third
                   or
                   fourth
                   Year
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   Cas'd
                   :
                   At
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   those
                   Chests
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   perform'd
                   the
                   Operations
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   put
                   again
                   either
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   Cases
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   serv'd
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Years
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   still
                   good
                   enough
                   ;
                   which
                   happens
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   Waterings
                   rotting
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   or
                   into
                   other
                   new
                   Cases
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Size
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Fig-Trees
                   must
                   be
                   left
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Years
                   longer
                   in
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Cases
                   ,
                   being
                   about
                   thirteen
                   or
                   fourteen
                   Inches
                   in
                   the
                   in-side
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   observable
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Marks
                   above
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   changing
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   as
                   before
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   into
                   other
                   Cases
                   of
                   seventeen
                   or
                   eighteen
                   Inches
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Years
                   ;
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   again
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   fourth
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   aforesaid
                   ,
                   either
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   Cases
                   ,
                   or
                   into
                   others
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Size
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   difficulty
                   of
                   Transportation
                   commonly
                   hinders
                   me
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   wearing
                   out
                   of
                   these
                   second
                   Cases
                   of
                   eighteen
                   Inches
                   ,
                   from
                   venturing
                   to
                   put
                   them
                   into
                   larger
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   very
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   being
                   about
                   twenty
                   one
                   or
                   twenty
                   two
                   Inches
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   however
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   the
                   last
                   I
                   would
                   remove
                   them
                   into
                   ,
                   unless
                   I
                   had
                   very
                   great
                   Conveniencies
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Transporting
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   Laying
                   of
                   them
                   up
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   ,
                   those
                   Cased
                   Fig-Trees
                   would
                   grow
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   degree
                   of
                   largeness
                   and
                   weight
                   ,
                   as
                   would
                   require
                   too
                   many
                   Machines
                   to
                   move
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   quantity
                   of
                   Water
                   to
                   give
                   them
                   due
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   I
                   abandon
                   them
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   Cultivated
                   them
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   fifteen
                   or
                   twenty
                   Years
                   ;
                   and
                   take
                   no
                   farther
                   Care
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   Plant
                   them
                   ,
                   either
                   into
                   our
                   own
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   some
                   of
                   our
                   Friends
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   yet
                   good
                   enough
                   ,
                   provided
                   Care
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   cut
                   off
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   the
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Roots
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Regret
                   ,
                   I
                   resolve
                   to
                   burn
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   my
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   and
                   my
                   Fig-Garden
                   ,
                   always
                   equally
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   I
                   yearly
                   rear
                   up
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   aforesaid
                   ;
                   which
                   serve
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ones
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   part
                   with
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Breeding
                   of
                   them
                   is
                   easie
                   :
                   First
                   ,
                   Because
                   the
                   Feet
                   of
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   that
                   are
                   Planted
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   
                     Ground
                     shoot
                  
                   abundance
                   of
                   
                     Rooted
                     Suckers
                  
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   Because
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   easie
                   to
                   lay
                   Branches
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   round
                   about
                   every
                   old
                   Foot
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   their
                   taking
                   Root
                   .
                   And
                   Finally
                   ,
                   because
                   some
                   may
                   be
                   bred
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   bended
                   Layers
                   ,
                   plac'd
                   a
                   little
                   in
                   the
                   Shade
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   little
                   Gash
                   in
                   those
                   towards
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   though
                   many
                   succeed
                   without
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   there
                   are
                   abundance
                   of
                   Means
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   very
                   easie
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   Provision
                   of
                   small
                   young
                   Fig-Trees
                   :
                   Wo
                   to
                   that
                   Gard'ner
                   who
                   does
                   not
                   do
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   does
                   not
                   use
                   his
                   utmost
                   Skill
                   to
                   multiply
                   so
                   good
                   a
                   Tree
                   ;
                   trying
                   immediately
                   ,
                   whenever
                   he
                   is
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   cut
                   some
                   Fig-Branches
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   those
                   Layers
                   take
                   Root
                   ;
                   at
                   he
                   may
                   do
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   has
                   a
                   little
                   Wood
                   of
                   two
                   Years
                   standing
                   ;
                   because
                   that
                   those
                   cut
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   Years
                   standing
                   ,
                   are
                   much
                   apter
                   to
                   rot
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   take
                   Root
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   Inconveniency
                   attending
                   Cases
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   mention'd
                   heretofore
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   
                     June
                     ,
                     July
                     ,
                     August
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   September
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   indispensible
                   necessity
                   of
                   Watering
                   them
                   largely
                   every
                   Day
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   Water
                   may
                   penetrate
                   through
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Case
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   without
                   fail
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Water'd
                   so
                   every
                   other
                   Day
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   Rains
                   very
                   hard
                   ;
                   not
                   that
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   Rains
                   often
                   penetrates
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Mote
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   because
                   while
                   it
                   Rains
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Sun-shine
                   capable
                   of
                   penetrating
                   through
                   the
                   Case
                   ,
                   to
                   dry
                   up
                   the
                   Roots
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   Reason
                   that
                   may
                   stop
                   the
                   Continuation
                   of
                   Watering
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   must
                   small
                   Rains
                   be
                   minded
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   to
                   Fig-Trees
                   ;
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   often
                   prejudice
                   them
                   ,
                   by
                   persuading
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   they
                   are
                   sufficient
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   want
                   of
                   Watering
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   ;
                   the
                   broad
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   hindering
                   the
                   Earth
                   (
                   which
                   lies
                   very
                   close
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   very
                   hard
                   by
                   an
                   Infinity
                   of
                   Roots
                   )
                   from
                   being
                   soak'd
                   by
                   an
                   inconsiderable
                   Rain
                   ,
                   since
                   even
                   great
                   Showers
                   cannot
                   do
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   dropping
                   down
                   ,
                   and
                   perishing
                   ,
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ceasing
                   never
                   so
                   little
                   to
                   act
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   furnish
                   the
                   Figs
                   with
                   the
                   perpetual
                   help
                   they
                   stand
                   indispensibly
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   ;
                   which
                   will
                   certainly
                   happen
                   ,
                   upon
                   failure
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   and
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   we
                   recommend
                   :
                   For
                   those
                   Figs
                   that
                   have
                   wanted
                   the
                   least
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   remain
                   flobby
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   full
                   of
                   Wind
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   fill'd
                   up
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   pithy
                   Pulp
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   Ripening
                   ,
                   drop
                   down
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   Inconvenience
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   this
                   requires
                   so
                   great
                   an
                   Application
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   easie
                   matter
                   to
                   succeed
                   in
                   Fig-Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fig-Trees
                   Planted
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   Ground
                   requires
                   no
                   such
                   Slavery
                   ;
                   since
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Planted
                   even
                   in
                   very
                   dry
                   Soils
                   commonly
                   produce
                   Fine
                   Large
                   Good
                   Figs
                   ;
                   the
                   Roots
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   liberty
                   of
                   extending
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   tho'
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   never
                   so
                   parch'd
                   ,
                   still
                   find
                   wherewithal
                   to
                   perform
                   their
                   Function
                   and
                   Duty
                   :
                   and
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   bottoms
                   of
                   Cases
                   touch
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   commonly
                   some
                   Roots
                   get
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   take
                   into
                   that
                   very
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   multiply
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   live
                   without
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   :
                   But
                   then
                   they
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   other
                   Inconveniencies
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   mention
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   now
                   remains
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   and
                   Pinching
                   or
                   Breaking
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   Practice
                   upon
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Planted
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Cases
                   ;
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Forming
                   of
                   Fine
                   Trees
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   proper
                   to
                   those
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   shoot
                   the
                   Figs
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   in
                   their
                   Season
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   call'd
                   Blossom-Figs
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   or
                   Second-Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   Figs
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   Sap
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   proper
                   to
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   expected
                   that
                   it
                   can
                   be
                   so
                   regular
                   as
                   that
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   likewise
                   in
                   Cases
                   ;
                   neither
                   can
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ,
                   or
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   be
                   expected
                   so
                   perfect
                   as
                   that
                   of
                   Dwarf-Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   Wall-Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   explain'd
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Beauties
                   ,
                   each
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   in
                   Treatises
                   written
                   upon
                   that
                   Subject
                   ,
                   without
                   repeating
                   it
                   here
                   :
                   It
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   
                   Beauty
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   consists
                   chiefly
                   in
                   being
                   real
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   any
                   Stem
                   if
                   possible
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   in
                   not
                   Shooting
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   too
                   much
                   Extended
                   ,
                   and
                   open
                   ,
                   with
                   great
                   bare
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   but
                   too
                   common
                   in
                   those
                   Trees
                   ,
                   unless
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   Care
                   be
                   taken
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   great
                   necessity
                   of
                   saying
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   Trim
                   or
                   
                     Pluck
                     off
                  
                   all
                   the
                   Dead
                   Wood
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   ground
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   no
                   body
                   being
                   ignorant
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   Those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   having
                   very
                   Pithy
                   or
                   
                     Sappy
                     Branches
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   spoyl'd
                   ,
                   tho'
                   the
                   Cold
                   be
                   never
                   so
                   moderate
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   often
                   Experienc'd
                   it
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   of
                   1675.
                   in
                   which
                   there
                   was
                   not
                   half
                   an
                   inch
                   of
                   Ice
                   in
                   any
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   a
                   considerable
                   number
                   of
                   
                     Fig-Tree
                     Branches
                  
                   perish'd
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   absence
                   of
                   heat
                   alone
                   was
                   capable
                   to
                   destroy
                   them
                   ;
                   consequently
                   ,
                   a
                   far
                   greater
                   quantity
                   must
                   perish
                   in
                   long
                   hard
                   Winters
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   had
                   in
                   1670
                   ,
                   and
                   1676.
                   in
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Frost
                   was
                   so
                   terrible
                   ,
                   and
                   our
                   Gard'ners
                   suffer'd
                   so
                   much
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   forc'd
                   almost
                   in
                   all
                   parts
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   the
                   thickest
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   very
                   Foot
                   ,
                   altho'
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   pretty
                   well
                   cover'd
                   either
                   with
                   Straw
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   Dung
                   ;
                   even
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   very
                   Snow
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Soveraign
                   Remedy
                   for
                   the
                   Preservation
                   of
                   many
                   young
                   Tender
                   Plants
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Pease
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Lettuce
                   ,
                   &c.
                   could
                   not
                   avail
                   for
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   those
                   Well-belov'd
                   unfortunate
                   Fig-Trees
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   rather
                   Contributed
                   to
                   their
                   destruction
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   tho'
                   pretty
                   Careful
                   ,
                   have
                   (
                   notwithstanding
                   their
                   Care
                   )
                   had
                   the
                   Ill
                   luck
                   to
                   see
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Fig-Trees
                   Perish
                   ,
                   when
                   no
                   body
                   could
                   impute
                   the
                   least
                   fault
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Walls
                   where
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   were
                   Planted
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   thick
                   enough
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   rigour
                   of
                   the
                   Frost
                   from
                   penetrating
                   through
                   them
                   ;
                   happy
                   are
                   those
                   whose
                   Fig-Trees
                   are
                   Planted
                   against
                   good
                   Buildings
                   ,
                   particularly
                   ,
                   near
                   Chimneys
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   actually
                   us'd
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   against
                   Walls
                   about
                   two
                   foot
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   expos'd
                   :
                   Happy
                   likewise
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   them
                   in
                   dry
                   Elevated
                   Situations
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Ground
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Consequently
                   ,
                   unhappy
                   all
                   those
                   ,
                   who
                   having
                   none
                   of
                   these
                   advantages
                   ,
                   are
                   expos'd
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   's
                   pernicious
                   for
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   thin
                   Walls
                   to
                   their
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   a
                   Cold
                   and
                   Moist
                   Soil
                   ,
                   wanting
                   both
                   a
                   favourable
                   Climate
                   ,
                   and
                   Situation
                   .
                
                 
                   Since
                   then
                   Fig-Trees
                   are
                   as
                   difficult
                   in
                   the
                   preservation
                   ,
                   as
                   their
                   Fruit
                   is
                   Precious
                   ;
                   let
                   us
                   give
                   an
                   exact
                   Summary
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   think
                   most
                   proper
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   endeavour
                   the
                   defending
                   of
                   them
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   possible
                   ,
                   from
                   what
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   destroying
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Inconveniencies
                   wherewith
                   they
                   are
                   threaten'd
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   hinder
                   me
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Choice
                   and
                   Proportion
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   from
                   advising
                   every
                   body
                   to
                   Plant
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   in
                   the
                   main
                   Ground
                   ,
                   having
                   somewhat
                   of
                   the
                   Situation
                   that
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   tho
                   wanting
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Conditions
                   that
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   for
                   ,
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Great
                   Winters
                   do
                   not
                   happen
                   so
                   often
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   discourage
                   us
                   for
                   ever
                   from
                   having
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   produce
                   such
                   an
                   Excellent
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   most
                   material
                   thing
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   for
                   the
                   Culture
                   ,
                   is
                   first
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   and
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   their
                   Branches
                   some
                   liberty
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   growing
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   easily
                   upon
                   them
                   :
                   They
                   must
                   neither
                   be
                   Constrain'd
                   ,
                   nor
                   Pallisado'd
                   ,
                   or
                   tack'd
                   like
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   other
                   Wall-Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   uphold
                   them
                   before
                   with
                   some
                   Pearches
                   barely
                   plac'd
                   upon
                   great
                   Hooks
                   driven
                   into
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   three
                   foot
                   distance
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   beginning
                   from
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   Row
                   within
                   a
                   foot
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   Checker-wise
                   :
                   Those
                   Hooks
                   must
                   be
                   four
                   Inches
                   into
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   and
                   about
                   eight
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   made
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   ,
                   every
                   Year
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   are
                   fallen
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Winter
                   draws
                   nigh
                   ,
                   whatever
                   that
                   Winter
                   may
                   prove
                   ;
                   for
                   we
                   must
                   always
                   〈◊〉
                   its
                   being
                   Violent
                   ,
                   which
                   dread
                   ought
                   to
                   produce
                   good
                   effects
                   in
                   us
                   ;
                   every
                   year
                   ,
                   I
                   〈◊〉
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   constrain
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   we
                   〈◊〉
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   either
                   with
                   Nails
                   and
                   List
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   with
                   Osirs
                   ,
                   Poles
                   ,
                   and
                   Pearches
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   neither
                   break
                   ,
                   nor
                   crack
                   ;
                   after
                   which
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   apply'd
                   to
                   them
                   a
                   〈◊〉
                   made
                   of
                   Straw
                   ,
                   about
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Inches
                   in
                   thickness
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   bare
                   Straw
                   in
                   the
                   〈◊〉
                   of
                   those
                   Frames
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   Long
                   Dung
                   ,
                   about
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Inches
                   ;
                   all
                   〈◊〉
                   being
                   well
                   prop'd
                   with
                   Pearches
                   ,
                   most
                   broadwise
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   crosswise
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   that
                   
                   no
                   part
                   may
                   remain
                   bare
                   ,
                   and
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   weather
                   .
                   Besides
                   all
                   which
                   ,
                   another
                   parcel
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   long
                   Dung
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   ready
                   near
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   double
                   the
                   Coverings
                   if
                   need
                   be
                   ,
                   one
                   single
                   Night
                   being
                   sufficient
                   to
                   ruine
                   all
                   .
                   North
                   East
                   Winds
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   had
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   1676.
                   and
                   the
                   South
                   Winds
                   ,
                   like
                   unto
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   1670.
                   are
                   likewise
                   sometimes
                   Mortal
                   for
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   more
                   than
                   full
                   North
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   a
                   guard
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   equally
                   against
                   them
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   Whenever
                   then
                   any
                   body
                   designs
                   to
                   have
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   prepar'd
                   to
                   take
                   all
                   the
                   Care
                   we
                   have
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   as
                   necessary
                   for
                   their
                   Preservation
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   some
                   prove
                   so
                   unfortunate
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   succeed
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   doubt
                   will
                   happen
                   but
                   seldom
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Walls
                   they
                   stand
                   against
                   ,
                   are
                   condition'd
                   as
                   aforesaid
                   :
                   Although
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   this
                   should
                   happen
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   it
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   trouble
                   one
                   ,
                   since
                   nothing
                   has
                   been
                   wanting
                   that
                   lay
                   in
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   Man.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Winter
                   being
                   past
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   March
                   almost
                   quite
                   spent
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   stand
                   against
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   only
                   half
                   their
                   Covering
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   especially
                   that
                   part
                   the
                   Winter
                   may
                   have
                   spoyl'd
                   or
                   rotten
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   the
                   Branches
                   still
                   fix'd
                   thus
                   to
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   always
                   half
                   cover'd
                   ,
                   without
                   altering
                   any
                   thing
                   about
                   them
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Full
                   Moon
                   of
                   April
                   ;
                   provided
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Full
                   Moon
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   in
                   the
                   Passion-Week
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   threaten
                   some
                   Frost
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   often
                   does
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   not
                   fail
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   signal
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   redouble
                   the
                   Coverings
                   immediately
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   leave
                   them
                   until
                   the
                   Weather
                   appear
                   more
                   certain
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Figs
                   are
                   grown
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   a
                   Large
                   Pea
                   ;
                   which
                   in
                   our
                   Climates
                   seldom
                   happens
                   until
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   main
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Colds
                   seldom
                   leave
                   us
                   'till
                   then
                   :
                   At
                   which
                   time
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   put
                   some
                   small
                   Branches
                   ,
                   heretofore
                   ty'd
                   and
                   constrain'd
                   ,
                   at
                   liberty
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   likewise
                   said
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   propping
                   them
                   with
                   Pearches
                   crosswise
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   falling
                   too
                   much
                   forward
                   :
                   This
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   sufficient
                   stay
                   ,
                   those
                   Pearches
                   put
                   upon
                   Hooks
                   supporting
                   the
                   Branches
                   very
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   hindering
                   them
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   from
                   falling
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   from
                   breaking
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   ruffled
                   by
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   thereby
                   preserv'd
                   sound
                   and
                   intire
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   farther
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   Large
                   Sheets
                   are
                   proper
                   enough
                   to
                   cover
                   (
                   during
                   dangerous
                   or
                   suspected
                   Nights
                   )
                   Fig-Trees
                   being
                   near
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   either
                   Planted
                   there
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Cases
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   fasten'd
                   to
                   the
                   Pearches
                   ,
                   like
                   Sails
                   to
                   Masts
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   put
                   other
                   long
                   Perches
                   almost
                   straight
                   over
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Sheets
                   being
                   agitated
                   by
                   the
                   Winds
                   ,
                   from
                   touching
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   the
                   rubbing
                   of
                   the
                   Sheets
                   against
                   them
                   never
                   failing
                   to
                   spoyl
                   them
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   likewise
                   be
                   convenient
                   to
                   tie
                   those
                   Sheets
                   near
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   some
                   Hooks
                   that
                   may
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   such
                   Agitations
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   Material
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   for
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   is
                   early
                   to
                   remove
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Suckers
                   or
                   Layers
                   they
                   shoot
                   from
                   their
                   Foot
                   ,
                   without
                   preserving
                   any
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   some
                   that
                   may
                   appear
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   use
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   dead
                   ,
                   or
                   dying
                   :
                   Besides
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   will
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   those
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   or
                   Layers
                   ,
                   Planting
                   them
                   in
                   some
                   Trench
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   for
                   it
                   near
                   some
                   good
                   Wall
                   ;
                   and
                   whether
                   there
                   ,
                   or
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   great
                   Cold
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   spoil
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   less
                   necessary
                   to
                   hinder
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   from
                   raising
                   soon
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   heighth
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   to
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   fathom
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   keeping
                   them
                   always
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   heighth
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   consequently
                   always
                   remain
                   full
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   easie
                   to
                   cover
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   time
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   high
                   :
                   Therefore
                   from
                   year
                   to
                   year
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Branches
                   must
                   seldom
                   be
                   allow'd
                   more
                   than
                   a
                   Foot
                   ,
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   Foot
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   Pruning
                   they
                   require
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   clear'd
                   them
                   from
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   dead
                   Wood.
                   
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   break
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Extremety
                   of
                   every
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   chance
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   above
                   a
                   Foot
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Winter
                   has
                   not
                   already
                   spoil'd
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   commonly
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   only
                   been
                   finish'd
                   a
                   great
                   way
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   but
                   seldom
                   happens
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   perfected
                   betimes
                   ;
                   however
                   ,
                   that
                   end
                   which
                   appears
                   black
                   ,
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   and
                   dead
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   neatly
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Method
                   of
                   Pinching
                   or
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   serves
                   to
                   make
                   several
                   New
                   Branches
                   grow
                   forked
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   shooting
                   single
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   regularity
                   would
                   have
                   grown
                   straight
                   ,
                   that
                   end
                   being
                   indeed
                   a
                   real
                   beginning
                   of
                   a
                   Branch
                   :
                   This
                   breaking
                   then
                   promises
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   of
                   Figs
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   for
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   from
                   the
                   Navel
                   of
                   every
                   Leaf
                   a
                   Fig
                   will
                   infallibly
                   grow
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   two
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   for
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   Seasons
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Breaking
                   ,
                   or
                   small
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   Bud
                   ,
                   which
                   appears
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   serves
                   besides
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   seems
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Figs
                   shoot
                   out
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   Ripen
                   them
                   
                   sooner
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   come
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   are
                   always
                   the
                   first
                   Ripe
                   upon
                   that
                   Tree
                   ;
                   It
                   serves
                   likewise
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   grow
                   the
                   larger
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   Sap
                   being
                   thus
                   hinder'd
                   from
                   rising
                   as
                   quick
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   have
                   done
                   without
                   this
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   slips
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   into
                   the
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   serves
                   to
                   nourish
                   them
                   better
                   than
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   been
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   Operation
                   which
                   we
                   perform
                   in
                   Breaking
                   or
                   Cutting
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   April
                   ,
                   the
                   ends
                   of
                   the
                   Shoots
                   of
                   the
                   preceding
                   year
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   moderately
                   long
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   slender
                   ones
                   must
                   be
                   almost
                   taken
                   away
                   quite
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   very
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   long
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   declar'd
                   how
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   :
                   The
                   same
                   Operation
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   shot
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   likewise
                   in
                   Order
                   to
                   multiply
                   that
                   very
                   Summer
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   grow
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   multiply
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   of
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ;
                   for
                   many
                   Figs
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   expected
                   in
                   either
                   Season
                   ,
                   unless
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   Pinching
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   good
                   new
                   Branches
                   be
                   prepar'd
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   infallibly
                   ,
                   when
                   People
                   are
                   careful
                   of
                   Pinching
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   this
                   very
                   Operation
                   produces
                   yet
                   a
                   wonderful
                   effect
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Tree
                   from
                   mounting
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   having
                   Branches
                   that
                   may
                   prove
                   too
                   thick
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   bare
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   preceeding
                   year
                   some
                   thick
                   Branches
                   have
                   been
                   allow'd
                   a
                   pretty
                   length
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   their
                   time
                   have
                   been
                   good
                   and
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   give
                   cause
                   to
                   fear
                   the
                   inconvenience
                   of
                   Thinness
                   ,
                   or
                   Barrenness
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   and
                   May
                   ,
                   especially
                   having
                   no
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   very
                   low
                   ,
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   old
                   Wood
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   new
                   Branches
                   may
                   proceed
                   from
                   that
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   is
                   no
                   more
                   infallible
                   here
                   ,
                   than
                   upon
                   the
                   old
                   Branches
                   of
                   shorten'd
                   Peach-Trees
                   :
                   However
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   serve
                   at
                   least
                   not
                   to
                   leave
                   any
                   thing
                   with
                   too
                   much
                   length
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   cause
                   an
                   Emptiness
                   ,
                   or
                   Barrenness
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   the
                   Sap
                   will
                   perform
                   its
                   effect
                   upon
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   also
                   upon
                   the
                   old
                   one
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   shorten'd
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   that
                   Fig-Trees
                   never
                   shoot
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   the
                   Natural
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   preceeding
                   years
                   growth
                   ,
                   not
                   having
                   been
                   Cut.
                   
                
                 
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   are
                   contrary
                   to
                   all
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   they
                   being
                   liable
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   produce
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   slender
                   ones
                   produce
                   it
                   in
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ;
                   therefore
                   as
                   much
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   destroying
                   the
                   slender
                   Branches
                   upon
                   these
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   preserving
                   them
                   upon
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Branches
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   are
                   known
                   here
                   by
                   flat
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   being
                   at
                   a
                   great
                   distance
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   upon
                   Stone
                   and
                   Kernel
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   which
                   Branches
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   somewhat
                   short
                   ,
                   which
                   needs
                   not
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   such
                   which
                   being
                   happily
                   grown
                   on
                   the
                   Extremities
                   of
                   other
                   Branches
                   ,
                   are
                   both
                   very
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   such
                   have
                   thick
                   or
                   large
                   close
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   particularly
                   to
                   be
                   Noted
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   here
                   is
                   a
                   greater
                   Conflict
                   to
                   undergo
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   other
                   Trees
                   ;
                   since
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   often
                   said
                   ,
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   never
                   produce
                   or
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   upon
                   those
                   ,
                   and
                   only
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   :
                   Whereas
                   in
                   Fig-Trees
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   serve
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   Bearing
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   particularly
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   whereof
                   the
                   Chief
                   Beauty
                   consists
                   in
                   remaining
                   low
                   ;
                   it
                   seems
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   at
                   once
                   well
                   form'd
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   full
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   main
                   Point
                   here
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   naturally
                   produce
                   but
                   little
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   whatever
                   Fig-Tree
                   has
                   but
                   little
                   Wood
                   ,
                   can
                   have
                   but
                   little
                   Fruit.
                   In
                   short'ning
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   in
                   prospect
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   we
                   decline
                   the
                   Fruit.
                   The
                   only
                   Medium
                   to
                   be
                   observ'd
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   is
                   always
                   to
                   shorten
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   thickest
                   in
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   either
                   old
                   ,
                   or
                   new
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   venturing
                   to
                   leave
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   long
                   ,
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Fruit
                   that
                   appears
                   upon
                   them
                   :
                   In
                   case
                   any
                   Misfortune
                   be
                   befal'n
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   any
                   be
                   desirous
                   to
                   shorten
                   also
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   left
                   long
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   so
                   doing
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   Figs
                   will
                   receive
                   so
                   much
                   diminution
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   amends
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   for
                   the
                   next
                   year
                   will
                   be
                   augmented
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   new
                   Branches
                   that
                   shall
                   shoot
                   from
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   come
                   out
                   soon
                   enough
                   to
                   produce
                   Autumn
                   Figs
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   time
                   enough
                   for
                   the
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   hot
                   Soils
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Figs
                   come
                   out
                   before
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Trees
                   begin
                   to
                   make
                   new
                   Shoots
                   before
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   Fruit
                   Ripens
                   before
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   September
                   :
                   But
                   in
                   Cold
                   Soils
                   ,
                   like
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   the
                   Figs
                   do
                   not
                   come
                   out
                   till
                   about
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Shoots
                   do
                   not
                   begin
                   to
                   appear
                   neither
                   ,
                   until
                   towards
                   the
                   
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Shoots
                   do
                   not
                   begin
                   to
                   appear
                   neither
                   ,
                   until
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   Fruits
                   do
                   not
                   ripen
                   there
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   middle
                   or
                   end
                   of
                   July
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   latter
                   end
                   of
                   September
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   every
                   Eye
                   ,
                   or
                   Bud
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   in
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   remain
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   preceding
                   Year
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   certainly
                   expect
                   a
                   Fig
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   two
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   must
                   never
                   have
                   above
                   one
                   which
                   may
                   come
                   to
                   good
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Season
                   be
                   favourable
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   moreover
                   ,
                   every
                   Eye
                   may
                   produce
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   does
                   not
                   always
                   happen
                   ,
                   it
                   depending
                   from
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   the
                   Mother
                   -
                   Branch
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   short
                   Pruning
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   it
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   every
                   good
                   Branch
                   commonly
                   produces
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Figs
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   grown
                   longer
                   ,
                   by
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ;
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   June
                   ;
                   or
                   from
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ;
                   it
                   seldom
                   produces
                   any
                   more
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   Figs
                   never
                   grow
                   twice
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Eye
                   ,
                   or
                   Bud
                   ;
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   produc'd
                   any
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   ripen
                   ,
                   or
                   no
                   ,
                   producing
                   no
                   others
                   the
                   next
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   More
                   Preparations
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   grow
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   second
                   ;
                   there
                   being
                   constantly
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   of
                   these
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   sound
                   Fig-Trees
                   commonly
                   shoot
                   many
                   fine
                   Sprigs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   every
                   Leaf
                   form'd
                   before
                   Midsummer
                   ,
                   generally
                   owes
                   a
                   Fig
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   Autumn
                   of
                   that
                   very
                   Year
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   ;
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   Summer
                   of
                   the
                   following
                   Year
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Fig
                   has
                   not
                   appear'd
                   in
                   Autumn
                   .
                   This
                   being
                   so
                   ,
                   it
                   happens
                   almost
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   abundance
                   of
                   those
                   Figs
                   for
                   Autumn
                   do
                   appear
                   ,
                   which
                   grow
                   in
                   vain
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   they
                   seldom
                   ripen
                   ;
                   the
                   cold
                   Rains
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   frequent
                   and
                   common
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   white
                   Frosts
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   killing
                   them
                   almost
                   all
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   making
                   them
                   burst
                   ,
                   and
                   open
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   fall
                   ,
                   or
                   drop
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   hindring
                   them
                   from
                   growing
                   to
                   Maturity
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   these
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   expected
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   Green
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   fix'd
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   Renewing
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   should
                   bring
                   them
                   to
                   any
                   Perfection
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   drop
                   ,
                   without
                   coming
                   to
                   any
                   thing
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   Figs
                   we
                   call
                   Figs
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Sap
                   ,
                   or
                   Midsummer
                   -
                   Figs
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   only
                   grow
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   Shoots
                   and
                   
                     Leaves
                     ,
                     shot
                  
                   from
                   Midsummer
                   ,
                   till
                   towards
                   Autumn
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   often
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   produce
                   but
                   few
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   regularly
                   short
                   ,
                   having
                   but
                   little
                   Vigour
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   being
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   nourish
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   it
                   follows
                   consequently
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   produce
                   but
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   for
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   the
                   weak
                   Branches
                   neither
                   being
                   capable
                   to
                   bear
                   any
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   nor
                   when
                   they
                   do
                   bear
                   them
                   ,
                   of
                   preserving
                   them
                   against
                   the
                   Cold
                   of
                   the
                   Season
                   ;
                   wherefore
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   have
                   very
                   particular
                   Regards
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   produce
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   after
                   Midsummer
                   ,
                   which
                   depends
                   upon
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Foot
                   ;
                   and
                   more
                   particularly
                   on
                   the
                   Assistance
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   afford
                   it
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   that
                   Condition
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   some
                   Branches
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   being
                   somewhat
                   weak
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Remainder
                   may
                   be
                   the
                   better
                   nourish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Figs
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   can
                   grow
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   may
                   grow
                   the
                   finer
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   ,
                   upon
                   condition
                   that
                   if
                   any
                   other
                   weak
                   Branches
                   should
                   shoot
                   from
                   those
                   ,
                   they
                   shall
                   all
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   none
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   perhaps
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   which
                   thereby
                   may
                   grow
                   to
                   a
                   reasonable
                   thickness
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   Care
                   that
                   is
                   taken
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Cases
                   ,
                   just
                   after
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   placing
                   them
                   in
                   good
                   Situations
                   ,
                   ought
                   likewise
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   also
                   in
                   proper
                   Situations
                   at
                   the
                   Coming
                   in
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   the
                   Figs
                   of
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   receive
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   the
                   little
                   Heat
                   the
                   Sun
                   affords
                   us
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   .
                   But
                   then
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   must
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   get
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   there
                   being
                   a
                   necessity
                   of
                   pulling
                   them
                   out
                   ,
                   in
                   transporting
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   Tree
                   and
                   Fruit
                   would
                   suffer
                   considerably
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   needs
                   create
                   a
                   Subject
                   of
                   Trouble
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   then
                   ,
                   the
                   only
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   has
                   touch'd
                   the
                   Ground
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   the
                   Fig-Tree
                   having
                   extreamly
                   multiply'd
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Trees
                   being
                   really
                   the
                   better
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   such
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   though
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   it
                   rots
                   the
                   Cases
                   the
                   sooner
                   ;
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Cases
                   having
                   thus
                   touch'd
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   put
                   in
                   the
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   to
                   cut
                   all
                   those
                   Roots
                   well
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   at
                   the
                   Taking
                   them
                   out
                   again
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   carry'd
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   remain
                   all
                   the
                   Summer
                   ;
                   for
                   whatever
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   has
                   been
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   absolutely
                   spoils
                   :
                   But
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   taken
                   off
                   what
                   is
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   those
                   very
                   Cases
                   ,
                   being
                   again
                   put
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   the
                   Roots
                   will
                   multiply
                   again
                   ,
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   Year
                   before
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   amiss
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   thus
                   some
                   Cases
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   begin
                   to
                   be
                   old
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   have
                   been
                   long
                   Cas'd
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   Whereas
                   the
                   first
                   Figs
                   may
                   always
                   ripen
                   ,
                   whatever
                   Situation
                   they
                   be
                   in
                   ,
                   the
                   Heats
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   being
                   sufficient
                   for
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   induces
                   me
                   to
                   place
                   Fig-Trees
                   willingly
                   into
                   the
                   West
                   Part
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   often
                   likewise
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   I
                   have
                   Figs
                   much
                   longer
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   plac'd
                   in
                   those
                   indifferent
                   Situations
                   ripening
                   after
                   the
                   others
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   almost
                   supply
                   the
                   Interval
                   ,
                   between
                   the
                   First
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Second
                   :
                   In
                   which
                   I
                   advise
                   others
                   to
                   imitate
                   me
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   upon
                   condition
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   expect
                   Autumn
                   -
                   Figs
                   from
                   such
                   Situations
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   Season
                   proves
                   extraordinary
                   fine
                   and
                   dry
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   Fig-Trees
                   have
                   been
                   plac'd
                   in
                   such
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   or
                   Situations
                   ,
                   great
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   yet
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   plac'd
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   Situations
                   .
                
                 
                   Particular
                   Precautions
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   for
                   
                     Fig-Trees
                     Planted
                  
                   in
                   the
                   Ground
                   ;
                   especally
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   under
                   the
                   Spouts
                   of
                   great
                   Coverings
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   threaten
                   them
                   with
                   too
                   much
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   mizling
                   Frost
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   case
                   there
                   be
                   no
                   other
                   place
                   proper
                   to
                   Plant
                   them
                   in
                   ,
                   those
                   Spouts
                   must
                   be
                   turn'd
                   some
                   other
                   way
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   some
                   Wooden
                   or
                   Leaden
                   Gutter
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Method
                   of
                   
                     Pruning
                     Dwarf-Standard
                     Fig-Trees
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   to
                   be
                   added
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Planted
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Cases
                   .
                   The
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   will
                   not
                   produce
                   Figs
                   ,
                   altogether
                   so
                   soon
                   as
                   those
                   Fig-Trees
                   that
                   are
                   well
                   Expos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   later
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   Cases
                   :
                   which
                   being
                   heated
                   by
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   on
                   all
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   Case
                   ,
                   ripen
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   sooner
                   than
                   the
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   sooner
                   than
                   the
                   Espaliers
                   .
                   Those
                   Dwarfs
                   will
                   likewise
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   troublesom
                   for
                   the
                   Coverings
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   dangerous
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   very
                   little
                   ,
                   private
                   places
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   shelter'd
                   from
                   great
                   Frosts
                   :
                   they
                   will
                   likewise
                   be
                   apt
                   to
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Soil
                   ,
                   Endeavours
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   keep
                   them
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   hinder
                   them
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   from
                   producing
                   great
                   Shoots
                   :
                   For
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   Pinch
                   them
                   carefully
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   always
                   some
                   thick
                   
                     Branches
                     ,
                     Prun'd
                  
                   low
                   ;
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   to
                   clear
                   and
                   free
                   them
                   often
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   from
                   so
                   many
                   old
                   worn
                   out
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   all
                   new
                   Suckers
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   that
                   End
                   ,
                   such
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   kept
                   at
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   distance
                   from
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   lay
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Branches
                   yearly
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   thereby
                   to
                   ease
                   the
                   whole
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   suffering
                   it
                   to
                   grow
                   in
                   breadth
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   it
                   pleases
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   their
                   Coverings
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   first
                   to
                   assemble
                   and
                   close
                   their
                   Branches
                   together
                   with
                   Oziers
                   ,
                   and
                   Poles
                   ,
                   fix'd
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   form
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Bowl
                   ,
                   or
                   Pyramid
                   ;
                   closing
                   it
                   afterwards
                   with
                   long
                   ,
                   dry
                   Dung
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   done
                   to
                   Fig-Trees
                   in
                   Espaliers
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   they
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   uncover'd
                   quite
                   ,
                   altogether
                   so
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   shelter'd
                   by
                   a
                   Wall
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Coverings
                   must
                   ,
                   by
                   all
                   means
                   ,
                   be
                   renew'd
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   explain'd
                   my
                   Method
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   possible
                   I
                   can
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   all
                   kinds
                   of
                   young
                   Trees
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   first
                   Years
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   Planted
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Trimming
                   for
                   the
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   useless
                   Sprigs
                   ,
                   and
                   Pinching
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   may
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   having
                   also
                   explain'd
                   my
                   Method
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   planted
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Ground
                   ,
                   or
                   Cases
                   ;
                   I
                   now
                   proceed
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   Promise
                   ,
                   to
                   explain
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Exactness
                   ,
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   old
                   Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXVII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Manner
                     of
                     Pruning
                     pretty
                     old
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   SInce
                   Pruning
                   may
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Remedy
                   for
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   really
                   we
                   have
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Rules
                   and
                   Principles
                   thereof
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   render
                   the
                   young
                   Trees
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   more
                   agreeable
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   more
                   Fertile
                   in
                   fine
                   and
                   good
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   than
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   without
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   being
                   now
                   to
                   treat
                   about
                   a
                   proper
                   Remedy
                   for
                   Old
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   my self
                   the
                   better
                   understood
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   suppose
                   two
                   things
                   ;
                   the
                   one
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   their
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   or
                   Weakness
                   :
                   And
                   I
                   am
                   likewise
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   explain
                   this
                   last
                   Part
                   ,
                   before
                   I
                   meddle
                   with
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   this
                   being
                   altogether
                   grounded
                   upon
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   vigorous
                   Trees
                   requiring
                   absolutely
                   to
                   be
                   treated
                   in
                   a
                   different
                   manner
                   from
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   As
                   to
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Vigour
                   or
                   Weakness
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Trees
                   are
                   either
                   very
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   producing
                   abundance
                   of
                   thick
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   or
                   very
                   weak
                   ,
                   hardly
                   producing
                   any
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   most
                   but
                   very
                   small
                   ones
                   ;
                   or
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   neither
                   incline
                   too
                   much
                   to
                   an
                   excess
                   of
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Weakness
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   we
                   may
                   wish
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   :
                   These
                   are
                   absolutely
                   the
                   three
                   different
                   Cases
                   Trees
                   can
                   be
                   in
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   Furious
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   their
                   Figure
                   be
                   already
                   form'd
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   still
                   propose
                   to
                   our selves
                   ,
                   that
                   whenever
                   we
                   go
                   about
                   to
                   Prune
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   great
                   Burthen
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   out-lets
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   Fruit-Branches
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   for
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   perform'd
                   two
                   ways
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   to
                   allow
                   thick
                   Branches
                   preserv'd
                   for
                   the
                   establishing
                   or
                   preserving
                   of
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   ,
                   somewhat
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   length
                   :
                   The
                   second
                   is
                   ,
                   not
                   wholly
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   hardly
                   any
                   of
                   their
                   thick
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   shoot
                   outward
                   ;
                   but
                   after
                   having
                   chosen
                   in
                   each
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   appears
                   the
                   best
                   plac'd
                   to
                   Contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   an
                   intention
                   to
                   shorten
                   it
                   moderately
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   Situation
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   explain
                   elsewhere
                   ;
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   adjacent
                   Branches
                   to
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   shoot
                   outwards
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   Cut
                   slantingly
                   ,
                   within
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   Eyes
                   of
                   the
                   place
                   whence
                   they
                   proceed
                   ;
                   if
                   altogether
                   inward
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   a
                   Crown
                   Piece
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   allowing
                   somewhat
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   length
                   in
                   Praning
                   to
                   a
                   Branch
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   a
                   half
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   Foot
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   I
                   seldom
                   Practice
                   this
                   my self
                   ;
                   but
                   whenever
                   I
                   do
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   always
                   with
                   an
                   intention
                   of
                   reducing
                   that
                   extraordinary
                   length
                   to
                   a
                   more
                   moderate
                   one
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Tree
                   bears
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   understand
                   what
                   is
                   meant
                   by
                   shortning
                   a
                   Thick
                   Branch
                   moderately
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   remember
                   ,
                   that
                   whereas
                   from
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   a
                   thick
                   Branch
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   several
                   other
                   new
                   ones
                   will
                   proceed
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   leave
                   room
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   an
                   empty
                   Place
                   ,
                   where
                   these
                   New
                   Branches
                   may
                   easily
                   lodge
                   themselves
                   ,
                   without
                   causing
                   any
                   Confusion
                   among
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   there
                   already
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   to
                   come
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Point
                   upon
                   which
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   People
                   regulate
                   themselves
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   moderate
                   length
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   such
                   thick
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   ,
                   in
                   Regularity
                   ,
                   a
                   Vigorous
                   Tree
                   must
                   seldom
                   be
                   allow'd
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   in
                   Case
                   of
                   necessity
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Eleven
                   or
                   Twelve
                   ,
                   always
                   remembring
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   said
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   cut
                   shorter
                   ,
                   whenever
                   the
                   Tree
                   shall
                   satisfie
                   us
                   with
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   depends
                   on
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   Prudence
                   to
                   allow
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   length
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   Branch
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Vigour
                   it
                   appears
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fill'd
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   thereof
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Old
                   Trees
                   are
                   very
                   Weak
                   ,
                   commonly
                   the
                   best
                   Expedlent
                   is
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   young
                   ones
                   in
                   their
                   room
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   us'd
                   all
                   the
                   Precaution
                   necessary
                   in
                   such
                   Cases
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   Contrary
                   ,
                   People
                   will
                   preserve
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   resolve
                   to
                   disburthen
                   or
                   clear
                   them
                   extreamly
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   giving
                   them
                   the
                   Figure
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   perhaps
                   they
                   want
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   preserve
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   already
                   acquir'd
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   resolve
                   to
                   leave
                   very
                   few
                   Branches
                   for
                   Wood
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   Prune
                   them
                   all
                   short
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   in
                   length
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   even
                   resolving
                   to
                   leave
                   but
                   very
                   few
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   no
                   useless
                   ones
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   wasted
                   with
                   Air
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   born
                   any
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   wasted
                   by
                   having
                   produc'd
                   much
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   observ'd
                   in
                   sundry
                   Places
                   ,
                   Branches
                   perish
                   in
                   Bearing
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   some
                   Perish
                   sometimes
                   after
                   having
                   born
                   :
                   Therefore
                   those
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   considerably
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   or
                   even
                   taken
                   away
                   quite
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   appear
                   altogether
                   wasted
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   useless
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   Trees
                   are
                   moderate
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   neither
                   to
                   fall
                   into
                   the
                   excess
                   of
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   or
                   Weakness
                   ,
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   bear
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   produce
                   Wood
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   desires
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   themselves
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   those
                   Trees
                   being
                   pretty
                   well
                   shap'd
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   follow
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   Rules
                   heretofore
                   prescrib'd
                   for
                   young
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   we
                   are
                   going
                   to
                   prescribe
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   those
                   Trees
                   are
                   ill
                   Condition'd
                   ,
                   or
                   ill
                   Shap'd
                   ,
                   endeavours
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   order
                   them
                   better
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   will
                   visibly
                   discover
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   first
                   Explain'd
                   what
                   concerns
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Old
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   moreover
                   suppose
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   are
                   either
                   already
                   
                   defective
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   disorder
                   ,
                   or
                   perhaps
                   are
                   upon
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   becoming
                   so
                   :
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   Reflection
                   to
                   be
                   carefully
                   made
                   at
                   first
                   sight
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   whatever
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   ,
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   resolve
                   with
                   more
                   ease
                   upon
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Defects
                   are
                   already
                   happen'd
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   having
                   an
                   agreeable
                   
                   Figure
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   I
                   have
                   heretofore
                   Explain'd
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   an
                   ill
                   disagreeable
                   one
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Part.
                   
                
                 
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   low
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Stem
                     ,
                     A.
                  
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   of
                   being
                   open
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   B.
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   of
                   being
                   round
                   in
                   the
                   Circumference
                   C.
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   third
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   equally
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   many
                   good
                   Branches
                   round
                   about
                   its
                   roundness
                   D.
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Fourth
                   ;
                   it
                   should
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   be
                   too
                   high
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Stem
                     E.
                  
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   Defect
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   full
                   and
                   Confuse
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   F.
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   second
                   ;
                   having
                   one
                   side
                   high
                   ,
                   G.
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   low
                   ,
                   G.
                   or
                   
                   one
                   side
                   flat
                   ,
                   H.
                   or
                   weak
                   ,
                   H.
                   while
                   the
                   other
                   is
                   pretty
                   round
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   full
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   third
                   and
                   fourth
                   Defects
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   whether
                   high
                   in
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   short
                   ,
                   for
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   Rules
                   serve
                   for
                   both
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   furnish'd
                   to
                   the
                   Right
                   ,
                   and
                   Left
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   with
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Place
                   where
                   it
                   begins
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   where
                   it
                   ends
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   equally
                   garnish'd
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   Confusion
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   every
                   Branch
                   might
                   easily
                   be
                   distinguish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   reckon'd
                   (
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Great
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   and
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   of
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   consists
                   )
                   should
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   be
                   quite
                   unprovided
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   shooting
                   altogether
                   upwards
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   reach
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Wall
                   in
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   time
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   less
                   than
                   Eight
                   or
                   Ten
                   ;
                   and
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   altogether
                   Confuse
                   besides
                   ,
                   and
                   intangled
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   other
                   appears
                   thin
                   ,
                   and
                   unfurnish'd
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   grand
                   defects
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   run
                   over
                   all
                   those
                   Defects
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ,
                   beginning
                   by
                   the
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   speak
                   our
                   Opinion
                   precisely
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   Correcting
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   possible
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXVIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Defects
                     of
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     Old
                     Dwarfs
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AS
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   which
                   supposes
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   to
                   be
                   too
                   high
                   in
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   need
                   not
                   trouble
                   us
                   much
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   been
                   Planted
                   long
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   cannot
                   be
                   remedy'd
                   without
                   falling
                   into
                   considerable
                   Inconveniencies
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   wholly
                   to
                   destroy
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   the
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   set
                   it
                   back
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   years
                   from
                   bearing
                   Fruit
                   :
                   The
                   Remedy
                   would
                   be
                   violent
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   it
                   fit
                   to
                   meddle
                   with
                   the
                   Stem
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   tho'
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   that
                   respect
                   defective
                   :
                   In
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   only
                   for
                   Correcting
                   the
                   Defects
                   of
                   the
                   Head.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   the
                   Tree
                   has
                   not
                   been
                   Planted
                   many
                   years
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   ,
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   ,
                   especially
                   the
                   Head
                   being
                   ill
                   begun
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Art
                   ,
                   my
                   Opinion
                   is
                   to
                   shorten
                   it
                   quite
                   ,
                   to
                   reduce
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Rule
                   ,
                   which
                   prescribes
                   it
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   low
                   Stem
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   declar'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Plantations
                   ;
                   which
                   I
                   had
                   rather
                   do
                   ,
                   than
                   expose
                   my self
                   to
                   leave
                   it
                   always
                   with
                   such
                   a
                   Defect
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   offend
                   the
                   sight
                   perpetually
                   :
                   A
                   Tree
                   well
                   Rooted
                   again
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   shorten'd
                   ,
                   soon
                   recovers
                   it self
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   afford
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   Comforted
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   very
                   much
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   having
                   shorten'd
                   it
                   in
                   that
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   second
                   Defect
                   of
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   its
                   being
                   confus'd
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ;
                   when
                   I
                   meet
                   with
                   a
                   Tree
                   thus
                   confus'd
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   not
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   I
                   commonly
                   look
                   upon
                   it
                   as
                   I
                   would
                   do
                   upon
                   a
                   Great
                   Lord
                   ,
                   who
                   really
                   has
                   a
                   great
                   Estate
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   is
                   not
                   easie
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Incumbrances
                   that
                   lye
                   upon
                   it
                   :
                   The
                   Selling
                   of
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   Estate
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   a
                   Place
                   ,
                   might
                   be
                   capable
                   to
                   clear
                   his
                   Debts
                   ;
                   whereas
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   see
                   a
                   Tree
                   well
                   shap'd
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   dispos'd
                   ,
                   I
                   fancy
                   I
                   see
                   another
                   Man
                   ,
                   who
                   by
                   the
                   wise
                   Management
                   of
                   a
                   Moderate
                   Estate
                   ,
                   wants
                   for
                   nothing
                   ,
                   and
                   lives
                   at
                   ease
                   and
                   quiet
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   Correcting
                   that
                   second
                   Defect
                   intirely
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   afford
                   the
                   Tree
                   the
                   Beauty
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   facilitate
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   making
                   it
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   rather
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Remedy
                   is
                   easie
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Success
                   speedy
                   ,
                   certain
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   danger
                   .
                
                 
                 
                 
                   And
                   so
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   no
                   fear
                   of
                   the
                   growing
                   of
                   any
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Suckers
                   there
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   any
                   new
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   certainly
                   happen
                   ,
                   if
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   those
                   thick
                   Branches
                   had
                   been
                   cut
                   from
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   over
                   some
                   weak
                   small
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   incapable
                   of
                   receiving
                   in
                   their
                   small
                   Mouth
                   all
                   the
                   Sap
                   which
                   us'd
                   to
                   enter
                   into
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   retrench'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   ,
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   thick
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   had
                   been
                   left
                   ,
                   whereas
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   wholly
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   would
                   make
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Stump
                   there
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Sap
                   returning
                   still
                   from
                   the
                   Foot
                   with
                   its
                   usual
                   abundance
                   ,
                   and
                   returning
                   through
                   the
                   same
                   Channel
                   it
                   was
                   us'd
                   to
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   and
                   finding
                   no
                   Overture
                   large
                   enough
                   to
                   receive
                   it
                   ;
                   or
                   perhaps
                   finding
                   none
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   this
                   Sap
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   bursts
                   of
                   necessity
                   round
                   about
                   that
                   small
                   Branch
                   ,
                   over
                   which
                   the
                   thick
                   one
                   was
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   round
                   about
                   that
                   Stump
                   ,
                   or
                   those
                   Stumps
                   which
                   were
                   left
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   bursting
                   ,
                   makes
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   new
                   Branches
                   in
                   that
                   middle
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   forms
                   there
                   the
                   same
                   defect
                   we
                   endeavour'd
                   to
                   Correct
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   shown
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   that
                   on
                   such
                   Occasions
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   sometimes
                   some
                   Master-stroaks
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   for
                   a
                   certain
                   time
                   a
                   thick
                   Branch
                   over
                   another
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Fountains
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   someties
                   vented
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   Winds
                   might
                   hinder
                   the
                   Water
                   from
                   performing
                   its
                   Function
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   Sap
                   may
                   be
                   wasted
                   into
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   thick
                   useless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   otherwise
                   would
                   ruine
                   some
                   dispositions
                   for
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   ready
                   form'd
                   ,
                   or
                   others
                   which
                   might
                   form
                   themselves
                   :
                   But
                   after
                   the
                   Tree
                   seems
                   to
                   perform
                   its
                   duty
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   without
                   any
                   scruple
                   wholly
                   take
                   away
                   such
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   for
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   only
                   been
                   left
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   to
                   waste
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   an
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   which
                   would
                   have
                   been
                   troublesom
                   to
                   us
                   :
                   Besides
                   ,
                   the
                   Overture
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   being
                   made
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   some
                   thick
                   Branches
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   :
                   It
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   next
                   to
                   examine
                   the
                   remaining
                   Branches
                   ,
                   whether
                   good
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   grown
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   Order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   or
                   bad
                   ,
                   being
                   grown
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   said
                   Order
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   Branches
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   preserve
                   as
                   many
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   useful
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   assigning
                   to
                   each
                   the
                   length
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   proper
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   thereby
                   to
                   ruine
                   the
                   Ill
                   ones
                   ,
                   all
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   requires
                   it
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   we
                   shall
                   have
                   form'd
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   part
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   happen
                   when
                   some
                   thick
                   one
                   chances
                   to
                   be
                   sufficiently
                   well
                   plac'd
                   to
                   contribute
                   to
                   that
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   it
                   would
                   prove
                   imperfect
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   third
                   defect
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   roundness
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   easily
                   remedy'd
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   foregoing
                   ;
                   it
                   proceeds
                   from
                   that
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Dwarf
                   was
                   first
                   form'd
                   ,
                   Care
                   was
                   not
                   taken
                   to
                   order
                   the
                   Matter
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Head
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   might
                   at
                   least
                   be
                   compos'd
                   of
                   two
                   Branches
                   ,
                   partly
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   strength
                   ,
                   or
                   thickness
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   divided
                   ,
                   or
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   in
                   an
                   Equilibrium
                   ,
                   (
                   when
                   there
                   happen
                   to
                   be
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   the
                   thing
                   is
                   yet
                   easier
                   .
                   )
                
                 
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   two
                   may
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   afterwards
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   will
                   shoot
                   others
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   it
                   upon
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   which
                   others
                   being
                   likewise
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   will
                   in
                   their
                   turn
                   likewise
                   shoot
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   ,
                   from
                   year
                   to
                   year
                   ,
                   
                     ad
                     infinitum
                  
                   ,
                   still
                   performing
                   a
                   new
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   good
                   new
                   Branches
                   will
                   still
                   form
                   themselves
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   contribute
                   to
                   form
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   preserve
                   in
                   our
                   Trees
                   that
                   agreeable
                   roundness
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Fruit
                   we
                   desire
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   defect
                   in
                   the
                   roundness
                   ,
                   probably
                   proceeds
                   then
                   from
                   that
                   the
                   Tree
                   when
                   it
                   was
                   first
                   Planted
                   ,
                   having
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   only
                   produc'd
                   one
                   thick
                   Branch
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   weak
                   one
                   on
                   the
                   opposite
                   side
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Figure
                   ;
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   instead
                   of
                   looking
                   at
                   first
                   on
                   that
                   thick
                   Branch
                   as
                   the
                   only
                   one
                   ,
                   capable
                   of
                   forming
                   a
                   sine
                   Head
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Method
                   I
                   have
                   prescrib'd
                   for
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   newly
                   Planted
                   ;
                   instead
                   of
                   that
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   has
                   indifferently
                   cut
                   both
                   this
                   thick
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   this
                   other
                   small
                   one
                   ,
                   leaving
                   them
                   perhaps
                   each
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   length
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Prospect
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   hold
                   necessary
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   still
                   continuing
                   its
                   first
                   road
                   ,
                   which
                   inclines
                   it
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   thick
                   Branch
                   ,
                   still
                   produces
                   many
                   new
                   fine
                   ones
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   whereas
                   there
                   enters
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   inconsiderable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Sap
                   in
                   the
                   small
                   Neighbouring
                   Branch
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   grew
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   the
                   thick
                   one
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   produces
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   small
                   number
                   of
                   small
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   perish
                   soon
                   
                   after
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   born
                   a
                   little
                   Fruit
                   :
                   Thus
                   one
                   side
                   grows
                   still
                   in
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   being
                   extreamly
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   other
                   remains
                   weak
                   ,
                   languishing
                   ,
                   and
                   thin
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Tree
                   being
                   only
                   well
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   makes
                   a
                   very
                   ugly
                   Figure
                   ,
                   half
                   flat
                   ,
                   and
                   half
                   round
                   ,
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   answering
                   the
                   Figure
                   that
                   is
                   requir'd
                   in
                   a
                   Tree
                   to
                   be
                   perfect
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   sight
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   thence
                   it
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   judge
                   that
                   this
                   defect
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   roundness
                   is
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   
                   difficult
                   to
                   Correct
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   be
                   Corrected
                   in
                   few
                   years
                   ;
                   however
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Gardner
                   takes
                   Care
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   easily
                   may
                   ,
                   to
                   order
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   yearly
                   the
                   thick
                   Branch
                   he
                   Prunes
                   may
                   produce
                   some
                   other
                   likewise
                   thick
                   ,
                   shooting
                   towards
                   the
                   side
                   that
                   wants
                   filling
                   ,
                   furnishing
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   made
                   round
                   ;
                   he
                   may
                   in
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   attain
                   to
                   that
                   round
                   Figure
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   understand
                   how
                   this
                   may
                   be
                   perform'd
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Cate
                   and
                   Forecast
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   remember
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   every
                   Branch
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   shoot
                   some
                   new
                   ones
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   length
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   allow'd
                   to
                   it
                   :
                   A
                   thick
                   ,
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   short
                   one
                   producing
                   commonly
                   a
                   greater
                   quantity
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   finer
                   than
                   either
                   the
                   thick
                   and
                   strong
                   one
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   left
                   long
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   weak
                   one
                   ,
                   whatever
                   way
                   it
                   was
                   Prun'd
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   possible
                   to
                   Prune
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   from
                   year
                   to
                   year
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   the
                   thick
                   new
                   Branches
                   (
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   come
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   to
                   grow
                   out
                   of
                   those
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   that
                   are
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Old
                   one
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   )
                   there
                   may
                   always
                   be
                   some
                   Principal
                   one
                   ,
                   shooting
                   toward
                   the
                   defective
                   side
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Prun'd
                   also
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   regards
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   this
                   defect
                   diminishing
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   roundness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   wanting
                   in
                   the
                   Figure
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   insensibly
                   Introduc'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   Correcting
                   the
                   third
                   Defect
                   of
                   this
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   the
                   fourth
                   is
                   Corrected
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   in
                   not
                   being
                   equally
                   furnish'd
                   round
                   about
                   its
                   Circumference
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   this
                   Dwarf
                   in
                   losing
                   the
                   Defect
                   it
                   had
                   in
                   wanting
                   of
                   roundness
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   acquires
                   the
                   fourth
                   Perfection
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   it
                   becomes
                   as
                   full
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXXIX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Defects
                     of
                     Pruning
                     ,
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     Old
                     Wall-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WE
                   must
                   impute
                   the
                   Defects
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Canse
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   failure
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   years
                   against
                   the
                   same
                   Principles
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   been
                   transgress'd
                   in
                   the
                   forming
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   now
                   been
                   Corrected
                   by
                   us
                   :
                   That
                   which
                   hinder'd
                   the
                   roundness
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   is
                   absolutely
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   with
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   hinder'd
                   the
                   Establishing
                   of
                   that
                   equality
                   of
                   strength
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   cannot
                   be
                   equally
                   furnish'd
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   Wall-Tree
                   must
                   have
                   produc'd
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   ,
                   some
                   Branches
                   equally
                   strong
                   ,
                   opposite
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   it
                   has
                   shot
                   but
                   one
                   strong
                   one
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   must
                   be
                   founded
                   alone
                   upon
                   that
                   ,
                   without
                   trusting
                   to
                   the
                   weak
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   grown
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   but
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   their
                   Death
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   single
                   thick
                   one
                   ,
                   being
                   at
                   the
                   Spring
                   Prun'd
                   somewhat
                   short
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   within
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Inches
                   ,
                   seldom
                   fails
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   of
                   Producing
                   that
                   very
                   year
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   small
                   ones
                   ;
                   which
                   two
                   thick
                   ones
                   will
                   be
                   partly
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   oppos'd
                   to
                   each
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   having
                   a
                   side
                   to
                   fill
                   ,
                   will
                   perform
                   it
                   well
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   still
                   remains
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   let
                   either
                   slip
                   up
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   fully
                   explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   our
                   young
                   Wall-Trees
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   this
                   Wall-Fruit-Tree
                   is
                   commonly
                   only
                   defective
                   by
                   the
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   want
                   of
                   Skill
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   being
                   intrusted
                   with
                   the
                   Conduct
                   thereof
                   ,
                   has
                   not
                   had
                   all
                   the
                   Regards
                   we
                   have
                   explain'd
                   in
                   this
                   Treatise
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   thick
                   Branches
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   ,
                   whereas
                   he
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   deficient
                   for
                   many
                   years
                   together
                   in
                   those
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   against
                   the
                   good
                   Principles
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   repair
                   the
                   Defects
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   as
                   many
                   Inconveniencies
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   demonstrated
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   repairing
                   of
                   those
                   of
                   a
                   Dwarf
                   ,
                   being
                   shot
                   too
                   high
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   not
                   too
                   Old
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   short'ning
                   the
                   thick
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   shot
                   up
                   within
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Kernel
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   Stone
                   -
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   those
                   thick
                   Branches
                   being
                   short'ned
                   ,
                   will
                   produce
                   new
                   ones
                   on
                   their
                   Extremities
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   begin
                   a-new
                   to
                   form
                   the
                   agreeable
                   Figure
                   Wall-Trees
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ;
                   and
                   together
                   with
                   that
                   Figure
                   ,
                   will
                   not
                   only
                   bear
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   will
                   bear
                   long
                   ,
                   which
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Wall-Trees
                   shot
                   up
                   too
                   high
                   cannot
                   perform
                   ,
                   the
                   common
                   heighth
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   not
                   allowing
                   it
                   :
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   Older
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   some
                   thick
                   Branches
                   may
                   be
                   short'ned
                   ,
                   which
                   Expedient
                   is
                   pretty
                   secure
                   in
                   all
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   excepting
                   Peach-Trees
                   being
                   Graff'd
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   Peach-Trees
                   growing
                   from
                   a
                   Stone
                   ,
                   live
                   much
                   longer
                   than
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   so
                   soon
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   recompence
                   ,
                   being
                   Cut
                   again
                   ,
                   they
                   still
                   shoot
                   Vigorously
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   others
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Graff'd
                   do
                   not
                   do
                   ,
                   being
                   Old
                   ,
                   Infirm
                   ,
                   and
                   Weak
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Ten
                   or
                   Twelve
                   years
                   :
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   why
                   they
                   can
                   hardly
                   shoot
                   any
                   new
                   Branches
                   through
                   the
                   hard
                   dry
                   Bark
                   of
                   an
                   old
                   Branch
                   that
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   shorten'd
                   upon
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   is
                   to
                   leave
                   those
                   Old
                   Peach-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Condition
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   without
                   Performing
                   the
                   Grand
                   Remedy
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   shorten
                   them
                   ;
                   only
                   Pruning
                   them
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   well-Condition'd
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   get
                   Fruit
                   from
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   affording
                   such
                   as
                   is
                   Good
                   ,
                   and
                   Fair
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Resolve
                   to
                   destroy
                   them
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   cease
                   to
                   bear
                   such
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   remove
                   the
                   Earth
                   from
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   believe
                   may
                   be
                   wasted
                   ;
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   taking
                   away
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Old
                   Roots
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   moving
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   putting
                   afterwards
                   good
                   new
                   Mould
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   then
                   Plant
                   new
                   Trees
                   there
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   young
                   ,
                   and
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Choicest
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   kind
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Stock'd
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   Shorten'd
                   ,
                   either
                   
                     Pear
                     ,
                     Fig
                     ,
                     Abricot
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Plumb-Trees
                   ,
                   their
                   new
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   order'd
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   heretofore
                   Establish'd
                   in
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   young
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   doubt
                   will
                   succeed
                   well
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Defect
                   of
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   being
                   Corrected
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   consists
                   in
                   not
                   being
                   so
                   well
                   garnish'd
                   with
                   good
                   Branches
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   have
                   an
                   equality
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   appearance
                   of
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   The
                   Second
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   in
                   having
                   thick
                   Branches
                   shot
                   up
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   being
                   but
                   a
                   Sequel
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   ,
                   will
                   consequently
                   be
                   Corrected
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   means
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   thick
                   Branches
                   which
                   a
                   Negligent
                   or
                   Unskillful
                   Gard'ner
                   has
                   suffer'd
                   to
                   grow
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   have
                   occasion'd
                   all
                   this
                   disorder
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Considering
                   ,
                   that
                   whereas
                   the
                   New
                   Branches
                   commonly
                   grow
                   only
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   on
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   of
                   Course
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   left
                   too
                   long
                   of
                   a
                   Foot
                   and
                   an
                   half
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   ,
                   must
                   needs
                   from
                   a
                   great
                   Vacuity
                   ,
                   or
                   Thinness
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   having
                   been
                   thus
                   ill
                   order'd
                   ,
                   can
                   never
                   acquire
                   the
                   Beauty
                   a
                   Wall-Tree
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   effectually
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   next
                   Defect
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   in
                   having
                   one
                   part
                   Confuse
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   too
                   full
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   other
                   wants
                   fullness
                   ;
                   it
                   commonly
                   proceeds
                   ,
                   either
                   from
                   Old
                   ,
                   Small
                   ,
                   Wither'd
                   ,
                   Useless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   left
                   by
                   the
                   Ignorant
                   ,
                   or
                   Negligent
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   from
                   having
                   suffer'd
                   and
                   Cut
                   two
                   ,
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   thick
                   Branches
                   close
                   by
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   length
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   a
                   good
                   Maxim
                   which
                   forbids
                   it
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   since
                   every
                   Branch
                   that
                   is
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   produces
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   many
                   ;
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   many
                   Cut
                   Branches
                   be
                   left
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   several
                   New
                   ones
                   will
                   of
                   Course
                   shoot
                   from
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   not
                   finding
                   empty
                   places
                   enough
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   ,
                   will
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                   while
                   another
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   that
                   Sap
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   directed
                   ,
                   which
                   occasions
                   a
                   great
                   Defect
                   here
                   ,
                   becomes
                   wretched
                   ,
                   and
                   forsaken
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   starves
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rule
                   which
                   forbids
                   this
                   multiplicity
                   of
                   Thick
                   Neighbouring
                   Branches
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   length
                   ,
                   wills
                   one
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   in
                   every
                   Part
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   of
                   a
                   moderate
                   length
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   New
                   ones
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   ,
                   may
                   severally
                   Garnish
                   some
                   Places
                   ,
                   which
                   certainly
                   without
                   this
                   Forecast
                   ,
                   might
                   prove
                   empty
                   ,
                   and
                   thin
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   Case
                   it
                   be
                   thought
                   fit
                   in
                   one
                   place
                   ,
                   to
                   leave
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   in
                   proportion
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   proves
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   or
                   Thin
                   in
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   all
                   differ
                   exceedingly
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   look
                   on
                   different
                   sides
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   require
                   being
                   Garnish'd
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   new
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   grow
                   ,
                   may
                   cause
                   a
                   good
                   Effect
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   cumbersom
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   force
                   one
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   away
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   grown
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   now
                   declar'd
                   in
                   General
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   proper
                   to
                   Remedy
                   by
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   the
                   Grand
                   Defects
                   that
                   are
                   happen'd
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   happen
                   daily
                   in
                   Old
                   Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   There
                   now
                   remains
                   to
                   tell
                   ,
                   what
                   I
                   think
                   proper
                   to
                   Remedy
                   the
                   Inconveniences
                   that
                   are
                   like
                   to
                   befall
                   Old
                   Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Perhaps
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   sufficiently
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   Remarks
                   I
                   have
                   just
                   made
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   necessity
                   of
                   saying
                   more
                   precisely
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   betimes
                   to
                   establish
                   the
                   equality
                   of
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   once
                   so
                   establish'd
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ;
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   diffident
                   of
                   thick
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   never
                   fail
                   of
                   Usurping
                   a
                   Mastery
                   wherever
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   form
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Truth
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   that
                   spoil
                   all
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   ill
                   use
                   that
                   is
                   made
                   
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   they
                   cause
                   all
                   the
                   Defects
                   we
                   have
                   now
                   Observ'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Combated
                   ,
                   whereas
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   being
                   made
                   a
                   good
                   use
                   of
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   we
                   have
                   heretofore
                   Explain'd
                   ,
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   Contribute
                   to
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   lasting
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   and
                   fine
                   Fruit
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   produce
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   the
                   first
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   Examine
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   Tree
                   be
                   Conformable
                   to
                   the
                   Idea
                   of
                   Beauty
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   well
                   understood
                   ;
                   or
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   following
                   what
                   is
                   Establish'd
                   for
                   young
                   Trees
                   ;
                   but
                   particularly
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   swerve
                   from
                   a
                   fine
                   Figure
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   oppose
                   it
                   with
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   Exactness
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   if
                   one
                   side
                   seems
                   to
                   weaken
                   ,
                   Endeavours
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   to
                   strengthen
                   it
                   again
                   ,
                   by
                   retrenching
                   some
                   thick
                   Branches
                   that
                   are
                   superiour
                   to
                   it
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Condition
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   can
                   permit
                   it
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   one
                   side
                   never
                   weakens
                   considerably
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   others
                   strengthning
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   observ'd
                   that
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   seems
                   to
                   strengthen
                   in
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   manner
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   Branch
                   shall
                   have
                   thicken'd
                   Considerably
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   produc'd
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   others
                   ,
                   that
                   thick
                   one
                   must
                   immediately
                   be
                   Cut
                   off
                   ,
                   over
                   one
                   looking
                   on
                   the
                   weaker
                   side
                   ,
                   thereby
                   going
                   to
                   the
                   Exteriour
                   Source
                   of
                   that
                   Defect
                   ,
                   and
                   stopping
                   it
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   Original
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   Consequently
                   ,
                   whether
                   one
                   Branch
                   only
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   ,
                   shoot
                   out
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   the
                   current
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   is
                   turn'd
                   aside
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   that
                   Sap
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   have
                   a
                   Course
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   stop'd
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   incline
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   thus
                   dividing
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   contribute
                   to
                   the
                   equality
                   of
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   a
                   Tree
                   can
                   never
                   have
                   the
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   that
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   Endeavour
                   to
                   procure
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   :
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   near
                   so
                   long
                   ,
                   or
                   difficult
                   to
                   Explain
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XL.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     Vines
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   OF
                   all
                   the
                   things
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Husbandry
                   subjects
                   to
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   commonly
                   Prun'd
                   once
                   a
                   year
                   ;
                   nothing
                   to
                   me
                   seems
                   to
                   require
                   it
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   more
                   easily
                   Perform'd
                   :
                   Both
                   which
                   Propositions
                   I
                   am
                   perswaded
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   prove
                   hereafter
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   Earth
                   hardly
                   nourishes
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   subject
                   to
                   more
                   Accidents
                   ,
                   or
                   is
                   oftner
                   afflicted
                   ,
                   than
                   a
                   Vine
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   I
                   may
                   likewise
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   on
                   Earth
                   would
                   be
                   happier
                   in
                   its
                   Productions
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   wishes
                   of
                   Men
                   could
                   Preserve
                   it
                   from
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Misfortunes
                   .
                   It
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Apology
                   of
                   it
                   here
                   ,
                   it
                   not
                   being
                   the
                   design
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   daily
                   sufficiently
                   prais'd
                   by
                   others
                   :
                   And
                   tho'
                   I
                   were
                   so
                   minded
                   ,
                   I
                   could
                   hardly
                   say
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   not
                   tiresom
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Proof
                   of
                   my
                   first
                   Proposition
                   is
                   grounded
                   upon
                   this
                   ,
                   That
                   constantly
                   a
                   Vine
                   wanting
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   Perishes
                   soon
                   after
                   ;
                   not
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   which
                   works
                   as
                   it
                   us'd
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   without
                   regard
                   to
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   since
                   it
                   neither
                   produces
                   any
                   so
                   good
                   ,
                   so
                   fine
                   ,
                   or
                   so
                   well
                   fed
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   regularly
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   (
                   Lively
                   and
                   Sprightly
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   beyond
                   any
                   Plant
                   we
                   are
                   acquainted
                   with
                   )
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   well
                   ,
                   it
                   commonly
                   shoots
                   Wood
                   furiously
                   ,
                   even
                   several
                   Branches
                   in
                   one
                   Summer
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   thick
                   enough
                   ,
                   each
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Fathom
                   long
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   shooting
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   a
                   vast
                   number
                   of
                   bad
                   small
                   Branches
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   thing
                   sufficiently
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   body
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   these
                   small
                   Branches
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Vines
                   ,
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   too
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   large
                   ,
                   thick
                   ,
                   long
                   ones
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   have
                   no-wise
                   the
                   Gift
                   of
                   Fertility
                   :
                   On
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   they
                   remain
                   useless
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   consume
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ,
                   a
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   imploy'd
                   to
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   avoid
                   that
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   useless
                   Branches
                   upon
                   Vines
                   ,
                   which
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   no
                   otherwise
                   than
                   by
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   it
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   to
                   Prune
                   a
                   Vine
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   less
                   pernicious
                   for
                   a
                   Vine
                   to
                   be
                   ill
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   than
                   not
                   Prun'd
                   at
                   all
                   :
                   For
                   at
                   least
                   this
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   tho'
                   ill
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   occasions
                   a
                   great
                   benefit
                   ,
                   in
                   hindring
                   the
                   Sap
                   from
                   wasting
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   dissipated
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   long
                   Branches
                   that
                   we
                   retrench
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   it
                   producing
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   other
                   Branches
                   from
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   prove
                   more
                   useful
                   :
                   From
                   whence
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   our
                   Husbandry
                   nothing
                   requires
                   so
                   much
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   as
                   a
                   Vine
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   observ'd
                   ,
                   we
                   stand
                   indebted
                   to
                   the
                   Vine
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   beginnings
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   now
                   practis'd
                   so
                   usefully
                   by
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   and
                   Vine-Dressers
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Reason
                   which
                   made
                   me
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   appears
                   so
                   easie
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   as
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   (
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   my
                   second
                   Proposition
                   )
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   nothing
                   punishes
                   the
                   Defects
                   that
                   are
                   committed
                   in
                   Pruning
                   less
                   than
                   a
                   Vine
                   does
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   daily
                   a
                   thousand
                   Examples
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   common
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   seldom
                   meet
                   a
                   Vine-Dresser
                   Skillful
                   enough
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   true
                   method
                   of
                   Pruning
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   of
                   giving
                   a
                   good
                   Reason
                   for
                   what
                   he
                   does
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   those
                   very
                   Vine-Dressers
                   seldom
                   fail
                   of
                   having
                   yearly
                   a
                   pretty
                   good
                   Vintage
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Seasons
                   do
                   not
                   hinder
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   Vines
                   ,
                   tho'
                   ill
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Foot
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Condition
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   fail
                   of
                   producing
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   therefore
                   I
                   had
                   reason
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   easie
                   to
                   Prune
                   than
                   a
                   Vine
                   :
                   For
                   indeed
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   it
                   are
                   extreamly
                   Active
                   ,
                   they
                   produce
                   abundance
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   of
                   Course
                   makes
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   large
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   especially
                   upon
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   the
                   year
                   before
                   .
                   Every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   new
                   Branches
                   commonly
                   shoots
                   Fruit
                   on
                   the
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   Eye
                   or
                   Bud
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   pretty
                   often
                   on
                   the
                   seventh
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   singular
                   in
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   produces
                   its
                   Fruit
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   the
                   Branches
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Fruit
                   does
                   not
                   grow
                   afterwards
                   here
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   does
                   on
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   other
                   
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Plants
                   :
                   And
                   indeed
                   ,
                   no
                   Fruit
                   must
                   be
                   expected
                   on
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   comes
                   out
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   moment
                   with
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   truth
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   body
                   .
                
                 
                   Commonly
                   every
                   good
                   new
                   Branch
                   produces
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   fine
                   Bunches
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   seldom
                   fails
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   furnishes
                   a
                   pretty
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Wine
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   Major
                   part
                   produces
                   Three
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   then
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   full
                   Vintage
                   ;
                   supposing
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   neither
                   Hail
                   ,
                   Frost
                   ,
                   or
                   bad
                   Rains
                   ,
                   especially
                   those
                   ,
                   which
                   falling
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   make
                   the
                   Grapes
                   run
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   supposing
                   those
                   Enemies
                   to
                   Vines
                   have
                   spoil'd
                   nothing
                   in
                   its
                   Productions
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   need
                   not
                   mention
                   in
                   this
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Planting
                   ,
                   or
                   Multiplying
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   besides
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   a
                   proper
                   place
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   generally
                   known
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   two
                   Articles
                   are
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   insist
                   upon
                   the
                   Pruning
                   part
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   look
                   upon
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   necessary
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   commonly
                   introduc'd
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   indeed
                   the
                   Chief
                   Adornments
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   Muscadins
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   Considerable
                   ;
                   the
                   others
                   are
                   
                     Chasselas
                     ,
                     Precoses
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   early
                   
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Currans
                  
                   ,
                   even
                   Bourdelais
                   not
                   being
                   excluded
                   ;
                   not
                   indeed
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   Reasons
                   proper
                   to
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   for
                   the
                   Reasons
                   explain'd
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   ,
                   which
                   Treats
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   use
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   every
                   Garden
                   ;
                   and
                   shews
                   that
                   Bourdelais
                   are
                   useful
                   both
                   for
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   Verjuice
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   begin
                   this
                   small
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   by
                   saying
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   the
                   good
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   which
                   Compose
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   common
                   Grapes
                   that
                   grow
                   in
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   particularly
                   this
                   great
                   difference
                   ;
                   that
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   we
                   neither
                   require
                   abundance
                   of
                   Bunches
                   ,
                   or
                   abundance
                   of
                   Grapes
                   upon
                   those
                   Bunches
                   ;
                   we
                   desire
                   thin
                   Bunches
                   ,
                   with
                   few
                   Grapes
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   large
                   ,
                   firm
                   ,
                   and
                   crackling
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   the
                   Season
                   for
                   Maturity
                   being
                   favourable
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   have
                   the
                   pleasure
                   we
                   had
                   propos'd
                   to
                   our selves
                   ;
                   which
                   never
                   happens
                   when
                   the
                   Grapes
                   are
                   too
                   close
                   ;
                   whereas
                   in
                   Vineyards
                   they
                   have
                   different
                   Prospects
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   reason
                   ,
                   desiring
                   nothing
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Bunches
                   ,
                   and
                   quantity
                   of
                   Grapes
                   upon
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   moreover
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   good
                   and
                   well
                   amended
                   Soil
                   is
                   not
                   proper
                   to
                   produce
                   good
                   Grapes
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   Muscadins
                   ;
                   we
                   rather
                   want
                   a
                   Soil
                   moderately
                   fat
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   too
                   much
                   worn
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   well
                   situated
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   Plants
                   are
                   neither
                   too
                   old
                   ,
                   nor
                   too
                   young
                   ;
                   And
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   be
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   not
                   too
                   close
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   all
                   which
                   Conditions
                   are
                   very
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   Muscadin
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   doubt
                   to
                   contribute
                   considerably
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   of
                   more
                   use
                   ,
                   than
                   a
                   Skillful
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   Order
                   to
                   Perform
                   it
                   skillfully
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   Examine
                   two
                   Principal
                   Things
                   ;
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Plant
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   ;
                   and
                   secondly
                   ,
                   the
                   Thickness
                   or
                   Strength
                   of
                   every
                   Branch
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Pruning
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   nothing
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   added
                   to
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   since
                   all
                   the
                   same
                   Considerations
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   had
                   in
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Point
                   in
                   question
                   ,
                   viz.
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Plant
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   thickness
                   ,
                   and
                   number
                   of
                   new
                   Shoots
                   )
                   the
                   Chief
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   is
                   always
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   great
                   burthen
                   to
                   those
                   Plants
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ;
                   I
                   mean
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   
                     Prun'd
                     Branches
                  
                   ,
                   whether
                   those
                   Plants
                   have
                   as
                   yet
                   but
                   one
                   Arm
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   young
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   many
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   after
                   the
                   fifth
                   or
                   sixth
                   year
                   of
                   their
                   being
                   Planted
                   :
                   But
                   yet
                   ,
                   in
                   either
                   Case
                   ,
                   that
                   great
                   Burthen
                   must
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   mannag'd
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   no
                   Confusion
                   :
                   And
                   whereas
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   Plants
                   must
                   be
                   greatly
                   burthen'd
                   ,
                   so
                   always
                   in
                   proportion
                   ,
                   few
                   Cut
                   Branches
                   must
                   be
                   left
                   upon
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   but
                   moderately
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   less
                   upon
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   very
                   weak
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   second
                   Point
                   ,
                   which
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   thickness
                   of
                   every
                   Branch
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Pruning
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Perform'd
                   ;
                   always
                   supposing
                   the
                   regards
                   I
                   advise
                   for
                   the
                   best
                   Plac'd
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   in
                   the
                   Sequel
                   .
                   That
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   always
                   for
                   Pruning
                   upon
                   the
                   thickest
                   Branches
                   ,
                   which
                   indeed
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   it
                   must
                   never
                   be
                   perform'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Weak
                   ones
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   the
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   useles
                   Branches
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   yearly
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   had
                   not
                   taken
                   away
                   abundance
                   of
                   small
                   Shoots
                   that
                   commonly
                   grow
                   upon
                   the
                   Stock
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   some
                   Old
                   Branch
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   weak
                   Shoots
                   not
                   producing
                   near
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Branches
                   to
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   being
                   chosen
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   must
                   always
                   be
                   the
                   thickest
                   ,
                   and
                   best
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   now
                   regulate
                   the
                   length
                   that
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   :
                   This
                   Length
                   ought
                   commonly
                   to
                   be
                   limited
                   to
                   four
                   good
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   four
                   first
                   to
                   be
                   reckon'd
                   from
                   the
                   Place
                   whence
                   the
                   Branch
                   has
                   taken
                   its
                   Birth
                   )
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   with
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   Plant
                   of
                   that
                   Vine
                   rise
                   all
                   on
                   a
                   suddain
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   in
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   higher
                   than
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   garnish
                   some
                   distant
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   space
                   of
                   time
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   Case
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   more
                   length
                   than
                   we
                   have
                   now
                   Regulated
                   ;
                   but
                   still
                   on
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   it
                   shall
                   once
                   have
                   reach'd
                   that
                   heighth
                   ,
                   or
                   propos'd
                   distance
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   prove
                   well
                   ,
                   always
                   be
                   kept
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   I
                   Practise
                   ,
                   only
                   yearly
                   performing
                   that
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   the
                   moderate
                   length
                   above
                   mention'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   performing
                   of
                   this
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   all
                   other
                   manners
                   of
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   these
                   two
                   Precautions
                   must
                   be
                   had
                   ;
                   both
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   pretty
                   Material
                   :
                   The
                   First
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   Cut
                   within
                   a
                   large
                   Inch
                   of
                   the
                   Eye
                   or
                   Bud
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   last
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   on
                   the
                   Extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   that
                   is
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   cut
                   closer
                   ,
                   that
                   Eye
                   would
                   be
                   wounded
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   not
                   produce
                   so
                   fine
                   a
                   shoot
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   second
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   order
                   the
                   Cut
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   slope
                   may
                   always
                   draw
                   towards
                   the
                   side
                   that
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   that
                   last
                   Eye
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   or
                   Bleedings
                   which
                   never
                   fail
                   dropping
                   from
                   that
                   part
                   that
                   is
                   Prun'd
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Sap
                   begins
                   to
                   rise
                   ,
                   should
                   fall
                   upon
                   that
                   last
                   Eye
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   might
                   prove
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   those
                   four
                   Eyes
                   or
                   Buds
                   left
                   upon
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Vigorous
                   Plant
                   ,
                   especially
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   may
                   always
                   be
                   expected
                   four
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   one
                   from
                   each
                   ;
                   each
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Bunches
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   every
                   good
                   Branch
                   being
                   Prun'd
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   four
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   provided
                   ,
                   no
                   ill
                   accident
                   befall
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   may
                   produce
                   four
                   good
                   new
                   Branches
                   together
                   ,
                   with
                   eight
                   ,
                   ten
                   ,
                   or
                   twelve
                   Bunches
                   of
                   Grapes
                   for
                   Autumn
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   one
                   Plant
                   of
                   Vine
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   shall
                   have
                   been
                   left
                   two
                   good
                   
                     Branches
                     Prun'd
                  
                   ,
                   may
                   yield
                   that
                   very
                   year
                   twenty
                   ,
                   or
                   twenty
                   four
                   Bunches
                   of
                   Grapes
                   ;
                   and
                   another
                   having
                   four
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   may
                   yield
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   forty
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   it
                   might
                   rise
                   
                     ad
                     infinitum
                  
                   ;
                   always
                   remembring
                   to
                   proportion
                   the
                   burthen
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   the
                   Plant
                   ;
                   likewise
                   noting
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   an
                   abundance
                   can
                   only
                   suit
                   with
                   Vines
                   Planted
                   against
                   Walls
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   repeat
                   again
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   difference
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   between
                   a
                   Branch
                   shot
                   from
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   the
                   preceeding
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   ;
                   for
                   indeed
                   the
                   first
                   can
                   only
                   be
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   a
                   Branch
                   of
                   false
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   absolutely
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   there
                   be
                   no
                   other
                   upon
                   the
                   Stock
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   of
                   use
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   shorten
                   the
                   Stock
                   close
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   being
                   necessitated
                   so
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   keep
                   within
                   the
                   bounds
                   of
                   the
                   heighth
                   we
                   affect
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   Old
                   Branches
                   perish
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   a
                   
                   certain
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   consequently
                   the
                   old
                   Wood
                   being
                   grown
                   infirm
                   ,
                   and
                   useless
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   remov'd
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   perceiveable
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   since
                   for
                   the
                   Reasons
                   abovesaid
                   ,
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   thought
                   fit
                   to
                   preserve
                   some
                   Branches
                   shot
                   from
                   the
                   stock
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ;
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   shortned
                   within
                   the
                   compass
                   of
                   two
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   of
                   two
                   fair
                   good
                   Branches
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   lay
                   the
                   foundation
                   of
                   our
                   hopes
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   re-establishing
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Vine
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   the
                   whole
                   Plant
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   continuing
                   during
                   that
                   year
                   the
                   common
                   Pruning
                   upon
                   some
                   higher
                   Branch
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   Fruit
                   that
                   year
                   ,
                   resolving
                   to
                   ruine
                   it
                   intirely
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   being
                   gather'd
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   declar'd
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   that
                   Muscadin
                   requires
                   a
                   pretty
                   deal
                   of
                   heat
                   ,
                   adding
                   thereunto
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   dreads
                   the
                   excess
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Mediocrity
                   ,
                   or
                   want
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Moderate
                   Climes
                   ,
                   like
                   France
                   ,
                   Muscadin
                   requires
                   being
                   plac'd
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   against
                   Walls
                   :
                   So
                   in
                   very
                   hot
                   Countries
                   ,
                   like
                   Languedoc
                   ,
                   and
                   Provence
                   ,
                   it
                   dreads
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Scituations
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   heat
                   being
                   too
                   scorching
                   ,
                   the
                   Grapes
                   wither
                   ,
                   and
                   burn
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   ripening
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   only
                   thrive
                   there
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   air
                   ,
                   where
                   indeed
                   they
                   attain
                   a
                   miraculous
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Industry
                   of
                   Man
                   can
                   never
                   reach
                   that
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   in
                   Countries
                   that
                   lye
                   somewhat
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   Reason
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   confess
                   ,
                   that
                   tho'
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   envy
                   other
                   Climes
                   for
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Apples
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   even
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   Melons
                   ,
                   &c.
                   yet
                   in
                   our
                   Climes
                   we
                   can
                   never
                   approach
                   the
                   happiness
                   of
                   Meridional
                   Countries
                   for
                   Muscadins
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   observ'd
                   particularly
                   ,
                   that
                   Muscadin
                   never
                   thrives
                   well
                   against
                   a
                   high
                   Treillis
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   always
                   close
                   ,
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   flabby
                   ;
                   wherefore
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   for
                   placing
                   it
                   against
                   such
                   ,
                   neither
                   must
                   it
                   (
                   especially
                   in
                   Espaliers
                   )
                   be
                   kept
                   so
                   low
                   that
                   the
                   Grapes
                   may
                   touch
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   water
                   of
                   Spouts
                   to
                   spurt
                   gravel
                   against
                   it
                   :
                   For
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   I
                   affect
                   a
                   heighth
                   of
                   three
                   ,
                   four
                   ,
                   or
                   five
                   foot
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   particularly
                   for
                   Muscadin
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit
                   on
                   the
                   Espalier
                   may
                   neither
                   be
                   much
                   higher
                   ,
                   nor
                   much
                   lower
                   ;
                   this
                   is
                   what
                   I
                   meant
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   when
                   I
                   spoke
                   of
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   thick
                   ,
                   is
                   fit
                   for
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   be
                   well
                   plac'd
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   heighth
                   is
                   likewise
                   very
                   proper
                   for
                   
                     Chassellas
                     ,
                     Currans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   early
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   &c.
                   but
                   not
                   so
                   necessary
                   :
                   Grapes
                   that
                   do
                   not
                   grow
                   against
                   Walls
                   ,
                   indeed
                   may
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   kept
                   much
                   lower
                   ,
                   whatever
                   they
                   be
                   ,
                   but
                   still
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   swerve
                   from
                   the
                   Maxim
                   which
                   forbids
                   that
                   Grapes
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   eaten
                   raw
                   ,
                   should
                   touch
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   length
                   for
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   every
                   Branch
                   of
                   Vine
                   being
                   regulated
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   now
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   examine
                   to
                   the
                   bottom
                   the
                   burthen
                   that
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   upon
                   every
                   Plant
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   difficult
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   material
                   Point
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   preceeding
                   years
                   Pruning
                   has
                   produc'd
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   do
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   happens
                   ;
                   then
                   supposing
                   the
                   Vine
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   heighth
                   above-mention'd
                   ,
                   I
                   begin
                   ,
                   by
                   removing
                   wholly
                   all
                   the
                   weak
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   Mother
                   Branch
                   ,
                   be
                   very
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   I
                   never
                   preserve
                   above
                   two
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   chuse
                   the
                   thickest
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   doubtless
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   always
                   chusing
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   thick
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   I
                   keep
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   ;
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   I
                   Prune
                   them
                   both
                   ,
                   tho'
                   not
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   length
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   allowing
                   them
                   each
                   four
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   I
                   only
                   allow
                   it
                   the
                   highest
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   the
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   but
                   two
                   upon
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   a
                   Stump
                   ;
                   resolving
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   remove
                   the
                   highest
                   quite
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   ;
                   together
                   with
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   shoot
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   reducing
                   my self
                   wholly
                   to
                   the
                   two
                   that
                   shall
                   grow
                   from
                   that
                   shortest
                   Branch
                   ,
                   provided
                   the
                   said
                   Branch
                   succeeds
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   hopes
                   ,
                   and
                   appearances
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   any
                   accident
                   should
                   happen
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   produce
                   two
                   fine
                   Branches
                   ,
                   it
                   shooting
                   perhaps
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   I
                   fix
                   still
                   to
                   the
                   finest
                   ,
                   and
                   lowest
                   of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   keep
                   two
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   the
                   short
                   Branch
                   has
                   fail'd
                   quite
                   ;
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   I
                   preserve
                   one
                   for
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   the
                   short
                   one
                   having
                   shot
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   serve
                   for
                   a
                   short
                   one
                   the
                   following
                   year
                   :
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Method
                   I
                   daily
                   attempt
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   swerve
                   from
                   the
                   heighth
                   I
                   affect
                   ,
                   as
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   this
                   Method
                   ,
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   some
                   Culture
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   common
                   Custom
                   of
                   Couching
                   Branches
                   from
                   time
                   ,
                   to
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   get
                   new
                   Wood
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   old
                   begins
                   to
                   appear
                   wasted
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   with
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   a
                   little
                   Dung
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   some
                   renewing
                   of
                   Soil
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   diminution
                   of
                   Vigour
                   is
                   perceiv'd
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   I
                   affirm
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Method
                   will
                   constantly
                   preserve
                   every
                   Plant
                   of
                   Vine
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Case
                   ,
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   Wounds
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   produce
                   fine
                   Grapes
                   ;
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   Clime
                   contribute
                   to
                   afford
                   it
                   due
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   yield
                   the
                   Satisfaction
                   that
                   was
                   expected
                   from
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   the
                   Plant
                   of
                   Vine
                   ,
                   especially
                   of
                   Muscadine
                   ,
                   is
                   extraordinary
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   three
                   ,
                   or
                   four
                   Branches
                   it
                   has
                   shot
                   from
                   every
                   
                   Branch
                   that
                   has
                   been
                   Prun'd
                   prove
                   very
                   thick
                   ;
                   I
                   am
                   for
                   preserving
                   of
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   Pruning
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   of
                   the
                   Length
                   heretofore
                   specifi'd
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   highest
                   for
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   lowest
                   for
                   a
                   Stump
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   room
                   to
                   place
                   without
                   Confusion
                   all
                   the
                   Young
                   ones
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   proceed
                   from
                   that
                   ,
                   I
                   pull
                   up
                   some
                   Neighbouring
                   Plant
                   that
                   might
                   stand
                   in
                   my
                   way
                   :
                   I
                   likewise
                   affect
                   sometimes
                   to
                   choose
                   for
                   my
                   Pruning
                   the
                   meanest
                   of
                   those
                   Branchss
                   ,
                   always
                   forming
                   my
                   Stump
                   upon
                   the
                   lowest
                   of
                   the
                   thick
                   ones
                   ,
                   after
                   which
                   I
                   cut
                   the
                   thickest
                   that
                   are
                   near
                   that
                   mean
                   one
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   fit
                   for
                   Pruning
                   within
                   one
                   Eye
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   that
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Stumps
                   may
                   wast
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fury
                   of
                   the
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   mean
                   Branch
                   I
                   have
                   chosen
                   for
                   the
                   best
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   inconvenienc'd
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   to
                   bear
                   Close
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   certainly
                   do
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   Vigour
                   of
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   Cut
                   the
                   highest
                   over
                   the
                   lowest
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   use
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Plant
                   is
                   but
                   moderately
                   Vigorous
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   our
                   Muscadines
                   are
                   in
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   the
                   thing
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   I
                   am
                   most
                   desirous
                   of
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   ,
                   excepting
                   Frost
                   and
                   Hail
                   ,
                   is
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   dreaded
                   for
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   Rain
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Grapes
                   weep
                   away
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   close
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   too
                   small
                   and
                   flabby
                   ;
                   therefore
                   when
                   Nature
                   does
                   not
                   allow
                   me
                   that
                   Rain
                   according
                   to
                   my
                   desire
                   ,
                   I
                   endeavour
                   to
                   supply
                   it
                   with
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   succeeds
                   well
                   :
                   I
                   must
                   confess
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   Troublesome
                   for
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Plants
                   of
                   Muscadine
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   the
                   Experiment
                   may
                   be
                   try'd
                   upon
                   a
                   smaller
                   Number
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Year
                   proves
                   Extraordinary
                   Drie
                   at
                   the
                   season
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   if
                   my
                   Soil
                   be
                   naturally
                   very
                   Drie
                   ,
                   I
                   Water
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   my
                   Vine
                   largely
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   the
                   Fruit
                   begins
                   to
                   turn
                   ;
                   such
                   a
                   Watering
                   ,
                   when
                   necessary
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   perform'd
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   Contributes
                   certainly
                   to
                   the
                   largeness
                   and
                   firmness
                   of
                   the
                   Grapes
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   
                   Fruit-Bearing
                   Branch
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   the
                   new
                   Branch
                   of
                   that
                   Years
                   growth
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   of
                   a
                   Monstrous
                   thickness
                   ,
                   as
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   prove
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   I
                   Cut
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   being
                   careful
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   some
                   Neighbouring
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   to
                   shelter
                   the
                   Fruit
                   from
                   the
                   great
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   until
                   it
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   half
                   ripe
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   it
                   draws
                   near
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   a
                   general
                   Rule
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   keep
                   it
                   a
                   little
                   bare
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   afford
                   it
                   that
                   Yellow
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   becomes
                   it
                   so
                   well
                   :
                   The
                   Cutting
                   I
                   just
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   augments
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   contributes
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   crackling
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   always
                   certain
                   nor
                   infallible
                   ,
                   neither
                   must
                   it
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   very
                   thick
                   ;
                   for
                   whereas
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   they
                   shoot
                   almost
                   as
                   many
                   small
                   new
                   Branches
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   have
                   Eyes
                   or
                   Buds
                   ,
                   those
                   Branches
                   growing
                   thick
                   ,
                   would
                   in
                   course
                   occasion
                   a
                   great
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   for
                   even
                   when
                   the
                   Branches
                   are
                   not
                   shortned
                   ,
                   they
                   notwithstanding
                   shoot
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   those
                   Buds
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   pull'd
                   off
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   very
                   Useless
                   .
                
                 
                   Happy
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   in
                   such
                   Situations
                   ,
                   where
                   Muscadine
                   yearly
                   ripens
                   well
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   envying
                   their
                   good
                   Fortune
                   a
                   little
                   .
                   Happy
                   likewise
                   are
                   those
                   ,
                   who
                   having
                   Muscadine
                   in
                   an
                   indifferent
                   Climate
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   ill
                   Ground
                   ,
                   are
                   favour'd
                   with
                   such
                   a
                   Summer
                   as
                   we
                   had
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   1676
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   Reason
                   to
                   be
                   contented
                   with
                   that
                   Years
                   Muscadine
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   for
                   our
                   Vines
                   to
                   have
                   abundance
                   of
                   fine
                   Bunches
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   not
                   over
                   stock'd
                   with
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   nor
                   for
                   the
                   Season
                   to
                   be
                   favourable
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   Ripen
                   well
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   besides
                   other
                   considerable
                   Enemies
                   to
                   dread
                   for
                   those
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   for
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   ,
                   besides
                   some
                   Frosts
                   which
                   make
                   the
                   Leaves
                   fall
                   ,
                   and
                   long
                   Cold
                   Rains
                   ,
                   which
                   Rot
                   the
                   Grapes
                   ;
                   Birds
                   and
                   Flies
                   of
                   several
                   kinds
                   ;
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   to
                   prevent
                   their
                   Mischief
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   hang
                   Nets
                   before
                   those
                   Grapes
                   which
                   will
                   hinder
                   the
                   Birds
                   from
                   coming
                   near
                   it
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   remedy
                   is
                   not
                   very
                   easie
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   abundance
                   of
                   Muscadine
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   :
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Flies
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   the
                   Remedy
                   of
                   Viols
                   ,
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   half
                   filled
                   with
                   Water
                   mix'd
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Hony
                   ,
                   or
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   which
                   Expedient
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   known
                   by
                   every
                   Body
                   ;
                   those
                   Viols
                   must
                   be
                   hung
                   up
                   in
                   divers
                   Places
                   about
                   the
                   Vines
                   with
                   some
                   Pack-Thread
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   Infects
                   seldom
                   fail
                   of
                   getting
                   into
                   them
                   ,
                   being
                   attracted
                   by
                   the
                   Sweetness
                   of
                   the
                   Honey
                   and
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   certainly
                   perish
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   got
                   in
                   ,
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   find
                   the
                   way
                   out
                   again
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   abundance
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   destroy'd
                   that
                   way
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   destroy
                   them
                   all
                   :
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   besides
                   ,
                   to
                   empty
                   those
                   Viols
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   Considerable
                   number
                   of
                   those
                   Flies
                   are
                   taken
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   no
                   more
                   of
                   them
                   would
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   the
                   Corruption
                   and
                   Stink
                   they
                   are
                   Subject
                   to
                   ,
                   hinder
                   the
                   others
                   from
                   coming
                   there
                   :
                   Then
                   the
                   said
                   Viols
                   must
                   be
                   fill'd
                   up
                   again
                   ,
                   as
                   before
                   ,
                   and
                   plac'd
                   a-new
                   in
                   proper
                   Places
                   .
                
                 
                   Paper
                   bags
                   ,
                   and
                   Linnen
                   Cloths
                   ,
                   are
                   likewise
                   us'd
                   to
                   cover
                   every
                   Bunch
                   ,
                   but
                   besides
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Slavery
                   ,
                   if
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   it
                   serves
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   Grapes
                   so
                   inclos'd
                   from
                   the
                   Birds
                   and
                   Flies
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   it
                   hinders
                   the
                   Sun
                   from
                   affording
                   them
                   that
                   same
                   Yellow
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   and
                   Contributes
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   better
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   
                   to
                   show
                   their
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   :
                   For
                   to
                   imagine
                   that
                   it
                   preserves
                   the
                   Grapes
                   the
                   longer
                   ripe
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   Error
                   I
                   have
                   experienc'd
                   ;
                   The
                   Reason
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruit
                   begins
                   to
                   Rot
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   throughly
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   sometimes
                   before
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   one
                   Grape
                   is
                   tainted
                   ,
                   it
                   spoils
                   the
                   next
                   ,
                   〈◊〉
                   next
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   
                     ad
                     infinitum
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   Inconveniency
                   ,
                   not
                   so
                   easily
                   discover'd
                   when
                   the
                   Grapes
                   are
                   enclos'd
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   bare
                   ;
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   a
                   Grape
                   looks
                   tainted
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   pick'd
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   it
                   from
                   infecting
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   not
                   omit
                   adding
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   such
                   years
                   as
                   produce
                   an
                   infinite
                   quantity
                   of
                   Bunches
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   year
                   1677.
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   those
                   places
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   too
                   thick
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   too
                   thin
                   ,
                   those
                   Bunches
                   that
                   appear
                   too
                   close
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   full
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   to
                   shorten
                   on
                   the
                   lower
                   Extremity
                   such
                   as
                   seem
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   that
                   Extremity
                   never
                   ripening
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Top
                   ,
                   which
                   always
                   ripens
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   part
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   should
                   likewise
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Grapes
                   must
                   be
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   especially
                   Muscadine
                   ,
                   until
                   it
                   be
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ,
                   since
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   to
                   afford
                   it
                   that
                   sweetness
                   ,
                   and
                   flavour
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   less
                   agreeable
                   than
                   Muscadin
                   :
                   But
                   this
                   Advice
                   shall
                   be
                   compos'd
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Chapters
                   of
                   the
                   following
                   Part
                   ;
                   wherein
                   I
                   shall
                   examine
                   whatever
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   every
                   particular
                   Fruit.
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Fourth
                 Part.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 
              
               
                 OF
                 FRUIT-GARDENS
                 ,
                 AND
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
                 VOL.
                 II.
                 PART
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Concerning
                     the
                     Care
                     that
                     is
                     Requir'd
                     to
                     Pick
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     too
                     abounding
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WHereas
                   the
                   Intention
                   of
                   our
                   Culture
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   promote
                   fair
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   especially
                   to
                   have
                   it
                   fine
                   ,
                   and
                   large
                   ;
                   hoping
                   thereby
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Reason
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   the
                   better
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   goodness
                   seldom
                   failing
                   to
                   attend
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   and
                   Largeness
                   of
                   Size
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   whereas
                   neither
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Trimming
                   of
                   the
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   useless
                   Branches
                   ,
                   the
                   Tillages
                   ,
                   or
                   Improvements
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   are
                   always
                   sufficient
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   this
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   and
                   Size
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   something
                   else
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   Treat
                   of
                   here
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   neither
                   meet
                   with
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   or
                   North-East
                   Winds
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Trees
                     Blossom
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fruit
                   knits
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   
                     March
                     ,
                     April
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   May
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   pretty
                   often
                   in
                   some
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   there
                   remains
                   too
                   much
                   Fruit
                   for
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   Beautiful
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   Relation
                   to
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   ,
                   whether
                   Pears
                   ,
                   or
                   Apples
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   every
                   Bud
                   commonly
                   produces
                   many
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   may
                   produce
                   many
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Seven
                   ,
                   Eight
                   ,
                   Nine
                   ,
                   and
                   Ten
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   stone
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   altho'
                   every
                   Bud
                   ,
                   excepting
                   only
                   plain
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Morello's
                  
                   ,
                   white
                   and
                   black
                   Hearts
                   and
                   Bigarreaux
                   ,
                   produce
                   but
                   one
                   single
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   indeed
                   ,
                   one
                   Peach-Bud
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   Plum-Bud
                   only
                   produce
                   one
                   Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   
                     Plum
                     ,
                  
                   )
                   yet
                   ,
                   as
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Branches
                   ,
                   is
                   commonly
                   
                   burthened
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Buds
                   ,
                   all
                   close
                   to
                   one
                   another
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   upon
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Branches
                   there
                   may
                   remain
                   an
                   excessive
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   same
                   Argument
                   we
                   use
                   for
                   the
                   Buds
                   of
                   Kernel-Fruits
                   ,
                   may
                   stand
                   good
                   for
                   this
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   more
                   Fruit
                   there
                   knits
                   upon
                   one
                   Bud
                   ,
                   the
                   smaller
                   the
                   Portion
                   must
                   be
                   ;
                   which
                   at
                   the
                   shooting
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Stalk
                   out
                   of
                   that
                   Bud
                   ,
                   distributes
                   it self
                   to
                   every
                   individual
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   quantity
                   were
                   less
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   the
                   Portion
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   remaining
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   being
                   the
                   better
                   fed
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   better
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   likewise
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   Fruit
                   there
                   is
                   upon
                   a
                   Branch
                   of
                   
                     Stone-Fruit
                     ,
                     Peach
                     ,
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Apricock-Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   the
                   smaller
                   is
                   the
                   portion
                   of
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   which
                   distributes
                   it self
                   to
                   every
                   Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   Apricock
                   ,
                   on
                   such
                   Branches
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   had
                   there
                   been
                   less
                   upon
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   would
                   certainly
                   have
                   been
                   better
                   fed
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   commonly
                   better
                   ;
                   since
                   indeed
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   have
                   at
                   once
                   Largeness
                   ,
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   and
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   too
                   much
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   either
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Bud
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Branch
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Skillful
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   who
                   takes
                   care
                   to
                   make
                   his
                   
                     Trees
                     Blossom
                  
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   some
                   measure
                   in
                   his
                   Power
                   to
                   do
                   )
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   must
                   likewise
                   take
                   yet
                   more
                   care
                   to
                   leave
                   no
                   more
                   Fruit
                   on
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   on
                   every
                   Bud
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   what
                   he
                   may
                   judge
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   the
                   Branch
                   ,
                   is
                   capable
                   to
                   Nourish
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   have
                   that
                   Fruit
                   Beautiful
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   particularly
                   the
                   Branch
                   ;
                   for
                   ,
                   whereas
                   the
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   which
                   is
                   destin'd
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   ,
                   is
                   perform'd
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   entrance
                   of
                   the
                   Branch
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   the
                   Overture
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   multitude
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   it
                   is
                   burthen'd
                   with
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   measure
                   of
                   Nourishment
                   it
                   may
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   only
                   receives
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   Nature
                   allows
                   the
                   Branch
                   it
                   grows
                   on
                   ,
                   without
                   receiving
                   the
                   least
                   benefit
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   it
                   allows
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Branches
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   having
                   their
                   peculiar
                   Functions
                   ,
                   and
                   separated
                   Works
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Tree
                   sometimes
                   bearing
                   but
                   one
                   or
                   two
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   but
                   a
                   small
                   quantity
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruit
                   is
                   no
                   finer
                   than
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   produc'd
                   a
                   far
                   greater
                   quantity
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   likewise
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   encrease
                   of
                   Sap
                   ,
                   or
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   happen
                   to
                   every
                   individual
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   only
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   retrenchment
                   that
                   is
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   too
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   grew
                   on
                   every
                   Bud
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Branch
                   upon
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   found
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   every
                   Bud
                   ,
                   or
                   every
                   particular
                   Fruit-Branch
                   made
                   particular
                   Families
                   ,
                   having
                   every
                   one
                   their
                   particular
                   Income
                   ,
                   and
                   each
                   their
                   Servants
                   to
                   nourish
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   one
                   receives
                   no
                   benefit
                   from
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   Children
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   have
                   a
                   greater
                   share
                   of
                   nourishment
                   ;
                   when
                   the
                   same
                   food
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   divided
                   ,
                   or
                   shar'd
                   among
                   Ten
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   divided
                   among
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   must
                   leave
                   but
                   few
                   Fruits
                   upon
                   every
                   Bud
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   design
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   all
                   both
                   larger
                   and
                   finer
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   in
                   Pruning
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   I
                   leave
                   as
                   many
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   more
                   good
                   Buds
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   Fruit-Bearing-Branches
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   seems
                   capable
                   to
                   Nourish
                   ,
                   being
                   sensible
                   of
                   the
                   hazards
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   are
                   safe
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   likewise
                   desirous
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Tree
                   should
                   be
                   partly
                   equally
                   Beautiful
                   ,
                   I
                   never
                   fail
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   knit
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   an
                   exact
                   review
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   every
                   Bud
                   and
                   every
                   Branch
                   contains
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   leave
                   no
                   more
                   on
                   each
                   Place
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   is
                   likely
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   Nourish
                   plentifully
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   pretty
                   often
                   ,
                   Nature
                   seems
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   purge
                   ,
                   or
                   disburthen
                   it self
                   of
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   over-burthen'd
                   with
                   ;
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   Spring
                   sometimes
                   produces
                   of
                   those
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   and
                   North-East
                   Winds
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   which
                   happen
                   also
                   pretty
                   often
                   between
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   ;
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   North-East
                   Winds
                   are
                   Terrible
                   shakers
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   they
                   beat
                   down
                   abundance
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   times
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   discretion
                   or
                   measure
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   whole
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   Every
                   Branch
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   that
                   such
                   years
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   Scarcity
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   to
                   Excess
                   ;
                   But
                   yet
                   whatever
                   Misfortune
                   it
                   may
                   have
                   caus'd
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   fail
                   still
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   review
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   remaining
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   such
                   from
                   some
                   Places
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   Prudence
                   we
                   Judge
                   to
                   be
                   overburthen'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   then
                   again
                   ,
                   those
                   Frosts
                   and
                   Stormy
                   Winds
                   do
                   not
                   always
                   happen
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   which
                   has
                   knit
                   ,
                   remains
                   upon
                   the
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   Plenty
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Number
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   really
                   call
                   our selves
                   poor
                   as
                   to
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   and
                   goodness
                   ,
                   having
                   nothing
                   fine
                   enough
                   to
                   Honour
                   our
                   Culture
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   such
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   proper
                   ,
                   to
                   ease
                   Nature
                   of
                   a
                   Cousiderable
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   Burthen
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   following
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   It
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   tarry
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Fruits
                   be
                   pretty
                   large
                   and
                   well
                   form'd
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   superabundant
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   most
                   Beautiful
                   and
                   most
                   sizeable
                   ;
                   since
                   that
                   great
                   Number
                   consists
                   both
                   of
                   good
                   and
                   bad
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   we
                   must
                   commonly
                   tarry
                   until
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   begining
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   Fruit
                   is
                   large
                   enough
                   to
                   facilitate
                   our
                   Choice
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   this
                   Picking
                   or
                   Culling
                   must
                   be
                   Perform'd
                   sooner
                   for
                   Apricocks
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   Fruits
                   :
                   Whereby
                   we
                   derive
                   an
                   advantage
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   met
                   with
                   on
                   other
                   Trees
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   good
                   use
                   being
                   made
                   of
                   small
                   green
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   cannot
                   make
                   of
                   other
                   small
                   green
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   hitherto
                   we
                   have
                   not
                   found
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   tho
                   it
                   were
                   perhaps
                   to
                   be
                   wish'd
                   we
                   might
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   We
                   must
                   be
                   careful
                   to
                   allow
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   we
                   can
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   Room
                   as
                   it
                   may
                   require
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   size
                   we
                   know
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   approaches
                   to
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   for
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Principal
                   Stone
                   -
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   short
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Purple-Peaches
                     ,
                     Apricocks
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   otherwise
                   they
                   would
                   obstruct
                   each
                   other
                   in
                   growing
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   equally
                   large
                   destroy
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   the
                   strongest
                   get
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   largest
                   destroys
                   the
                   smallest
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   which
                   those
                   Wretches
                   have
                   receiv'd
                   during
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Months
                   ,
                   is
                   lost
                   in
                   vain
                   ;
                   whereas
                   it
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   imploy'd
                   to
                   advantage
                   ,
                   had
                   care
                   been
                   taken
                   to
                   take
                   off
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   worst
                   plac'd
                   betimes
                   ;
                   for
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   those
                   that
                   should
                   have
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   would
                   have
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   which
                   was
                   wasted
                   on
                   their
                   Neighbours
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   you
                   must
                   never
                   leave
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   tho'
                   they
                   are
                   Commonly
                   so
                   ,
                   several
                   of
                   them
                   growing
                   together
                   ,
                   witness
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   two
                   and
                   two
                   ,
                   witness
                   Peaches
                   :
                   For
                   commonly
                   the
                   
                     Blossom
                     Buds
                  
                   of
                   
                     Peach
                     Trees
                  
                   only
                   grow
                   two
                   and
                   two
                   ,
                   both
                   very
                   close
                   to
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   being
                   only
                   divided
                   by
                   a
                   small
                   Eye
                   ,
                   for
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   small
                   beginning
                   of
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   which
                   Places
                   it self
                   between
                   the
                   Two
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   generality
                   only
                   shoots
                   a
                   few
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   Wood
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   it
                   shoots
                   Vigorously
                   and
                   Forms
                   a
                   pretty
                   fair
                   Branch
                   ,
                   then
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   necessity
                   of
                   removing
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   accompany
                   the
                   Branch
                   ;
                   their
                   Natural
                   Situation
                   keeping
                   them
                   at
                   sufficient
                   distance
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   doubt
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   will
                   prove
                   very
                   Fine
                   ,
                   provided
                   nothing
                   else
                   press
                   them
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   thickning
                   ,
                   which
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   look'd
                   to
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   case
                   the
                   Shoot
                   be
                   but
                   weak
                   ,
                   and
                   slender
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   hinder
                   the
                   removing
                   of
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Peaches
                   :
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   small
                   Shoots
                   are
                   commonly
                   at
                   a
                   stand
                   even
                   in
                   June
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   shorten
                   them
                   at
                   that
                   very
                   time
                   to
                   an
                   Eye
                   or
                   Bud
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   save
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   wasted
                   in
                   them
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ;
                   besides
                   those
                   are
                   the
                   Shoots
                   which
                   generally
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   leave
                   a
                   Leaf
                   or
                   two
                   upon
                   each
                   ,
                   to
                   shelter
                   the
                   Peach
                   from
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   during
                   all
                   the
                   time
                   ,
                   of
                   it's
                   Tenderest
                   Infancy
                   ;
                   Shade
                   being
                   so
                   very
                   necessary
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   it
                   the
                   Peach
                   might
                   perish
                   ,
                   being
                   uncover'd
                   ,
                   before
                   its
                   being
                   come
                   to
                   some
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   Autumn
                   and
                   
                     Winter
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   recommendable
                   for
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   their
                   Size
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   Beurre
                   or
                   
                     Butter-Pears
                     ,
                     Bon
                     Chretiens
                     ,
                     Virgoulee
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   do
                   likewise
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   that
                   Picking
                   or
                   culling
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   too
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   left
                   together
                   upon
                   one
                   Knob
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   seldom
                   prove
                   very
                   fine
                   ,
                   one
                   will
                   suffice
                   upon
                   each
                   ,
                   or
                   two
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   those
                   must
                   appear
                   pretty
                   large
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   both
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   Size
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   one
                   being
                   less
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   will
                   always
                   remain
                   so
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ill
                   favour'd
                   ,
                   which
                   far
                   from
                   deserving
                   to
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   could
                   not
                   attain
                   the
                   Size
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   only
                   serves
                   to
                   wrong
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   have
                   thriven
                   the
                   better
                   had
                   it
                   remain'd
                   alone
                   upon
                   that
                   Bud.
                   
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   
                     Summer
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   small
                   
                     Muscat
                     ,
                     Robins
                     ,
                     Cassolets
                     ,
                     Rousselets
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   such
                   absolute
                   necessity
                   to
                   Pick
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   only
                   be
                   us'd
                   like
                   Plums
                   and
                   Cherries
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Fruits
                   of
                   an
                   Ordinary
                   and
                   Regular
                   Size
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   commonly
                   good
                   of
                   all
                   Sizes
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   tainted
                   by
                   Worms
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   It
                   must
                   be
                   noted
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Branches
                   of
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   in
                   Pruning
                   we
                   have
                   left
                   as
                   many
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   thought
                   fit
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   noted
                   ,
                   is
                   always
                   to
                   some
                   Kind
                   of
                   excess
                   ;
                   when
                   those
                   Branches
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   appear
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   to
                   receive
                   Considerable
                   Succors
                   of
                   new
                   Sap
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   thicken
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   shoot
                   fine
                   Branches
                   on
                   their
                   extremities
                   :
                   In
                   that
                   Case
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   declared
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   in
                   the
                   
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   take
                   away
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   which
                   is
                   aready
                   knit
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   shorten
                   the
                   Branch
                   extreamly
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   to
                   that
                   part
                   from
                   which
                   the
                   finest
                   Shoot
                   proceeds
                   ;
                   for
                   otherwise
                   certainly
                   the
                   best
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   would
                   drop
                   before
                   its
                   being
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   would
                   remain
                   very
                   small
                   ,
                   and
                   Consequently
                   bad
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   especially
                   as
                   to
                   Stone
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   that
                   unless
                   they
                   approach
                   to
                   that
                   Size
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   to
                   their
                   kind
                   ,
                   they
                   never
                   attain
                   the
                   delicacy
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   .
                   The
                   Peaches
                   remain
                   Shaggy
                   and
                   Green
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   not
                   quit
                   the
                   stone
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Sowrish
                   ,
                   and
                   Bitterish
                   ,
                   the
                   Pulp
                   is
                   Rough
                   and
                   Course
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   Mealy
                   ,
                   the
                   Stone
                   is
                   much
                   larger
                   than
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   all
                   which
                   are
                   certain
                   Marks
                   of
                   an
                   ill
                   Peach
                   .
                
                 
                   Fourthly
                   ,
                   The
                   Pears
                   which
                   remain
                   in
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   Number
                   ,
                   are
                   apt
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   hinder
                   each
                   other
                   from
                   thickning
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   Rot
                   ,
                   the
                   Air
                   and
                   the
                   Wind
                   not
                   having
                   a
                   free
                   passage
                   about
                   them
                   ;
                   this
                   Inconveniency
                   is
                   sufficient
                   to
                   Inform
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   away
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   remainder
                   may
                   be
                   at
                   more
                   Liberty
                   and
                   Ease
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   Observe
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   
                     Winter
                     Bon
                     Chrestien
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   and
                   May
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   time
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   appear
                   Knit
                   and
                   Form'd
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   greatly
                   Careful
                   to
                   destroy
                   small
                   Black
                   Caterpillars
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   numorous
                   at
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   which
                   otherwise
                   would
                   gnaw
                   the
                   Rind
                   of
                   those
                   Pears
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   we
                   often
                   meet
                   with
                   them
                   crooked
                   and
                   uneven
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     Learn
                     to
                     uncover
                     ,
                     at
                     a
                     proper
                     Time
                     ,
                     certain
                     Fruits
                     which
                     require
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   FRUITS
                   being
                   thus
                   pick'd
                   upon
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   they
                   thicken
                   by
                   degrees
                   under
                   the
                   Leaf
                   ,
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   kind
                   ,
                   some
                   sooner
                   and
                   others
                   later
                   ,
                   each
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   Nature
                   has
                   design'd
                   for
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   the
                   Red
                   ,
                   or
                   Carnation
                   Colour
                   are
                   necessary
                   to
                   certain
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   receive
                   it
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   hinder'd
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   have
                   it
                   if
                   hinder'd
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   absolutely
                   can
                   never
                   attain
                   it
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   
                     White
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Verte
                     Longue
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long-Green
                     ,
                     Green
                     Sugar
                     Pears
                     ,
                     White
                     Figs
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   there
                   are
                   likewise
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   thonever
                   so
                   cover'd
                   ,
                   ever
                   receives
                   the
                   Colour
                   of
                   their
                   Kind
                   ,
                   for
                   example
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Rasberries
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Whereas
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   Colour
                   as
                   to
                   certain
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   material
                   condition
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   render
                   them
                   the
                   more
                   valuable
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   can
                   never
                   attain
                   that
                   Colour
                   in
                   Ripening
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   light
                   directly
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   proper
                   at
                   certain
                   times
                   to
                   remove
                   some
                   Leaves
                   which
                   shade
                   them
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   are
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   that
                   Colouring
                   ;
                   nay
                   more
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   prejudicial
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   most
                   certain
                   for
                   the
                   generality
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   much
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   cannot
                   Ripen
                   altogether
                   so
                   soon
                   as
                   another
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   more
                   expos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   moreover
                   has
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   delicacy
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Prudence
                   and
                   Discretion
                   must
                   be
                   us'd
                   in
                   this
                   case
                   ;
                   and
                   care
                   taken
                   not
                   to
                   uncover
                   Fruits
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   almost
                   attain'd
                   their
                   proper
                   size
                   ,
                   and
                   begin
                   to
                   lose
                   the
                   great
                   Greenness
                   they
                   had
                   till
                   then
                   ;
                   Fruits
                   begin
                   to
                   thicken
                   from
                   the
                   moment
                   they
                   are
                   Knit
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   June
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   as
                   Gard'ners
                   say
                   ,
                   they
                   remain
                   for
                   a
                   considerable
                   space
                   in
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Lethargy
                   without
                   thickening
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   Visibly
                   ;
                   for
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   question
                   but
                   they
                   thicken
                   a
                   little
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   above
                   all
                   some
                   Matter
                   enters
                   into
                   the
                   Inside
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   Roots
                   are
                   continually
                   preparing
                   some
                   ,
                   and
                   sending
                   it
                   immediately
                   upwards
                   ;
                   this
                   matter
                   indeed
                   remains
                   press'd
                   under
                   the
                   Rind
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   Fruit
                   is
                   so
                   hard
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ;
                   but
                   finally
                   the
                   time
                   which
                   is
                   regulated
                   for
                   their
                   Maturity
                   approaching
                   ,
                   this
                   very
                   matter
                   ,
                   tho'
                   condens'd
                   ,
                   begins
                   to
                   rarify
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   extend
                   in
                   few
                   days
                   ,
                   whereby
                   the
                   Fruits
                   begin
                   to
                   sosten
                   and
                   thicken
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   approach
                   to
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   proper
                   time
                   to
                   uncover
                   them
                   ,
                   at
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   different
                   times
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   during
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   days
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   they
                   wereuncover'd
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   all
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   would
                   certainly
                   occasion
                   a
                   great
                   disorder
                   upon
                   that
                   tender
                   
                   Rind
                   ,
                   not
                   yet
                   accustom'd
                   to
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ;
                   this
                   truth
                   is
                   confirm'd
                   by
                   too
                   many
                   Experiences
                   ,
                   when
                   either
                   through
                   the
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   an
                   unskilful
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   some
                   unlucky
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   are
                   uncover'd
                   before
                   that
                   time
                   ;
                   the
                   same
                   cause
                   which
                   splits
                   the
                   Rind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   likewise
                   dries
                   up
                   the
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   and
                   Consequently
                   the
                   Fruit
                   Withers
                   and
                   Rots
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   pretty
                   often
                   in
                   Vinyards
                   ,
                   which
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   are
                   afflicted
                   with
                   some
                   over
                   hastly
                   Frosts
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   return
                   to
                   the
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   desirable
                   for
                   most
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   say
                   that
                   it
                   Imprints
                   it self
                   in
                   few
                   days
                   on
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   long
                   cover'd
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   appears
                   by
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Apricocks
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   on
                   the
                   
                     Quince
                     Apples
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   those
                   are
                   much
                   to
                   blame
                   ,
                   who
                   neglect
                   the
                   procuring
                   of
                   so
                   great
                   an
                   advantage
                   to
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   easily
                   done
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   render
                   that
                   Colour
                   more
                   Bright
                   and
                   Lively
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   improper
                   ,
                   to
                   use
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Seringe
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   ,
                   with
                   several
                   little
                   holes
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Spout
                   ,
                   like
                   those
                   of
                   a
                   Watering
                   Pot
                   ,
                   to
                   water
                   them
                   twice
                   or
                   thrice
                   a
                   day
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   greatest
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   :
                   Such
                   a
                   watering
                   softens
                   the
                   Rind
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   of
                   wonderful
                   use
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ;
                   especially
                   for
                   Apricocks
                   and
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   likewise
                   succeeds
                   well
                   for
                   
                     Bon
                     Chreten
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Vergoules
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Which
                   remain
                   somewhat
                   Whitish
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   having
                   a
                   fine
                   thin
                   Rind
                   ,
                   are
                   Consequently
                   susceptible
                   to
                   receive
                   that
                   fine
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   becomes
                   them
                   so
                   well
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Maturity
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Order
                     Nature
                     observes
                     in
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IN
                   fine
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   having
                   attain'd
                   their
                   Size
                   and
                   Colour
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   being
                   arriv'd
                   ,
                   it
                   behoves
                   us
                   to
                   improve
                   those
                   rich
                   Presents
                   which
                   Nature
                   treats
                   us
                   with
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Liberality
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   a
                   Profusion
                   it
                   yearly
                   bestows
                   upon
                   us
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   thereby
                   delighted
                   to
                   recompence
                   the
                   Cares
                   ,
                   and
                   Industry
                   of
                   the
                   skilful
                   Gard'ner
                   which
                   Cultivates
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Two
                   things
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Consider'd
                   in
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   the
                   Pulp
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   and
                   the
                   Seed
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   the
                   Pulp
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Seed
                   which
                   lying
                   in
                   the
                   heart
                   of
                   that
                   Fruit
                   as
                   in
                   a
                   Sccabberd
                   ,
                   receives
                   its
                   perfection
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Pulp
                   makes
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   Ripening
                   ;
                   this
                   perfection
                   of
                   Seed
                   being
                   apparently
                   design'd
                   for
                   the
                   Multiplication
                   of
                   the
                   Specie
                   of
                   that
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   but
                   this
                   I
                   only
                   speak
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   appears
                   often
                   that
                   the
                   Seed
                   is
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   Perhaps
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   urg'd
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   that
                   Seed
                   or
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   that
                   Nature
                   seems
                   to
                   perform
                   in
                   Trees
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   its
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   in
                   part
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   performs
                   in
                   Animals
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   their
                   Young
                   ones
                   ;
                   No
                   body
                   can
                   be
                   Ignorant
                   of
                   the
                   extraordinary
                   earnestness
                   of
                   Animals
                   to
                   Nourish
                   and
                   Preserve
                   their
                   Young
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   Point
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   until
                   they
                   attain
                   that
                   perfection
                   of
                   Size
                   ,
                   and
                   Strength
                   ,
                   which
                   every
                   one
                   stands
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   Subsist
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   labour
                   afterwards
                   to
                   perpetuate
                   their
                   kind
                   at
                   the
                   times
                   which
                   Nature
                   prescribes
                
                 
                   Insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   till
                   then
                   those
                   Animals
                   Fathers
                   and
                   Mothers
                   ,
                   can
                   hardly
                   suffer
                   ,
                   without
                   resistance
                   ,
                   nay
                   sometimes
                   without
                   Fury
                   and
                   Cruelty
                   ,
                   any
                   Body
                   to
                   touch
                   ,
                   much
                   less
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   their
                   Young
                   ones
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   those
                   Young
                   ones
                   are
                   grown
                   big
                   ,
                   Nature
                   endeavouring
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   to
                   Employ
                   those
                   Fathers
                   and
                   Mothers
                   with
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   a
                   new
                   Multiplication
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   to
                   excite
                   those
                   Young
                   ones
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Figure
                   in
                   their
                   kind
                   ,
                   inclines
                   those
                   Fathers
                   and
                   Mothers
                   to
                   abandon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   cease
                   Nourishing
                   and
                   Protecting
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   those
                   Young
                   ones
                   being
                   grown
                   big
                   ,
                   shift
                   for
                   themselves
                   ,
                   no
                   longer
                   looking
                   upon
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   their
                   Being
                   ,
                   or
                   keeping
                   them
                   Company
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   than
                   as
                   indifferent
                   Strangers
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   really
                   the
                   Fathers
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   take
                   care
                   for
                   a
                   while
                   to
                   nourish
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   the
                   Expression
                   ,
                   they
                   Suckled
                   ,
                   or
                   Hatch'd
                   ,
                   or
                   Heated
                   them
                   with
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   to
                   a
                   certoin
                   Point
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   are
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   full
                   Perfection
                   of
                   their
                   Size
                   ,
                   and
                   Maturity
                   :
                   But
                   then
                   ,
                   Nature
                   seeing
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   not
                   only
                   of
                   Subsisting
                   without
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   Father
                   that
                   has
                   produc'd
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   of
                   Perpetuating
                   and
                   Multiplying
                   their
                   different
                   kinds
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   withdraw
                   the
                   affection
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ;
                   Insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   that
                   time
                   the
                   Fruit
                   seems
                   to
                   stick
                   closer
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   than
                   it
                   does
                   afterward
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   those
                   Fruits
                   cease
                   
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   wonted
                   help
                   ,
                   they
                   no
                   longer
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   ,
                   and
                   sticking
                   no
                   longer
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   by
                   the
                   former
                   Tye
                   ,
                   they
                   quit
                   their
                   Father
                   and
                   Mother
                   ,
                   they
                   drop
                   ,
                   they
                   keep
                   asunder
                   ,
                   and
                   lastly
                   are
                   abandon'd
                   to
                   themselves
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Pulp
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Noted
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   degree
                   which
                   approaches
                   nearest
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   call
                   Rotteness
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   their
                   destruction
                   ,
                   )
                   is
                   the
                   perfection
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   never
                   perfectly
                   good
                   to
                   Eat
                   ,
                   until
                   being
                   absolutely
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   near
                   spoiling
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   be
                   careful
                   to
                   gather
                   his
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   entirely
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   he
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   seeing
                   them
                   perish
                   ,
                   some
                   through
                   a
                   Rotteness
                   ,
                   which
                   begins
                   at
                   first
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   with
                   most
                   Apples
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   by
                   growing
                   Mealy
                   ,
                   as
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   some
                   by
                   growing
                   Soft
                   first
                   ,
                   as
                   many
                   Pears
                   do
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Tender
                   ,
                   as
                   Butter-Pears
                   ,
                   others
                   by
                   growing
                   Dry
                   and
                   Shaggy
                   ,
                   as
                   most
                   Musc-Pears
                   do
                   ;
                   all
                   which
                   are
                   different
                   ways
                   Conducing
                   to
                   Rotteness
                   and
                   Destruction
                   .
                   When
                   this
                   happens
                   ,
                   Man
                   is
                   Subject
                   to
                   some
                   inward
                   checks
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   seems
                   to
                   reproach
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   not
                   having
                   been
                   Capable
                   of
                   Improving
                   her
                   Liberalities
                   towards
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   might
                   be
                   question'd
                   in
                   this
                   Place
                   what
                   Maturity
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   it
                   is
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   both
                   which
                   questions
                   are
                   pretty
                   agreeable
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   no
                   great
                   use
                   to
                   a
                   
                     Gard'ner
                     .
                     First
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Definition
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   considering
                   the
                   great
                   Proximity
                   between
                   it
                   and
                   Corruption
                   ,
                   we
                   can
                   hardly
                   give
                   a
                   better
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   beginning
                   of
                   Corruption
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Truth
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   speaking
                   of
                   a
                   thing
                   which
                   passes
                   for
                   a
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   pretty
                   odd
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   a
                   Term
                   ,
                   which
                   expresses
                   defect
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   really
                   disgusting
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   to
                   soften
                   the
                   signification
                   of
                   that
                   Expression
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   degrees
                   of
                   Corruption
                   ;
                   many
                   Fruits
                   are
                   Corrupted
                   and
                   Rotten
                   ,
                   without
                   ever
                   having
                   been
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   which
                   Corruption
                   is
                   a
                   real
                   defect
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   Perfection
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   Contrary
                   there
                   are
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   never
                   begin
                   to
                   Corrupt
                   unless
                   they
                   have
                   attain'd
                   the
                   utmost
                   degree
                   of
                   Perfect
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   Corrupion
                   is
                   really
                   a
                   defect
                   for
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   a
                   Perfection
                   for
                   the
                   Eater
                   :
                   Thus
                   we
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Piece
                   of
                   Wood
                   which
                   becomes
                   a
                   Circle
                   ,
                   receives
                   a
                   degree
                   of
                   Corruption
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   it self
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   ceases
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Figure
                   which
                   Nature
                   had
                   given
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   receives
                   a
                   Perfection
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Workman
                   ,
                   who
                   forces
                   it
                   to
                   take
                   that
                   bend
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   stands
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   for
                   his
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   manner
                   ,
                   how
                   Maturity
                   is
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   the
                   difficulty
                   is
                   much
                   greater
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   puzling
                   ;
                   for
                   tho
                   the
                   Sun
                   shining
                   directly
                   upon
                   the
                   Trees
                   seems
                   the
                   only
                   Author
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                  
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   it
                   has
                   given
                   a
                   proper
                   degree
                   of
                   Heat
                   ;
                   yet
                   we
                   cannot
                   say
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   and
                   last
                   Author
                   of
                   the
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   since
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   gather'd
                   without
                   being
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   Ripen
                   of
                   themselves
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Sun
                   no
                   longer
                   shines
                   directly
                   upon
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   more
                   proper
                   and
                   more
                   likely
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   indeed
                   begins
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   remain
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   degree
                   of
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   the
                   Fruits
                   shrink
                   and
                   spoil
                   ,
                   without
                   having
                   enjoy'd
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   real
                   way
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   after
                   this
                   the
                   greatest
                   Crudity
                   having
                   been
                   thus
                   consum'd
                   by
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   as
                   all
                   Natural
                   Bodies
                   are
                   Subject
                   to
                   Corrupt
                   ,
                   some
                   sooner
                   ,
                   others
                   later
                   ;
                   one
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Store-House
                   arrive
                   at
                   last
                   to
                   the
                   Period
                   of
                   their
                   Existance
                   ,
                   which
                   often
                   proves
                   the
                   Point
                   of
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Maturity
                   ;
                   another
                   part
                   likewise
                   meets
                   its
                   end
                   in
                   a
                   precipitated
                   Rottenness
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   proceed
                   either
                   from
                   too
                   much
                   Cold
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   much
                   Heat
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   much
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   We
                   might
                   likewise
                   Please
                   our selves
                   with
                   asking
                   ,
                   whether
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   soonest
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   are
                   better
                   for
                   the
                   Health
                   of
                   Man
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   longer
                   before
                   they
                   attain
                   their
                   Maturity
                   .
                   The
                   like
                   question
                   might
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Perfum'd
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   ;
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   Kernels
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   
                     Stones
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   But
                   whereas
                   those
                   Gallantries
                   are
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   to
                   the
                   matter
                   in
                   hand
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   Wave
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   Instructions
                   that
                   are
                   necessary
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   learn
                   to
                   gather
                   Fruits
                   Seasonably
                   ,
                   without
                   losing
                   my
                   Time
                   in
                   needless
                   Philosophy
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   Then
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   understand
                   that
                   Maturity
                   rightly
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit
                   has
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   or
                   regulated
                   Season
                   for
                   its
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   that
                   of
                   every
                   Particular
                   Fruit
                   in
                   its
                   Season
                   ,
                   some
                   have
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   about
                   Week
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Rousselets
                   or
                   
                     Russetins
                     ,
                     Beurre
                  
                   or
                   
                     Butter-Pears
                     ,
                     Burgamets
                     ,
                     Verte-Longue
                  
                   or
                   Long-Green
                   ,
                   &c.
                   others
                   not
                   above
                   a
                   Day
                   or
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   beyond
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Cherries
                  
                   ,
                   most
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   some
                   have
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   longer
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     
                     Apples
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   an
                   Apple
                   or
                   
                     Bon
                     Chrestien
                     Pear
                  
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   good
                   to
                   Eat
                   for
                   a
                   Month
                   or
                   six
                   Weeks
                   together
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   Noted
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit
                   has
                   its
                   peculiar
                   marks
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   either
                   such
                   as
                   Ripen
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   only
                   Ripen
                   some
                   time
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Altho
                   Generally
                   the
                   Common
                   time
                   of
                   Maturity
                   of
                   every
                   kind
                   ,
                   is
                   within
                   the
                   Compass
                   of
                   the
                   knowledg
                   and
                   understanding
                   of
                   Common
                   Gard'ners
                   ,
                   who
                   commonly
                   are
                   pretty
                   able
                   to
                   distinguish
                   which
                   are
                   Summer
                   ,
                   which
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   
                     Winter
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   Yet
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   that
                   the
                   singular
                   Marks
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   every
                   Fruit
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   nick
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   the
                   precise
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   those
                   Marks
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   are
                   properly
                   reserv'd
                   for
                   the
                   knowledg
                   of
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   who
                   will
                   use
                   some
                   Application
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   Common
                   than
                   to
                   see
                   Fruits
                   serv'd
                   ,
                   either
                   before
                   their
                   being
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   pass'd
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   too
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   Consequently
                   nought
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   too
                   ,
                   when
                   without
                   doubt
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   attain'd
                   a
                   just
                   Maturity
                   might
                   supply
                   the
                   Room
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   being
                   us'd
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   have
                   the
                   misfortune
                   to
                   lose
                   their
                   Delicacy
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Value
                   they
                   deserv'd
                   .
                
                 
                   One
                   would
                   think
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   but
                   little
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   upon
                   the
                   Subject
                   of
                   this
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   the
                   extream
                   Application
                   I
                   have
                   us'd
                   about
                   it
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   while
                   ,
                   has
                   couvinc'd
                   me
                   of
                   the
                   Contrary
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   all
                   the
                   Expence
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Care
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Pains
                   People
                   have
                   been
                   at
                   ,
                   to
                   get
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   would
                   prove
                   vain
                   ,
                   if
                   having
                   Compass'd
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   still
                   at
                   a
                   loss
                   ,
                   not
                   knowing
                   how
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   good
                   ●se
                   of
                   it
                   they
                   propos'd
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   my self
                   Oblig'd
                   not
                   to
                   Omit
                   the
                   least
                   Circumstance
                   of
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   may
                   seem
                   Useful
                   to
                   that
                   End.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   fully
                   Explain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Choice
                   and
                   Proportion
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   Fruits
                   not
                   only
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   every
                   Month
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   perhaps
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   tiresome
                   and
                   needless
                   to
                   Repeat
                   it
                   here
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   only
                   thing
                   in
                   Question
                   now
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   true
                   Explication
                   of
                   what
                   Relates
                   to
                   the
                   Particulars
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   Possible
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   World
                   a
                   greater
                   Insight
                   into
                   that
                   Knowledg
                   ,
                   than
                   it
                   has
                   had
                   hitherto
                   .
                
                 
                   Above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   an
                   Ingenious
                   Gard'ner
                   so
                   well
                   Skill'd
                   in
                   that
                   Point
                   ,
                   as
                   never
                   to
                   Present
                   any
                   of
                   his
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   Especially
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Tender
                   and
                   Mellow
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Pears
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   a
                   just
                   degree
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   that
                   those
                   they
                   are
                   presented
                   to
                   ,
                   may
                   take
                   the
                   very
                   first
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   fear
                   of
                   being
                   Disappointed
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   chuse
                   with
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   Picking
                   ,
                   and
                   Squeezing
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   spoil
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   can
                   meet
                   with
                   any
                   to
                   their
                   liking
                   .
                
                 
                   My
                   Intention
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Picking
                   and
                   Squeezing
                   ,
                   which
                   hitherto
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   Pardonable
                   ,
                   or
                   Tollerable
                   ,
                   shall
                   no
                   longer
                   be
                   allowable
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   at
                   the
                   Tavern
                   ,
                   or
                   among
                   ordinary
                   People
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   little
                   or
                   no
                   nicety
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   no
                   Fruit
                   but
                   what
                   they
                   Buy
                   at
                   the
                   Market
                   :
                   And
                   even
                   there
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   those
                   Squeezers
                   ,
                   Squeeze
                   any
                   where
                   but
                   near
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   gently
                   too
                   ,
                   Sticking
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   which
                   yields
                   to
                   the
                   Thumb
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   that
                   one
                   Part
                   only
                   may
                   be
                   tainted
                   by
                   this
                   Squeezing
                   (
                   which
                   occasions
                   a
                   beginning
                   of
                   Rottenness
                   )
                   besides
                   they
                   may
                   assure
                   themselves
                   ,
                   that
                   whatever
                   Fruit
                   is
                   Ripe
                   near
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   so
                   every
                   where
                   .
                
                 
                   One
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   Considerable
                   Defects
                   I
                   am
                   to
                   Combat
                   here
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Precipitation
                   wherewith
                   I
                   observe
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   are
                   inclin'd
                   ,
                   to
                   begin
                   betimes
                   to
                   Cause
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   to
                   be
                   Eaten
                   ;
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   Common
                   than
                   to
                   see
                   that
                   when
                   People
                   have
                   begun
                   ill
                   ,
                   they
                   continue
                   during
                   all
                   the
                   Season
                   to
                   Eat
                   their
                   Fruit
                   ill
                   Condition'd
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   as
                   Naturally
                   the
                   desire
                   of
                   Eating
                   Fruit
                   continues
                   from
                   the
                   Moment
                   we
                   have
                   begun
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   commonly
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   gathering
                   the
                   Second
                   or
                   Third
                   time
                   we
                   commit
                   the
                   same
                   Fault
                   we
                   had
                   been
                   guilty
                   of
                   at
                   the
                   First
                   ;
                   whereas
                   if
                   we
                   tarry
                   to
                   Eat
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   Season
                   until
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   sufficient
                   quantity
                   Ripe
                   to
                   give
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   ever
                   after
                   the
                   satisfaction
                   of
                   Eating
                   none
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   incomparably
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   I
                   advise
                   all
                   Gard'ners
                   never
                   to
                   begin
                   gathering
                   until
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   visible
                   Appearance
                   of
                   a
                   happy
                   Continuance
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   likewise
                   to
                   Combat
                   another
                   great
                   Defect
                   ,
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   seldom
                   or
                   never
                   to
                   serve
                   any
                   Fruits
                   until
                   they
                   be
                   pass'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   those
                   is
                   very
                   considerable
                   :
                   Their
                   fear
                   of
                   its
                   not
                   lasting
                   long
                   enough
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   not
                   having
                   enough
                   for
                   some
                   occasion
                   or
                   other
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   their
                   Ignorance
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   occasions
                   all
                   this
                   disorder
                   :
                   Therefore
                   I
                   will
                   Endeavour
                   to
                   Remedy
                   those
                   two
                   Defects
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   But
                   first
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   to
                   admire
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   Providence
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   succession
                   of
                   that
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   see
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   commonly
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   one
                   Ripen
                   in
                   one
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   in
                   another
                   ;
                   but
                   also
                   in
                   what
                   relates
                   to
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   the
                   succession
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Tree
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   conducts
                   to
                   Maturity
                   by
                   degrees
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   really
                   intended
                   to
                   allow
                   Man
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   of
                   whom
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   produc'd
                   them
                   ,
                   time
                   to
                   consume
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   without
                   suffering
                   any
                   to
                   perish
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                   indeed
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   observable
                   ,
                   that
                   Nature
                   likewise
                   observes
                   the
                   same
                   Order
                   for
                   the
                   forming
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   opening
                   of
                   the
                   Blossoms
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   Plants
                   ,
                   which
                   produce
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   does
                   for
                   Plants
                   which
                   only
                   produce
                   Flowers
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   
                     Hiacints
                     ,
                     Tuberoses
                     ,
                     Carnations
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   the
                   Buds
                   whereof
                   only
                   open
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   design'd
                   thereby
                   ,
                   the
                   longer
                   to
                   delight
                   the
                   Senses
                   of
                   Humane
                   Creatures
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   effect
                   ,
                   tho'
                   every
                   Blossom
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   does
                   not
                   commonly
                   last
                   above
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   days
                   in
                   its
                   perfection
                   ,
                   yet
                   every
                   Tree
                   appears
                   in
                   Blossom
                   for
                   a
                   Fortnight
                   ,
                   or
                   three
                   Weeks
                   together
                   ,
                   which
                   certainly
                   proceeds
                   from
                   that
                   the
                   Blossoms
                   are
                   Originally
                   form'd
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   open
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ;
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   form'd
                   first
                   ,
                   open
                   first
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   that
                   Blossom
                   first
                   ,
                   have
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   producing
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   ripen
                   first
                   ;
                   thus
                   the
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   like
                   so
                   many
                   younger
                   Sisters
                   ,
                   successively
                   form'd
                   after
                   the
                   Elder
                   ,
                   seem
                   to
                   perfect
                   themselves
                   ,
                   while
                   those
                   delight
                   our
                   Eyes
                   ;
                   those
                   second
                   ,
                   and
                   third
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   a
                   well-regulated
                   Family
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   open
                   ,
                   and
                   shew
                   themselves
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Elders
                   have
                   had
                   their
                   Career
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   those
                   Elder
                   fading
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   produce
                   the
                   first
                   Fruits
                   of
                   their
                   Season
                   ,
                   the
                   young
                   ones
                   appear
                   ,
                   to
                   form
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   and
                   third
                   ,
                   in
                   Ripening
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Although
                   we
                   have
                   observ'd
                   in
                   every
                   Tree
                   an
                   order
                   in
                   the
                   succession
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   each
                   other
                   ;
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   find
                   this
                   same
                   Order
                   of
                   Succession
                   of
                   Maturity
                   observ'd
                   for
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   another
                   Tree
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   certain
                   kind
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   another
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   another
                   certain
                   kind
                   ,
                   whether
                   both
                   have
                   Blossom'd
                   at
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   or
                   whether
                   the
                   one
                   have
                   Blossom'd
                   sooner
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   later
                   :
                   For
                   instance
                   ,
                   all
                   
                     Peach-Trees
                     Blossom
                  
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   some
                   Peaches
                   Ripen
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   do
                   not
                   Ripen
                   'till
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   October
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   other
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   either
                   
                     Pear
                     ,
                     Apple
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Plum-Trees
                     Blossom
                  
                   almost
                   all
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   that
                   kind
                   which
                   Blossoms
                   first
                   ,
                   does
                   not
                   always
                   Ripen
                   first
                   ;
                   Nature
                   Orders
                   it
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   can
                   give
                   no
                   Reason
                   for
                   :
                   The
                   Pear
                   of
                   Naples
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   the
                   last
                   which
                   comes
                   to
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   most
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruits
                   ripen
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   is
                   likewise
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   Aurora
                   Ushers
                   in
                   ,
                   or
                   declares
                   the
                   coming
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   is
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   or
                   preceeded
                   by
                   some
                   particular
                   marks
                   ,
                   the
                   knowledge
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   it
                   my
                   business
                   to
                   study
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   shall
                   oblige
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   by
                   acquainting
                   them
                   with
                   my
                   Observations
                   .
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   certainly
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   exact
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   precise
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   just
                   maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   :
                   Nothing
                   is
                   so
                   common
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   deceiv'd
                   therein
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   either
                   in
                   gathering
                   them
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   late
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Point
                   of
                   Maturity
                   is
                   so
                   momentary
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   white
                   Butter-Pear
                   ,
                   the
                   Maudlin-Pear
                   ,
                   the
                   Doyeinné
                   ,
                   the
                   White
                   of
                   
                     Andilly
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   that
                   whatever
                   Care
                   be
                   taken
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   impossible
                   to
                   hit
                   that
                   Point
                   of
                   Maturity
                   exactly
                   ,
                   it
                   passes
                   so
                   swiftly
                   ,
                   when
                   once
                   't
                   is
                   come
                   ;
                   neither
                   am
                   I
                   fond
                   of
                   having
                   many
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   delightful
                   than
                   to
                   eat
                   well-condition'd
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   disagreeable
                   than
                   to
                   eat
                   them
                   green
                   ,
                   or
                   over-ripe
                   :
                   Not
                   but
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   this
                   last
                   defect
                   is
                   less
                   tolerable
                   than
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   all
                   Fruit
                   that
                   is
                   over-ripe
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   having
                   any
                   tast
                   ,
                   is
                   commonly
                   insipid
                   ,
                   and
                   mealy
                   ;
                   whereas
                   Fruit
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   quite
                   ripe
                   enough
                   ,
                   though
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   it
                   may
                   set
                   the
                   Teeth
                   on
                   edge
                   ,
                   yet
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   it
                   discovers
                   part
                   of
                   its
                   Vertue
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   briskness
                   of
                   its
                   tast
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   its
                   Pulp
                   drawing
                   near
                   perfection
                   ;
                   most
                   Women
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   of
                   my
                   Opinion
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   this
                   particular
                   Case
                   of
                   Maturity
                   we
                   have
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   moment
                   they
                   are
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   all
                   Stone
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   some
                   Summer
                   -
                   Pears
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Red
                   -
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   &c.
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   should
                   be
                   gather'd
                   until
                   they
                   be
                   ripe
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   ,
                   that
                   how
                   little
                   time
                   soever
                   their
                   Maturity
                   may
                   last
                   ,
                   they
                   preserve
                   themselves
                   much
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   longer
                   upon
                   the
                   Stock
                   than
                   they
                   would
                   do
                   being
                   gather'd
                   :
                   There
                   are
                   other
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   only
                   good
                   sometime
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   most
                   Kernel
                   -
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   Mellow
                   ,
                   and
                   constantly
                   all
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   and
                   Winter
                   -
                   Fruits
                   .
                   In
                   Order
                   to
                   give
                   true
                   Rules
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   begin
                   here
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   eaten
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   I
                   shall
                   not
                   mention
                   the
                   others
                   ,
                   until
                   I
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Store-Houses
                   ,
                   or
                   Fruit-Rooms
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     judge
                     of
                     the
                     Maturity
                     and
                     Goodness
                     of
                     Fruits
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THree
                   of
                   our
                   Senses
                   have
                   the
                   gift
                   of
                   judging
                   of
                   the
                   appearances
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     Viz.
                  
                   Sight
                   ,
                   Feeling
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   Smelling
                   for
                   some
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   only
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   the
                   appearances
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Tast
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   and
                   real
                   Judge
                   to
                   whom
                   it
                   belongs
                   to
                   Judge
                   Solidly
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   appeal
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   known
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Fruits
                   which
                   are
                   neither
                   good
                   nor
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   Pallat
                   ,
                   tho'
                   actually
                   ripe
                   .
                
                 
                   Sometimes
                   one
                   Sense
                   alone
                   is
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   to
                   Judge
                   certainly
                   of
                   the
                   appearances
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   of
                   the
                   reality
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   the
                   Eye
                   alone
                   suffices
                   for
                   all
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   &c.
                   it
                   Judges
                   with
                   certainty
                   of
                   the
                   Ripeness
                   of
                   a
                   Cherry
                   ,
                   a
                   Strawberry
                   ,
                   a
                   Raspberry
                   ,
                   a
                   Bunch
                   of
                   Red
                   ,
                   or
                   Black
                   Grapes
                   ;
                   when
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   are
                   all
                   over
                   Painted
                   with
                   that
                   fine
                   Colour
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   natural
                   to
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   when
                   any
                   part
                   does
                   want
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Eye
                   thereby
                   judges
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   infallible
                   Mark
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   is
                   not
                   yet
                   arriv'd
                   to
                   its
                   just
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   likewise
                   ,
                   Feeling
                   alone
                   judges
                   very
                   well
                   of
                   the
                   apparent
                   and
                   effective
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Tender
                   Mellow
                   Pears
                   ,
                   whatever
                   they
                   be
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   even
                   the
                   Blind
                   are
                   as
                   able
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   it
                   by
                   feeling
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   most
                   clear
                   Sighted
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   seeing
                   ,
                   and
                   touching
                   .
                
                 
                   Sometimes
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   imploy
                   two
                   of
                   our
                   Senses
                   ,
                   Seeing
                   ,
                   and
                   Feeling
                   ,
                   barely
                   to
                   Judge
                   of
                   the
                   appearance
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   for
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   Apricocks
                   ,
                   it
                   not
                   being
                   sufficient
                   for
                   a
                   Peach
                   to
                   appear
                   ripe
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   by
                   its
                   Beautiful
                   Colour
                   ,
                   red
                   on
                   the
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   yellowish
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   thereby
                   to
                   judge
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   fit
                   for
                   gathering
                   ;
                   neither
                   does
                   it
                   suffice
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   without
                   Stalks
                   ,
                   besides
                   this
                   fine
                   Colouring
                   ,
                   though
                   commonly
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   good
                   Mark
                   ,
                   the
                   Stalk
                   always
                   sticking
                   to
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   until
                   their
                   being
                   ripe
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   the
                   Fruit
                   quits
                   it
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Stalk
                   remains
                   fix'd
                   to
                   the
                   Tree
                   ;
                   but
                   whereas
                   this
                   Stalk
                   may
                   have
                   been
                   sever'd
                   violently
                   ,
                   their
                   appearing
                   without
                   a
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   prove
                   a
                   false
                   Mark
                   of
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Signs
                   alone
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   are
                   not
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   to
                   Judge
                   absolutely
                   by
                   the
                   Eye
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   the
                   Hand
                   must
                   likewise
                   act
                   its
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   concur
                   therein
                   ,
                   tho'
                   not
                   to
                   touch
                   it
                   roughly
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   (
                   nothing
                   is
                   more
                   offensive
                   to
                   me
                   than
                   those
                   Gropers
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   to
                   gather
                   one
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Mind
                   ,
                   will
                   spoil
                   a
                   hundred
                   by
                   the
                   violent
                   impression
                   of
                   their
                   Unskillful
                   Thumb
                   )
                   but
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Hand
                   play
                   its
                   part
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   I
                   shall
                   explain
                   hereafter
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Hand
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   us'd
                   for
                   a
                   Peach
                   that
                   is
                   ready
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   certain
                   it
                   was
                   gather'd
                   by
                   a
                   Skillful
                   Hand
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   perform'd
                   very
                   gently
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   Stalk
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   case
                   it
                   be
                   a
                   Fig
                   ,
                   whether
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   allowable
                   to
                   touch
                   it
                   gently
                   with
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Finger
                   ,
                   almost
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   a
                   Chyrurgeon
                   feels
                   for
                   the
                   Vein
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Bleed
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   case
                   that
                   Fig
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   appear'd
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   of
                   a
                   yellowish
                   Colour
                   ,
                   a
                   shrivel'd
                   Rind
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   Crannies
                   ,
                   the
                   Head
                   hanging
                   down
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Body
                   shrunk
                   ,
                   likewise
                   appears
                   very
                   Mellow
                   under
                   the
                   Finger
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   being
                   still
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   loosen'd
                   by
                   the
                   least
                   motion
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   sit
                   for
                   gathering
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   doubt
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   good
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   all
                   those
                   fine
                   appearances
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   this
                   Mystery
                   ,
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   easily
                   quit
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   gathering
                   of
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   deferr'd
                   for
                   some
                   days
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   never
                   perfectly
                   good
                   ,
                   while
                   it
                   resists
                   in
                   gathering
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   a
                   Fig
                   having
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   Marks
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   gather'd
                   by
                   a
                   Skillful
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   afterwards
                   presented
                   to
                   any
                   body
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   freely
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   rough
                   feeling
                   ,
                   judge
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   receive
                   ,
                   and
                   eat
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   may
                   say
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   of
                   a
                   Plum
                   ready
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   besides
                   the
                   Beautiful
                   Colour
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   ,
                   which
                   satisfies
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Mellowness
                   which
                   Skillful
                   Fingers
                   have
                   discover'd
                   ,
                   without
                   offering
                   it
                   any
                   violence
                   ,
                   it
                   proves
                   without
                   a
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   little
                   shrivel'd
                   ,
                   and
                   wither'd
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   ;
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   inferr'd
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   fit
                   to
                   take
                   .
                
                 
                   Likewise
                   if
                   this
                   Plum
                   being
                   still
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   finely
                   Colour'd
                   for
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   Mellow
                   for
                   the
                   Finger
                   ,
                   comes
                   off
                   with
                   ease
                   ,
                   without
                   a
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   without
                   doubt
                   fully
                   ripe
                   ,
                   but
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                   like
                   the
                   Fig
                   ,
                   itmust
                   be
                   left
                   some
                   days
                   longer
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Two
                   things
                   may
                   be
                   inferr'd
                   from
                   this
                   remark
                   about
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   not
                   stick
                   to
                   some
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   ripe
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Straw-berries
                     ,
                     Raspberries
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   insomuch
                   that
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   should
                   be
                   eaten
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   Stalk
                   sticks
                   close
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   stick
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   tho'
                   never
                   so
                   ripe
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   to
                   
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Apples
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Stalks
                   serve
                   as
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Ornament
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   being
                   without
                   it
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Defect
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   demonstrated
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   some
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   the
                   Eye
                   alone
                   is
                   sufficient
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   Tender
                   Mellow
                   Pears
                   ,
                   the
                   feeling
                   only
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   that
                   some
                   others
                   require
                   both
                   Seeing
                   ,
                   and
                   Feeling
                   ,
                   
                     Viz.
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   we
                   may
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   still
                   some
                   others
                   in
                   which
                   Smelling
                   may
                   be
                   admitted
                   with
                   Sight
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Judge
                   with
                   more
                   certainty
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   Melons
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   approv'd
                   their
                   Colour
                   ,
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   and
                   Beautiful
                   Figure
                   ,
                   and
                   examin'd
                   their
                   Ponderousness
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   improper
                   to
                   smell
                   to
                   them
                   before
                   we
                   cut
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   thought
                   ,
                   thereby
                   to
                   judge
                   with
                   more
                   certainty
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   Goodness
                   ,
                   tho'
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   I
                   am
                   convinc'd
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   best
                   scent
                   ,
                   or
                   savour
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   commonly
                   the
                   best
                   :
                   This
                   Maxim
                   is
                   sufficiently
                   well
                   establish'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Marks
                   above
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   to
                   distinguish
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   may
                   chance
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   certain
                   ,
                   and
                   infallible
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Exteriour
                   Signs
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   term'd
                   Signs
                   of
                   Phisiognomy
                   ,
                   and
                   Consequently
                   deceitful
                   ,
                   something
                   more
                   is
                   necessary
                   in
                   this
                   Case
                   ,
                   it
                   requires
                   matter
                   of
                   Fact
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   Tast
                   only
                   can
                   decide
                   in
                   this
                   Point
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   that
                   Expression
                   ,
                   that
                   only
                   can
                   affix
                   the
                   Seal
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Character
                   of
                   an
                   absolute
                   Decree
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   Pronounc'd
                   ,
                   particularly
                   in
                   the
                   Case
                   of
                   Goodness
                   ;
                   for
                   let
                   the
                   Exteriour
                   Marks
                   be
                   never
                   so
                   favourable
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   
                     Peach
                     ,
                     Plum
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Melon
                   please
                   the
                   Pallat
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   pleas'd
                   the
                   other
                   Senses
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   sometimes
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Preliminaries
                   are
                   useless
                   ;
                   therefore
                   we
                   must
                   submit
                   all
                   to
                   the
                   Pallat
                   ,
                   however
                   with
                   this
                   scruple
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   cannot
                   remove
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   establishing
                   of
                   real
                   goodness
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   Tasts
                   are
                   very
                   different
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   thing
                   which
                   may
                   please
                   one
                   Man's
                   Pallat
                   ,
                   may
                   displease
                   another's
                   :
                   But
                   this
                   discussion
                   is
                   out
                   of
                   my
                   Province
                   ;
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Maxim
                   
                     (
                     de
                     Gustibus
                  
                   )
                   forbids
                   my
                   medling
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   I
                   can
                   only
                   speak
                   of
                   my
                   own
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   applaud
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   the
                   good
                   Fortune
                   of
                   liking
                   that
                   which
                   does
                   not
                   seem
                   good
                   to
                   me
                   :
                   It
                   would
                   be
                   Ridiculous
                   in
                   me
                   to
                   endeavour
                   disabusing
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   since
                   probably
                   I
                   shou'd
                   only
                   lose
                   my
                   labour
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Causes
                     of
                     the
                     forwardness
                     ,
                     or
                     backwardness
                     of
                     Maturity
                     ,
                     in
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Fruits
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Fruits
                   Ripen
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   later
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   and
                   May
                   are
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   warm
                   ,
                   to
                   cause
                   the
                   Trees
                   to
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   or
                   Knit
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   those
                   Fruits
                   grow
                   against
                   a
                   good
                   Wall
                   ,
                   or
                   good
                   Shelter
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   or
                   East
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   particularly
                   according
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   hot
                   Climate
                   ,
                   and
                   light
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   which
                   Considerations
                   are
                   very
                   material
                   for
                   the
                   forwardness
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   and
                   May
                   proving
                   hot
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   knitting
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   consequently
                   ripen
                   the
                   sooner
                   ;
                   witness
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   Melons
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   undeniable
                   Truth
                   ;
                   Fruits
                   being
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   like
                   Bread
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   its
                   being
                   Bak'd
                   the
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   later
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Oven
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   tho'
                   knit
                   betimes
                   ,
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   or
                   only
                   against
                   some
                   Walls
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     North
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   they
                   will
                   advance
                   but
                   little
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   heats
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   ,
                   if
                   notwithstanding
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   a
                   pretty
                   hot
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   happy
                   exposure
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   a
                   Cold
                   Climate
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   tho'
                   in
                   a
                   moderate
                   Clime
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   being
                   Course
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   Cold
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   ripen
                   so
                   soon
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   which
                   have
                   all
                   things
                   favourable
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ripen
                   sooner
                   ,
                   in
                   Languedoc
                   ,
                   and
                   Provence
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   hot
                   Soils
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Paris
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   
                     Paris
                     Fruits
                  
                   Ripen
                   much
                   sooner
                   within
                   the
                   City
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Subburbs
                   of
                   St.
                   Anthony
                   ,
                   and
                   St.
                   
                   Germans
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   at
                   Vincennes
                   ,
                   at
                   
                     Maisons
                     ,
                     Carriere
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   where
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   hot
                   ,
                   than
                   they
                   do
                   at
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   course
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   those
                   places
                   are
                   too
                   near
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   to
                   impute
                   those
                   differences
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   Maturity
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   difference
                   between
                   the
                   immediate
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   immediate
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Fire
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Meat
                   it
                   Rosts
                   ,
                   or
                   Boils
                   ,
                   Fire
                   first
                   affecting
                   the
                   Exteriour
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Meat
                   which
                   are
                   nearest
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   before
                   it
                   performs
                   its
                   Function
                   on
                   the
                   inside
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   at
                   more
                   distance
                   ;
                   whereas
                   the
                   Sun
                   Ripens
                   the
                   inward
                   parts
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Exteriour
                   ;
                   in
                   effect
                   ,
                   the
                   inward
                   part
                   of
                   Fruits
                   always
                   Ripens
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   soften
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   commonly
                   is
                   the
                   soonest
                   spoil'd
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   I
                   may
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   declare
                   the
                   Reason
                   which
                   to
                   me
                   seems
                   most
                   plausible
                   in
                   this
                   Point
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   Maturity
                   proceeds
                   from
                   two
                   Causes
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   near
                   and
                   immediate
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   heated
                   Air
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   not
                   indirect
                   ,
                   and
                   distant
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   the
                   Sun
                   which
                   heats
                   that
                   Air
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Function
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   to
                   heat
                   the
                   Air
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Winds
                   will
                   allow
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Function
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   so
                   heated
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   impart
                   its
                   heat
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Plants
                   ;
                   this
                   Earth
                   thus
                   heated
                   ,
                   causes
                   first
                   the
                   Principle
                   of
                   Life
                   which
                   lies
                   near
                   the
                   Root
                   to
                   Act
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Root
                   it self
                   ,
                   which
                   consequently
                   prepares
                   Sap
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   put
                   in
                   Action
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Sap
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   rises
                   to
                   perform
                   its
                   Function
                   into
                   all
                   the
                   Superiour
                   parts
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   can
                   penetrate
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Air
                   of
                   every
                   Climate
                   is
                   in
                   probability
                   compos'd
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   considerably
                   mix'd
                   with
                   the
                   Vapours
                   ,
                   and
                   Exhalations
                   which
                   rise
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   of
                   that
                   Climate
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   my
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   Peoples
                   saying
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Air
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Country
                   is
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Air
                   of
                   such
                   another
                   is
                   bad
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   Air
                   is
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   easie
                   to
                   be
                   heated
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   from
                   which
                   those
                   Vapours
                   rise
                   ,
                   is
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   material
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   Vapours
                   participate
                   altogether
                   to
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   that
                   as
                   in
                   light
                   Earths
                   the
                   Air
                   sooner
                   receives
                   the
                   impression
                   of
                   heat
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   form'd
                   by
                   more
                   subtle
                   Vapours
                   ,
                   it
                   consequently
                   the
                   sooner
                   heats
                   both
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   Body
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Plant
                   it
                   nourishes
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Roots
                   being
                   sooner
                   heated
                   at
                   such
                   times
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   such
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Saps
                   being
                   sooner
                   prepar'd
                   ,
                   which
                   form
                   inwardly
                   in
                   those
                   Fruits
                   the
                   first
                   degrees
                   of
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   it
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   being
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   thick
                   ,
                   is
                   also
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   apt
                   to
                   receive
                   heat
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   degrees
                   of
                   heat
                   ,
                   it
                   either
                   advances
                   ,
                   or
                   does
                   not
                   advance
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   has
                   advanc'd
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   advanc'd
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   the
                   forwardness
                   ,
                   or
                   backwardness
                   of
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   depends
                   on
                   the
                   Conditions
                   above
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   muuch
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   must
                   all
                   Combine
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   Fruit
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Ripen
                   betimes
                   ,
                   must
                   Knit
                   betimes
                   ;
                   and
                   next
                   ,
                   must
                   meet
                   with
                   a
                   favourable
                   Exposure
                   ,
                   a
                   hot
                   Clime
                   ,
                   and
                   light
                   Earth
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Particular
                     Marks
                     of
                     Maturity
                     in
                     every
                     kind
                     of
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     first
                     of
                     Summer
                     -
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     which
                     Ripen
                     altogether
                     upon
                     the
                     Tree
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   ACcording
                   to
                   the
                   Natural
                   Order
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   Eldership
                   certainly
                   belongs
                   to
                   early
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   and
                   next
                   to
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Raspberries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Goosberries
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   The
                   first
                   commonly
                   begin
                   to
                   appear
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   little
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   later
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Conditions
                   we
                   have
                   Explain'd
                   ,
                   are
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   favourable
                   :
                   Strawberries
                   begin
                   to
                   Blossom
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   ,
                   in
                   good
                   Situations
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   cold
                   places
                   ,
                   not
                   before
                   the
                   latter
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May
                   ;
                   and
                   happily
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   those
                   small
                   Frosts
                   which
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   blacken
                   ,
                   and
                   spoil
                   those
                   first
                   Blossoms
                   intervening
                   ,
                   Ripe
                   Strawberries
                   may
                   be
                   expected
                   at
                   a
                   Months
                   end
                   :
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   early
                   Cherries
                   that
                   have
                   Blossom'd
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   expect
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   about
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   not
                   altogether
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   but
                   half
                   Red
                   ,
                   with
                   which
                   Colour
                   they
                   may
                   serve
                   as
                   well
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   attain'd
                   a
                   full
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   since
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   considerable
                   ,
                   and
                   valued
                   for
                   their
                   Novelty
                   ,
                   especially
                   by
                   Ladies
                   ;
                   
                   for
                   after
                   all
                   ,
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   a
                   little
                   colour'd
                   Cloak
                   ,
                   which
                   only
                   serves
                   to
                   cover
                   a
                   little
                   sower
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   large
                   Stone
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   a
                   Confectioner
                   ,
                   to
                   require
                   an
                   Excellency
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   the
                   Sun
                   has
                   not
                   had
                   time
                   to
                   afford
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Trees
                   of
                   a
                   pretty
                   Cold
                   Climate
                   Blossom
                   almost
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   a
                   Climate
                   that
                   is
                   somewhat
                   hotter
                   ,
                   by
                   Reason
                   that
                   the
                   opening
                   of
                   those
                   Blossoms
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   independantly
                   from
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   witness
                   the
                   Branches
                   that
                   Blossom
                   ,
                   being
                   Cut
                   ,
                   (
                   the
                   bare
                   force
                   of
                   the
                   Rarefaction
                   caus'd
                   in
                   the
                   Bud
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   presence
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   producing
                   this
                   Effect
                   )
                   but
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   every
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   it
                   can
                   only
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   and
                   perfected
                   ;
                   First
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   Concurrency
                   of
                   the
                   Operation
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   degree
                   of
                   Heat
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Perfection
                   of
                   that
                   Master-piece
                   :
                   Now
                   this
                   Heat
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   can
                   only
                   proceed
                   regularly
                   from
                   the
                   Rays
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   I
                   dare
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   been
                   so
                   happy
                   as
                   to
                   imitate
                   it
                   in
                   little
                   for
                   some
                   small
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   some
                   to
                   Ripen
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Weeks
                   before
                   their
                   time
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   Pease
                   in
                   
                     April
                     ,
                     Figs
                  
                   in
                   
                     June
                     ,
                     Asparagus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Cabbage-Lettuce
                   in
                   
                     December
                     ,
                     January
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   we
                   can
                   find
                   no
                   facilitations
                   to
                   imitate
                   this
                   Heat
                   in
                   Great
                   ,
                   to
                   cause
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   Large
                   Trees
                   to
                   Ripen
                   in
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   manner
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   apparent
                   ,
                   that
                   tho'
                   Nature
                   has
                   abandon'd
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   leaving
                   it
                   in
                   our
                   Power
                   to
                   Heat
                   some
                   Portion
                   thereof
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   produce
                   against
                   its
                   will
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   a
                   Foreign
                   borrow'd
                   Heat
                   ,
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   ;
                   has
                   ,
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   reserv'd
                   to
                   it self
                   in
                   a
                   particular
                   manner
                   ,
                   the
                   Universal
                   Faculty
                   of
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   this
                   maturity
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Finisher
                   ,
                   and
                   Perfection
                   of
                   the
                   production
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   that
                   without
                   it
                   ,
                   all
                   our
                   Cares
                   and
                   Industry
                   for
                   the
                   generality
                   ,
                   only
                   afford
                   us
                   some
                   hopes
                   ,
                   which
                   often
                   prove
                   false
                   ,
                   and
                   deluding
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   heretofore
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   begin
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   early
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   those
                   small
                   Fruits
                   have
                   an
                   open
                   Field
                   at
                   that
                   Time
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   that
                   appear
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   grace
                   our
                   Tables
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Rival'd
                   by
                   no
                   others
                   until
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   displaying
                   or
                   opening
                   the
                   Grand
                   Magazine
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   and
                   these
                   remain
                   in
                   possession
                   until
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   and
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   July
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   early
                   Cherries
                   which
                   seldom
                   appear
                   but
                   in
                   China-Dishes
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   small
                   quantity
                   ,
                   are
                   follow'd
                   close
                   by
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   difference
                   ;
                   that
                   these
                   ,
                   to
                   endear
                   themselves
                   the
                   more
                   ,
                   above
                   the
                   Cherries
                   that
                   have
                   preceeded
                   them
                   ,
                   appear
                   with
                   a
                   Charming
                   scent
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   prodigious
                   quantity
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   in
                   full
                   Basons
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   think
                   themselves
                   disgrac'd
                   to
                   appear
                   as
                   poorly
                   attended
                   ,
                   as
                   their
                   Predecessors
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   these
                   Strawberries
                   some
                   are
                   Red
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   White
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   are
                   seldom
                   Ripe
                   until
                   they
                   are
                   grown
                   yellowish
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   others
                   are
                   never
                   good
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   are
                   perfectly
                   and
                   Universally
                   Red
                   ;
                   and
                   neither
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   eatable
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   attain'd
                   a
                   Considerable
                   size
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   by
                   the
                   by
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   Strawberries
                   that
                   are
                   soonest
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   Blossom'd
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   nearest
                   to
                   the
                   body
                   of
                   the
                   Plant
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   that
                   Blossom'd
                   first
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   draw
                   some
                   Instructions
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   our
                   getting
                   of
                   them
                   always
                   Finer
                   ,
                   Larger
                   ,
                   and
                   Better
                   ,
                   from
                   that
                   part
                   ,
                   than
                   otherwise
                   we
                   should
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Strawberries
                   that
                   grow
                   Naturally
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   which
                   most
                   People
                   are
                   fond
                   of
                   ,
                   are
                   accompany'd
                   towards
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   June
                   with
                   Red
                   and
                   White
                   
                     Raspberries
                     ,
                     Currans
                     ,
                     Hearts
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Plain
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   somewhat
                   earlier
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   so
                   good
                   ;
                   others
                   later
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   larger
                   ,
                   and
                   sweeter
                   ,
                   and
                   better
                   ,
                   either
                   Preserv'd
                   ,
                   or
                   Raw
                   :
                   Bigarreaux
                   also
                   come
                   in
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   
                   Morrello's
                   ,
                   but
                   commonly
                   they
                   both
                   tarry
                   until
                   the
                   hurry
                   of
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   is
                   somewhat
                   over
                   ;
                   not
                   but
                   they
                   might
                   appear
                   sooner
                   ,
                   for
                   really
                   those
                   Bigarreaux
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   Morrello's
                   are
                   admirable
                   Fruits
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   are
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   half
                   Red
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   others
                   do
                   not
                   attain
                   their
                   perfection
                   of
                   maturity
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   are
                   almost
                   Black.
                   The
                   order
                   of
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   Fruits
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   what
                   we
                   declar'd
                   for
                   the
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   Blossom'd
                   first
                   in
                   every
                   Tree
                   ,
                   likewise
                   Ripens
                   soonest
                   .
                
                 
                   Here
                   's
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   June
                   provided
                   for
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   call'd
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Reason
                   :
                   For
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   are
                   met
                   with
                   wherever
                   one
                   goes
                   ;
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   that
                   the
                   marks
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   is
                   that
                   Red
                   Colour
                   which
                   surrounds
                   them
                   ;
                   it
                   commonly
                   begins
                   at
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   immediately
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   soonest
                   Ripe
                   ;
                   In
                   fine
                   ,
                   by
                   degrees
                   that
                   Colour
                   spreads
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   liveliness
                   of
                   that
                   Red
                   begins
                   to
                   turn
                   to
                   an
                   obscure
                   Red
                   ,
                   excepting
                   only
                   the
                   
                   Morello's
                   ,
                   they
                   draw
                   towards
                   Corruption
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Among
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   Stones
                   ,
                   tho'
                   never
                   so
                   ripe
                   ,
                   do
                   not
                   easily
                   loosen
                   from
                   the
                   Branch
                   ,
                   as
                   other
                   Fruits
                   do
                   ,
                   they
                   wither
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   falling
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   pluck'd
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   some
                   Violence
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   should
                   be
                   the
                   only
                   ones
                   during
                   the
                   whole
                   Month
                   of
                   June
                   to
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   Stage
                   of
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   some
                   Espaliers
                   ,
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   in
                   Dry
                   Sandy
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   begin
                   to
                   produce
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   June
                   some
                   little
                   Muscat-Pears
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   early
                   Musck-Peaches
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   small
                   Pears
                   are
                   Extraordinary
                   good
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   allow'd
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Ripening
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   marks
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   appear
                   in
                   them
                   as
                   in
                   all
                   other
                   Pears
                   of
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   near
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   which
                   part
                   must
                   appear
                   a
                   little
                   yellowish
                   ,
                   and
                   somewhat
                   Transparent
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   greater
                   mark
                   of
                   full
                   maturity
                   ,
                   that
                   yellowness
                   must
                   appear
                   a
                   little
                   through
                   a
                   certain
                   Tan'd
                   Colour
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   certain
                   Red
                   ,
                   which
                   covers
                   the
                   remainder
                   of
                   the
                   Rind
                   ;
                   and
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   begin
                   to
                   drop
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   exterior
                   violence
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   proper
                   to
                   gather
                   ,
                   and
                   eat
                   them
                   .
                   I
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   declar'd
                   my
                   Opinion
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   that
                   Pear
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Choice
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   People
                   do
                   not
                   allow
                   themselves
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   examining
                   about
                   the
                   Stalk
                   of
                   the
                   Pears
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   ;
                   they
                   must
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   judge
                   by
                   the
                   natural
                   dropping
                   of
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Pears
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   the
                   Worms
                   must
                   have
                   no
                   share
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   must
                   neither
                   be
                   grown
                   upon
                   a
                   sick
                   Tree
                   ,
                   nor
                   upon
                   a
                   sick
                   
                     Branch
                     ;
                     Pears
                  
                   that
                   are
                   infected
                   with
                   Worms
                   drop
                   soonest
                   ,
                   and
                   soonest
                   seem
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   without
                   really
                   being
                   so
                   ,
                   their
                   defect
                   is
                   not
                   much
                   conceal'd
                   ,
                   it
                   appears
                   generally
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Eye
                   of
                   the
                   Pear
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   does
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   depending
                   upon
                   it
                   for
                   good
                   Fruit.
                   
                
                 
                   All
                   manner
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   borh
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   Kernel
                   ,
                   Ripen
                   sooner
                   upon
                   sickly
                   Trees
                   ,
                   than
                   upon
                   sound
                   ones
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   suffer
                   our selves
                   to
                   be
                   deceiv'd
                   by
                   the
                   size
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   those
                   languishing
                   Trees
                   are
                   larger
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   grow
                   upon
                   Vigorous
                   Trees
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   that
                   Largeness
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   a
                   swelling
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Dropsie
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   that
                   the
                   Pulp
                   of
                   those
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   larger
                   than
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   is
                   generally
                   insipid
                   ,
                   or
                   bitter
                   ,
                   and
                   disgusting
                   .
                
                 
                   Peaches
                   that
                   drop
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   are
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   been
                   saying
                   of
                   Pears
                   ;
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   Peaches
                   which
                   drop
                   thus
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   loosen
                   ,
                   are
                   commonly
                   pass'd
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   naught
                   ,
                   in
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   presented
                   as
                   good
                   to
                   any
                   body
                   ,
                   tho'
                   not
                   bruis'd
                   by
                   the
                   fall
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   commonly
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   that
                   Rule
                   does
                   not
                   commonly
                   extend
                   to
                   small
                   Peaches
                   in
                   their
                   kind
                   ,
                   nor
                   especially
                   to
                   early
                   or
                   late
                   Purple
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   Pavies
                   ;
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   which
                   can
                   hardly
                   ever
                   be
                   too
                   ripe
                   ,
                   are
                   commonly
                   very
                   good
                   when
                   they
                   drop
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   drop
                   without
                   being
                   shook
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   good
                   mark
                   of
                   their
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   thing
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   since
                   we
                   always
                   shake
                   Plum-Trees
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   get
                   good
                   Plums
                   ;
                   tho'
                   indeed
                   this
                   Method
                   is
                   more
                   particularly
                   for
                   common
                   Plums
                   ,
                   than
                   for
                   
                     Perdrigons
                     ,
                     Rochecourbons
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Principal
                   Plums
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   Chief
                   Excellencies
                   consisting
                   in
                   the
                   Flowry
                   Beauty
                   of
                   their
                   Complexion
                   ,
                   the
                   which
                   excites
                   the
                   Appetite
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   moderate
                   :
                   A
                   fall
                   ,
                   or
                   their
                   being
                   finger'd
                   too
                   much
                   ,
                   spoils
                   that
                   Flower
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   preserv'd
                   carefully
                   ;
                   therefore
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   really
                   Curious
                   ,
                   never
                   touch
                   them
                   otherwise
                   than
                   with
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   two
                   Fingers
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   return
                   to
                   our
                   early
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Part
                   which
                   ripens
                   first
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   all
                   other
                   
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Apricooks
                     ,
                     Melons
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   is
                   commonly
                   the
                   inward
                   part
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   nearest
                   to
                   the
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   moreover
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   them
                   appears
                   first
                   ripe
                   to
                   the
                   eye
                   ,
                   is
                   directly
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   of
                   Pears
                   ;
                   for
                   whereas
                   in
                   Pears
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   nearest
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ripens
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   the
                   Extremity
                   which
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   that
                   part
                   enjoys
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   longer
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   the
                   Beams
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   lay
                   upon
                   no
                   part
                   of
                   these
                   early
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   it
                   seems
                   that
                   the
                   heat
                   which
                   Reigns
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   ripens
                   them
                   all
                   over
                   equally
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   begin
                   to
                   Judge
                   of
                   their
                   approaching
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   perceive
                   that
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   thicken
                   extreamly
                   (
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   taking
                   Pulp
                   )
                   and
                   when
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   their
                   green
                   whitens
                   considerably
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   down
                   begins
                   to
                   fall
                   ;
                   but
                   unfortunately
                   for
                   those
                   poor
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   for
                   Nice
                   Pallats
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   Skill
                   ;
                   those
                   first
                   appearances
                   of
                   maturity
                   are
                   commonly
                   mistaken
                   for
                   perfect
                   maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   they
                   are
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   still
                   as
                   hard
                   as
                   Stones
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   staying
                   until
                   they
                   are
                   grown
                   Mellow
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   ,
                   excepting
                   a
                   few
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   serv'd
                   pretty
                   unseasonably
                   ,
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   pass
                   through
                   the
                   fire
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   appear
                   at
                   Table
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   must
                   not
                   omit
                   saying
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Peaches
                   which
                   do
                   not
                   attain
                   the
                   size
                   their
                   kind
                   requires
                   ,
                   commonly
                   drop
                   before
                   their
                   being
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   seem
                   to
                   ripen
                   ,
                   
                   their
                   Rind
                   remains
                   downy
                   ,
                   their
                   Pulp
                   green
                   ,
                   their
                   Water
                   bitter
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Stone
                   Larger
                   than
                   those
                   which
                   have
                   taken
                   more
                   Pulp
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   must
                   I
                   forget
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   a
                   little
                   after
                   the
                   knitting
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   generally
                   a
                   considerable
                   part
                   of
                   it
                   drops
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   the
                   maturity
                   approaches
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   fall
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   about
                   a
                   Fortnight
                   ,
                   or
                   Three
                   Weeks
                   before
                   that
                   maturity
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   Tree
                   was
                   sensible
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   over-burthen'd
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   thereby
                   give
                   us
                   notice
                   that
                   the
                   good
                   time
                   is
                   approaching
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   it
                   is
                   commonly
                   observ'd
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   good
                   number
                   of
                   Large
                   Fruits
                   drop
                   ,
                   whereby
                   those
                   that
                   remain
                   ,
                   grow
                   the
                   finer
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   better
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   it
                   had
                   been
                   much
                   the
                   better
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   had
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   taken
                   Care
                   to
                   perform
                   what
                   time
                   has
                   now
                   done
                   .
                
                 
                   People
                   are
                   overjoy'd
                   to
                   see
                   those
                   early
                   Peaches
                   ripe
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   enjoy
                   them
                   long
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   difficult
                   ,
                   provided
                   we
                   have
                   several
                   Trees
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   different
                   Exposures
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   incomparable
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   well-Condition'd
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   size
                   ,
                   and
                   maturity
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   we
                   are
                   commonly
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   vexation
                   of
                   tarrying
                   until
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   July
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Peaches
                   that
                   succeed
                   these
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   we
                   call
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ;
                   which
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   throughly
                   ripe
                   ,
                   charm
                   every
                   body
                   by
                   the
                   fineness
                   of
                   their
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   the
                   perfume
                   of
                   their
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   deliciousness
                   of
                   their
                   Tast
                   ;
                   their
                   maturity
                   is
                   known
                   as
                   in
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   First
                   by
                   the
                   size
                   ,
                   Secondly
                   by
                   a
                   fine
                   red
                   Colour
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   which
                   is
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   light
                   Transparent
                   Yellow
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   parts
                   :
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   thin
                   ,
                   soft
                   ,
                   mellow
                   Rind
                   ,
                   somewhat
                   like
                   Satin
                   ;
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   marks
                   being
                   wanting
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   cannot
                   be
                   ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   gather'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   Troy-Peaches
                   are
                   often
                   abus'd
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   early
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   Peaches
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   gather'd
                   upon
                   the
                   least
                   Symptoms
                   ,
                   without
                   staying
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   attain'd
                   that
                   degree
                   of
                   goodness
                   ,
                   they
                   never
                   obtain
                   'till
                   they
                   are
                   throughly
                   ripe
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   defect
                   proceeds
                   ,
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   ignorance
                   ,
                   or
                   liquorishness
                   of
                   the
                   Person
                   ,
                   who
                   gathers
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   desire
                   to
                   eat
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   silly
                   avidity
                   of
                   gain
                   ,
                   which
                   reigns
                   in
                   the
                   Heart
                   ,
                   and
                   Eyes
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   uneasie
                   until
                   they
                   expose
                   them
                   to
                   sale
                   in
                   the
                   Market
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Month
                   of
                   July
                   affords
                   us
                   many
                   other
                   Fruits
                   besides
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   August
                   surpasses
                   it
                   in
                   point
                   of
                   abundance
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   affords
                   us
                   not
                   only
                   an
                   infinity
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   a
                   vast
                   quantity
                   of
                   Kernel
                   -
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   among
                   which
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Cuisse-Madame
                   ,
                   or
                   Lady-Thigh
                   ,
                   the
                   Gros-Blanquet
                   ,
                   the
                   Sans-Peau
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     without
                     Rind
                  
                   ,
                   The
                   Espargne
                   ,
                   or
                   Sparing
                   ,
                   the
                   Orange-Pears
                   ,
                   the
                   Summer-Bon-Chreitien
                   ,
                   the
                   Cassolets
                   ,
                   the
                   Robins
                   ,
                   the
                   Russettings
                   ,
                   &c.
                   the
                   maturity
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   known
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   their
                   dropping
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   resisting
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   yellow
                   colour
                   ,
                   which
                   appears
                   in
                   the
                   Rind
                   ,
                   especially
                   near
                   the
                   Stalk
                   .
                   Among
                   Plums
                   we
                   reckon
                   the
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Mirabelles
                     ,
                     Imperials
                  
                   ,
                   St.
                   
                     Catherine
                     ,
                     Roche-Courbon
                     ,
                     Queen
                     Claude
                     ,
                     Apricock-Plums
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   To
                   those
                   Plums
                   are
                   joyn'd
                   about
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   August
                   some
                   fine
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Viz.
                  
                   First
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Magdalens
                   ,
                   the
                   white
                   and
                   red
                   ,
                   the
                   Mignonne
                   ,
                   the
                   Bourdin
                   ,
                   the
                   Rossane
                   ,
                   &c.
                   all
                   which
                   are
                   large
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   Alberges
                   ,
                   both
                   red
                   ,
                   and
                   yellow
                   ,
                   the
                   Cherry-Peach
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   with
                   white
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   with
                   yellow
                   ,
                   &c.
                   those
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   succeed
                   them
                   ,
                   have
                   no
                   other
                   particular
                   marks
                   to
                   discover
                   their
                   maturity
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   mention'd
                   for
                   early
                   ,
                   and
                   Troy-Peaches
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   a
                   reasonable
                   size
                   ,
                   a
                   red
                   and
                   yellowish
                   colour
                   without
                   any
                   mixture
                   of
                   Green
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   their
                   coming
                   off
                   with
                   ease
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   pull
                   or
                   motion
                   of
                   a
                   Skilful
                   hand
                   ;
                   all
                   these
                   Fruits
                   are
                   fit
                   to
                   eat
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   and
                   require
                   no
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   ripen
                   ,
                   Peaches
                   never
                   ripening
                   off
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   vain
                   to
                   gather
                   them
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   a
                   day
                   or
                   two's
                   repose
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   injuring
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   affords
                   them
                   a
                   certain
                   coolness
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   they
                   cannot
                   acquire
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   remain
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Month
                   of
                   September
                   is
                   famous
                   for
                   a
                   world
                   of
                   the
                   Principal
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Chevreuse
                     ,
                     Hasty
                     Violet
                     ,
                     Persique
                     ,
                     Admirable
                     ,
                     Pourpree
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Purple-Peach
                     ,
                     Bellegarde
                     ,
                     White
                     d'Andilly
                     ,
                  
                   besides
                   Brugnons
                   ,
                   and
                   white
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   There
                   are
                   also
                   some
                   Summer
                   
                     Calville
                     Apples
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   good
                   Pears
                   ,
                   which
                   keep
                   these
                   Peaches
                   Company
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   eaten
                   off
                   the
                   
                     Tree
                     ,
                     Viz.
                  
                   The
                   Melting-Pear
                   of
                   Brest
                   ,
                   brown
                   Orange-Pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   At
                   least
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   keep
                   long
                   ,
                   the
                   Pears
                   grow
                   too
                   mellow
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Apples
                   grow
                   downy
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   Kernel
                   -
                   Fruit
                   will
                   begin
                   to
                   require
                   a
                   little
                   rest
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   squeeze
                   them
                   gently
                   with
                   the
                   Thumb
                   about
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   to
                   try
                   whether
                   they
                   yield
                   ,
                   or
                   no.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Month
                   of
                   October
                   is
                   likewise
                   to
                   be
                   valued
                   for
                   the
                   last
                   Admirable
                   Peaches
                   it
                   produces
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Air
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   
                     West
                     ,
                     Viz.
                  
                   The
                   Nivet
                   ,
                   and
                   latter
                   Violets
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Large
                   Red
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Yellow
                   Pavies
                   ,
                   without
                   omitting
                   the
                   fine
                   latter
                   yellow
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   all
                   growing
                   in
                   good
                   Expositions
                   .
                   The
                   
                     Butter-Pear
                     ,
                     Verte
                     Longue
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                     ,
                     
                     Doycnneé
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Deanery
                     ,
                     Lansac
                     ,
                     Green
                     Sugar-Pear
                     ,
                     Burgamot
                     ,
                     Vine-Pears
                     ,
                     Messire
                     John
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   begin
                   to
                   Signalize
                   themselves
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   kept
                   some
                   time
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ;
                   we
                   will
                   speak
                   more
                   particularly
                   of
                   this
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Store-Houses
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   improper
                   to
                   speak
                   about
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   preserving
                   ,
                   and
                   transporting
                   the
                   tender
                   Fruits
                   we
                   have
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   sound
                   ,
                   and
                   unbruis'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Situation
                     that
                     is
                     proper
                     for
                     the
                     Fruits
                     that
                     are
                     gather'd
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     Preserve
                     them
                     some
                     time
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IN
                   Order
                   to
                   end
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   begun
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   now
                   only
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   Preserving
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   can
                   be
                   ,
                   good
                   Fruits
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   transporting
                   them
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   :
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   preservation
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   such
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   not
                   gather'd
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   attain'd
                   a
                   full
                   maturity
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   being
                   extream
                   tender
                   and
                   puny
                   ,
                   make
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   acquiring
                   it
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Garden
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   losing
                   their
                   Lustre
                   and
                   Beauty
                   to
                   a
                   high
                   degree
                   ,
                   by
                   being
                   either
                   bruis'd
                   ,
                   rub'd
                   ,
                   scratch'd
                   ,
                   or
                   spotted
                   with
                   little
                   black
                   Spots
                   ;
                   such
                   are
                   your
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   Peaches
                   with
                   their
                   fine
                   Colour
                   ,
                   and
                   delicate
                   Pulp
                   ;
                   such
                   are
                   Plums
                   with
                   the
                   fine
                   flower
                   that
                   covers
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   Butter-Pears
                   that
                   are
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ;
                   This
                   has
                   no
                   relation
                   to
                   other
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   neither
                   so
                   choice
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Morello's
                     ,
                     Bigarreaux
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Nor
                   so
                   easily
                   spoil'd
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Melons
                     ,
                     Pavies
                  
                   ,
                   hard
                   Pears
                   ,
                   baking
                   Pears
                   ,
                   all
                   Apples
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   suppose
                   that
                   every
                   Fig
                   ,
                   every
                   Peach
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   Plum
                   has
                   been
                   gather'd
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Caution
                   I
                   have
                   heretofore
                   explain'd
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   taking
                   them
                   off
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   nothing
                   was
                   wanting
                   to
                   their
                   perfection
                   ;
                   I
                   also
                   suppose
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   gathering
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   care
                   has
                   been
                   taken
                   to
                   lay
                   them
                   in
                   Sives
                   ,
                   with
                   tender
                   soft
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   as
                   Vine-Leaves
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   all
                   asunder
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   no
                   wise
                   squeez'd
                   ,
                   nor
                   any
                   laid
                   a
                   top
                   of
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   the
                   upermost
                   would
                   be
                   capable
                   of
                   brusing
                   the
                   undermost
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   for
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   Figs
                   ,
                   for
                   Plums
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   heavy
                   as
                   to
                   hurt
                   one
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   preserve
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   some
                   days
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   days
                   ,
                   especially
                   the
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   either
                   in
                   Closets
                   ,
                   or
                   Store-Houses
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   very
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   clean
                   ,
                   and
                   full
                   of
                   Shelves
                   ,
                   the
                   Windows
                   being
                   always
                   open
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   very
                   Cold
                   weather
                   :
                   Hereafter
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   the
                   Conditions
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ;
                   you
                   must
                   lay
                   a
                   finger
                   thick
                   of
                   Moss
                   upon
                   those
                   Shelves
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   serve
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   for
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Quilt
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   that
                   the
                   Moss
                   be
                   very
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   no
                   ill
                   scent
                   ;
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   Peach
                   so
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   sinks
                   of
                   it self
                   into
                   the
                   Moss
                   ,
                   and
                   lies
                   softly
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   squeez'd
                   by
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   others
                   .
                   I
                   dare
                   affirm
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   with
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   as
                   with
                   Melons
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   better
                   to
                   eat
                   a
                   day
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   and
                   left
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   from
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   than
                   Just
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   are
                   lukewarm
                   :
                   Altho'
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   good
                   to
                   touch
                   Fruit
                   much
                   ,
                   either
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   yet
                   ,
                   provided
                   it
                   be
                   perform'd
                   by
                   a
                   Skilful
                   hand
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   prejudice
                   it
                   ;
                   therefore
                   ,
                   while
                   those
                   Peaches
                   lay
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   carefully
                   visited
                   once
                   a
                   day
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   whether
                   there
                   appears
                   no
                   marks
                   of
                   rottenness
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   removing
                   all
                   such
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   tainted
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   they
                   would
                   spoil
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   place
                   Fruits
                   well
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   not
                   those
                   regards
                   ,
                   lose
                   abundance
                   of
                   them
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   fault
                   :
                   the
                   best
                   situation
                   for
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   upon
                   Moss
                   ,
                   but
                   upon
                   the
                   part
                   which
                   Joyn'd
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   they
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   bruise
                   ;
                   Figs
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   sidewise
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   laid
                   upon
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   lose
                   their
                   best
                   juice
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Plums
                   ,
                   whereas
                   they
                   have
                   no
                   great
                   weight
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   laid
                   any
                   how
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Cherries
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   situation
                   for
                   Pears
                   ,
                   their
                   Figure
                   being
                   Pyramidal
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   plac'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Stalk
                   upwards
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   indifferent
                   whether
                   Apples
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   which
                   forms
                   a
                   perfect
                   Cube
                   ,
                   lay
                   upon
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   or
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   always
                   very
                   short
                   ,
                   both
                   these
                   Fruits
                   will
                   preserve
                   themselves
                   well
                   enough
                   upon
                   the
                   bare
                   boards
                   ,
                   besides
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   while
                   they
                   may
                   lie
                   upon
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   when
                   first
                   brought
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   approach
                   to
                   maturity
                   ;
                   but
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   allow
                   them
                   any
                   Bed
                   or
                   Covering
                   of
                   Straw
                   ,
                   or
                   Hay
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   ,
                   that
                   commonly
                   it
                   gives
                   them
                   an
                   ill
                   scent
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   way
                   for
                   Grapes
                   is
                   to
                   hang
                   them
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   fasten'd
                   to
                   a
                   packthread
                   ,
                   or
                   about
                   a
                   Hoop
                   ,
                   or
                   six'd
                   to
                   some
                   Beam
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   laid
                   safe
                   enough
                   upon
                   Straw
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   when
                   any
                   body
                   desires
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   until
                   
                     February
                     ,
                     March
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   April
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   gather'd
                   before
                   they
                   are
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   they
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   rot
                   too
                   soon
                   ;
                   besides
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   once
                   in
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   days
                   to
                   pick
                   all
                   the
                   rotten
                   ones
                   carefully
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   manner
                   of
                   Apples
                   will
                   last
                   until
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   until
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   June
                   ;
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   the
                   Reynettes
                   ,
                   or
                   French
                   
                     Peppins
                     ,
                     Apis
                     ,
                     Rose-Apples
                     ,
                     Francatie
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   Care
                   being
                   taken
                   that
                   the
                   greatest
                   Mark
                   of
                   their
                   maturity
                   commonly
                   consists
                   in
                   being
                   somewhat
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   excepting
                   the
                   Apples
                   of
                   Api
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rose-Apples
                   ,
                   which
                   never
                   wrinkle
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   known
                   to
                   be
                   ripe
                   when
                   all
                   the
                   green
                   which
                   appear'd
                   in
                   the
                   Rind
                   is
                   turn'd
                   yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   destiny
                   of
                   Pears
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   lasting
                   ,
                   is
                   very
                   different
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   last
                   longest
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   
                     Bon-Chrestiens
                     ,
                     St.
                     Lezin
                     ,
                     Dry-Martins
                     ,
                     Martin-Sires
                     ,
                     Baking-Pears
                     ,
                     Double-Blossoms
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   some
                   
                     Franc-reals
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   I
                   will
                   speak
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Store-Houses
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   have
                   set
                   down
                   elsewhere
                   which
                   are
                   commonly
                   the
                   Pears
                   of
                   every
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   useless
                   to
                   repeat
                   it
                   here
                   :
                   Red
                   Fruits
                   last
                   but
                   little
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   and
                   Raspberries
                   are
                   seldom
                   good
                   after
                   a
                   day
                   ,
                   
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Morello's
                     ,
                     Bigarreaux
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Currans
                   may
                   perhaps
                   last
                   a
                   day
                   longer
                   ;
                   good
                   Fruits
                   should
                   be
                   serv'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Table
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   situation
                   they
                   are
                   plac'd
                   in
                   the
                   Store-Houses
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   pretty
                   show
                   ,
                   excepting
                   only
                   Pears
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   require
                   some
                   agreeable
                   Cimetry
                   for
                   the
                   Construction
                   of
                   the
                   Pyramids
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   all
                   these
                   Precautions
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   may
                   be
                   easily
                   preserv'd
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   they
                   can
                   last
                   ,
                   nothing
                   can
                   prejudice
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   great
                   Winter
                   Frosts
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   dangerous
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   penetrate
                   into
                   the
                   Store-Houses
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   reach
                   the
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   Fruit
                   that
                   has
                   once
                   been
                   Frozen
                   ,
                   preserves
                   no
                   manner
                   of
                   goodness
                   ,
                   and
                   immediately
                   decays
                   ;
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   no
                   Store-Houses
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   necessary
                   regards
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   explain
                   in
                   the
                   sequel
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   have
                   only
                   a
                   Closet
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   ordinary
                   room
                   ,
                   are
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   losing
                   all
                   their
                   Fruit
                   in
                   bad
                   Weather
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   take
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   care
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   well
                   with
                   good
                   Blankets
                   ,
                   or
                   place
                   them
                   between
                   two
                   Quilts
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   carry
                   them
                   into
                   some
                   Cellar
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   danger
                   be
                   past
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   those
                   poor
                   Prisoners
                   are
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Dungeons
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   at
                   Liberty
                   again
                   in
                   their
                   former
                   Places
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Transportation
                     of
                     
                       Fruits
                       ..
                    
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   Difficulty
                   in
                   question
                   has
                   no
                   relation
                   to
                   any
                   Pears
                   ,
                   being
                   newly
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   any
                   hard
                   Baking
                   Pears
                   ,
                   tho'
                   ripe
                   ,
                   provided
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   they
                   be
                   Winter
                   
                     Bon-Chretien
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   every
                   Pear
                   be
                   wrapt
                   up
                   in
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Paper
                   ;
                   neither
                   has
                   this
                   difficulty
                   any
                   relation
                   to
                   any
                   Apples
                   whatever
                   ;
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   tho'
                   laid
                   pell
                   mell
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   or
                   Panniers
                   ,
                   will
                   indure
                   the
                   being
                   carry'd
                   ,
                   either
                   upon
                   a
                   Horse
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   a
                   Cart
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   cannot
                   do
                   so
                   with
                   tender
                   mellow
                   Pears
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   ripe
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   case
                   they
                   are
                   like
                   the
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   their
                   delicacy
                   and
                   tenderness
                   requires
                   a
                   gentle
                   usage
                   ,
                   like
                   Beautiful
                   young
                   Ladies
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   the
                   agitation
                   of
                   the
                   Carriage
                   would
                   bruise
                   and
                   blacken
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   would
                   deprive
                   them
                   of
                   their
                   greatest
                   Ornaments
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   of
                   their
                   chief
                   goodness
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Prelude
                   conducts
                   us
                   insensibly
                   to
                   establish
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Figs
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Morello's
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   their
                   being
                   transported
                   from
                   one
                   place
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   require
                   Water-Carriage
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Back
                   or
                   Arms
                   of
                   a
                   Porter
                   without
                   any
                   jogging
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   upon
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   fix'd
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   without
                   touching
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   laid
                   first
                   upon
                   a
                   Bed
                   of
                   Moss
                   ,
                   or
                   tender
                   Leaves
                   laid
                   pretty
                   thick
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   wrapt
                   up
                   in
                   Vine-Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   order'd
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   not
                   move
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   places
                   ;
                   and
                   finally
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   several
                   Beds
                   be
                   laid
                   over
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   separation
                   must
                   be
                   made
                   between
                   them
                   of
                   Moss
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   Couch
                   must
                   likewise
                   be
                   pretty
                   well
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   wrapt
                   up
                   with
                   a
                   Cloth
                   ,
                   well
                   fasten'd
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   keep
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   contain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Basket
                   close
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   good
                   order
                   :
                   The
                   safest
                   way
                   would
                   be
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   what
                   I
                   am
                   going
                   to
                   prescribe
                   for
                   Figs
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   the
                   inconvenience
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   impossible
                   to
                   carry
                   any
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   .
                   For
                   Figs
                   you
                   must
                   have
                   Sives
                   not
                   above
                   two
                   inches
                   deep
                   ,
                   and
                   lay
                   a
                   bed
                   of
                   Vine-Leaves
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   place
                   the
                   Figs
                   sidewise
                   ,
                   wraping
                   them
                   up
                   first
                   ,
                   asunder
                   ,
                   each
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   taking
                   care
                   to
                   order
                   them
                   so
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   
                   neatly
                   close
                   to
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   transportation
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   remove
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   lay
                   two
                   a
                   top
                   of
                   one
                   another
                   :
                   This
                   first
                   and
                   only
                   Bed
                   being
                   made
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   next
                   with
                   a
                   Sheet
                   of
                   Paper
                   ,
                   neatly
                   fix'd
                   round
                   about
                   the
                   Sive
                   ,
                   and
                   moreover
                   stay'd
                   with
                   some
                   small
                   Packthread
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   Fruit
                   close
                   into
                   the
                   said
                   Sive
                   .
                
                 
                   Good
                   Plums
                   being
                   laid
                   up
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Ceremony
                   ,
                   in
                   any
                   Basket
                   ,
                   or
                   Sive
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   Bed
                   of
                   Leaves
                   or
                   Nettles
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   top
                   must
                   also
                   be
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Nettles
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   first
                   taken
                   off
                   the
                   thickest
                   down
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   must
                   be
                   Cover'd
                   with
                   a
                   Linen
                   Cloth
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   Sheets
                   of
                   Paper
                   ,
                   fasten'd
                   with
                   some
                   Pack-thread
                   :
                
                 
                   Common
                   Plums
                   may
                   be
                   transported
                   in
                   great
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   barely
                   putting
                   small
                   Leaves
                   under
                   ,
                   and
                   over
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Apricock-Plums
                   are
                   sent
                   from
                   Tours
                   to
                   Paris
                   upon
                   Messengers
                   Horses
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   more
                   precaution
                   apart
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   put
                   in
                   Boxes
                   stuff'd
                   with
                   Houads
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   moreover
                   separately
                   wrapt
                   up
                   in
                   Houads
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   Expedient
                   is
                   Chargeable
                   ,
                   besides
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   to
                   carry
                   many
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   Strawberries
                   being
                   likewise
                   order'd
                   in
                   double
                   ridges
                   ,
                   in
                   Baskets
                   made
                   on
                   purpose
                   ,
                   stuff'd
                   with
                   leaves
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   ,
                   and
                   round
                   about
                   ;
                   it
                   will
                   suffice
                   to
                   cover
                   them
                   with
                   a
                   fine
                   Wet
                   Piece
                   of
                   Linnen
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   carryd
                   thus
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   those
                   Baskets
                   .
                
                 
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   either
                   Muscat
                   or
                   Chasselas
                   ,
                   are
                   partly
                   carry'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   I
                   have
                   noted
                   for
                   Peaches
                   ;
                   nay
                   with
                   less
                   Ceremony
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   very
                   material
                   to
                   separate
                   every
                   Bed
                   with
                   Leaves
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Muscat
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   sometimes
                   sent
                   into
                   distant
                   Countrys
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   put
                   in
                   Cases
                   fill'd
                   with
                   Bran
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   upon
                   Horses
                   or
                   Mules
                   ,
                   care
                   being
                   taken
                   that
                   the
                   Bunches
                   may
                   not
                   touch
                   one
                   another
                   ;
                   But
                   that
                   is
                   an
                   Expence
                   only
                   proper
                   for
                   Kings
                   ,
                   or
                   very
                   great
                   Lords
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Transportation
                   of
                   our
                   Principal
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   sent
                   a
                   Days
                   Journey
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   I
                   commonly
                   use
                   certain
                   square
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   divided
                   in
                   the
                   Inside
                   into
                   several
                   Stories
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   at
                   a
                   convenient
                   distance
                   from
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   our
                   Sives
                   full
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   those
                   are
                   either
                   made
                   of
                   very
                   Close
                   Ozier
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   they
                   need
                   no
                   other
                   covering
                   to
                   secure
                   them
                   from
                   Dust
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   of
                   loose
                   Ozier
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Sere-Cloath
                   ;
                   moreover
                   ,
                   those
                   Baskets
                   open
                   sidewise
                   like
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Press
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   lowest
                   Story
                   must
                   be
                   fill'd
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   covering
                   laid
                   over
                   it
                   which
                   serves
                   to
                   close
                   this
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   to
                   the
                   uppermost
                   ;
                   a
                   small
                   Pad-lock
                   may
                   be
                   fixed
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   at
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   two
                   Keys
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   for
                   those
                   to
                   whom
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   sent
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   remaining
                   with
                   the
                   Person
                   who
                   sends
                   it
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   the
                   Fruit
                   is
                   convey'd
                   safely
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Store-Houses
                     ,
                     or
                     Conservatories
                     for
                     Fruits
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IF
                   in
                   that
                   very
                   season
                   ,
                   when
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   Charm
                   most
                   by
                   their
                   Greenness
                   ,
                   and
                   neatness
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   are
                   notwithstanding
                   their
                   chief
                   Ornament
                   ,
                   what
                   advantages
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   what
                   Consolations
                   are
                   not
                   those
                   Fruits
                   capable
                   of
                   affording
                   us
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   a
                   dismal
                   ,
                   Melancholy
                   Winter
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   provided
                   with
                   a
                   Considerable
                   store
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   Infinitely
                   better
                   than
                   any
                   the
                   Summer
                   had
                   supplied
                   us
                   with
                   .
                   There
                   is
                   no
                   denying
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   all
                   naturally
                   inclined
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Violent
                   Passion
                   for
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   very
                   reason
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   delicious
                   to
                   the
                   Palate
                   ,
                   we
                   easily
                   perswade
                   our selves
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   of
                   use
                   for
                   our
                   Health
                   ;
                   Physitians
                   who
                   are
                   to
                   give
                   no
                   Rules
                   against
                   Infirmities
                   ,
                   are
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   opposing
                   this
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   Establish
                   it
                   as
                   Infallible
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   prescribe
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Fruits
                   as
                   Soveraign
                   Remedies
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   most
                   People
                   are
                   at
                   present
                   Curious
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   Gentlemen
                   are
                   proud
                   of
                   expressing
                   their
                   Earnestness
                   in
                   Rearing
                   them
                   :
                   Nature
                   seems
                   to
                   delight
                   in
                   favouring
                   that
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   it
                   yearly
                   produces
                   abundance
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   the
                   Summer
                   produces
                   but
                   too
                   many
                   ,
                   and
                   Autumn
                   yields
                   a
                   sufficient
                   quantity
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   difficulty
                   is
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Dead
                   ,
                   Infertile
                   Season
                   ;
                   therefore
                   we
                   should
                   make
                   it
                   our
                   study
                   to
                   preserve
                   such
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   only
                   good
                   a
                   considerable
                   while
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ;
                   they
                   are
                   Expos'd
                   to
                   a
                   long
                   Journey
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   run
                   many
                   hazards
                   :
                   It
                   does
                   not
                   only
                   require
                   a
                   careful
                   man
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   a
                   Place
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   altogether
                   proper
                   to
                   preserve
                   
                   them
                   ;
                   we
                   must
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   Combat
                   Cold
                   which
                   destroys
                   all
                   those
                   it
                   reaches
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   we
                   must
                   prevent
                   all
                   ill
                   scents
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   spoil
                   what
                   the
                   Weather
                   had
                   spar'd
                   :
                   This
                   Place
                   is
                   commonly
                   call'd
                   a
                   Store-House
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   which
                   without
                   doubt
                   must
                   have
                   its
                   Rules
                   ,
                   and
                   particular
                   properties
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   to
                   produce
                   such
                   good
                   Effects
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   suppos'd
                   that
                   I
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   skill'd
                   in
                   that
                   Point
                   ,
                   considering
                   the
                   Great
                   and
                   Ancient
                   use
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   Consequently
                   I
                   should
                   certainly
                   be
                   blam'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   I
                   declar'd
                   what
                   my
                   Experience
                   has
                   taught
                   me
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   Store-Houses
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   defects
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   attain
                   the
                   success
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   hop'd
                   for
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   other
                   Curioso's
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   in
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Number
                   ,
                   cry
                   up
                   their
                   Closets
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   they
                   please
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   Invite
                   every
                   body
                   to
                   come
                   and
                   see
                   them
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   be
                   careful
                   in
                   making
                   rich
                   Descriptions
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   finding
                   fault
                   at
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   am
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   to
                   Commend
                   them
                   ,
                   I
                   Visit
                   them
                   with
                   a
                   singular
                   satisfaction
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   great
                   delight
                   in
                   looking
                   upon
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   most
                   Extraordinary
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   matter
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   for
                   the
                   Workmanship
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   let
                   People
                   cry
                   up
                   those
                   Collections
                   of
                   Miracles
                   of
                   Art
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   least
                   let
                   them
                   allow
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Curious
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   the
                   liberty
                   of
                   boasting
                   of
                   their
                   Store-Houses
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   their
                   Closets
                   ;
                   not
                   that
                   they
                   contain
                   any
                   Originals
                   ,
                   or
                   Antiquities
                   ,
                   far
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   their
                   greatest
                   Value
                   consists
                   altogether
                   in
                   Novelty
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   they
                   are
                   excellent
                   Novelties
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   productions
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   renew
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   new
                   Vigour
                   Yearly
                   :
                   Productions
                   which
                   indeed
                   are
                   only
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   may
                   use
                   the
                   Expression
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                   Copies
                   of
                   its
                   first
                   Productions
                   at
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   which
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   surpasses
                   the
                   Merit
                   of
                   those
                   Originals
                   :
                   By
                   reason
                   that
                   this
                   Nature
                   having
                   been
                   Charm'd
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   its
                   first
                   Essays
                   ,
                   has
                   taken
                   delight
                   in
                   repeating
                   them
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   it
                   could
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   really
                   Study'd
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   to
                   improve
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   suffers
                   it self
                   to
                   be
                   Conducted
                   a
                   little
                   by
                   Culture
                   ,
                   seeing
                   that
                   Culture
                   really
                   contributes
                   to
                   the
                   Perfectioning
                   of
                   its
                   new
                   Productions
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   being
                   granted
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Body
                   will
                   deny
                   that
                   this
                   Closet
                   deserves
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   truth
                   nothing
                   can
                   be
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   sight
                   than
                   this
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   where
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Entrance
                   you
                   discover
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   well
                   contriv'd
                   Room
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   size
                   is
                   proportion'd
                   to
                   the
                   Occasion
                   for
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   Built
                   ,
                   where
                   you
                   discover
                   in
                   the
                   next
                   Place
                   ,
                   a
                   fine
                   Edg
                   d-Table
                   ,
                   which
                   takes
                   up
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   convenient
                   and
                   necessary
                   to
                   order
                   the
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   China-Basons
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   serv'd
                   ,
                   where
                   finally
                   you
                   discover
                   the
                   four
                   Walls
                   Garnish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   see
                   all
                   the
                   Shelves
                   well
                   Order'd
                   ,
                   and
                   fill'd
                   both
                   in
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Winter
                   with
                   fine
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   those
                   Fruits
                   differently
                   plac'd
                   with
                   flying
                   Labels
                   ,
                   to
                   express
                   their
                   kinds
                   ,
                   and
                   Maturity
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Sequel
                   of
                   Months
                   ;
                   thus
                   Burgamots
                   are
                   order'd
                   in
                   one
                   Place
                   ,
                   Virgoules
                   in
                   another
                   ,
                   Ambrets
                   here
                   ,
                   Thorn-Pears
                   there
                   ,
                   Leschasserirs
                   here
                   ,
                   the
                   St.
                   Germans
                   there
                   ,
                   Bonchretien
                   here
                   ,
                   Bugy
                   there
                   ,
                   Baking
                   Pears
                   here
                   ,
                   there
                   the
                   Apples
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Distinctions
                   observ'd
                   for
                   the
                   Pears
                   ;
                   here
                   Fruits
                   that
                   drop
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   there
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   gather'd
                   in
                   Season
                   ,
                   here
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   there
                   those
                   of
                   good
                   Espalies
                   ;
                   here
                   those
                   of
                   High-Standards
                   ,
                   there
                   those
                   of
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   there
                   the
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   Ripe
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Month
                   ,
                   there
                   those
                   that
                   do
                   not
                   Ripen
                   so
                   soon
                   ,
                   &c.
                   with
                   this
                   Constant
                   order
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Ripe
                   are
                   always
                   most
                   within
                   reach
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Hand
                   and
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   Ripe
                   yet
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Degree
                   ,
                   plac'd
                   upon
                   higher
                   Shelves
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   expect
                   the
                   Season
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   ripen
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   Consequently
                   to
                   be
                   remov'd
                   in
                   the
                   Room
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Pass'd
                   ;
                   those
                   first
                   Disappear
                   after
                   having
                   perform'd
                   their
                   Part
                   ,
                   and
                   finish'd
                   their
                   Career
                   ;
                   and
                   others
                   are
                   ready
                   to
                   Succeed
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   to
                   come
                   each
                   to
                   their
                   turn
                   to
                   serve
                   the
                   quarter
                   which
                   is
                   dessign'd
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Finally
                   ,
                   do's
                   not
                   the
                   Liberality
                   of
                   our
                   Curioso
                   towards
                   his
                   Friends
                   (
                   for
                   he
                   loves
                   to
                   Impart
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   )
                   deserve
                   some
                   privilegde
                   to
                   raise
                   the
                   Merit
                   of
                   his
                   Closet
                   above
                   others
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   only
                   bring
                   bare
                   Ideas
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   far
                   from
                   receiving
                   any
                   Liberaliteis
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   the
                   Curioso
                   makes
                   profession
                   of
                   being
                   close
                   Fisted
                   ;
                   he
                   never
                   makes
                   a
                   show
                   of
                   his
                   Treasure
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   against
                   his
                   Will
                   ;
                   there
                   constantly
                   appears
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   disgust
                   in
                   him
                   ,
                   which
                   sometimes
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   fear
                   of
                   being
                   Robb'd
                   ,
                   but
                   more
                   commonly
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   not
                   being
                   thought
                   as
                   Rich
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   pretends
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   us
                   now
                   Proceed
                   to
                   Establish
                   the
                   principal
                   Conditions
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Store-House
                   ;
                   In
                   my
                   Opinion
                   the
                   First
                   consists
                   in
                   its
                   being
                   inpenetrable
                   to
                   Frosts
                   ;
                   great
                   Cold
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   often
                   declar'd
                   being
                   a
                   mortal
                   Enemy
                   to
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   once
                   Frozen
                   ,
                   are
                   never
                   after
                   good
                   for
                   any
                   thing
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Second
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Store-House
                   must
                   he
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   or
                   East
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ;
                   the
                   Northern
                   Exposition
                   would
                   be
                   very
                   perninicious
                   to
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   also
                   follows
                   for
                   the
                   Third
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Wall
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Store-House
                   must
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   Twenty
                   Four
                   Inches
                   thick
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   the
                   Frost
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   kept
                   out
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   likewise
                   follows
                   for
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Windows
                   besides
                   the
                   Common
                   Quarrels
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   good
                   double
                   Paper
                   Saches
                   ,
                   Very
                   close
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   well
                   stopt
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   a
                   Double
                   Door
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   the
                   Cold
                   Air
                   from
                   abroad
                   ,
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   enter
                   in
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   would
                   certainly
                   destroy
                   the
                   Temperate
                   Air
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   preserv'd
                   of
                   Old
                   in
                   the
                   Inside
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   to
                   be
                   too
                   exact
                   in
                   this
                   care
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   least
                   or
                   any
                   ,
                   might
                   occasion
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   disorder
                   in
                   one
                   Frosty
                   Night
                   ;
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   approve
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Fire
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   reason
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   sufficiently
                   Establish'd
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   Notwithstanding
                   all
                   these
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   which
                   perhaps
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   exactly
                   Observ'd
                   the
                   thing
                   being
                   pritty
                   difficult
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   small
                   Vessel
                   full
                   of
                   Water
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   certain
                   ,
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   faithful
                   Incorruptible
                   Centry
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   notice
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   may
                   Prejudice
                   us
                   ;
                   when
                   that
                   Water
                   does
                   not
                   Freeze
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   it
                   Freezes
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   ,
                   a
                   remedy
                   must
                   Immeadiately
                   be
                   apply'd
                   :
                   The
                   Colds
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   1670
                   ,
                   1675
                   ,
                   1676
                   ,
                   1678
                   ,
                   that
                   of
                   January
                   ,
                   and
                   February
                   ,
                   1679.
                   and
                   especially
                   that
                   of
                   December
                   1683
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   January
                   1684
                   ,
                   which
                   lasted
                   a
                   whole
                   Month
                   ,
                   without
                   discontinuation
                   the
                   last
                   time
                   ,
                   must
                   needs
                   serve
                   for
                   a
                   great
                   Instruction
                   in
                   this
                   Matter
                   ;
                   it
                   required
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Care
                   ,
                   and
                   forecast
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   caught
                   by
                   it
                   .
                   A
                   good
                   Weather-Glass
                   plac'd
                   on
                   the
                   out-side
                   at
                   the
                   Northern-Exposure
                   is
                   of
                   great
                   use
                   ;
                   we
                   have
                   reason
                   to
                   Judge
                   the
                   Peril
                   great
                   ,
                   when
                   this
                   Weather-Glass
                   continues
                   for
                   two
                   Nights
                   together
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   fifth
                   and
                   sixth
                   Degrees
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   seventh
                   and
                   eighth
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   Night
                   may
                   have
                   done
                   no
                   harm
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   is
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   the
                   very
                   next
                   Day
                   after
                   such
                   a
                   Night
                   to
                   use
                   good
                   Quilts
                   ,
                   or
                   good
                   Blankets
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   dry
                   Moss
                   to
                   secure
                   our
                   Fruits
                   from
                   Frost
                   ;
                   nay
                   more
                   ,
                   having
                   a
                   good
                   Cellar
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   proper
                   to
                   remove
                   our
                   Fruits
                   into
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   leave
                   them
                   there
                   until
                   the
                   great
                   Cold
                   be
                   pass'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   these
                   Cases
                   care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   replace
                   all
                   those
                   Fruits
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   before
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ;
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Weather
                   grows
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   remove
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Ripe
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   tainted
                   ,
                   Rotenness
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   worst
                   accidents
                   to
                   be
                   fear'd
                   ,
                   while
                   Fruits
                   are
                   not
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   be
                   Visited
                   often
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   having
                   made
                   Provision
                   against
                   Cold
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   Study
                   to
                   preserve
                   our
                   Fruits
                   from
                   ill
                   Taste
                   ;
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Hay
                   ,
                   Straw
                   ,
                   Dung
                   ,
                   Cheese
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Foul
                   Linnen
                   ,
                   especially
                   such
                   as
                   has
                   been
                   imploy'd
                   in
                   the
                   Kitchen
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   all
                   very
                   dangerous
                   ,
                   and
                   must
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   be
                   suffer'd
                   near
                   our
                   Store-House
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ;
                   a
                   certain
                   Musty
                   Taste
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   smell
                   of
                   many
                   Fruits
                   laid
                   up
                   together
                   is
                   likewise
                   very
                   disagreeable
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   Store-House
                   must
                   not
                   only
                   have
                   good
                   Overtures
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   high
                   Ceiling
                   ,
                   the
                   just
                   measure
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   from
                   Ten
                   to
                   Twelve
                   Foot
                   high
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Windows
                   must
                   often
                   be
                   kept
                   open
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   fear
                   of
                   great
                   Cold
                   either
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   fresh
                   Air
                   from
                   without
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   Temperate
                   ,
                   is
                   Incomparable
                   to
                   purify
                   ,
                   and
                   reestablish
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   long
                   inclos'd
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Sixth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   neither
                   a
                   Cellar
                   nor
                   a
                   Garret
                   are
                   sit
                   to
                   make
                   this
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   the
                   Cellar
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   a
                   mustiness
                   ,
                   and
                   moist
                   heat
                   that
                   are
                   inseparable
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   inclines
                   the
                   Fruit
                   to
                   Rottenness
                   ;
                   the
                   Garret
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   Cold
                   ,
                   which
                   easily
                   Penetrates
                   the
                   Roof
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   a
                   ground
                   Room
                   is
                   the
                   best
                   for
                   our
                   Use
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   a
                   first
                   Story
                   ,
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   other
                   Lodging-Rooms
                   Inhabited
                   over
                   and
                   under
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   on
                   the
                   sides
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   add
                   to
                   this
                   Sixth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Store-House
                   must
                   be
                   often
                   visited
                   by
                   him
                   that
                   has
                   it
                   in
                   Charge
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   neglected
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   not
                   at
                   Hand
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   conveniently
                   plac'd
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   trouble
                   of
                   going
                   too
                   much
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   down
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   seventh
                   Condition
                   requires
                   ,
                   many
                   shelves
                   fram'd
                   together
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Lodge
                   the
                   Fruits
                   separately
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   the
                   finest
                   on
                   the
                   best
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   Baking
                   -
                   Pears
                   on
                   the
                   worst
                   ;
                   Apples
                   must
                   lye
                   by
                   themselves
                   .
                   The
                   reasonable
                   distance
                   of
                   these
                   Shelves
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   about
                   Nine
                   or
                   Ten
                   Inches
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   them
                   about
                   Seventeen
                   or
                   Eighteen
                   Inches
                   broad
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   hold
                   the
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   please
                   the
                   sight
                   the
                   better
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Eighth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   those
                   shelves
                   a
                   little
                   sloaping
                   outwardly
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   about
                   an
                   Inch
                   in
                   the
                   Breadth
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Edge
                   about
                   Two
                   Fingers
                   high
                   ,
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Fruit
                   from
                   Falling
                   :
                   The
                   Fruits
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   in
                   sight
                   when
                   the
                   Shelves
                   are
                   level
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   as
                   I
                   desire
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   when
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   Rotten
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   easily
                   perceived
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Rottenness
                   Communicates
                   it self
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   unless
                   remedy'd
                   at
                   first
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fear
                   of
                   that
                   Rottenness
                   requires
                   for
                   a
                   Ninth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   Shelf
                   should
                   be
                   visited
                   at
                   least
                   every
                   other
                   day
                   ,
                   without
                   fail
                   ,
                   to
                   remove
                   what
                   ever
                   may
                   be
                   tainted
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   for
                   the
                   Tenth
                   Condition
                   ,
                   it
                   requires
                   that
                   the
                   Shelves
                   should
                   be
                   cover'd
                   with
                   something
                   ,
                   for
                   Instance
                   dry
                   Moss
                   ,
                   or
                   about
                   an
                   Inch
                   thick
                   of
                   fine
                   Sand
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   keep
                   every
                   Fruit
                   steady
                   ,
                   after
                   its
                   being
                   plac'd
                   upon
                   its
                   Basis
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   keep
                   it
                   asunder
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Fruits
                   must
                   no
                   wise
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   touch
                   each
                   other
                   :
                   It
                   is
                   much
                   pleasanter
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   all
                   in
                   a
                   row
                   upon
                   their
                   Basis
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Eye
                   which
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   Stalk
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   Lye
                   pell
                   mell
                   any
                   how
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   require
                   for
                   the
                   Last
                   Condition
                   ,
                   that
                   Care
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   Sweep
                   our
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   or
                   Store-House
                   often
                   ,
                   to
                   suffer
                   no
                   Cobwebs
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   keep
                   Traps
                   for
                   Rats
                   and
                   Mice
                   ,
                   and
                   moreover
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   amiss
                   to
                   allow
                   it
                   some
                   secret
                   Entrance
                   for
                   Cats
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   the
                   Fruit
                   will
                   be
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   being
                   gnaw'd
                   by
                   those
                   Curs'd
                   little
                   Domestick
                   Animals
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   particularly
                   design'd
                   for
                   Winter-Fruits
                   ,
                   is
                   likewise
                   very
                   useful
                   for
                   those
                   of
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   either
                   Pears
                   or
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                  
                   ,
                   either
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     Plums
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   These
                   being
                   in
                   my
                   opinion
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   said
                   ,
                   much
                   better
                   a
                   day
                   after
                   their
                   being
                   gather'd
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   very
                   day
                   ;
                   they
                   acquire
                   a
                   certain
                   coolness
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   great
                   Improvement
                   which
                   they
                   can
                   never
                   have
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   upon
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   whereas
                   generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   Considerable
                   ,
                   are
                   only
                   brought
                   into
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   after
                   their
                   having
                   acquir'd
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Maturities
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   proper
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   viz.
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Summer
                     Fruits
                  
                   an
                   approaching
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   Expediates
                   them
                   in
                   few
                   days
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   and
                   Winter-Fruits
                   ,
                   a
                   distant
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   them
                   keep
                   long
                   ,
                   some
                   less
                   ,
                   some
                   more
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   whereas
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   approaching
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   most
                   Consequence
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   for
                   those
                   good
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   perish
                   miserably
                   ,
                   unless
                   taken
                   in
                   the
                   nick
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   Master
                   whose
                   pains
                   ,
                   cares
                   ,
                   and
                   hopes
                   would
                   be
                   lost
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   were
                   capable
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   saying
                   is
                   ,
                   to
                   nick
                   the
                   Critical
                   Minute
                   ;
                   it
                   follows
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   make
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   giving
                   ,
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   the
                   Infallible
                   marks
                   by
                   which
                   this
                   Maturity
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   known
                   :
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   explain'd
                   those
                   :
                   marks
                   for
                   most
                   Fruits
                   which
                   do
                   not
                   exceed
                   September
                   and
                   
                     October
                     ,
                     viz.
                  
                   for
                   the
                   remainder
                   of
                   
                     Summer
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   remainder
                   of
                   Plums
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   latter
                   Peaches
                   and
                   
                     Pavies
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   There
                   now
                   remains
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   
                     October
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   keep
                   from
                   All-Saints
                   ,
                   till
                   Easter
                   ,
                   and
                   longer
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Vertelongue
                   or
                   
                     Long-Green
                     ,
                     Butter-Pears
                     ,
                     Vine-Pears
                     ,
                     Messire-John
                     ,
                     Green-Sugar-Pears
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   after
                   these
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Petit-oins
                     ,
                     Lansaes
                     ,
                     Marchionesses
                     ,
                     Burgamots
                     ,
                     Amadottes
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   even
                   the
                   Besideri
                   ,
                   and
                   Thick-Stalks
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   pass
                   during
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   November
                   ;
                   the
                   Thumb
                   (
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   observ'd
                   already
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   
                     Butter-Pears
                     ,
                     Long-Greens
                     ,
                     Green-Sugar-Peart
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   began
                   to
                   ripen
                   in
                   October
                   )
                   daly
                   turns
                   whatever
                   ripens
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Store-House
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                     Petit-oins
                     ,
                     Marchionesses
                     ,
                     Russettines
                     ,
                     Lansaes
                  
                   &c.
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   these
                   are
                   still
                   tender
                   Pears
                   ;
                   a
                   Whitish
                   Colour
                   which
                   forms
                   it self
                   in
                   the
                   Rind
                   of
                   the
                   Messire-John
                   ,
                   a
                   Yellow
                   cast
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Amadottes
                     ,
                     Thick-Stalks
                     ,
                     Besideri
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   a
                   moisture
                   upon
                   the
                   Rind
                   of
                   the
                   Burgamots
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Yellowness
                   which
                   discovers
                   it self
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   all
                   those
                   are
                   certain
                   signs
                   which
                   inform
                   us
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   the
                   Thumb
                   ,
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   know
                   of
                   those
                   lost
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   examining
                   of
                   them
                   Constantly
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   every
                   other
                   day
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Rule
                   of
                   review
                   for
                   the
                   Maturity
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   continu'd
                   the
                   following
                   Months
                   for
                   all
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   that
                   remain
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   not
                   to
                   lose
                   the
                   least
                   sign
                   which
                   discovers
                   their
                   approaching
                   Maturity
                   ;
                   moreover
                   this
                   review
                   is
                   necessary
                   ,
                   to
                   remove
                   such
                   as
                   begin
                   to
                   Rot.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Louise-bonne
                     ,
                     Winter-Thornes
                     ,
                     Ambrets
                     ,
                     Leschaseries
                     ,
                  
                   St.
                   
                     Germains
                     ,
                     Vergoules
                  
                   ,
                   even
                   the
                   
                     Dry-Martins
                     ,
                     Spanish
                     Bon-Chretiens
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Apples
                   of
                   all
                   kinds
                   ,
                   of
                   Capendu
                   ,
                   either
                   Grey
                   ,
                   or
                   Red
                   ,
                   or
                   White
                   ,
                   the
                   Apples
                   of
                   
                     Fenouillet
                     ,
                     Autumn
                     Calvils
                  
                   ,
                   some
                   Apis
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Reynettes
                   ,
                   &c.
                   all
                   these
                   Fruits
                   begin
                   to
                   ripen
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   Yellowness
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   some
                   Wrinkles
                   discovers
                   it self
                   upon
                   the
                   Six
                   first
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   
                   we
                   may
                   judge
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   that
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   resist
                   the
                   Thumb
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   fit
                   to
                   Eat
                   ,
                   but
                   until
                   then
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   venture
                   to
                   meddle
                   with
                   them
                   ;
                   in
                   cutting
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   the
                   Knife
                   would
                   soon
                   discover
                   their
                   want
                   of
                   Ripeness
                   ;
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Pears
                   are
                   very
                   Subject
                   to
                   soften
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   are
                   certainly
                   apt
                   to
                   deceive
                   those
                   who
                   do
                   not
                   strictly
                   Examine
                   them
                   every
                   day
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Dry-Martins
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Spanish
                     Bon-Chretiens
                  
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   just
                   as
                   what
                   I
                   am
                   going
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   January
                   for
                   the
                   Portail-Pears
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   ever
                   there
                   appears
                   the
                   least
                   Spot
                   of
                   Rotteness
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   boldly
                   attack
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   their
                   time
                   is
                   come
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   soon
                   threaten'd
                   with
                   Rottenness
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   with
                   this
                   advantage
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   remain
                   a
                   pretty
                   while
                   in
                   the
                   State
                   of
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   
                     Capendu
                     ,
                     Fenouillet
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Reinettes
                   ,
                   declare
                   their
                   Maturity
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   become
                   extreamly
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   the
                   Apis
                   declare
                   theirs
                   when
                   their
                   Green
                   Colour
                   turns
                   to
                   Yellow
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Calvils
                   seem
                   to
                   become
                   lighter
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   kernel
                   loossens
                   ,
                   and
                   rattles
                   in
                   shaking
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   ripen
                   ,
                   they
                   remain
                   good
                   a
                   long
                   while
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   Reinettes
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   become
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   without
                   wrinkling
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   those
                   are
                   admirable
                   qualifications
                   in
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
                 
                   People
                   must
                   not
                   grow
                   weary
                   of
                   often
                   feeling
                   the
                   tender
                   melting
                   Pears
                   of
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   the
                   lazy
                   and
                   negligent
                   thereby
                   fall
                   into
                   great
                   Inconveniences
                   .
                
                 
                   Such
                   Fruits
                   as
                   have
                   resisted
                   the
                   Thumb
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   will
                   finally
                   yield
                   to
                   it
                   in
                   their
                   turns
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   January
                   and
                   February
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   the
                   Winter-Thorns
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   change
                   their
                   Colour
                   a
                   little
                   in
                   these
                   Months
                   ,
                   they
                   become
                   Mealy
                   and
                   Insipid
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   Word
                   ,
                   perish
                   without
                   attaining
                   a
                   perfect
                   Maturity
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   cruel
                   loss
                   to
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   really
                   one
                   of
                   our
                   best
                   Pears
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   very
                   considerable
                   Observations
                   in
                   relation
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   some
                   others
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Choice
                   and
                   Proportion
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Louise-bonnes
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Long-Greens
                   ,
                   of
                   September
                   and
                   October
                   ,
                   seldom
                   grow
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   wrinkle
                   ,
                   and
                   become
                   soft
                   ,
                   mellow
                   ,
                   and
                   agreeable
                   to
                   feel
                   .
                
                 
                   Many
                   Ambrets
                   soften
                   ,
                   before
                   they
                   grow
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   particularly
                   such
                   as
                   grow
                   North-ward
                   ,
                   or
                   upon
                   Dwarf-standards
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   upon
                   
                     Trees
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   free
                   Stocks
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   too
                   full
                   ,
                   therefore
                   these
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   all
                   other
                   Pears
                   which
                   grow
                   upon
                   
                     Northern
                     Espaliers
                  
                   ,
                   require
                   Sugar
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   to
                   correct
                   their
                   Taste
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   good
                   as
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   tho
                   they
                   are
                   so
                   very
                   full
                   of
                   Water
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   large
                   Winter-Musky
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Portail-Pears
                   have
                   some
                   Friends
                   ,
                   neither
                   of
                   them
                   Value
                   the
                   skill
                   of
                   the
                   Thumb
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Yellowness
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   few
                   wrinkles
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   Rotteness
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   to
                   Invite
                   their
                   Votaries
                   do
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   their
                   merit
                   ,
                   what
                   ever
                   it
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   One
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   things
                   I
                   mind
                   in
                   ordering
                   my
                   Fruits
                   in
                   the
                   Store-House
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   place
                   every
                   kind
                   upon
                   different
                   Shelves
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   I
                   do
                   put
                   several
                   upon
                   one
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   distinguish'd
                   by
                   divisions
                   of
                   Edges
                   ,
                   but
                   I
                   likewise
                   make
                   the
                   same
                   distinction
                   among
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   ;
                   first
                   I
                   place
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   fallen
                   before
                   their
                   time
                   (
                   for
                   I
                   do
                   not
                   fling
                   them
                   away
                   )
                   by
                   themselves
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   sight
                   ,
                   they
                   seldom
                   look
                   well
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   growing
                   very
                   much
                   wrinkled
                   ,
                   indeed
                   some
                   more
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   dropping
                   ,
                   sooner
                   ,
                   or
                   later
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   they
                   ripen
                   at
                   last
                   ,
                   tho
                   pretty
                   long
                   after
                   the
                   others
                   of
                   their
                   kind
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   cannot
                   forbear
                   doing
                   of
                   them
                   the
                   Justice
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   pretty
                   often
                   incomparably
                   good
                   under
                   a
                   wither'd
                   ,
                   ugly
                   ,
                   wrinkled
                   Rind
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   their
                   fall
                   does
                   not
                   exceed
                   a
                   Month
                   before
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   gathering
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     Pears
                  
                   growing
                   upon
                   Dwarf-Standards
                   are
                   apart
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   good
                   Espaliers
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   follow
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   for
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   High-Standards
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   for
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   
                     Northern
                     Espaliers
                  
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   that
                   regularly
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   good
                   Espaliers
                   ripen
                   first
                   ;
                   those
                   of
                   Vigorous
                   Dwarfs
                   follow
                   them
                   in
                   this
                   order
                   ,
                   those
                   of
                   
                     Dwarfs
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   Quince-Stocks
                   preceed
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   Free-Stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   Infirm
                   Trees
                   preceed
                   both
                   the
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   ●ine
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   High-Standards
                   succeed
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   mix
                   with
                   these
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   which
                   Maxim
                   is
                   Universally
                   true
                   ,
                   Excepting
                   only
                   Plums
                   ,
                   and
                   Figs
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   elswhere
                   ;
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Northern
                     Exposure
                  
                   ,
                   ripen
                   last
                   of
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Winter
                     Bon
                     Chretiens
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   Brittle
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Colmars
                   with
                   their
                   tender
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   let
                   all
                   other
                   Mellow
                   Pears
                   pass
                   before
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   the
                   others
                   begin
                   to
                   
                   turn
                   yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   turning
                   yellow
                   ,
                   to
                   Ripen
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   wrinkle
                   a
                   little
                   towards
                   the
                   Stalk
                   :
                   When
                   Bon-Chretien
                   is
                   perfectly
                   ripe
                   ,
                   the
                   Pulp
                   is
                   almost
                   melting
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   ,
                   it
                   remains
                   very
                   stony
                   ;
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   will
                   keep
                   till
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   April
                   ;
                   the
                   
                   Bugy's
                   ,
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   ,
                   and
                   Martin-Sires
                   joyn
                   with
                   those
                   ,
                   to
                   close
                   up
                   the
                   Theatre
                   of
                   the
                   Maturity
                   of
                   Pears
                   ;
                   the
                   Bugys
                   in
                   March
                   and
                   April
                   are
                   very
                   delicious
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   tender
                   watery
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   tho'
                   a
                   little
                   Sowrish
                   :
                   The
                   St.
                   Lezins
                   with
                   their
                   firm
                   Pulp
                   ,
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   Perfume
                   ,
                   also
                   make
                   some
                   Figure
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   'till
                   then
                   ,
                   the
                   least
                   touch
                   of
                   Cold
                   blackens
                   them
                   intirely
                   ,
                   and
                   renders
                   them
                   hideous
                   to
                   sight
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   disagreeable
                   to
                   the
                   Palate
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Baking
                   -
                   Pears
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   good
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   end
                   they
                   are
                   design'd
                   for
                   ,
                   particularly
                   when
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   grow
                   yellow
                   ;
                   with
                   this
                   Proviso
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   tainted
                   with
                   Rottenness
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   aside
                   ,
                   lest
                   they
                   should
                   infect
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   sound
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   
                     Franc-Reals
                     ,
                     Little
                     Certeau
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Carmelites
                   ,
                   or
                   Mazuer
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   the
                   Double-Blossoms
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   consider'd
                   as
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   only
                   fit
                   to
                   bake
                   ,
                   are
                   almost
                   ready
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   to
                   perform
                   their
                   part
                   :
                   The
                   Pears
                   of
                   Book
                   and
                   Love
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Angobers
                     ,
                     Catillac
                     ,
                     Fontarabie
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   may
                   chance
                   to
                   acquire
                   some
                   goodness
                   ,
                   being
                   season'd
                   with
                   Sugar
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Fire
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   still
                   retain
                   a
                   touch
                   of
                   Tartness
                   ,
                   which
                   can
                   never
                   agree
                   with
                   nice
                   Pallats
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Autumn
                     Calvils
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Reinets
                   ,
                   are
                   admirable
                   for
                   Preserving
                   ,
                   the
                   Capendus
                   and
                   Fenouillets
                   are
                   not
                   so
                   good
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   sweetness
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   first
                   have
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   briskness
                   ,
                   which
                   gives
                   them
                   an
                   incomparable
                   rast
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Diseases
                     of
                     Fruit-Trees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   apparent
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   a
                   Law
                   Universally
                   Establish'd
                   ,
                   all
                   Living
                   Animated
                   Beings
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   some
                   Accidents
                   ,
                   which
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   enjoying
                   a
                   perpetual
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   equally
                   Vigorous
                   health
                   ;
                   this
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   among
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Animals
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   different
                   Distempers
                   :
                   Vegetables
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   particularly
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   are
                   likewise
                   subject
                   to
                   certain
                   Infirmities
                   that
                   destroy
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   term
                   Distempers
                   ;
                   yellow
                   Leaves
                   out
                   of
                   Season
                   ,
                   new
                   Shoots
                   growing
                   black
                   ,
                   and
                   dying
                   on
                   their
                   Extremities
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     September
                     ,
                     Fruits
                  
                   remaining
                   small
                   ,
                   or
                   dropping
                   of
                   themselves
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Physicians
                   term
                   it
                   ,
                   so
                   many
                   speaking
                   Symptoms
                   ,
                   informing
                   us
                   of
                   the
                   indisposition
                   of
                   the
                   Foot.
                   Among
                   those
                   Infirmities
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   Cur'd
                   with
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   some
                   Remedies
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   which
                   hitherto
                   appear
                   Incurable
                   ;
                   since
                   whatever
                   can
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   has
                   still
                   prov'd
                   Ineffectual
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   time
                   may
                   produce
                   some
                   Skilful
                   Person
                   ,
                   whose
                   Knowledge
                   and
                   Experience
                   may
                   give
                   us
                   some
                   light
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Case
                   which
                   exposes
                   us
                   to
                   scorn
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   to
                   pity
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   is
                   but
                   too
                   true
                   that
                   our
                   Trees
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   different
                   Distempers
                   ,
                   Gardners
                   would
                   certainly
                   be
                   blame-worthy
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   did
                   not
                   make
                   it
                   their
                   Study
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   effectual
                   Remedies
                   for
                   some
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   satisfie
                   themselves
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   others
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   knowing
                   those
                   Remedies
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   not
                   careful
                   to
                   apply
                   them
                   upon
                   occasion
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   were
                   vain
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   breed
                   Trees
                   in
                   their
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   liable
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   perish
                   in
                   their
                   prime
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   knowing
                   how
                   to
                   Cure
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   restore
                   them
                   to
                   their
                   pristine
                   Vigour
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   Order
                   not
                   to
                   omit
                   any
                   thing
                   relating
                   to
                   those
                   Accidents
                   which
                   our
                   Trees
                   are
                   liable
                   to
                   ,
                   without
                   including
                   such
                   as
                   proceed
                   from
                   too
                   long
                   wounds
                   ,
                   of
                   great
                   Heat
                   ,
                   of
                   great
                   Cold
                   ,
                   of
                   Storms
                   ,
                   of
                   Whirlwinds
                   ,
                   Hails
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   I
                   think
                   my self
                   oblig'd
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   Distempers
                   common
                   to
                   all
                   Trees
                   in
                   general
                   ;
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   peculiar
                   to
                   every
                   particular
                   kind
                   :
                   The
                   common
                   Distempers
                   consist
                   either
                   in
                   a
                   defect
                   of
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   the
                   Trees
                   appear
                   in
                   a
                   languishing
                   Condition
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   in
                   a
                   storm
                   of
                   large
                   white
                   Worms
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   sometimes
                   form'd
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   gnaw
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Bark
                   of
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Stem
                   ;
                   those
                   mischievous
                   little
                   Insects
                   which
                   we
                   call
                   Tons
                   ,
                   by
                   degrees
                   cause
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   disorder
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Tree
                   which
                   is
                   attack'd
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   always
                   appear'd
                   Vigorous
                   before
                   ,
                   all
                   on
                   a
                   suddain
                   dies
                   without
                   any
                   Remedy
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Peculiar
                   Distempers
                   are
                   ,
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   in
                   Pear-Treees
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   when
                   their
                   Leaves
                   are
                   attack'd
                   with
                   what
                   we
                   call
                   Tigers
                   :
                   Cankers
                   ,
                   and
                   Scabs
                   in
                   other
                   Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   Viz.
                   Robins
                   ,
                   small
                   
                     Muscadins
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   Gum
                   on
                   Stone
                   -
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   especially
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   destroys
                   that
                   part
                   on
                   which
                   it
                   fixes
                   ,
                   either
                   Branch
                   ,
                   or
                   Stem
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   ,
                   unfortunately
                   it
                   attacks
                   the
                   part
                   where
                   the
                   Tree
                   is
                   graffed
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   often
                   hid
                   under
                   ground
                   ,
                   it
                   insensibly
                   spreads
                   round
                   about
                   that
                   Graff
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   bodies
                   observing
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Tree
                   still
                   continues
                   in
                   a
                   good
                   Condition
                   ,
                   while
                   there
                   remains
                   any
                   passage
                   for
                   the
                   Sap
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   finally
                   ,
                   this
                   Gum
                   hindering
                   this
                   Sap
                   from
                   rising
                   to
                   the
                   upper
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   makes
                   that
                   Tree
                   die
                   suddenly
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   been
                   suffocated
                   by
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Apoplectick
                   Fit.
                   
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   some
                   Peach-Trees
                   are
                   also
                   attack'd
                   with
                   Aemets
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   small
                   kind
                   of
                   green
                   Fleas
                   ,
                   which
                   sometimes
                   fasten
                   on
                   the
                   young
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   and
                   hinder
                   them
                   from
                   thriving
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   on
                   the
                   new
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   cause
                   them
                   first
                   to
                   shrink
                   ,
                   next
                   to
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   fall
                   :
                   We
                   have
                   likewise
                   North-East
                   Winds
                   which
                   blast
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   Springs
                   wither
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   burn
                   all
                   the
                   new
                   Shoots
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Trees
                   on
                   which
                   this
                   unlucky
                   Influence
                   lights
                   ,
                   appears
                   dead
                   ,
                   while
                   others
                   about
                   them
                   are
                   green
                   ,
                   full
                   of
                   fine
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   continue
                   to
                   produce
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   :
                   Besides
                   this
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   the
                   most
                   Vigorous
                   Trees
                   subject
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   their
                   new
                   Shoots
                   intirely
                   cut
                   off
                   by
                   a
                   little
                   black
                   round
                   Insect
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Bud-Cutter
                   .
                
                 
                   Fig
                   -
                   Trees
                   dread
                   the
                   great
                   Colds
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   capable
                   of
                   Freezing
                   their
                   whole
                   head
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   extreamly
                   well
                   Cover'd
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   sufficient
                   to
                   have
                   secur'd
                   them
                   against
                   Frost
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   are
                   likewise
                   subject
                   in
                   that
                   Winter
                   Season
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   lower
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Stems
                   gnaw'd
                   by
                   Rats
                   ,
                   and
                   *
                   Mulots
                   which
                   makes
                   them
                   pine
                   ,
                   and
                   die
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   very
                   Animals
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   *
                   Laires
                   ,
                   Ear-wigs
                   ,
                   and
                   Snails
                   ,
                   likewise
                   spoil
                   the
                   very
                   Fruit
                   on
                   the
                   Trees
                   when
                   they
                   approach
                   to
                   maturity
                   ,
                   especially
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   and
                   Plums
                   ;
                   have
                   not
                   Goosberry-shrubs
                   their
                   peculiar
                   Enemies
                   also
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   small
                   green
                   Caterpillars
                   ,
                   which
                   form
                   themselves
                   towards
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   June
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   back
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   eat
                   them
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   little
                   Shrubs
                   remain
                   altogether
                   bare
                   ;
                   and
                   their
                   Fruit
                   no
                   longer
                   having
                   any
                   thing
                   to
                   cover
                   and
                   defend
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   great
                   heats
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   is
                   destroy'd
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   Ripen
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   might
                   run
                   over
                   all
                   the
                   Accidents
                   which
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   is
                   liable
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   cause
                   abundance
                   of
                   Disorders
                   in
                   it
                   :
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   Strawberry-Plants
                   in
                   the
                   prime
                   of
                   their
                   Youth
                   and
                   Vigour
                   ,
                   are
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   treacherously
                   attack'd
                   in
                   their
                   very
                   Roots
                   by
                   those
                   wicked
                   *
                   Tons
                   which
                   destroy
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   especially
                   Lettuce
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Succory
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   constantly
                   have
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   *
                   Tons
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   little
                   reddish
                   Worms
                   which
                   gnaw
                   them
                   about
                   the
                   neck
                   ,
                   and
                   kill
                   them
                   just
                   as
                   they
                   come
                   to
                   perfection
                   .
                
                 
                   How
                   much
                   do
                   Artichokes
                   suffer
                   by
                   little
                   black
                   Flies
                   which
                   infest
                   them
                   towards
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Summer
                   ,
                   and
                   Mulots
                   ,
                   or
                   Garden-Mice
                   ,
                   which
                   gnaw
                   their
                   Roots
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   .
                
                 
                   Lettuce
                   ,
                   and
                   Succory
                   are
                   absolutely
                   devour'd
                   by
                   Snails
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   yellow
                   ,
                   some
                   blackish
                   ,
                   and
                   gray
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   little
                   and
                   white
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   Rainy
                   Weather
                   .
                
                 
                   Sorell
                   is
                   tormented
                   in
                   very
                   hot
                   weather
                   with
                   little
                   Black
                   Fleas
                   ,
                   which
                   gnaw
                   all
                   the
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   it
                   becomes
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   Even
                   Cabbages
                   are
                   spoil'd
                   by
                   green
                   Snails
                   ,
                   which
                   gnaw
                   and
                   spoil
                   all
                   their
                   Leaves
                   ;
                   but
                   I
                   am
                   only
                   to
                   speak
                   in
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   of
                   those
                   Distempers
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   Cur'd
                   in
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Incurable
                   ,
                   nor
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   incident
                   to
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ;
                   those
                   commonly
                   proceed
                   ,
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   defect
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   which
                   does
                   not
                   furnish
                   nourishment
                   enough
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   an
                   ill
                   Culture
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   defect
                   in
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   or
                   finally
                   ,
                   from
                   a
                   defect
                   in
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   not
                   well-condition'd
                   ,
                   either
                   before
                   it
                   was
                   Planted
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Planting
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   therefore
                   follows
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Soil
                   may
                   contribute
                   to
                   Distemper
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   happens
                   when
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   not
                   Fruitful
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   or
                   is
                   perhaps
                   become
                   so
                   by
                   being
                   exhausted
                   ,
                   or
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   too
                   dry
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   moist
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   when
                   ,
                   tho'
                   never
                   so
                   good
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   a
                   sufficient
                   quantity
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   remedy
                   all
                   those
                   kind
                   of
                   Inconvenients
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Soil
                   is
                   infertile
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   happens
                   in
                   many
                   places
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   but
                   clear
                   Sand
                   ,
                   the
                   Master
                   is
                   to
                   blame
                   to
                   have
                   Planted
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   defect
                   of
                   it
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   Corrected
                   ,
                   whatever
                   quantity
                   of
                   Dung
                   he
                   puts
                   into
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   only
                   Expedient
                   is
                   to
                   remove
                   that
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   better
                   Mould
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   Happy
                   are
                   those
                   who
                   can
                   meet
                   with
                   it
                   in
                   their
                   Neighbourhood
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   avoid
                   the
                   Trouble
                   and
                   Charge
                   of
                   fetching
                   it
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   worn
                   out
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   likely
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   some
                   better
                   about
                   
                   it
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   us'd
                   ,
                   unless
                   People
                   would
                   allow
                   it
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   years
                   time
                   to
                   lie
                   Fallow
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   amend
                   it
                   by
                   rest
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   pleasure
                   in
                   losing
                   so
                   much
                   time
                   :
                   When
                   we
                   resolve
                   to
                   make
                   this
                   Exchange
                   of
                   Mould
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   unwilling
                   to
                   remove
                   the
                   Tree
                   which
                   is
                   not
                   Old
                   ,
                   one
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   must
                   be
                   Prun'd
                   short
                   again
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   suffice
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   Year
                   ,
                   doing
                   the
                   same
                   again
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   two
                   years
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   :
                   Nothing
                   Exhausts
                   the
                   Ground
                   more
                   than
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Trees
                   lying
                   long
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ,
                   especially
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Neighbouring
                   Trees
                   ,
                   particularly
                   Pallisado's
                   of
                   
                     Elms
                     ;
                     Fruit-Trees
                  
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   Pine
                   ,
                   or
                   Perish
                   ,
                   if
                   that
                   Neighbourhood
                   subsists
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   too
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   light
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   Remedy
                   is
                   to
                   soak
                   it
                   often
                   with
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   Artificial
                   falls
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   by
                   ordering
                   Spouts
                   ,
                   or
                   ,
                   Dreins
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   Conduct
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   Rains
                   into
                   the
                   Squares
                   and
                   Bordures
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   explain'd
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   Treatise
                   about
                   Soils
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   too
                   moist
                   ,
                   that
                   part
                   must
                   be
                   rais'd
                   where
                   the
                   Trees
                   stand
                   ,
                   making
                   lower
                   Ridges
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   Waters
                   ,
                   and
                   Conduct
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Gardens
                   by
                   Gutters
                   ,
                   or
                   Aqueducts
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   of
                   Versailles
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   there
                   is
                   not
                   Mold
                   enough
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   augmented
                   ,
                   either
                   about
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   removing
                   all
                   the
                   ill
                   Mould
                   ,
                   to
                   put
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   laying
                   new
                   Mould
                   over
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   Mould
                   being
                   thus
                   amended
                   ,
                   without
                   doubt
                   the
                   Trees
                   will
                   thrive
                   better
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   grow
                   more
                   Vigorous
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   distemper
                   is
                   only
                   visible
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   yellowness
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ;
                   
                     Pear-Trees
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   
                   Quince-Stocks
                   ,
                   in
                   certain
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   always
                   grow
                   yellow
                   ,
                   tho'
                   the
                   Ground
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   pretty
                   good
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   good
                   and
                   certain
                   Advertisement
                   to
                   remove
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   place
                   others
                   in
                   their
                   room
                   upon
                   Free-Stocks
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   much
                   more
                   Vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   agree
                   better
                   in
                   an
                   indifferent
                   Soil
                   ,
                   than
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   
                     Peaches
                     Graffed
                  
                   upon
                   
                   Almond-Stocks
                   ,
                   cast
                   too
                   much
                   Gum
                   in
                   moist
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   others
                   must
                   be
                   Planted
                   upon
                   
                   Plum-Stocks
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   thrive
                   upon
                   
                   Plum-Stocks
                   in
                   Sandy
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   only
                   such
                   must
                   be
                   Planted
                   there
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   Graffed
                   upon
                   Almonds
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   the
                   Tree
                   appears
                   over-burthen'd
                   with
                   Branches
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   only
                   to
                   shoot
                   very
                   small
                   ones
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   eas'd
                   ,
                   until
                   it
                   begins
                   again
                   to
                   produce
                   fine
                   Shoots
                   ,
                   always
                   performing
                   that
                   Pruning
                   ,
                   by
                   lowering
                   the
                   uppermost
                   Branches
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   removing
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   cause
                   a
                   Confusion
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   observing
                   the
                   Maxims
                   I
                   have
                   establish'd
                   for
                   good
                   Pruning
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Distemper
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   Trees
                   being
                   ill-Condition'd
                   before
                   its
                   being
                   Planted
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   from
                   its
                   having
                   a
                   Scabby
                   poor
                   Foot
                   ,
                   half
                   dead
                   for
                   want
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   its
                   being
                   too
                   weak
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   is
                   to
                   pull
                   it
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   place
                   a
                   better
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   being
                   good
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   Planted
                   too
                   deep
                   ,
                   or
                   too
                   shallow
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   too
                   many
                   Roots
                   ,
                   the
                   best
                   expedient
                   is
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   up
                   again
                   ,
                   Prune
                   the
                   Roots
                   a-new
                   ,
                   and
                   Re-plant
                   it
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Art.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   to
                   all
                   these
                   Ends
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   necessary
                   to
                   keep
                   always
                   some
                   Dozens
                   of
                   good
                   Trees
                   in
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   to
                   place
                   new
                   ones
                   ready
                   grown
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   must
                   be
                   remov'd
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Trees
                   are
                   attack'd
                   with
                   some
                   Cankers
                   ,
                   you
                   must
                   with
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   a
                   Knife
                   remove
                   the
                   part
                   so
                   tainted
                   to
                   the
                   quick
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   apply
                   a
                   little
                   Cow-Dung
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   covering
                   it
                   with
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Linen
                   ,
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Rind
                   will
                   grow
                   over
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   cover
                   the
                   Wound
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   that
                   Accident
                   will
                   be
                   Cur'd
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Catterpillars
                   annoy
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   Care
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   remove
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Rats
                   gnaw
                   the
                   Barks
                   ,
                   Snares
                   and
                   Traps
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   for
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Distemper
                   is
                   suppos'd
                   to
                   proceed
                   from
                   Tons
                   ,
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   must
                   be
                   uncover'd
                   to
                   Extirpate
                   them
                   absolutely
                   ,
                   putting
                   new
                   Mould
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   the
                   old
                   ,
                   after
                   having
                   shortned
                   the
                   Roots
                   that
                   are
                   gnaw'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   Incurable
                   Distempers
                   of
                   our
                   Trees
                   ,
                   I
                   reckon
                   first
                   Old
                   Age
                   ;
                   when
                   for
                   Instance
                   ,
                   a
                   Pear-Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   Plum-Tree
                   has
                   serv'd
                   for
                   Thirty
                   ,
                   Forty
                   ,
                   or
                   Fifty
                   years
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   conclude
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   attain'd
                   a
                   decrepit
                   Age
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   has
                   perform'd
                   its
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   out
                   of
                   date
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   hopes
                   of
                   a
                   return
                   ,
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   taken
                   out
                   ,
                   not
                   leaving
                   any
                   of
                   its
                   Roots
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   putting
                   new
                   Mould
                   into
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   Plant
                   new
                   Trees
                   there
                   ,
                   when
                   People
                   are
                   desirous
                   of
                   seeing
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Place
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   I
                   reckon
                   the
                   Tigers
                   which
                   stick
                   to
                   the
                   back
                   of
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Wall-Pear-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   dry
                   them
                   up
                   by
                   sucking
                   all
                   the
                   green
                   Matter
                   that
                   was
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   Incurable
                   Distempers
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   imploy'd
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   strong
                   ,
                   sower
                   ,
                   corrosive
                   ,
                   stinking
                   Lees
                   ,
                   Viz.
                   of
                   Rue
                   ,
                   Tabacco
                   ,
                   Salt
                   ,
                   Vinegar
                   ,
                   &c.
                   to
                   wash
                   the
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   Branches
                   :
                   I
                   have
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Advice
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   ,
                   imploy'd
                   Oyl
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   smoak'd
                   them
                   with
                   
                   Brimstone
                   by
                   the
                   Advice
                   of
                   others
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   burnt
                   the
                   Old
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   I
                   have
                   scrap'd
                   the
                   back
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   Stem
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   the
                   Seed
                   sticks
                   :
                   I
                   daily
                   endeavour
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   some
                   new
                   Expedient
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   confess
                   freely
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   my
                   shame
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   never
                   succeeded
                   in
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   there
                   still
                   remains
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Seed
                   of
                   that
                   Cursed
                   Insect
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   or
                   other
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   and
                   June
                   ,
                   this
                   Seed
                   is
                   hatch'd
                   by
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   multiplies
                   
                     ad
                     Infinitum
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   things
                   must
                   be
                   done
                   ;
                   either
                   no
                   Pear-Trees
                   must
                   be
                   suffer'd
                   against
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   Espalier
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   violent
                   Remedy
                   ,
                   especially
                   for
                   small
                   
                     Muscat-Pears
                     ,
                     Burgamots
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Winter
                   Bon-Chretiens
                   ,
                   which
                   seldom
                   thrive
                   from
                   a
                   Wall
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   we
                   must
                   resolve
                   to
                   see
                   those
                   Tigers
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   contenting
                   our selves
                   with
                   burning
                   all
                   the
                   Leaves
                   yearly
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   cleansing
                   the
                   Trees
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   is
                   possible
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   I
                   reckon
                   among
                   the
                   Incurable
                   Distempers
                   the
                   Gum
                   ,
                   which
                   fastens
                   to
                   Peach-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Stone-Fruits
                   ;
                   when
                   it
                   only
                   appears
                   on
                   one
                   Branch
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   great
                   matter
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   cutting
                   the
                   said
                   Branch
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   inches
                   below
                   the
                   part
                   so
                   Distemper'd
                   ;
                   whereby
                   this
                   kind
                   of
                   Gangreen
                   is
                   hinder'd
                   from
                   extending
                   farther
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   Infallibly
                   do
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   stuck
                   about
                   the
                   Graff
                   ,
                   or
                   all
                   over
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   on
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   sole
                   Expedient
                   is
                   to
                   lose
                   no
                   more
                   time
                   about
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   to
                   remove
                   such
                   a
                   Tree
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   aforesaid
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   Gum
                   sometimes
                   proceeds
                   from
                   an
                   external
                   Accident
                   ,
                   for
                   instance
                   ,
                   from
                   a
                   Wound
                   which
                   has
                   been
                   made
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Incision
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   Scratch
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   from
                   an
                   Evil
                   inward
                   disposition
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Case
                   ,
                   that
                   Gum
                   is
                   nothing
                   but
                   a
                   spurted
                   Sap
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   subject
                   to
                   Corruption
                   ,
                   and
                   Rottenness
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   it
                   ceases
                   to
                   be
                   inclos'd
                   in
                   its
                   Ordinary
                   Channels
                   ,
                   which
                   lye
                   between
                   the
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Bark
                   ;
                   in
                   that
                   Case
                   the
                   Remedy
                   is
                   easie
                   ,
                   especially
                   when
                   it
                   happens
                   only
                   on
                   a
                   Branch
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   declar'd
                   in
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Article
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Distemper
                   affects
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   it
                   often
                   Cures
                   it self
                   by
                   a
                   knob
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Continuation
                   of
                   new
                   Bark
                   ,
                   which
                   extends
                   over
                   the
                   part
                   so
                   Wounded
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   apply
                   a
                   Plaister
                   of
                   Cow-dung
                   over
                   it
                   ,
                   cover'd
                   with
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Linen
                   ,
                   until
                   the
                   Wound
                   be
                   clos'd
                   :
                   When
                   the
                   Gum
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   inside
                   ,
                   I
                   judge
                   it
                   Incurable
                   on
                   the
                   Stem
                   ,
                   or
                   Roots
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   A
                   TREATISE
                   OF
                   THE
                   Graffs
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   AND
                   OF
                   NURSERIES
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XI
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Graffs
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     I
                     Never
                     Reflect
                     on
                     what
                     we
                     call
                     Graffing
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Advantage
                     which
                     accrues
                     from
                     thence
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Imbellishment
                     of
                     our
                     Gardens
                     ;
                     but
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     in
                     my
                     
                     mind
                     ,
                     I
                     compare
                     all
                     young
                     Persons
                     before
                     their
                     being
                     Educated
                     ,
                     to
                     so
                     many
                     Wildlings
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     .
                     It
                     really
                     seems
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     that
                     as
                     most
                     Trees
                     before
                     their
                     being
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     naturally
                     produce
                     none
                     but
                     ill
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     so
                     most
                     young
                     People
                     before
                     their
                     being
                     Instructed
                     ,
                     naturally
                     incline
                     to
                     Evil
                     ;
                     but
                     Education
                     intervening
                     like
                     ,
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     good
                     Graff
                     ,
                     to
                     inspire
                     them
                     with
                     Sentiments
                     conformable
                     to
                     Reason
                     ,
                     disposes
                     and
                     inclines
                     them
                     insensibly
                     to
                     Vertue
                     ,
                     purging
                     and
                     divesting
                     them
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     of
                     their
                     Evil
                     Inclinations
                     ;
                     insomuch
                     ,
                     that
                     being
                     afterwards
                     Influenc'd
                     by
                     good
                     Maxims
                     ,
                     they
                     no
                     longer
                     swerve
                     from
                     what
                     is
                     just
                     and
                     reasonable
                     ,
                     and
                     ever
                     receive
                     the
                     approbation
                     of
                     the
                     Wise
                     :
                     And
                     as
                     Education
                     is
                     the
                     Master-piece
                     of
                     Morality
                     ,
                     so
                     likewise
                     it
                     cannot
                     be
                     deny'd
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     Art
                     of
                     Graffing
                     is
                     what
                     is
                     most
                     considerable
                     in
                     Gard'ning
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Roman
                     Oratour
                     ,
                     conformably
                     to
                     many
                     others
                     among
                     the
                     Learned
                     ,
                     who
                     had
                     explain'd
                     themselves
                     upon
                     that
                     subject
                     before
                     him
                     ,
                     has
                     taken
                     delight
                     inspeaking
                     of
                     that
                     Invention
                     ,
                     in
                     terms
                     so
                     Noble
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     Elegant
                     ,
                     that
                     Posterity
                     has
                     been
                     Charm'd
                     with
                     it
                     :
                     In
                     effect
                     ,
                     he
                     expresses
                     the
                     singular
                     esteem
                     he
                     had
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     very
                     agreeably
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     without
                     seeming
                     to
                     insist
                     upon
                     the
                     praise
                     of
                     its
                     Ancientness
                     ,
                     being
                     willing
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     by
                     his
                     silence
                     to
                     incline
                     us
                     to
                     believe
                     that
                     the
                     Original
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     hardly
                     known
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     without
                     doubt
                     we
                     are
                     only
                     indebted
                     to
                     Chance
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     and
                     indeed
                     our
                     Books
                     of
                     Husbandry
                     ,
                     hardly
                     mention
                     any
                     thing
                     capable
                     of
                     giving
                     us
                     any
                     agreeable
                     useful
                     insight
                     into
                     it
                     ;
                     for
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     instance
                     ,
                     what
                     signifies
                     it
                     to
                     believe
                     ,
                     with
                     Theophrastus
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     receiv'd
                     the
                     first
                     Idea
                     of
                     Graffing
                     from
                     the
                     inside
                     of
                     the
                     Trunk
                     of
                     a
                     Tree's
                     having
                     produc'd
                     another
                     Tree
                     of
                     a
                     different
                     kind
                     ?
                     That
                     Author
                     ,
                     who
                     ,
                     to
                     maintain
                     his
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     lays
                     a
                     great
                     stress
                     upon
                     that
                     Adventure
                     ,
                     delights
                     in
                     reciting
                     the
                     whole
                     Story
                     at
                     length
                     ;
                     for
                     which
                     Reason
                     ,
                     he
                     adds
                     ,
                     that
                     a
                     Bird
                     having
                     swallow'd
                     a
                     whole
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     had
                     afterwards
                     voided
                     it
                     again
                     accidentally
                     in
                     the
                     hollow
                     of
                     that
                     Old
                     Tree
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     the
                     Rains
                     mixing
                     with
                     some
                     rotten
                     part
                     of
                     that
                     hollow
                     had
                     made
                     it
                     sprout
                     and
                     grow
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     it
                     was
                     become
                     a
                     new
                     Tree
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     kind
                     of
                     that
                     whence
                     this
                     Fruits
                     was
                     Originally
                     grown
                     ,
                     which
                     consequently
                     was
                     absolutely
                     different
                     from
                     that
                     hollow
                     
                     Tree
                     which
                     had
                     given
                     Birth
                     and
                     Nourishment
                     to
                     that
                     new
                     Tree
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     had
                     sprouted
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     What
                     signifies
                     it
                     likewise
                     for
                     me
                     to
                     believe
                     ,
                     with
                     Pliny
                     ,
                     that
                     this
                     Invention
                     of
                     Graffing
                     proceeds
                     rather
                     from
                     that
                     a
                     Plough-Man
                     ,
                     who
                     was
                     a
                     good
                     Husband
                     ,
                     being
                     desirous
                     to
                     secure
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     Land
                     against
                     the
                     Spoils
                     ,
                     he
                     dreaded
                     from
                     without
                     ,
                     unless
                     his
                     Field
                     was
                     well
                     inclos'd
                     ,
                     had
                     fenc'd
                     it
                     round
                     about
                     with
                     a
                     Pallisade
                     of
                     green
                     Poles
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     secure
                     those
                     Poles
                     from
                     rottenness
                     ,
                     thereby
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     last
                     the
                     longer
                     ,
                     he
                     had
                     bethought
                     himself
                     of
                     laying
                     into
                     the
                     ground
                     round
                     about
                     that
                     Field
                     Trunks
                     of
                     Ivy
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     design
                     to
                     intermix
                     ,
                     as
                     he
                     did
                     ,
                     the
                     inferiour
                     Extremity
                     of
                     those
                     Poles
                     into
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     those
                     Trunks
                     ,
                     from
                     whence
                     it
                     happen'd
                     ,
                     contrary
                     to
                     his
                     expectation
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     which
                     was
                     in
                     the
                     internal
                     parts
                     of
                     those
                     Trunks
                     ,
                     serv'd
                     for
                     a
                     nourishment
                     to
                     those
                     Poles
                     ,
                     just
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     had
                     been
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     good
                     Earth
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     in
                     process
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     they
                     grew
                     to
                     be
                     large
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     Now
                     Pliny
                     upon
                     this
                     Example
                     ,
                     and
                     Theophrastus
                     upon
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     lay
                     the
                     Foundation
                     of
                     the
                     Reflections
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     have
                     given
                     birth
                     to
                     the
                     Art
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ;
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     far
                     from
                     opposing
                     their
                     Arguments
                     ,
                     I
                     willingly
                     submit
                     to
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     am
                     very
                     ready
                     to
                     believe
                     that
                     those
                     two
                     Observations
                     may
                     have
                     given
                     some
                     insight
                     for
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     I
                     add
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     that
                     cleft
                     Graffs
                     have
                     undoubtedly
                     been
                     practis'd
                     first
                     ,
                     in
                     imitation
                     
                     of
                     the
                     Peasants
                     green
                     Poles
                     above
                     mention'd
                     :
                     The
                     success
                     of
                     those
                     has
                     since
                     put
                     our
                     Gardners
                     upon
                     trying
                     new
                     Experiments
                     for
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     find
                     very
                     useful
                     ;
                     therefore
                     I
                     own
                     that
                     we
                     can
                     never
                     praise
                     the
                     first
                     Authors
                     of
                     the
                     use
                     of
                     Graffing
                     too
                     much
                     ,
                     nor
                     sufficiently
                     publish
                     our
                     Obligation
                     to
                     them
                     for
                     the
                     main
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     innocent
                     pleasures
                     Fruit-Gardens
                     afford
                     us
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     is
                     most
                     certain
                     ,
                     that
                     without
                     this
                     admirable
                     Expedient
                     ,
                     we
                     should
                     to
                     this
                     hour
                     ,
                     be
                     all
                     poor
                     in
                     respect
                     to
                     the
                     different
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     since
                     every
                     body
                     should
                     have
                     been
                     reduc'd
                     to
                     the
                     necessity
                     of
                     being
                     satisfy'd
                     with
                     such
                     as
                     his
                     Climate
                     ,
                     or
                     Chance
                     had
                     afforded
                     him
                     ,
                     whether
                     good
                     ,
                     or
                     bad
                     :
                     It
                     is
                     the
                     Skill
                     of
                     Graffing
                     alone
                     which
                     has
                     made
                     the
                     first
                     Curioso's
                     ;
                     the
                     facility
                     of
                     Commerce
                     has
                     since
                     increas'd
                     the
                     number
                     
                       ad
                       Infinitum
                    
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     People
                     freely
                     and
                     generously
                     communitate
                     their
                     choicest
                     Production
                     to
                     one
                     
                     another
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     particularly
                     ,
                     because
                     such
                     Liberalities
                     do
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     impair
                     or
                     diminish
                     the
                     stock
                     or
                     abundance
                     of
                     the
                     Curious
                     :
                     And
                     in
                     truth
                     ,
                     can
                     any
                     thing
                     be
                     so
                     Delightful
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     Convenient
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     be
                     able
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     ,
                     by
                     an
                     easie
                     Multiplication
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     at
                     our
                     Command
                     ,
                     to
                     inrich
                     our selves
                     with
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     and
                     secondly
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     also
                     able
                     to
                     get
                     from
                     ,
                     and
                     send
                     to
                     distant
                     Countries
                     Reciprocally
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     a
                     very
                     easie
                     Rate
                     ,
                     wherewith
                     to
                     Entertain
                     the
                     Persons
                     of
                     the
                     greatest
                     Quality
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     the
                     most
                     solitary
                     Desarts
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     to
                     add
                     to
                     the
                     good
                     Cheer
                     of
                     Banquets
                     ,
                     and
                     relish
                     the
                     delicacy
                     of
                     the
                     Pallate
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     to
                     Charm
                     the
                     Curiosity
                     of
                     the
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     greediness
                     of
                     the
                     Nostrils
                     ?
                     But
                     above
                     all
                     ,
                     who
                     can
                     express
                     the
                     great
                     satisfaction
                     Gentlemen
                     receive
                     ,
                     who
                     have
                     made
                     it
                     their
                     business
                     to
                     Graff
                     in
                     their
                     Gardens
                     ?
                     For
                     Instance
                     ,
                     one
                     that
                     shall
                     have
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     
                     to
                     make
                     some
                     Wildling
                     change
                     its
                     Nature
                     ,
                     another
                     to
                     multiply
                     some
                     good
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     both
                     Cases
                     ,
                     nothing
                     can
                     equal
                     the
                     Transports
                     of
                     our
                     Gentleman
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     when
                     coming
                     to
                     injoy
                     the
                     Fruit
                     of
                     his
                     Industry
                     ,
                     he
                     shows
                     his
                     handy
                     work
                     ,
                     and
                     imparts
                     the
                     Fruits
                     it
                     has
                     produc'd
                     .
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     History
                     of
                     Great
                     Men
                     ,
                     who
                     have
                     delighted
                     in
                     this
                     Art
                     ,
                     has
                     sufficiently
                     mention'd
                     it
                     ,
                     without
                     my
                     inserting
                     any
                     Particulars
                     about
                     it
                     ;
                     therefore
                     I
                     shall
                     only
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     as
                     the
                     great
                     delight
                     of
                     the
                     Famous
                     Gard'ner
                     of
                     the
                     Georgicks
                     (
                     which
                     the
                     Poet
                     makes
                     no
                     scruple
                     of
                     Comparing
                     to
                     the
                     Pleasure
                     of
                     Kings
                     )
                     consisted
                     in
                     finding
                     at
                     his
                     coming
                     home
                     at
                     night
                     ,
                     wherewith
                     to
                     maintain
                     ,
                     and
                     treat
                     his
                     Family
                     ,
                     without
                     buying
                     any
                     thing
                     ,
                     (
                     no
                     body
                     can
                     question
                     but
                     it
                     was
                     with
                     the
                     Fruit
                     and
                     Legumes
                     of
                     his
                     Garden
                     ,
                     seconded
                     by
                     some
                     Profits
                     of
                     his
                     
                       Poultry
                       ,
                       Dairy
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     )
                     so
                     the
                     Pleasure
                     of
                     our
                     
                     Curioso's
                     consists
                     in
                     filling
                     their
                     Gardens
                     with
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     good
                     Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     cost
                     them
                     nothing
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     their
                     Nurseries
                     ,
                     without
                     reckoning
                     the
                     satisfaction
                     of
                     being
                     able
                     to
                     present
                     them
                     to
                     those
                     Friends
                     they
                     respect
                     and
                     value
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     were
                     perhaps
                     to
                     be
                     wish'd
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Case
                     of
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     that
                     People
                     had
                     been
                     satisfy'd
                     with
                     the
                     bare
                     improvement
                     of
                     that
                     fine
                     Invention
                     ,
                     without
                     pushing
                     it
                     to
                     excess
                     ,
                     and
                     tormenting
                     themselves
                     to
                     produce
                     monstrous
                     Fruits
                     by
                     a
                     world
                     of
                     Projects
                     ,
                     as
                     ridiculous
                     ,
                     as
                     useless
                     ;
                     our
                     Books
                     have
                     endeavour'd
                     to
                     perswade
                     us
                     about
                     the
                     success
                     thereof
                     ,
                     but
                     Ingenious
                     Men
                     give
                     but
                     little
                     Credit
                     to
                     them
                     :
                     I
                     believe
                     there
                     are
                     but
                     few
                     ,
                     who
                     upon
                     the
                     Report
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     Ancients
                     ,
                     have
                     made
                     it
                     their
                     business
                     to
                     
                       Graff
                       Vine
                    
                     upon
                     Wallnut
                     ,
                     or
                     Olive-Trees
                     ,
                     in
                     hopes
                     to
                     get
                     Bunches
                     of
                     Oyl
                     ,
                     or
                     to
                     Graff
                     good
                     Fruits
                     upon
                     Plain-Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     Ash
                     ,
                     and
                     Cherries
                     upon
                     
                       Lawrel
                       ,
                       Chesnuts
                    
                     upon
                     
                       Beach
                       Trees
                       ,
                       Oaks
                    
                     ,
                     upon
                     
                       Elms
                       ,
                       Wallnuts
                    
                     upon
                     a
                     Shrub
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     in
                     hopes
                     of
                     raising
                     new
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     tho'
                     with
                     submission
                     ,
                     and
                     respect
                     to
                     the
                     memory
                     of
                     Great
                     Men
                     ,
                     I
                     must
                     needs
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     their
                     Attempts
                     have
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     been
                     faulty
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     sufficient
                     that
                     all
                     good
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     may
                     be
                     Graffed
                     with
                     success
                     ,
                     
                     upon
                     Wildings
                     ,
                     or
                     other
                     Stocks
                     of
                     a
                     Nature
                     approaching
                     to
                     theirs
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     only
                     use
                     
                     we
                     ought
                     to
                     make
                     of
                     the
                     Visions
                     of
                     the
                     Curiosos
                     which
                     have
                     preceeded
                     us
                     ,
                     is
                     to
                     avoid
                     falling
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Inconvenience
                     with
                     them
                     ,
                     in
                     losing
                     so
                     much
                     time
                     and
                     Pains
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     have
                     done
                     in
                     making
                     a
                     thousand
                     such
                     Extraordinary
                     Essays
                     .
                  
                   
                     Now
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     enter
                     upon
                     the
                     Matter
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     know
                     ,
                     that
                     ,
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     else
                     where
                     ,
                     Graffing
                     and
                     Enter
                     ,
                     or
                     Ingrassing
                     ,
                     are
                     Sinonimous
                     Terms
                     ,
                     only
                     us'd
                     in
                     Gard'ning
                     ,
                     which
                     without
                     doubt
                     are
                     meerly
                     of
                     the
                     Institution
                     of
                     our
                     own
                     Tongue
                     ,
                     and
                     my
                     reason
                     for
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     have
                     no
                     relation
                     to
                     the
                     Latin
                     Term
                     Inserere
                     ,
                     which
                     apparently
                     has
                     preceeded
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     signifies
                     the
                     same
                     thing
                     ,
                     with
                     this
                     difference
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     much
                     more
                     significant
                     ;
                     But
                     however
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     as
                     perfect
                     a
                     Notion
                     of
                     it
                     as
                     we
                     can
                     ,
                     we
                     are
                     oblig'd
                     to
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     two
                     Terms
                     have
                     the
                     same
                     signification
                     as
                     the
                     Latin
                     Term
                     ,
                     to
                     Plant
                     part
                     of
                     some
                     Tree
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     valued
                     ,
                     upon
                     some
                     part
                     of
                     another
                     Tree
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     we
                     do
                     not
                     like
                     the
                     kind
                     ;
                     this
                     manner
                     of
                     Planting
                     is
                     very
                     singular
                     ,
                     and
                     causes
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Prince
                     of
                     Poets
                     tells
                     us
                     ,
                     the
                     head
                     of
                     that
                     last
                     Tree
                     to
                     change
                     its
                     kind
                     in
                     the
                     whole
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     part
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Intention
                     of
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     ;
                     thus
                     an
                     
                       Almond
                       Tree
                    
                     ,
                     becomes
                     a
                     
                       Peach
                       Tree
                    
                     ,
                     a
                     
                       Quince
                       Tree
                       ,
                       a
                       Pear-Tree
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     Another
                     Illustrious
                     Poet
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Age
                     ,
                     casually
                     speaking
                     about
                     that
                     manner
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     says
                     very
                     Ingeniously
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Adoption
                     Introduc'd
                     among
                     Trees
                     ,
                     by
                     means
                     of
                     which
                     good
                     Trees
                     are
                     Multiply'd
                     with
                     ease
                     ,
                     in
                     making
                     use
                     of
                     those
                     Stocks
                     which
                     produc'd
                     none
                     that
                     were
                     good
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     alteration
                     of
                     Kind
                     ,
                     or
                     this
                     Adoption
                     cannot
                     be
                     perform'd
                     ,
                     without
                     some
                     operations
                     ,
                     
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     very
                     names
                     are
                     Capable
                     to
                     strike
                     People
                     with
                     Horror
                     ,
                     Heads
                     to
                     be
                     Saw'd
                     ,
                     Arms
                     to
                     be
                     Cut
                     ,
                     Bodies
                     to
                     be
                     split
                     ,
                     Ligatures
                     ,
                     Plaisters
                     ,
                     Incisions
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     The
                     explication
                     of
                     what
                     relates
                     to
                     this
                     matter
                     of
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     will
                     unriddle
                     this
                     Mystery
                     clearly
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     first
                     Place
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     noted
                     ,
                     that
                     Graffing
                     is
                     not
                     perform'd
                     all
                     the
                     Year
                     round
                     ,
                     but
                     only
                     in
                     certain
                     Months
                     ;
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     relation
                     to
                     the
                     Trees
                     you
                     Graff
                     upon
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     of
                     necessity
                     Cut
                     and
                     retrench
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     immediately
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     other
                     times
                     ,
                     only
                     five
                     or
                     six
                     Months
                     after
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     a
                     considerable
                     part
                     ,
                     either
                     of
                     the
                     Stem
                     or
                     Branches
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     without
                     meddling
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     with
                     what
                     we
                     call
                     the
                     Foot
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     :
                     This
                     Tree
                     being
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     Ignorant
                     of
                     what
                     has
                     been
                     done
                     to
                     its
                     Superiour
                     Part
                     ,
                     and
                     Subsisting
                     still
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     continuing
                     to
                     Act
                     in
                     the
                     Ground
                     as
                     it
                     us'd
                     to
                     do
                     ,
                     and
                     tho
                     it
                     no
                     longer
                     has
                     occasion
                     to
                     Nourish
                     either
                     the
                     Stem
                     or
                     Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     had
                     Originally
                     produc'd
                     ,
                     and
                     were
                     its
                     real
                     Offspring
                     ;
                     this
                     Foot
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     in
                     obedience
                     to
                     the
                     Gard'ners
                     Industry
                     ,
                     labours
                     to
                     stretch
                     out
                     ,
                     thicken
                     ,
                     multiply
                     ,
                     and
                     cause
                     to
                     Fructify
                     ,
                     either
                     the
                     bare
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     foreign
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     Substituted
                     ,
                     while
                     small
                     ,
                     upon
                     its
                     Stem
                     or
                     Branches
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     new
                     Branches
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     sequel
                     ,
                     taking
                     the
                     room
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     retrench'd
                     ,
                     become
                     the
                     Adopted
                     Children
                     of
                     that
                     Foot
                     ,
                     and
                     Joyn
                     so
                     perfectly
                     and
                     so
                     closely
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     appear
                     to
                     be
                     absolutely
                     its
                     Legitimate
                     Offspring
                     ;
                     whence
                     it
                     follows
                     ,
                     that
                     its
                     Function
                     for
                     the
                     Future
                     ,
                     is
                     no
                     other
                     than
                     to
                     serve
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     Nurse
                     to
                     these
                     new
                     Infants
                     :
                  
                   
                     In
                     order
                     to
                     understand
                     this
                     Description
                     of
                     Graffs
                     perfectly
                     ,
                     which
                     hitherto
                     appears
                     obscure
                     and
                     enigmatick
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Place
                     to
                     declare
                     the
                     different
                     kinds
                     of
                     Graffs
                     that
                     are
                     in
                     use
                     :
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     the
                     proper
                     time
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     finally
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     making
                     them
                     well
                     ;
                     there
                     are
                     great
                     differences
                     among
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     others
                     .
                     In
                     the
                     next
                     Place
                     we
                     shall
                     add
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     proper
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     a
                     Natural
                     Disposition
                     to
                     receive
                     certain
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     can
                     agree
                     with
                     no
                     other
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       kind
                       of
                       Graffs
                       that
                       are
                       in
                       use
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Graffs
                     that
                     are
                     most
                     commonly
                     us'd
                     are
                     
                       Inarching
                       ,
                       Budding
                    
                     or
                     Inoculating
                     ,
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     the
                     Crown
                     ,
                     or
                     Graff's
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     ,
                     and
                     Whip-Graffing
                     .
                  
                   
                     Inarching
                     is
                     for
                     
                       Chesnuts
                       ,
                       Marons
                       ,
                       Fig-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     Budding
                     or
                     Inoculateing
                     is
                     for
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     both
                     Kernel
                     and
                     Stone
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     for
                     other
                     Trees
                     that
                     bear
                     no
                     Fruit.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Cleft
                     is
                     also
                     proper
                     for
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     good
                     
                       Fruit
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     for
                     other
                     great
                     Trees
                     ,
                     provided
                     both
                     the
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     have
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Inches
                     Circumference
                     at
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     the
                     Graff
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     perform'd
                     ;
                     Clefts
                     are
                     not
                     generally
                     so
                     proper
                     
                     for
                     Stone
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     especially
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     Kernel
                     Fruit
                     ;
                     the
                     Curiosos
                     of
                     some
                     Provinces
                     in
                     Guyenne
                     affirm
                     the
                     Contrary
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Crown
                     or
                     Graffs
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     Whip-Graffing
                     ,
                     are
                     particularly
                     for
                     thick
                     Branches
                     ,
                     or
                     for
                     thick
                     shorten'd
                     Stems
                     of
                     Kernel
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     nought
                     for
                     Stone
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     for
                     all
                     Branches
                     and
                     Stems
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     Size
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     too
                     weak
                     to
                     press
                     their
                     Graffs
                     sufficiently
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XIII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Proper
                       Times
                       to
                       Graff
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Proper
                     Times
                     to
                     Graff
                     ,
                     are
                     First
                     ,
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     the
                     Sap
                     ,
                     being
                     risen
                     into
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     the
                     Branches
                     of
                     the
                     preceeding
                     years
                     Growth
                     ,
                     without
                     the
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     having
                     shot
                     yet
                     ,
                     the
                     Bark
                     loosens
                     easily
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     stript
                     with
                     ease
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     necessary
                     for
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Graffs
                     in
                     question
                     .
                     This
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     is
                     only
                     proper
                     for
                     Inarching
                     ,
                     which
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     ,
                     is
                     only
                     fit
                     for
                     
                       Chesnut
                       ,
                       Maron
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     The
                     middle
                     of
                     June
                     is
                     proper
                     for
                     Inoculating
                     ,
                     *
                     which
                     is
                     only
                     to
                     be
                     us'd
                     for
                     certain
                     Stone
                     Fruits
                     ;
                     for
                     Instance
                     ,
                     for
                     
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Morellos
                    
                     and
                     Bigarreaux
                     ,
                     upon
                     a
                     small
                     bitter
                     Wild-Cherry
                     ,
                     and
                     Peaches
                     upon
                     old
                     
                       Almond-Trees
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     The
                     Months
                     of
                     July
                     and
                     August
                     ,
                     for
                     Budding
                     or
                     
                       Inoculating
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     by
                     the
                     small
                     Vigour
                     of
                     their
                     Foot
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     excessive
                     Heat
                     and
                     Draughts
                     which
                     happen
                     sometimes
                     at
                     that
                     Time
                     ,
                     seem
                     to
                     have
                     a
                     visible
                     ,
                     if
                     not
                     total
                     dimunition
                     of
                     Sap
                     ;
                     for
                     you
                     must
                     know
                     ,
                     that
                     this
                     way
                     of
                     Inoculating
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     close
                     Eye
                     or
                     shut
                     Bud
                     ,
                     requires
                     but
                     little
                     Sap
                     ,
                     particularly
                     from
                     the
                     Stock
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     ,
                     after
                     having
                     made
                     the
                     necessary
                     Incision
                     ,
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     must
                     be
                     apply'd
                     :
                     Too
                     great
                     an
                     abundance
                     of
                     Sap
                     in
                     the
                     Stock
                     is
                     pernicious
                     to
                     that
                     apply'd
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     commonly
                     Drown'd
                     there
                     with
                     Gum
                     ,
                     whereas
                     it
                     should
                     only
                     stick
                     ,
                     without
                     meeting
                     any
                     thing
                     there
                     for
                     the
                     remainder
                     of
                     the
                     year
                     capable
                     of
                     making
                     it
                     Shoot
                     ;
                     it
                     stands
                     in
                     need
                     but
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     small
                     help
                     to
                     preserve
                     it
                     from
                     Death
                     ,
                     in
                     expectation
                     of
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     vigorous
                     Resurrection
                     ,
                     which
                     the
                     Spring
                     Promises
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     recovers
                     out
                     of
                     its
                     Lethargy
                     ;
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Twig
                     from
                     whence
                     the
                     Bud
                     is
                     taken
                     ,
                     it
                     can
                     never
                     have
                     too
                     much
                     Sap
                     ,
                     provided
                     the
                     Bark
                     be
                     sufficiently
                     well
                     nourish'd
                     to
                     strip
                     with
                     ease
                     from
                     the
                     Wood
                     it
                     covers
                     ,
                     and
                     take
                     along
                     with
                     it
                     the
                     Internal
                     Sprout
                     which
                     forms
                     the
                     principal
                     part
                     of
                     that
                     Scutcheon
                     ;
                     the
                     Common
                     Stocks
                     which
                     are
                     Budded
                     upon
                     ,
                     during
                     those
                     two
                     Months
                     ,
                     are
                     Plum-Stocks
                     ,
                     for
                     Plums
                     ,
                     or
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     young
                     Almond-Stocks
                     Planted
                     in
                     an
                     ill
                     Ground
                     for
                     
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       Quince-Stocks
                    
                     for
                     
                       Pears
                       ,
                       White-Thorns
                    
                     for
                     
                       Apricocks
                       ;
                       Paradice-Stocks
                    
                     and
                     Apple-Wildlings
                     ,
                     for
                     good
                     Apples
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Month
                     of
                     September
                     is
                     proper
                     for
                     
                       Inoculating
                       Peach-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     upon
                     Vigorous
                     Peach-Stocks
                     ,
                     or
                     young
                     Almond-Stocks
                     ,
                     of
                     that
                     years
                     Groweth
                     ;
                     Planted
                     in
                     good
                     Ground
                     ,
                     both
                     the
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     have
                     the
                     gift
                     of
                     preserving
                     abundance
                     of
                     Sap
                     very
                     safe
                     ;
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     only
                     fit
                     to
                     Bud
                     upon
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     Time
                     of
                     the
                     Declining
                     of
                     that
                     Sap.
                     
                  
                   
                     We
                     might
                     Graff
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     
                       November
                       ,
                       December
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     January
                     ,
                     but
                     one
                     is
                     never
                     the
                     more
                     forward
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     Contrary
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     much
                     to
                     be
                     fear'd
                     that
                     the
                     Graffs
                     would
                     Wither
                     and
                     absolutely
                     Perrish
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     during
                     these
                     Three
                     Months
                     ,
                     they
                     receive
                     no
                     assistance
                     from
                     the
                     Root
                     ,
                     which
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     Cold
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     ,
                     benum'd
                     of
                     all
                     its
                     Vegetative
                     Functions
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     February
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     considerable
                     part
                     of
                     March
                     ,
                     are
                     admirable
                     for
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     Whip-Graffing
                     ,
                     but
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     understood
                     ,
                     when
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     Colds
                     of
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     the
                     Season
                     is
                     not
                     forward
                     ,
                     and
                     Consequently
                     the
                     Trees
                     not
                     yet
                     enter'd
                     into
                     Sap
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     before
                     the
                     Bark
                     quits
                     the
                     Wood
                     ;
                     for
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     ever
                     it
                     loosens
                     ,
                     such
                     Trees
                     can
                     no
                     longer
                     be
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     that
                     year
                     .
                     Therefore
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     ,
                     to
                     provide
                     betimes
                     ,
                     particularly
                     against
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     Graffs
                     of
                     
                       Pears
                       ,
                       Apples
                       ,
                       Plums
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     especially
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     to
                     come
                     from
                     distant
                     Countries
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     end
                     of
                     March
                     in
                     mild
                     Springs
                     ,
                     I
                     mean
                     such
                     ,
                     which
                     instead
                     of
                     being
                     accompani'd
                     with
                     Snows
                     ,
                     and
                     small
                     Frosts
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     usual
                     ,
                     are
                     Hot
                     and
                     Moist
                     ;
                     the
                     first
                     half
                     of
                     April
                     ,
                     particularly
                     is
                     very
                     favourable
                     for
                     the
                     Crown
                     ;
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     must
                     of
                     necessity
                     be
                     sufficiently
                     risen
                     into
                     those
                     shorten'd
                     Trunks
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     divide
                     the
                     Bark
                     from
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     with
                     small
                     wedges
                     made
                     of
                     Box
                     ,
                     or
                     Ebony
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     faclitate
                     the
                     Lodging
                     of
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     that
                     has
                     been
                     prepar'd
                     on
                     purpose
                     for
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Month
                     of
                     April
                     is
                     only
                     proper
                     to
                     Graff
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Apple-Trees
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Trees
                     are
                     not
                     so
                     easily
                     mov'd
                     to
                     produce
                     Sap
                     as
                     other
                     Fruit-Trees
                     are
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     declar'd
                     already
                     ,
                     the
                     only
                     time
                     to
                     Graff
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     before
                     the
                     Trees
                     begin
                     to
                     Blossom
                     and
                     Shoot
                     ;
                     the
                     said
                     Month
                     of
                     April
                     is
                     likewise
                     Convenient
                     to
                     
                       Graff
                       Vines
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     can
                     only
                     be
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     upon
                     Trunks
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XIV
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       manner
                       of
                       Performing
                       all
                       manner
                       of
                       Graffs
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     HAving
                     Explain'd
                     the
                     different
                     sort
                     of
                     Graffs
                     that
                     are
                     now
                     in
                     use
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     different
                     
                     Months
                     of
                     the
                     Year
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     proper
                     for
                     each
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     there
                     still
                     remains
                     to
                     explain
                     the
                     proper
                     manner
                     of
                     performing
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     begin
                     with
                     the
                     Description
                     of
                     the
                     Graffing-Knife
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Blade
                     of
                     this
                     Graffing-Knife
                     must
                     be
                     about
                     two
                     Inches
                     long
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     small
                     Handle
                     ,
                     a
                     full
                     Inch
                     longer
                     than
                     the
                     Blade
                     ,
                     or
                     ordinary
                     Knives
                     ,
                     the
                     overplus
                     of
                     the
                     Handle
                     must
                     be
                     flatten'd
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     and
                     made
                     round
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     Edges
                     of
                     that
                     Extremity
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     serve
                     to
                     loosen
                     the
                     Rind
                     of
                     the
                     Wildlings
                     with
                     ease
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     apply'd
                     ;
                     the
                     most
                     Convenient
                     Graffing-Knives
                     ,
                     are
                     those
                     which
                     close
                     within
                     the
                     Handle
                     ,
                     like
                     Pruning-Knives
                     ,
                     or
                     like
                     the
                     Common
                     Pocket-Knives
                     that
                     are
                     made
                     to
                     fold
                     .
                  
                   
                     Now
                     since
                     in
                     the
                     order
                     I
                     have
                     observ'd
                     for
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     begun
                     with
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     perform'd
                     first
                     in
                     the
                     finest
                     Season
                     of
                     the
                     Year
                     ,
                     
                       viz.
                       Inarching
                    
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     proper
                     to
                     begin
                     this
                     Chapter
                     with
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     doing
                     it
                     as
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     succeed
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     the
                     Twig
                     that
                     is
                     designed
                     to
                     Graff
                     with
                     ,
                     which
                     you
                     must
                     hold
                     in
                     your
                     hand
                     before
                     you
                     begin
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     necessary
                     Comparisons
                     the
                     better
                     ,
                     between
                     the
                     Twig
                     and
                     the
                     Branch
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     ,
                     either
                     with
                     Thred
                     ,
                     Rush
                     ,
                     Ribbon
                     ,
                     &c.
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     this
                     Twig
                     must
                     be
                     exactly
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     thickness
                     with
                     the
                     Branch
                     you
                     are
                     to
                     Graff
                     upon
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     being
                     thicker
                     or
                     smaller
                     ,
                     the
                     Graff
                     will
                     not
                     succeed
                     .
                     Next
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     chuse
                     a
                     fine
                     Place
                     upon
                     the
                     said
                     Twig
                     ,
                     having
                     two
                     good
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     ,
                     looking
                     regularly
                     the
                     one
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     your
                     Graffing-Knife
                     ,
                     or
                     other
                     sharp
                     Instrument
                     you
                     must
                     cut
                     the
                     Bark
                     of
                     the
                     Piece
                     you
                     are
                     to
                     take
                     off
                     for
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     Circularly
                     to
                     the
                     very
                     Wood
                     ,
                     both
                     at
                     the
                     top
                     and
                     bottom
                     ;
                     you
                     must
                     take
                     off
                     all
                     the
                     Bark
                     which
                     covers
                     the
                     smallest
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     Twig
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     that
                     Piece
                     come
                     out
                     there
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     taken
                     off
                     after
                     having
                     loosen'd
                     it
                     from
                     its
                     Wood
                     ,
                     by
                     twisting
                     it
                     gently
                     with
                     the
                     Thumb
                     :
                     But
                     before
                     you
                     take
                     it
                     quite
                     out
                     of
                     its
                     Place
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     shorten
                     the
                     Branch
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     ,
                     four
                     or
                     five
                     Inches
                     ,
                     and
                     without
                     wounding
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     strip
                     it
                     intirely
                     in
                     a
                     very
                     sound
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     smooth
                     place
                     ,
                     unto
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     where
                     the
                     Graff
                     is
                     to
                     come
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     fit
                     it
                     so
                     exactly
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     rather
                     be
                     thought
                     it
                     grew
                     there
                     Naturally
                     ,
                     than
                     by
                     Art
                     ,
                     and
                     immediately
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     not
                     to
                     permit
                     a
                     small
                     Moisture
                     which
                     lyes
                     round
                     about
                     the
                     part
                     so
                     stript
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Sap
                     newly
                     risen
                     ,
                     to
                     Evaporate
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     make
                     an
                     end
                     of
                     taking
                     the
                     piece
                     that
                     is
                     design'd
                     for
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     its
                     Place
                     ,
                     and
                     Lodge
                     it
                     with
                     all
                     the
                     Diligence
                     ,
                     and
                     dexterity
                     imaginable
                     within
                     the
                     Branch
                     so
                     stript
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     't
                     is
                     to
                     remain
                     ,
                     and
                     
                     finally
                     to
                     hinder
                     the
                     moisture
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     from
                     penetrating
                     into
                     the
                     space
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     that
                     is
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     that
                     is
                     newly
                     applied
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     raise
                     small
                     Shavings
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     round
                     about
                     the
                     Superiour
                     Extremity
                     of
                     that
                     Graff
                     ,
                     without
                     putting
                     them
                     off
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     them
                     hang
                     like
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Ruff
                     on
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     that
                     Bark
                     ,
                     to
                     cover
                     ,
                     and
                     shelter
                     it
                     from
                     the
                     Injuries
                     of
                     the
                     Air.
                     
                  
                   
                     Inocculating
                     or
                     
                       Budding
                       ,
                       A
                       la
                       Pouce
                    
                     ,
                     (
                     which
                     I
                     take
                     to
                     be
                     with
                     an
                     open
                     Bud
                     )
                     and
                     with
                     the
                     close
                     Eye
                     ,
                     or
                     shut
                     Bud
                     ,
                     only
                     differ
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Time
                     of
                     performing
                     them
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     
                     observ'd
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     both
                     perform'd
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     ,
                     the
                     first
                     thing
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     it
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     take
                     from
                     the
                     Tree
                     you
                     design
                     to
                     Graff
                     with
                     ,
                     Cyons
                     of
                     that
                     years
                     Growth
                     perfectly
                     at
                     a
                     stand
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     you
                     find
                     good
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     ,
                     likewise
                     at
                     a
                     stand
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     those
                     which
                     have
                     been
                     first
                     form'd
                     since
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     form'd
                     last
                     being
                     too
                     tender
                     to
                     Succeed
                     :
                     As
                     soon
                     as
                     those
                     Twigs
                     are
                     cut
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     take
                     off
                     the
                     Leaves
                     close
                     to
                     the
                     Place
                     where
                     they
                     stick
                     to
                     their
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     the
                     Eyes
                     or
                     Buds
                     will
                     not
                     Wither
                     so
                     soon
                     ;
                     the
                     Cyons
                     may
                     be
                     preserv'd
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     days
                     ,
                     provided
                     the
                     Butt
                     end
                     be
                     plac'd
                     in
                     Water
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     thing
                     that
                     is
                     Moist
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Twig
                     not
                     above
                     half
                     a
                     Foot
                     long
                     ;
                     insomuch
                     that
                     one
                     may
                     very
                     well
                     cut
                     a
                     Twig
                     that
                     is
                     two
                     Foot
                     long
                     into
                     several
                     Pieces
                     :
                     With
                     these
                     two
                     Precautions
                     you
                     may
                     very
                     well
                     send
                     those
                     Twigs
                     newly
                     cut
                     from
                     the
                     Tree
                     ,
                     thirty
                     or
                     forty
                     Leagues
                     off
                     (
                     Note
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     Twigs
                     taken
                     from
                     Peach-Trees
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     seldom
                     take
                     any
                     Scutcheons
                     from
                     them
                     ,
                     unless
                     the
                     Eyes
                     be
                     double
                     or
                     treble
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     unless
                     you
                     find
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     a
                     growing
                     Branch
                     accompani'd
                     with
                     Leaves
                     ,
                     and
                     two
                     beginnings
                     of
                     
                       Fruit
                       Buds
                    
                     to
                     the
                     Right
                     and
                     Left
                     ,
                     or
                     other
                     Branches
                     to
                     come
                     )
                     as
                     for
                     other
                     
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       Pears
                       ,
                       Apples
                       ,
                       Plums
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     a
                     single
                     Eye
                     is
                     as
                     good
                     as
                     a
                     double
                     ,
                     or
                     treble
                     one
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     Scutcheons
                     of
                     Kernel
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     they
                     can
                     hardly
                     be
                     taken
                     off
                     otherwise
                     than
                     with
                     a
                     Piece
                     of
                     Wood
                     :
                     When
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     is
                     taken
                     off
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     look
                     whether
                     the
                     inward
                     Sprout
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     Channel
                     through
                     which
                     the
                     Sap
                     is
                     Communicated
                     for
                     the
                     Production
                     of
                     a
                     new
                     Branch
                     ,
                     hold
                     to
                     the
                     said
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     must
                     absolutely
                     do
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     so
                     you
                     shall
                     hold
                     this
                     Scutcheon
                     in
                     your
                     Mouth
                     ,
                     only
                     between
                     your
                     Lips
                     by
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     Stalk
                     of
                     the
                     remaining
                     Leaves
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     Spittle
                     might
                     prejudice
                     it
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     take
                     care
                     to
                     separate
                     the
                     Rind
                     dexterously
                     ,
                     by
                     degrees
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     flaten'd
                     end
                     of
                     your
                     Knife
                     ,
                     without
                     leaving
                     any
                     thing
                     along
                     the
                     two
                     long
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Incision
                     ,
                     being
                     careful
                     that
                     the
                     Incision
                     may
                     be
                     somewhat
                     longer
                     towards
                     the
                     Point
                     than
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     then
                     take
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     out
                     of
                     your
                     Mouth
                     ,
                     and
                     presenting
                     the
                     pointed
                     part
                     thereof
                     to
                     the
                     Horizontal
                     Incision
                     ,
                     make
                     it
                     slide
                     down
                     all
                     along
                     the
                     Incision
                     ;
                     insomuch
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     Lodg'd
                     there
                     intirely
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     fill
                     up
                     all
                     that
                     part
                     which
                     is
                     stript
                     at
                     the
                     Head
                     of
                     the
                     Incision
                     ,
                     and
                     finally
                     that
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Bark
                     that
                     are
                     loosen'd
                     ,
                     may
                     afterwards
                     come
                     to
                     cover
                     all
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     excepting
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     this
                     being
                     done
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     take
                     course
                     flat
                     Flax
                     ,
                     wherewith
                     you
                     must
                     gently
                     ,
                     and
                     neatly
                     ,
                     tye
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     the
                     loosen'd
                     Bark
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                     Branch
                     together
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     they
                     may
                     the
                     better
                     joyn
                     together
                     ,
                     and
                     there
                     ends
                     the
                     Mystery
                     of
                     Inoculating
                     ,
                     or
                     Budding
                     ,
                     with
                     this
                     difference
                     only
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     perform'd
                     in
                     *
                     June
                     ,
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     or
                     Stem
                     so
                     Budded
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     immediately
                     shorten'd
                     within
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Inches
                     of
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ;
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     being
                     hinder'd
                     from
                     ascending
                     higher
                     (
                     as
                     it
                     naturally
                     would
                     do
                     )
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     forc'd
                     to
                     enter
                     into
                     that
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     shoot
                     soon
                     after
                     :
                     Meriziers
                     ,
                     a
                     small
                     wild
                     bitter
                     Cherry
                     ,
                     so
                     Budded
                     ,
                     commonly
                     succeed
                     better
                     than
                     any
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     better
                     than
                     
                       Peach-Trees
                       Budded
                    
                     in
                     June
                     ,
                     either
                     upon
                     other
                     
                       Peach
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Old
                     
                       Almond
                       Trees
                    
                     ;
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     very
                     subject
                     to
                     perish
                     with
                     Gum
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     by
                     an
                     over-abundance
                     of
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     in
                     the
                     Trees
                     that
                     are
                     Inoculated
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     finding
                     a
                     sufficient
                     Issue
                     at
                     the
                     overture
                     of
                     the
                     Eye
                     of
                     that
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     comes
                     out
                     at
                     the
                     Incision
                     ,
                     there
                     Congeals
                     like
                     Blood
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Veins
                     ,
                     and
                     absolutely
                     destroys
                     the
                     said
                     Scutcheon
                     ;
                     but
                     when
                     this
                     Inoculation
                     is
                     perform'd
                     with
                     a
                     close
                     Eye
                     ,
                     or
                     shut
                     Bud
                     ,
                     neither
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     or
                     Stem
                     so
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     immediately
                     shorten'd
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     tarry
                     until
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     March
                     following
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     time
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     begins
                     to
                     mount
                     up
                     into
                     the
                     Trees
                     again
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     proper
                     time
                     to
                     shorten
                     them
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     we
                     have
                     express'd
                     for
                     the
                     Budding
                     in
                     June
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     reason
                     serving
                     for
                     both
                     ,
                     provided
                     always
                     ,
                     that
                     before
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     during
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     the
                     Flax
                     which
                     did
                     tie
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     has
                     been
                     cut
                     neatly
                     ,
                     without
                     wounding
                     the
                     Bark
                     that
                     was
                     cover'd
                     by
                     the
                     said
                     Flax
                     ;
                     for
                     unless
                     it
                     were
                     cut
                     ,
                     all
                     the
                     part
                     so
                     tied
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     is
                     above
                     it
                     ,
                     would
                     be
                     apt
                     to
                     perish
                     for
                     want
                     of
                     a
                     sufficient
                     passage
                     for
                     the
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     would
                     ascend
                     to
                     the
                     Extremity
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     all
                     pains
                     taken
                     about
                     the
                     Inoculation
                     ,
                     would
                     prove
                     vain
                     ,
                     while
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     below
                     it
                     ,
                     would
                     shoot
                     abundance
                     of
                     Wild
                     Twigs
                     ,
                     of
                     no
                     use
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Description
                     of
                     the
                     Cleft
                     we
                     have
                     in
                     the
                     Georgicks
                     ,
                     tho'
                     admirable
                     in
                     it self
                     ,
                     might
                     
                     yet
                     be
                     much
                     better
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     more
                     compleat
                     ,
                     more
                     particular
                     ,
                     and
                     more
                     instructive
                     ;
                     it
                     only
                     tells
                     us
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     Perform
                     this
                     Graff
                     ,
                     the
                     head
                     of
                     the
                     Trees
                     must
                     be
                     cut
                     off
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     part
                     where
                     the
                     Stem
                     appears
                     most
                     even
                     ,
                     and
                     least
                     knotty
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     must
                     cleave
                     the
                     said
                     Stock
                     pretty
                     deep
                     with
                     Wedges
                     ,
                     and
                     finally
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     must
                     lodge
                     Cyons
                     of
                     better
                     Fruits
                     into
                     those
                     Clefts
                     ,
                     which
                     in
                     time
                     produce
                     fine
                     large
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Reading
                     of
                     that
                     Description
                     does
                     not
                     appear
                     sufficient
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     to
                     Instruct
                     a
                     new
                     Learner
                     in
                     the
                     Art
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     to
                     perform
                     it
                     as
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     deficient
                     in
                     several
                     Articles
                     ,
                     First
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     does
                     not
                     inform
                     us
                     that
                     we
                     may
                     not
                     only
                     Graff
                     upon
                     thick
                     shorten'd
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     done
                     upon
                     several
                     Branches
                     of
                     Trees
                     ,
                     either
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     or
                     tall
                     Standards
                     ,
                     even
                     upon
                     Stocks
                     of
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Inches
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     provided
                     they
                     be
                     capable
                     of
                     suffering
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     closing
                     the
                     Graff
                     sufficiently
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     is
                     defective
                     in
                     the
                     Second
                     place
                     ,
                     in
                     not
                     specifying
                     the
                     proper
                     time
                     for
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Graffs
                     .
                     We
                     have
                     explain'd
                     it
                     already
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     It
                     is
                     defective
                     ,
                     in
                     not
                     fixing
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     Twigs
                     that
                     are
                     employ'd
                     about
                     it
                     :
                     We
                     commonly
                     regulate
                     it
                     to
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Inches
                     in
                     length
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     upon
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     three
                     good
                     Buds
                     at
                     least
                     ,
                     which
                     the
                     Graff
                     must
                     have
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     deficient
                     ,
                     in
                     neither
                     teaching
                     us
                     how
                     to
                     Prune
                     the
                     Graffs
                     well
                     ,
                     nor
                     how
                     to
                     place
                     them
                     so
                     exactly
                     in
                     the
                     only
                     places
                     that
                     are
                     proper
                     for
                     them
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     of
                     the
                     Foot
                     may
                     enter
                     securely
                     into
                     them
                     :
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Pruning
                     of
                     those
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     perform
                     it
                     well
                     ,
                     the
                     Butt-end
                     of
                     them
                     must
                     be
                     Cut
                     with
                     a
                     very
                     sharp
                     Pruning-Knife
                     ,
                     on
                     both
                     sides
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     about
                     half
                     a
                     large
                     Inch
                     in
                     length
                     ,
                     preserving
                     on
                     the
                     two
                     sides
                     which
                     Edge
                     that
                     Figure
                     of
                     a
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     some
                     Bark
                     sticking
                     very
                     close
                     to
                     the
                     Wood
                     ;
                     the
                     side
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     most
                     outward
                     must
                     be
                     somewhat
                     broader
                     ,
                     and
                     thicker
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     other
                     which
                     is
                     inward
                     ,
                     and
                     precisely
                     on
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     that
                     Bark
                     preserv'd
                     for
                     the
                     outside
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     have
                     a
                     good
                     Eye
                     ,
                     or
                     Bud
                     ,
                     as
                     high
                     as
                     the
                     edge
                     of
                     the
                     shorten'd
                     Stock
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     upper
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ;
                     and
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     well-placing
                     of
                     the
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     the
                     inside
                     of
                     the
                     Barks
                     ,
                     both
                     of
                     the
                     Wildling
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     so
                     exactly
                     sitted
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     rising
                     from
                     the
                     Foot
                     ,
                     may
                     as
                     easily
                     enter
                     into
                     the
                     space
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     of
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     as
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     of
                     the
                     Stock
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Branches
                       Graffed
                    
                     upon
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Description
                     is
                     likewise
                     deficient
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Fifth
                     place
                     ,
                     in
                     not
                     observing
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     case
                     the
                     Cleft
                     be
                     not
                     made
                     very
                     curiously
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happens
                     often
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     pare
                     it
                     with
                     your
                     Pruning-Knife
                     ,
                     removing
                     whatever
                     might
                     obstruct
                     or
                     hinder
                     the
                     Graff
                     from
                     entring
                     freely
                     ,
                     nay
                     more
                     ,
                     in
                     case
                     there
                     be
                     cause
                     to
                     judge
                     that
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     by
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     too
                     small
                     ,
                     in
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     Stock
                     ,
                     may
                     be
                     a
                     little
                     too
                     much
                     press'd
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     pare
                     the
                     wood
                     on
                     both
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Cleft
                     very
                     neatly
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     smoothly
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     with
                     the
                     point
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     sharp
                     Pruning-Knife
                     ,
                     beginning
                     from
                     the
                     lower
                     part
                     upwards
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     this
                     so
                     exactly
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     conformably
                     to
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     the
                     Branch
                     that
                     has
                     been
                     cut
                     for
                     the
                     
                       Cleft
                       Graff
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     after
                     having
                     lodg'd
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     there
                     may
                     appear
                     no
                     vacuity
                     between
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ;
                     and
                     yet
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Graff
                     may
                     stick
                     so
                     close
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     easie
                     to
                     move
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Sixthly
                     ,
                     The
                     Description
                     is
                     defective
                     ,
                     in
                     not
                     mentioning
                     how
                     many
                     Graffs
                     may
                     be
                     apply'd
                     upon
                     one
                     Stock
                     ,
                     and
                     how
                     the
                     upper
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Stem
                     being
                     Cut
                     must
                     be
                     prepar'd
                     ;
                     large
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     or
                     Branches
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     Graff'd
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     very
                     smooth
                     at
                     top
                     ,
                     and
                     equal
                     on
                     all
                     sides
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     the
                     head
                     may
                     be
                     Horizontal
                     ,
                     to
                     place
                     several
                     Graffs
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     room
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Stock
                     requires
                     it
                     ;
                     small
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     or
                     Branches
                     that
                     cannot
                     receive
                     above
                     one
                     Graff
                     ,
                     must
                     only
                     be
                     smooth'd
                     in
                     one
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Head
                     ;
                     and
                     if
                     that
                     part
                     where
                     the
                     Graff
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     apply'd
                     ,
                     the
                     remainder
                     must
                     be
                     Cut
                     like
                     the
                     Foot
                     of
                     a
                     Hind
                     .
                  
                   
                     Finally
                     ,
                     the
                     said
                     Description
                     is
                     defective
                     in
                     not
                     informing
                     us
                     how
                     to
                     secure
                     our
                     
                       Graff'd
                       Trees
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     hinder
                     them
                     from
                     being
                     prejudic'd
                     by
                     the
                     Injuries
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     ,
                     Rains
                     ,
                     Heats
                     ,
                     and
                     Droughts
                     ,
                     through
                     the
                     overtures
                     of
                     the
                     Cleffs
                     ,
                     whereupon
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     noted
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     
                       Cleft
                       Graffs
                    
                     must
                     be
                     swadled
                     with
                     fine
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     Hay
                     newly
                     prepar'd
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     with
                     Gum
                     prepar'd
                     to
                     that
                     end
                     ,
                     compos'd
                     either
                     of
                     black
                     fat
                     Pitch
                     ,
                     melted
                     in
                     an
                     Iron
                     Pot
                     ,
                     or
                     Earth
                     mix'd
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     yellow
                     Wax
                     ,
                     the
                     said
                     Gum
                     must
                     be
                     kept
                     hot
                     ,
                     and
                     liquid
                     ,
                     over
                     a
                     Chaffing-Dish
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     apply'd
                     with
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Wooden
                     Trule
                     ;
                     but
                     before
                     you
                     apply
                     either
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     Hay
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     Gum
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     cover
                     all
                     the
                     Crannies
                     with
                     some
                     Barks
                     ,
                     immediately
                     loosen'd
                     from
                     some
                     Branch
                     of
                     the
                     Tree
                     that
                     is
                     Graffed
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     commonly
                     put
                     crosswise
                     on
                     large
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Graff'd
                       Branches
                    
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     cover
                     the
                     Clefts
                     so
                     well
                     ,
                     that
                     nothing
                     may
                     get
                     into
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     whereas
                     we
                     generally
                     cover
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     Hay
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     Linnen
                     to
                     keep
                     it
                     fix'd
                     about
                     the
                     Head
                     that
                     is
                     Graff'd
                     ,
                     which
                     has
                     some
                     resemblance
                     to
                     a
                     Child's
                     Baby
                     ,
                     we
                     often
                     call
                     the
                     Cleft
                     Graff
                     a
                     Baby
                     -
                     
                       Graff
                       :
                       Nota
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     the
                     Stock
                     does
                     not
                     seem
                     to
                     press
                     the
                     Graff
                     sufficiently
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     bound
                     about
                     with
                     some
                     tender
                     Twigs
                     of
                     an
                     Ozier
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     secure
                     the
                     Graff
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     conclude
                     what
                     relates
                     to
                     Cleft
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     after
                     having
                     declar'd
                     what
                     I
                     can
                     say
                     about
                     Wedges
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     before
                     you
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     them
                     to
                     open
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     ,
                     in
                     case
                     it
                     be
                     a
                     large
                     Stock
                     ,
                     begin
                     the
                     Cleft
                     with
                     the
                     edge
                     of
                     a
                     pretty
                     large
                     Knife
                     ,
                     apply'd
                     upon
                     the
                     whole
                     breadth
                     of
                     the
                     Trunk
                     ,
                     or
                     Branch
                     ,
                     striking
                     with
                     a
                     Hammer
                     upon
                     it
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     said
                     edge
                     enter
                     pretty
                     deep
                     into
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     mark
                     the
                     Cleft
                     in
                     question
                     :
                     Stocks
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     size
                     are
                     easily
                     enough
                     Cleft
                     with
                     the
                     bare
                     edge
                     of
                     the
                     Knife
                     ,
                     without
                     the
                     help
                     of
                     a
                     Hammer
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Wedges
                     to
                     be
                     Convenient
                     must
                     be
                     made
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Model
                     of
                     this
                     Figure
                     ,
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Hooks
                     being
                     thicker
                     ,
                     longer
                     ,
                     and
                     stronger
                     than
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     to
                     serve
                     for
                     large
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     being
                     both
                     shorter
                     ,
                     smaller
                     ,
                     and
                     weaker
                     ,
                     for
                     small
                     ones
                     :
                     In
                     order
                     to
                     use
                     those
                     Wedges
                     ,
                     that
                     which
                     seems
                     best
                     proportion'd
                     for
                     the
                     Stock
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     plac'd
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     the
                     Cleft
                     that
                     is
                     begun
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     it
                     cannot
                     enter
                     sufficiently
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     Overture
                     that
                     is
                     necessary
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     driven
                     in
                     with
                     a
                     Hammer
                     :
                     In
                     fine
                     ,
                     the
                     Cleft
                     being
                     partly
                     large
                     enough
                     ,
                     to
                     lodge
                     the
                     Graff
                     into
                     it
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     raise
                     or
                     pull
                     down
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     Tool
                     that
                     serves
                     for
                     a
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     left
                     hand
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     mean
                     time
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     right
                     ,
                     placing
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     Cut
                     as
                     aforesaid
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     remain
                     ;
                     and
                     thus
                     you
                     may
                     make
                     an
                     end
                     of
                     stretching
                     ,
                     or
                     closing
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     you
                     may
                     judge
                     it
                     proper
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     or
                     Graffs
                     are
                     plac'd
                     as
                     they
                     should
                     be
                     .
                     I
                     need
                     not
                     tell
                     you
                     ,
                     that
                     one
                     Cleft
                     may
                     serve
                     to
                     place
                     two
                     Graffs
                     opposite
                     to
                     one
                     another
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     two
                     more
                     can
                     be
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     a
                     second
                     Cleft
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     Croswise
                     upon
                     the
                     Stock
                     ,
                     altogether
                     like
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     using
                     the
                     same
                     Method
                     prescrib'd
                     about
                     the
                     two
                     first
                     Graffs
                     .
                  
                   
                     We
                     sometimes
                     call
                     it
                     Graffing
                     in
                     the
                     Crown
                     ,
                     when
                     we
                     place
                     four
                     
                       Graffs
                       Cleftwise
                    
                     upon
                     a
                     Stock
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     large
                     enough
                     to
                     receive
                     them
                     Conveniently
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     more
                     particularly
                     call'd
                     so
                     ,
                     when
                     upon
                     very
                     large
                     shorten'd
                     Stocks
                     we
                     place
                     a
                     greater
                     number
                     of
                     Graffs
                     between
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     ,
                     for
                     instance
                     ,
                     6
                     ,
                     7
                     ,
                     8.
                     and
                     therefore
                     this
                     kind
                     of
                     Graff
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     that
                     we
                     call
                     Whip-Graffing
                     can
                     only
                     be
                     perform'd
                     upon
                     such
                     Stocks
                     as
                     exceed
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     Inches
                     Diameter
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     Cleft
                     ;
                     but
                     we
                     seldom
                     use
                     either
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     the
                     success
                     is
                     very
                     uncertain
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     trouble
                     of
                     making
                     them
                     very
                     Considerable
                     ;
                     
                     to
                     that
                     end
                     Twigs
                     are
                     us'd
                     about
                     half
                     an
                     Inch
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     with
                     four
                     or
                     five
                     good
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     or
                     Buds
                     in
                     their
                     length
                     ;
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     Cut
                     slantingly
                     at
                     the
                     Butt-end
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     the
                     slope
                     may
                     be
                     about
                     an
                     Inch
                     long
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     the
                     upper
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     Cut
                     close
                     to
                     the
                     Pitch
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     Twig
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     be
                     as
                     small
                     as
                     possible
                     can
                     be
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     ,
                     and
                     whereas
                     the
                     Sap
                     ,
                     which
                     begins
                     to
                     rise
                     from
                     the
                     Foot
                     ,
                     passes
                     betwixt
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Bark
                     of
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     those
                     sloping
                     sides
                     must
                     be
                     plac'd
                     on
                     the
                     side
                     of
                     the
                     Bark
                     of
                     the
                     shorten'd
                     Stock
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     the
                     Graff
                     will
                     receive
                     its
                     nourishment
                     .
                     But
                     before
                     you
                     place
                     those
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     take
                     out
                     a
                     little
                     of
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     Stock
                     with
                     a
                     small
                     Joyner's
                     Chizzel
                     ,
                     from
                     those
                     parts
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     plac'd
                     ,
                     loosening
                     the
                     Bark
                     with
                     a
                     tough
                     Wooden
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     striking
                     dextrously
                     with
                     a
                     Hammer
                     upon
                     the
                     said
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     without
                     prejudicing
                     the
                     Bark
                     ;
                     the
                     Graff
                     being
                     lodg'd
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     thing
                     must
                     be
                     done
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     declar'd
                     to
                     secure
                     the
                     
                       Cleft
                       Graffs
                    
                     from
                     the
                     injuries
                     of
                     the
                     Air.
                     
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     Whipp-Graffing
                     ,
                     Slopes
                     or
                     Notches
                     must
                     be
                     made
                     into
                     the
                     Bark
                     ,
                     and
                     into
                     the
                     Wood
                     of
                     the
                     shorten'd
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     chusing
                     Twigs
                     about
                     an
                     Inch
                     in
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     Cutting
                     the
                     Graffs
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     for
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     proportioning
                     the
                     Twig
                     so
                     Cut
                     ,
                     so
                     exactly
                     to
                     the
                     Notch
                     of
                     the
                     Stock
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     enter
                     with
                     some
                     small
                     difficulty
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     inside
                     of
                     the
                     Barks
                     may
                     meet
                     exactly
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     no
                     space
                     may
                     remain
                     between
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     slop'd
                     ,
                     or
                     notch'd
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     Stock
                     ;
                     this
                     being
                     done
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     take
                     one
                     or
                     two
                     large
                     Oziers
                     to
                     bind
                     the
                     Head
                     so
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     as
                     firm
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Graffs
                     may
                     not
                     easily
                     be
                     moved
                     ;
                     doing
                     moreover
                     to
                     secure
                     the
                     Head
                     from
                     the
                     Injuries
                     of
                     the
                     Air
                     ,
                     what
                     we
                     have
                     already
                     prescrib'd
                     for
                     the
                     Graffs
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     Crown
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Authors
                     ,
                     and
                     particularly
                     the
                     Ancients
                     ,
                     who
                     have
                     written
                     about
                     Graffs
                     ,
                     have
                     all
                     
                     made
                     mention
                     of
                     a
                     certain
                     Inoculating
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     a
                     particular
                     manner
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ;
                     saying
                     that
                     this
                     Inoculation
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     perform'd
                     by
                     placing
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     manner
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Eye
                     or
                     Bud
                     thereof
                     may
                     be
                     exactly
                     plac'd
                     upon
                     that
                     part
                     where
                     there
                     was
                     another
                     Eye
                     before
                     the
                     Incision
                     was
                     made
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     pretend
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     best
                     Method
                     of
                     applying
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     .
                     Nay
                     ,
                     moreover
                     I
                     do
                     believe
                     that
                     they
                     were
                     of
                     Opinion
                     that
                     the
                     Sap
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Stock
                       Graffed
                    
                     upon
                     ,
                     could
                     not
                     enter
                     into
                     the
                     Eye
                     or
                     Bud
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     were
                     inclin'd
                     to
                     it
                     by
                     the
                     Interiour
                     Figure
                     which
                     remains
                     upon
                     the
                     Wood
                     that
                     is
                     strip'd
                     ,
                     after
                     the
                     Eye
                     is
                     taken
                     away
                     :
                     To
                     which
                     I
                     answer
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     ,
                     That
                     the
                     daily
                     Experience
                     of
                     all
                     Gard'ners
                     sufficiently
                     confutes
                     that
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     without
                     my
                     insisting
                     upon
                     it
                     :
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     I
                     answer
                     ,
                     not
                     only
                     that
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     advantage
                     by
                     that
                     Inoculating
                     ;
                     but
                     moreover
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     almost
                     impracticable
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     cannot
                     thrive
                     ,
                     unless
                     it
                     be
                     absolutely
                     glued
                     to
                     the
                     part
                     to
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     apply'd
                     ;
                     and
                     consequently
                     that
                     part
                     must
                     be
                     as
                     smooth
                     as
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     when
                     a
                     Scutcheon
                     is
                     apply'd
                     upon
                     an
                     Eye
                     ,
                     or
                     Bud
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     an
                     Elevated
                     part
                     ,
                     that
                     forms
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Stub
                     ,
                     contrary
                     to
                     what
                     must
                     be
                     plain
                     ,
                     and
                     smooth
                     :
                     I
                     have
                     often
                     try'd
                     those
                     Inoculatings
                     ,
                     but
                     have
                     always
                     lost
                     my
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     Labour
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XV.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       Which
                       are
                       the
                       Stocks
                       that
                       have
                       a
                       natural
                       Disposition
                       to
                       re-receive
                       some
                       kinds
                       of
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       each
                       in
                       particular
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       receive
                       no
                       others
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     THE
                     Fruits
                     in
                     question
                     in
                     the
                     Case
                     of
                     Graffing
                     ,
                     are
                     reduc'd
                     to
                     those
                     we
                     know
                     by
                     the
                     Names
                     of
                     
                       Pears
                       ,
                       Apples
                       ,
                       Plums
                       ,
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Figs
                       ,
                       Azerolles
                       ,
                       Quince-Apples
                       ,
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       Sweet-Almonds
                       :
                    
                     To
                     these
                     we
                     might
                     add
                     Medlars
                     ,
                     tho'
                     few
                     Gentlemen
                     care
                     for
                     them
                     :
                     As
                     to
                     
                       Oranges
                       ,
                       Lemons
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Pomegranats
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     a
                     sufficient
                     account
                     about
                     them
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     
                       Orange-Trees
                       .
                       Goosberries
                       ,
                       Raspberries
                       ,
                       Melons
                       ,
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                    
                     and
                     Avelins
                     are
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     rank
                     of
                     Fruits
                     that
                     may
                     be
                     improv'd
                     by
                     
                       Graffing
                       .
                       Pears
                    
                     succeed
                     very
                     well
                     ,
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     Pear-Wildlings
                     grown
                     from
                     Trunks
                     in
                     Woods
                     ,
                     and
                     Forrests
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     the
                     best
                     Fruits
                     to
                     Graff
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     for
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     not
                     fit
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     Scutcheon-wise
                     ,
                     their
                     Bark
                     being
                     too
                     thick
                     for
                     it
                     ;
                     those
                     Wildlings
                     are
                     likewise
                     very
                     proper
                     for
                     
                       High-standards
                       Graffed
                    
                     in
                     the
                     
                       Cleft
                       .
                       Wildlings
                    
                     grown
                     from
                     Kernels
                     in
                     Nurseries
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Suckers
                     that
                     shoot
                     from
                     the
                     Roots
                     of
                     the
                     Foot
                     of
                     Old
                     Pear-Trees
                     in
                     Orchards
                     ,
                     are
                     likewise
                     good
                     to
                     
                       Graff
                       Pears
                    
                     upon
                     ;
                     either
                     to
                     be
                     Budded
                     while
                     they
                     are
                     very
                     young
                     ,
                     or
                     Graff'd
                     in
                     the
                     Clef
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     grown
                     large
                     ;
                     but
                     they
                     are
                     much
                     
                     better
                     for
                     Tall-Standards
                     ,
                     than
                     for
                     Dwarfs
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     too
                     Vigorous
                     to
                     remain
                     Low
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     submit
                     to
                     the
                     hardships
                     of
                     Pruning
                     .
                  
                   
                     Quince-stocks
                     ,
                     especially
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     very
                     sound
                     ,
                     and
                     produce
                     large
                     Leaves
                     ,
                     and
                     fine
                     shoots
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     a
                     smooth
                     shining
                     blackish
                     Bark
                     (
                     they
                     are
                     call'd
                     Females
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     wrinkled
                     ,
                     and
                     shrunk
                     ,
                     Males
                     ;
                     tho'
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     ,
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     admit
                     that
                     difference
                     of
                     Names
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     an
                     Act
                     of
                     Vegetation
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     I
                     only
                     distinguish
                     the
                     degrees
                     of
                     Vigour
                     in
                     every
                     Foot
                     )
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     good
                     Quince-stocks
                     ,
                     I
                     say
                     ,
                     are
                     admirable
                     to
                     Graff
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Pears
                     upon
                     ,
                     against
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     or
                     for
                     Dwarf-standards
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Scutcheon
                     :
                     Nay
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     they
                     will
                     grow
                     to
                     be
                     High-standards
                     ,
                     being
                     Planted
                     against
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     they
                     are
                     apt
                     to
                     unglue
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     to
                     separate
                     cleverly
                     from
                     the
                     part
                     where
                     they
                     are
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     in
                     great
                     Storins
                     of
                     Wind
                     :
                     The
                     Cleft
                     is
                     seldom
                     ,
                     or
                     never
                     proper
                     for
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     stocks
                     ,
                     unless
                     the
                     Quince-stock
                     be
                     large
                     enough
                     to
                     press
                     the
                     Graff
                     close
                     ,
                     and
                     even
                     then
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     us'd
                     but
                     seldom
                     .
                  
                   
                     Nota
                     ,
                     That
                     there
                     are
                     some
                     kind
                     of
                     Pears
                     which
                     are
                     difficult
                     to
                     take
                     upon
                     Quince-stocks
                     ;
                     for
                     instance
                     ,
                     Summer
                     
                       Musky
                       Bon-Chretiens
                    
                     ;
                     and
                     Portails
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     I
                     add
                     ,
                     lastly
                     ,
                     that
                     
                       Pear-Trees
                       Graffed
                    
                     ,
                     have
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     that
                     Complaisance
                     for
                     one
                     another
                     ,
                     to
                     serve
                     each
                     other
                     Reciprocally
                     for
                     stocks
                     for
                     a
                     change
                     of
                     Graffs
                     :
                     Yet
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     peevish
                     ,
                     and
                     untoward
                     in
                     that
                     Case
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     
                       Thick-stalk'd-Pears
                       ;
                       Pears
                    
                     are
                     sometimes
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     Apple-stocks
                     ,
                     either
                     Wildlings
                     ,
                     or
                     Paradice
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     White-Thorns
                     ,
                     and
                     Medlars
                     ,
                     but
                     commonly
                     they
                     are
                     not
                     lasting
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     they
                     pine
                     :
                     There
                     is
                     certainly
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Antipathy
                     in
                     their
                     Saps
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     they
                     cannot
                     mix
                     together
                     ,
                     and
                     can
                     suffer
                     no
                     Commerce
                     of
                     Graffing
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     same
                     thing
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     saying
                     of
                     Pear-Wildlings
                     ,
                     and
                     Quince-Trees
                     ,
                     in
                     relation
                     to
                     the
                     Graffs
                     of
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     which
                     succeed
                     very
                     well
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     said
                     of
                     Apple-Wildings
                     ,
                     either
                     grown
                     from
                     Trunks
                     ,
                     or
                     Kernels
                     ,
                     or
                     Suckers
                     of
                     the
                     Roots
                     of
                     Old
                     Apple-Trees
                     ,
                     in
                     Relation
                     to
                     the
                     Apples
                     that
                     are
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     with
                     this
                     difference
                     only
                     ,
                     which
                     seems
                     surprizing
                     between
                     the
                     Quince
                     ,
                     and
                     Paradice-stocks
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Paradice-stocks
                     ,
                     being
                     any
                     thing
                     large
                     ,
                     are
                     extraordinary
                     good
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     and
                     seldom
                     succeed
                     Graffed
                     with
                     a
                     Scutcheon
                     ;
                     whereas
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     clean
                     contrary
                     with
                     Quince-stocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     Moreover
                     ,
                     Apple-Wildings
                     ,
                     whatever
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     and
                     however
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     are
                     fit
                     to
                     make
                     High-standards
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     least
                     fit
                     for
                     Dwarfs
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     quite
                     contrary
                     with
                     Paradice-stocks
                     ;
                     insomuch
                     ,
                     that
                     Apple-Trees
                     must
                     never
                     be
                     Planted
                     to
                     remain
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     and
                     take
                     up
                     little
                     room
                     ,
                     unless
                     they
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     Paradice-stocks
                     ,
                     these
                     quickly
                     bear
                     Fruit
                     ,
                     and
                     shoot
                     but
                     little
                     Wood
                     ;
                     the
                     others
                     are
                     a
                     long
                     while
                     producing
                     nothing
                     but
                     a
                     vast
                     quantity
                     of
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     makes
                     excessive
                     large
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     long
                     before
                     they
                     bear
                     
                       Fruit
                       :
                       Apples
                       Graffed
                    
                     upon
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     Quince
                     ,
                     succeed
                     no
                     better
                     than
                     the
                     Pears
                     that
                     are
                     ventur'd
                     to
                     be
                     Graff'd
                     upon
                     Apple-stocks
                     ,
                     or
                     Paradice
                     ;
                     altho'
                     the
                     Poet
                     seems
                     of
                     a
                     different
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     but
                     I
                     rather
                     believe
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     uses
                     indifferently
                     ,
                     for
                     all
                     that
                     relates
                     to
                     Kernel
                     -
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     the
                     Terms
                     of
                     
                       Pyrus
                       ,
                       Pyrum
                       ,
                       Pomus
                       ,
                       Pomum
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     Plum-Trees
                     are
                     neither
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     nor
                     Budded
                     ,
                     unless
                     upon
                     other
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     
                     and
                     that
                     only
                     upon
                     a
                     small
                     number
                     of
                     kinds
                     ,
                     for
                     Instance
                     ,
                     upon
                     St.
                     
                       Julians
                       ,
                       Black
                       Damask
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     little
                     
                       Cherry-Plum
                       ,
                       &c.
                    
                     and
                     seldom
                     succeed
                     upon
                     good
                     kinds
                     ;
                     for
                     Example
                     ,
                     upon
                     
                       Perdrigons
                       ,
                       Apricock-Plums
                    
                     ,
                     St.
                     
                     Catherin's
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     I
                     have
                     sometimes
                     Graffed
                     some
                     Plums
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     upon
                     large
                     
                       Almond
                       stocks
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     have
                     done
                     indifferent
                     well
                     ;
                     but
                     where
                     I
                     succeeded
                     in
                     one
                     ,
                     I
                     lost
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     there
                     is
                     but
                     little
                     to
                     be
                     got
                     in
                     making
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Trials
                     .
                  
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     to
                     succeed
                     well
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     Budded
                     ,
                     and
                     seldom
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     at
                     least
                     in
                     our
                     Climes
                     .
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     Inoculated
                     with
                     the
                     
                       close
                       Eye
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       shut
                       Bud
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     in
                     a
                     proper
                     Season
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     heretofore
                     declar'd
                     ,
                     either
                     upon
                     St.
                     
                       Julian
                       Plums
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       black
                       Damask
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     
                       Apricock
                       Trees
                    
                     already
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     young
                     Almond-Trees
                     of
                     that
                     years
                     growth
                     ;
                     they
                     seldom
                     succeed
                     upon
                     Stones
                     of
                     other
                     Peach
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Apricock
                       Trees
                    
                     ;
                     neither
                     do
                     Peaches
                     succeed
                     better
                     being
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     the
                     Principal
                     kinds
                     of
                     Plums
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     Plum-Trees
                     themselves
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     said
                     already
                     ;
                     
                       Peaches
                       Budded
                    
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     June
                     ,
                     are
                     more
                     apt
                     to
                     deceive
                     the
                     Gard'ners
                     hope
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     confirm
                     it
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     either
                     perishes
                     with
                     Gum
                     ,
                     without
                     having
                     shot
                     ,
                     or
                     often
                     perishes
                     after
                     having
                     shot
                     ;
                     or
                     lastly
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     commonly
                     Shoots
                     but
                     weakly
                     during
                     that
                     first
                     Summer
                     ,
                     it
                     perishes
                     the
                     following
                     Winter
                     by
                     Cold
                     and
                     by
                     Ice
                     ,
                     therefore
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     seldom
                     be
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     but
                     casually
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     that
                     otherwise
                     would
                     be
                     of
                     no
                     use
                     .
                  
                   
                     Among
                     what
                     is
                     vulgarly
                     call'd
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     we
                     reckon
                     Merises
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     small
                     Wild
                     Cherry
                     ,
                     both
                     White
                     and
                     
                       Black
                       ,
                       White
                    
                     and
                     
                       Black
                       Hearts
                       ,
                       Early
                    
                     and
                     
                       Late
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Griotes
                       ,
                       Bigareaux
                       Cerisiers
                       de
                       Pied
                       ,
                       White
                       Cherries
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     All
                     these
                     kind
                     of
                     Cherries
                     are
                     Graffed
                     except
                     the
                     Meriziers
                     ,
                     or
                     small
                     
                       White
                       bitter
                       Cherry
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     not
                     worth
                     it
                     ,
                     but
                     then
                     those
                     Meriziers
                     ,
                     especially
                     the
                     White
                     ones
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     
                     in
                     the
                     Fields
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     Vineyards
                     from
                     each
                     others
                     Suckers
                     ,
                     are
                     very
                     good
                     Stocks
                     to
                     Graff
                     other
                     Principal
                     kinds
                     upon
                     ;
                     
                       viz.
                       Hasty
                    
                     and
                     
                       Late
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Hearts
                       ,
                       Griotes
                       ,
                       Bigarreaux
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     
                     Suckers
                     which
                     Spring
                     from
                     the
                     Root
                     of
                     other
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     Produce
                     pretty
                     good
                     Cherries
                     ,
                     and
                     serve
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     ,
                     particularly
                     with
                     
                       Early
                       Cherries
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Cherry
                     of
                     a
                     Moderate
                     Size
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     seldom
                     Planted
                     but
                     in
                     Espaliers
                     ,
                     to
                     produce
                     Fruit
                     betimes
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     most
                     Valued
                     for
                     their
                     Earliness
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     no
                     longer
                     minded
                     when
                     the
                     fine
                     Cherries
                     which
                     come
                     soon
                     after
                     begin
                     to
                     appear
                     ;
                     
                       Early
                       Cherries
                    
                     require
                     no
                     very
                     Vigorous
                     Stocks
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Merisiers
                     do
                     ,
                     which
                     have
                     a
                     far
                     greater
                     Disposition
                     to
                     Shoot
                     abundance
                     of
                     VVood
                     that
                     to
                     bear
                     Fruit
                     Speedily
                     .
                  
                   
                     You
                     may
                     
                       Graff
                       Fig-Trees
                    
                     if
                     you
                     please
                     ,
                     but
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     in
                     the
                     Treatise
                     of
                     the
                     Choice
                     of
                     Figs
                     ,
                     there
                     accrues
                     but
                     little
                     Advantage
                     by
                     Graffing
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     Azerolles
                     are
                     Budded
                     ,
                     or
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     Particularly
                     upon
                     the
                     VVhite-Thorn
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     likewise
                     Graffed
                     some
                     times
                     upon
                     small
                     Pear-VVildlings
                     which
                     Succeed
                     pretty
                     well
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     upon
                     Quince
                     ,
                     and
                     
                       Graffed
                       Pear-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     Success
                     is
                     not
                     very
                     certain
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     Quince-Apple
                     it
                     is
                     seldom
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     Quince-Trees
                     Produce
                     Fruit
                     so
                     easily
                     of
                     themselves
                     ,
                     yet
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     one
                     another
                     ;
                     thus
                     you
                     may
                     
                       Graff
                       Portugal-Quince-Trees
                    
                     upon
                     French
                     ones
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     likewise
                     Graff
                     them
                     upon
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     whether
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     or
                     Wildlings
                     .
                  
                   
                     Vines
                     are
                     only
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     old
                     Plants
                     of
                     other
                     Vines
                     ,
                     and
                     only
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     shorten'd
                     on
                     purpose
                     for
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Graff
                     is
                     made
                     ,
                     the
                     Place
                     so
                     shorten'd
                     must
                     be
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Earth
                     ,
                     yet
                     without
                     covering
                     the
                     Twigs
                     or
                     Cyons
                     that
                     are
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     the
                     Heat
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     and
                     Drought
                     ,
                     would
                     kill
                     the
                     Graff
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     left
                     expos'd
                     to
                     the
                     Air
                     like
                     the
                     Cleft-Graffs
                     of
                     other
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ;
                     there
                     is
                     this
                     difference
                     between
                     the
                     
                       Cleft
                       Graff
                    
                     of
                     Vines
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     of
                     other
                     Fruit-Trees
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Graff
                     is
                     plac'd
                     indifferently
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     ,
                     or
                     on
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     shorten'd
                     Trunk
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     done
                     to
                     other
                     
                       Fruit
                       Trees
                       Graffed
                    
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     observ'd
                     heretofore
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Meddlar
                       Trees
                    
                     are
                     Graffed
                     either
                     upon
                     other
                     Meddlars
                     ,
                     or
                     upon
                     VVhite-Thorn
                     ,
                     or
                     Pear-VVildlings
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Pears
                       Trees
                    
                     already
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     upon
                     Quince-Stocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     Almond-Trees
                     whether
                     with
                     hard
                     or
                     tender
                     Nuts
                     ,
                     grow
                     most
                     Commonly
                     from
                     Almonds
                     put
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     or
                     Graffed
                     upon
                     one
                     another
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XVI
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       Nurseries
                       and
                       Seminaries
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     IT
                     is
                     proper
                     to
                     begin
                     this
                     Chapter
                     ,
                     by
                     saying
                     that
                     our
                     Nurseries
                     require
                     a
                     good
                     Easie
                     Soil
                     ,
                     or
                     ground
                     ,
                     well
                     Till'd
                     ,
                     having
                     at
                     least
                     two
                     Foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     Depth
                     ;
                     the
                     Trees
                     must
                     be
                     placed
                     in
                     rows
                     at
                     three
                     Foot
                     distance
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     largeness
                     of
                     the
                     Trees
                     ,
                     and
                     at
                     a
                     Foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     ,
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Foot
                     distance
                     from
                     one
                     another
                     in
                     the
                     said
                     rows
                     ,
                     still
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     proportion
                     of
                     the
                     Sizes
                     :
                     Of
                     all
                     
                       VVildlings
                       Almonds
                    
                     are
                     plac'd
                     closest
                     in
                     the
                     Rows
                     .
                     T
                     is
                     easy
                     to
                     conclude
                     ,
                     from
                     what
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     saying
                     in
                     the
                     foregoing
                     Chapter
                     ,
                     about
                     all
                     kinds
                     of
                     Fruits
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     ,
                     what
                     kind
                     of
                     Stocks
                     are
                     most
                     proper
                     to
                     make
                     Nurseries
                     of
                     all
                     kind
                     of
                     Fruits
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     for
                     Pears
                     you
                     must
                     Plant
                     VVildlings
                     out
                     of
                     VVoods
                     and
                     Forests
                     ,
                     or
                     VVildlings
                     grown
                     from
                     Kernels
                     ,
                     or
                     Suckers
                     Sprouted
                     from
                     the
                     Roots
                     of
                     old
                     Pear-Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     
                       Plant
                       Quince-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     well
                     Condition'd
                     both
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Roots
                     and
                     Stem
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     For
                     the
                     
                       Apple-Tree
                       Seminary
                    
                     ;
                     when
                     you
                     design
                     to
                     have
                     them
                     High-Standards
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     Plant
                     pretty
                     large
                     VVildlings
                     ,
                     taken
                     out
                     of
                     VVoods
                     and
                     Forrests
                     ,
                     to
                     Graff
                     them
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Kernel
                       VVildlings
                    
                     to
                     Inoculate
                     them
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     about
                     two
                     Inches
                     Circumference
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     to
                     shoot
                     up
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     become
                     High-Standards
                     ;
                     and
                     when
                     you
                     design
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     Seminary
                     of
                     Dwarfs
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     
                       Plant
                       Paradice-Apple-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     at
                     a
                     Foot
                     distance
                     in
                     the
                     rows
                     :
                     And
                     that
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     little
                     
                       Apple-Trees
                       shoot
                    
                     but
                     few
                     Roots
                     ,
                     and
                     Consequently
                     require
                     but
                     little
                     Room
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     To
                     make
                     a
                     Seminary
                     of
                     Plum-Trees
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     only
                     Plant
                     the
                     Suckers
                     of
                     certain
                     
                       Plum-Trees
                       ,
                       viz
                       ,
                       St.
                       Julian
                       ,
                       Black-Damask
                       ,
                    
                     the
                     little
                     Cherry-Plum
                     ,
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     large
                     enough
                     to
                     bear
                     it
                     ,
                     are
                     Graffed
                     in
                     the
                     Cleft
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     lesser
                     with
                     the
                     Scutcheon
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     Good
                     Seminaries
                     for
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     must
                     consist
                     of
                     
                       St.
                       Julian
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     
                       Black
                       Damask
                       Plum-Trees
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     Inoculated
                     or
                     Budded
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     July
                     or
                     August
                     ,
                     or
                     young
                     Almond-Trees
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     Almond-Trees
                     grown
                     from
                     an
                     
                       Almond
                       Planted
                    
                     
                     in
                     good
                     Grounds
                     in
                     the
                     VVinter
                     time
                     ,
                     grown
                     about
                     September
                     following
                     half
                     an
                     Inch
                     thick
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     Budded
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     :
                     Old
                     Almond-Trees
                     of
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Years
                     standing
                     are
                     hot
                     proper
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fifthly
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     Nurseries
                     of
                     red
                     Stone-fruit
                     ,
                     viz.
                     
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Griottes
                       ,
                       Bigarreaux
                    
                     ;
                     no
                     Stocks
                     are
                     so
                     proper
                     as
                     Merisiers
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     small
                     wild
                     bitter
                     Cherry
                     ,
                     especially
                     such
                     as
                     beat
                     whitish
                     ones
                     ;
                     the
                     Sap
                     of
                     the
                     black
                     ones
                     is
                     commonly
                     so
                     bitter
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Graffs
                     of
                     good
                     Cherries
                     do
                     not
                     take
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     or
                     always
                     pine
                     away
                     .
                  
                   
                     Suckers
                     which
                     spring
                     from
                     the
                     Roots
                     of
                     other
                     Cherries
                     may
                     serve
                     to
                     Graff
                     good
                     Cherries
                     upon
                     ,
                     but
                     they
                     are
                     most
                     proper
                     to
                     be
                     Graffed
                     with
                     early
                     Cherries
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sixthly
                     ,
                     
                       Fig-Tree
                       Seminaries
                    
                     are
                     Planted
                     with
                     Suckers
                     sprouted
                     from
                     the
                     Foot
                     of
                     Old
                     Fig-Trees
                     ,
                     or
                     with
                     Branches
                     of
                     two
                     years
                     standing
                     laid
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     and
                     notch'd
                     in
                     that
                     part
                     which
                     is
                     most
                     bent
                     ,
                     and
                     laid
                     into
                     that
                     Ground
                     .
                  
                   
                     Seventhly
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Nursery
                     of
                     Azeroles
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     only
                     Plant
                     White-Thorn
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     few
                     Quince-stocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     Eighthly
                     ,
                     no
                     Nurseries
                     are
                     made
                     for
                     Vines
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     seldom
                     Graffed
                     otherwise
                     than
                     upon
                     Old
                     Plants
                     ,
                     ready
                     Planted
                     .
                  
                   
                     Finally
                     ,
                     for
                     Medlars
                     ,
                     People
                     seldom
                     make
                     any
                     particular
                     Nurseries
                     ,
                     the
                     least
                     quantity
                     of
                     them
                     is
                     sufficient
                     ,
                     a
                     dozen
                     Wildlings
                     of
                     that
                     kind
                     ,
                     or
                     White-Thorn
                     ,
                     or
                     Quince-stocks
                     ;
                     are
                     sufficient
                     to
                     provide
                     for
                     the
                     Largest
                     Gardens
                     .
                  
                   
                     Before
                     I
                     proceed
                     to
                     the
                     Sixth
                     Part
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     altogether
                     improper
                     to
                     give
                     my
                     Opinion
                     about
                     the
                     different
                     kinds
                     of
                     Lattices
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     People
                     may
                     determine
                     at
                     first
                     to
                     pitch
                     upon
                     that
                     which
                     I
                     value
                     most
                     ,
                     and
                     indeed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     most
                     Noble
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     Convenient
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     CHAP.
                     XVII
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Of
                       the
                       different
                       manners
                       of
                       Lattices
                       us'd
                       to
                       Pallisade
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     FRom
                     the
                     very
                     Moment
                     we
                     resolve
                     to
                     Enclose
                     our
                     Garden
                     with
                     Walls
                     ,
                     we
                     certainly
                     design
                     to
                     have
                     Fruit
                     against
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     must
                     prepare
                     whatever
                     is
                     necessary
                     
                     to
                     Pallisade
                     the
                     Trees
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     Planted
                     there
                     ,
                     neatly
                     ,
                     and
                     Conveniently
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     First
                     Observation
                     I
                     have
                     made
                     in
                     Relation
                     thereto
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     one
                     cannot
                     be
                     too
                     careful
                     in
                     having
                     the
                     Walls
                     well
                     Pargetted
                     ,
                     or
                     Plaistred
                     over
                     when
                     it
                     can
                     be
                     done
                     Conveniently
                     ;
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     stop
                     all
                     the
                     holes
                     from
                     
                       Rats
                       ,
                       Snails
                       ,
                       Earwigs
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Vermin
                     which
                     destroy
                     the
                     Fruits
                     ,
                     and
                     commonly
                     attack
                     the
                     Fairest
                     ,
                     and
                     best
                     ,
                     and
                     thereby
                     continually
                     Plague
                     the
                     Curious
                     .
                  
                   
                     When
                     the
                     Walls
                     are
                     Pargetted
                     with
                     Plaister
                     ,
                     we
                     have
                     the
                     Convenience
                     to
                     Ply
                     ,
                     or
                     Pallisade
                     the
                     Branches
                     with
                     Nails
                     ,
                     and
                     Shreads
                     of
                     Sheep's-Skin
                     ,
                     or
                     Shamoy
                     ,
                     or
                     Lists
                     of
                     Cloath
                     ,
                     both
                     about
                     half
                     a
                     finger
                     broad
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     finger
                     long
                     against
                     the
                     said
                     Walls
                     ,
                     putting
                     the
                     Stays
                     about
                     the
                     Branch
                     ,
                     and
                     fixing
                     it
                     upwards
                     with
                     a
                     Nail
                     ,
                     we
                     thus
                     form
                     the
                     Figure
                     of
                     our
                     Trees
                     .
                     This
                     manner
                     of
                     Pallisading
                     is
                     very
                     agreeable
                     ,
                     but
                     tedious
                     ;
                     those
                     Shreads
                     may
                     last
                     a
                     year
                     or
                     two
                     ,
                     the
                     only
                     thing
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     said
                     against
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     sometimes
                     Earwigs
                     shelter
                     in
                     them
                     in
                     the
                     day
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     come
                     out
                     at
                     Night
                     ,
                     to
                     indammage
                     the
                     Trees
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     who
                     are
                     not
                     willing
                     to
                     use
                     those
                     Shreads
                     ,
                     have
                     try'd
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     ways
                     of
                     Pallisading
                     ,
                     some
                     for
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Walls
                     ,
                     but
                     especially
                     for
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     made
                     of
                     Earth
                     ,
                     and
                     Hey
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     do
                     in
                     Beausse
                     ,
                     and
                     Normandy
                     ;
                     some
                     fix
                     Spikes
                     from
                     space
                     to
                     space
                     into
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     sticking
                     out
                     about
                     two
                     Inches
                     ,
                     to
                     fasten
                     Laths
                     ,
                     Poles
                     ,
                     Perches
                     ,
                     or
                     Switches
                     upon
                     them
                     :
                     Others
                     make
                     a
                     Lattice
                     of
                     Poles
                     ,
                     supported
                     by
                     the
                     Bones
                     of
                     Horses
                     ,
                     or
                     Oxen
                     ,
                     fix'd
                     into
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     they
                     fasten
                     the
                     Branches
                     of
                     their
                     Trees
                     :
                     Others
                     have
                     abundance
                     of
                     Sheeps
                     feet
                     Bones
                     fix'd
                     into
                     their
                     Walls
                     at
                     a
                     small
                     distance
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     straight
                     Line
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     bind
                     every
                     Branch
                     of
                     their
                     Tree
                     to
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     said
                     Feet
                     ;
                     some
                     make
                     a
                     Lattice
                     of
                     narrow
                     Laths
                     nail'd
                     a
                     cross
                     one
                     another
                     checker-wise
                     ,
                     every
                     square
                     consisting
                     of
                     about
                     twelve
                     Inches
                     ;
                     and
                     this
                     Lattice
                     being
                     made
                     by
                     whole
                     ,
                     or
                     half
                     Fathoms
                     ,
                     separate
                     ,
                     they
                     fix
                     them
                     to
                     the
                     Walls
                     with
                     Nails
                     ,
                     or
                     Hooks
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     driven
                     into
                     the
                     joynts
                     of
                     the
                     Stones
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     pretty
                     good
                     Expedient
                     ,
                     but
                     neither
                     Gentile
                     ,
                     nor
                     Handsom
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Some
                     who
                     yet
                     covet
                     cheapness
                     beyond
                     these
                     ,
                     make
                     a
                     Lattice
                     of
                     Brass
                     or
                     Iron
                     Wire
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     moderate
                     size
                     ,
                     supported
                     by
                     flat-headed
                     Nails
                     fix'd
                     into
                     the
                     Walls
                     .
                     Others
                     have
                     been
                     satisfy'd
                     with
                     barely
                     fixing
                     streight
                     Lines
                     of
                     this
                     Wire
                     ,
                     either
                     longwise
                     ,
                     or
                     crosswise
                     :
                     These
                     two
                     last
                     Methods
                     are
                     pretty
                     neat
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     very
                     good
                     ;
                     both
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     too
                     weak
                     ,
                     insomuch
                     that
                     the
                     thick
                     Branches
                     ,
                     that
                     sometimes
                     require
                     to
                     be
                     forc'd
                     ,
                     either
                     break
                     ,
                     of
                     ▪
                     stretch
                     them
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     this
                     Wire
                     is
                     apt
                     to
                     wound
                     and
                     scratch
                     the
                     young
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     tender
                     Branches
                     ,
                     which
                     occasions
                     Gum
                     to
                     grow
                     upon
                     them
                     ,
                     which
                     destroys
                     them
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     those
                     young
                     Shoots
                     slip
                     too
                     easily
                     behind
                     those
                     Wires
                     ,
                     from
                     whence
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     easie
                     to
                     remove
                     them
                     ,
                     without
                     spoiling
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     best
                     manner
                     of
                     all
                     ,
                     the
                     most
                     Convenient
                     ,
                     and
                     most
                     Noble
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     Lattice
                     of
                     quarter
                     Wood
                     ,
                     or
                     Heart
                     of
                     Oak
                     ;
                     every
                     Pole
                     or
                     Lath
                     about
                     an
                     Inch
                     square
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     can
                     be
                     without
                     knobs
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     very
                     well
                     plain'd
                     ,
                     and
                     notch'd
                     in
                     such
                     places
                     as
                     require
                     it
                     ;
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     not
                     plain'd
                     ,
                     are
                     course
                     ,
                     and
                     ugly
                     .
                     I
                     confess
                     that
                     this
                     Lattice
                     is
                     chargeable
                     at
                     first
                     ,
                     but
                     then
                     it
                     is
                     more
                     lasting
                     ,
                     and
                     requires
                     less
                     mending
                     :
                     The
                     square
                     fathom
                     of
                     that
                     Lattice
                     amounts
                     constantly
                     to
                     25
                     ,
                     26
                     ,
                     27
                     ,
                     and
                     28
                     Pence
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     Wood
                     ,
                     Making
                     ,
                     Wire
                     and
                     all
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     order
                     to
                     make
                     this
                     Lattice
                     as
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     have
                     Iron
                     Hooks
                     made
                     on
                     purpose
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     square
                     ,
                     about
                     a
                     quarter
                     of
                     an
                     Inch
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     half
                     a
                     Foot
                     long
                     ;
                     besides
                     ,
                     the
                     end
                     which
                     turns
                     upwards
                     in
                     a
                     streight
                     Angle
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     above
                     an
                     Inch
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     long
                     ,
                     the
                     end
                     which
                     enters
                     into
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     forked
                     ,
                     to
                     hold
                     the
                     faster
                     into
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     into
                     which
                     it
                     must
                     enter
                     about
                     four
                     Inches
                     deep
                     ,
                     two
                     Inches
                     on
                     the
                     outside
                     will
                     suffice
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     Hooks
                     cost
                     commonly
                     about
                     a
                     Penny
                     a
                     piece
                     ,
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     plac'd
                     at
                     three
                     foot
                     distance
                     ,
                     and
                     always
                     Checker-wise
                     ,
                     beginning
                     the
                     first
                     Row
                     within
                     a
                     foot
                     of
                     the
                     surface
                     of
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     continuing
                     it
                     to
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     the
                     Wall
                     ;
                     the
                     rows
                     of
                     those
                     Hooks
                     must
                     lie
                     in
                     a
                     streight
                     Line
                     ,
                     and
                     parallel
                     to
                     one
                     another
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     all
                     I
                     have
                     to
                     say
                     about
                     the
                     Hooks
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     Poles
                     ,
                     or
                     Laths
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     buye
                     them
                     in
                     Shops
                     ,
                     of
                     different
                     lengths
                     ,
                     Viz.
                     Of
                     Four
                     Foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     ,
                     of
                     Six
                     ,
                     Seven
                     ,
                     Eight
                     ,
                     or
                     Nine
                     ;
                     some
                     are
                     made
                     of
                     twelve
                     Foot
                     ,
                     but
                     seldom
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     too
                     difficult
                     to
                     slit
                     such
                     long
                     pieces
                     of
                     Wood
                     ;
                     you
                     may
                     take
                     them
                     of
                     what
                     length
                     you
                     please
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     heighth
                     of
                     your
                     Walls
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     Sold
                     in
                     Bundles
                     ,
                     those
                     of
                     Four
                     Foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     ,
                     contain
                     Forty
                     ,
                     and
                     Cost
                     Eleven
                     Pence
                     ,
                     those
                     of
                     Six
                     ,
                     cost
                     Twelve
                     Pence
                     ,
                     and
                     contain
                     Five
                     and
                     Twenty
                     ;
                     those
                     of
                     Seven
                     ,
                     Eight
                     ,
                     and
                     Nine
                     ;
                     likewise
                     contain
                     Twenty
                     Five
                     ,
                     and
                     cost
                     somewhat
                     more
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     best
                     and
                     most
                     useful
                     way
                     is
                     to
                     make
                     those
                     that
                     stand
                     upwards
                     all
                     of
                     a
                     piece
                     ,
                     when
                     you
                     can
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     you
                     may
                     joyn
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     ,
                     such
                     as
                     you
                     can
                     get
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     much
                     cheaper
                     ;
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     joyn'd
                     together
                     neatly
                     ,
                     plaining
                     and
                     proportioning
                     the
                     Extremities
                     that
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     Marry'd
                     together
                     exactly
                     ,
                     tying
                     them
                     afterwards
                     very
                     close
                     with
                     Wire
                     ;
                     to
                     which
                     end
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     use
                     small
                     Pinchers
                     made
                     on
                     purpose
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     you
                     may
                     pull
                     the
                     Wire
                     towards
                     you
                     ,
                     and
                     turn
                     and
                     wind
                     it
                     until
                     the
                     Ligature
                     be
                     strong
                     enough
                     ,
                     then
                     break
                     the
                     end
                     close
                     to
                     the
                     knot
                     ,
                     and
                     fasten
                     the
                     said
                     knot
                     against
                     the
                     Laths
                     ,
                     lest
                     it
                     should
                     prejudice
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     ,
                     or
                     Branch
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     chusing
                     the
                     Poles
                     ,
                     or
                     Laths
                     ,
                     take
                     the
                     streightest
                     ,
                     and
                     weakest
                     ,
                     to
                     serve
                     in
                     a
                     streight
                     Line
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     that
                     they
                     always
                     appear
                     on
                     the
                     outside
                     ,
                     placing
                     the
                     Butt-end
                     downwards
                     ;
                     the
                     strongest
                     must
                     be
                     imploy'd
                     crosswise
                     to
                     support
                     the
                     Work
                     ;
                     the
                     Squares
                     of
                     the
                     Lattice
                     must
                     be
                     regularly
                     about
                     7
                     or
                     8
                     Inches
                     ,
                     they
                     do
                     not
                     look
                     well
                     of
                     ten
                     or
                     twelve
                     Inches
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     my
                     Opinion
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     too
                     little
                     of
                     5
                     or
                     6
                     Inches
                     for
                     Espaliers
                     ;
                     but
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     imploy'd
                     for
                     those
                     kind
                     of
                     Arbors
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     of
                     late
                     in
                     fashion
                     .
                     A
                     good
                     Maker
                     of
                     Lattice
                     should
                     never
                     work
                     without
                     a
                     regulated
                     measure
                     in
                     hand
                     for
                     his
                     Checkers
                     ,
                     measuring
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     carefully
                     ;
                     he
                     must
                     leave
                     an
                     Inch
                     between
                     the
                     Laths
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Hooks
                     are
                     too
                     short
                     ,
                     he
                     must
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     a
                     Wooden
                     Wedge
                     ,
                     and
                     hold
                     it
                     between
                     the
                     Laths
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Wall
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     have
                     more
                     room
                     to
                     pass
                     his
                     Wire
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Lattice
                     must
                     not
                     only
                     appear
                     neatly
                     made
                     to
                     the
                     Eye
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     also
                     be
                     solid
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     easily
                     known
                     by
                     shaking
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Laths
                     ;
                     for
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     as
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     unless
                     it
                     resists
                     the
                     hand
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     must
                     not
                     forget
                     to
                     tell
                     you
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     must
                     use
                     but
                     one
                     straight
                     Lath
                     in
                     Corners
                     ,
                     to
                     fasten
                     the
                     two
                     Lattices
                     of
                     two
                     Walls
                     that
                     joyn
                     ,
                     two
                     would
                     look
                     clumsily
                     ,
                     the
                     one
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     a
                     Wall
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     last
                     Perfection
                     of
                     our
                     Lattice
                     consists
                     in
                     being
                     painted
                     first
                     with
                     White
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     that
                     is
                     dry
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     fine
                     Mountain
                     Green.
                     
                  
                   
                     We
                     do
                     not
                     only
                     make
                     Lattice
                     frames
                     for
                     Walls
                     ,
                     we
                     likewise
                     make
                     them
                     sometimes
                     for
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Counter-Espalier
                     ,
                     or
                     Pole-Hedges
                     ,
                     which
                     Lattice
                     frames
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     four
                     ,
                     five
                     ,
                     or
                     six
                     foot
                     high
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     you
                     please
                     :
                     In
                     Order
                     to
                     its
                     being
                     solid
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     necessary
                     to
                     stick
                     
                     Oaken
                     Spikes
                     into
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     at
                     five
                     or
                     six
                     foot
                     distance
                     from
                     one
                     another
                     ,
                     about
                     four
                     Inches
                     square
                     ,
                     driving
                     them
                     about
                     a
                     foot
                     deep
                     into
                     the
                     ground
                     ,
                     the
                     outward
                     Extremity
                     being
                     pointed
                     ,
                     to
                     last
                     the
                     longer
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     square
                     ,
                     the
                     Rain
                     would
                     Rot
                     it
                     the
                     sooner
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     size
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     place
                     to
                     fasten
                     the
                     Wire
                     ,
                     the
                     Checkers
                     must
                     be
                     like
                     those
                     of
                     the
                     Espaliers
                     ,
                     with
                     this
                     only
                     difference
                     ;
                     that
                     in
                     Pole-Hedges
                     ,
                     the
                     Poles
                     or
                     Laths
                     must
                     be
                     fix'd
                     with
                     Nails
                     into
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     the
                     Spikes
                     ,
                     which
                     must
                     be
                     notch'd
                     in
                     order
                     thereunto
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Part.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 
              
               
                 OF
                 FRUIT-GARDENING
                 AND
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
                 VOL.
                 II.
                 PART
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                  
                   Culture
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   THere
                   's
                   nothing
                   seems
                   less
                   unknown
                   than
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Cultivating
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   .
                   
                   It
                   has
                   been
                   universally
                   practised
                   in
                   all
                   Ages
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   in
                   all
                   Climates
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   care
                   to
                   bring
                   up
                   and
                   multiply
                   in
                   select
                   places
                   ,
                   some
                   Herbs
                   and
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Edible
                     Plants
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   Nature
                   had
                   produced
                   promiscuously
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   wild
                   Fields
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   the
                   first
                   Men
                   used
                   for
                   their
                   only
                   Food
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   ,
                   and
                   still
                   continues
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Occupation
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   People
                   .
                   And
                   indeed
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   do
                   we
                   see
                   ,
                   that
                   being
                   weary
                   and
                   tired
                   ,
                   either
                   with
                   the
                   fatigues
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   drudgery
                   of
                   
                     publick
                     Employments
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   the
                   idleness
                   of
                   a
                   City
                   or
                   
                     Court
                     Life
                  
                   ,
                   have
                   chosen
                   to
                   retreat
                   into
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   to
                   go
                   (
                   as
                   our
                   Proverb
                   
                   says
                   )
                   and
                   
                     plant
                     Cabbages
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   others
                   are
                   there
                   ,
                   that
                   take
                   an
                   extream
                   pleasure
                   in
                   entertaining
                   their
                   Friends
                   with
                   Herbs
                   and
                   Sallets
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   stiffly
                   maintaining
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   taste
                   much
                   better
                   than
                   those
                   bought
                   in
                   the
                   Markets
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   common
                   Gard'ners
                   ?
                   And
                   therefore
                   since
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   have
                   been
                   planted
                   in
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   have
                   I
                   not
                   some
                   reason
                   to
                   fear
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   appear
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   either
                   ridiculous
                   or
                   impertinent
                   for
                   me
                   to
                   subjoyn
                   here
                   a
                   particular
                   Treatise
                   of
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   Gardens
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   answer
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   deny
                   but
                   that
                   almost
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   there
                   were
                   Men
                   upon
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   they
                   had
                   some
                   kind
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   process
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   curiosity
                   of
                   their
                   Cultivation
                   has
                   been
                   extreamly
                   augmented
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   made
                   mighty
                   advances
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   am
                   far
                   from
                   pretending
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   first
                   sowing
                   of
                   Sallets
                   ,
                   and
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   planting
                   of
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   and
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   and
                   rearing
                   of
                   
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Melons
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   begun
                   in
                   our
                   days
                   .
                   No
                   ,
                   I
                   know
                   well
                   enough
                   ,
                   that
                   our
                   Ancestours
                   understood
                   what
                   belonged
                   to
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   plants
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   very
                   Country-people
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   meaner
                   sort
                   of
                   the
                   inhabitants
                   
                   of
                   Cities
                   ,
                   have
                   some
                   Tincture
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   will
                   ingenuously
                   confess
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   knowledge
                   I
                   have
                   my self
                   in
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   was
                   chiefly
                   attained
                   by
                   my
                   often
                   conversing
                   with
                   what
                   we
                   vulgarly
                   call
                   ,
                   able
                   Market-Gard'ners
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   must
                   add
                   withall
                   that
                   as
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   taken
                   in
                   a
                   general
                   sence
                   ,
                   comprehends
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   different
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plants
                   ,
                   so
                   there
                   is
                   hardly
                   any
                   Gard'ner
                   that
                   has
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   Business
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   skilful
                   in
                   cultivating
                   generally
                   all
                   the
                   sorts
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   it
                   having
                   ordinarily
                   hapned
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   has
                   applyed
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   care
                   and
                   improvement
                   of
                   one
                   particular
                   part
                   of
                   this
                   culture
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   has
                   performed
                   exactly
                   well
                   ,
                   neglecting
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   whilst
                   another
                   has
                   employed
                   his
                   industry
                   ,
                   no
                   less
                   particularly
                   in
                   that
                   which
                   his
                   Neighbour
                   had
                   neglected
                   ,
                   and
                   succeeded
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   much
                   sighting
                   on
                   his
                   side
                   ,
                   that
                   other
                   part
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   same
                   Neighbour
                   had
                   so
                   prosperously
                   laboured
                   ;
                   the
                   different
                   appetites
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   more
                   especially
                   ,
                   the
                   different
                   goodness
                   of
                   Soils
                   and
                   Climates
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   the
                   true
                   causes
                   of
                   those
                   different
                   affectations
                   in
                   the
                   Cultivation
                   of
                   Pot
                   or
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   it
                   being
                   undoubtedly
                   necessary
                   for
                   a
                   Gentleman's
                   Gard'ner
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   perform
                   with
                   equal
                   skill
                   and
                   happiness
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   parts
                   of
                   Culture
                   belonging
                   to
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   he
                   alone
                   may
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   condition
                   to
                   furnish
                   his
                   Master
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   variety
                   that
                   a
                   good
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   can
                   produce
                   ,
                   without
                   wanting
                   at
                   least
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   productions
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   most
                   importance
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   being
                   no
                   less
                   expedient
                   too
                   for
                   the
                   Gentleman
                   himself
                   to
                   know
                   exactly
                   what
                   he
                   may
                   expect
                   from
                   his
                   Gard'ner
                   every
                   Month
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   is
                   the
                   particular
                   work
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   ;
                   I
                   have
                   therefore
                   taken
                   care
                   to
                   omit
                   nothing
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   for
                   either
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   informed
                   in
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   one
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   content
                   by
                   knowing
                   how
                   perfectly
                   well
                   to
                   discharge
                   his
                   Duty
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   be
                   contented
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   knows
                   he
                   has
                   sufficient
                   Reason
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   .
                   In
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   answer
                   to
                   those
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   ask
                   me
                   what
                   I
                   pretend
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   is
                   new
                   ,
                   upon
                   a
                   Subject
                   which
                   I
                   my self
                   confess
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   very
                   well
                   known
                   ,
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   first
                   repeat
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   which
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   laid
                   down
                   ,
                   and
                   inculcated
                   ,
                   as
                   my
                   intention
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   parts
                   of
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   viz.
                   That
                   I
                   write
                   not
                   here
                   for
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   actually
                   Gard'ners
                   by
                   Profession
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   are
                   skillful
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   for
                   the
                   instruction
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   become
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Gentlemen
                   that
                   are
                   curious
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   being
                   well
                   assured
                   there
                   are
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   of
                   these
                   Latter
                   ,
                   though
                   ignorant
                   in
                   the
                   particulars
                   of
                   this
                   Science
                   ,
                   that
                   esteem
                   it
                   not
                   unworthy
                   of
                   their
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   fully
                   perswaded
                   it
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   giving
                   them
                   Pleasure
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Profit
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   no
                   less
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   my self
                   found
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   in
                   pursuing
                   the
                   acquisition
                   of
                   those
                   lights
                   I
                   have
                   attained
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   therefore
                   I
                   cannot
                   but
                   think
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   sweet
                   and
                   gratefull
                   to
                   them
                   to
                   enjoy
                   without
                   Pains
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   study
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   therein
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   an
                   exact
                   and
                   faithful
                   Collection
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   concerns
                   this
                   matter
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   answer
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   my
                   design
                   to
                   cut
                   out
                   a
                   shorter
                   way
                   than
                   the
                   common
                   Roads
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   young
                   Persons
                   who
                   though
                   very
                   desirous
                   of
                   learning
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   yet
                   would
                   willingly
                   be
                   instructed
                   by
                   some
                   other
                   means
                   than
                   by
                   bare
                   seeing
                   others
                   Practice
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   a
                   tedious
                   and
                   uncertain
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   rather
                   be
                   taught
                   by
                   stated
                   Rules
                   and
                   Principles
                   ,
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   may
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   very
                   short
                   and
                   easie
                   methods
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   I
                   reply
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   shall
                   set
                   down
                   here
                   some
                   particular
                   experiments
                   which
                   I
                   my self
                   have
                   made
                   with
                   Success
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   seem
                   to
                   me
                   never
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   made
                   before
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   think
                   I
                   may
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   too
                   well
                   approved
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   merit
                   to
                   be
                   divulged
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   I
                   answer
                   ,
                   that
                   my
                   intention
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   such
                   Directions
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   place
                   designed
                   for
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   well
                   ordered
                   in
                   all
                   its
                   parts
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   each
                   part
                   may
                   perform
                   its
                   duty
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   its
                   Productions
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   accurate
                   Symmetry
                   and
                   Proportion
                   observ'd
                   in
                   modelling
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   Condition
                   to
                   allure
                   the
                   Spectators
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   to
                   delight
                   the
                   Eyes
                   of
                   the
                   Curious
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   accordingly
                   for
                   these
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   I
                   purpose
                   here
                   to
                   follow
                   exactly
                   the
                   Model
                   and
                   Platform
                   I
                   have
                   already
                   delineated
                   and
                   explained
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   these
                   Treatises
                   of
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   conformably
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   set
                   down
                   ,
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   good
                   and
                   well-furnisht
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   add
                   a
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Seeds
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   which
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   Production
                   and
                   Multiplication
                   of
                   every
                   particular
                   Plant.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   specifie
                   not
                   only
                   all
                   the
                   things
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   gathered
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   every
                   Month
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   what
                   work
                   Gard'ners
                   are
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Months
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   those
                   two
                   heads
                   I
                   will
                   joyn
                   another
                   ,
                   viz.
                   a
                   particular
                   account
                   of
                   what
                   should
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   any
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   whatsoever
                   ,
                   that
                   
                   so
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   judge
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   any
                   thing
                   wanting
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   explain
                   what
                   sort
                   of
                   Earth
                   or
                   Soil
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   sort
                   of
                   Culture
                   are
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   each
                   sort
                   of
                   plants
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   excellent
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   sown
                   to
                   remain
                   always
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   ,
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   transplanted
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   again
                   are
                   propagated
                   without
                   Seed
                   ;
                   I
                   will
                   give
                   Directions
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   how
                   to
                   order
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   Seasons
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   sown
                   or
                   planted
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   their
                   Propagation
                   .
                
                 
                   Fourthly
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   shew
                   how
                   long
                   each
                   sort
                   may
                   profitably
                   occupy
                   its
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   must
                   be
                   laid
                   up
                   in
                   store
                   for
                   our
                   Winter
                   Provision
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   may
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Industry
                   be
                   produced
                   in
                   spite
                   of
                   the
                   Frosts
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   fifthly
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   inform
                   you
                   how
                   long
                   any
                   sort
                   of
                   Seed
                   will
                   last
                   without
                   spoiling
                   ,
                   they
                   having
                   not
                   all
                   the
                   same
                   destiny
                   in
                   that
                   Matter
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     What
                     things
                     should
                     be
                     planted
                     in
                     any
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     of
                     a
                     reasonable
                     extent
                     ,
                     to
                     render
                     it
                     compleatly
                     furnished
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   ALL
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   agreed
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   few
                   days
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Year
                   in
                   which
                   we
                   can
                   be
                   well
                   without
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   fair
                   and
                   fruitful
                   Season
                   ,
                   whilst
                   they
                   are
                   still
                   growing
                   on
                   the
                   Earth
                   that
                   first
                   produced
                   them
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   more
                   to
                   do
                   but
                   to
                   go
                   and
                   gather
                   them
                   there
                   ;
                   or
                   in
                   Winter
                   when
                   we
                   must
                   fetch
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Store-rooms
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   had
                   timely
                   laid
                   them
                   up
                   for
                   Security
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   arrival
                   of
                   the
                   bitter
                   cold
                   ,
                   which
                   not
                   only
                   makes
                   the
                   Earth
                   unfruitful
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   but
                   destroys
                   too
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   Vegetables
                   which
                   are
                   so
                   unhappy
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   within
                   its
                   reach
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   be
                   furnisht
                   with
                   what
                   we
                   need
                   of
                   this
                   Nature
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   Gardens
                   of
                   Stores
                   ,
                   or
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   the
                   liberality
                   of
                   our
                   Friends
                   ,
                   or
                   what
                   is
                   most
                   common
                   from
                   the
                   Markets
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   you
                   may
                   therefore
                   have
                   at
                   one
                   view
                   ,
                   the
                   knowledge
                   of
                   what
                   composes
                   this
                   agreeable
                   assistance
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   drawn
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   .
                   I
                   shall
                   here
                   present
                   you
                   with
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   
                     Alphabetical
                     Inventory
                  
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   things
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   Garden
                   should
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   furnish
                   us
                   with
                   ,
                   throughout
                   the
                   whole
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     
                       A.
                       
                    
                     
                       ALenois
                       Cresses
                       .
                       Vid.
                       Cresses
                       .
                    
                     
                       Alfange
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         sort
                         of
                         Roman
                      
                       Lettuce
                       .
                    
                     
                       Alleluia
                       ,
                       Wood-sorrel
                       ,
                       alias
                       French-Sorrel
                       ,
                       or
                       Sharp
                       Trefoil
                       .
                    
                     
                       Anis
                       .
                    
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       both
                       Green
                       ,
                       Violet
                       and
                       Red.
                       
                    
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       
                         Costons
                         ,
                         or
                         Slip-suckers
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Asparagus
                       .
                    
                     
                       Aromaticks
                       ;
                       see
                       Fine
                       Herbs
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       B.
                       
                    
                     
                       BAlm
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       French
                       ,
                       Melisse
                       .
                    
                     
                       Basil
                       or
                       Basilick
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         the
                      
                       Greater
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Lesser
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bays
                       ,
                       
                         the
                         common
                         sorts
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       
                         of
                         several
                         sorts
                         ,
                         as
                         for
                      
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       and
                       Spring-Radishes
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                         first
                         Early
                      
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         for
                      
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       Mushroons
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         for
                         raising
                         some
                         sorts
                         of
                      
                       Flowers
                       
                         in
                         the
                      
                       Winter
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         other
                         Plants
                         to
                         set
                         again
                         in
                         the
                      
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         for
                         the
                         forcing
                         of
                      
                       Sorrel
                       and
                       Cabbage
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       
                         &c.
                         to
                         advance
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Beet-Raves
                       ,
                       or
                       Red
                       Beets
                       ,
                       
                         to
                         produce
                         Roots
                         for
                      
                       Sallets
                       .
                    
                     
                       White
                       Beets
                       called
                       Poirée
                       ,
                       for
                       Chards
                       .
                    
                     
                       Beans
                       
                         both
                         of
                         the
                         common
                         sort
                         ,
                         and
                         those
                         called
                         Harico's
                         ,
                         or
                      
                       French
                       
                         Kidney
                         Beans
                         ;
                         as
                         also
                      
                       Venetian
                       
                         Beans
                         called
                      
                       Feverolles
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bonne
                       Dame
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Lady
                       .
                    
                     
                       Borage
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bour
                       delais
                       ,
                       or
                       Verjuice
                       Grape
                       ,
                       both
                       Red
                       and
                       White
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bucks
                       horn
                       Sallet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bugloss
                       .
                    
                     
                       Burnet
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       French
                       ,
                       Pimpernel
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       C.
                       
                    
                     
                       CAbbages
                       
                         of
                         all
                         sorts
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Capers
                       
                         of
                         the
                      
                       Ordinary
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       Capucin
                       Capers
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         otherwise
                      
                       Nusturces
                       .
                    
                     
                       Caprons
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         sort
                         of
                      
                       Strawberries
                       .
                    
                     
                       Spanish
                       Cardons
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Carlots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cellery
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chalots
                       ,
                       vid
                       Shalots
                       ,
                       and
                       Eschalots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chards
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chards
                       of
                       Beets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chassela's
                       Grapes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cheril
                       ,
                       Musked
                       and
                       Ordinary
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chervi
                       ,
                       or
                       Skirrets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       
                         the
                         same
                         with
                      
                       Alfange
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ciboules
                       .
                    
                     
                       Citrulls
                       or
                       Pompions
                       ,
                       or
                       Pumpkins
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cives
                       .
                    
                     
                       Colyflowers
                       ,
                       and
                       Coleworts
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         comprehended
                         under
                      
                       Cabbage
                       in
                       French.
                       
                    
                     
                       Cresses
                       ,
                       as
                       Al●nois
                       or
                       Garden
                       Cresses
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cucumbers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Currans
                       ,
                       
                         which
                         with
                      
                       Gooseberries
                       ,
                       
                         are
                         both
                         called
                      
                       Groseilles
                       in
                       French
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         distinguish'd
                         into
                         the
                      
                       Prickly
                       ,
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Pearled
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       D.
                       
                    
                     
                       Dragons
                       or
                       Estragon
                       ,
                       a
                       Sallet
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       E.
                       
                    
                     
                       ENdive
                       ,
                       White
                       or
                       Tame
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         well
                         the
                      
                       Curled
                       
                         as
                         the
                      
                       Plain
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       French
                       Chicorée
                       or
                       Succory
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         also
                         the
                      
                       Wild
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       Eschalots
                       ,
                       vid.
                       Shalots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Estragon
                       or
                       Dragons
                       ,
                       a
                       Sallet
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       F.
                       
                    
                     
                       FEnnel
                       .
                    
                     
                       French-Sorrel
                       ;
                       see
                       Allcluja
                       .
                    
                     
                       Furnitures
                       for
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       
                         which
                         with
                         the
                      
                       French
                       ,
                       are
                       Spare-mint
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         by
                         them
                      
                       Balm
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         also
                      
                       Estragon
                       ,
                       or
                       Dragons
                       ,
                       English
                       Cives
                       ,
                       Fennil
                       ,
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         well
                         the
                      
                       common
                       
                         as
                         the
                      
                       Musked
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       Basil
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Fine
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       English
                       ,
                       Sweet-Herbs
                       ,
                       
                         but
                         meant
                         by
                         the
                      
                       French
                       
                         of
                         all
                      
                       hot
                       scented
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       as
                       Ti●e
                       ,
                       Morjarom
                       ,
                       Lavender
                       ,
                       Rhue
                       ,
                       Worm-wood
                       ,
                       Hysop
                       ,
                       
                         &c.
                         which
                      
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       G.
                       
                    
                     
                       GArlick
                       .
                    
                     
                       Gooseberries
                       ,
                       together
                       with
                       Currans
                       ,
                       both
                       confounded
                       ,
                       under
                       the
                       name
                       of
                       Groseilles
                       in
                       French
                       ,
                       and
                       distinguish'd
                       into
                       the
                       Prickly
                       ,
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Pearled
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Good
                         Lady
                      
                       ,
                       vid.
                       
                         Bonne
                         Dame.
                      
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       H.
                       
                    
                     
                       HYsop
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       L.
                       
                    
                     
                       LAvender
                       in
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                     
                       Leeks
                       .
                    
                     
                       Lettice
                       
                         of
                         all
                         sorts
                         ,
                         according
                         to
                         the
                         Seasons
                         ,
                         as
                         well
                         to
                         sow
                         in
                         rows
                         ,
                         or
                         small
                         Furrows
                         ,
                         to
                         cut
                         when
                         little
                         ,
                         as
                         to
                      
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         to
                         bind
                         up
                      
                       ,
                       viz.
                       the
                       Coquille
                       or
                       Shell-Lettuce
                       ,
                       
                         alias
                         the
                      
                       Winter
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Passion
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       the
                       Curl'd
                       bright
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Green
                       Curl'd
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       the
                       Little
                       Red
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       the
                       Short
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       the
                       Royal
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       the
                       Bellegarde
                       ,
                       the
                       Lettuce
                       of
                       Genua
                       ,
                       of
                       Perpignan
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         of
                      
                       Auberviliers
                       ,
                       the
                       Imperial
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Roman
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       
                         which
                         comprehends
                         all
                         the
                      
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         the
                      
                       Green
                       and
                       Red
                       ,
                       
                         otherwise
                         called
                         the
                      
                       Alphange
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         they
                         are
                         to
                         tie
                         up
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       M.
                       
                    
                     
                       MAcedonian
                       Parsty
                       .
                       Vid.
                       Parsly
                       .
                    
                     
                       Mâches
                       .
                    
                     
                       Mallou's
                       and
                       Marsh-mallo●s
                       .
                    
                     
                       Marjoram
                       in
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                     
                       Melons
                       or
                       Musk-melons
                       .
                    
                     
                       Mint
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       French
                       ,
                       Balm
                       .
                    
                     
                       Muskat
                       ,
                       or
                       Musk-grapes
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         the
                      
                       White
                       ,
                       the
                       Black
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Red.
                       
                    
                     
                       The
                       Long
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       
                         alias
                         ,
                         the
                      
                       Passe-Musquée●
                       Mushrooms
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       N.
                       
                    
                     
                       NAsturces
                       ,
                       or
                       Capucin
                       Capers
                       .
                       See
                       Capers
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       O.
                       
                    
                     
                       ONions
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         the
                      
                       Red
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       White
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       P.
                       
                    
                     
                       PArsly
                       ,
                       
                         as
                         well
                         the
                      
                       Common
                       
                         as
                         the
                      
                       Curled
                       .
                    
                     
                       Macedonian
                       Parsly
                       .
                    
                     
                       Parsnips
                       .
                    
                     
                       Patience
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         sort
                         of
                      
                       Sorrel
                       .
                       Vid.
                       Sorrel
                       .
                    
                     
                       Pease
                       ,
                       
                         from
                         the
                         Month
                         of
                      
                       May
                       ,
                       
                         which
                         are
                         the
                      
                       Hastings
                       ,
                       till
                       Allhallow-tide
                       .
                    
                     
                       Passe
                       Musquée
                       .
                       See
                       Muscats
                       .
                    
                     
                       Piercepier
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         sort
                         of
                      
                       Stone
                       Parsly
                       .
                    
                     
                       Pompions
                       or
                       Pumpkins
                       ,
                       
                         called
                         in
                      
                       French
                       ,
                       Citruls
                       .
                    
                     
                       Potirons
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         sort
                         of
                         flat
                      
                       Pumpion
                       or
                       Pumpkin
                       .
                    
                     
                       Purslain
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         of
                         the
                      
                       Green
                       ,
                       and
                       Golden
                       or
                       Red
                       sort
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       R.
                       
                    
                     
                       RAdishes
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         in
                      
                       Spring
                       ,
                       Summer
                       ,
                       and
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       Raspberries
                       ,
                       both
                       Red
                       and
                       White
                       .
                    
                     
                       Responces
                       ,
                       or
                       Field-Radishes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rue
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rocamboles
                       ,
                       or
                       Spanish
                       Garlick
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rocket
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         kind
                         of
                      
                       Sallet
                       .
                       Furniture
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rose-mary
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rubarb
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       S.
                       
                    
                     
                       SAge
                       .
                    
                     
                       Salsisie
                       ,
                       or
                       Goat's-Beard
                       .
                    
                     
                       Saracens
                       or
                       Turky
                       Wheat
                       .
                    
                     
                       Savory
                       .
                    
                     
                       Scorzonera
                       ,
                       or
                       Spanish
                       Salsi●ie
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sellery
                       .
                       See
                       Cellery
                       .
                    
                     
                       Shalots
                       .
                       See
                       Eschalots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Smallage
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       
                         both
                         the
                      
                       Great
                       ,
                       the
                       Little
                       ,
                       
                         and
                         the
                      
                       Round
                       .
                    
                     
                       Spinage
                       .
                    
                     
                       Spare-Mint
                       .
                       See
                       Mint
                       .
                    
                     
                       Straw-berries
                       ,
                       both
                       Red
                       and
                       White
                       .
                    
                     
                       Succory
                       .
                       Vide.
                       Endive
                       .
                    
                     
                       Suckers
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sweet
                       Herbs
                       .
                       See
                       Fine
                       Herbs
                       or
                       Aromaticks
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sharp
                       Trefoil
                       .
                       See
                       Alleluia
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       T.
                       
                    
                     
                       TIme
                       for
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                     
                       Tripe-Madam
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sharp
                       Trefoil
                       ,
                       vid.
                       Alleluia
                       .
                    
                     
                       Turkey
                       or
                       Saracens
                       Wheat
                       .
                    
                     
                       Turneps
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       V.
                       
                    
                     
                       VErjuice
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       vid.
                       Bourdelais
                       .
                    
                     
                       Vines
                       .
                    
                     
                       Violets
                       in
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       W.
                       
                    
                     
                       VVHeat
                       .
                       See
                       Turkey
                       and
                       Saracen●
                    
                     
                       Wheat
                       .
                    
                     
                       Worm-wood
                       for
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                     
                       Wood-sorrel
                       .
                       See
                       Alleluia
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Containing
                     a
                     Description
                     of
                     the
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     things
                     which
                     contribute
                     to
                     the
                     production
                     and
                     Multiplication
                     of
                     every
                     sort
                     of
                     Plant
                     ,
                     or
                     Legume
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Alenois
                     Cresses
                     :
                     See
                     Cresses
                     .
                     Alfange
                     :
                     See
                     Lettuce
                     .
                  
                   
                     ALLELUIA
                     ,
                     or
                     Wood
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       French
                       Sorrel
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     Trefoil
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Runners
                     or
                     slips
                     ,
                     which
                     sprout
                     from
                     the
                     foot
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     do
                     Violets
                     and
                     Daises
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     It
                     bears
                     a
                     White
                     Flower
                     ,
                     but
                     no
                     seed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Anis
                     ,
                     Is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     yellowish
                     Green
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     longish
                     Oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     Striped
                     :
                     Which
                     Oval
                     is
                     Bunched
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     .
                     In
                     a
                     word
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     altogether
                     like
                     Fennel-seed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Artichoaks
                     ,
                     are
                     commonly
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     their
                     Oeillitons
                     or
                     little
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     or
                     Off-Sets
                     which
                     are
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     Kernals
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     about
                     the
                     heart
                     of
                     the
                     foot
                     of
                     their
                     plants
                     ,
                     ●hat
                     is
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     part
                     that
                     separates
                     the
                     Root
                     from
                     the
                     Eye
                     or
                     bud
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     stemm
                     grows
                     that
                     produces
                     the
                     Artichockes
                     :
                     These
                     little
                     Eyes
                     or
                     off-sets
                     begin
                     commonly
                     to
                     breed
                     at
                     the
                     very
                     end
                     of
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     or
                     in
                     Winter
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     mild
                     ,
                     and
                     shoot
                     forth
                     their
                     Leaves
                     in
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     March
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     month
                     of
                     April
                     ,
                     at
                     which
                     time
                     ,
                     we
                     grope
                     about
                     the
                     foot
                     of
                     the
                     Artichoke
                     ,
                     and
                     separate
                     or
                     slip
                     off
                     these
                     Suckers
                     or
                     off-sets
                     ,
                     in
                     French
                     called
                     little
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     is
                     called
                     Slipping
                     ,
                     or
                     dis-Eyeing
                     .
                  
                   
                     These
                     off-sets
                     or
                     suckers
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     ,
                     should
                     be
                     White
                     about
                     the
                     heel
                     ,
                     and
                     have
                     some
                     little
                     roots
                     ;
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     black
                     about
                     the
                     heel
                     ,
                     are
                     old
                     ,
                     and
                     produce
                     but
                     very
                     little
                     Artichokes
                     in
                     the
                     spring
                     ,
                     whereas
                     the
                     others
                     stay
                     till
                     
                       August
                       ,
                       September
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     October
                     ,
                     before
                     they
                     bring
                     theirs
                     to
                     perfection
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     intention
                     of
                     the
                     Gard'ner
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sometimes
                     Artichokes
                     are
                     multiplied
                     by
                     the
                     seed
                     ,
                     which
                     grows
                     in
                     the
                     Artichoke
                     bottoms
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     suffered
                     to
                     grow
                     old
                     ,
                     to
                     flower
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     open
                     ,
                     and
                     lastly
                     to
                     dry
                     ,
                     about
                     Midsummer
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     When
                     we
                     tie
                     them
                     up
                     in
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     we
                     wrap
                     and
                     cover
                     them
                     up
                     to
                     their
                     whole
                     length
                     ,
                     with
                     straw
                     or
                     old
                     dung
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     Whiten
                     the
                     Cottony
                     sides
                     of
                     their
                     leaves
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     Artichoke
                     Chards
                     of
                     .
                  
                   
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     or
                     Sparagras
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     seeds
                     which
                     is
                     black
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     oval
                     ,
                     round
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     flat
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     great
                     pin's
                     head
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     shell
                     ,
                     or
                     round
                     Cod
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     Red
                     ,
                     and
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     Pea
                     ;
                     there
                     are
                     four
                     or
                     six
                     seeds
                     in
                     each
                     shell
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     shells
                     grow
                     in
                     Autumn
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     head
                     of
                     those
                     Asparagus
                     plants
                     that
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     fairer
                     and
                     stronger
                     than
                     the
                     rest
                     .
                     Sometimes
                     those
                     shells
                     are
                     sown
                     whole
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     best
                     way
                     is
                     to
                     break
                     them
                     ,
                     and
                     beat
                     the
                     seeds
                     out
                     of
                     them
                     .
                     The
                     time
                     of
                     sowing
                     them
                     is
                     about
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     March.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     B
                  
                   
                     BAlm
                     ,
                     in
                     
                       French
                       ,
                       Melisse
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Runners
                     and
                     Cuttings
                     .
                  
                   
                     Basil
                     ,
                     or
                     Basilick
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     the
                     Great
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Small
                     sort
                     is
                     multiplied
                     by
                     seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     blackish
                     cinnamon
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     Small
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     oval
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     propagated
                     no
                     other
                     way
                     but
                     that
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     common
                     Bay
                     ,
                     or
                     Bays
                     ,
                     is
                     propagated
                     by
                     seeds
                     which
                     are
                     Black
                     ,
                     or
                     else
                     by
                     Layers
                     .
                  
                   
                     Beans
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Marsh
                     or
                     
                       Common
                       Beans
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     pretty
                     thick
                     and
                     long
                     ,
                     of
                     an
                     oval
                     figure
                     ,
                     round
                     at
                     one
                     end
                     ,
                     and
                     flat
                     at
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     black
                     list
                     or
                     Crease
                     pretty
                     thick
                     and
                     broad
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     sullied
                     White
                     colour
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     smoother
                     skin
                     than
                     the
                     Haricauts
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Kidney
                       Beans
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     likewise
                     long
                     and
                     oval
                     ,
                     but
                     narrower
                     ,
                     lesser
                     ,
                     and
                     thinner
                     than
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     having
                     a
                     black
                     list
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     oval
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     round
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     bending
                     Inward
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     .
                     The
                     Feverolles
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Venetian
                       Beans
                    
                     ,
                     dister
                     only
                     from
                     these
                     last
                     ,
                     in
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     less
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     White
                     ,
                     some
                     Red
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     mottled
                     with
                     several
                     Colours
                     ;
                     there
                     is
                     one
                     sort
                     of
                     them
                     that
                     is
                     very
                     small
                     .
                     Every
                     body
                     knows
                     ,
                     they
                     all
                     grow
                     in
                     Cods
                     .
                  
                   
                     Beet-Raves
                     ,
                     or
                     Beet-Radishes
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     Red-Beets
                     to
                     produce
                     Roots
                     for
                     Sallets
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     middling
                     Peas
                     ,
                     and
                     round
                     ,
                     but
                     all
                     gravelly
                     in
                     their
                     roundness
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     yellowish
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     like
                     those
                     of
                     the
                     
                       White
                       Beet
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     hardly
                     to
                     be
                     distinguish'd
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     People
                     are
                     often
                     mistaken
                     ,
                     thinking
                     they
                     have
                     sown
                     
                       Red
                       Ones
                    
                     for
                     Roots
                     ,
                     and
                     see
                     nothing
                     come
                     up
                     but
                     
                       White
                       Beets
                    
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     planted
                     apart
                     when
                     designed
                     to
                     run
                     to
                     Seed
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       White
                       Beets
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     Porrêe
                     or
                     Poirée
                     ,
                     for
                     Chards
                     are
                     also
                     propogated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Red
                       Beets
                    
                     ,
                     only
                     't
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     little
                     duller
                     colour
                     :
                     They
                     are
                     replanted
                     to
                     produce
                     Chards
                     .
                  
                   
                     Bonne-Dame
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Good
                       Lady
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     extreamly
                     flat
                     ,
                     and
                     thin
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     round
                     and
                     reddish
                     .
                  
                   
                     Borage
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     black
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     long
                     bunchy
                     Oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     having
                     commonly
                     a
                     little
                     white
                     end
                     towards
                     the
                     base
                     or
                     bottom
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     quite
                     separated
                     from
                     the
                     rest
                     ,
                     the
                     length
                     is
                     all
                     Engraven
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     with
                     black
                     streaks
                     from
                     one
                     end
                     to
                     the
                     other
                     .
                  
                   
                     Bugloss
                     is
                     likewise
                     only
                     multiplied
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     so
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Borage
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     cannot
                     be
                     known
                     asunder
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Buckshorn
                       Sallet
                    
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     least
                     we
                     have
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     besides
                     that
                     ,
                     longish
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     dark
                     Cinnamon
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     Husk
                     like
                     a
                     Rats
                     Tail.
                     
                  
                   
                     Burnet
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     Oval
                     ,
                     with
                     four
                     sides
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     all
                     over
                     engraven
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     in
                     the
                     spaces
                     between
                     those
                     four
                     sides
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     C.
                     
                  
                   
                     CAbbages
                     ,
                     called
                     in
                     
                       French
                       ,
                       Choux
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     comprehending
                     both
                     
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       Coleworts
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Colyflowers
                     of
                     all
                     kinds
                     ,
                     of
                     what
                     Nature
                     soever
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     Pin
                     ,
                     or
                     of
                     Birding
                     Powder
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     reddish
                     ,
                     inclining
                     to
                     a
                     brown
                     Cinnamon
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Capucin
                       Capers
                    
                     .
                     See
                     Nasturces
                     .
                  
                   
                     Caprons
                     .
                     See
                     Strawberries
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Spanish
                       Cardons
                    
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longish
                     ,
                     oval
                     ,
                     and
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     fair
                     
                       Wheat
                       Corn
                    
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     greenish
                     ,
                     or
                     Olive
                     colour
                     ,
                     mark'd
                     with
                     black
                     streaks
                     from
                     one
                     end
                     to
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     Sown
                     from
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     April
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Carrots
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     small
                     and
                     oval
                     ,
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     which
                     are
                     wrought
                     with
                     little
                     streaks
                     ,
                     or
                     longish
                     points
                     very
                     small
                     ;
                     and
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     the
                     flat
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Seed
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     fuller
                     ,
                     and
                     more
                     raised
                     than
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     both
                     of
                     them
                     are
                     marked
                     long-ways
                     with
                     streaks
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     of
                     the
                     colour
                     of
                     a
                     dead
                     Leaf
                     .
                  
                   
                     Collery
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     yellowish
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     longish
                     oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     bunched
                     .
                  
                   
                     Chalots
                     :
                     See
                     Eschalots
                     .
                  
                   
                     Chards
                     of
                     Artichokes
                     :
                     See
                     Artichokes
                     .
                  
                   
                     Chards
                     of
                     Beets
                     :
                     See
                     Beets
                     .
                  
                   
                     Chervil
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     black
                     ,
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     longish
                     ;
                     striped
                     long-ways
                     ;
                     it
                     grows
                     upon
                     the
                     Plants
                     that
                     were
                     Sown
                     in
                     the
                     Autumn
                     before
                     ,
                     and
                     Knits
                     and
                     Ripens
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     June
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Musked
                       Chervil
                    
                     is
                     multiplied
                     likewise
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longish
                     ,
                     black
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     big
                     .
                  
                   
                     Chervi
                     or
                     Skirrets
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     oval
                     ,
                     longish
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     small
                     and
                     narrow
                     ,
                     streaked
                     from
                     one
                     end
                     to
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     the
                     colour
                     of
                     a
                     grayish
                     white
                     dead
                     Leaf
                     ,
                     and
                     flat
                     at
                     one
                     end
                     .
                  
                   
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                     or
                     small
                     Onions
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     corn
                     of
                     ordinary
                     Gun-powder
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     flat
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     half
                     round
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     a
                     little
                     long
                     and
                     oval
                     ,
                     and
                     white
                     on
                     the
                     inside
                     ;
                     so
                     like
                     to
                     which
                     are
                     the
                     Seeds
                     of
                     both
                     the
                     Red
                     and
                     
                       White
                       Onion
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     hard
                     to
                     distinguish
                     them
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     :
                     Ciboules
                     are
                     Sown
                     in
                     all
                     Seasons
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Citrulls
                       ,
                       Pumpions
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Pumkins
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     of
                     a
                     flat
                     oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     large
                     and
                     whitish
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     neatly
                     edged
                     about
                     the
                     sides
                     ,
                     excepting
                     only
                     at
                     the
                     bottom
                     ,
                     where
                     they
                     stuck
                     to
                     the
                     Citrull
                     or
                     Pumpion
                     ,
                     in
                     whose
                     Belly
                     they
                     were
                     formed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Cives
                     ,
                     called
                     
                       English
                       Cives
                    
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     little
                     Off-sets
                     that
                     grow
                     round
                     about
                     their
                     Tufts
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     very
                     big
                     in
                     time
                     ,
                     from
                     which
                     a
                     part
                     of
                     those
                     Off-sets
                     are
                     taken
                     to
                     Replant
                     .
                  
                   
                     Colyflowers
                     :
                     See
                     Cabbages
                     .
                  
                   
                     Coleworts
                     :
                     See
                     Cabbages
                     .
                  
                   
                     Cresses
                     ,
                     called
                     
                       Alènois
                       Cresses
                    
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     longish
                     oval
                     figure
                     ,
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     an
                     Orange
                     yellow
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     or
                     Cowcumbers
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     oval
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     pointed
                     at
                     both
                     ends
                     ,
                     but
                     a
                     little
                     less
                     at
                     the
                     lower
                     end
                     or
                     bottom
                     than
                     at
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     which
                     springs
                     its
                     Bud
                     or
                     Sprout
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     midling
                     thickness
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     whitish
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     gathered
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Bellies
                     of
                     those
                     Cucumbers
                     that
                     are
                     grown
                     yellow
                     with
                     ripeness
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Curran-Bushes
                     ,
                     whose
                     Fruit
                     grows
                     in
                     Bunches
                     ,
                     both
                     the
                     Red
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     White
                     ,
                     called
                     
                       Dutch
                       Currans
                    
                     ;
                     as
                     also
                     Goosberry-Bushes
                     ,
                     called
                     in
                     
                       French
                       ,
                       Groseilles
                    
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     as
                     Currans
                     ,
                     and
                     named
                     Picquans
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Prickly
                       Groseilles
                    
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     as
                     well
                     by
                     slips
                     that
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     Rooted
                     ,
                     that
                     Sprout
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     foot
                     of
                     their
                     Stocks
                     every
                     year
                     in
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     as
                     by
                     simple
                     Cuttings
                     ;
                     we
                     also
                     Replant
                     their
                     Stocks
                     of
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     years
                     old
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     D.
                     
                  
                   
                     THe
                     Dock
                     ,
                     called
                     Patience
                     ,
                     being
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     like
                     Sorrel
                     Seed
                     ,
                     only
                     a
                     little
                     bigger
                     .
                  
                   
                     Dragons
                     ,
                     or
                     Estragon
                     ,
                     a
                     Sallet
                     :
                     See
                     Estragon
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     E.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       WHite
                       Endive
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     in
                     
                       French
                       ,
                       Chicorée
                    
                     ,
                     i.
                     e.
                     Succory
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longish
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     whitish
                     grey
                     colour
                     ,
                     flat
                     at
                     one
                     end
                     ,
                     and
                     roundish
                     at
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     upon
                     the
                     Stocks
                     or
                     Stems
                     of
                     the
                     preceeding
                     years
                     growth
                     ;
                     one
                     would
                     take
                     it
                     almost
                     for
                     nothing
                     else
                     but
                     little
                     bits
                     of
                     Herb
                     cut
                     pretty
                     small
                     .
                  
                   
                     Wild
                     Endive
                     ,
                     or
                     Succory
                     ,
                     is
                     also
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longish
                     and
                     blackish
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     as
                     the
                     other
                     doth
                     .
                  
                   
                     Eshalottes
                     ,
                     or
                     Shalotts
                     :
                     See
                     Shalots
                     .
                  
                   
                     Estragon
                     ,
                     or
                     Dragons
                     ,
                     being
                     a
                     Sallet
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Runners
                     ,
                     or
                     Cuttings
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     F.
                     
                  
                   
                     FEnnel
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     small
                     ,
                     longish
                     and
                     oval
                     ,
                     bunched
                     ,
                     and
                     streaked
                     with
                     greenish
                     grey
                     streaks
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       French
                       Sorrel
                    
                     :
                     See
                     Alleluia
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     G.
                     
                  
                   
                     GArlick
                     is
                     produced
                     by
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Kernels
                     ,
                     or
                     Off-sets
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     in
                     great
                     numbers
                     about
                     its
                     Foot
                     ,
                     
                       and
                       make
                       all
                       together
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Bulb
                       like
                       an
                       Onion
                       ,
                    
                     which
                     Kernels
                     are
                     called
                     the
                     Cloves
                     of
                     the
                     Garlick
                     ;
                     every
                     Clove
                     being
                     concave
                     or
                     hollow
                     on
                     the
                     inside
                     ,
                     and
                     convex
                     ,
                     or
                     bending
                     outwards
                     on
                     the
                     out-side
                     ,
                     having
                     at
                     its
                     lower
                     end
                     ,
                     a
                     flat
                     base
                     or
                     bottom
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     fastned
                     to
                     the
                     body
                     of
                     the
                     Foot
                     or
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     Roots
                     spring
                     ;
                     and
                     having
                     on
                     the
                     top
                     a
                     pointed
                     end
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     which
                     springs
                     its
                     Bud
                     ,
                     or
                     Shoot
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     is
                     planted
                     in
                     the
                     Earth
                     in
                     the
                     Months
                     of
                     March
                     or
                     April
                     ,
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     its
                     bringing
                     forth
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Good
                       Lady
                    
                     :
                     See
                     
                       Bonne
                       Dame.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     Goosberry-Bushes
                     :
                     See
                     Curran-Bushes
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     H.
                     
                  
                   
                     HYssop
                     ,
                     or
                     Hysope
                     ,
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     slips
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     L.
                     
                  
                   
                     LAvender
                     is
                     multiplied
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     the
                     old
                     Stocks
                     or
                     Plants
                     replanted
                     .
                  
                   
                     Lawrel
                     ,
                     or
                     Laurel
                     :
                     See
                     Bays
                     .
                  
                   
                     Leeks
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     altogether
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Ciboules
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     Replanted
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     very
                     deep
                     in
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     their
                     Stalks
                     and
                     Plants
                     thick
                     and
                     white
                     ;
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     Sown
                     in
                     March
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     the
                     Frost
                     will
                     permit
                     ;
                     their
                     Seed
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     thick
                     white
                     Purse
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     round
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     upon
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     long
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     keeps
                     a
                     pretty
                     long
                     time
                     in
                     that
                     Purse
                     or
                     Hood
                     before
                     it
                     falls
                     .
                  
                   
                     Lettuces
                     ,
                     of
                     what
                     sort
                     so
                     ever
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     longish
                     oval
                     figure
                     ,
                     streaked
                     long-ways
                     ,
                     sharp
                     pointed
                     at
                     the
                     ends
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     small
                     ;
                     some
                     are
                     black
                     ,
                     as
                     those
                     of
                     Aubervilliers
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     most
                     of
                     them
                     are
                     white
                     :
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     Sown
                     in
                     the
                     Spring
                     they
                     run
                     to
                     Seed
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     July
                     after
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     
                       Winter
                       Lettuces
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     otherwise
                     
                       Shell
                       Lettuces
                    
                     ,
                     after
                     having
                     past
                     the
                     Winter
                     in
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     they
                     were
                     Re-planted
                     in
                     October
                     run
                     up
                     to
                     Seed
                     in
                     the
                     Month
                     of
                     July
                     following
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     M.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       MAcedonian
                       Parsly
                    
                     :
                     See
                     Parsly
                     .
                  
                   
                     Mâches
                     ,
                     or
                     Masches
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     an
                     Orange
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     Mallows
                     ,
                     or
                     Marsh-Mallows
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seeds
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     like
                     one
                     another
                     in
                     shape
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     are
                     different
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     colour
                     as
                     in
                     bigness
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     Seed
                     of
                     the
                     Mallows
                     is
                     much
                     bigger
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     Marsh-Mallows
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     of
                     this
                     latter
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     deeper
                     brown
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     plain
                     Mallows
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     both
                     Triangular
                     ,
                     and
                     streaked
                     all
                     over
                     .
                  
                   
                     Marjoram
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     little
                     ,
                     and
                     shaped
                     almost
                     like
                     a
                     Limon
                     ,
                     more
                     pointed
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     speckled
                     in
                     some
                     places
                     with
                     little
                     white
                     specks
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     streaked
                     with
                     white
                     all
                     over
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     pretty
                     light
                     Cinnamon
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     Melons
                     ,
                     or
                     Musk-Melons
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     by
                     a
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Cucumber
                     ,
                     excepting
                     in
                     colour
                     ,
                     which
                     in
                     Melons
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     pale
                     red
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     broad
                     as
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     others
                     ;
                     they
                     are
                     taken
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     Bellies
                     of
                     ripe
                     Musk-Melons
                     .
                  
                   
                     Mint
                     ,
                     or
                     Spare-Mint
                     ,
                     called
                     in
                     
                       French
                       ,
                       Balm
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Runners
                     that
                     are
                     like
                     so
                     many
                     Arms
                     that
                     spring
                     out
                     of
                     its
                     Tuft
                     ,
                     and
                     take
                     Root
                     ;
                     it
                     likewise
                     is
                     propagated
                     by
                     Cuttings
                     ,
                     but
                     bears
                     no
                     Seed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Muscat
                     :
                     See
                     Vines
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     N.
                     
                  
                   
                     NAsturces
                     ,
                     commonly
                     called
                     
                       Capucin
                       Capers
                    
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Pea
                     or
                     Haricot
                     ,
                     or
                     French-Bean
                     ,
                     which
                     climbs
                     and
                     gets
                     up
                     upon
                     Branches
                     or
                     Poles
                     which
                     are
                     near
                     it
                     ;
                     the
                     Leaf
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     pretty
                     large
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     flower
                     ,
                     of
                     an
                     Orange
                     colour
                     ;
                     the
                     figure
                     of
                     the
                     Seed
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     Pyramidal
                     ,
                     divided
                     by
                     Ribs
                     ,
                     having
                     all
                     its
                     superficies
                     engraven
                     ,
                     and
                     wrought
                     all
                     over
                     ,
                     being
                     of
                     a
                     grey
                     colour
                     ,
                     inclining
                     to
                     a
                     light
                     Cinnamon
                     :
                     They
                     are
                     Sown
                     in
                     hot
                     Beds
                     about
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     March
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     April
                     ,
                     and
                     afterwards
                     they
                     are
                     Replanted
                     by
                     some
                     Wall
                     well
                     exposed
                     .
                     The
                     Seed
                     easily
                     falls
                     as
                     soon
                     as
                     ever
                     't
                     is
                     Ripe
                     ,
                     as
                     doth
                     that
                     of
                     Borage
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     
                       Belles
                       de
                       Nuit
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Night
                       Fair
                       Ones
                    
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     they
                     must
                     be
                     carefully
                     gathered
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     O.
                     
                  
                   
                     ONions
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     the
                     White
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Red
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     already
                     said
                     ,
                     is
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Ciboules
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     P.
                     
                  
                   
                     PArsly
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     the
                     Common
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     
                       Curled
                       sort
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     little
                     and
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     greenish
                     grey
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     bending
                     inward
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     over
                     streaked
                     with
                     little
                     rising
                     streaks
                     from
                     one
                     end
                     to
                     the
                     other
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Macedonian
                       Parsly
                    
                     or
                     Alisanders
                     is
                     also
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     and
                     oval
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     more
                     full
                     and
                     swelling
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     which
                     bends
                     a
                     little
                     inward
                     ,
                     streaked
                     throughout
                     its
                     whole
                     length
                     ;
                     and
                     is
                     also
                     streaked
                     a
                     cross
                     on
                     the
                     edges
                     between
                     the
                     sides
                     .
                  
                   
                     Passe-pierre
                     :
                     See
                     Pierce-Pierre
                     .
                  
                   
                     Parsnips
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     flat
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     round
                     figure
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     oval
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     hemmed
                     or
                     edged
                     ,
                     streaked
                     throughout
                     its
                     length
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     of
                     the
                     colour
                     of
                     a
                     brownish
                     Straw
                     .
                  
                   
                     Patience
                     :
                     See
                     Dock
                     .
                  
                   
                     Passe-Musquee
                     :
                     See
                     Muscats
                     ,
                     and
                     Vines
                     .
                  
                   
                     Peas
                     ,
                     or
                     Pease
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ;
                     there
                     are
                     
                       great
                       Ones
                       ,
                       little
                       Ones
                       ,
                       white
                       Ones
                    
                     or
                     yellow
                     Ones
                     ,
                     and
                     green
                     Ones
                     .
                     All
                     the
                     world
                     knows
                     they
                     grow
                     in
                     Cods
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     almost
                     round
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     half
                     flat
                     .
                  
                   
                     Perce-Pierre
                     vulgarly
                     called
                     Passe-Pierre
                     ,
                     i.
                     e.
                     Pass
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Pierce
                       Stone
                    
                     ,
                     being
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Stone-Parsly
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     more
                     long
                     than
                     round
                     ,
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     greenish
                     grey
                     colour
                     ,
                     striped
                     on
                     the
                     Back
                     and
                     Belly
                     ,
                     and
                     resembling
                     a
                     Lute
                     in
                     shape
                     .
                  
                   
                     Pimpernell
                     :
                     See
                     Burnet
                     .
                  
                   
                     Pompions
                     ,
                     or
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     or
                     Pumkins
                     :
                     See
                     Citrulls
                     .
                  
                   
                     Potirons
                     ,
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     
                       Flat
                       Citrulls
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     altogether
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Common
                       Citrull
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     Pumpion
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     manner
                     .
                  
                   
                     Purslain
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     of
                     the
                     Green
                     ,
                     as
                     Red
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Golden
                       sort
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     black
                     ,
                     and
                     extraordinary
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     half
                     flat
                     roundish
                     figure
                     .
                     To
                     have
                     a
                     good
                     Crop
                     of
                     this
                     Seed
                     ,
                     the
                     Purslain
                     Plants
                     must
                     be
                     Replanted
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     May
                     ,
                     at
                     a
                     full
                     Foot
                     distance
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     :
                     The
                     Seed
                     grows
                     in
                     little
                     Husks
                     or
                     Shells
                     ,
                     each
                     of
                     which
                     contain
                     a
                     great
                     many
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     we
                     are
                     to
                     gather
                     it
                     ,
                     we
                     cut
                     off
                     all
                     the
                     heads
                     of
                     the
                     Stalks
                     ,
                     and
                     lay
                     them
                     to
                     dry
                     a
                     little
                     in
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     we
                     beat
                     the
                     Seed
                     out
                     ,
                     and
                     Fan
                     ,
                     or
                     Screen
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     R.
                     
                  
                   
                     RAdishes
                     are
                     multiplied
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     round
                     ,
                     pretty
                     thick
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     reddish
                     Cinnamon
                     colour
                     ;
                     it
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     little
                     Cods
                     ,
                     which
                     they
                     call
                     Coque-Sigrues
                     in
                     Provence
                     .
                  
                   
                     Raspberries
                     ,
                     both
                     Red
                     and
                     White
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     slips
                     that
                     sprout
                     out
                     of
                     their
                     stocks
                     every
                     year
                     in
                     the
                     Spring
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     sit
                     to
                     Replant
                     the
                     next
                     Spring
                     after
                     .
                  
                   
                     Reponces
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Field
                       Radishes
                    
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     little
                     Radishes
                     that
                     are
                     eaten
                     in
                     Sallats
                     ,
                     and
                     grow
                     without
                     any
                     pains
                     in
                     the
                     Fields
                     .
                  
                   
                     Rocamboles
                     ,
                     are
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     mild
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     otherwise
                     called
                     
                       Spanish
                       Garlick
                    
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     multiplied
                     both
                     by
                     Cloves
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     latter
                     is
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     ordinary
                     Peas
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Rocket
                     ,
                     being
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Sallat
                       Furnitures
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplied
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     extreme
                     little
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     Cinnamon
                     ,
                     or
                     dark
                     Tan
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     Rosemary
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     very
                     odoriferous
                     Shrub
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     propagated
                     by
                     Seed
                     or
                     Branches
                     that
                     have
                     some
                     portion
                     of
                     Root
                     .
                  
                   
                     Rubarb
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     triangular
                     ,
                     the
                     three
                     Angles
                     being
                     as
                     thin
                     as
                     very
                     thin
                     Paper
                     ,
                     and
                     there
                     being
                     a
                     thickness
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     where
                     the
                     Bud
                     or
                     Shoot
                     is
                     .
                  
                   
                     Rue
                     is
                     multiplied
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     whose
                     shape
                     resembles
                     that
                     of
                     a
                     Cocks
                     Stone
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     black
                     colour
                     and
                     rugged
                     ;
                     but
                     yet
                     we
                     usually
                     propagate
                     it
                     rather
                     by
                     its
                     Layers
                     and
                     Cuttings
                     ,
                     than
                     by
                     its
                     Seed
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     S.
                     
                  
                   
                     SAge
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     hooked
                     slips
                     that
                     have
                     a
                     little
                     Root
                     .
                  
                   
                     Salsifie
                     ,
                     or
                     Goats-Beard
                     ,
                     the
                     common
                     sort
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     almost
                     like
                     in
                     all
                     things
                     to
                     that
                     of
                     Scorzonera
                     ,
                     except
                     in
                     its
                     colour
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     greyer
                     ;
                     it
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     very
                     long
                     oval
                     figure
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     so
                     many
                     little
                     Cods
                     all
                     over
                     streaked
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     't
                     were
                     engraven
                     in
                     the
                     spaces
                     between
                     the
                     streaks
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     pretty
                     sharp
                     pointed
                     towards
                     the
                     ends
                     .
                  
                   
                     Samphire
                     or
                     Sampire
                     :
                     See
                     Pierce-pierre
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Saracens
                       Wheat
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Turky
                       Wheat
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     dark
                     red
                     Seed
                     or
                     Grain
                     ,
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     an
                     ordinary
                     Pea
                     ,
                     very
                     smooth
                     ,
                     round
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     flat
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     fastned
                     to
                     its
                     Spike
                     or
                     Ear.
                     
                  
                   
                     Savory
                     is
                     multiplied
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     extraordinary
                     small
                     and
                     round
                     ,
                     slick
                     ,
                     and
                     grey
                     .
                  
                   
                     Scorzonera
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Spanish
                       Salsifie
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     small
                     ,
                     longish
                     and
                     round
                     withal
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     white
                     colour
                     ,
                     and
                     grows
                     in
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Ball
                     ,
                     mounted
                     on
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     the
                     Stalk
                     of
                     the
                     Plant
                     ,
                     having
                     its
                     point
                     garnished
                     with
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Beard
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Pissabeds
                     ,
                     or
                     Dandelions
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sellery
                     :
                     See
                     Cellery
                     .
                  
                   
                     Shalots
                     or
                     Eschalots
                     ,
                     are
                     multiplyed
                     by
                     Off-Sets
                     or
                     Kernels
                     ,
                     which
                     grow
                     about
                     the
                     foot
                     of
                     its
                     Plant
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     about
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     a
                     Filberd
                     Nut.
                     
                  
                   
                     Smallage
                     is
                     multiplyed
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     which
                     is
                     reddish
                     ,
                     and
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     roundish
                     oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     a
                     little
                     more
                     full
                     and
                     rising
                     on
                     one
                     side
                     ,
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     streaked
                     from
                     one
                     end
                     to
                     the
                     other
                     .
                  
                   
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     the
                     Lesser
                     one
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     common
                     sort
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Greater
                     one
                     ,
                     are
                     both
                     multiplyed
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     slick
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     Triangular
                     Oval
                     Figure
                     ,
                     the
                     ends
                     of
                     it
                     being
                     sharp
                     and
                     pointed
                     ,
                     and
                     being
                     of
                     an
                     excellent
                     dark
                     Cinnamon
                     Colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Round
                       Sorrel
                    
                     ,
                     is
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Slips
                     or
                     Runners
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     out
                     of
                     one
                     Tuft
                     ,
                     we
                     may
                     easily
                     make
                     several
                     plants
                     of
                     it
                     .
                  
                   
                     French
                     or
                     Wood-Sorrel
                     :
                     See
                     Alleluia
                     .
                  
                   
                     Spare-Mint
                     :
                     See
                     Mint
                     .
                  
                   
                     Spinage
                     is
                     multiplyed
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     pretty
                     big
                     ,
                     and
                     horned
                     ,
                     or
                     Triangular
                     on
                     two
                     Sides
                     ,
                     having
                     its
                     corners
                     very
                     sharp
                     pointed
                     and
                     prickly
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     part
                     which
                     is
                     opposite
                     to
                     those
                     pointed
                     Horns
                     ,
                     is
                     like
                     a
                     Purse
                     ,
                     of
                     a
                     Grayish
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Straw-berry
                       Plants
                    
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     the
                     white
                     as
                     the
                     red
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     called
                     Caprons
                     ,
                     are
                     propagated
                     only
                     by
                     Runners
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     produced
                     by
                     a
                     kind
                     of
                     Threads
                     or
                     Strings
                     ,
                     which
                     springing
                     out
                     of
                     the
                     body
                     of
                     the
                     Plant
                     ,
                     and
                     creeping
                     along
                     upon
                     the
                     Earth
                     ,
                     easily
                     enough
                     take
                     Root
                     ,
                     at
                     certain
                     Joynts
                     or
                     Knots
                     about
                     a
                     foot
                     distance
                     one
                     from
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     which
                     knots
                     coming
                     to
                     take
                     Root
                     ,
                     make
                     new
                     Plants
                     ,
                     that
                     in
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     Months
                     time
                     ,
                     are
                     fit
                     to
                     be
                     transplanted
                     ,
                     and
                     they
                     are
                     placed
                     three
                     or
                     four
                     of
                     them
                     together
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     what
                     we
                     call
                     a
                     Tuft
                     .
                  
                   
                     Succory
                     :
                     See
                     Endive
                     .
                  
                   
                     Suckers
                     of
                     Artichokes
                     :
                     See
                     Artichokes
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Sharp
                       Trefoil
                    
                     :
                     See
                     Alleluia
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     T.
                     
                  
                   
                     TIme
                     is
                     multiplyed
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     very
                     small
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     we
                     separate
                     those
                     Plants
                     or
                     Stems
                     of
                     it
                     that
                     produce
                     several
                     rooted
                     Slips
                     or
                     Suckers
                     ,
                     to
                     replant
                     them
                     in
                     Borders
                     ,
                     for
                     Time
                     is
                     seldom
                     planted
                     otherwise
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       Tripe
                       Madam
                    
                     is
                     propagated
                     both
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     and
                     Cuttings
                     or
                     Slips
                     ,
                     every
                     Stem
                     or
                     Stock
                     of
                     it
                     producing
                     several
                     Arms
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     separated
                     and
                     replanted
                     ,
                     easily
                     take
                     Root
                     again
                     .
                     The
                     Seed
                     of
                     it
                     is
                     Gray
                     ,
                     and
                     Longish
                     ,
                     and
                     almost
                     of
                     the
                     shape
                     of
                     Parsly
                     Seed
                     ;
                     there
                     grows
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     it
                     upon
                     every
                     Seed
                     Stalk
                     ,
                     which
                     runs
                     up
                     one
                     above
                     another
                     ,
                     like
                     those
                     of
                     Seed
                     -
                     
                       Carrots
                       ,
                       Parsnips
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     there
                     are
                     seven
                     or
                     eight
                     of
                     them
                     in
                     a
                     sort
                     of
                     little
                     open
                     Cup
                     ,
                     where
                     they
                     grow
                     ripe
                     after
                     the
                     falling
                     of
                     a
                     yellow
                     Flower
                     ,
                     inclining
                     to
                     an
                     Olive
                     colour
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Turkey
                       Wheat
                    
                     :
                     See
                     
                       Saracens
                       Wheat
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Sharp
                       Trefoil
                    
                     :
                     See
                     Alleluia
                     .
                  
                   
                     Turneps
                     are
                     multiplyed
                     only
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     almost
                     like
                     that
                     of
                     Cabbage
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     V.
                     
                  
                   
                     VInes
                     of
                     what
                     sort
                     soever
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     whether
                     
                       White
                       ,
                       Red
                    
                     ,
                     or
                     
                       Black
                       Muskat
                       Chassela's
                       ,
                       Bourdelais
                       ,
                       Corinthian
                       ,
                    
                     or
                     
                       Long
                       Muscat
                    
                     ,
                     called
                     otherwise
                     Passe-Musquée
                     ,
                     &c.
                     are
                     multiplyed
                     by
                     Layers
                     ,
                     by
                     hooked
                     or
                     bent
                     Slips
                     ,
                     and
                     especially
                     Couched
                     ;
                     and
                     lastly
                     ,
                     by
                     
                       Grafting
                       Cleft-wise
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Violet
                       Plants
                    
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     of
                     the
                     Double
                     as
                     Single
                     sort
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     what
                     colour
                     soever
                     they
                     be
                     ,
                     though
                     they
                     produce
                     Seed
                     in
                     little
                     reddish
                     Shells
                     or
                     Husks
                     ,
                     yet
                     are
                     multiplyed
                     only
                     by
                     the
                     Slips
                     they
                     produce
                     ,
                     each
                     Plant
                     or
                     Stock
                     of
                     them
                     growing
                     insensibly
                     into
                     a
                     great
                     Tuft
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     divided
                     into
                     several
                     little
                     ones
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     replanted
                     ,
                     grow
                     in
                     time
                     big
                     enough
                     to
                     be
                     likewise
                     divided
                     into
                     others
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     W.
                     
                  
                   
                     Wheat
                     :
                     See
                     Saracens
                     and
                     
                       Turkey
                       Wheat
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     Worm-wood
                     ,
                     is
                     multiplyed
                     by
                     Seed
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     a
                     pretty
                     odd
                     Figure
                     ,
                     being
                     a
                     little
                     bent
                     inward
                     in
                     its
                     smallest
                     part
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     little
                     open
                     on
                     the
                     other
                     end
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     bigger
                     and
                     rounder
                     ,
                     and
                     upon
                     which
                     there
                     is
                     a
                     little
                     black
                     spot
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     colour
                     is
                     yellowish
                     at
                     the
                     bigger
                     end
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     sharper
                     end
                     inclines
                     a
                     little
                     to
                     black
                     .
                     It
                     s
                     Seed
                     is
                     seldom
                     used
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     very
                     difficult
                     to
                     fan
                     or
                     sift
                     ,
                     being
                     very
                     light
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     when
                     we
                     have
                     need
                     of
                     propagating
                     Worm-wood
                     ,
                     we
                     make
                     use
                     rather
                     of
                     its
                     Cuttings
                     and
                     Layers
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     a
                     little
                     rooted
                     .
                  
                   
                     Wood-Sorrel
                     :
                     See
                     Alleluia
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Shews
                     what
                     a
                     good
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     may
                     yield
                     us
                     every
                     Month
                     in
                     the
                     Year
                     ,
                     and
                     how
                     a
                     Gard'ner
                     may
                     and
                     ought
                     to
                     employ
                     himself
                     there
                     in
                     every
                     one
                     of
                     those
                     Months
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THe
                   Experience
                   of
                   hot
                   Countries
                   sufficiently
                   convinces
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   taken
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   is
                   capable
                   at
                   all
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   things
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   extraordinary
                   assistance
                   of
                   Art
                   ,
                   because
                   in
                   those
                   parts
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   Season
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   she
                   is
                   not
                   teeming
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   a
                   contrary
                   experience
                   we
                   find
                   ,
                   that
                   our
                   Climate
                   is
                   too
                   cold
                   to
                   afford
                   us
                   any
                   such
                   fertility
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   because
                   there
                   are
                   few
                   days
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   a
                   Man
                   has
                   not
                   occasion
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   nourishment
                   and
                   subsistance
                   with
                   something
                   of
                   the
                   growth
                   of
                   his
                   Garden
                   ;
                   It
                   concerns
                   the
                   industrious
                   Gard'ners
                   so
                   to
                   manage
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   only
                   produce
                   enough
                   amply
                   to
                   suffice
                   for
                   our
                   daily
                   use
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Months
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Earth
                   acts
                   at
                   her
                   Ease
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   
                   Sun's
                   Neighbourhood
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   furnish
                   us
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Provision
                   for
                   those
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Months
                   in
                   which
                   she
                   is
                   suspended
                   from
                   her
                   ordinary
                   functions
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   among
                   the
                   Barren
                   and
                   less
                   happy
                   Months
                   that
                   commonly
                   make
                   the
                   greatest
                   opposition
                   to
                   our
                   Culture
                   ,
                   are
                   reckoned
                   the
                   last
                   fifteen
                   days
                   of
                   November
                   ,
                   all
                   December
                   ,
                   and
                   January
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   fifteen
                   days
                   of
                   February
                   ;
                   the
                   violence
                   of
                   the
                   Frosts
                   which
                   in
                   that
                   Season
                   use
                   to
                   harden
                   and
                   cool
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Snow
                   with
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   then
                   wont
                   to
                   be
                   covered
                   ,
                   putting
                   such
                   a
                   perfect
                   stop
                   to
                   all
                   Vegetative
                   Operations
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   most
                   fertile
                   Soil
                   becomes
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   altogether
                   like
                   that
                   which
                   never
                   was
                   blessed
                   with
                   that
                   accomplishment
                   .
                   
                   But
                   notwithstanding
                   all
                   those
                   hindrances
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   still
                   work
                   enough
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   Winter
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   us
                   from
                   being
                   quite
                   idle
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Assistance
                   too
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   from
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   even
                   in
                   that
                   Season
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   not
                   labour
                   under
                   too
                   great
                   a
                   scarcity
                   of
                   their
                   Productions
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   I
                   have
                   determined
                   to
                   give
                   you
                   a
                   particular
                   account
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   works
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Commodities
                   which
                   our
                   Gardens
                   will
                   afford
                   us
                   ,
                   during
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   twelve
                   Months
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                   that
                   which
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   passes
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   opens
                   and
                   begins
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   me
                   best
                   to
                   deserve
                   the
                   preference
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     
                       Works
                       which
                       may
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       a
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       TO
                       Prune
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Trees
                       ,
                       whether
                       Dwarfs
                       or
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       to
                       prepare
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       to
                       plant
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       Ground
                       shall
                       be
                       open
                       after
                       the
                       hard
                       Frosts
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       melting
                       of
                       the
                       Snow
                       that
                       covered
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       make
                       Trenches
                       ,
                       to
                       plant
                       Trees
                       ,
                       to
                       dig
                       Molds
                       to
                       amend
                       them
                       ;
                       to
                       dig
                       round
                       the
                       Feet
                       ,
                       either
                       of
                       Trees
                       over
                       Luxuriant
                       ,
                       to
                       cut
                       off
                       their
                       thick
                       Roots
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       fructifie
                       ,
                       or
                       of
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       infirm
                       ,
                       to
                       trim
                       and
                       redress
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       make
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       sow
                       forward
                       Cowcumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       Sallets
                       in
                       ,
                       whether
                       in
                       Rows
                       or
                       little
                       Furrows
                       ,
                       or
                       under
                       Bells
                       .
                       To
                       make
                       Screens
                       to
                       cover
                       those
                       Seeds
                       in
                       case
                       of
                       need
                       :
                       The
                       first
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       for
                       Cowcumbers
                       ,
                       as
                       also
                       for
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       are
                       usually
                       made
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       we
                       may
                       make
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       heat
                       or
                       force
                       Asparagus
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       heat
                       Beds
                       of
                       
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Patience
                         ,
                         Borage
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       To
                       raise
                       on
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                         ,
                         Jacinths
                         ,
                         Narcissus's
                      
                       of
                       Constantinople
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Tulips
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       To
                       make
                       Trails
                       ,
                       Trellisces
                       ,
                       or
                       Frames
                       for
                       Wall-trees
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       pull
                       down
                       the
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       Year
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       take
                       the
                       rotten
                       Dung
                       that
                       composed
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       lay
                       it
                       upon
                       those
                       Grounds
                       we
                       would
                       amend
                       ,
                       or
                       Meliorate
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       lay
                       apart
                       some
                       Molds
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       at
                       Hand
                       ,
                       to
                       prepare
                       for
                       the
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       may
                       also
                       clear
                       and
                       cleanse
                       the
                       places
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         beds
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       the
                       making
                       of
                       new
                       ones
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       tie
                       up
                       with
                       Bands
                       of
                       Straw
                       ,
                       the
                       tops
                       of
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       Long
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       which
                       have
                       not
                       Cabbaged
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       to
                       whiten
                       them
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       big
                       enough
                       for
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       raise
                       some
                       Strawberries
                       upon
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       ripe
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       April
                       and
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       To
                       dung
                       Figg-trees
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       early
                       Figs.
                       
                    
                     
                       And
                       in
                       fine
                       ,
                       to
                       advance
                       the
                       doing
                       by
                       little
                       and
                       little
                       ,
                       all
                       that
                       the
                       Spring
                       Season
                       is
                       wont
                       to
                       do
                       with
                       an
                       extraordinary
                       Expedition
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       plant
                       Trees
                       in
                       Baskets
                       ,
                       to
                       Pot
                       ,
                       and
                       Case
                       Figg-trees
                       ,
                       to
                       lay
                       Vine
                       and
                       Fig-tree
                       Branches
                       ,
                       to
                       clear
                       your
                       Trees
                       of
                       Moss
                       ,
                       if
                       troubled
                       with
                       it
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       done
                       best
                       in
                       rainy
                       weather
                       ,
                       with
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       a
                       Knife
                       ,
                       or
                       some
                       such
                       instrument
                       .
                    
                     
                       But
                       it
                       would
                       be
                       to
                       little
                       Purpose
                       to
                       know
                       what
                       to
                       do
                       ,
                       without
                       being
                       informed
                       how
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       for
                       your
                       instruction
                       in
                       pruning
                       ,
                       I
                       referr
                       you
                       to
                       my
                       fourth
                       Book
                       ,
                       which
                       treating
                       throughly
                       of
                       that
                       Subject
                       ,
                       may
                       excuse
                       me
                       from
                       speaking
                       any
                       more
                       of
                       it
                       here
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       way
                       of
                       making
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       you
                       must
                       first
                       know
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       made
                       only
                       with
                       
                         Long
                         Horse-Dung
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Mule-Dung
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       either
                       all
                       New
                       ,
                       or
                       mixed
                       with
                       a
                       third
                       part
                       at
                       most
                       of
                       Old
                       ,
                       provided
                       it
                       be
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       rotten
                       ,
                       for
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       rotten
                       ,
                       is
                       not
                       at
                       all
                       proper
                       for
                       making
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       no
                       more
                       than
                       the
                       Dung
                       of
                       
                         Oxen
                         ,
                         Cows
                         ,
                         Hogs
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       as
                       well
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       has
                       little
                       or
                       no
                       heat
                       ,
                       as
                       because
                       ordinarily
                       those
                       kinds
                       of
                       rotten
                       Dung
                       are
                       accompanied
                       with
                       an
                       unpleasing
                       smell
                       that
                       infects
                       the
                       Plants
                       raised
                       upon
                       such
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       gives
                       them
                       an
                       ugly
                       Taste
                       .
                    
                     
                       By
                       
                         New
                         Long
                         Dung
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       understood
                       ,
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       taken
                       from
                       under
                       the
                       Horses
                       ,
                       and
                       has
                       served
                       them
                       for
                       Litter
                       but
                       one
                       Night
                       or
                       two
                       at
                       most
                       .
                    
                     
                       By
                       
                         Long
                         old
                         Dung
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       meant
                       that
                       which
                       has
                       been
                       piled
                       up
                       ever
                       since
                       it
                       was
                       new
                       ,
                       in
                       a
                       dry
                       place
                       where
                       it
                       has
                       lain
                       all
                       Summer
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       ready
                       to
                       be
                       used
                       ,
                       either
                       to
                       make
                       Coverings
                       for
                       
                         Fig-trees
                         ,
                         Artichoaks
                         ,
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       against
                       the
                       Winter
                       Cold
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       make
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       after
                       the
                       ordinary
                       manner
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       thus
                       performed
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       After
                       we
                       have
                       mark'd
                       and
                       proportioned
                       out
                       the
                       place
                       where
                       the
                       Bed
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       ,
                       and
                       mark'd
                       out
                       likewise
                       with
                       a
                       Cord
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       Stakes
                       ,
                       of
                       what
                       breadth
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       ,
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       brought
                       a
                       Rank
                       of
                       Baskets
                       full
                       of
                       
                         Long
                         Dung
                      
                       ,
                       one
                       at
                       the
                       tail
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       beginning
                       the
                       Rank
                       or
                       Row
                       where
                       the
                       Bed
                       is
                       to
                       end
                       ;
                       which
                       done
                       ,
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       begins
                       to
                       work
                       where
                       the
                       Rank
                       of
                       Baskets
                       ends
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       the
                       Dung
                       not
                       being
                       intangled
                       with
                       any
                       thing
                       lying
                       upon
                       it
                       ,
                       may
                       more
                       easily
                       and
                       handsomly
                       be
                       wrought
                       into
                       the
                       Bed.
                       Then
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       takes
                       up
                       this
                       Dung
                       with
                       a
                       Fork
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       he
                       be
                       any
                       thing
                       handy
                       ,
                       places
                       it
                       so
                       neatly
                       and
                       tightly
                       in
                       laying
                       every
                       layer
                       of
                       his
                       Bed
                       ,
                       that
                       all
                       the
                       straw
                       ends
                       of
                       the
                       Dung
                       ,
                       are
                       turned
                       inwards
                       ,
                       and
                       what
                       remains
                       ,
                       serves
                       to
                       make
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       back
                       or
                       fence
                       on
                       the
                       out-side
                       .
                       The
                       first
                       layer
                       being
                       thus
                       compleated
                       exactly
                       to
                       the
                       breadth
                       that
                       is
                       marked
                       out
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       commonly
                       of
                       about
                       four
                       foot
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       such
                       a
                       length
                       as
                       is
                       thought
                       fit
                       ,
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       proceeds
                       to
                       lay
                       the
                       second
                       ,
                       third
                       ,
                       &c.
                       beating
                       them
                       with
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       his
                       Fork
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       treading
                       them
                       with
                       his
                       Feet
                       ,
                       to
                       see
                       if
                       there
                       be
                       any
                       defect
                       ,
                       because
                       the
                       Bed
                       must
                       be
                       equally
                       stuft
                       every
                       where
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       no
                       one
                       part
                       may
                       be
                       less
                       strong
                       of
                       Dung
                       than
                       another
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       done
                       ,
                       he
                       continues
                       it
                       to
                       the
                       designed
                       length
                       ,
                       proportioning
                       it
                       still
                       by
                       Layers
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       Bed
                       reach
                       the
                       length
                       ,
                       breadth
                       ,
                       and
                       heighth
                       it
                       should
                       have
                       ,
                       which
                       heighth
                       is
                       of
                       between
                       two
                       and
                       three
                       foot
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       first
                       made
                       ,
                       and
                       sinks
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       lower
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       setled
                       .
                    
                     
                       Now
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       intention
                       of
                       these
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       designed
                       for
                       the
                       raising
                       ,
                       or
                       forwarding
                       of
                       some
                       plants
                       which
                       our
                       Climate
                       is
                       not
                       capable
                       naturally
                       of
                       producing
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Ground
                       ,
                       as
                       for
                       example
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       raising
                       of
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       little
                       
                         Sallets
                         ,
                         Straw-berries
                         ,
                         Cucumbers
                         ,
                         Musk-Melons
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       and
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       compass
                       those
                       ends
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       during
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         December
                         ,
                         January
                         ,
                         February
                         ,
                         March
                      
                       and
                       April
                       .
                       These
                       Beds
                       must
                       be
                       covered
                       over
                       with
                       a
                       certain
                       quantity
                       of
                       small
                       fine
                       mold
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       shall
                       afterward
                       Direct
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       have
                       heat
                       enough
                       to
                       communicate
                       to
                       that
                       mold
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       the
                       plants
                       that
                       are
                       nourished
                       by
                       it
                       ;
                       And
                       therefore
                       those
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       that
                       are
                       an
                       Invention
                       of
                       Gard'ners
                       against
                       the
                       Cold
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       cruel
                       Enemy
                       of
                       Vegetation
                       ,
                       must
                       be
                       well
                       made
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       the
                       second
                       place
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       other
                       Beds
                       which
                       are
                       to
                       serve
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       ,
                       in
                       all
                       the
                       seasons
                       of
                       the
                       Year
                       ,
                       and
                       such
                       may
                       be
                       made
                       every
                       Month
                       ,
                       though
                       they
                       act
                       not
                       till
                       about
                       three
                       Months
                       after
                       they
                       are
                       made
                       ;
                       and
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       when
                       all
                       their
                       great
                       heat
                       being
                       quite
                       spent
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       mouldy
                       within
                       ;
                       this
                       sort
                       of
                       Beds
                       are
                       made
                       in
                       a
                       new
                       and
                       sandy
                       Ground
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       is
                       first
                       made
                       a
                       Trench
                       of
                       about
                       six
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       then
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       a
                       layer
                       of
                       about
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       thick
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       Earth
                       ;
                       they
                       are
                       raised
                       in
                       the
                       form
                       of
                       an
                       
                         Asses
                         back
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       over
                       the
                       covering
                       of
                       Earth
                       ,
                       we
                       lay
                       another
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       Inches
                       thick
                       of
                       
                         Long
                         Dry
                         Dung
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       serves
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       to
                       shelter
                       the
                       Mushrooms
                       from
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       which
                       destroys
                       them
                       :
                       and
                       in
                       Summer
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       that
                       broils
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       likewise
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       mischievous
                       effects
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       excessive
                       heat
                       ,
                       we
                       further
                       take
                       care
                       gently
                       to
                       water
                       these
                       
                         Mushroom
                         Beds
                      
                       twice
                       or
                       thrice
                       a
                       week
                       .
                    
                     
                       As
                       for
                       the
                       breadth
                       of
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       it
                       should
                       be
                       in
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       of
                       about
                       four
                       foot
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       heighth
                       must
                       be
                       of
                       between
                       two
                       and
                       three
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       first
                       made
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       sink
                       afterwards
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       ,
                       when
                       once
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       is
                       past
                       ;
                       As
                       for
                       the
                       length
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       regulated
                       by
                       the
                       quantity
                       of
                       Dung
                       we
                       have
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       with
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       according
                       to
                       that
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       them
                       of
                       several
                       lengths
                       ;
                       But
                       in
                       heighth
                       and
                       breadth
                       ,
                       all
                       Beds
                       should
                       be
                       as
                       near
                       as
                       may
                       be
                       ,
                       alike
                       proportioned
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       difference
                       which
                       there
                       is
                       in
                       other
                       respects
                       ,
                       between
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       produce
                       plants
                       by
                       their
                       heat
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       designed
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       ,
                       consists
                       first
                       in
                       that
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       need
                       not
                       be
                       sunk
                       down
                       within
                       the
                       Earth
                       like
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       usually
                       sunk
                       about
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       ,
                       unless
                       they
                       be
                       designed
                       for
                       such
                       Beds
                       as
                       we
                       call
                       
                         Deaf
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       Beds
                       sunk
                       so
                       over
                       Head
                       and
                       Ears
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       that
                       when
                       filled
                       up
                       ,
                       they
                       exceed
                       not
                       the
                       superficies
                       of
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       in
                       height
                       .
                       In
                       the
                       second
                       place
                       ,
                       this
                       difference
                       consists
                       ,
                       in
                       that
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       must
                       be
                       flat
                       and
                       even
                       above
                       ,
                       whereas
                       these
                       others
                       must
                       be
                       raised
                       in
                       form
                       of
                       an
                       
                         Asses
                         Back
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Lastly
                       ,
                       it
                       consists
                       in
                       that
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       must
                       be
                       Loaden
                       with
                       a
                       pretty
                       good
                       quantity
                       of
                       very
                       small
                       mold
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       made
                       ,
                       whereas
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       but
                       a
                       very
                       little
                       mold
                       laid
                       upon
                       the
                       others
                       ;
                       That
                       mold
                       by
                       its
                       weight
                       ,
                       makes
                       the
                       Beds
                       heat
                       ,
                       and
                       settle
                       the
                       sooner
                       .
                       We
                       lay
                       upon
                       them
                       sometimes
                       more
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       less
                       mold
                       ;
                       as
                       for
                       Example
                       ,
                       we
                       throw
                       on
                       to
                       the
                       quantity
                       of
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       Inches
                       thick
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       to
                       sow
                       ordinary
                       plants
                       in
                       ,
                       as
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       plant
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Asparagus
                       to
                       be
                       advanced
                       by
                       heat
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       the
                       depth
                       of
                       a
                       foot
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       to
                       sow
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       replant
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       pots
                       of
                       Straw-berries
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                     
                       But
                       before
                       we
                       sow
                       or
                       replant
                       any
                       thing
                       whatsoever
                       upon
                       any
                       new
                       made
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       first
                       precaution
                       we
                       must
                       observe
                       ,
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       stay
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       days
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       ,
                       to
                       give
                       the
                       Bed
                       time
                       first
                       to
                       heat
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       to
                       give
                       time
                       to
                       that
                       heat
                       which
                       is
                       very
                       violent
                       ,
                       to
                       abate
                       considerably
                       ;
                       This
                       abatement
                       appears
                       when
                       the
                       whole
                       Bed
                       is
                       sunk
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       thrusting
                       down
                       our
                       hand
                       into
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       we
                       perceive
                       in
                       it
                       but
                       a
                       moderate
                       heat
                       .
                       Then
                       it
                       is
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       begin
                       handsomly
                       to
                       shape
                       out
                       and
                       adjust
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       purpose
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       ,
                       makes
                       use
                       of
                       a
                       board
                       of
                       a
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       which
                       he
                       places
                       upon
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       about
                       two
                       Inches
                       from
                       the
                       Edge
                       ,
                       and
                       joining
                       close
                       to
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       and
                       having
                       thus
                       placed
                       it
                       ,
                       he
                       endeavours
                       to
                       keep
                       it
                       firm
                       and
                       tight
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       with
                       his
                       left
                       hand
                       and
                       Knee
                       ,
                       as
                       with
                       the
                       strength
                       of
                       his
                       whole
                       Body
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       with
                       his
                       right
                       hand
                       ,
                       he
                       begins
                       at
                       one
                       end
                       ,
                       to
                       press
                       down
                       the
                       mold
                       against
                       the
                       board
                       ,
                       so
                       hard
                       ,
                       till
                       he
                       bring
                       it
                       to
                       so
                       firm
                       a
                       consistence
                       ,
                       that
                       how
                       light
                       and
                       loose
                       soever
                       it
                       were
                       before
                       of
                       its
                       own
                       Nature
                       ,
                       yet
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       keep
                       up
                       it self
                       alone
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       board
                       is
                       taken
                       away
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       if
                       it
                       were
                       a
                       solid
                       body
                       .
                       When
                       the
                       mold
                       is
                       thus
                       adjusted
                       to
                       the
                       whole
                       length
                       of
                       the
                       board
                       ,
                       then
                       he
                       removes
                       the
                       board
                       to
                       another
                       place
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       continues
                       till
                       he
                       has
                       performed
                       the
                       same
                       operation
                       on
                       all
                       sides
                       of
                       the
                       Bed.
                       And
                       if
                       the
                       board
                       be
                       a
                       little
                       longer
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       unwieldy
                       than
                       ordinary
                       ,
                       then
                       there
                       must
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       persons
                       join
                       together
                       to
                       work
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       ,
                       to
                       adjust
                       this
                       mold
                       ;
                       or
                       if
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       be
                       all
                       alone
                       ,
                       he
                       must
                       keep
                       the
                       board
                       tight
                       with
                       some
                       Pins
                       ,
                       fastned
                       in
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       the
                       Dung
                       Bed
                       already
                       adjusted
                       ;
                       And
                       when
                       the
                       thing
                       is
                       done
                       ,
                       the
                       mold
                       should
                       have
                       at
                       least
                       a
                       full
                       half
                       foot
                       extent
                       less
                       on
                       every
                       side
                       ,
                       than
                       the
                       lower
                       part
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       its
                       oblong
                       square
                       figure
                       ,
                       appear
                       as
                       even
                       as
                       if
                       it
                       were
                       a
                       Bed
                       formed
                       on
                       the
                       plain
                       Ground
                       ;
                       After
                       which
                       ,
                       the
                       Beds
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       employed
                       for
                       those
                       occasions
                       that
                       first
                       obliged
                       us
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       .
                       All
                       things
                       in
                       them
                       would
                       either
                       perish
                       ,
                       or
                       be
                       much
                       endamaged
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       sowed
                       or
                       planted
                       in
                       them
                       sooner
                       ,
                       or
                       if
                       we
                       should
                       delay
                       our
                       doing
                       it
                       any
                       longer
                       .
                       The
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       may
                       last
                       in
                       a
                       condition
                       to
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       perform
                       well
                       its
                       effects
                       for
                       about
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       days
                       after
                       it
                       is
                       sown
                       or
                       planted
                       ;
                       but
                       when
                       that
                       time
                       is
                       past
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       perceive
                       the
                       Bed
                       to
                       be
                       too
                       much
                       cooled
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       renew
                       the
                       heat
                       with
                       some
                       good
                       new
                       long
                       dung
                       ,
                       or
                       fresh
                       warm
                       litter
                       applied
                       round
                       about
                       it
                       ,
                       both
                       to
                       recruit
                       the
                       heat
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       maintain
                       it
                       afterwards
                       in
                       that
                       good
                       temper
                       in
                       which
                       it
                       should
                       be
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       which
                       it
                       was
                       before
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       begun
                       to
                       sow
                       and
                       plant
                       there
                       ;
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       plants
                       instead
                       of
                       wasting
                       away
                       or
                       perishing
                       there
                       ,
                       may
                       increase
                       and
                       thrive
                       visibly
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       do
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       not
                       so
                       very
                       needful
                       to
                       tell
                       you
                       ,
                       that
                       when
                       a
                       man
                       has
                       two
                       Beds
                       next
                       one
                       another
                       ,
                       one
                       recruiting
                       of
                       heat
                       will
                       serve
                       for
                       them
                       both
                       ,
                       because
                       there
                       's
                       no
                       body
                       but
                       knows
                       it
                       ,
                       but
                       it
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       know
                       ,
                       that
                       this
                       recruiting
                       of
                       heat
                       between
                       two
                       Beds
                       ,
                       should
                       not
                       be
                       by
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       so
                       strong
                       as
                       when
                       there
                       is
                       but
                       one
                       ;
                       for
                       the
                       ordinary
                       Interval
                       or
                       space
                       left
                       between
                       two
                       Beds
                       for
                       the
                       path
                       ,
                       being
                       about
                       the
                       breadth
                       of
                       one
                       full
                       foot
                       ,
                       a
                       little
                       Dung
                       will
                       suffice
                       to
                       fill
                       it
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       new
                       heat
                       is
                       reciprocally
                       maintained
                       in
                       its
                       vigour
                       by
                       the
                       Neighbour-hood
                       of
                       the
                       two
                       Beds
                       ,
                       that
                       border
                       on
                       each
                       side
                       upon
                       it
                       ;
                       But
                       when
                       there
                       is
                       but
                       one
                       Bed
                       ,
                       our
                       addition
                       of
                       Dung
                       for
                       a
                       new
                       heat
                       ,
                       must
                       be
                       at
                       least
                       two
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       all
                       along
                       the
                       whole
                       length
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       its
                       full
                       height
                       ,
                       and
                       many
                       times
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       higher
                       than
                       that
                       .
                    
                     
                       When
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       renew
                       the
                       heat
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       always
                       necessary
                       to
                       make
                       an
                       application
                       of
                       new
                       Dung
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       many
                       times
                       sufficient
                       to
                       stir
                       that
                       the
                       bottom
                       upwards
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       last
                       applied
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       needs
                       it
                       ,
                       provided
                       it
                       be
                       not
                       too
                       much
                       rotted
                       ,
                       which
                       stirring
                       of
                       it
                       is
                       enough
                       to
                       renew
                       the
                       heat
                       for
                       eight
                       or
                       ten
                       days
                       longer
                       ;
                       and
                       there
                       is
                       no
                       need
                       of
                       applying
                       new
                       Dung
                       but
                       when
                       by
                       the
                       rotting
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       last
                       ,
                       or
                       of
                       at
                       least
                       a
                       good
                       part
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       find
                       it
                       to
                       be
                       no
                       longer
                       fit
                       to
                       yield
                       that
                       heat
                       which
                       is
                       necessary
                       for
                       those
                       plants
                       that
                       are
                       raised
                       on
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       they
                       be
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       or
                       Straw-berries
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       their
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       replanted
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         ones
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       there
                       be
                       any
                       apprehension
                       of
                       the
                       Cold
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       carefully
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Chasses
                       or
                       
                         Glased
                         Frames
                      
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       hinder
                       the
                       Frost
                       from
                       penetrating
                       even
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       spoiling
                       what
                       is
                       underneath
                       them
                       ,
                       we
                       use
                       besides
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       Screens
                       of
                       dry
                       Long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       Litter
                       ,
                       or
                       Straw
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       put
                       over
                       the
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       or
                       
                         Glased
                         Frames
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       plants
                       never
                       fail
                       to
                       produce
                       upon
                       Beds
                       thus
                       accommodated
                       and
                       maintained
                       in
                       a
                       due
                       heat
                       ,
                       by
                       such
                       recruitings
                       Renewed
                       from
                       time
                       to
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       This
                       manner
                       of
                       proceeding
                       is
                       good
                       and
                       commodious
                       enough
                       for
                       Sorrel
                       ;
                       because
                       being
                       animated
                       by
                       the
                       moderate
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       it
                       springs
                       up
                       there
                       for
                       some
                       fifteen
                       days
                       time
                       ,
                       just
                       as
                       that
                       do's
                       that
                       grows
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Ground
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       dies
                       ;
                       But
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       so
                       good
                       for
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       pull'd
                       
                       up
                       and
                       Replanted
                       ,
                       never
                       produce
                       such
                       fine
                       Shoots
                       ,
                       as
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       Dunged
                       and
                       heat
                       on
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       follows
                       then
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       best
                       method
                       for
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       and
                       even
                       for
                       Sorrel
                       too
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       take
                       up
                       for
                       about
                       two
                       foot
                       deep
                       ,
                       all
                       the
                       Earth
                       in
                       the
                       paths
                       between
                       two
                       cold
                       Beds
                       ,
                       (
                       which
                       paths
                       should
                       be
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       broad
                       )
                       and
                       fill
                       them
                       up
                       afterwards
                       with
                       Long
                       Warm
                       Dung
                       ,
                       to
                       heat
                       the
                       neighbouring
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       for
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       to
                       cover
                       the
                       whole
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       with
                       the
                       same
                       Dung
                       ,
                       to
                       help
                       to
                       warm
                       the
                       Earth
                       ;
                       And
                       when
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       begin
                       to
                       sprout
                       ,
                       we
                       put
                       Bells
                       upon
                       each
                       plant
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       cover
                       the
                       whole
                       Bed
                       with
                       
                         Glased
                         Frames
                      
                       ;
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       the
                       heat
                       of
                       these
                       paths
                       must
                       be
                       renewed
                       by
                       stirring
                       them
                       the
                       bottom
                       upwards
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       renewing
                       from
                       time
                       to
                       time
                       an
                       application
                       of
                       fresh
                       Dung
                       ,
                       covering
                       besides
                       the
                       Bells
                       or
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       with
                       dry
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       Screens
                       of
                       Straw
                       ,
                       or
                       such
                       like
                       matter
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       reasons
                       above
                       expressed
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       were
                       treating
                       of
                       Asparagus
                       and
                       Sorrel
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                       The
                       Asparagus
                       plants
                       being
                       thus
                       warmed
                       ,
                       and
                       feeling
                       under
                       those
                       Bells
                       or
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       an
                       Air
                       as
                       comfortable
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       April
                       or
                       May
                       ,
                       they
                       produce
                       shoots
                       that
                       are
                       Red
                       at
                       first
                       comming
                       up
                       ,
                       but
                       which
                       afterward
                       turn
                       green
                       and
                       long
                       ,
                       like
                       those
                       that
                       Nature
                       it self
                       produces
                       in
                       warm
                       and
                       temperate
                       seasons
                       .
                       The
                       only
                       inconvenience
                       of
                       these
                       Artificial
                       heatings
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       because
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       very
                       violent
                       to
                       penetrate
                       a
                       Cold
                       Earth
                       ,
                       they
                       dry
                       up
                       and
                       spoil
                       those
                       plants
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       such
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       instead
                       of
                       continuing
                       for
                       fifteen
                       years
                       together
                       ,
                       to
                       bear
                       well
                       as
                       otherwise
                       they
                       do
                       ,
                       never
                       spring
                       kindly
                       afterward
                       ,
                       and
                       though
                       they
                       be
                       let
                       alone
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       years
                       after
                       a
                       first
                       heating
                       ,
                       yet
                       at
                       most
                       ,
                       are
                       able
                       to
                       endure
                       but
                       one
                       more
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Straw-berries
                       which
                       are
                       forced
                       on
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       begin
                       to
                       put
                       out
                       their
                       shoots
                       in
                       January
                       ,
                       and
                       Flower
                       in
                       February
                       and
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       yield
                       their
                       Fruit
                       in
                       April
                       and
                       May.
                       The
                       best
                       method
                       of
                       raising
                       them
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       pot
                       them
                       in
                       September
                       ,
                       in
                       a
                       tolerable
                       good
                       and
                       light
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       to
                       plant
                       them
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       in
                       December
                       ;
                       they
                       may
                       also
                       be
                       planted
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       without
                       potting
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ;
                       their
                       runners
                       and
                       some
                       of
                       their
                       leaves
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       off
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       have
                       too
                       many
                       ;
                       the
                       Earth
                       in
                       their
                       Pots
                       must
                       be
                       kept
                       always
                       loose
                       and
                       a
                       little
                       moist
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       there
                       happen
                       any
                       excessive
                       heats
                       in
                       some
                       days
                       of
                       March
                       and
                       April
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       have
                       a
                       little
                       Air
                       given
                       them
                       towards
                       the
                       North
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       covered
                       a
                       Nights
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       have
                       little
                       Sallets
                       of
                       Lettuce
                       to
                       cut
                       ,
                       mixed
                       with
                       
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       with
                       the
                       furnitures
                       of
                       
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Taragon
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       and
                       to
                       have
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       &c.
                       we
                       make
                       such
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       directed
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       steep
                       in
                       water
                       about
                       twenty
                       four
                       hours
                       ,
                       a
                       little
                       bagg
                       of
                       Lettuce
                       Seed
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       it
                       out
                       ,
                       and
                       hang
                       it
                       in
                       a
                       chimny
                       corner
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       some
                       other
                       place
                       where
                       the
                       Frost
                       can't
                       reach
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Seed
                       so
                       wetted
                       ,
                       drains
                       it self
                       from
                       the
                       water
                       ,
                       and
                       heats
                       to
                       such
                       a
                       measure
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       sprouts
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       made
                       upon
                       our
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       some
                       little
                       furrows
                       of
                       about
                       two
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       about
                       as
                       broad
                       ,
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       stick
                       that
                       we
                       draw
                       hard
                       over
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       that
                       sprouted
                       Seed
                       in
                       those
                       furrows
                       ,
                       so
                       thick
                       that
                       it
                       covers
                       all
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       the
                       furrows
                       ;
                       There
                       must
                       be
                       a
                       *
                       
                         French
                         Bushel
                      
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       Bed
                       of
                       fourteen
                       Toises
                       or
                       Fathoms
                       long
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       four
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       sown
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       mold
                       cast
                       upon
                       it
                       lightly
                       with
                       the
                       hand
                       ;
                       and
                       each
                       cast
                       of
                       the
                       hand
                       dextrously
                       performed
                       ,
                       should
                       cover
                       a
                       furrow
                       as
                       much
                       as
                       it
                       needs
                       ,
                       which
                       done
                       ,
                       we
                       put
                       some
                       Bells
                       or
                       long
                       Rice
                       Straw
                       over
                       them
                       to
                       hinder
                       the
                       Birds
                       from
                       Eating
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       heat
                       from
                       evapourating
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       Frost
                       by
                       chilling
                       it
                       ,
                       from
                       destroying
                       the
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       away
                       the
                       Straw
                       when
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       days
                       ,
                       the
                       Seed
                       begins
                       to
                       spring
                       well
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       length
                       ,
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       days
                       after
                       it
                       is
                       commonly
                       high
                       enough
                       to
                       be
                       cut
                       with
                       a
                       Knife
                       ,
                       and
                       eaten
                       in
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       understood
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       Ice
                       and
                       Snow
                       ,
                       and
                       even
                       the
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       be
                       not
                       too
                       excessive
                       .
                       We
                       take
                       the
                       same
                       course
                       with
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       and
                       Cresses
                       ,
                       save
                       only
                       that
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       without
                       steeping
                       their
                       Seeds
                       .
                    
                     
                       As
                       for
                       
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Taragon
                         ,
                         Cives
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       planted
                       on
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       on
                       the
                       Cold
                       one
                       .
                    
                     
                       As
                       for
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       we
                       seldom
                       steep
                       them
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       sprout
                       ,
                       the
                       skins
                       of
                       their
                       Seeds
                       being
                       so
                       tender
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       less
                       than
                       a
                       days
                       time
                       ,
                       they
                       would
                       be
                       melted
                       all
                       to
                       a
                       Pap.
                       
                    
                     
                       I
                       have
                       directed
                       how
                       to
                       sow
                       Roaishes
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Works
                       of
                       November
                       ,
                       where
                       we
                       treat
                       of
                       preparing
                       the
                       provisions
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       from
                       our
                       Gardens
                       in
                       
                         January
                         ,
                         February
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       or
                       even
                       in
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       December
                       ,
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       of
                       Parsley
                       to
                       supply
                       us
                       with
                       fresh
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       time
                       to
                       serve
                       us
                       till
                       that
                       we
                       should
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       be
                       grown
                       to
                       its
                       perfection
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       To
                       lay
                       the
                       branches
                       or
                       slips
                       of
                       
                         Vines
                         ,
                         Fig-Trees
                         ,
                         Goose-berry
                      
                       and
                       
                         Curran
                         Bushes
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       Root
                       ,
                       we
                       need
                       only
                       Couch
                       ,
                       or
                       lay
                       down
                       their
                       branches
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       and
                       cover
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       with
                       Earth
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       height
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       Inches
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       to
                       remain
                       in
                       that
                       condition
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       month
                       of
                       November
                       following
                       ,
                       when
                       having
                       taken
                       Root
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       them
                       up
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       separate
                       them
                       from
                       the
                       Tree
                       ,
                       and
                       plant
                       them
                       where
                       we
                       have
                       occasion
                       for
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       Circumpose
                       Trees
                       by
                       planting
                       them
                       in
                       
                         Baskets
                         ,
                         Pots
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Boxes
                       ,
                       or
                       Cases
                       ,
                       we
                       first
                       fill
                       half
                       way
                       with
                       Earth
                       those
                       
                         Baskets
                         ,
                         Pots
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Boxes
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       having
                       pruned
                       and
                       trim'd
                       the
                       Trees
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       directed
                       in
                       the
                       Treatise
                       of
                       Plantations
                       ,
                       we
                       Plant
                       them
                       ,
                       plunging
                       the
                       Baskets
                       and
                       Pots
                       quite
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       but
                       leaving
                       the
                       Boxes
                       or
                       Cases
                       above
                       Ground
                       :
                    
                     
                       The
                       way
                       of
                       potting
                       the
                       Bulbous
                       Roots
                       of
                       
                         Tubereuses
                         ,
                         Juncquills
                      
                       ,
                       Narcissus's
                       of
                       
                         Constantinople
                         ,
                         Jacynths
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       is
                       first
                       to
                       put
                       them
                       into
                       Pots
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       to
                       plunge
                       those
                       Pots
                       into
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       covering
                       the
                       Beds
                       carefully
                       with
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                         ,
                         Bells
                         ,
                         Straw
                         Screens
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       To
                       warm
                       or
                       force
                       Fig-Trees
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       some
                       in
                       Boxes
                       or
                       Cases
                       ,
                       and
                       make
                       for
                       them
                       in
                       January
                       ,
                       a
                       
                         Deaf
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       (
                       being
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       made
                       in
                       a
                       hollow
                       dug
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       raised
                       only
                       even
                       with
                       its
                       surface
                       )
                       and
                       place
                       the
                       Boxes
                       upon
                       it
                       .
                       Then
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       some
                       square
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       about
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       foot
                       high
                       ,
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       fitted
                       purposely
                       to
                       be
                       applied
                       against
                       a
                       Wall
                       exposed
                       to
                       a
                       
                         Southern
                         Aspect
                      
                       :
                       And
                       so
                       the
                       Dung
                       in
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       fermenting
                       into
                       a
                       heat
                       ,
                       warms
                       the
                       Earth
                       in
                       the
                       Box
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       consequence
                       ,
                       makes
                       the
                       Fig-Tree
                       sprout
                       ;
                       That
                       Bed
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       put
                       into
                       a
                       new
                       ferment
                       when
                       there
                       is
                       occasion
                       ,
                       and
                       great
                       care
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       cover
                       those
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       close
                       ,
                       that
                       no
                       Cold
                       may
                       get
                       within
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       During
                       the
                       whole
                       Month
                       of
                       January
                       we
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       under
                       
                         Bells
                         ,
                         Lettuces
                      
                       to
                       be
                       Replanted
                       again
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       directed
                       in
                       the
                       Works
                       of
                       December
                       ;
                       as
                       also
                       to
                       Replant
                       them
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       serve
                       for
                       the
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       they
                       are
                       designed
                       for
                       ,
                       and
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       Seeds
                       when
                       sown
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       let
                       alone
                       covering
                       them
                       with
                       mold
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       please
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       enough
                       to
                       pat
                       with
                       the
                       flat
                       of
                       our
                       hands
                       upon
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       to
                       press
                       the
                       mold
                       close
                       about
                       them
                       ;
                       we
                       use
                       the
                       same
                       method
                       with
                       Purslain
                       sown
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       for
                       we
                       can
                       hardly
                       throw
                       so
                       little
                       mold
                       upon
                       those
                       Seeds
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       shall
                       through
                       too
                       much
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       have
                       some
                       fine
                       little
                       Lettuces
                       for
                       Salleting
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       sow
                       under
                       Bells
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Bright
                         curled
                      
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       sow
                       it
                       thin
                       ,
                       and
                       stay
                       till
                       it
                       has
                       shot
                       forth
                       two
                       leaves
                       before
                       we
                       gather
                       it
                       .
                       The
                       Seeds
                       of
                       these
                       Lettuces
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       thin
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Plants
                       may
                       grow
                       tall
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       we
                       see
                       them
                       come
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       thin
                       them
                       ;
                       the
                       choisest
                       sorts
                       of
                       Lettuce
                       for
                       the
                       Spring
                       season
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       
                         Curled
                         Fair
                      
                       or
                       
                         Bright
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       after
                       that
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Royal
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Short
                         Lnttuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       above
                       all
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       to
                       Replant
                       again
                       ,
                       
                         Borage
                         ,
                         Bugloss
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Arach
                       ,
                       or
                       Orage
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       right
                       method
                       of
                       making
                       Trenches
                       ,
                       and
                       diging
                       of
                       molds
                       ,
                       is
                       not
                       as
                       was
                       heretofore
                       practised
                       ,
                       first
                       ,
                       to
                       throw
                       out
                       of
                       those
                       Trenches
                       all
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       to
                       throw
                       it
                       in
                       again
                       ;
                       for
                       that
                       was
                       unprofitably
                       to
                       handle
                       the
                       same
                       Earth
                       twice
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       to
                       lose
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       spend
                       money
                       to
                       no
                       purpose
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       best
                       way
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       then
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       make
                       at
                       first
                       a
                       Gage
                       full
                       as
                       broad
                       as
                       the
                       Trench
                       and
                       of
                       the
                       length
                       of
                       a
                       Toise
                       or
                       Fathom
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       throw
                       up
                       upon
                       the
                       bordering
                       Alley
                       ,
                       all
                       the
                       Earth
                       that
                       is
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       that
                       Gage
                       ,
                       which
                       will
                       be
                       all
                       the
                       Earth
                       we
                       shall
                       need
                       handle
                       twice
                       ,
                       because
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Trench
                       there
                       will
                       remain
                       one
                       Gage
                       ,
                       empty
                       ,
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       filled
                       up
                       with
                       the
                       Earth
                       that
                       came
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       first
                       Gage
                       is
                       made
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       fill
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       the
                       Earth
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       dug
                       up
                       to
                       make
                       the
                       next
                       ,
                       throwing
                       that
                       part
                       of
                       it
                       into
                       the
                       bottom
                       which
                       was
                       at
                       the
                       Superficies
                       ,
                       and
                       making
                       a
                       new
                       Superficies
                       of
                       that
                       which
                       was
                       at
                       the
                       bottom
                       ;
                       This
                       kind
                       of
                       moving
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       makes
                       a
                       natural
                       Slope
                       before
                       the
                       Workman
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       case
                       the
                       Soil
                       must
                       be
                       Dunged
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       Dung
                       ready
                       placed
                       all
                       along
                       the
                       side
                       of
                       the
                       Trench
                       ,
                       and
                       whilst
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       men
                       are
                       at
                       Work
                       in
                       turning
                       up
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       throwing
                       it
                       before
                       them
                       ,
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       one
                       at
                       the
                       side
                       of
                       the
                       Trench
                       ,
                       to
                       scatter
                       Dung
                       upon
                       that
                       Slope
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       the
                       mold
                       is
                       well
                       mixed
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       at
                       all
                       trampled
                       on
                       ,
                       as
                       it
                       is
                       by
                       common
                       Gard'ners
                       ,
                       that
                       first
                       lay
                       a
                       layer
                       of
                       Dung
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       a
                       layer
                       of
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       dig
                       the
                       whole
                       over
                       again
                       ,
                       continuing
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       laying
                       of
                       layers
                       of
                       Dung
                       and
                       mold
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       turn
                       up
                       one
                       over
                       another
                       ,
                       till
                       their
                       Trench
                       be
                       quite
                       filled
                       up
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       to
                       remain
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       IN
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       continue
                       the
                       same
                       works
                       we
                       were
                       doing
                       in
                       the
                       last
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       had
                       the
                       foresight
                       and
                       convenience
                       to
                       begin
                       them
                       then
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       at
                       least
                       we
                       set
                       upon
                       beginning
                       them
                       now
                       in
                       earnest
                       .
                    
                     
                       Therefore
                       we
                       set
                       to
                       manuring
                       the
                       Ground
                       if
                       the
                       Frost
                       permits
                       us
                       ,
                       and
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       or
                       rather
                       to
                       wards
                       Mid-March
                       ,
                       or
                       later
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       towards
                       Mid-April
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Ground
                       those
                       things
                       that
                       are
                       long
                       a
                       rearing
                       ;
                       as
                       for
                       Example
                       ,
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Roots
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Carrots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                         ,
                         Chervils
                      
                       or
                       
                         Skirrets
                         ,
                         Beet-Raves
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red-Beet-Roots
                         ,
                         Scorzoneres
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       above
                       all
                       ,
                       Parsly-Roots
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       now
                       also
                       
                         Onions
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Ciboules
                         ,
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Hasting
                         Peas
                         ,
                         Garden
                      
                       or
                       
                         Marsh-Beans
                         ,
                         Wild
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Succory
                       ,
                       and
                       Burnet
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       we
                       have
                       any
                       Shell-Lettuces
                       that
                       were
                       sown
                       in
                       Autumn
                       last
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ,
                       we
                       now
                       replant
                       them
                       on
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       Cabbage
                       betimes
                       .
                       And
                       particularly
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       replant
                       on
                       them
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Curld
                         Bright
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       sowed
                       last
                       Month
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       turn
                       to
                       better
                       account
                       than
                       the
                       others
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       green
                       Purslain
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       or
                       Golden
                       sort
                       being
                       too
                       delicate
                       and
                       tender
                       to
                       be
                       sown
                       before
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       Cowcumbers
                       and
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       any
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       upon
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       place
                       well
                       sheltered
                       ,
                       either
                       by
                       Walls
                       ,
                       Straw
                       or
                       Reed
                       Hedges
                       ,
                       or
                       some
                       other
                       Invention
                       to
                       keep
                       off
                       the
                       Wind.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       our
                       
                         Annual
                         Flowers
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       replant
                       them
                       again
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       our
                       first
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       if
                       as
                       we
                       should
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       not
                       a
                       provision
                       of
                       some
                       in
                       a
                       Nursery
                       under
                       some
                       good
                       shelter
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       should
                       have
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       replanted
                       in
                       October
                       in
                       the
                       Nursery
                       ;
                       we
                       replant
                       these
                       latter
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       they
                       are
                       designed
                       for
                       ,
                       taking
                       care
                       not
                       to
                       replant
                       any
                       that
                       begins
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       Graft
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Trees
                       in
                       the
                       Cleft
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       prune
                       and
                       plant
                       them
                       ;
                       we
                       plant
                       also
                       Vines
                       ,
                       and
                       about
                       Mid-February
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       weather
                       be
                       any
                       thing
                       fair
                       ,
                       is
                       the
                       proper
                       time
                       to
                       begin
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Works
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       only
                       make
                       now
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       occasion
                       to
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       for
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       little
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       raise
                       those
                       things
                       which
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       replant
                       again
                       in
                       the
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       maintain
                       the
                       necessary
                       heat
                       about
                       our
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       gather
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       good
                       .
                    
                     
                       As
                       also
                       to
                       maintain
                       the
                       Heat
                       in
                       the
                       
                         hot
                         Strawberry
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       unnail
                       our
                       Wall-trees
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       prune
                       them
                       the
                       more
                       commodiously
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       nail
                       them
                       up
                       anew
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       what
                       time
                       soever
                       Radishes
                       are
                       gathered
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       tied
                       up
                       in
                       Bunches
                       ,
                       and
                       put
                       to
                       steep
                       in
                       Water
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       they
                       will
                       wither
                       ,
                       and
                       retain
                       too
                       biting
                       a
                       taste
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       continue
                       to
                       plant
                       Trees
                       when
                       the
                       Weather
                       and
                       the
                       Soil
                       will
                       permit
                       us
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       AT
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       it
                       appears
                       who
                       are
                       the
                       Gard'ners
                       that
                       have
                       been
                       idle
                       ,
                       by
                       their
                       not
                       furnishing
                       us
                       with
                       any
                       thing
                       which
                       the
                       diligent
                       and
                       skilful
                       ones
                       supply
                       us
                       with
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       their
                       having
                       neglected
                       to
                       sow
                       their
                       Grounds
                       which
                       lie
                       for
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       as
                       yet
                       unsown
                       ,
                       though
                       the
                       weather
                       has
                       been
                       favourable
                       for
                       it
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       now
                       no
                       more
                       time
                       to
                       be
                       lost
                       in
                       delaying
                       the
                       sowing
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       Seeds
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       spoken
                       in
                       the
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       .
                       Good
                       Gard'ners
                       ought
                       to
                       cover
                       with
                       Mold
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       which
                       they
                       have
                       sown
                       with
                       their
                       designed
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       for
                       fear
                       the
                       waterings
                       and
                       great
                       Rains
                       should
                       beat
                       down
                       the
                       Earth
                       too
                       much
                       ,
                       and
                       render
                       its
                       Superficies
                       too
                       hard
                       for
                       the
                       Seeds
                       to
                       pierce
                       and
                       shoot
                       through
                       ;
                       they
                       should
                       also
                       bank
                       up
                       their
                       cold
                       Beds
                       tightly
                       with
                       a
                       rake
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       the
                       Rain
                       water
                       ,
                       or
                       that
                       of
                       their
                       waterings
                       may
                       keep
                       in
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       run
                       out
                       of
                       them
                       into
                       the
                       Paths
                       ;
                       and
                       in
                       fine
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       have
                       never
                       so
                       little
                       of
                       the
                       Spirit
                       of
                       Neatness
                       in
                       them
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       not
                       fail
                       to
                       take
                       away
                       all
                       the
                       Stones
                       the
                       Rake
                       meets
                       with
                       in
                       its
                       way
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       The
                       way
                       to
                       cover
                       well
                       all
                       these
                       Seeds
                       with
                       Earth
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       harrow
                       or
                       rake
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       move
                       it
                       extreamly
                       to
                       and
                       fro
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       commonly
                       done
                       with
                       an
                       Iron
                       Rake
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       Mid-March
                       at
                       furthest
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       the
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       in
                       which
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       replant
                       the
                       earliest
                       
                         Musk
                         melons
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ,
                       all
                       those
                       things
                       which
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       plant
                       again
                       in
                       the
                       like
                       ;
                       as
                       for
                       Example
                       ,
                       both
                       our
                       Spring
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       which
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       replant
                       again
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       viz.
                       the
                       
                         Curl'd
                         Bright
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Royal
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Bellegarde
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Perpignan
                         Lettuce
                      
                       which
                       is
                       greenish
                       ,
                       the
                       Alfange
                       ,
                       the
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       
                         Green
                         ,
                         Red
                      
                       and
                       
                         Bright
                         Genua
                         Lettuces
                      
                       are
                       near
                       two
                       Months
                       on
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       before
                       they
                       grow
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       be
                       replanted
                       .
                       And
                       we
                       also
                       sow
                       Cabbages
                       for
                       the
                       latter
                       Season
                       ,
                       and
                       Collyflowers
                       to
                       plant
                       them
                       in
                       their
                       proper
                       places
                       ,
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       come
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       out
                       some
                       ,
                       and
                       replant
                       them
                       in
                       a
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       grow
                       bigger
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Radishes
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       among
                       all
                       the
                       other
                       Seeds
                       we
                       are
                       sowing
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       do
                       no
                       harm
                       there
                       ,
                       but
                       are
                       fit
                       to
                       be
                       gathered
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       before
                       either
                       the
                       
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Parsly
                         ,
                         Ciboule
                         ,
                         &c.
                      
                       be
                       grown
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       suffer
                       any
                       incommodity
                       by
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Arrach
                       ,
                       or
                       Orage
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       Mid-March
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       Citruls
                       or
                       Pompions
                       upon
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       Commonly
                       there
                       is
                       nothing
                       fit
                       to
                       be
                       replanted
                       in
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       at
                       their
                       coming
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       hot
                       ones
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       be
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Earth
                       must
                       be
                       a
                       little
                       warmed
                       before
                       we
                       remove
                       any
                       thing
                       into
                       it
                       out
                       of
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       the
                       Plants
                       were
                       still
                       cherished
                       with
                       some
                       remaining
                       heat
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       they
                       will
                       all
                       come
                       to
                       nothing
                       there
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       pruning
                       and
                       planting
                       during
                       the
                       course
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       of
                       all
                       Garden-Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       also
                       of
                       
                         Gooseberry
                         ,
                         Curran
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Raspberry
                         shrubs
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       It
                       is
                       very
                       convenient
                       to
                       delay
                       the
                       pruning
                       of
                       vigorous
                       Trees
                       till
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       sprout
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       let
                       them
                       spend
                       their
                       first
                       Strength
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       losing
                       any
                       of
                       their
                       Fruit
                       Buds
                       which
                       we
                       cannot
                       till
                       then
                       discern
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       come
                       to
                       their
                       perfection
                       in
                       the
                       Spring-Season
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       take
                       up
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       with
                       Mold
                       and
                       all
                       ,
                       the
                       plantation
                       of
                       Strawberrys
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       had
                       in
                       the
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       to
                       form
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       and
                       Squares
                       of
                       them
                       to
                       remain
                       and
                       to
                       refurnish
                       those
                       where
                       there
                       want
                       any
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       some
                       seed
                       of
                       piercepier
                       or
                       
                         Garden
                         Sampire
                      
                       in
                       some
                       tub
                       of
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Ground
                       some
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ;
                       it
                       requires
                       commonly
                       two
                       Months
                       to
                       come
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       we
                       replant
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       we
                       let
                       it
                       grow
                       till
                       the
                       next
                       year
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       replant
                       it
                       at
                       the
                       foot
                       of
                       some
                       Wall.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       a
                       third
                       time
                       a
                       few
                       more
                       Peas
                       ,
                       for
                       we
                       should
                       be
                       sure
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       every
                       Month
                       of
                       the
                       Year
                       ,
                       and
                       these
                       now
                       sown
                       must
                       be
                       of
                       the
                       great
                       square
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       now
                       have
                       some
                       Mushrooms
                       either
                       upon
                       some
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       made
                       purposely
                       for
                       them
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       some
                       other
                       places
                       well
                       dunged
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       some
                       little
                       quantity
                       of
                       Endive
                       very
                       thin
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       whited
                       about
                       Mid-summer
                       .
                    
                     
                       When
                       we
                       know
                       that
                       the
                       Paths
                       between
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Asparagus
                       Banks
                       ,
                       have
                       been
                       stuffed
                       with
                       very
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       there
                       seems
                       not
                       to
                       be
                       heat
                       enough
                       in
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       very
                       hot
                       weather
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       reasonably
                       well
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       the
                       Straw
                       in
                       them
                       being
                       wetted
                       ,
                       may
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       ferment
                       into
                       a
                       heat
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       Cellery
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       late
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       
                         September
                         .
                         Cellery
                      
                       is
                       commonly
                       almost
                       a
                       Month
                       a
                       coming
                       up
                       ;
                       and
                       we
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       of
                       it
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       on
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       early
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       digg
                       about
                       the
                       Roots
                       of
                       Fruit-Trees
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       finisht
                       that
                       work
                       before
                       they
                       blossom
                       ;
                       the
                       Frost
                       being
                       more
                       dangerous
                       in
                       Soils
                       newly
                       moved
                       and
                       turned
                       up
                       than
                       in
                       others
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       now
                       to
                       uncover
                       a
                       little
                       our
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       but
                       seldom
                       begin
                       to
                       manure
                       them
                       till
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       of
                       March
                       be
                       past
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       generally
                       very
                       dangerous
                       both
                       to
                       them
                       and
                       to
                       the
                       Figg-trees
                       ,
                       which
                       last
                       must
                       not
                       yet
                       be
                       quite
                       uncover'd
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       enough
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       half
                       way
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       we
                       take
                       off
                       all
                       their
                       dead
                       Wood
                       and
                       Branches
                       ,
                       whether
                       killed
                       by
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       any
                       other
                       means
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       March
                       or
                       before
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       weather
                       be
                       mild
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       Red
                       or
                       
                         Golden
                         Purslain
                      
                       upon
                       
                         hot
                         beds
                      
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       and
                       continue
                       still
                       to
                       sow
                       of
                       the
                       Green
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       in
                       their
                       sixt
                       places
                       common
                       Cabbages
                       and
                       
                         Milan
                         Cabbages
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       should
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       have
                       ready
                       in
                       our
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       November
                       last
                       past
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       replant
                       none
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       begin
                       to
                       mount
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       run
                       up
                       their
                       stalks
                       ,
                       as
                       if
                       they
                       were
                       going
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       upon
                       some
                       end
                       of
                       a
                       
                         cold
                         bed
                      
                       in
                       plain
                       Earth
                       ,
                       some
                       Asparagus
                       Seed
                       for
                       a
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       to
                       furnish
                       us
                       with
                       a
                       Provision
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       sown
                       like
                       other
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       plant
                       the
                       
                         Asparagus
                         Squares
                      
                       we
                       have
                       occasion
                       for
                       ,
                       to
                       which
                       purpose
                       we
                       make
                       choice
                       of
                       a
                       fine
                       Plantation
                       of
                       one
                       years
                       growth
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       of
                       one
                       of
                       two
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       way
                       to
                       plant
                       Asparagus
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       place
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Plants
                       of
                       them
                       together
                       ,
                       and
                       neatly
                       to
                       spread
                       out
                       their
                       Roots
                       without
                       cutting
                       them
                       but
                       very
                       little
                       ,
                       unless
                       we
                       please
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       a
                       layer
                       of
                       Earth
                       of
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       thick
                       ,
                       to
                       plant
                       these
                       Tufts
                       Checquer-wise
                       ,
                       at
                       a
                       foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       's
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                    
                     
                       This
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       should
                       generally
                       be
                       full
                       four
                       Foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       that
                       there
                       may
                       be
                       room
                       enough
                       for
                       three
                       ranks
                       of
                       them
                       .
                       But
                       if
                       we
                       design
                       to
                       force
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       by
                       heat
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       make
                       the
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       but
                       three
                       Foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       must
                       observe
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       Ground
                       be
                       dry
                       ,
                       to
                       lay
                       the
                       Bed
                       hollow
                       within
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       with
                       a
                       good
                       Spade
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       raise
                       the
                       Paths
                       Arch-wise
                       ,
                       making
                       use
                       of
                       the
                       Soil
                       that
                       comes
                       out
                       of
                       it
                       to
                       cover
                       again
                       by
                       little
                       and
                       little
                       ,
                       and
                       year
                       by
                       year
                       ,
                       the
                       Plantation
                       as
                       it
                       grows
                       stronger
                       ,
                       and
                       rises
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                       But
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       a
                       moist
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       very
                       cool
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       better
                       not
                       to
                       make
                       the
                       Bed
                       so
                       low
                       nor
                       hollow
                       ,
                       but
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       to
                       keep
                       it
                       a
                       little
                       higher
                       than
                       the
                       paths
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Winter
                       waters
                       may
                       descend
                       out
                       of
                       it
                       into
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       may
                       not
                       rot
                       the
                       Plants
                       ,
                       to
                       which
                       nothing
                       is
                       more
                       dangerous
                       than
                       too
                       much
                       wet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Asparagus
                       both
                       old
                       and
                       young
                       must
                       be
                       carefully
                       howed
                       ,
                       or
                       cleared
                       of
                       Weeds
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       before
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       appear
                       above
                       Ground
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       afford
                       them
                       a
                       little
                       manuring
                       ,
                       by
                       turning
                       up
                       the
                       Earth
                       to
                       the
                       depth
                       of
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       give
                       the
                       young
                       Asparagus
                       the
                       more
                       Liberty
                       to
                       shoot
                       up
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Radishes
                       that
                       are
                       sown
                       on
                       hot
                       Beds
                       with
                       a
                       cast
                       of
                       the
                       Hand
                       ,
                       are
                       generally
                       not
                       so
                       fair
                       nor
                       so
                       good
                       as
                       those
                       sowed
                       in
                       holes
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       more
                       apt
                       to
                       grow
                       hollow
                       and
                       stringy
                       than
                       they
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       make
                       some
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       for
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       be
                       still
                       supplied
                       with
                       them
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       when
                       those
                       sown
                       in
                       plain
                       Ground
                       come
                       in
                       .
                       All
                       the
                       other
                       Months
                       in
                       the
                       Year
                       will
                       produce
                       us
                       enough
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       will
                       take
                       the
                       pains
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       from
                       time
                       to
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       be
                       careful
                       liberally
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       it
                       will
                       be
                       time
                       to
                       replant
                       what
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       should
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       
                         viz.
                         Leeks
                      
                       and
                       Onions
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       the
                       white
                       sort
                       ,
                       Cloves
                       of
                       
                         Garlick
                         Cloves
                      
                       and
                       Seeds
                       of
                       Shalots
                       ,
                       white
                       
                         Cabbage
                         ,
                         Pancaliers
                         Cabbage
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       Now
                       likewise
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       such
                       Lettuces
                       as
                       should
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       and
                       yet
                       do
                       not
                       ,
                       which
                       tying
                       makes
                       them
                       in
                       a
                       manner
                       Cabbage
                       by
                       force
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       the
                       Seed
                       of
                       Pannacht
                       or
                       striped
                       Gilliflowers
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       them
                       in
                       May
                       ;
                       we
                       also
                       sow
                       the
                       
                         Annual
                         Flowers
                      
                       upon
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Passe
                         velours
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Velvet
                         Flowers
                      
                       ,
                       called
                       also
                       
                         Flower
                         gentles
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Amaranthus
                         ,
                         Indian
                         Ocellus
                      
                       or
                       
                         French
                         Marygolds
                         ,
                         Indian
                         Roses
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Belles
                         de
                         Nuit
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       Planting
                       Trees
                       both
                       in
                       their
                       fixed
                       places
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       Baskets
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       bestow
                       the
                       first
                       manuring
                       upon
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       render
                       them
                       agreeable
                       to
                       the
                       sight
                       ,
                       during
                       the
                       
                         Easter
                         Holy-Days
                      
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       dispose
                       the
                       Ground
                       for
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Plants
                       and
                       Seeds
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       set
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       Almonds
                       that
                       have
                       sprouted
                       breaking
                       off
                       the
                       sprout
                       before
                       we
                       plant
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       
                         Flower
                         Plots
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Parterres
                       ,
                       some
                       Seeds
                       of
                       Poppy
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       
                         Larks
                         Heels
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       will
                       flower
                       after
                       them
                       that
                       were
                       sown
                       in
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       plant
                       
                         Oculus
                         Christi
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       twentieth
                       day
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       some
                       
                         Capucin
                         Capers
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Nasturces
                       ,
                       to
                       Replant
                       them
                       again
                       a
                       Month
                       after
                       in
                       some
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       the
                       foot
                       of
                       some
                       Tree
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       THere
                       is
                       no
                       Month
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       wherein
                       there
                       is
                       more
                       work
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       Gardens
                       than
                       in
                       this
                       ,
                       for
                       now
                       the
                       Earth
                       begins
                       to
                       be
                       very
                       fit
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       to
                       be
                       manured
                       ,
                       but
                       to
                       receive
                       whatsoever
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       to
                       plant
                       or
                       sow
                       in
                       it
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Lettuce
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Cabbage
                         ,
                         
                         Borage
                         ,
                         Bugloss
                         .
                         Artichokes
                         ,
                         Tarragon
                         ,
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Violets
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       Before
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       as
                       yet
                       too
                       cold
                       ,
                       and
                       after
                       April
                       ,
                       it
                       begins
                       to
                       be
                       too
                       dry
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       furnish
                       those
                       places
                       where
                       any
                       new
                       planted
                       Trees
                       give
                       but
                       little
                       marks
                       of
                       their
                       prospering
                       ,
                       whether
                       it
                       be
                       by
                       Gum
                       ,
                       in
                       stone
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       pitiful
                       small
                       shoots
                       in
                       all
                       manner
                       of
                       Fruit-Trees
                       .
                       But
                       for
                       this
                       important
                       Reparation
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       brought
                       up
                       ready
                       to
                       our
                       hands
                       ,
                       some
                       Trees
                       in
                       Baskets
                       ,
                       which
                       an
                       understanding
                       curious
                       Person
                       will
                       never
                       fail
                       to
                       have
                       made
                       provision
                       of
                       ,
                       who
                       will
                       have
                       the
                       pleasure
                       to
                       plant
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       near
                       those
                       that
                       thrive
                       not
                       so
                       well
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       do
                       ,
                       when
                       he
                       is
                       not
                       well
                       assured
                       they
                       will
                       absolutely
                       die
                       ;
                       for
                       when
                       we
                       are
                       sure
                       of
                       that
                       ,
                       we
                       pluck
                       them
                       up
                       quite
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       room
                       for
                       them
                       we
                       should
                       substitute
                       in
                       their
                       place
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       purpose
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       choice
                       of
                       close
                       and
                       rainy
                       weather
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       perform
                       now
                       our
                       second
                       pruning
                       of
                       the
                       Branches
                       of
                       Peach-Trees
                       ,
                       I
                       mean
                       only
                       the
                       Fruit
                       Branches
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       cut
                       them
                       off
                       short
                       to
                       that
                       part
                       just
                       above
                       where
                       there
                       is
                       Fruit
                       Knit
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       any
                       of
                       those
                       Peach-Trees
                       ,
                       have
                       produced
                       any
                       very
                       thick
                       shoots
                       upon
                       high
                       Branches
                       ,
                       as
                       sometimes
                       it
                       happens
                       after
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       we
                       pinch
                       them
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       multiply
                       into
                       Fruit
                       Branches
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       low
                       ,
                       when
                       there
                       is
                       occasion
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       not
                       run
                       up
                       too
                       high
                       before
                       their
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       Peas
                       sown
                       in
                       a
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       should
                       begin
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       to
                       put
                       forth
                       at
                       least
                       their
                       first
                       Blossoms
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       must
                       be
                       pinch'd
                       ;
                       the
                       Blossom
                       springs
                       out
                       commonly
                       in
                       Peas
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       the
                       fifth
                       or
                       sixth
                       Leaf
                       ,
                       from
                       which
                       same
                       place
                       ,
                       there
                       springs
                       an
                       Arm
                       or
                       Branch
                       that
                       grows
                       exceeding
                       long
                       ,
                       and
                       produces
                       at
                       each
                       Leaf
                       ,
                       a
                       couple
                       of
                       Blossoms
                       like
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       the
                       more
                       to
                       fortify
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       we
                       cut
                       off
                       that
                       new
                       Arm
                       or
                       shoot
                       ,
                       just
                       above
                       the
                       second
                       flower
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       trim
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       to
                       new
                       heat
                       our
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       make
                       new
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       sow
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       to
                       replant
                       that
                       may
                       ripen
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Summer
                       ,
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       make
                       some
                       hot
                       
                         Mushroom
                         Beds
                      
                       in
                       new
                       Ground
                       ,
                       the
                       manner
                       of
                       doing
                       which
                       ,
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       described
                       elsewhere
                       .
                    
                     
                       'T
                       is
                       the
                       Moon
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       vulgarly
                       call
                       the
                       
                         Ruddy
                         Moon
                      
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       very
                       subject
                       to
                       be
                       windy
                       ,
                       cold
                       and
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       be
                       fatal
                       thereby
                       to
                       many
                       new
                       planted
                       Trees
                       ,
                       unless
                       great
                       care
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       about
                       the
                       Foot
                       ,
                       once
                       a
                       Week
                       ;
                       For
                       which
                       purpose
                       we
                       make
                       a
                       round
                       hollow
                       circle
                       or
                       small
                       Trench
                       ,
                       round
                       about
                       their
                       foot
                       just
                       over
                       the
                       part
                       where
                       the
                       Extremities
                       of
                       their
                       roots
                       are
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       pour
                       into
                       the
                       said
                       Trench
                       or
                       Circle
                       ,
                       a
                       pitcher
                       full
                       of
                       water
                       if
                       the
                       Tree
                       be
                       little
                       ,
                       or
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       bigger
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       the
                       water
                       is
                       soak'd
                       in
                       ,
                       we
                       fill
                       up
                       the
                       Circle
                       again
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       think
                       good
                       ,
                       with
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       some
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       Weeds
                       newly
                       pluck'd
                       up
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       the
                       better
                       repeat
                       our
                       watering
                       once
                       a
                       Week
                       during
                       the
                       extream
                       dry
                       Weather
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       weed
                       up
                       all
                       the
                       ill
                       weeds
                       that
                       grow
                       among
                       good
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       the
                       same
                       course
                       with
                       
                         Straw-berries
                         ,
                         Peas
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       replanted
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       howe
                       all
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       loosen
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       open
                       a
                       passage
                       for
                       the
                       first
                       rain
                       that
                       shall
                       fall
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       
                         White
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       plain
                       Ground
                       ,
                       to
                       whiten
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       place
                       ;
                       and
                       provided
                       it
                       be
                       thin
                       sown
                       ,
                       no
                       Seed
                       comes
                       so
                       easily
                       up
                       as
                       this
                       sort
                       of
                       Endive
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       April
                       we
                       also
                       sow
                       in
                       their
                       places
                       ,
                       the
                       first
                       Spanish
                       Cardons
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       second
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ;
                       the
                       first
                       are
                       commonly
                       a
                       Month
                       in
                       coming
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       others
                       about
                       15
                       days
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       still
                       sow
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       some
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       not
                       sufficiently
                       provided
                       with
                       it
                       before
                       ;
                       and
                       we
                       sow
                       it
                       either
                       in
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       little
                       furrows
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       handsomest
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       scatteringly
                       on
                       the
                       plain
                       Ground
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       most
                       common
                       ;
                       or
                       else
                       upon
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       Squares
                       ,
                       to
                       serve
                       for
                       an
                       edging
                       :
                       we
                       likewise
                       replant
                       in
                       rows
                       or
                       furrows
                       ,
                       that
                       which
                       we
                       remove
                       from
                       other
                       places
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       but
                       about
                       a
                       year
                       old
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       of
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       large
                       sort
                       ,
                       whether
                       our
                       necessities
                       have
                       obliged
                       us
                       to
                       break
                       up
                       some
                       Bed
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       we
                       be
                       not
                       minded
                       to
                       lose
                       it
                       ,
                       or
                       whether
                       we
                       do
                       it
                       designedly
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       use
                       the
                       same
                       method
                       with
                       Fennel
                       and
                       Anis
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       high
                       winds
                       ,
                       and
                       Cold
                       hinder
                       us
                       not
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       give
                       a
                       little
                       Air
                       to
                       our
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       and
                       continue
                       to
                       give
                       them
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       and
                       more
                       of
                       it
                       by
                       degrees
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       when
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       in
                       a
                       good
                       Climate
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       off
                       the
                       Bells
                       quite
                       .
                       And
                       we
                       lift
                       up
                       each
                       Bell
                       with
                       three
                       little
                       forks
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       the
                       plant
                       hurt
                       by
                       its
                       sides
                       ,
                       would
                       dwindle
                       and
                       grow
                       lank
                       .
                       And
                       if
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       given
                       it
                       a
                       little
                       Air
                       ,
                       the
                       Cold
                       continues
                       still
                       sharp
                       enough
                       to
                       spoil
                       the
                       branches
                       and
                       Leaves
                       of
                       it
                       that
                       are
                       sprouting
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       dry
                       Litter
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       replant
                       the
                       Radishes
                       we
                       have
                       removed
                       from
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       where
                       we
                       first
                       raised
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       a
                       good
                       provision
                       of
                       Seed
                       ,
                       choosing
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       those
                       that
                       have
                       the
                       Reddest
                       roots
                       and
                       the
                       fewest
                       leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       need
                       only
                       make
                       holes
                       at
                       a
                       foot
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       in
                       one
                       or
                       more
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       ,
                       and
                       thrust
                       in
                       the
                       Radishes
                       into
                       those
                       holes
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       press
                       down
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       water
                       them
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       rain
                       do's
                       not
                       spare
                       us
                       that
                       labour
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       choose
                       apart
                       of
                       the
                       fairest
                       of
                       the
                       Cabbage-Lettuces
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       Winter
                       ones
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       Shell
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Jerusalem
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       
                         Curles
                         Bright
                         Lettuce
                      
                       raised
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       and
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       to
                       plant
                       them
                       all
                       together
                       in
                       some
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       at
                       a
                       foot
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       to
                       let
                       them
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ;
                       which
                       we
                       also
                       perform
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       plant
                       edgings
                       of
                       
                         Time
                         ,
                         Sage
                         ,
                         Marjoram
                         ,
                         Hyssop
                         ,
                         Lavender
                         ,
                         Rue
                         ,
                         Worm-wood
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       
                         Spring
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       which
                       succeed
                       one
                       another
                       in
                       this
                       order
                       ;
                       the
                       
                         Curled
                         Bright
                         Lettuce
                      
                       is
                       the
                       first
                       and
                       best
                       ,
                       as
                       being
                       the
                       most
                       tender
                       and
                       delicate
                       ,
                       but
                       it
                       requires
                       a
                       mild
                       and
                       light
                       Soil
                       ,
                       or
                       above
                       all
                       ,
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       to
                       plant
                       it
                       on
                       ,
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       April
                       .
                       A
                       gross
                       Soil
                       agrees
                       not
                       with
                       it
                       ,
                       for
                       instead
                       of
                       growing
                       bigger
                       there
                       ,
                       it
                       dwindles
                       to
                       nothing
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       
                         Green
                         Curled
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         George
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Little
                         Red
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       called
                       the
                       Royal
                       ,
                       the
                       Bellegarde
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Perpignan
                       ,
                       follow
                       next
                       after
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Royal
                         Lettuce
                      
                       is
                       a
                       very
                       fair
                       and
                       thick
                       Lettuce
                       ,
                       which
                       differs
                       only
                       from
                       the
                       Bellegarde
                       in
                       that
                       it
                       is
                       a
                       little
                       less
                       Curled
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Capucin
                         ,
                         Short
                         ,
                         Aubervilliers
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Austrian
                         Lettuces
                      
                       succeed
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       run
                       not
                       so
                       easily
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       preceeding
                       ones
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Alfanges
                         ,
                         Chicons
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Imperials
                       which
                       are
                       all
                       Lettuces
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       ,
                       bring
                       up
                       the
                       Rear
                       ;
                       and
                       the
                       
                         Genua
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       the
                       
                         Red
                         ,
                         Bright
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Green
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       last
                       
                         Summer
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ;
                       we
                       must
                       replant
                       a
                       good
                       number
                       of
                       them
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       good
                       about
                       Mid-summer
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       Summer
                       ;
                       of
                       all
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       this
                       sort
                       best
                       endures
                       the
                       great
                       heats
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       least
                       disposed
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ;
                       for
                       which
                       reason
                       to
                       obtain
                       Seed
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       sown
                       it
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       from
                       the
                       very
                       Month
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       good
                       plants
                       of
                       it
                       to
                       set
                       again
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       
                         Royal
                         Lettuce
                      
                       begins
                       again
                       to
                       be
                       fit
                       to
                       be
                       replanted
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       to
                       supply
                       us
                       ,
                       together
                       with
                       that
                       of
                       Genua
                       ,
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                       From
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       the
                       Shell
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Winter
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       fit
                       to
                       re-plant
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       and
                       November
                       ,
                       for
                       our
                       Winter
                       provision
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       hard
                       to
                       make
                       any
                       Descriptions
                       of
                       these
                       sorts
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       exact
                       enough
                       to
                       distinguish
                       them
                       by
                       ,
                       the
                       difference
                       between
                       them
                       consisting
                       chiefly
                       in
                       having
                       Leaves
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       or
                       less
                       green
                       ,
                       or
                       Curled
                       ;
                       It
                       is
                       enough
                       for
                       the
                       curious
                       to
                       know
                       their
                       names
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       enabled
                       to
                       ask
                       for
                       them
                       of
                       their
                       Friends
                       ,
                       or
                       buy
                       them
                       of
                       the
                       Herb
                       Merchants
                       ,
                       we
                       learning
                       effectually
                       to
                       know
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       using
                       .
                       The
                       two
                       Crisped
                       or
                       
                         Curled
                         Sorts
                      
                       are
                       so
                       called
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       Curling
                       of
                       their
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Red
                       ones
                       from
                       their
                       Colour
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuce
                      
                       has
                       a
                       very
                       round
                       Leaf
                       which
                       is
                       very
                       apt
                       to
                       shut
                       up
                       like
                       a
                       Shell
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       is
                       an
                       infinite
                       Diversity
                       of
                       kinds
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       the
                       worst
                       is
                       that
                       which
                       we
                       call
                       
                         Cats
                         Tongue
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       very
                       sharp
                       pointed
                       ,
                       and
                       never
                       Cabbages
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Aubervilliers
                         Lettuce
                      
                       grows
                       so
                       very
                       hard
                       that
                       it
                       is
                       scarce
                       fit
                       for
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       but
                       is
                       better
                       for
                       pottage
                       ;
                       but
                       yet
                       it
                       is
                       very
                       subject
                       to
                       be
                       bitter
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       not
                       fail
                       every
                       fifteen
                       days
                       ,
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       
                         Genua
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       always
                       be
                       provided
                       with
                       some
                       fit
                       to
                       replant
                       during
                       all
                       the
                       whole
                       Summer
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ;
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       careful
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       rainy
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       destroy
                       both
                       the
                       Black
                       and
                       
                         Shell
                         Snails
                      
                       that
                       come
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Walls
                       where
                       they
                       breed
                       Young
                       ones
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       do
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       mischief
                       by
                       gnawing
                       the
                       young
                       Shoots
                       of
                       Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       new
                       planted
                       Lettuces
                       and
                       Cabbages
                       .
                       If
                       the
                       Ruddy
                       or
                       
                         Dry
                         Winds
                      
                       Reign
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       generally
                       do
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       carefully
                       and
                       plentifully
                       water
                       every
                       thing
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       ,
                       except
                       it
                       be
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       Trim
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       plant
                       new
                       ones
                       upon
                       new
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       also
                       sow
                       some
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Ground
                       ,
                       in
                       little
                       Dikes
                       filled
                       with
                       mold
                       ,
                       or
                       compost
                       ,
                       like
                       to
                       those
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       mentioned
                       for
                       Cardons
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       now
                       likewise
                       search
                       the
                       Woods
                       for
                       Young
                       
                         Straw-berry
                         Plants
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       Nurseries
                       of
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       part
                       of
                       our
                       Garden
                       ,
                       we
                       plant
                       tufts
                       of
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       plants
                       of
                       them
                       together
                       at
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       Inches
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       Soil
                       be
                       dry
                       ,
                       in
                       a
                       hollow
                       Bed
                       of
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       retain
                       and
                       preserve
                       the
                       rain
                       water
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       of
                       our
                       waterings
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       upon
                       some
                       Bed
                       near
                       some
                       Northern
                       Walls
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       We
                       also
                       now
                       dis-eye
                       or
                       separate
                       the
                       Off-Sets
                       or
                       Slips
                       of
                       our
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       plant
                       as
                       many
                       of
                       them
                       as
                       we
                       need
                       ,
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       each
                       hole
                       ,
                       or
                       Trench
                       of
                       about
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       two
                       full
                       Foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       each
                       Bed
                       should
                       be
                       four
                       foot
                       wide
                       ,
                       and
                       contain
                       two
                       rows
                       of
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       along
                       its
                       sides
                       ,
                       and
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       a
                       void
                       space
                       left
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       ,
                       of
                       three
                       foot
                       wide
                       for
                       the
                       planting
                       of
                       
                         Leek
                         Chaids
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       great
                       whited
                       Leeks
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       of
                       Collyflowers
                       ,
                       in
                       imitation
                       of
                       the
                       Market-Gard'ners
                       ,
                       who
                       are
                       good
                       Husbands
                       of
                       their
                       Ground
                       .
                       The
                       two
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       which
                       we
                       set
                       in
                       each
                       hole
                       ,
                       must
                       be
                       placed
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       and
                       half
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       planting
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       and
                       filling
                       the
                       places
                       where
                       there
                       are
                       any
                       wanting
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       can
                       timely
                       discover
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       water
                       the
                       new
                       Plants
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       likewise
                       still
                       bind
                       up
                       those
                       Lettuces
                       that
                       Cabbage
                       not
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       keep
                       open
                       the
                       Windows
                       of
                       the
                       green
                       Houses
                       ,
                       where
                       our
                       
                         Orange
                         Trees
                      
                       are
                       in
                       fair
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       reaccustom
                       them
                       by
                       little
                       and
                       little
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       wide
                       Air
                       ;
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       bring
                       out
                       our
                       Jasmin
                       and
                       trim
                       it
                       ;
                       we
                       also
                       begin
                       to
                       prune
                       our
                       Vines
                       at
                       the
                       first
                       coming
                       in
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       neglected
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       March
                       last
                       ;
                       and
                       we
                       prune
                       the
                       
                         Wall
                         Vines
                      
                       sooner
                       than
                       those
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Fields
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       already
                       in
                       the
                       month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       set
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       those
                       Almonds
                       which
                       sprouted
                       early
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       we
                       set
                       those
                       which
                       having
                       not
                       sprouted
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       with
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       had
                       been
                       put
                       up
                       back
                       again
                       into
                       Mold
                       ,
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       Sand.
                       
                    
                     
                       In
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       Gardens
                       should
                       be
                       almost
                       in
                       their
                       Perfection
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       for
                       their
                       general
                       neatness
                       ,
                       and
                       pleasing
                       Prospect
                       ,
                       as
                       being
                       all
                       over
                       covered
                       either
                       with
                       the
                       green
                       Seedlings
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       which
                       have
                       been
                       sown
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       Plants
                       which
                       have
                       been
                       set
                       ,
                       excepting
                       
                         Endive
                         ,
                         Succory
                         ,
                         Celery
                         ,
                         Collyflowers
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       which
                       are
                       not
                       replanted
                       till
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May.
                       In
                       fine
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       neglected
                       any
                       thing
                       that
                       should
                       have
                       been
                       done
                       in
                       March
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       sure
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       sow
                       
                         Parsly
                         ,
                         wild
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Succory
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       first
                       Harico's
                       or
                       French-Beans
                       ,
                       the
                       second
                       being
                       to
                       be
                       sown
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       third
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       a
                       crop
                       of
                       them
                       about
                       two
                       Months
                       after
                       sowing
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       this
                       time
                       ,
                       the
                       Strawberries
                       growing
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       shoot
                       forth
                       their
                       stems
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       must
                       take
                       exact
                       care
                       to
                       pluck
                       all
                       the
                       Cuckows
                       among
                       them
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       those
                       Straw-berry
                       plants
                       that
                       blossom
                       much
                       without
                       knitting
                       ;
                       nay
                       ,
                       I
                       would
                       have
                       the
                       Caprons
                       pluckt
                       up
                       too
                       ,
                       unless
                       any
                       Person
                       have
                       a
                       particular
                       fancy
                       for
                       them
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       easie
                       to
                       be
                       known
                       by
                       their
                       thick
                       short
                       and
                       Velvet
                       stems
                       ,
                       their
                       large
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       very
                       long
                       Velvet
                       ,
                       and
                       sharp
                       pointed
                       Leaves
                       ;
                       but
                       the
                       Cuckows
                       are
                       somewhat
                       hard
                       to
                       be
                       distinguisht
                       ,
                       particularly
                       till
                       their
                       stems
                       be
                       formed
                       .
                       The
                       most
                       part
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       Strawberry
                       Plants
                       that
                       have
                       degenerated
                       ,
                       and
                       yet
                       so
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       the
                       good
                       ones
                       and
                       the
                       bad
                       ones
                       are
                       pretty
                       like
                       one
                       another
                       ;
                       but
                       those
                       degenerate
                       Plants
                       in
                       process
                       of
                       time
                       by
                       their
                       runners
                       ,
                       produce
                       an
                       infinite
                       number
                       of
                       others
                       ,
                       which
                       to
                       appearance
                       are
                       very
                       fair
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       very
                       apt
                       to
                       deceive
                       us
                       ,
                       yet
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       acquainted
                       with
                       them
                       ,
                       observe
                       that
                       they
                       are
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       Velveted
                       ,
                       and
                       somewhat
                       greener
                       than
                       the
                       good
                       ones
                       .
                       And
                       in
                       Conclusion
                       ,
                       I
                       must
                       tell
                       you
                       ,
                       that
                       if
                       extraordinary
                       care
                       be
                       not
                       taken
                       to
                       extirpate
                       those
                       unlucky
                       Plants
                       that
                       impose
                       upon
                       us
                       thus
                       by
                       their
                       Beauty
                       ,
                       we
                       shall
                       in
                       little
                       time
                       find
                       our
                       ▪
                       selves
                       stockt
                       with
                       none
                       but
                       such
                       ,
                       to
                       which
                       the
                       Proverb
                       particularly
                       agrees
                       ,
                       which
                       saith
                       ,
                       
                         a
                         fair
                         show
                         ,
                         but
                         little
                         Fruit.
                         
                      
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       our
                       last
                       Cucumbers
                       about
                       the
                       tenth
                       or
                       twelfth
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       lateward
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       such
                       as
                       may
                       be
                       fit
                       to
                       pickle
                       in
                       October
                       ,
                       which
                       last
                       are
                       commonly
                       called
                       Cornichons
                       ,
                       or
                       horned
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       
                         English
                         ,
                         Crumplings
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Guerkins
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Strawberry
                       stems
                       must
                       be
                       much
                       pinched
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       must
                       be
                       quite
                       plucked
                       up
                       too
                       when
                       they
                       shoot
                       up
                       in
                       too
                       great
                       Numbers
                       from
                       feeble
                       Plants
                       ;
                       by
                       pinching
                       ,
                       here
                       is
                       meant
                       the
                       taking
                       off
                       the
                       last
                       Flowers
                       and
                       last
                       Buds
                       of
                       every
                       stem
                       ,
                       leaving
                       but
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       first
                       appeared
                       upon
                       those
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       are
                       nearest
                       to
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       particularly
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       that
                       May
                       Moon
                       begins
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       so
                       fertile
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       vigorous
                       in
                       its
                       Productions
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       must
                       with
                       all
                       possible
                       care
                       run
                       over
                       our
                       Wall-trees
                       ,
                       and
                       draw
                       from
                       behind
                       the
                       Trails
                       ,
                       those
                       Branches
                       that
                       grow
                       between
                       them
                       and
                       the
                       Wall
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       smaller
                       ones
                       ,
                       as
                       more
                       particularly
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       thick
                       :
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       Peach-Trees
                       and
                       other
                       Stone-Fruit-Trees
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       pruned
                       the
                       third
                       time
                       ,
                       it
                       having
                       been
                       done
                       the
                       second
                       time
                       whilst
                       they
                       were
                       in
                       Blossom
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       away
                       all
                       those
                       Branches
                       that
                       had
                       not
                       blossom'd
                       .
                       And
                       at
                       this
                       time
                       we
                       reckon
                       ,
                       that
                       all
                       those
                       Blossoms
                       that
                       will
                       knit
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       are
                       already
                       knit
                       ,
                       and
                       accordingly
                       we
                       are
                       not
                       to
                       count
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       for
                       true
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       but
                       those
                       only
                       that
                       are
                       well
                       knit
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       a
                       pretty
                       bigness
                       too
                       ,
                       because
                       
                       till
                       then
                       ,
                       many
                       of
                       them
                       continue
                       to
                       fall
                       ,
                       though
                       they
                       seemed
                       well
                       knit
                       .
                       And
                       therefore
                       it
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       shorten
                       all
                       those
                       Branches
                       which
                       having
                       been
                       left
                       long
                       purposely
                       for
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       have
                       not
                       answered
                       that
                       end
                       ,
                       but
                       have
                       either
                       retained
                       no
                       Fruit
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       or
                       a
                       very
                       small
                       quantity
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       perhaps
                       sprout
                       but
                       weakly
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       produce
                       but
                       very
                       little
                       shoots
                       ,
                       or
                       perhaps
                       nothing
                       but
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       the
                       feeblest
                       of
                       those
                       Branches
                       must
                       be
                       discharged
                       of
                       all
                       their
                       shoots
                       ,
                       to
                       one
                       or
                       two
                       at
                       most
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       general
                       ,
                       all
                       those
                       Branches
                       must
                       be
                       shortned
                       ,
                       that
                       appear
                       not
                       vigorously
                       ,
                       or
                       that
                       are
                       blasted
                       by
                       the
                       
                         Ruddy
                         Winds
                      
                       .
                       And
                       Lastly
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       leave
                       only
                       such
                       a
                       burden
                       of
                       Branches
                       and
                       Fruit
                       on
                       the
                       Tree
                       as
                       shall
                       be
                       proportionable
                       to
                       its
                       greater
                       or
                       lesser
                       Vigour
                       ,
                       and
                       accordingly
                       we
                       must
                       leave
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       upon
                       vigorous
                       Trees
                       ,
                       especially
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       sprung
                       from
                       Stones
                       ,
                       and
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       on
                       them
                       that
                       are
                       weak
                       ,
                       and
                       always
                       aim
                       as
                       near
                       as
                       may
                       be
                       ,
                       to
                       form
                       that
                       which
                       we
                       call
                       a
                       goodly
                       Tree
                       ,
                       taking
                       all
                       possible
                       care
                       that
                       each
                       Fruit-Branch
                       may
                       have
                       its
                       Fruit
                       at
                       its
                       Extremity
                       .
                       This
                       third
                       pruning
                       should
                       be
                       done
                       either
                       before
                       we
                       new
                       nail
                       up
                       our
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       whilst
                       we
                       are
                       nailing
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       this
                       time
                       likewise
                       ,
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       pinch
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       break
                       off
                       ,
                       to
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       Eyes
                       or
                       Buds
                       ,
                       those
                       thick
                       shoots
                       in
                       Peach-Trees
                       that
                       are
                       sprung
                       out
                       since
                       the
                       main
                       Pruning
                       of
                       that
                       year
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       shoot
                       out
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       midling
                       shoots
                       ,
                       one
                       whereof
                       may
                       be
                       for
                       a
                       Wood
                       Branch
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       rest
                       for
                       Fruit
                       ;
                       this
                       Operation
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       performed
                       particularly
                       upon
                       those
                       very
                       thick
                       shoots
                       that
                       spring
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Extremity
                       of
                       a
                       Tree
                       that
                       is
                       grown
                       high
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       has
                       already
                       attained
                       its
                       due
                       height
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       likewise
                       sometimes
                       ,
                       though
                       rarely
                       performed
                       upon
                       the
                       lower
                       shoots
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       have
                       occasion
                       to
                       fill
                       up
                       any
                       void
                       places
                       that
                       are
                       made
                       near
                       any
                       very
                       thick
                       Branches
                       ,
                       whether
                       young
                       or
                       old
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       cut
                       short
                       the
                       last
                       Winters
                       Pruning
                       ;
                       those
                       thick
                       Branches
                       are
                       but
                       too
                       subject
                       either
                       not
                       to
                       sprout
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       grow
                       full
                       of
                       Gum
                       ,
                       both
                       they
                       and
                       the
                       young
                       Shoots
                       they
                       produce
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       not
                       convenient
                       to
                       pinch
                       any
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       other
                       Fruit-Trees
                       ,
                       excepting
                       Graffs
                       ,
                       when
                       having
                       been
                       graffed
                       upon
                       thick
                       stocks
                       ,
                       they
                       have
                       begun
                       to
                       shoot
                       out
                       with
                       too
                       much
                       rigour
                       ,
                       because
                       the
                       shoots
                       of
                       such
                       graffs
                       would
                       grow
                       too
                       high
                       ,
                       and
                       too
                       bare
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       were
                       not
                       checkt
                       by
                       this
                       Operation
                       ,
                       and
                       made
                       to
                       produce
                       many
                       Branches
                       that
                       prove
                       good
                       ,
                       instead
                       of
                       one
                       that
                       otherwise
                       might
                       have
                       remained
                       useless
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       such
                       occasions
                       we
                       may
                       pinch
                       as
                       long
                       as
                       we
                       please
                       ,
                       we
                       shall
                       never
                       gain
                       any
                       advantage
                       by
                       it
                       .
                       Sometimes
                       pinching
                       extends
                       likewise
                       to
                       Fig-Trees
                       ,
                       but
                       that
                       is
                       not
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       as
                       I
                       shall
                       further
                       shew
                       afterwards
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       THe
                       Effects
                       of
                       Vegetation
                       during
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       seemed
                       to
                       be
                       but
                       little
                       proofs
                       of
                       Trial
                       which
                       Nature
                       then
                       made
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       some
                       greater
                       performances
                       .
                       For
                       alass
                       ,
                       Trees
                       blossoming
                       or
                       shooting
                       forth
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       or
                       beginning
                       to
                       put
                       forth
                       swelling
                       Buds
                       .
                       &c.
                       are
                       all
                       marks
                       of
                       lesser
                       vigour
                       than
                       weakness
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       productions
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       seen
                       the
                       same
                       Nature
                       augment
                       in
                       strength
                       ,
                       and
                       shew
                       its
                       effects
                       by
                       the
                       knitting
                       of
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       lengthning
                       out
                       Branches
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       coming
                       up
                       of
                       sown
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       But
                       at
                       length
                       when
                       we
                       once
                       come
                       to
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       't
                       is
                       then
                       that
                       Mother
                       of
                       Vegetation
                       seems
                       in
                       earnest
                       to
                       display
                       and
                       exert
                       all
                       the
                       force
                       she
                       is
                       Mistress
                       of
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       the
                       maintaining
                       her self
                       in
                       that
                       flourishing
                       Estate
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Months
                       of
                       June
                       and
                       July
                       following
                       ,
                       at
                       this
                       time
                       covering
                       the
                       Walls
                       with
                       new
                       Branches
                       ,
                       plumping
                       the
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       and
                       covering
                       the
                       Earth
                       with
                       a
                       lovely
                       and
                       charming
                       verdure
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       And
                       now
                       our
                       Gard'ners
                       have
                       great
                       need
                       to
                       be
                       upon
                       their
                       Guards
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       their
                       Gardens
                       falling
                       into
                       disorder
                       ,
                       because
                       't
                       is
                       most
                       sure
                       ,
                       that
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       not
                       now
                       extreamly
                       careful
                       and
                       laborious
                       ,
                       there
                       is
                       no
                       Disaster
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       may
                       expect
                       ;
                       pernicious
                       Weeds
                       will
                       in
                       little
                       time
                       choke
                       up
                       all
                       their
                       good
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       their
                       Walks
                       and
                       Alleys
                       will
                       be
                       overgrown
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       Trees
                       will
                       fall
                       into
                       the
                       greatest
                       Confusion
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       reasons
                       it
                       will
                       highly
                       concern
                       them
                       to
                       be
                       extreamly
                       watchful
                       and
                       diligent
                       to
                       weed
                       ,
                       manure
                       ,
                       cleanse
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       off
                       all
                       superfluous
                       Leaves
                       and
                       Sprigs
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       nail
                       up
                       Wall-trees
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       it
                       will
                       be
                       in
                       their
                       Power
                       to
                       acquire
                       the
                       desirable
                       Commendation
                       of
                       having
                       adorned
                       and
                       set
                       out
                       their
                       Gardens
                       with
                       all
                       the
                       lustre
                       and
                       excellency
                       which
                       they
                       ought
                       to
                       have
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Green
                         Peas
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       were
                       sown
                       in
                       Banks
                       or
                       Borders
                       in
                       October
                       ,
                       now
                       begin
                       to
                       recompense
                       our
                       Pains
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       blossom
                       at
                       the
                       coming
                       in
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       (
                       the
                       Blossoms
                       last
                       commonly
                       about
                       eight
                       or
                       ten
                       days
                       before
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       pod
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       three
                       weeks
                       after
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       fit
                       to
                       gather
                       ,
                       and
                       shell
                       .
                       In
                       the
                       mean
                       while
                       ,
                       about
                       the
                       seventh
                       or
                       eighth
                       day
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       plant
                       our
                       
                         Collyflowers
                         ,
                         Milan
                         Cabbages
                         ,
                         Capucin
                         Capers
                         ,
                      
                       or
                       
                         Nasturces
                         ,
                         Beet-Chards
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       
                       If
                       we
                       plant
                       them
                       sooner
                       ,
                       they
                       commonly
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       avoided
                       ;
                       and
                       in
                       fine
                       for
                       those
                       things
                       ,
                       we
                       ought
                       not
                       to
                       pass
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       day
                       ,
                       nor
                       likewise
                       for
                       the
                       sowing
                       of
                       
                         Winter
                         Cabbages
                      
                       .
                       We
                       now
                       make
                       all
                       the
                       hast
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       dis-eying
                       or
                       slipping
                       our
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       vigorous
                       ,
                       and
                       seem
                       to
                       have
                       need
                       of
                       being
                       discharged
                       and
                       thinned
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       planting
                       new
                       ones
                       .
                       The
                       Eyes
                       or
                       Sucker-slips
                       are
                       good
                       enough
                       ,
                       provided
                       they
                       be
                       pretty
                       thick
                       and
                       white
                       ,
                       though
                       they
                       have
                       no
                       root
                       at
                       their
                       heel
                       or
                       foot
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       may
                       be
                       sure
                       to
                       have
                       very
                       fine
                       Fruit
                       from
                       them
                       in
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       truth
                       it
                       were
                       to
                       be
                       wished
                       ,
                       they
                       would
                       yield
                       none
                       sooner
                       ,
                       because
                       those
                       produced
                       before
                       that
                       time
                       are
                       commonly
                       pitiful
                       ,
                       starveling
                       ,
                       and
                       as
                       't
                       were
                       abortive
                       Fruits
                       .
                       Yet
                       't
                       is
                       not
                       enough
                       to
                       plant
                       only
                       some
                       good
                       thick
                       young
                       slip-suckers
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       must
                       likewise
                       plant
                       some
                       midling
                       ones
                       ,
                       especially
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltred
                       place
                       ,
                       only
                       to
                       fortifie
                       themselves
                       there
                       during
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       year
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       yield
                       us
                       their
                       first
                       Artichokes
                       next
                       Spring
                       ;
                       those
                       which
                       have
                       born
                       in
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       not
                       making
                       such
                       swift
                       advances
                       as
                       these
                       other
                       .
                       Next
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       plant
                       our
                       
                         Beet
                         Chards
                      
                       almost
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       well
                       placed
                       ,
                       if
                       planted
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       the
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       one
                       Beet
                       plant
                       between
                       two
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       there
                       may
                       be
                       some
                       in
                       one
                       Rank
                       ,
                       and
                       none
                       in
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       for
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       room
                       enough
                       left
                       free
                       ,
                       to
                       go
                       upon
                       to
                       water
                       ,
                       weed
                       ,
                       manure
                       ,
                       gather
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       too
                       ,
                       when
                       need
                       shall
                       require
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Earliest
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       begin
                       to
                       knit
                       in
                       the
                       first
                       quarter
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       the
                       full
                       of
                       this
                       Months
                       Moon
                       ,
                       but
                       chiefly
                       at
                       the
                       wane
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       if
                       their
                       Beds
                       were
                       very
                       hot
                       at
                       the
                       full
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       grown
                       cooler
                       at
                       the
                       wane
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       Rank
                       our
                       Fig-Trees
                       in
                       the
                       place
                       alloted
                       for
                       the
                       
                         Fig
                         Plantation
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       disposition
                       we
                       desire
                       .
                       They
                       begin
                       then
                       to
                       put
                       forth
                       their
                       Leaves
                       and
                       shoots
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       length
                       their
                       Fruit
                       begins
                       to
                       plump
                       at
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       with
                       diligence
                       and
                       expedition
                       ,
                       to
                       nail
                       up
                       the
                       new
                       shoots
                       of
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       strong
                       enough
                       to
                       suffer
                       it
                       :
                       And
                       it
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       have
                       finish'd
                       this
                       Work
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       because
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       that
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       begin
                       the
                       second
                       nailing
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       shoots
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       first
                       of
                       those
                       which
                       were
                       never
                       yet
                       nail'd
                       .
                       We
                       must
                       likewise
                       pinch
                       ,
                       or
                       break
                       off
                       the
                       thick
                       shoots
                       we
                       find
                       ,
                       whether
                       because
                       after
                       the
                       first
                       pinching
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       they
                       have
                       not
                       multiplied
                       into
                       Branches
                       as
                       far
                       as
                       they
                       extend
                       ,
                       and
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       ,
                       have
                       produced
                       yet
                       but
                       one
                       thick
                       shoot
                       ,
                       or
                       because
                       ,
                       though
                       they
                       have
                       multiplied
                       into
                       Branches
                       ,
                       they
                       have
                       produced
                       one
                       shoot
                       thick
                       enough
                       to
                       be
                       pinched
                       ;
                       for
                       otherwise
                       that
                       thick
                       shoot
                       would
                       be
                       unuseful
                       and
                       pernicious
                       ;
                       unuseful
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       away
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       be
                       cut
                       very
                       short
                       ,
                       and
                       pernicious
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       will
                       ,
                       as
                       one
                       may
                       say
                       ,
                       have
                       robb'd
                       other
                       necessary
                       shoots
                       of
                       that
                       nourishment
                       they
                       should
                       have
                       had
                       :
                       Always
                       taking
                       it
                       for
                       a
                       Rule
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       must
                       in
                       nailing
                       ,
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       couch
                       all
                       those
                       Branches
                       which
                       may
                       and
                       ought
                       to
                       be
                       couched
                       ,
                       without
                       tying
                       several
                       of
                       them
                       together
                       ,
                       or
                       taking
                       away
                       ,
                       or
                       plucking
                       off
                       any
                       that
                       is
                       sightly
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       be
                       that
                       we
                       can
                       by
                       no
                       means
                       couch
                       it
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       case
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       cut
                       it
                       off
                       within
                       the
                       breadth
                       of
                       a
                       Crown
                       piece
                       of
                       the
                       place
                       from
                       whence
                       it
                       sprouts
                       ,
                       in
                       hopes
                       that
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       two
                       sides
                       of
                       the
                       remaining
                       stump
                       of
                       that
                       thickness
                       ,
                       there
                       may
                       sprout
                       some
                       good
                       Fruit-Branches
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       also
                       have
                       a
                       care
                       not
                       to
                       lay
                       one
                       cross
                       another
                       ,
                       unless
                       we
                       be
                       necessarily
                       obliged
                       so
                       to
                       do
                       ,
                       to
                       fill
                       up
                       a
                       void
                       place
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       preserve
                       a
                       uniform
                       equality
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       there
                       be
                       any
                       Trees
                       designed
                       to
                       mount
                       upright
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       accordingly
                       order
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       the
                       Branch
                       that
                       seems
                       most
                       proper
                       for
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       tie
                       the
                       graffs
                       either
                       to
                       their
                       Trunk
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       sticks
                       set
                       up
                       on
                       purpose
                       by
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       grow
                       in
                       that
                       figure
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       hinder
                       them
                       from
                       being
                       broken
                       by
                       the
                       Winds
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       
                         Genua
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       replant
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       Lettuces
                       also
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       likewise
                       trim
                       Pear-Trees
                       ,
                       either
                       to
                       take
                       off
                       the
                       false
                       shoots
                       if
                       any
                       appear
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       done
                       by
                       plucking
                       them
                       quite
                       away
                       when
                       they
                       make
                       a
                       confusion
                       ,
                       or
                       even
                       such
                       others
                       which
                       though
                       they
                       be
                       good
                       ,
                       yet
                       because
                       they
                       might
                       produce
                       that
                       confusion
                       which
                       is
                       so
                       much
                       to
                       be
                       avoided
                       in
                       a
                       Tree
                       ,
                       must
                       therefore
                       be
                       taken
                       off
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       better
                       fortifying
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       make
                       the
                       figure
                       of
                       that
                       Tree
                       ;
                       for
                       a
                       second
                       shoot
                       will
                       grow
                       much
                       more
                       vigorous
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       take
                       away
                       that
                       which
                       being
                       at
                       the
                       extremity
                       of
                       the
                       pruned
                       Branch
                       was
                       counted
                       for
                       the
                       first
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Endive
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       good
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       which
                       may
                       be
                       whitened
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       place
                       where
                       it
                       first
                       grew
                       ,
                       without
                       removing
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       being
                       sown
                       thin
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       watered
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Month.
                       We
                       now
                       also
                       take
                       the
                       advantage
                       of
                       some
                       rainy
                       
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       places
                       ,
                       our
                       annual
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       seldom
                       failing
                       to
                       come
                       to
                       good
                       there
                       ;
                       we
                       likewise
                       take
                       the
                       advantage
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       ,
                       to
                       fill
                       up
                       with
                       Basketed
                       ,
                       or
                       Circumposed
                       Trees
                       ,
                       the
                       places
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       dead
                       ,
                       or
                       that
                       thwart
                       our
                       expectations
                       ,
                       or
                       that
                       give
                       us
                       no
                       very
                       good
                       hopes
                       of
                       their
                       thriving
                       .
                       The
                       manner
                       of
                       doing
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       a
                       hole
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       hold
                       the
                       Basket
                       and
                       Tree
                       ,
                       then
                       to
                       put
                       it
                       in
                       ,
                       and
                       carefully
                       to
                       fill
                       up
                       with
                       Earth
                       all
                       the
                       hollow
                       space
                       round
                       about
                       the
                       Basket
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       press
                       it
                       down
                       hard
                       either
                       with
                       the
                       foot
                       or
                       hand
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       to
                       pour
                       down
                       all
                       round
                       upon
                       it
                       ,
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       pitchers
                       full
                       of
                       water
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       the
                       better
                       incorporating
                       the
                       Earth
                       without
                       ,
                       with
                       that
                       within
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       there
                       may
                       not
                       be
                       left
                       the
                       least
                       hollow
                       in
                       the
                       world
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       necessary
                       to
                       renew
                       these
                       waterings
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       times
                       during
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       Summer
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       still
                       plant
                       
                         Beet
                         Chards
                      
                       ,
                       choosing
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       the
                       brightest
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       of
                       the
                       growth
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       sown
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       as
                       being
                       both
                       fairer
                       and
                       better
                       than
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       green
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       our
                       Nurseries
                       of
                       Straw-berry
                       Plants
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       at
                       which
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       perfectly
                       distinguish
                       the
                       good
                       ones
                       by
                       their
                       Stems
                       ,
                       or
                       upright
                       shoots
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       those
                       Lettuces
                       that
                       Cabbage
                       not
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       no
                       more
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       except
                       
                         Genuz
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       after
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       because
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       but
                       only
                       this
                       last
                       sort
                       ,
                       are
                       too
                       apt
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       in
                       little
                       Holes
                       or
                       Trenches
                       filled
                       with
                       mold
                       ;
                       we
                       also
                       plant
                       
                         Pumpions
                         ▪
                      
                       or
                       Citruls
                       in
                       the
                       like
                       holes
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       three
                       Toises
                       or
                       Fathoms
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       such
                       as
                       have
                       been
                       raised
                       on
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       take
                       root
                       again
                       ,
                       the
                       sooner
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       something
                       for
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       days
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       rain
                       ,
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Sun
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       being
                       apt
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       wither
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       to
                       kill
                       them
                       quite
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       few
                       Peas
                       ,
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       of
                       the
                       biggest
                       sort
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       we
                       think
                       good
                       ,
                       we
                       pull
                       off
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       Branches
                       of
                       the
                       others
                       that
                       are
                       over
                       vigorous
                       ,
                       after
                       they
                       are
                       well
                       cleared
                       of
                       Weeds
                       ;
                       Peas
                       that
                       are
                       disbranched
                       ,
                       bearing
                       a
                       more
                       plentiful
                       crop
                       than
                       others
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       bring
                       out
                       our
                       Orange-Trees
                       at
                       the
                       first
                       quarter
                       of
                       this
                       Months
                       Moon
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       weather
                       begin
                       to
                       be
                       secure
                       from
                       the
                       assaults
                       of
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       put
                       them
                       into
                       boxes
                       that
                       have
                       need
                       of
                       it
                       ;
                       I
                       referr
                       you
                       for
                       their
                       culture
                       to
                       the
                       Treatise
                       I
                       have
                       composed
                       expresly
                       about
                       that
                       subject
                       :
                       It
                       was
                       our
                       care
                       during
                       all
                       the
                       fair
                       days
                       in
                       April
                       ,
                       to
                       leave
                       open
                       the
                       windows
                       of
                       their
                       Conservatories
                       ,
                       to
                       accustom
                       them
                       by
                       degrees
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       open
                       Air.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       trim
                       our
                       Jasmins
                       when
                       we
                       bring
                       them
                       out
                       ,
                       cutting
                       off
                       all
                       their
                       Branches
                       to
                       the
                       length
                       of
                       half
                       an
                       Inch.
                       
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       clip
                       for
                       the
                       first
                       time
                       ,
                       our
                       palisades
                       ,
                       or
                       pole
                       hedges
                       of
                       
                         Box
                         ,
                         Filaria's
                         ,
                         Yew
                      
                       and
                       Espicia's
                       .
                    
                     
                       Above
                       all
                       things
                       ,
                       care
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       water
                       all
                       our
                       plants
                       largely
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       they
                       will
                       all
                       roast
                       and
                       scorch
                       ,
                       whereas
                       by
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       seasonable
                       waterings
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       visibly
                       perceive
                       them
                       thrive
                       .
                       We
                       also
                       now
                       water
                       new
                       planted
                       Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       a
                       hollow
                       Circle
                       of
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       round
                       about
                       the
                       extreamities
                       of
                       the
                       roots
                       ,
                       and
                       pour
                       into
                       it
                       some
                       pitchers
                       of
                       water
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       soak'd
                       in
                       ,
                       we
                       either
                       throw
                       back
                       the
                       Earth
                       into
                       the
                       Circle
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       little
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       renew
                       our
                       waterings
                       several
                       other
                       times
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       Trees
                       have
                       taken
                       fast
                       root
                       again
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       fill
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       Earth
                       again
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       begin
                       to
                       replant
                       our
                       Purslain
                       for
                       Seeding
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       trim
                       
                         Musk
                         Melons
                      
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       replant
                       no
                       more
                       of
                       them
                       after
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       But
                       we
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       plant
                       Cucumbers
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ;
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       plant
                       Cellery
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       use
                       two
                       ways
                       of
                       planting
                       it
                       ,
                       viz.
                       either
                       in
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       hollowed
                       into
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       planting
                       three
                       ranks
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       every
                       Bed
                       ,
                       and
                       placing
                       both
                       the
                       ranks
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Cellery
                       plants
                       at
                       about
                       a
                       foot
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       is
                       the
                       best
                       way
                       for
                       them
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       a
                       little
                       bigger
                       than
                       ordinary
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       we
                       may
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       raise
                       the
                       earth
                       about
                       them
                       afterwards
                       ,
                       with
                       that
                       which
                       was
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       furrows
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       was
                       thrown
                       upon
                       the
                       next
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       replant
                       them
                       on
                       plain
                       Ground
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       distance
                       as
                       before
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       binding
                       them
                       first
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       bands
                       ;
                       these
                       are
                       raised
                       in
                       tufts
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       replant
                       them
                       as
                       nigh
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       to
                       one
                       another
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       they
                       
                       may
                       be
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       covered
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       and
                       be
                       the
                       better
                       whitened
                       ,
                       and
                       defended
                       from
                       the
                       Frost
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       tie
                       our
                       Vines
                       to
                       their
                       props
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       nail
                       up
                       such
                       stocks
                       of
                       them
                       as
                       are
                       planted
                       by
                       Walls
                       ,
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       first
                       clear'd
                       them
                       of
                       all
                       their
                       feeble
                       ,
                       unprofitable
                       ,
                       and
                       unfruitful
                       Shoots
                       and
                       Sprigs
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       likewise
                       plant
                       single
                       Anemonies
                       ,
                       which
                       flower
                       a
                       Month
                       after
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       planted
                       some
                       every
                       Month
                       since
                       the
                       last
                       preceeding
                       August
                       ,
                       they
                       blowing
                       and
                       flowering
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       ,
                       if
                       not
                       hindered
                       by
                       an
                       extream
                       cold
                       Season
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       we
                       pick
                       off
                       ,
                       and
                       thin
                       our
                       Apricocks
                       when
                       there
                       are
                       too
                       many
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       never
                       leaving
                       two
                       close
                       together
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       those
                       we
                       leave
                       on
                       ,
                       may
                       grow
                       the
                       bigger
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       pick
                       off
                       ,
                       and
                       thin
                       our
                       Teaches
                       and
                       Pears
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       and
                       there
                       be
                       two
                       many
                       of
                       them
                       .
                       About
                       that
                       time
                       also
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       ensuing
                       Month
                       ,
                       the
                       first
                       bright
                       Cabbages
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       sown
                       for
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       ,
                       the
                       biggest
                       of
                       them
                       which
                       are
                       replanted
                       in
                       July
                       ,
                       being
                       to
                       be
                       eaten
                       in
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       less
                       vigorous
                       which
                       are
                       replanted
                       in
                       September
                       and
                       October
                       ,
                       being
                       to
                       serve
                       for
                       our
                       Winter
                       Provision
                       .
                    
                     
                       During
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       the
                       shoots
                       of
                       Wall-Trees
                       are
                       apt
                       enough
                       to
                       slide
                       themselves
                       behind
                       their
                       trails
                       or
                       props
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       said
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       shall
                       hardly
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       draw
                       them
                       out
                       again
                       without
                       breaking
                       them
                       ,
                       unless
                       we
                       do
                       it
                       in
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       be
                       careful
                       once
                       every
                       Week
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       an
                       exact
                       view
                       all
                       along
                       our
                       Walls
                       ,
                       to
                       remedy
                       so
                       mischievous
                       an
                       inconvenience
                       ,
                       against
                       which
                       too
                       much
                       caution
                       cannot
                       be
                       used
                       .
                       Many
                       Branches
                       grow
                       crooked
                       ,
                       rugged
                       ,
                       parched
                       ,
                       and
                       hooked
                       at
                       the
                       ends
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       Leaves
                       also
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       about
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       pull
                       off
                       those
                       Leaves
                       so
                       crumpled
                       and
                       hooked
                       ,
                       and
                       break
                       off
                       as
                       low
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       the
                       parched
                       shoots
                       ,
                       that
                       there
                       may
                       spring
                       others
                       instead
                       of
                       them
                       that
                       may
                       be
                       better
                       and
                       streighter
                       .
                       Fig-Trees
                       too
                       must
                       now
                       be
                       pruned
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       those
                       in
                       Boxes
                       ,
                       of
                       the
                       method
                       of
                       doing
                       which
                       ,
                       I
                       have
                       composed
                       a
                       particular
                       Treatise
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       few
                       Radishes
                       among
                       other
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       should
                       have
                       also
                       done
                       in
                       the
                       two
                       last
                       preceeding
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       now
                       take
                       the
                       advantage
                       of
                       some
                       gentle
                       Showers
                       ,
                       or
                       of
                       very
                       cloudy
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       uncover
                       what
                       we
                       have
                       sheltred
                       under
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       or
                       Frames
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       for
                       the
                       watering
                       of
                       our
                       Beds
                       ,
                       as
                       for
                       the
                       inuring
                       and
                       hardening
                       them
                       to
                       indure
                       the
                       open
                       Air.
                       
                    
                     
                       If
                       our
                       Garden
                       be
                       situated
                       in
                       a
                       Sandy
                       and
                       dry
                       Ground
                       ,
                       we
                       endeavour
                       by
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       some
                       little
                       Dykes
                       or
                       Gutters
                       ,
                       to
                       carry
                       off
                       all
                       the
                       water
                       that
                       falls
                       sometimes
                       in
                       hastly
                       Storms
                       ,
                       to
                       those
                       places
                       that
                       are
                       manured
                       ,
                       that
                       none
                       of
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       unprofitably
                       wasted
                       in
                       the
                       Walks
                       or
                       Allies
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       situated
                       in
                       Ground
                       that
                       is
                       too
                       strong
                       ,
                       fat
                       and
                       moist
                       ,
                       such
                       as
                       that
                       of
                       our
                       new
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       at
                       Versailles
                       ,
                       we
                       drain
                       it
                       away
                       from
                       those
                       Grounds
                       that
                       are
                       incommoded
                       by
                       it
                       ,
                       by
                       conveying
                       it
                       into
                       the
                       Walls
                       or
                       Allies
                       ,
                       to
                       spend
                       it self
                       there
                       ,
                       or
                       shooting
                       it
                       off
                       into
                       Stone
                       gutters
                       that
                       carry
                       it
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Garden
                       ;
                       for
                       which
                       purpose
                       we
                       must
                       raise
                       our
                       Ground
                       into
                       arch'd
                       ridges
                       .
                    
                     
                       During
                       all
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       lay
                       yellow
                       stock
                       Gilliflowers
                       ,
                       by
                       planting
                       cuttings
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       where
                       ever
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       laying
                       their
                       Branches
                       that
                       still
                       grow
                       to
                       their
                       Plants
                       .
                    
                     
                       Those
                       that
                       are
                       curious
                       in
                       Carnations
                       and
                       Clove-Gilliflowers
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       double
                       ones
                       ,
                       sow
                       some
                       good
                       Seeds
                       of
                       them
                       about
                       the
                       5
                       ,
                       6
                       ,
                       7
                       ,
                       or
                       8th
                       .
                       of
                       May
                       Moon
                       ,
                       in
                       earthen
                       Pans
                       ,
                       or
                       wooden
                       Tubs
                       ,
                       that
                       at
                       least
                       they
                       may
                       begin
                       to
                       sprout
                       at
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       ,
                       which
                       sometimes
                       happens
                       in
                       June
                       ,
                       but
                       most
                       commonly
                       in
                       May
                       ,
                       those
                       plants
                       ought
                       to
                       grow
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       be
                       removed
                       in
                       September
                       ,
                       into
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       they
                       may
                       have
                       taken
                       Ground
                       before
                       the
                       Equinox
                       ;
                       others
                       again
                       content
                       themselves
                       with
                       sowing
                       their
                       Seeds
                       before
                       the
                       Equinox
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       should
                       likewise
                       replant
                       before
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       some
                       
                         green
                         curled
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Aubervilliers
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       together
                       with
                       the
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Imperial
                         Long-Lettuce
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       also
                       at
                       this
                       time
                       endeavour
                       to
                       destroy
                       the
                       thick
                       white
                       Worms
                       ,
                       which
                       now
                       spoil
                       the
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       take
                       away
                       the
                       green
                       Caterpillars
                       ,
                       which
                       quite
                       cat
                       up
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       the
                       Curran
                       and
                       
                         Gooseberry
                         bushes
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       spoil
                       their
                       Fruit.
                       
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       also
                       thin
                       those
                       Roots
                       that
                       grow
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       replant
                       those
                       we
                       have
                       plucked
                       up
                       in
                       another
                       place
                       ,
                       as
                       Beet-raves
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red
                         Beet-Roots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                     
                       We
                       may
                       replant
                       
                         Daisies
                         ,
                         Bears-Ears
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       white
                       double
                       Narcissus's
                       ,
                       though
                       in
                       Flower
                       ,
                       that
                       not
                       at
                       all
                       hindering
                       them
                       from
                       taking
                       Root
                       again
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       June
                       .
                    
                     
                       IHere
                       repeat
                       the
                       same
                       Caution
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       given
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Works
                       of
                       each
                       Month
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       careful
                       to
                       do
                       that
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       could
                       not
                       do
                       in
                       the
                       last
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       must
                       moreover
                       continue
                       all
                       the
                       same
                       Works
                       ,
                       excepting
                       hot
                       Beds
                       for
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       which
                       now
                       have
                       no
                       longer
                       need
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       may
                       still
                       make
                       some
                       for
                       the
                       latter
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       also
                       plant
                       some
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       twelfth
                       or
                       fifteenth
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       well
                       watered
                       ,
                       will
                       serve
                       for
                       the
                       next
                       Spring
                       .
                       Waterings
                       are
                       to
                       no
                       purpose
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       soak
                       not
                       to
                       the
                       Root
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       the
                       deeper
                       the
                       Plant
                       is
                       rooted
                       ,
                       the
                       more
                       plentifully
                       must
                       it
                       be
                       watered
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       dry
                       Ground
                       ,
                       for
                       in
                       wet
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       watered
                       both
                       less
                       often
                       ,
                       and
                       less
                       plentifully
                       .
                       For
                       example
                       ,
                       Artichokes
                       growing
                       in
                       light
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       have
                       need
                       of
                       a
                       Pitcher
                       full
                       or
                       two
                       of
                       Water
                       ,
                       for
                       each
                       Plant
                       ,
                       whereas
                       in
                       stronger
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       one
                       pitcher
                       full
                       will
                       serve
                       three
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       we
                       plant
                       Leeks
                       in
                       Holes
                       or
                       Trenches
                       six
                       full
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       at
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       's
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       done
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       ,
                       placing
                       but
                       one
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       each
                       hole
                       ,
                       without
                       heeding
                       to
                       press
                       down
                       the
                       Earth
                       close
                       about
                       the
                       Leek
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       have
                       done
                       ,
                       as
                       is
                       practised
                       to
                       all
                       other
                       Plants
                       that
                       are
                       set
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       Endive
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Genua
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       be
                       furnisht
                       with
                       some
                       to
                       replant
                       upon
                       occasion
                       ,
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       gather
                       the
                       Chervil
                       that
                       is
                       the
                       first
                       that
                       runs
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       from
                       the
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       that
                       was
                       sown
                       the
                       Autumn
                       before
                       ,
                       cutting
                       off
                       all
                       the
                       Seed
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       dried
                       ,
                       threshing
                       out
                       the
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       fanning
                       it
                       like
                       Wheat
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       same
                       method
                       is
                       practised
                       with
                       all
                       Seeds
                       that
                       are
                       gathered
                       each
                       in
                       their
                       proper
                       Seasons
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       July
                       and
                       August
                       ,
                       taking
                       great
                       care
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       Birds
                       ,
                       who
                       are
                       very
                       greedy
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       from
                       devouring
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       
                         Beet
                         Chards
                      
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       good
                       to
                       eat
                       in
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       are
                       best
                       placed
                       in
                       the
                       void
                       space
                       remaining
                       between
                       the
                       
                         Artichoke
                         Ranks
                      
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       set
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       a
                       Foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       take
                       great
                       care
                       to
                       extirpate
                       all
                       the
                       Weeds
                       which
                       now
                       grow
                       up
                       in
                       abundance
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       particularly
                       before
                       they
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       their
                       multiplying
                       which
                       they
                       are
                       apt
                       to
                       do
                       but
                       too
                       much
                       of
                       themselves
                       without
                       sowing
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       now
                       also
                       without
                       further
                       delay
                       ,
                       clip
                       all
                       our
                       Palisade's
                       ,
                       and
                       edgings
                       of
                       Box
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       be
                       all
                       furnisht
                       at
                       furthest
                       at
                       Mid-Summer
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       time
                       to
                       shoot
                       out
                       again
                       before
                       Autumn
                       ;
                       and
                       we
                       must
                       liberally
                       water
                       all
                       Seeds
                       sown
                       in
                       our
                       
                         Kitchen
                         Gardens
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       water
                       plentifully
                       ,
                       and
                       every
                       day
                       the
                       Cucumbers
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Musk-melons
                       moderately
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       times
                       a
                       Week
                       ,
                       allowing
                       half
                       a
                       pitcher
                       full
                       of
                       Water
                       to
                       each
                       Plant.
                       
                    
                     
                       From
                       the
                       very
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       graff
                       by
                       Inoculation
                       ,
                       our
                       Stone-Fruit-Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       Cherries
                       upon
                       great
                       Trees
                       ,
                       upon
                       Wood
                       of
                       two
                       years
                       growth
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       cut
                       off
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       inches
                       from
                       the
                       place
                       where
                       the
                       Scutcheon
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       placed
                       .
                       The
                       best
                       time
                       for
                       this
                       ,
                       is
                       always
                       before
                       the
                       Solstice
                       .
                    
                     
                       Gross
                       Soils
                       must
                       be
                       often
                       stirred
                       and
                       manured
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       not
                       have
                       time
                       to
                       grow
                       hard
                       ,
                       and
                       chap
                       ,
                       commonly
                       we
                       bestow
                       an
                       universal
                       manuring
                       or
                       stirring
                       up
                       the
                       Ground
                       upon
                       all
                       our
                       Gardens
                       in
                       this
                       Season
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       best
                       time
                       to
                       stir
                       dry
                       Grounds
                       in
                       ,
                       is
                       either
                       a
                       little
                       before
                       or
                       after
                       Rain
                       ,
                       or
                       even
                       whilst
                       it
                       rains
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       water
                       may
                       the
                       more
                       swiftly
                       penetrate
                       to
                       the
                       bottom
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       comes
                       to
                       turn
                       it
                       into
                       Vapors
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       strong
                       and
                       moist
                       Soils
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       wait
                       for
                       hot
                       and
                       dry
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       dry
                       and
                       heat
                       them
                       ,
                       before
                       we
                       move
                       them
                       ,
                       carefull
                       Gard'ners
                       make
                       Dykes
                       to
                       convey
                       the
                       gluts
                       of
                       Water
                       that
                       fall
                       about
                       this
                       time
                       in
                       hasty
                       Storms
                       ,
                       a
                       cross
                       their
                       Squares
                       ,
                       especially
                       if
                       their
                       Ground
                       be
                       light
                       ;
                       but
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       too
                       strong
                       ,
                       they
                       drain
                       the
                       water
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Squares
                       ,
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       said
                       already
                       ,
                       when
                       I
                       was
                       speaking
                       of
                       the
                       works
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       Persons
                       curious
                       in
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       and
                       Clove-gilliflowers
                       ,
                       should
                       have
                       begun
                       before
                       this
                       time
                       to
                       put
                       Rings
                       about
                       each
                       plant
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       up
                       their
                       mounting
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       hinder
                       the
                       Winds
                       from
                       breaking
                       off
                       their
                       Buds
                       or
                       Buttons
                       ,
                       the
                       like
                       they
                       do
                       to
                       their
                       Sedums
                       ,
                       &c.
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       have
                       not
                       yet
                       done
                       it
                       ,
                       they
                       do
                       it
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       only
                       take
                       off
                       
                       from
                       them
                       the
                       small
                       Buds
                       that
                       grow
                       upon
                       them
                       in
                       over
                       great
                       Numbers
                       ,
                       to
                       fortifie
                       the
                       principal
                       ones
                       ,
                       but
                       likewise
                       the
                       greatest
                       part
                       of
                       the
                       mounting
                       stems
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       preserve
                       only
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       fairest
                       ,
                       and
                       most
                       likely
                       ,
                       to
                       produce
                       the
                       most
                       beautiful
                       Flowers
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       destroy
                       the
                       thick
                       white
                       Worms
                       that
                       spoil
                       the
                       Strawberries
                       and
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuce
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       carefully
                       cultivate
                       our
                       Orange-Trees
                       ,
                       according
                       to
                       the
                       method
                       prescribed
                       in
                       the
                       Treatise
                       I
                       have
                       composed
                       purposely
                       on
                       that
                       Subject
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       
                         Wild
                         Purslain
                      
                       begins
                       to
                       appear
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       lasts
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       carefully
                       scraped
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       take
                       up
                       our
                       Tulip
                       Roots
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       their
                       Leaves
                       being
                       then
                       withered
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       disbranch
                       Harico's
                       or
                       French-Beans
                       ,
                       and
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       Peas
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       fit
                       to
                       eat
                       in
                       September
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       THis
                       Month
                       likewise
                       requires
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       application
                       and
                       activity
                       in
                       a
                       Gard'ner
                       ,
                       to
                       do
                       all
                       that
                       he
                       could
                       not
                       do
                       the
                       last
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       continue
                       still
                       all
                       the
                       same
                       Works
                       ,
                       but
                       only
                       the
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                       Now
                       the
                       great
                       heats
                       without
                       waterings
                       ,
                       do
                       very
                       great
                       damage
                       ,
                       but
                       being
                       allayed
                       with
                       frequent
                       waterings
                       ,
                       give
                       Birth
                       to
                       very
                       fine
                       Productions
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       many
                       sorts
                       of
                       Seeds
                       are
                       gathered
                       ,
                       and
                       Endive
                       is
                       sown
                       for
                       the
                       provision
                       of
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       .
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       
                         Royal
                         Lettuce
                      
                       to
                       have
                       it
                       good
                       for
                       use
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       Ciboules
                       ,
                       and
                       white
                       Beets
                       for
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       few
                       Radishes
                       in
                       cool
                       Places
                       ,
                       or
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       extreamly
                       well
                       watered
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       fit
                       to
                       eat
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       the
                       Season
                       be
                       very
                       dry
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       to
                       graff
                       by
                       inoculation
                       of
                       a
                       Dormant
                       Bud
                       ,
                       upon
                       Quince-trees
                       ,
                       and
                       Plum-Trees
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       replant
                       White
                       or
                       
                         Bright
                         Cabbages
                      
                       for
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       more
                       
                         Lettuce
                         Royal.
                      
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       for
                       the
                       last
                       time
                       ,
                       our
                       Square
                       Peas
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       to
                       spend
                       in
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       this
                       Month
                       particularly
                       ,
                       Peach-Trees
                       produce
                       several
                       shoots
                       .
                       About
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       lay
                       our
                       Clove-gilliflowers
                       and
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       if
                       their
                       Branches
                       be
                       strong
                       enough
                       to
                       bear
                       it
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       we
                       must
                       stay
                       till
                       August
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       From
                       the
                       very
                       middle
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       Spinage
                       to
                       be
                       ready
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       Mâches
                       for
                       
                         Winter
                         Sallets
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Shell-Lettuces
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       Provision
                       of
                       Cabbage-Lettuces
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       the
                       Winter
                       Season
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       Strawberry
                       Plants
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       Places
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       had
                       raised
                       in
                       Tufts
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       gather
                       Lettuce
                       and
                       Radish
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       a
                       part
                       of
                       their
                       Pods
                       appears
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       pull
                       up
                       their
                       Plants
                       ,
                       and
                       lay
                       the
                       whole
                       a
                       drying
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       gather
                       the
                       Seeds
                       of
                       
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Ciboules
                         ,
                         Onions
                         ,
                         Shalots
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Rocamboles
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Spanish
                         Garlick
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Radishes
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       for
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       some
                       Cabbage
                       in
                       some
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       to
                       remove
                       into
                       a
                       Nursery
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       other
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ,
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       to
                       pass
                       the
                       Winter
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       be
                       replanted
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       places
                       in
                       the
                       following
                       Spring
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       long
                       ,
                       some
                       Shell-Lettuces
                       in
                       some
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       replant
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       or
                       beginning
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       to
                       remain
                       under
                       some
                       good
                       shelter
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       ready
                       hardned
                       to
                       the
                       cold
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       again
                       after
                       Winter
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       or
                       upon
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ;
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       Winter
                       be
                       very
                       cold
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       covered
                       with
                       long
                       Litter
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       sow
                       Onions
                       to
                       have
                       good
                       ones
                       the
                       next
                       year
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       which
                       it
                       is
                       best
                       to
                       replant
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       next
                       following
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       now
                       water
                       liberally
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       Endive
                       at
                       a
                       large
                       foot
                       distance
                       between
                       Plant
                       and
                       Plant
                       ,
                       as
                       also
                       Royal
                       and
                       
                         Perpignan
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       very
                       good
                       in
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Mâches
                       for
                       Lent.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       replant
                       Winter
                       Cabbages
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       shear
                       our
                       Palisade's
                       the
                       second
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       nail
                       up
                       our
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       little
                       and
                       little
                       ,
                       to
                       uncover
                       those
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       tinged
                       with
                       much
                       Red
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Peaches
                         ,
                         Api
                         Apples
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       tye
                       up
                       our
                       Endive
                       with
                       one
                       ,
                       two
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       three
                       bands
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       very
                       high
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       uppermost
                       Band
                       must
                       be
                       always
                       looser
                       than
                       the
                       rest
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       the
                       Lettuce
                       will
                       burst
                       in
                       the
                       sides
                       whilst
                       it
                       is
                       whitening
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       August
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       cover
                       with
                       compost
                       ,
                       the
                       Sorrel
                       that
                       was
                       cut
                       very
                       close
                       to
                       recruit
                       its
                       vigour
                       ,
                       a
                       good
                       Inch's
                       thickness
                       of
                       Compost
                       is
                       enough
                       to
                       strew
                       all
                       over
                       it
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       would
                       be
                       apt
                       to
                       rot
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       should
                       use
                       more
                       to
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       sowing
                       of
                       
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Chervil
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Ciboules
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       pluck
                       off
                       the
                       runners
                       of
                       Strawberry
                       Plants
                       ,
                       to
                       preserve
                       their
                       old
                       Stocks
                       in
                       the
                       greater
                       vigour
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       their
                       Fruit
                       is
                       past
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       we
                       cut
                       away
                       all
                       the
                       old
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       old
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       produce
                       new
                       ones
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       cut
                       away
                       all
                       the
                       old
                       Stems
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Artichokes
                       are
                       taken
                       off
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       sowing
                       of
                       Spinage
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       take
                       our
                       Onions
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       their
                       Stems
                       begin
                       to
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       let
                       them
                       lie
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       days
                       a
                       drying
                       in
                       the
                       Air
                       ,
                       before
                       we
                       lay
                       them
                       up
                       in
                       our
                       Granary
                       ,
                       or
                       some
                       other
                       dry
                       place
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       bind
                       them
                       up
                       in
                       Ropes
                       ,
                       because
                       otherwise
                       they
                       would
                       ferment
                       and
                       rot
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       were
                       laid
                       up
                       before
                       they
                       were
                       dry
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       gather
                       our
                       Shalots
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       draw
                       our
                       Garlick
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       August
                       the
                       Florists
                       set
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       their
                       Jacinths
                       ,
                       fair
                       Anemonies
                       and
                       Ranunculus's
                       or
                       
                         Crow-foots
                         ,
                         Junquills
                         ,
                         Totus
                         Albus's
                      
                       and
                       Imperials
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       destroy
                       both
                       ordinary
                       Flies
                       and
                       Wasps
                       which
                       eat
                       the
                       Figs
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Muscat
                         Grapes
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       ,
                       we
                       tye
                       some
                       Bottles
                       or
                       Cucurbit-glasses
                       full
                       of
                       water
                       mixed
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       Honey
                       ,
                       to
                       some
                       of
                       their
                       Branches
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       ,
                       those
                       insects
                       being
                       allured
                       by
                       the
                       sweetness
                       of
                       the
                       Honey
                       ,
                       enter
                       into
                       the
                       necks
                       of
                       those
                       Glasses
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       perish
                       in
                       that
                       mixture
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       emptied
                       and
                       shifted
                       with
                       new
                       Water
                       ,
                       as
                       often
                       as
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       fill
                       with
                       those
                       little
                       unlucky
                       insects
                       .
                    
                     
                       Though
                       the
                       first
                       Bud
                       of
                       a
                       Clove-gilliflower
                       or
                       Carnation
                       is
                       beautiful
                       and
                       Promising
                       ,
                       it
                       do's
                       not
                       follow
                       thence
                       ,
                       that
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       will
                       be
                       so
                       too
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Beauties
                       of
                       a
                       Carnation
                       are
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       high
                       and
                       tall
                       ,
                       well
                       burnisht
                       and
                       garnisht
                       ,
                       well
                       ranged
                       ,
                       of
                       a
                       lovely
                       colour
                       ,
                       well
                       plumed
                       and
                       displayed
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       a
                       perfectly
                       Velvet-like
                       softness
                       to
                       the
                       Touch.
                       
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       tread
                       down
                       the
                       stems
                       of
                       Onions
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       Beet-raves
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red
                         Beet
                         Roots
                         ,
                         Carots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       take
                       off
                       their
                       Leaves
                       quite
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       their
                       Roots
                       grow
                       the
                       bigger
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       by
                       hindering
                       their
                       Sap
                       from
                       spending
                       it self
                       above
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       still
                       a
                       good
                       Season
                       enough
                       to
                       lay
                       Clove-gilliflowers
                       and
                       Carnations
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       THE
                       Ground
                       in
                       Gardens
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       should
                       be
                       universally
                       covered
                       all
                       over
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       there
                       should
                       be
                       not
                       so
                       much
                       as
                       the
                       least
                       spot
                       in
                       it
                       without
                       some
                       Kitchen
                       and
                       Esculent
                       Plants
                       ,
                       whether
                       sown
                       or
                       replanted
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       not
                       altogether
                       so
                       necessary
                       in
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Months
                       ,
                       both
                       because
                       we
                       then
                       reserve
                       a
                       good
                       part
                       of
                       our
                       Ground
                       for
                       Winter
                       Plants
                       ,
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       
                         Lettuces
                         ,
                         Endive
                         ,
                         Peas
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       and
                       because
                       some
                       plants
                       require
                       a
                       very
                       considerable
                       time
                       to
                       arrive
                       to
                       perfection
                       in
                       ,
                       and
                       would
                       not
                       have
                       enough
                       if
                       they
                       were
                       allowed
                       less
                       than
                       to
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       the
                       works
                       of
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       make
                       
                         hot
                         Beds
                      
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       replant
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       Endive
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       closer
                       together
                       now
                       than
                       in
                       the
                       foregoing
                       Months
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       we
                       place
                       them
                       at
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       's
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       because
                       now
                       their
                       Tufts
                       grow
                       not
                       so
                       large
                       as
                       before
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       They
                       must
                       be
                       replanted
                       in
                       almost
                       all
                       the
                       spare
                       places
                       from
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       or
                       twentieth
                       day
                       .
                       At
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       Spinage
                       the
                       third
                       time
                       ,
                       which
                       will
                       be
                       good
                       in
                       Lent
                       ,
                       and
                       even
                       in
                       the
                       Rogation
                       season
                       following
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       planting
                       
                         Winter
                         Cabbages
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Greener
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       likewise
                       still
                       about
                       Mid-September
                       ,
                       sow
                       some
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       of
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       and
                       replant
                       some
                       old
                       ,
                       there
                       being
                       yet
                       time
                       enough
                       for
                       it
                       to
                       attain
                       to
                       a
                       sufficient
                       vigour
                       before
                       the
                       first
                       Frosts
                       come
                       .
                    
                     
                       During
                       this
                       whole
                       Month
                       we
                       continue
                       to
                       remove
                       Straw-berry
                       Plants
                       out
                       of
                       our
                       Nurseries
                       ,
                       to
                       reimplace
                       those
                       tufts
                       which
                       are
                       dead
                       in
                       our
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       immediately
                       water
                       them
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       must
                       do
                       all
                       Plants
                       which
                       we
                       set
                       a
                       new
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       set
                       some
                       in
                       Pots
                       towards
                       the
                       twentieth
                       day
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       intend
                       to
                       force
                       any
                       in
                       the
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       graff
                       Peach-Trees
                       upon
                       Almond-Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       upon
                       other
                       Peach-Trees
                       as
                       they
                       stand
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       to
                       remain
                       ;
                       the
                       sap
                       being
                       then
                       too
                       much
                       diminished
                       to
                       be
                       in
                       any
                       capacity
                       to
                       overflow
                       the
                       Scutcheons
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       tie
                       up
                       first
                       with
                       Osier
                       wit
                       hs
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       towards
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       carefully
                       wrap
                       up
                       with
                       long
                       Litter
                       ,
                       or
                       new
                       straw
                       ,
                       some
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       whitened
                       or
                       Blanched
                       about
                       fifteen
                       or
                       twenty
                       days
                       after
                       ;
                       But
                       great
                       care
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       in
                       wraping
                       them
                       up
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       perfectly
                       upright
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       they
                       will
                       overset
                       ,
                       and
                       snap
                       in
                       sunder
                       on
                       one
                       side
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       hinder
                       the
                       winds
                       from
                       laying
                       them
                       on
                       one
                       side
                       too
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       fenced
                       with
                       a
                       Bank
                       of
                       Earth
                       of
                       about
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       high
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       plant
                       Cabbages
                       in
                       Nurseries
                       ,
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltred
                       place
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       replant
                       them
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       places
                       assoon
                       as
                       the
                       Winter
                       is
                       over
                       .
                    
                     
                       From
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       to
                       the
                       end
                       ,
                       and
                       till
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       we
                       replant
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuces
                      
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       and
                       especially
                       near
                       the
                       foot
                       of
                       some
                       Southern
                       and
                       
                         Eastern
                         Wall
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       Cabbage
                       for
                       our
                       spending
                       in
                       Lent
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Months
                       of
                       April
                       and
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       bind
                       up
                       our
                       Cellery
                       with
                       one
                       or
                       two
                       bands
                       below
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       raise
                       a
                       Butt
                       or
                       Bank
                       about
                       it
                       ,
                       either
                       with
                       very
                       dry
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       very
                       dry
                       Earth
                       ,
                       to
                       whiten
                       it
                       ;
                       but
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       a
                       care
                       not
                       to
                       tie
                       it
                       up
                       but
                       in
                       very
                       dry
                       weather
                       .
                       The
                       same
                       caution
                       must
                       be
                       observed
                       in
                       all
                       Plants
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       tied
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       cut
                       off
                       the
                       extreamity
                       of
                       the
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       sap
                       from
                       ascending
                       and
                       spending
                       it self
                       to
                       no
                       purpose
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       it
                       is
                       kept
                       down
                       in
                       the
                       Buried
                       Plant
                       ,
                       and
                       makes
                       it
                       grow
                       thick
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       now
                       tie
                       up
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       some
                       Collyflowers
                       whose
                       Fruit
                       seems
                       to
                       begin
                       to
                       be
                       formed
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       cover
                       with
                       compost
                       ,
                       the
                       Sorrel
                       which
                       has
                       been
                       cut
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Maches
                       for
                       Lent
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       Reponces
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       worth
                       the
                       while
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       a
                       Garden
                       because
                       there
                       are
                       enough
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       time
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       found
                       in
                       the
                       Corn
                       Fields
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       hedge
                       sides
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       particularly
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       all
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       that
                       Gard'ners
                       most
                       desire
                       rain
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       destroy
                       Flies
                       and
                       Wasps
                       that
                       eat
                       the
                       
                         Figs
                         ,
                         Muscat
                         Grapes
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Pears
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       &c.
                       with
                       Bottles
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Cucurbit
                         Glasses
                      
                       of
                       Honied
                       Water
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       sow
                       Poppies
                       and
                       
                         Larks
                         Heels
                      
                       in
                       Flower
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       Flower
                       in
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       July
                       ,
                       before
                       them
                       that
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       In
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       precedent
                       one
                       ,
                       we
                       replant
                       Endive
                       among
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       these
                       latter
                       having
                       commonly
                       performed
                       their
                       duty
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       Endive
                       is
                       come
                       to
                       its
                       full
                       growth
                       .
                       Waterings
                       must
                       be
                       continued
                       as
                       long
                       as
                       the
                       weather
                       is
                       Hot
                       and
                       dry
                       .
                    
                     
                       Good
                       
                         Winter
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       if
                       our
                       Garden
                       be
                       in
                       a
                       sandy
                       Soil
                       ,
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       from
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       to
                       St.
                       Lambert's
                       Day
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       seventeenth
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       a
                       stronger
                       and
                       heavier
                       Soil
                       ,
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       a
                       little
                       sooner
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       always
                       very
                       thin
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       a
                       Month's
                       time
                       ,
                       it
                       may
                       grow
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       remove
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       about
                       as
                       thick
                       as
                       ones
                       Finger
                       .
                       It
                       should
                       be
                       planted
                       till
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       at
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       Inches
                       distance
                       between
                       Plant
                       and
                       Plant
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       replanted
                       a
                       second
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       nearer
                       together
                       ,
                       afterwards
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       September
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       deep
                       in
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       dry
                       and
                       sandy
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       in
                       a
                       sloping
                       Ground
                       ,
                       without
                       cutting
                       off
                       any
                       thing
                       from
                       the
                       Root
                       ,
                       which
                       has
                       produced
                       a
                       little
                       tuft
                       ,
                       and
                       it
                       must
                       
                       be
                       covered
                       in
                       frosty
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       cold
                       from
                       rotting
                       it
                       to
                       the
                       very
                       Heart
                       ,
                       which
                       caution
                       being
                       observed
                       ,
                       it
                       will
                       keep
                       till
                       Lent
                       ,
                       whereas
                       Endive
                       that
                       is
                       come
                       to
                       its
                       full
                       growth
                       before
                       the
                       bitter
                       cold
                       weather
                       ,
                       will
                       not
                       keep
                       at
                       all
                       in
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       WE
                       continue
                       the
                       same
                       Works
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Month
                       ,
                       except
                       Graffing
                       ,
                       the
                       Season
                       for
                       which
                       is
                       now
                       past
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       are
                       particularly
                       busie
                       in
                       preparing
                       Cellery
                       and
                       Cardons
                       ;
                       we
                       plant
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       
                         Winter
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       too
                       upon
                       old
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       force
                       them
                       so
                       as
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       good
                       for
                       our
                       eating
                       about
                       Martlemas
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       tenth
                       or
                       twelfth
                       day
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       some
                       Spinage
                       to
                       be
                       ready
                       for
                       the
                       Rogation
                       Season
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       our
                       last
                       Chervil
                       upon
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       come
                       up
                       before
                       the
                       great
                       Frosts
                       ,
                       and
                       may
                       yield
                       Seed
                       betimes
                       the
                       next
                       Year
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       did
                       not
                       do
                       it
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       down
                       our
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       apply
                       our selves
                       to
                       making
                       of
                       Stacks
                       or
                       large
                       Cocks
                       of
                       the
                       mouldiest
                       Dung
                       ,
                       to
                       raise
                       Mushrooms
                       on
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       plant
                       
                         Winter
                         Cabbages
                      
                       on
                       those
                       Stacks
                       ,
                       we
                       lay
                       aside
                       all
                       the
                       Mold
                       or
                       made
                       Earth
                       ,
                       to
                       use
                       again
                       when
                       we
                       make
                       new
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       carry
                       away
                       the
                       rottenest
                       Dung
                       to
                       those
                       Grounds
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       dunged
                       .
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       we
                       carry
                       back
                       into
                       their
                       Houses
                       our
                       
                         Orange-Trees
                         ,
                         Tuberoses
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Jasmins
                       ,
                       placing
                       them
                       there
                       with
                       some
                       agreeable
                       Symmetry
                       ,
                       leaving
                       the
                       Windows
                       open
                       in
                       the
                       day
                       ,
                       so
                       long
                       as
                       it
                       freezes
                       not
                       ,
                       but
                       keeping
                       them
                       always
                       carefully
                       shut
                       at
                       Night
                       ,
                       till
                       at
                       last
                       we
                       shut
                       them
                       up
                       quite
                       ,
                       and
                       carefully
                       dam
                       up
                       both
                       them
                       and
                       the
                       Doors
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       lay
                       the
                       Tuberose
                       Pots
                       upon
                       their
                       Sides
                       to
                       drain
                       them
                       from
                       the
                       Water
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Roots
                       of
                       those
                       plants
                       may
                       not
                       rot
                       in
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       plant
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Trees
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       their
                       Leaves
                       are
                       fallen
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       still
                       continue
                       to
                       plant
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       
                         Winter
                         Lettuces
                      
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       Place
                       ,
                       and
                       on
                       some
                       good
                       Borders
                       ,
                       at
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       Inches
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       there
                       usually
                       perishing
                       enough
                       of
                       them
                       to
                       prevent
                       our
                       Complaints
                       of
                       their
                       growing
                       too
                       thick
                       together
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       the
                       Florists
                       plant
                       their
                       Tulips
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       other
                       Bulbous
                       Roots
                       not
                       yet
                       set
                       into
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       this
                       Month
                       we
                       must
                       perform
                       our
                       last
                       manuring
                       and
                       turning
                       up
                       of
                       strong
                       ,
                       heavy
                       ,
                       and
                       moist
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       destroy
                       the
                       Weeds
                       ,
                       and
                       give
                       an
                       Air
                       of
                       neatness
                       and
                       agreeableness
                       to
                       our
                       Gardens
                       in
                       this
                       Season
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Country
                       is
                       more
                       visited
                       by
                       all
                       the
                       World
                       than
                       at
                       any
                       other
                       time
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       make
                       that
                       sort
                       of
                       Ground
                       timely
                       contract
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Crust
                       ,
                       that
                       may
                       hinder
                       the
                       Winter
                       waters
                       from
                       so
                       easily
                       penetrating
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       ,
                       may
                       shoot
                       them
                       off
                       down
                       to
                       places
                       of
                       a
                       lower
                       Situation
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       our
                       Hostilities
                       against
                       the
                       Wasps
                       that
                       destroy
                       the
                       Figs
                       and
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       good
                       Plums
                       and
                       Pears
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       cut
                       old
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       may
                       spring
                       afresh
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       now
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       towards
                       the
                       South
                       or
                       East
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       those
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       &c.
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       made
                       use
                       of
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       or
                       early
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       upon
                       Condition
                       they
                       be
                       well
                       covered
                       when
                       sown
                       ,
                       against
                       the
                       cold
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       shall
                       be
                       time
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       IN
                       this
                       Month
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       force
                       an
                       
                         Artificial
                         Spring
                      
                       by
                       the
                       means
                       of
                       our
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       upon
                       which
                       we
                       sow
                       little
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Small
                         Lettuce
                      
                       to
                       cut
                       ,
                       
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       plant
                       Lettuce
                       to
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       under
                       Bells
                       or
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       replant
                       upon
                       them
                       ,
                       
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Tarragon
                      
                       and
                       Balm
                       Plants
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       wild
                       Endive
                       or
                       Succory
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Macedonian
                         Parsly
                      
                       .
                       We
                       also
                       sow
                       in
                       them
                       
                         Peas
                         ,
                         Beans
                         ,
                         Parsly
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Burnet
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       weather
                       still
                       continue
                       pretty
                       fair
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       planting
                       Lettuces
                       in
                       places
                       of
                       good
                       shelter
                       .
                    
                     
                       This
                       is
                       peculiarly
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       the
                       greatest
                       Work
                       and
                       Labour
                       of
                       all
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       the
                       avoiding
                       the
                       inconvenience
                       of
                       wanting
                       Garden
                       necessaries
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       an
                       ordinary
                       Companion
                       in
                       this
                       dead
                       Season
                       ,
                       to
                       those
                       that
                       have
                       been
                       wanting
                       in
                       timely
                       foresight
                       ;
                       for
                       in
                       
                       earnest
                       the
                       Cold
                       fails
                       not
                       to
                       make
                       great
                       Havock
                       in
                       the
                       Gardens
                       of
                       the
                       lazy
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       how
                       flatteringly
                       fair
                       soever
                       the
                       weather
                       appear
                       ,
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       some
                       dry
                       long
                       Dung
                       brought
                       and
                       laid
                       near
                       the
                       
                         Endive
                         ,
                         Artichokes
                         ,
                         Chard
                         Beets
                         ,
                         Cellery
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Roots
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       that
                       being
                       ready
                       at
                       hand
                       ,
                       it
                       may
                       with
                       the
                       more
                       facility
                       in
                       few
                       hours
                       be
                       thrown
                       upon
                       every
                       thing
                       that
                       needs
                       it
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       their
                       destruction
                       ;
                       and
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       Cold
                       begins
                       to
                       declare
                       it self
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       begin
                       to
                       cover
                       our
                       Fig-Trees
                       .
                    
                     
                       Now
                       is
                       the
                       proper
                       time
                       to
                       make
                       Plantations
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       
                         Goose-berry
                         ,
                         Curran
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Rasp-berry
                         Shrubs
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       't
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       continue
                       on
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       be
                       when
                       it
                       Freezes
                       hard
                       ,
                       or
                       when
                       the
                       Earth
                       is
                       covered
                       with
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       Snow
                       .
                    
                     
                       During
                       all
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       set
                       Trees
                       and
                       Shrubs
                       in
                       Baskets
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       dispose
                       of
                       in
                       some
                       particular
                       place
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       towards
                       the
                       Northern
                       quarter
                       .
                       We
                       set
                       in
                       them
                       Standards
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       Dwarfs
                       ,
                       keeping
                       an
                       exact
                       account
                       in
                       writing
                       of
                       the
                       order
                       of
                       the
                       several
                       kinds
                       .
                       These
                       Baskets
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       placed
                       at
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       be
                       so
                       well
                       interred
                       ,
                       that
                       but
                       just
                       their
                       Brims
                       at
                       most
                       may
                       be
                       discerned
                       above
                       Ground
                       :
                       And
                       we
                       couch
                       in
                       those
                       Baskets
                       ,
                       such
                       Trees
                       as
                       are
                       designed
                       for
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       just
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       if
                       we
                       were
                       actually
                       planting
                       them
                       by
                       Walls
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       designed
                       to
                       be
                       planted
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Air
                       ,
                       we
                       place
                       upright
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       the
                       Baskets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Assoon
                       as
                       the
                       Frosts
                       begin
                       to
                       appear
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       use
                       the
                       long
                       Dung
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       been
                       carefull
                       to
                       order
                       to
                       be
                       brought
                       and
                       laid
                       ready
                       in
                       needfull
                       places
                       ;
                       for
                       example
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       for
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       keep
                       them
                       a
                       little
                       elevated
                       towards
                       the
                       North
                       ,
                       to
                       serve
                       them
                       instead
                       of
                       a
                       small
                       shelter
                       ,
                       till
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       quite
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       pressed
                       with
                       work
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       elsewhere
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       presently
                       ,
                       always
                       taking
                       care
                       however
                       before
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       cut
                       off
                       all
                       that
                       is
                       withered
                       from
                       them
                       .
                       A
                       little
                       of
                       this
                       Dung
                       serves
                       against
                       the
                       first
                       attacks
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       redouble
                       our
                       coverings
                       as
                       the
                       Cold
                       augments
                       .
                       They
                       which
                       are
                       not
                       provided
                       with
                       that
                       sort
                       of
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       may
                       use
                       instead
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       such
                       dry
                       Leaves
                       as
                       are
                       gathered
                       up
                       in
                       the
                       neighbouring
                       Woods
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       to
                       whiten
                       for
                       Chards
                       any
                       of
                       the
                       biggest
                       of
                       those
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       ,
                       we
                       tie
                       them
                       below
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Bands
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       wrap
                       them
                       about
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       straw
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       bind
                       over
                       them
                       again
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       have
                       already
                       directed
                       when
                       we
                       were
                       speaking
                       of
                       Cardons
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       dry
                       Soils
                       ,
                       we
                       earth
                       up
                       a
                       little
                       our
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       which
                       would
                       be
                       pernicious
                       in
                       wet
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       would
                       rot
                       the
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       let
                       the
                       Artichokes
                       alone
                       so
                       covered
                       till
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       of
                       March
                       be
                       past
                       ,
                       that
                       being
                       commonly
                       very
                       dangerous
                       ;
                       and
                       many
                       Gard'ners
                       are
                       the
                       cause
                       of
                       the
                       loss
                       of
                       their
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       let
                       themselves
                       be
                       tempted
                       by
                       some
                       fair
                       days
                       in
                       March
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       off
                       their
                       coverings
                       quite
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       proceed
                       to
                       manuring
                       them
                       ;
                       for
                       if
                       we
                       uncover
                       them
                       ,
                       it
                       should
                       at
                       most
                       ,
                       be
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       should
                       always
                       have
                       that
                       caution
                       ,
                       to
                       leave
                       the
                       Dung
                       close
                       by
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       ready
                       at
                       hand
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       again
                       ,
                       in
                       case
                       the
                       Frost
                       returns
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       Frosts
                       be
                       come
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       tying
                       up
                       our
                       Endive
                       that
                       is
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       suffer
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       what
                       we
                       can
                       get
                       :
                       we
                       also
                       cover
                       our
                       other
                       Endive
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       could
                       not
                       tie
                       up
                       .
                       It
                       likewise
                       whitens
                       equally
                       well
                       ;
                       and
                       it
                       is
                       very
                       convenient
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       conservatory
                       ,
                       to
                       plant
                       as
                       many
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       of
                       the
                       biggest
                       of
                       them
                       there
                       ,
                       in
                       tufts
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       shall
                       further
                       shew
                       afterwards
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       cut
                       down
                       Asparagus
                       stalks
                       when
                       the
                       Seed
                       is
                       Ripe
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       carefully
                       lay
                       up
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       minded
                       to
                       sow
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       following
                       Spring
                       .
                       It
                       would
                       be
                       dangerous
                       to
                       cut
                       those
                       stalks
                       sooner
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       because
                       of
                       spoiling
                       the
                       Seed
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       plants
                       or
                       stocks
                       themselves
                       ,
                       which
                       might
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       be
                       irritated
                       to
                       an
                       abortion
                       ,
                       and
                       producing
                       before
                       their
                       time
                       ,
                       some
                       pitiful
                       sorry
                       little
                       new
                       shoots
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       take
                       the
                       advantage
                       of
                       some
                       fair
                       dry
                       weather
                       ,
                       to
                       lay
                       up
                       all
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       to
                       keep
                       for
                       our
                       Winters
                       provision
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       up
                       the
                       plants
                       in
                       tufts
                       ,
                       with
                       Earth
                       hanging
                       to
                       them
                       ,
                       before
                       they
                       be
                       Frost
                       bitten
                       ,
                       and
                       plant
                       them
                       very
                       close
                       to
                       one
                       another
                       in
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       for
                       Example
                       ,
                       all
                       Roots
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Carrots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Beet-raves
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red
                         Beet
                         Roots
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       which
                       have
                       Fruit.
                       The
                       Green
                       ones
                       are
                       more
                       proper
                       for
                       this
                       purpose
                       than
                       the
                       Violet
                       ones
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       more
                       tender
                       and
                       less
                       able
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       and
                       more
                       apt
                       to
                       putrefie
                       in
                       that
                       part
                       next
                       their
                       stem
                       ,
                       than
                       the
                       others
                       which
                       are
                       more
                       rustical
                       and
                       hardy
                       .
                       And
                       also
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                         ,
                         Collyflowers
                      
                       and
                       Endive
                       or
                       Succory
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       White
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       Wild
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       even
                       Leeks
                       and
                       Cellery
                       ,
                       though
                       both
                       
                       these
                       last
                       will
                       keep
                       well
                       enough
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       well
                       covered
                       :
                       But
                       here
                       it
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       noted
                       ,
                       that
                       Cellery
                       when
                       once
                       whitened
                       must
                       be
                       eaten
                       presently
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       it
                       would
                       rot
                       ;
                       And
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       carefull
                       to
                       raise
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       late
                       ,
                       that
                       may
                       remain
                       small
                       in
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       without
                       being
                       very
                       much
                       covered
                       ,
                       which
                       serves
                       for
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       and
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       Those
                       Persons
                       who
                       live
                       near
                       Woods
                       ,
                       will
                       do
                       well
                       to
                       gather
                       up
                       the
                       leaves
                       there
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       to
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       for
                       coverings
                       ,
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       said
                       ,
                       but
                       likewise
                       to
                       lay
                       them
                       to
                       rot
                       in
                       some
                       hole
                       ,
                       the
                       powder
                       of
                       them
                       being
                       very
                       good
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       to
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       for
                       mold
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       now
                       open
                       and
                       lay
                       bare
                       the
                       Roots
                       of
                       Trees
                       that
                       seem
                       to
                       languish
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       take
                       from
                       about
                       them
                       the
                       old
                       Soil
                       ,
                       cut
                       off
                       as
                       much
                       of
                       their
                       Roots
                       as
                       is
                       found
                       in
                       an
                       ill
                       condition
                       ,
                       and
                       Earth
                       them
                       up
                       again
                       afterwards
                       with
                       good
                       new
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       make
                       some
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       for
                       Mushrooms
                       .
                       The
                       method
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       well
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       choose
                       some
                       spot
                       of
                       new
                       ,
                       and
                       as
                       near
                       as
                       can
                       be
                       ,
                       light
                       and
                       sandy
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       dig
                       there
                       a
                       hollow
                       Bed
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       of
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       wide
                       throughout
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       what
                       length
                       we
                       please
                       .
                       The
                       Dung
                       must
                       be
                       either
                       of
                       Horse
                       ,
                       or
                       Mule
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       be
                       already
                       pretty
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       such
                       as
                       has
                       been
                       piled
                       up
                       some
                       time
                       :
                       Then
                       we
                       make
                       the
                       Bed
                       about
                       two
                       foot
                       high
                       ,
                       ranking
                       and
                       pressing
                       the
                       Dung
                       as
                       close
                       and
                       tight
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       yet
                       so
                       disposing
                       it
                       that
                       the
                       upper
                       part
                       of
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       raised
                       into
                       a
                       ridge
                       like
                       the
                       Back
                       of
                       an
                       Asse
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       may
                       the
                       better
                       shoot
                       off
                       the
                       waters
                       to
                       the
                       right
                       and
                       left
                       ,
                       which
                       if
                       they
                       should
                       pierce
                       through
                       it
                       ,
                       would
                       rot
                       the
                       Dung
                       ;
                       after
                       that
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       the
                       Bed
                       to
                       the
                       thickness
                       of
                       two
                       foot
                       more
                       ,
                       with
                       the
                       Neighbouring
                       Earth
                       ,
                       over
                       which
                       again
                       ,
                       we
                       throw
                       another
                       covering
                       of
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       thick
                       of
                       Litter
                       ,
                       which
                       in
                       the
                       Winter
                       may
                       guard
                       from
                       the
                       great
                       Cold
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       shade
                       from
                       the
                       violent
                       heat
                       the
                       Mushrooms
                       which
                       may
                       be
                       expected
                       to
                       shoot
                       up
                       about
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Months
                       after
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       cleanse
                       Trees
                       of
                       Moss
                       that
                       are
                       troubled
                       with
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       They
                       which
                       have
                       great
                       Plantations
                       of
                       Trees
                       to
                       prune
                       ,
                       should
                       now
                       begin
                       that
                       operation
                       upon
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       least
                       vigorous
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       employ
                       the
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       ought
                       to
                       have
                       made
                       provision
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       to
                       cover
                       our
                       Fig-Trees
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Wall
                       ,
                       as
                       Dwarfs
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       these
                       last
                       ,
                       we
                       tie
                       all
                       their
                       Branches
                       as
                       close
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       conveniently
                       ,
                       together
                       with
                       Osier
                       Wit
                       hs
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       wrap
                       them
                       about
                       with
                       this
                       covering
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       the
                       Wall-Trees
                       ,
                       we
                       endeavour
                       to
                       leave
                       so
                       many
                       of
                       the
                       higher
                       Branches
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       ,
                       on
                       the
                       sides
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       tie
                       several
                       of
                       them
                       together
                       to
                       poles
                       or
                       forked
                       sticks
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       serve
                       them
                       for
                       Props
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       too
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       more
                       ease
                       ,
                       and
                       less
                       charge
                       .
                       We
                       leave
                       on
                       them
                       that
                       covering
                       till
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       of
                       March
                       be
                       past
                       ,
                       at
                       which
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       only
                       take
                       off
                       part
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       full
                       Moon
                       of
                       April
                       be
                       likewise
                       past
                       ,
                       the
                       Frosts
                       of
                       these
                       two
                       last
                       Months
                       being
                       dangerous
                       to
                       the
                       young
                       Fruit
                       which
                       then
                       begins
                       to
                       put
                       forth
                       it self
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       
                         Winter
                         Frosts
                      
                       are
                       to
                       the
                       Wood
                       which
                       they
                       make
                       to
                       turn
                       all
                       into
                       Pith.
                       
                    
                     
                       They
                       whose
                       Pear-Trees
                       are
                       pestered
                       with
                       
                         Tiger
                         Babbs
                      
                       ,
                       will
                       do
                       well
                       now
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       to
                       gather
                       up
                       the
                       Leaves
                       that
                       are
                       attack'd
                       by
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       burn
                       them
                       immediately
                       ,
                       but
                       also
                       to
                       scrape
                       their
                       Branches
                       with
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       a
                       Knife
                       to
                       clear
                       them
                       of
                       the
                       Eggs
                       or
                       Seed
                       of
                       that
                       Cursed
                       Insect
                       ,
                       which
                       remains
                       sticking
                       to
                       them
                       all
                       Winter
                       ,
                       for
                       though
                       we
                       cannot
                       so
                       far
                       prevail
                       that
                       way
                       ,
                       as
                       totally
                       to
                       exterminate
                       them
                       ,
                       yet
                       however
                       there
                       will
                       be
                       so
                       many
                       Enemies
                       destroyed
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       destroy
                       of
                       those
                       Eggs.
                       
                    
                     
                       The
                       days
                       being
                       now
                       very
                       short
                       ,
                       skilful
                       Gard'ners
                       will
                       therefore
                       work
                       by
                       Candle-light
                       till
                       Supper
                       time
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       making
                       of
                       Straw-Screens
                       and
                       Coverings
                       ,
                       or
                       preparing
                       Trees
                       for
                       planting
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       the
                       Frost
                       permits
                       them
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       designing
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       put
                       those
                       Trees
                       into
                       the
                       Earth
                       in
                       furrows
                       which
                       we
                       could
                       not
                       plant
                       ,
                       covering
                       up
                       their
                       Roots
                       as
                       carefully
                       as
                       if
                       we
                       were
                       planting
                       them
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       places
                       ,
                       without
                       leaving
                       any
                       hollow
                       Chinks
                       about
                       their
                       Roots
                       ,
                       because
                       otherwise
                       the
                       great
                       Frost
                       would
                       spoil
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       begin
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       to
                       force
                       such
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       as
                       are
                       at
                       least
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       years
                       old
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       forcing
                       is
                       performed
                       ,
                       either
                       on
                       the
                       cold
                       Bed
                       in
                       the
                       place
                       where
                       they
                       grow
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       best
                       way
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       upon
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       minded
                       to
                       remove
                       them
                       .
                       But
                       ordinarily
                       we
                       stay
                       till
                       towards
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       next
                       Month
                       ,
                       before
                       we
                       make
                       any
                       Essays
                       of
                       that
                       kind
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       in
                       my
                       Opinion
                       ,
                       long
                       enough
                       to
                       have
                       of
                       them
                       for
                       four
                       Months
                       together
                       by
                       Artifice
                       ,
                       till
                       Nature
                       be
                       ready
                       to
                       furnish
                       us
                       with
                       more
                       of
                       them
                       for
                       two
                       Months
                       longer
                       by
                       her
                       own
                       sole
                       Virtue
                       and
                       Power
                       ,
                       not
                       but
                       that
                       we
                       might
                       begin
                       to
                       force
                       them
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       September
                       or
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       The
                       way
                       of
                       forcing
                       them
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       dig
                       the
                       Earth
                       out
                       of
                       a
                       Path
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       depth
                       of
                       two
                       Foot
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       breadth
                       of
                       one
                       full
                       foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       ,
                       if
                       originally
                       the
                       Path
                       were
                       but
                       three
                       Foot
                       over
                       ,
                       because
                       there
                       must
                       be
                       at
                       least
                       six
                       or
                       seven
                       good
                       inches
                       of
                       Earth
                       be
                       left
                       next
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       Tufts
                       .
                       The
                       Path
                       being
                       thus
                       voided
                       ,
                       we
                       fill
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       long
                       hot
                       Dung
                       ,
                       very
                       well
                       ramm'd
                       and
                       trodden
                       down
                       ,
                       till
                       it
                       be
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       higher
                       than
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       first
                       making
                       ,
                       and
                       after
                       fifteen
                       days
                       ,
                       we
                       stir
                       this
                       Dung
                       over
                       again
                       ,
                       mixing
                       some
                       new
                       Dung
                       with
                       it
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       enable
                       it
                       to
                       communicate
                       sufficient
                       heat
                       to
                       the
                       two
                       adjoyning
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       but
                       if
                       it
                       appear
                       too
                       much
                       mortified
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       does
                       not
                       shoot
                       up
                       briskly
                       enough
                       ,
                       then
                       this
                       recruiting
                       of
                       the
                       path-way
                       with
                       fresh
                       Dung
                       and
                       stirring
                       ,
                       must
                       be
                       repeated
                       afterwards
                       as
                       often
                       as
                       it
                       shall
                       be
                       necessary
                       ,
                       which
                       commonly
                       happens
                       to
                       be
                       once
                       every
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       days
                       .
                       If
                       there
                       fall
                       any
                       great
                       Rains
                       or
                       Snow
                       ,
                       that
                       may
                       have
                       too
                       much
                       rotted
                       that
                       Dung
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       it
                       appears
                       not
                       to
                       retain
                       a
                       sufficient
                       heat
                       ,
                       then
                       must
                       it
                       be
                       quite
                       taken
                       away
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       new
                       put
                       in
                       its
                       place
                       ;
                       for
                       in
                       fine
                       ,
                       this
                       Bed
                       must
                       always
                       be
                       kept
                       extreamly
                       hot
                       ;
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       the
                       Plants
                       are
                       ,
                       the
                       Ground
                       must
                       be
                       digged
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       stirred
                       a
                       little
                       in
                       it
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       depth
                       of
                       about
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       Inches
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       the
                       path-way
                       is
                       filled
                       up
                       ,
                       for
                       it
                       cannot
                       be
                       done
                       before
                       ,
                       because
                       of
                       bringing
                       the
                       Dung
                       to
                       that
                       ,
                       (
                       which
                       cannot
                       be
                       done
                       without
                       much
                       trampling
                       on
                       the
                       Soil
                       )
                       which
                       digging
                       being
                       finished
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       the
                       said
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       with
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       thickness
                       of
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       fifteen
                       days
                       ,
                       so
                       much
                       time
                       at
                       least
                       being
                       necessary
                       to
                       give
                       activity
                       to
                       those
                       Asparagus
                       Tufts
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       this
                       Season
                       ,
                       are
                       as
                       't
                       were
                       dead
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       benumbed
                       with
                       the
                       cold
                       ,
                       we
                       lift
                       up
                       the
                       Dung
                       to
                       see
                       whether
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       begin
                       to
                       shoot
                       or
                       no
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       do
                       ,
                       at
                       every
                       place
                       where
                       they
                       appear
                       ,
                       we
                       clap
                       a
                       
                         Glass
                         Bell
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       also
                       take
                       great
                       care
                       to
                       cover
                       close
                       with
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       a-nights
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       Frost
                       from
                       penetrating
                       in
                       the
                       least
                       manner
                       in
                       the
                       World
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       so
                       extreamly
                       tender
                       and
                       delicate
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       ,
                       would
                       be
                       absolutely
                       spoiled
                       by
                       the
                       least
                       breath
                       of
                       Cold.
                       If
                       in
                       the
                       day
                       time
                       ,
                       the
                       Sun
                       shine
                       out
                       a
                       little
                       bright
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       not
                       fail
                       to
                       take
                       off
                       the
                       Dung
                       from
                       the
                       Bells
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       may
                       be
                       visited
                       by
                       those
                       kindly
                       beams
                       that
                       animate
                       all
                       things
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       besides
                       those
                       Bells
                       ,
                       we
                       had
                       likewise
                       
                         Glass
                         Frames
                      
                       to
                       clap
                       over
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       doubly
                       to
                       cover
                       whole
                       Beds
                       of
                       Plants
                       ,
                       that
                       would
                       still
                       be
                       more
                       commodious
                       and
                       more
                       advantageous
                       for
                       bringing
                       to
                       effect
                       this
                       little
                       Master-piece
                       of
                       our
                       Art.
                       By
                       these
                       helps
                       ,
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       springing
                       out
                       of
                       that
                       warm
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       meeting
                       with
                       a
                       warm
                       Air
                       under
                       those
                       Bells
                       ,
                       grow
                       red
                       and
                       green
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       thickness
                       and
                       length
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Mont●s
                       of
                       April
                       and
                       May
                       ;
                       nay
                       ,
                       and
                       prove
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       better
                       too
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       have
                       not
                       only
                       been
                       unattack'd
                       by
                       the
                       injuries
                       of
                       the
                       Air
                       ,
                       but
                       have
                       attained
                       their
                       perfection
                       in
                       much
                       less
                       time
                       than
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       and
                       I
                       can
                       without
                       vanity
                       affirm
                       ,
                       that
                       I
                       was
                       the
                       first
                       that
                       by
                       the
                       inducement
                       of
                       some
                       very
                       plausible
                       Reasons
                       ,
                       devised
                       this
                       expedient
                       ,
                       to
                       oblige
                       the
                       greatest
                       King
                       in
                       the
                       World
                       ,
                       with
                       a
                       Pleasure
                       before
                       to
                       him
                       unknown
                       .
                    
                     
                       I
                       add
                       here
                       ,
                       that
                       a
                       Bed
                       of
                       Asparagus
                       dextrously
                       forced
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       maintained
                       ,
                       produces
                       abundantly
                       enough
                       for
                       a
                       Fortnight
                       or
                       three
                       Weeks
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       because
                       the
                       King
                       should
                       not
                       want
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Winter
                       ,
                       this
                       new
                       Dish
                       which
                       he
                       beholds
                       with
                       so
                       gracious
                       an
                       Eye
                       ,
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       the
                       first
                       Beds
                       begin
                       to
                       furnish
                       him
                       ,
                       I
                       begin
                       to
                       force
                       as
                       many
                       new
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       continue
                       the
                       same
                       course
                       every
                       three
                       Weeks
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       when
                       Nature
                       advertises
                       me
                       ,
                       that
                       't
                       is
                       time
                       to
                       put
                       an
                       end
                       to
                       those
                       Violences
                       I
                       have
                       done
                       Her
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       she
                       is
                       then
                       willing
                       in
                       her
                       Turn
                       ,
                       to
                       serve
                       us
                       some
                       Dishes
                       prepared
                       by
                       her
                       own
                       skill
                       .
                    
                     
                       I
                       can
                       likewise
                       tell
                       you
                       ,
                       that
                       though
                       my
                       Beds
                       are
                       but
                       ●i●teen
                       Toises
                       or
                       Fathoms
                       long
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       I
                       force
                       but
                       six
                       at
                       a
                       time
                       ,
                       yet
                       there
                       is
                       spent
                       on
                       them
                       each
                       time
                       ,
                       at
                       least
                       fifty
                       Cart
                       loads
                       of
                       Dung
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       the
                       only
                       Vexation
                       I
                       meet
                       with
                       in
                       this
                       Work
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       see
                       an
                       infinite
                       number
                       of
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       broke
                       with
                       covering
                       and
                       uncovering
                       them
                       every
                       day
                       ,
                       in
                       spite
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       care
                       I
                       can
                       take
                       to
                       prevent
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       likewise
                       remove
                       old
                       Asparagus
                       Plants
                       out
                       of
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       into
                       
                         Hot
                         ones
                      
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       true
                       that
                       they
                       spring
                       there
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       never
                       prove
                       so
                       fair
                       as
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       attended
                       besides
                       with
                       this
                       inconvenience
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       die
                       there
                       in
                       a
                       very
                       short
                       time
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       force
                       Sorrel
                       and
                       
                         Wild
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Succory
                         ,
                         Macedonian
                         Parsly
                      
                       or
                       Alisanders
                       ,
                       &c.
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       but
                       most
                       commonly
                       it
                       is
                       done
                       rather
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       than
                       on
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Success
                       is
                       very
                       speedy
                       and
                       infallible
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       in
                       procuring
                       in
                       one
                       fifteen
                       days
                       time
                       ,
                       Sorrel
                       that
                       is
                       as
                       fair
                       as
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       should
                       have
                       finished
                       our
                       last
                       manuring
                       of
                       dry
                       Grounds
                       the
                       fifteenth
                       day
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       render
                       them
                       impenetrable
                       to
                       the
                       Rain
                       and
                       Snow
                       waters
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       destroy
                       the
                       Weeds
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       make
                       our
                       Gardens
                       appear
                       something
                       neat
                       and
                       handsome
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       We
                       preserve
                       in
                       their
                       places
                       ,
                       or
                       rather
                       we
                       transplant
                       in
                       Turfs
                       ,
                       such
                       Cabbages
                       as
                       we
                       design
                       for
                       Seed
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       perceive
                       they
                       meet
                       with
                       any
                       difficulty
                       in
                       making
                       their
                       way
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       help
                       them
                       by
                       giving
                       the
                       Cabbage
                       a
                       cut
                       cross-wise
                       on
                       the
                       Head
                       pretty
                       deep
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       the
                       Seed
                       stem
                       will
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       pass
                       .
                       We
                       do
                       the
                       same
                       thing
                       in
                       May
                       to
                       some
                       sorts
                       of
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       have
                       much
                       ado
                       otherwise
                       to
                       run
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       have
                       Radishes
                       betimes
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       towards
                       Christmas
                       ,
                       or
                       Candlemas
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       November
                       .
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       laid
                       down
                       directions
                       for
                       the
                       making
                       of
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       works
                       of
                       February
                       :
                       That
                       which
                       is
                       particularly
                       to
                       be
                       observed
                       for
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       is
                       that
                       we
                       must
                       beat
                       down
                       with
                       a
                       board
                       ,
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       to
                       render
                       it
                       a
                       little
                       solid
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       prevent
                       it
                       from
                       rowling
                       into
                       the
                       holes
                       that
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       made
                       to
                       Sow
                       the
                       Radishes
                       in
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Bed
                       may
                       be
                       handsomly
                       Sown
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       a
                       cord
                       rubbed
                       with
                       Plaster
                       ,
                       or
                       Chalk
                       ,
                       or
                       other
                       white
                       matter
                       ,
                       and
                       holding
                       it
                       well
                       stretched
                       out
                       between
                       two
                       of
                       us
                       ,
                       we
                       mark
                       out
                       with
                       it
                       as
                       many
                       white
                       lines
                       ,
                       at
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       both
                       throughout
                       the
                       whole
                       length
                       and
                       breadth
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       as
                       its
                       extent
                       will
                       permit
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       with
                       a
                       round
                       wooden
                       planting
                       stick
                       of
                       a
                       full
                       Inch
                       thick
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       holes
                       all
                       along
                       every
                       line
                       at
                       the
                       like
                       distance
                       of
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       put
                       only
                       three
                       Radish
                       Seeds
                       into
                       every
                       hole
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       we
                       chance
                       to
                       let
                       fall
                       any
                       more
                       we
                       pull
                       up
                       all
                       the
                       Radishes
                       that
                       come
                       up
                       above
                       the
                       number
                       of
                       three
                       .
                       They
                       which
                       observe
                       not
                       to
                       mark
                       out
                       such
                       lines
                       ,
                       but
                       make
                       their
                       holes
                       by
                       random-sight
                       only
                       ,
                       have
                       their
                       Beds
                       not
                       so
                       handsome
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       which
                       make
                       their
                       holes
                       nearer
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       leave
                       more
                       than
                       three
                       Radishes
                       in
                       a
                       hole
                       ,
                       run
                       the
                       hazard
                       of
                       having
                       Radishes
                       with
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       leaves
                       and
                       but
                       little
                       Root
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       many
                       
                         Market
                         Gard'ners
                      
                       whose
                       practise
                       it
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       Sow
                       lines
                       or
                       rows
                       of
                       Lett●ces
                       in
                       February
                       and
                       March
                       ,
                       a
                       cross
                       their
                       Beds
                       of
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       but
                       then
                       the
                       holes
                       must
                       be
                       made
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       seven
                       or
                       eight
                       Inches
                       ;
                       and
                       the
                       Lett●ces
                       thus
                       sown
                       in
                       lines
                       ,
                       will
                       be
                       gathered
                       and
                       spent
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       Radishes
                       are
                       fit
                       to
                       gather
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       it
                       freezes
                       very
                       hard
                       we
                       cover
                       the
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       with
                       long
                       steeped
                       Straw
                       ,
                       for
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       days
                       ,
                       besides
                       which
                       ,
                       for
                       its
                       further
                       defence
                       against
                       the
                       rigours
                       of
                       the
                       Winter
                       ,
                       wecover
                       them
                       with
                       Straw-Screens
                       or
                       coverings
                       ,
                       supported
                       upon
                       
                         Traverse
                         Frame●
                      
                       or
                       Cradles
                       composed
                       of
                       Stakes
                       ,
                       or
                       other
                       Poles
                       of
                       Wood
                       ,
                       placed
                       very
                       near
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       mold
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       stop
                       the
                       sides
                       close
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       Frost
                       increase
                       notably
                       ,
                       we
                       put
                       a
                       new
                       load
                       of
                       long
                       dung
                       over
                       those
                       Straw-Screens
                       ,
                       but
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       but
                       moderate
                       ,
                       there
                       will
                       need
                       no
                       other
                       covering
                       ,
                       the
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       being
                       sufficient
                       to
                       defend
                       the
                       Plants
                       ;
                       Radishes
                       thus
                       sown
                       come
                       up
                       in
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       days
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       holes
                       had
                       not
                       some
                       Air
                       ,
                       they
                       would
                       be
                       smoothed
                       and
                       grow
                       dwinling
                       in
                       piercing
                       through
                       the
                       small
                       Straw
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       not
                       fail
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       up
                       in
                       Turf
                       ,
                       the
                       Cellery
                       which
                       we
                       had
                       planted
                       at
                       a
                       reasonable
                       distance
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       June
                       and
                       July
                       ,
                       in
                       particular
                       
                         Cold
                         Beds
                      
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       we
                       have
                       taken
                       it
                       up
                       ,
                       to
                       carry
                       it
                       into
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       to
                       replant
                       it
                       in
                       some
                       other
                       
                         Cold
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       placing
                       its
                       Plants
                       very
                       close
                       together
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       be
                       covered
                       .
                    
                     
                       Assoon
                       as
                       the
                       White
                       Frosts
                       seem
                       to
                       be
                       setled
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       cover
                       our
                       Winter-Lettuces
                       which
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       well
                       sheltred
                       places
                       ,
                       but
                       not
                       with
                       dry
                       Dung
                       as
                       other
                       Plants
                       ,
                       for
                       fear
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       filth
                       should
                       get
                       into
                       the
                       heart
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       Cabbage
                       ,
                       but
                       with
                       very
                       clean
                       Straw
                       ,
                       upon
                       which
                       we
                       lay
                       some
                       long
                       pole
                       of
                       Wood
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       it
                       in
                       its
                       place
                       ,
                       and
                       hinder
                       the
                       wind
                       from
                       blowing
                       it
                       off
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       IF
                       it
                       be
                       a
                       pertinent
                       caution
                       I
                       have
                       given
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       every
                       Month
                       ,
                       That
                       we
                       ought
                       then
                       to
                       be
                       careful
                       to
                       finish
                       what
                       we
                       could
                       not
                       do
                       in
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Month
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       particularly
                       necessary
                       to
                       repeat
                       it
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       with
                       respect
                       to
                       that
                       which
                       last
                       expired
                       .
                       Assoon
                       as
                       December
                       is
                       come
                       it
                       is
                       no
                       longer
                       time
                       to
                       dally
                       .
                       For
                       now
                       the
                       Earth
                       in
                       Gardens
                       is
                       quite
                       strip'd
                       of
                       all
                       its
                       usual
                       ornaments
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Frost
                       that
                       seldom
                       fails
                       to
                       signalize
                       it self
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       without
                       respecting
                       the
                       quality
                       of
                       their
                       Masters
                       ,
                       spares
                       no
                       bodies
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       but
                       unmercifully
                       destroys
                       all
                       it
                       meets
                       with
                       of
                       a
                       nature
                       too
                       delicate
                       to
                       endure
                       its
                       rigour
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       it
                       concerns
                       us
                       now
                       to
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       housing
                       and
                       of
                       covering
                       what
                       we
                       could
                       not
                       house
                       or
                       cover
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       November
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Endive
                         ,
                         Cardons
                         ,
                         Cellery
                         ,
                         Artichokes
                         ,
                         Roots
                         ,
                         Collyflowers
                         ,
                         Chard-Beets
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Fig-Trees
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                       And
                       above
                       all
                       things
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       careful
                       to
                       preserve
                       those
                       Novelties
                       which
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       begun
                       to
                       advance
                       by
                       Art
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Peas
                         ,
                         Beans
                         ,
                         Cabbage
                         ,
                         Lettuce
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       little
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       
                       to
                       avoid
                       the
                       displeasure
                       of
                       seeing
                       perish
                       in
                       one
                       bitter
                       Night
                       ,
                       what
                       we
                       have
                       been
                       labouring
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Months
                       to
                       advance
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       likewise
                       still
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       continue
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       early
                       Peas
                       ,
                       upon
                       some
                       banks
                       made
                       of
                       Earth
                       raised
                       in
                       double
                       slopes
                       along
                       by
                       some
                       Wall
                       placed
                       in
                       a
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       that
                       towards
                       the
                       South
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       transport
                       our
                       rotten
                       Dung
                       to
                       those
                       places
                       we
                       design
                       to
                       muck
                       ,
                       and
                       spread
                       them
                       abroad
                       there
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       rain
                       and
                       Snow
                       waters
                       may
                       the
                       better
                       penetrate
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       carry
                       their
                       Salt
                       a
                       little
                       below
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       where
                       our
                       Seeds
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       sown
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       interr
                       our
                       Almonds
                       in
                       some
                       Basket
                       ,
                       to
                       Sprout
                       .
                       They
                       should
                       have
                       sprouted
                       by
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       ready
                       then
                       to
                       be
                       planted
                       in
                       their
                       allotted
                       places
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       convenient
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       great
                       Frost
                       from
                       coming
                       at
                       them
                       ;
                       for
                       which
                       end
                       the
                       Baskets
                       must
                       be
                       housed
                       up
                       in
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       well
                       covered
                       with
                       long
                       Dung
                       if
                       left
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       .
                       The
                       way
                       to
                       lay
                       these
                       Almonds
                       to
                       sprout
                       ,
                       is
                       first
                       to
                       lay
                       at
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       the
                       Basket
                       ,
                       a
                       layer
                       of
                       Sand
                       ,
                       Earth
                       or
                       mold
                       ,
                       or
                       made
                       Earth
                       between
                       two
                       and
                       three
                       Inches
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       lay
                       a
                       Layer
                       of
                       flat
                       Almonds
                       ,
                       upon
                       it
                       with
                       their
                       sharp
                       ends
                       inwards
                       ,
                       till
                       its
                       first
                       layer
                       of
                       Earth
                       be
                       quite
                       covered
                       with
                       the
                       layer
                       of
                       Almonds
                       ,
                       upon
                       which
                       we
                       lay
                       a
                       second
                       layer
                       of
                       Mold
                       or
                       Sand
                       of
                       two
                       Inches
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       upon
                       that
                       again
                       a
                       second
                       layer
                       of
                       Almonds
                       placed
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       a
                       third
                       and
                       fourth
                       ,
                       &c.
                       till
                       the
                       Basket
                       will
                       hold
                       no
                       more
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       is
                       likewise
                       not
                       amiss
                       to
                       put
                       one
                       single
                       layer
                       of
                       Almonds
                       into
                       the
                       naked-Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       Earth
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       thickness
                       of
                       about
                       three
                       Inches
                       :
                       When
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       come
                       up
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       them
                       in
                       up
                       Turfs
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       with
                       some
                       Earth
                       hanging
                       to
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       breaking
                       off
                       their
                       sprouts
                       ,
                       we
                       replant
                       them
                       in
                       their
                       designed
                       places
                       ,
                       in
                       rows
                       distant
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       a
                       foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       those
                       rows
                       ,
                       the
                       Almonds
                       must
                       be
                       placed
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       from
                       each
                       other
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       are
                       busie
                       in
                       making
                       trails
                       for
                       Wall-Trees
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       prune
                       Trees
                       as
                       long
                       as
                       there
                       is
                       no
                       Icicles
                       ,
                       or
                       hoar
                       upon
                       the
                       Branches
                       ,
                       and
                       as
                       the
                       hard
                       Frosts
                       do
                       not
                       raign
                       ,
                       for
                       they
                       harden
                       the
                       Wood
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       pruning
                       knife
                       cannot
                       easily
                       pass
                       :
                       Always
                       observing
                       that
                       we
                       must
                       never
                       prune
                       Wall-Trees
                       without
                       unnailing
                       them
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       would
                       be
                       too
                       troublesom
                       to
                       do
                       it
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       neither
                       can
                       we
                       so
                       well
                       discern
                       what
                       Work
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       do
                       .
                    
                     
                       One
                       of
                       the
                       most
                       principal
                       Works
                       of
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       is
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       of
                       long
                       new
                       Dung
                       of
                       the
                       ordinary
                       breadth
                       of
                       four
                       foot
                       ,
                       and
                       height
                       of
                       three
                       ,
                       and
                       assoon
                       as
                       its
                       great
                       heat
                       is
                       spent
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       sow
                       upon
                       it
                       ,
                       under
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       ,
                       some
                       good
                       bright
                       
                         Curled
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       assoon
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       grown
                       a
                       little
                       big
                       ,
                       which
                       usually
                       happens
                       in
                       a
                       Month's
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       take
                       up
                       the
                       fairest
                       ,
                       and
                       plant
                       it
                       in
                       a
                       Nursery
                       upon
                       another
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       under
                       other
                       Bells
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       number
                       of
                       twenty
                       ,
                       or
                       twenty
                       five
                       under
                       every
                       Bell
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       reasonably
                       big
                       there
                       too
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       take
                       up
                       the
                       biggest
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       replant
                       them
                       to
                       the
                       number
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       under
                       each
                       Bell
                       ,
                       to
                       remain
                       there
                       till
                       they
                       be
                       quite
                       Cabbaged
                       ,
                       which
                       usually
                       happens
                       towards
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       fence
                       them
                       well
                       from
                       the
                       Cold
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       with
                       coverings
                       of
                       Litter
                       ,
                       as
                       by
                       new
                       heating
                       their
                       Beds
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       practise
                       the
                       same
                       method
                       in
                       sowing
                       these
                       Lettuces
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       January
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       replanting
                       in
                       February
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       ready
                       betimes
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       continue
                       so
                       doing
                       till
                       the
                       Earth
                       produces
                       us
                       some
                       of
                       her self
                       ,
                       without
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       Hot
                       Dung.
                       At
                       this
                       time
                       they
                       that
                       employ
                       themselves
                       in
                       rearing
                       Novelties
                       ,
                       spend
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       of
                       each
                       day
                       in
                       covering
                       them
                       at
                       night
                       ,
                       and
                       uncovering
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       morning
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       all
                       comes
                       to
                       nothing
                       .
                    
                     
                       When
                       in
                       the
                       Winter
                       time
                       ,
                       we
                       are
                       raising
                       and
                       forcing
                       of
                       Lettuce
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       careful
                       often
                       to
                       lift
                       up
                       the
                       Bells
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       away
                       the
                       dead
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       there
                       being
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       that
                       rot
                       and
                       perish
                       ,
                       and
                       one
                       rotten
                       Leaf
                       rots
                       others
                       .
                       The
                       inside
                       of
                       the
                       Bells
                       must
                       also
                       be
                       cleansed
                       from
                       the
                       filth
                       and
                       moisture
                       that
                       gathers
                       there
                       in
                       abundance
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       there
                       comes
                       a
                       fair
                       Sun
                       shiny
                       day
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       not
                       fail
                       to
                       lift
                       up
                       the
                       Bells
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       moisture
                       may
                       be
                       dryed
                       up
                       that
                       sticks
                       about
                       the
                       Leaves
                       .
                       But
                       the
                       chiefest
                       thing
                       to
                       be
                       observed
                       above
                       all
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       keep
                       the
                       Beds
                       moderately
                       hot
                       ,
                       by
                       recruiting
                       and
                       new
                       heating
                       ,
                       and
                       fermenting
                       them
                       from
                       time
                       to
                       time
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       from
                       our
                       Gardens
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       January
                       .
                    
                     
                       BEsides
                       the
                       good
                       Pears
                       following
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Leschasseries
                         ,
                         Ambrets
                         ,
                         Thorn
                         Pears
                         ,
                         St.
                         Germains
                         ,
                         Dry
                         Martins
                         ,
                         Virgoulees
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       
                         Winter
                         Boncretiens
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       and
                       these
                       good
                       Apples
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Calvils
                         ,
                         Pippins
                         ,
                         Ap●'s
                         ,
                         Courpendu's
                         ,
                      
                       or
                       short
                       stalkt
                       
                         Apples
                         ,
                         Fennellets
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Fennel-Apples
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       And
                       lastly
                       ,
                       besides
                       some
                       sorts
                       of
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       ordinary
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       the
                       long
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       the
                       Chassela's
                       ,
                       &c.
                       every
                       Person
                       may
                       have
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       All
                       sorts
                       of
                       Roots
                       ,
                       as
                       Beet-raves
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red
                         Beet-Roots
                         ,
                         Scorzonera's
                         ,
                         Carrots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                         ,
                      
                       common
                       Salsifies
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Goat's
                         Beard
                         ,
                         Turneps
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Chards
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       whitened
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cellery
                       whitened
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Macedonian
                         Parsly
                      
                       or
                       Alisanders
                       whitened
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Fennel
                         ,
                         Anis
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Endive
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       called
                       the
                       White
                       ,
                       as
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       called
                       Wild
                       ,
                       or
                       Succory
                       .
                    
                     
                       Collyflowers
                       ,
                       &c.
                       All
                       these
                       things
                       must
                       have
                       been
                       brought
                       into
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       ,
                       and
                       ordered
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       directed
                       in
                       speaking
                       of
                       the
                       Works
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       those
                       two
                       Months
                       .
                    
                     
                       Besides
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       also
                       
                         Pancaliers
                         ,
                         Milan
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Bright
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         large
                         sided
                         Cabbages
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       These
                       sorts
                       of
                       Cabbages
                       are
                       not
                       carried
                       into
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       :
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       Frost-bitten
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Air
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       tender
                       and
                       delicate
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       also
                       have
                       some
                       Citruls
                       or
                       Pumpions
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Potirons
                       ,
                       or
                       flat
                       Pumpions
                       ,
                       by
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       a
                       Conservatory
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       have
                       also
                       pickled
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       pickled
                       Purslain
                       ,
                       pickled
                       Mushrooms
                       ,
                       and
                       pickled
                       
                         Capucin
                         Capers
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Nasturces
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       have
                       
                         Onions
                         ,
                         Garlick
                      
                       and
                       Shalots
                       ,
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       have
                       
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Ciboules
                         ,
                         Burnet
                         ,
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Parsly
                      
                       and
                       Alleluia
                       ,
                       or
                       Wood-Sorrel
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       have
                       very
                       good
                       Reddish
                       Green
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       better
                       than
                       those
                       that
                       grow
                       naturally
                       in
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       And
                       by
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       or
                       heated
                       Path-ways
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       very
                       fine
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       of
                       the
                       round
                       as
                       long
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       little
                       Sallets
                       of
                       Lettuce
                       to
                       cut
                       ,
                       with
                       their
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Tarragon
                         ,
                         Garden-Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       tender
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       &c.
                       and
                       
                         Parsly
                         ,
                         Borage
                         ,
                         Bugloss
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       likewise
                       have
                       little
                       Radishes
                       upon
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       provided
                       the
                       abundance
                       of
                       Snow
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       rigour
                       of
                       the
                       Frosts
                       be
                       not
                       so
                       terrible
                       great
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       cannot
                       for
                       so
                       much
                       as
                       a
                       few
                       hours
                       in
                       a
                       day
                       ,
                       uncover
                       the
                       Beds
                       on
                       which
                       they
                       are
                       ,
                       nor
                       give
                       them
                       any
                       new
                       Recruits
                       of
                       heat
                       ,
                       without
                       which
                       ,
                       all
                       that
                       is
                       planted
                       of
                       this
                       sort
                       ,
                       on
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       is
                       subject
                       to
                       grow
                       yellow
                       ,
                       and
                       come
                       to
                       nothing
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       likewise
                       have
                       Mushrooms
                       upon
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       made
                       on
                       purpose
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       are
                       kept
                       carefully
                       covered
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       to
                       prevent
                       the
                       hard
                       Fosts
                       from
                       spoiling
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       now
                       naturally
                       but
                       few
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       except
                       those
                       of
                       Laurel-Time
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Laurus
                         Thymus
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Snow
                         drops
                      
                       ,
                       but
                       by
                       the
                       help
                       of
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       single
                       
                         Anemonies
                         ,
                         Winter
                         Narcissus's
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Narcissus's
                       of
                       
                         Constantinople
                         ,
                         Crocus's
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       And
                       we
                       have
                       now
                       
                         Lawrel
                         Rose-leaves
                      
                       to
                       garnish
                       the
                       Dishes
                       we
                       serve
                       up
                       to
                       Table
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       THE
                       Weather
                       usually
                       begins
                       to
                       grow
                       a
                       little
                       milder
                       this
                       Month
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       as
                       to
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       now
                       naturally
                       by
                       the
                       favour
                       of
                       a
                       good
                       Shelter
                       and
                       a
                       good
                       Exposition
                       ,
                       have
                       of
                       all
                       those
                       sorts
                       which
                       I
                       told
                       you
                       in
                       my
                       Discourse
                       of
                       the
                       Products
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       Month
                       ,
                       might
                       be
                       raised
                       by
                       forcing
                       on
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                       Besides
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       Primroses
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       may
                       even
                       produce
                       us
                       some
                       Tulips
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Totus
                         Albus's
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       But
                       in
                       respect
                       of
                       Kitchen-plants
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       as
                       yet
                       only
                       those
                       things
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       before
                       mentioned
                       ;
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       we
                       continue
                       to
                       spend
                       the
                       Stock
                       we
                       have
                       in
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       or
                       Store-house
                       ,
                       and
                       what
                       we
                       raise
                       by
                       the
                       assistance
                       of
                       our
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       artificial
                       heatings
                       ,
                       as
                       little
                       
                         Sallets
                         ,
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Radishes
                         ,
                         Asparagus
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       now
                       upon
                       our
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       abundance
                       of
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       and
                       little
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       and
                       Cabbage
                       Lettuces
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       
                         bright
                         curled
                         Lettuces
                      
                       sown
                       in
                       November
                       and
                       December
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       transplanted
                       into
                       other
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       .
                       The
                       other
                       sorts
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       will
                       not
                       come
                       to
                       any
                       thing
                       under
                       Bells
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       to
                       have
                       forced
                       Asparagus
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       spend
                       what
                       we
                       had
                       laid
                       up
                       in
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Cardons
                         ,
                         Collyflowers
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       As
                       to
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       cold
                       be
                       not
                       extraordinary
                       violent
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       every
                       where
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       naturally
                       ,
                       all
                       those
                       sorts
                       which
                       blow
                       only
                       in
                       good
                       Expositions
                       in
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Months
                       ,
                       besides
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       
                         Violets
                         ,
                         Jacinths
                         ,
                         Passe-touts
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       single
                       Anemonies
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       
                         English
                         Narcissus's
                         ,
                         Narcissus's
                      
                       of
                       
                         Algers
                         ,
                         English
                         Iris
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Flower-de-Luces
                       ,
                       yellow
                       Stock-Gilliflowers
                       ,
                       Nonesuch
                       Narcissus's
                       ,
                       single
                       and
                       double
                       
                       Hepatica's
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       of
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       as
                       of
                       the
                       pale
                       Violet
                       Sort
                       ,
                       Hellebore
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       some
                       single
                       Junquils
                       ,
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       sometimes
                       compose
                       double
                       ones
                       ,
                       by
                       putting
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       into
                       one
                       Button
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       we
                       need
                       not
                       now
                       force
                       any
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       unless
                       it
                       be
                       single
                       or
                       double
                       Junquils
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       Weather
                       be
                       very
                       hard
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       if
                       the
                       weather
                       be
                       very
                       mild
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       double
                       
                         Anemonies
                         ,
                         Bears
                         Ears
                         ,
                         Fritillaria's
                         ,
                      
                       some
                       Spring
                       
                         Tulips
                         ,
                         Daisies
                         ,
                         Flammes
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Flame-flowers
                         ,
                         Persian
                         Iris
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Junquils
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       April
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       now
                       abundance
                       of
                       
                         Radishes
                         ,
                         Spinage
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Sallets
                       with
                       their
                       Furnitures
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       edible
                       Herbs
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       likewise
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       bright
                       curled
                       Cabbage
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       taken
                       care
                       to
                       raise
                       any
                       upon
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       we
                       have
                       none
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       Winter
                       Lettuces
                       are
                       not
                       as
                       yet
                       Cabbaged
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       also
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       some
                       Strawberries
                       by
                       the
                       extraordinary
                       help
                       of
                       our
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       Glass
                       Frames
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       had
                       the
                       Will
                       ,
                       or
                       convenience
                       to
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Asparagus
                       produced
                       naturally
                       and
                       without
                       Artifice
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       an
                       infinite
                       number
                       of
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Anemonies
                         ,
                         Ranunculus's
                      
                       or
                       
                         Crew
                         foots
                         ,
                         Imperials
                         ,
                         Narcissus
                      
                       of
                       
                         Constantinople
                         ,
                         English
                         Narcissus
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Algers
                         Narcissus
                      
                       ,
                       white
                       
                         Narcissus
                         ,
                         Prim-Roses
                         ,
                         Violets
                         ,
                         Hepatica's
                         ,
                      
                       both
                       red
                       and
                       pale
                       blue
                       ,
                       and
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       we
                       have
                       fair
                       Tulips
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       IT
                       is
                       now
                       the
                       time
                       of
                       the
                       flourishing
                       Reign
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Verdures
                       and
                       Green
                       things
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       
                         Radishes
                         ,
                         Asparagus
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       as
                       to
                       their
                       plenty
                       and
                       abundance
                       .
                       Peas
                       and
                       Strawberries
                       now
                       begin
                       to
                       come
                       in
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       may
                       and
                       ought
                       to
                       have
                       of
                       those
                       sorts
                       of
                       Long
                       
                         Lettuces
                         call'd
                         Alfanges
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         white
                         Chicons
                      
                       ,
                       provided
                       we
                       have
                       had
                       timely
                       care
                       to
                       raise
                       some
                       upon
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       early
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       other
                       Hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       exposed
                       place
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       an
                       infinity
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       
                         Tulips
                         ,
                         Stock-gilliflowers
                      
                       of
                       all
                       colours
                       ,
                       Prim-roses
                       both
                       deep
                       blue
                       and
                       pale
                       blue
                       ,
                       
                         Musaris
                         ,
                         Daisies
                         ,
                         Flames
                      
                       ,
                       Spring
                       
                         Honey-Suckles
                         ,
                         Roses
                         of
                         Gueldres
                      
                       ,
                       single
                       Anemonies
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       have
                       
                         Orange
                         Flowers
                      
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       Orange-Trees
                       ,
                       are
                       brought
                       out
                       of
                       their
                       Conservatories
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       also
                       both
                       single
                       and
                       double
                       Narcissus's
                       ,
                       and
                       Peonies
                       both
                       of
                       the
                       Flesh
                       ,
                       or
                       Carnation
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       the
                       
                         very
                         red
                      
                       colour
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       likewise
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       Spring
                       
                         Larks
                         Heels
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       the
                       Flower
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Trifolum
                         Arboreum
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         yellow
                         Trefoil
                      
                       ,
                       growing
                       on
                       a
                       shrub
                       ,
                       and
                       both
                       the
                       Common
                       and
                       
                         Persian
                         Lilac
                         ,
                         Mary-golds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Sedums
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       Palmaria
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Musked
                         white
                         stock
                         Gilliflowers
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       single
                       and
                       double
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       
                       say
                       ,
                       the
                       Julians
                       .
                       As
                       likewise
                       Columbines
                       ,
                       Veronica's
                       ,
                       or
                       Fluellins
                       ,
                       plumed
                       or
                       panached
                       Jacinths
                       ,
                       yellow
                       Martagons
                       ,
                       with
                       their
                       Flame
                       coloured
                       Pendant
                       ,
                       Spanish
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       have
                       abundance
                       of
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       early
                       Cherries
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       June
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       now
                       abundance
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       red
                       Fruits
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Strawberries
                         ,
                         Currans
                         ,
                         Gooseberries
                         ,
                         Cherries
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Bigarro's
                       or
                       Heart-Cherries
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Some
                       Pears
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       little
                       Muscats
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       upon
                       the
                       plain
                       and
                       natural
                       Earth
                       ,
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Sallets
                       with
                       their
                       Furnitures
                       .
                    
                     
                       Abundance
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Kitchen
                       Herbs
                       .
                    
                     
                       Abundance
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       and
                       Beet-Chards
                       .
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Peas
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Garden
                       ,
                       and
                       French
                       Beans
                       .
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Mushrooms
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       Verjuice
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         White
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       also
                       great
                       plenty
                       of
                       fine
                       ,
                       or
                       sweet
                       and
                       strong
                       scented
                       ,
                       or
                       Aromatick
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Time
                         ,
                         Sage
                         ,
                         Savory
                         ,
                         Hyssop
                         ,
                         Lavender
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       And
                       also
                       of
                       Medicinal
                       Herbs
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Roman
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       and
                       white
                       Alfange
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       and
                       abundance
                       of
                       Genua
                       Lettuces
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Purslain
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       abundance
                       of
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       to
                       garnish
                       Dishes
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       set
                       out
                       Flower-pots
                       ,
                       viz.
                       Double
                       Poppies
                       of
                       all
                       colours
                       ,
                       white
                       ,
                       pale
                       ,
                       violet
                       ,
                       flesh-coloured
                       ,
                       or
                       Carnation
                       ,
                       flame
                       coloured
                       ,
                       purple
                       ,
                       violet
                       colour'd
                       ,
                       and
                       panached
                       or
                       striped
                       ;
                       yellow
                       ,
                       and
                       violet
                       pansies
                       ,
                       Larks
                       Heels
                       ,
                       Julians
                       ,
                       Fraxilenes
                       ,
                       or
                       Fraxinella's
                       ,
                       or
                       Bastard
                       Dittanies
                       ,
                       Roses
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       ,
                       viz.
                       double
                       ,
                       panached
                       or
                       striped
                       ,
                       double
                       Eglantines
                       ,
                       or
                       Dog-roses
                       ,
                       Roses
                       of
                       Gueldres
                       ,
                       Cinnamon
                       Roses
                       ,
                       white
                       Lillies
                       ,
                       yellow
                       Lillies
                       ,
                       Matricaria's
                       ,
                       or
                       Featherfew's
                       ,
                       Asphodel
                       or
                       Asphondel
                       Lillies
                       ,
                       Calves-snowts
                       ,
                       Virga
                       Aurea
                       ,
                       or
                       Golden
                       Rod
                       ,
                       of
                       Jassee
                       Flowers
                       of
                       two
                       colours
                       ,
                       Gladiolus's
                       ,
                       Veronica's
                       ,
                       or
                       Fluellins
                       ,
                       Spanish
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       Mignards
                       ,
                       Verbascums
                       ,
                       or
                       Mullein
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       double
                       Coqueriers
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thlaspi
                       or
                       Treacle
                       Mustard
                       of
                       two
                       sorts
                       ,
                       the
                       great
                       and
                       little
                       Muscipula's
                       ,
                       Valerians
                       ,
                       Toute-Bonnes
                       ,
                       or
                       Algoods
                       ,
                       or
                       Good
                       Harries
                       ,
                       Poets
                       Gillyflowers
                       ,
                       both
                       the
                       white
                       and
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       yellow
                       Willow
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       or
                       Loose-strifes
                       ,
                       Lady-Gloves
                       ;
                       and
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       Roman
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       Orange
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       Tuberoses
                       ,
                       single
                       Anemonies
                       ,
                       Mignardises
                       ,
                       and
                       Marine
                       ,
                       or
                       Sea
                       violets
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       still
                       very
                       fine
                       Pippins
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       see
                       some
                       Cabbages
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       likewise
                       some
                       Musk-melons
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       very
                       fine
                       Carnations
                       ,
                       and
                       double
                       Jerusalem
                       Cresses
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       July
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       in
                       this
                       Month
                       abundance
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       Cherries
                       ,
                       Griots
                       ,
                       or
                       Agriots
                       ,
                       and
                       Bigarro's
                       ,
                       or
                       Heart
                       Cherries
                       .
                    
                     
                       Plenty
                       of
                       Strawberries
                       ,
                       Peas
                       and
                       Beans
                       .
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       Musk-melons
                       ,
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Sallets
                       .
                    
                     
                       Some
                       white
                       Endive
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Radishes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Some
                       Plums
                       ,
                       viz.
                       the
                       yellow
                       Plum
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Ceriset
                       ,
                       or
                       little
                       Cherry-plum
                       .
                    
                     
                       Some
                       Summer
                       Calvill-apples
                       .
                    
                     
                       A
                       great
                       many
                       Pears
                       ,
                       viz.
                       Maudlin-Pears
                       ,
                       Cuisse
                       Madams
                       ,
                       or
                       Lady
                       Thighs
                       ,
                       Great
                       Blanquets
                       ,
                       or
                       great
                       
                         White
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Orange-green
                         Pears
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       About
                       the
                       middle
                       or
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       the
                       first
                       Figs.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Peas
                       and
                       Beans
                       of
                       two
                       sorts
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       and
                    
                     
                       Abundance
                       of
                       Muskmelons
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       the
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Verjuice
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       As
                       for
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       still
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       of
                       them
                       I
                       have
                       mentioned
                       in
                       the
                       preceeding
                       Month.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       besides
                       them
                       ,
                       
                         Geranium
                         Nocteolens
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Night
                       smelling
                       
                         Cranes-bill
                         ,
                         Rue
                      
                       with
                       its
                       Olive-colour'd
                       Flower
                       ,
                       
                         Jerusalem
                         Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       single
                       and
                       double
                       ,
                       
                         Clovons
                         ,
                         Indian
                         Harico's
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Kidney-Beans
                       ,
                       of
                       a
                       flame
                       colour
                       ,
                       which
                       last
                       till
                       
                         November
                         ,
                         Cyanus
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Dog
                       ,
                       or
                       Corn-flowers
                       ,
                       both
                       white
                       ,
                       and
                       pale
                       violet
                       ,
                       Capucins
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Nasturces
                         ,
                         Camomils
                         ,
                         Staphysagria
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Staves-acre
                       ,
                       and
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       
                         July
                         ,
                         Clove-gilliflowers
                      
                       and
                       Carnations
                       begin
                       to
                       come
                       in
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       WE
                       have
                       at
                       this
                       time
                       abundance
                       of
                       Summer
                       Pears
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Plums
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       some
                       sort
                       of
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Maudlin
                         ,
                         Minion
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Bourdin
                         Peaches
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       As
                       also
                       of
                       white
                       Endive
                       .
                    
                     
                       Plenty
                       of
                       Figs.
                       
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Musk-melons
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       also
                       some
                       Citruls
                       or
                       Pumpions
                       .
                    
                     
                       A
                       great
                       many
                       Cabbages
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Verjuice
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       continue
                       still
                       to
                       have
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       green
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       all
                       Kitchen-Roots
                       ,
                       and
                       Onions
                       ,
                       Garlick
                       and
                       Shalots
                       .
                       As
                       also
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Abundance
                       of
                       
                         Larks-Heels
                         ,
                         Indian
                         Roses
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Indian
                         Gilliflowers
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         French
                         Marigolds
                      
                       ,
                       great
                       store
                       of
                       
                         Musked
                         Roses
                         ,
                         Monthly
                         Roses
                         ,
                         Jasmin
                         ,
                         Latter
                         Larks-Heels
                         ,
                         Tuberoses
                         ,
                         Matricaria's
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       greater
                       or
                       lesser
                       Thlaspi's
                       ,
                       and
                       besides
                       them
                       ,
                       
                         Sun-flowers
                         ,
                         Asters
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Oculus
                         Christs's
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       
                         of
                         September
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       WE
                       have
                       now
                       abundance
                       of
                       
                         Violet
                         Peaches
                         ,
                         Admirables
                         ,
                         Purple
                         ,
                         Persick
                         Peaches
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Russelet
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Russet
                         Pears
                      
                       ,
                       melting
                       Pears
                       of
                       Brest
                       ,
                       some
                       Butter-Pears
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Plenty
                       of
                       Endive
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Succory
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       Cabbages
                       .
                    
                     
                       Towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       begins
                       to
                       come
                       in
                       abundance
                       of
                       second
                       Figs.
                       
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       we
                       have
                       likewise
                       some
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                      
                       ,
                       some
                       
                         Artichoke
                         Chards
                      
                       ,
                       some
                       
                         Cellery
                         Stocks
                      
                       ,
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       Citruls
                       ,
                       or
                       Pumpions
                       ,
                       store
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Musk-melons
                       still
                       .
                    
                     
                       Some
                       Collyflowers
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       good
                       
                         Muscat
                         Grapes
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Vine
                       Leaves
                       to
                       garnish
                       our
                       Dishes
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Verjuice
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       some
                       Oranges
                       .
                    
                     
                       As
                       to
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       now
                       great
                       store
                       of
                       
                         Tuberoses
                         ,
                         Asters
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Oculus
                         Christi's
                      
                       ,
                       of
                       
                         Flower
                         gentles
                         ,
                         Velvet
                         Flowers
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Amaranthus
                       ,
                       of
                       
                         Indian
                         Gilliflowers
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         French
                         Marygolds
                      
                       ,
                       of
                       
                         Indian
                         Roses
                         ,
                         Marvels
                      
                       of
                       
                         Peru
                         ,
                         Tricolor
                         Volubilis
                         ,
                         Lawrel
                         ,
                      
                       or
                       
                         Bay
                         Roses
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       white
                       and
                       Carnation
                       ,
                       
                         Ultramarine
                         Roses
                      
                       ,
                       Ordinary
                       Stock-Gilliflowers
                       ,
                       both
                       of
                       the
                       white
                       and
                       violet
                       Sorts
                       ,
                       
                         &c.
                         
                         Ciclamens
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Orange-Flowers
                       ,
                       with
                       single
                       Anemonies
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       October
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       abundance
                       of
                       second
                       Figs.
                       
                    
                     
                       Plenty
                       of
                       Muscat
                       and
                       
                         Chassela's
                         Grapes
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       
                         Butter
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Doyennee
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Dean-Pears
                         ,
                         Bergamots
                         ,
                         Vine-Pears
                         ,
                         Lansacs
                         ,
                         Crasans
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Messier-Johns
                       .
                    
                     
                       Abundance
                       of
                       Endive
                       and
                       
                         Succory
                         ,
                         Cardons
                         ,
                         Artichoke-Chards
                         ,
                         Beet-Chards
                         ,
                         Mushrooms
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Cucumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       still
                       some
                       Musk-melons
                       too
                       ,
                       if
                       there
                       have
                       been
                       no
                       hard
                       Frosts
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       all
                       manner
                       of
                       green
                       
                         Pot-Herbs
                         ,
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Beets
                         ,
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Parsly
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       
                         Ciboules
                         ,
                         Roots
                         ,
                         Garlick
                         ,
                         Onions
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Shalots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Great
                       store
                       of
                       Peaches
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                         Admirables
                         ,
                         Nivets
                         ,
                         White
                         Andillies
                         ,
                         Latter
                         Violet
                         Peaches
                         ,
                         Yellow
                         latter
                         Peaches
                         ,
                         Rambouillet
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       
                         Cadillac
                         Pavies
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Bastard
                         Peaches
                         ,
                         Yellow
                         Pavies
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Red
                         Pavies
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       Spinage
                       and
                       latter
                       Peas
                       .
                    
                     
                       For
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       single
                       
                         Anemonies
                         ,
                         Tuberoses
                         ,
                         Lawrel
                         ,
                         Time
                         ,
                         Flowers
                         ,
                         Velvet
                         Flowers
                         ,
                         Jasmins
                         ,
                         Lawrel-Roses
                         ,
                         Ciclamens
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVE
                       have
                       still
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       ,
                       some
                       Figs
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       latter
                       
                         Yellow
                         Pavies
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       
                         Winter
                         Thorn
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Bergamots
                         ,
                         Marchionesses
                         ,
                         Messire
                         Johns
                         ,
                         Crasans
                         ,
                         Petitoins
                         ,
                      
                       some
                       
                         Virgoulee
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Ambrets
                         ,
                         Leschasseries
                         ,
                         Amadots
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Artichokes
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       abundance
                       of
                       
                         Autumnal
                         Calvil
                         Apples
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       
                         white
                         Calvils
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Fennelets
                       or
                       
                         Fennel
                         Apples
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Courpendu's
                       ,
                       or
                       short
                       stalkt
                       Apples
                       begin
                       also
                       to
                       ripen
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       
                         Spinage
                         ,
                         Endive
                      
                       and
                       
                         Succory
                         ,
                         Cellery
                         ,
                         Lettuces
                         ,
                         Sallets
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       
                         Pot
                         Herbs
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Cabbages
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       ,
                       and
                       Roots
                       and
                       Pumpions
                       .
                    
                     
                       For
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       almost
                       the
                       same
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       foregoing
                       Month
                       ,
                       as
                       also
                       some
                       beginnings
                       of
                       
                         Thlaspi
                         semper
                         virens
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       ever
                       green
                       Thlaspis
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       Provisions
                       and
                       Products
                       of
                       December
                       .
                    
                     
                       BY
                       the
                       assistance
                       of
                       our
                       Store-house
                       and
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       all
                       the
                       same
                       things
                       that
                       we
                       already
                       mentioned
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       may
                       also
                       now
                       begin
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       forced
                       Asparagus
                       ;
                       And
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Some
                       very
                       green
                       and
                       tall
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       in
                       spite
                       of
                       the
                       hardest
                       Frosts
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Spinage
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       Winter
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       of
                       the
                       bright
                       and
                       long-sided
                       sort
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       delicate
                       ,
                       as
                       of
                       the
                       green
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       have
                       abundance
                       of
                       
                         Virgoulee
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Thorn
                         Pears
                         ,
                         Ambrets
                         ,
                         St.
                         Germans
                         ,
                         Dry
                         Martins
                         ,
                         Portal
                         Pears
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       As
                       also
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Of
                       
                         Api
                         Apples
                         ,
                         Pippins
                         ,
                         Courpendu's
                         ,
                         Femellets
                         ,
                      
                       or
                       
                         Fennel
                         Apples
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Calvils
                       too
                       still
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       As
                       to
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       store
                       of
                       
                         Lawrel
                         ,
                         Time
                         ,
                         Flowers
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       have
                       some
                       Anemonies
                       and
                       Ciclamens
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     How
                     to
                     judge
                     certainly
                     by
                     viewing
                     and
                     visiting
                     a
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     ,
                     whether
                     there
                     be
                     any
                     thing
                     wanting
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     stockt
                     with
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   no
                   inconsiderable
                   thing
                   to
                   understand
                   certainly
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   what
                   Provisions
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   well
                   maintained
                   and
                   ordered
                   may
                   furnish
                   us
                   with
                   every
                   Month
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   what
                   works
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   there
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   by
                   an
                   able
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   enough
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Gentleman
                   so
                   knowing
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   himself
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   judge
                   certainly
                   by
                   viewing
                   of
                   his
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   indeed
                   so
                   well
                   stockt
                   or
                   no
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   want
                   nothing
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   have
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   not
                   expect
                   always
                   actually
                   to
                   find
                   init
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   advantages
                   we
                   are
                   beholding
                   to
                   Gardens
                   for
                   .
                   We
                   know
                   indeed
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   bring
                   forth
                   a
                   provision
                   for
                   the
                   whole
                   Year
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   know
                   very
                   well
                   too
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   bring
                   forth
                   all
                   days
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   Months
                   we
                   hardly
                   see
                   in
                   it
                   any
                   of
                   its
                   Productions
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   being
                   then
                   carried
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   up
                   in
                   Store-houses
                   and
                   Conservatories
                   .
                   And
                   besides
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   Plants
                   that
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   in
                   it
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   is
                   there
                   which
                   have
                   not
                   then
                   attain'd
                   to
                   their
                   perfection
                   ,
                   which
                   yet
                   ought
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Figure
                   in
                   this
                   Garden
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   require
                   perhaps
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Months
                   time
                   to
                   arrive
                   to
                   it
                   ?
                   Thus
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   Legumes
                   or
                   Edible
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   green
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   it
                   is
                   too
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   principal
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   Consideration
                   ,
                   I
                   thought
                   it
                   not
                   impertinent
                   nor
                   unuseful
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   yet
                   
                   a
                   little
                   more
                   particularly
                   wherein
                   consists
                   the
                   excellency
                   and
                   accomplishment
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   judging
                   of
                   it
                   acccording
                   to
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   what
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   find
                   in
                   it
                   every
                   time
                   we
                   go
                   into
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   give
                   you
                   the
                   more
                   exact
                   and
                   perfect
                   an
                   Idea
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   ,
                   draw
                   you
                   the
                   picture
                   of
                   our
                   Kings
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   its
                   kind
                   ,
                   the
                   greatest
                   that
                   ever
                   was
                   beheld
                   ,
                   as
                   its
                   Master
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   Prince
                   that
                   ever
                   yet
                   appeared
                   ;
                   not
                   ,
                   that
                   I
                   exhibit
                   this
                   Picture
                   to
                   engage
                   any
                   Person
                   to
                   copy
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   to
                   direct
                   them
                   how
                   by
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   a
                   just
                   Comparison
                   ,
                   and
                   proportion
                   of
                   great
                   things
                   to
                   little
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   take
                   such
                   Measures
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   shall
                   think
                   most
                   accommodated
                   to
                   their
                   own
                   particular
                   conveniences
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   will
                   begin
                   this
                   Chapter
                   with
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   January
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   have
                   done
                   the
                   two
                   next
                   preceeding
                   ones
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   tell
                   you
                   first
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   January
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   
                   be
                   very
                   well
                   satisfied
                   with
                   the
                   Garden
                   in
                   Question
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   find
                   in
                   it
                   a
                   reasonable
                   quantity
                   of
                   
                     Winter
                     Lettuces
                  
                   planted
                   in
                   Borders
                   by
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   covered
                   with
                   long
                   Straw
                   ,
                   or
                   Straw
                   Screens
                   .
                   And
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   find
                   in
                   it
                   some
                   Squares
                   of
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   and
                   Beet-Chards
                   well
                   covered
                   with
                   long
                   Dung
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   like
                   provision
                   of
                   
                     Cellery
                     ,
                     Endive
                     ,
                     Common
                     Parsly
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Macedonian
                     Parsly
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Alisanders
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   ordered
                   after
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   ,
                   some
                   
                     Winter
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Sallet
                   Furnitures
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   these
                   two
                   last
                   be
                   sheltred
                   with
                   some
                   sort
                   of
                   Covering
                   .
                   And
                   if
                   in
                   the
                   fourth
                   place
                   there
                   be
                   some
                   squares
                   of
                   Asparagus
                   without
                   any
                   other
                   Artifice
                   ,
                   than
                   what
                   is
                   used
                   to
                   warm
                   and
                   force
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   
                     Cold
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   I
                   do
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   begun
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   November
                   and
                   December
                   .
                   All
                   other
                   Kitchen-plants
                   must
                   be
                   housed
                   and
                   laid
                   up
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Roots
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Collyflowers
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   place
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   content
                   if
                   we
                   find
                   the
                   Fig-Trees
                   well
                   covered
                   ,
                   all
                   places
                   where
                   Trees
                   should
                   be
                   ,
                   well
                   filled
                   up
                   with
                   Trees
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   with
                   holes
                   digged
                   ,
                   and
                   Trenches
                   prepared
                   ,
                   ready
                   for
                   planting
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   those
                   bared
                   and
                   laid
                   open
                   ,
                   that
                   begin
                   to
                   languish
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   their
                   Cure.
                   Sixthly
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   see
                   Men
                   busie
                   in
                   clearing
                   the
                   Fruit-Trees
                   of
                   Moss
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   filth
                   that
                   Spoils
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   that
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   there
                   any
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   for
                   the
                   Novelties
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   time
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Radishes
                     ,
                     Little
                     Sallets
                     ,
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Cabbage
                     Lettuces
                     ,
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Musk-melon
                   Plantations
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   If
                   we
                   likewise
                   see
                   some
                   Fig-Trees
                   and
                   some
                   other
                   Trees
                   forced
                   and
                   advanced
                   by
                   artificial
                   Warmth
                   ,
                   what
                   then
                   ought
                   we
                   not
                   to
                   say
                   in
                   praise
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   especially
                   if
                   we
                   find
                   the
                   Walks
                   and
                   Alleys
                   kept
                   neat
                   and
                   clean
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   Garden
                   Tools
                   or
                   Utensils
                   any
                   where
                   neglected
                   ?
                
                 
                   Having
                   told
                   you
                   what
                   should
                   compose
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   January
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   needless
                   to
                   add
                   any
                   Description
                   of
                   what
                   makes
                   it
                   imperfect
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   that
                   Month
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   afterwards
                   treat
                   ,
                   because
                   any
                   Body
                   may
                   easily
                   discern
                   of
                   himself
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   just
                   the
                   contrary
                   and
                   reverse
                   of
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   just
                   now
                   specified
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   want
                   of
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   Slovinglyness
                   ,
                   &c.
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   as
                   the
                   Monsters
                   of
                   
                     Kitchen
                     Gardens
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   February
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   certainly
                   expect
                   to
                   see
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   Bustling
                   and
                   Activity
                   in
                   Garden
                   works
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   now
                   find
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   
                   flourishing
                   ,
                   and
                   grown
                   pretty
                   forward
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   told
                   you
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   raised
                   on
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   about
                   the
                   latter
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   ,
                   the
                   Weather
                   appear
                   pretty
                   temperate
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   happen
                   so
                   considerable
                   a
                   Thaw
                   as
                   to
                   promise
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   cold
                   ,
                   our
                   Gard'ners
                   should
                   then
                   begin
                   to
                   dig
                   and
                   manure
                   the
                   Squares
                   and
                   the
                   Counter
                   Borders
                   prepare
                   the
                   
                     Cold
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   sow
                   those
                   sorts
                   of
                   Seeds
                   that
                   are
                   long
                   coming
                   up
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   They
                   must
                   likewise
                   now
                   earnestly
                   mind
                   the
                   pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   Dwarfs
                   ,
                   as
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   palisade
                   or
                   nail
                   up
                   these
                   last
                   for
                   the
                   first
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   they
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   make
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   for
                   the
                   replanting
                   of
                   Musk-melons
                   and
                   Cucumbers
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   little
                   
                     Sallets
                     ,
                     Radishes
                     ,
                     Cabbage-Lettuces
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   March
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   begins
                   to
                   pleasure
                   us
                   with
                   both
                   indifferent
                   fair
                   ,
                   and
                   pretty
                   long
                   days
                   ,
                   and
                   nature
                   begins
                   visibly
                   to
                   grow
                   warm
                   and
                   active
                   ,
                   our
                   Gard'ners
                   also
                   should
                   
                   with
                   new
                   and
                   fresh
                   vigour
                   ,
                   and
                   Application
                   ,
                   bestir
                   themselves
                   in
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   their
                   Garden
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   seen
                   indefatigably
                   to
                   pursue
                   all
                   the
                   works
                   I
                   have
                   mentioned
                   in
                   the
                   particular
                   Treatise
                   I
                   made
                   on
                   that
                   subject
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   therefore
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   to
                   repeat
                   here
                   again
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   extent
                   of
                   our
                   Ground
                   be
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Labourers
                   proportionable
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   the
                   pleasure
                   with
                   one
                   cast
                   of
                   an
                   Eye
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   diging
                   ,
                   making
                   up
                   ,
                   sowing
                   ,
                   planting
                   ,
                   howing
                   ,
                   weeding
                   ,
                   graffing
                   ,
                   pruning
                   ,
                   &c.
                   for
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Month
                   be
                   out
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   should
                   be
                   taken
                   up
                   either
                   with
                   Seeds
                   or
                   plants
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   serve
                   for
                   provision
                   for
                   the
                   whole
                   year
                   .
                   All
                   that
                   was
                   before
                   covered
                   with
                   Dung
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   discharged
                   of
                   its
                   coverings
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   now
                   grown
                   hidious
                   ,
                   assoon
                   as
                   they
                   cease
                   to
                   be
                   necessary
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   thing
                   ought
                   to
                   breath
                   the
                   free
                   Air
                   ,
                   which
                   begins
                   now
                   to
                   cheer
                   both
                   Animals
                   and
                   Plants
                   ;
                   we
                   should
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   have
                   at
                   least
                   something
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   
                   gather
                   ,
                   either
                   of
                   Sallets
                   or
                   Radishes
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   new
                   Season
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   of
                   the
                   foregoing
                   Months
                   have
                   not
                   as
                   yet
                   obliged
                   us
                   with
                   that
                   pleasure
                   ;
                   But
                   neatness
                   and
                   politeness
                   ought
                   particularly
                   to
                   glitter
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   and
                   serve
                   for
                   a
                   varnish
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Alleys
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   dressed
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   that
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   first
                   dawning
                   of
                   the
                   rising
                   Green
                   that
                   is
                   now
                   springing
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Womb
                   of
                   the
                   teeming
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   perfumed
                   breath
                   of
                   those
                   Plants
                   which
                   Heavens
                   richer
                   influences
                   have
                   made
                   odoriferous
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Flowers
                   which
                   begin
                   to
                   display
                   their
                   beauties
                   on
                   every
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   harmony
                   of
                   the
                   pretty
                   Birds
                   ,
                   which
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   extraordinary
                   gayety
                   and
                   briskness
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   inspires
                   with
                   amorous
                   prattle
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   melodious
                   Airs
                   to
                   strive
                   to
                   out-vie
                   each
                   other
                   .
                   This
                   neatness
                   may
                   concurr
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   Theater
                   of
                   pleasure
                   universally
                   perfect
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   with
                   irresistible
                   allurements
                   intice
                   the
                   curious
                   to
                   the
                   divertisement
                   of
                   walking
                   in
                   so
                   delicious
                   a
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   find
                   any
                   thing
                   new
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   our
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   an
                   augmentation
                   of
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   for
                   Musk-Melons
                   and
                   Cucumbers
                   .
                   The
                   Earth
                   in
                   them
                   should
                   now
                   be
                   covered
                   almost
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   a
                   new
                   decoration
                   of
                   Infant
                   Plants
                   ;
                   Here
                   we
                   should
                   see
                   Artichokes
                   rising
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   from
                   the
                   dead
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   Asparagus
                   piercing
                   the
                   Ground
                   in
                   a
                   thousand
                   places
                   ;
                   here
                   we
                   should
                   with
                   pleasure
                   observe
                   the
                   
                     Cabbage
                     Lettuce
                  
                   wind
                   up
                   it self
                   into
                   round
                   Balls
                   ,
                   and
                   here
                   that
                   multitude
                   of
                   Green
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   and
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   so
                   different
                   in
                   colour
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   various
                   in
                   their
                   shapes
                   ;
                   These
                   ,
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   Innocent
                   and
                   natural
                   Dainties
                   which
                   there
                   present
                   themselves
                   for
                   the
                   nourishment
                   ,
                   and
                   Delicious
                   entertainment
                   of
                   Humane
                   kind
                   .
                   The
                   Jacinth
                   ,
                   the
                   Tulip
                   ,
                   the
                   Anemone
                   ,
                   the
                   Ranimculus
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   many
                   other
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   with
                   what
                   Glories
                   do
                   they
                   not
                   adorn
                   the
                   Gardens
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   ?
                   That
                   which
                   is
                   here
                   to
                   be
                   remarked
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   the
                   ordinary
                   maintaining
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   already
                   done
                   and
                   perfected
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   which
                   should
                   most
                   take
                   up
                   our
                   thoughts
                   is
                   the
                   hopes
                   of
                   a
                   future
                   crop
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   now
                   being
                   eager
                   to
                   run
                   and
                   view
                   the
                   Trees
                   that
                   shed
                   their
                   Blossoms
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   whether
                   much
                   Fruit
                   knit
                   upon
                   them
                   or
                   no
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   visit
                   the
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   of
                   Musk-Melons
                   and
                   Cucumbers
                   that
                   seem
                   to
                   have
                   taken
                   well
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   how
                   liberally
                   they
                   are
                   like
                   to
                   recompence
                   them
                   for
                   all
                   the
                   pains
                   bestowed
                   upon
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   comes
                   in
                   ,
                   what
                   contentment
                   have
                   we
                   not
                   in
                   useful
                   
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   how
                   great
                   are
                   the
                   sweets
                   of
                   enjoyment
                   which
                   we
                   begin
                   then
                   to
                   taste
                   ?
                   We
                   have
                   now
                   no
                   longer
                   occasion
                   to
                   demand
                   why
                   such
                   and
                   such
                   spots
                   of
                   Ground
                   are
                   yet
                   bare
                   ,
                   Spanish
                   
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Collyflowers
                     ,
                     Chard-Beets
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   even
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Cabbage
                     Lettuces
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   appear
                   so
                   early
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   which
                   those
                   places
                   were
                   designed
                   ,
                   coming
                   to
                   occupy
                   them
                   at
                   the
                   latter
                   end
                   of
                   April
                   ,
                   or
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   Purslain
                   which
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   delicateness
                   of
                   its
                   temper
                   ,
                   had
                   till
                   now
                   been
                   retain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Seed
                   Closet
                   ,
                   comes
                   out
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   to
                   gild
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   offer
                   it self
                   in
                   abundance
                   to
                   pleasure
                   its
                   Master
                   .
                   The
                   Straw-berries
                   beginning
                   to
                   come
                   now
                   to
                   maturity
                   open
                   and
                   lead
                   the
                   way
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   
                     Red
                     Fruits
                  
                   which
                   are
                   immediately
                   to
                   follow
                   after
                   them
                   :
                   
                     Green
                     Peas
                  
                   are
                   ready
                   to
                   satisfie
                   the
                   longing
                   Appetire
                   of
                   the
                   lickerish
                   Palate
                   .
                   Mushrooms
                   shoot
                   up
                   in
                   Crowds
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   fine
                   ,
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   things
                   contained
                   in
                   the
                   Alphabet
                   I
                   have
                   premised
                   before
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   hardly
                   any
                   but
                   Spinage
                   ,
                   and
                   Mâches
                   ,
                   that
                   stave
                   off
                   the
                   performance
                   of
                   their
                   duty
                   till
                   August
                   and
                   September
                   ,
                   for
                   we
                   may
                   now
                   see
                   some
                   little
                   beginnings
                   even
                   of
                   Endive
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   Hasting
                   or
                   
                     Early
                     Cherries
                  
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   Fruit
                   that
                   appeared
                   in
                   this
                   Month
                   of
                   May
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Hasting
                     Apricocks
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Little
                     Muscat
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Avant
                     Peaches
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Forward
                     Peaches
                  
                   will
                   not
                   leave
                   them
                   long
                   alone
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   being
                   the
                   sole
                   Riches
                   and
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   all
                   these
                   Fruits
                   being
                   now
                   preparing
                   themselves
                   to
                   appear
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   few
                   days
                   ;
                   the
                   Musk-Melons
                   likewise
                   will
                   not
                   stay
                   long
                   behind
                   them
                   ,
                   &c.
                   while
                   the
                   Cucumbers
                   with
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   both
                   of
                   Lettuces
                   and
                   of
                   other
                   Plants
                   ,
                   satisfie
                   both
                   our
                   Palates
                   and
                   Necessities
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Flowers
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   Mid-May
                   we
                   carry
                   abroad
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   houses
                   ,
                   perform
                   likewise
                   their
                   functions
                   in
                   delighting
                   both
                   our
                   Sight
                   and
                   Smell
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   parching
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   June
                   ,
                   hinders
                   us
                   indeed
                   from
                   going
                   into
                   our
                   
                   Garden
                   in
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   day
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   charms
                   are
                   there
                   not
                   in
                   going
                   to
                   visit
                   it
                   Morning
                   and
                   Evening
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   cool
                   breathings
                   of
                   a
                   gentle
                   Zephir
                   reign
                   there
                   with
                   Sovereign
                   sway
                   ?
                   Now
                   is
                   the
                   Season
                   when
                   we
                   may
                   visibly
                   perceive
                   with
                   our
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   all
                   things
                   to
                   grow
                   and
                   thrive
                   ,
                   and
                   see
                   a
                   Branch
                   that
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   days
                   before
                   ,
                   was
                   not
                   above
                   a
                   foot
                   long
                   ,
                   now
                   shot
                   out
                   to
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   .
                   Leeks
                   are
                   now
                   planted
                   ,
                   and
                   squares
                   covered
                   with
                   Green
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   compleat
                   the
                   tapestry
                   ;
                   that
                   odorns
                   the
                   Ground
                   the
                   Vine
                   Flowers
                   make
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   throughly
                   embalming
                   the
                   air
                   which
                   was
                   already
                   all
                   over
                   perfumed
                   with
                   the
                   grateful
                   odour
                   of
                   the
                   Straw-berries
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   We
                   gather
                   in
                   all
                   parts
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   with
                   profusion
                   distribute
                   all
                   those
                   Plants
                   that
                   are
                   become
                   so
                   beautiful
                   and
                   accomplish'd
                   ;
                   we
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   places
                   again
                   we
                   had
                   disfurnish'd
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   hardly
                   ever
                   remains
                   any
                   part
                   void
                   ;
                   and
                   nature
                   now
                   affects
                   no
                   better
                   divertisement
                   than
                   to
                   be
                   amazing
                   us
                   with
                   miracles
                   of
                   fertillity
                   ,
                   so
                   well
                   assisted
                   as
                   she
                   is
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   kindly
                   warmth
                   of
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Light
                   ;
                   only
                   she
                   needs
                   now
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Auxiliary
                   refreshment
                   of
                   convenient
                   moisture
                   ,
                   moisture
                   which
                   the
                   propitious
                   Clouds
                   sometimes
                   abundantly
                   pour
                   down
                   ,
                   but
                   which
                   sometimes
                   the
                   Gard'ners
                   Industry
                   too
                   is
                   fain
                   to
                   supply
                   her
                   with
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   need
                   .
                   The
                   
                     Cold
                     Beds
                  
                   and
                   Counterborders
                   Levelled
                   and
                   adjusted
                   so
                   even
                   to
                   a
                   line
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   Cabbage-Lettuces
                   ,
                   what
                   pleasure
                   do
                   they
                   not
                   afford
                   to
                   behold
                   them
                   ?
                   That
                   forest
                   of
                   Artichokes
                   of
                   different
                   colours
                   which
                   appears
                   in
                   a
                   select
                   and
                   particular
                   place
                   ,
                   doth
                   it
                   not
                   call
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   curious
                   to
                   come
                   and
                   admire
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   especially
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   their
                   goodness
                   and
                   delicacy
                   ,
                   whilst
                   they
                   are
                   also
                   passing
                   their
                   opinions
                   of
                   their
                   beauty
                   and
                   abundance
                   ?
                   The
                   Palisades
                   and
                   Pole-Hedges
                   so
                   exquisitely
                   well
                   extended
                   ,
                   and
                   resounding
                   with
                   the
                   warbling
                   notes
                   of
                   chirping
                   Birds
                   which
                   we
                   pass
                   through
                   in
                   going
                   to
                   this
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   commence
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   their
                   walk
                   ,
                   compleat
                   it
                   at
                   their
                   going
                   back
                   ,
                   and
                   inspire
                   them
                   with
                   a
                   longing
                   desire
                   to
                   return
                   again
                   with
                   all
                   convenient
                   speed
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   these
                   two
                   Months
                   of
                   July
                   and
                   
                     August
                     ,
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                  
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   richly
                   and
                   happily
                   endowed
                   with
                   whatsoever
                   their
                   condition
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   find
                   plenty
                   
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   there
                   both
                   to
                   satisfie
                   the
                   pleasures
                   of
                   the
                   present
                   ,
                   and
                   provide
                   for
                   the
                   necessities
                   of
                   the
                   future
                   time
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   let
                   us
                   require
                   of
                   them
                   what
                   we
                   please
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   as
                   ready
                   to
                   answer
                   as
                   we
                   to
                   make
                   our
                   Demands
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   example
                   have
                   we
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   all
                   or
                   any
                   sorts
                   of
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   Roots
                   ,
                   
                     Sallets
                     ,
                     Perfumes
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   They
                   will
                   immediately
                   furnish
                   us
                   with
                   them
                   ;
                   have
                   we
                   a
                   fancy
                   to
                   any
                   Musk-Melons
                   those
                   chief
                   and
                   principal
                   Fruits
                   of
                   our
                   Climate
                   ?
                   we
                   may
                   smell
                   them
                   a
                   great
                   way
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   need
                   but
                   follow
                   our
                   noses
                   and
                   go
                   and
                   visit
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   stoop
                   and
                   gather
                   them
                   ;
                   Would
                   we
                   have
                   any
                   Cucumbers
                   ,
                   flat
                   Pumpions
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   Pumpions
                   or
                   
                     Citrulls
                     ,
                     Mushrooms
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   They
                   will
                   present
                   us
                   with
                   store
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   Do
                   our
                   Appetites
                   further
                   crave
                   after
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Pears
                     ,
                     Plums
                     ,
                     Figs.
                  
                   &c.
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   find
                   there
                   a
                   considerable
                   quantity
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   things
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   Have
                   we
                   a
                   mind
                   likewise
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   sweet
                   and
                   Aromatical
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Time
                     ,
                     Sage
                     ,
                     Savory
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   or
                   any
                   relishing
                   Plants
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Rocamboles
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Spanish
                     Garlick
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   There
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   fear
                   to
                   be
                   supplied
                   .
                   Nay
                   ,
                   the
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   next
                   preceeding
                   Months
                   seem
                   only
                   to
                   have
                   laboured
                   for
                   these
                   two
                   last
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   expect
                   all
                   should
                   go
                   well
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   in
                   this
                   season
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   be
                   provided
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   above
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   has
                   the
                   skill
                   to
                   chuse
                   well
                   ,
                   and
                   Judgment
                   enough
                   to
                   know
                   how
                   and
                   when
                   to
                   gather
                   .
                   The
                   Carnations
                   now
                   are
                   no
                   small
                   Ornaments
                   to
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Florists
                   now
                   are
                   busie
                   in
                   couching
                   their
                   layers
                   ,
                   and
                   forget
                   not
                   to
                   take
                   their
                   Bulbous
                   Roots
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   to
                   lay
                   them
                   up
                   in
                   places
                   of
                   shelter
                   and
                   security
                   .
                
                 
                   If
                   in
                   July
                   and
                   August
                   our
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   have
                   signalized
                   themselves
                   by
                   their
                   
                     Musk-Melons
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Legumes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   by
                   their
                   Plums
                   ,
                   their
                   first
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   few
                   
                   Pears
                   ,
                   &c.
                   we
                   shall
                   see
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   September
                   and
                   October
                   which
                   succeed
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   will
                   shew
                   themselves
                   exceedingly
                   Glorious
                   in
                   the
                   matter
                   of
                   Fruits
                   which
                   will
                   be
                   by
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   
                     Peaches
                     ,
                     Muscat
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Chassela's
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   second
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   
                     Russelet
                     ,
                     Butter
                     ,
                     Verte
                     Longue
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Long
                     Green
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Bergamot
                     Pears
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   This
                   being
                   undoubtedly
                   the
                   true
                   Season
                   for
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   time
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   year
                   wherein
                   the
                   Country
                   is
                   most
                   frequented
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   moderate
                   temper
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   which
                   now
                   keeps
                   an
                   agreeable
                   Medium
                   between
                   the
                   great
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Dog-days
                   newly
                   past
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   bitter
                   Cold
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   bring
                   on
                   Winter
                   ;
                   this
                   charming
                   moderate
                   temper
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   weather
                   ,
                   Invites
                   out
                   the
                   inhabitants
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   sally
                   out
                   to
                   go
                   and
                   breath
                   the
                   free
                   Air
                   of
                   the
                   Countrey
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   assist
                   at
                   the
                   diverting
                   employment
                   of
                   the
                   Vintage
                   ,
                   and
                   gathering
                   of
                   Fruits
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Gardens
                   ought
                   now
                   to
                   surpass
                   in
                   an
                   infinite
                   quantity
                   of
                   all
                   they
                   were
                   accustomed
                   to
                   produce
                   in
                   other
                   Months
                   ,
                   nor
                   is
                   it
                   fit
                   now
                   to
                   suffer
                   one
                   speck
                   of
                   Ground
                   to
                   lie
                   idle
                   .
                   For
                   if
                   any
                   square
                   has
                   been
                   newly
                   disfurnished
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   example
                   ,
                   a
                   
                     Garlick
                     Onion
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Shallot
                     Square
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   we
                   should
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   fill
                   it
                   up
                   presently
                   again
                   with
                   
                     Spinage
                     ,
                     Mâches
                     ,
                     Cheroil
                     ,
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   The
                   same
                   course
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   with
                   some
                   Beds
                   of
                   
                     Summer
                     Lettuces
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   succeeded
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Endive
                   Plants
                   ,
                   
                     Winter
                     Lettuces
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   The
                   Bulbous
                   Roots
                   of
                   Flowers
                   must
                   now
                   be
                   put
                   into
                   the
                   Earth
                   again
                   ,
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   take
                   such
                   new
                   Root
                   as
                   may
                   defend
                   them
                   against
                   the
                   rigours
                   of
                   the
                   approaching
                   Winter
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   first
                   White
                   Frosts
                   of
                   November
                   that
                   make
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Trees
                   grow
                   Yellow
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   loosen
                   them
                   from
                   the
                   places
                   where
                   they
                   grew
                   ,
                   that
                   shrivel
                   up
                   and
                   rot
                   the
                   Leaves
                   of
                   Endive
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   larger
                   Lettuces
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Blacken
                   the
                   Artichoke
                   Tops
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   cruel
                   ,
                   and
                   Dreadful
                   fore-runners
                   ,
                   that
                   give
                   us
                   warning
                   of
                   the
                   approach
                   of
                   Winter
                   that
                   common
                   and
                   merciless
                   Enemy
                   of
                   all
                   Vegetation
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   we
                   must
                   take
                   care
                   early
                   to
                   secure
                   in
                   our
                   Conservatory
                   or
                   store-house
                   ,
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   liable
                   to
                   be
                   spoiled
                   by
                   the
                   Cold
                   without-doors
                   ,
                   and
                   besides
                   ,
                   to
                   cover
                   with
                   long
                   dry
                   Dung
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   we
                   cannot
                   conveniently
                   take
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   which
                   yet
                   will
                   run
                   great
                   hazard
                   of
                   perishing
                   without
                   being
                   sheltered
                   with
                   some
                   covering
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   in
                   this
                   kind
                   of
                   hasty
                   breaking
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   removing
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   every
                   body
                   extraordinary
                   busie
                   in
                   plying
                   their
                   duty
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   would
                   advise
                   our
                   Gard'ner
                   to
                   increase
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   his
                   Labourers
                   ,
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   damage
                   he
                   is
                   theat'ned
                   with
                   .
                   The
                   prickle
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   and
                   Hand-barrows
                   should
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   be
                   plyed
                   with
                   the
                   greatest
                   vigour
                   and
                   diligence
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   always
                   the
                   one
                   going
                   thither
                   and
                   coming
                   away
                   again
                   loaden
                   with
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   laid
                   up
                   or
                   housed
                   in
                   the
                   store-house
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   filled
                   with
                   Dung
                   ,
                   to
                   cover
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   .
                   In
                   a
                   word
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   tell
                   how
                   to
                   pardon
                   those
                   that
                   either
                   by
                   imprudence
                   or
                   negligence
                   ,
                   let
                   themselves
                   be
                   surprized
                   in
                   such
                   important
                   occasions
                   as
                   this
                   ,
                   for
                   I
                   would
                   not
                   have
                   them
                   indulge
                   themselves
                   any
                   rest
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   till
                   all
                   their
                   business
                   be
                   done
                   :
                   I
                   would
                   likewise
                   have
                   the
                   store-house
                   or
                   Conservatory
                   well
                   filled
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   things
                   in
                   it
                   placed
                   in
                   a
                   regular
                   order
                   .
                   And
                   I
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   whole
                   Garden
                   put
                   on
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   another
                   strange
                   and
                   new
                   kind
                   of
                   cloathing
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   a
                   Cloathing
                   as
                   at
                   another
                   time
                   would
                   render
                   it
                   ugly
                   and
                   disagreeable
                   .
                   I
                   need
                   not
                   name
                   here
                   of
                   what
                   stuff
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   composed
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   smell
                   well
                   enough
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   generally
                   of
                   long
                   Dung.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Month
                   of
                   December
                   ,
                   is
                   still
                   not
                   without
                   standing
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   
                   activity
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   that
                   the
                   preceeding
                   Month
                   proves
                   too
                   short
                   to
                   let
                   us
                   finish
                   all
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   therefore
                   be
                   made
                   an
                   end
                   of
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   particularly
                   if
                   the
                   Cold
                   have
                   not
                   yet
                   made
                   all
                   the
                   havock
                   it
                   is
                   capable
                   of
                   :
                   We
                   must
                   then
                   mind
                   exactly
                   to
                   do
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   directed
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   under
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   the
                   Works
                   of
                   this
                   Month
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   should
                   expect
                   to
                   see
                   now
                   a
                   great
                   diligence
                   used
                   to
                   prepare
                   the
                   Novelties
                   of
                   the
                   following
                   Spring
                   ;
                   to
                   clear
                   the
                   places
                   of
                   old
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   make
                   preparation
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   new
                   ones
                   with
                   all
                   imaginable
                   expedition
                   ,
                   and
                   care
                   taken
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   good
                   provision
                   of
                   long
                   Dung
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   Glass-Bells
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   keep
                   all
                   the
                   Glass-Frames
                   in
                   good
                   repair
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   here
                   I
                   shall
                   not
                   forget
                   to
                   recommend
                   to
                   those
                   curious
                   persons
                   who
                   are
                   blessed
                   with
                   the
                   means
                   to
                   do
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   care
                   to
                   force
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   recruit
                   their
                   Beds
                   with
                   new
                   warmth
                   as
                   often
                   as
                   their
                   great
                   heat
                   shall
                   begin
                   to
                   flag
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   work
                   indeed
                   of
                   no
                   inconsiderable
                   pains
                   and
                   expence
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   pleasure
                   to
                   see
                   growing
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   severest
                   Frost
                   and
                   Snow
                   ,
                   abundance
                   of
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   both
                   thick
                   ,
                   green
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   way
                   most
                   excellent
                   ,
                   is
                   great
                   enough
                   to
                   take
                   us
                   off
                   from
                   grudging
                   at
                   our
                   cost
                   or
                   trouble
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   truly
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   a
                   priviledge
                   hardly
                   belonging
                   to
                   any
                   but
                   our
                   King
                   ,
                   to
                   taste
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   pleasure
                   as
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   perhaps
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   least
                   which
                   his
                   Versailles
                   has
                   afforded
                   him
                   by
                   the
                   care
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   the
                   honour
                   to
                   take
                   of
                   it
                   for
                   that
                   effect
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   may
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   is
                   certainly
                   the
                   only
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   world
                   ,
                   where
                   a
                   Ground
                   naturally
                   Cold
                   ,
                   backward
                   and
                   unfruitful
                   ,
                   was
                   ever
                   seen
                   to
                   be
                   forced
                   to
                   bear
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   hardest
                   Winter
                   ,
                   what
                   the
                   best
                   Grounds
                   produce
                   not
                   but
                   in
                   temperate
                   Seasons
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     What
                     sort
                     of
                     Ground
                     is
                     Proper
                     to
                     each
                     Legume
                     and
                     Kitchen-Plant
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   certain
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   which
                   want
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   Qualities
                   required
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   produce
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   together
                   ,
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   fair
                   and
                   good
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   supposing
                   always
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   be
                   reasonably
                   well
                   cultivated
                   :
                   And
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   besides
                   that
                   ,
                   have
                   the
                   faculty
                   to
                   produce
                   them
                   more
                   early
                   some
                   than
                   others
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   are
                   such
                   Grounds
                   as
                   they
                   commonly
                   call
                   Black
                   Sands
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   is
                   found
                   an
                   equal
                   temper
                   between
                   dry
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   accompanied
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   exposition
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   an
                   inexhaustible
                   Salt
                   of
                   fertility
                   ,
                   rendring
                   them
                   easie
                   to
                   be
                   entred
                   by
                   the
                   spade
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   penetrated
                   by
                   the
                   rain
                   waters
                   :
                   But
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   no
                   less
                   certain
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   rare
                   enough
                   to
                   find
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   perfect
                   sorts
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   
                   contrary
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   usual
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   offend
                   either
                   in
                   being
                   too
                   dry
                   ,
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   parching
                   ,
                   or
                   over
                   moist
                   ,
                   heavy
                   and
                   cold
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   by
                   being
                   unfortunately
                   situated
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   too
                   high
                   ,
                   some
                   too
                   sloping
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   again
                   too
                   low
                   ,
                   and
                   too
                   much
                   in
                   a
                   bottom
                   .
                   Happy
                   are
                   those
                   Gard'ners
                   that
                   meet
                   with
                   those
                   first
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   admirably
                   well
                   disposed
                   for
                   Cultivation
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   hardly
                   ever
                   any
                   bad
                   success
                   to
                   fear
                   ,
                   but
                   commonly
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   good
                   Fortune
                   to
                   expect
                   :
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   unhappy
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   pitied
                   are
                   those
                   whose
                   Lot
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   have
                   always
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Enemies
                   of
                   Vegetation
                   to
                   combat
                   with
                   ,
                   I
                   mean
                   ,
                   either
                   great
                   drought
                   ,
                   or
                   more
                   especially
                   excessive
                   moisture
                   ,
                   because
                   this
                   last
                   ,
                   besides
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   always
                   attended
                   with
                   a
                   chilling
                   cold
                   that
                   retards
                   its
                   productions
                   ,
                   is
                   likewise
                   apt
                   to
                   rot
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   correct
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   impossible
                   entirely
                   to
                   surmount
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   defect
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   altogether
                   so
                   difficult
                   to
                   qualifie
                   a
                   dry
                   temper
                   ,
                   for
                   provided
                   it
                   be
                   not
                   extream
                   great
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   Water
                   to
                   water
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Dung
                   to
                   amend
                   and
                   inrich
                   it
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   Masters
                   of
                   two
                   Soveraign
                   and
                   Infallible
                   Remedies
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   must
                   apply
                   for
                   its
                   cure
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   by
                   care
                   and
                   pains
                   we
                   may
                   get
                   the
                   Conquest
                   over
                   those
                   dry
                   and
                   stubborn
                   Lands
                   ,
                   and
                   force
                   them
                   to
                   bring
                   forth
                   in
                   abundance
                   all
                   things
                   we
                   shall
                   regularly
                   demand
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   follows
                   thence
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   so
                   happy
                   as
                   to
                   meet
                   with
                   those
                   choice
                   good
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   indifferently
                   both
                   sow
                   and
                   plant
                   every
                   where
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   any
                   sorts
                   of
                   Legumes
                   or
                   Plants
                   whatsoever
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   assured
                   Confidence
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   prosper
                   there
                   .
                   The
                   only
                   Subjection
                   we
                   are
                   obliged
                   to
                   in
                   such
                   Grounds
                   is
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   to
                   weed
                   much
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   produce
                   abundance
                   of
                   Weeds
                   among
                   the
                   good
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   and
                   secondly
                   to
                   be
                   often
                   removing
                   our
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   and
                   changing
                   their
                   places
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   an
                   essential
                   point
                   of
                   Practice
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   convenient
                   to
                   place
                   for
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   times
                   together
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   Vegetables
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   piece
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   requires
                   these
                   sorts
                   of
                   Changes
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   assured
                   in
                   this
                   Diversity
                   ,
                   to
                   find
                   wherewithall
                   to
                   recruit
                   and
                   perpetuate
                   its
                   first
                   vigour
                   .
                   And
                   though
                   in
                   those
                   good
                   Grounds
                   all
                   things
                   prosper
                   admirably
                   well
                   ,
                   yet
                   is
                   it
                   a
                   most
                   undoubted
                   truth
                   ,
                   that
                   Southern
                   and
                   Eastern
                   Expositions
                   are
                   here
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   every
                   where
                   else
                   ,
                   more
                   proper
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   West
                   and
                   North
                   ,
                   to
                   forward
                   ,
                   and
                   improve
                   its
                   productions
                   ,
                   witness
                   
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Hasting
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Cherries
                  
                   and
                   
                     Muscat-Grapes
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   
                   To
                   balance
                   which
                   ,
                   these
                   last
                   Expositions
                   have
                   likewise
                   some
                   peculiar
                   advantages
                   ,
                   that
                   make
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   esteemed
                   in
                   their
                   turn
                   ;
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   excessive
                   heats
                   of
                   Summer
                   ,
                   that
                   often
                   scorch
                   up
                   every
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   our
                   Legumes
                   and
                   other
                   plants
                   run
                   up
                   too
                   hastily
                   to
                   Seed
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   exempt
                   from
                   those
                   violent
                   impressions
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Sun
                   makes
                   upon
                   those
                   places
                   that
                   are
                   fully
                   exposed
                   to
                   his
                   burning
                   Rays
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   our
                   Plants
                   will
                   ,
                   maintain
                   themselves
                   longer
                   in
                   good
                   plight
                   in
                   those
                   situations
                   than
                   in
                   the
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   also
                   follows
                   from
                   hence
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   any
                   Person
                   have
                   Ground
                   ,
                   though
                   tolerably
                   good
                   ,
                   yet
                   not
                   of
                   an
                   equal
                   goodness
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   either
                   caused
                   by
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   its
                   natural
                   temper
                   ,
                   or
                   situation
                   ,
                   and
                   sloping
                   inclination
                   upwards
                   or
                   downwards
                   ,
                   that
                   then
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   skill
                   and
                   industry
                   of
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   shews
                   it self
                   ,
                   by
                   knowing
                   how
                   to
                   allot
                   every
                   plant
                   the
                   place
                   in
                   which
                   it
                   may
                   best
                   come
                   to
                   maturity
                   in
                   every
                   Season
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   regard
                   of
                   forwardness
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   of
                   Backwardness
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   its
                   outward
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   and
                   inward
                   perfection
                   .
                
                 
                   Generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   those
                   Grounds
                   that
                   are
                   moderately
                   dry
                   ,
                   light
                   ,
                   and
                   sandy
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   though
                   they
                   be
                   a
                   little
                   strong
                   and
                   heavy
                   ,
                   are
                   situated
                   on
                   a
                   gentle
                   rising
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   or
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   backed
                   by
                   great
                   Mountains
                   ,
                   or
                   fenced
                   by
                   high
                   Walls
                   against
                   the
                   Cold
                   Winds
                   ,
                   are
                   more
                   disposed
                   to
                   produce
                   the
                   Novelties
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   strong
                   ,
                   heavy
                   ,
                   fat
                   and
                   moist
                   Sands
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   Hand
                   ,
                   in
                   Summers
                   when
                   there
                   falls
                   but
                   little
                   Rain
                   ,
                   these
                   last
                   produce
                   thicker
                   and
                   better
                   nourisht
                   Legumes
                   ,
                   and
                   require
                   not
                   such
                   large
                   and
                   frequent
                   Waterings
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   find
                   some
                   sort
                   of
                   Consolation
                   and
                   Satisfaction
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   though
                   absolutely
                   speaking
                   ,
                   all
                   things
                   that
                   may
                   enter
                   into
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   may
                   grow
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   altogether
                   Barren
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   observed
                   in
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Earth
                   agree
                   not
                   equally
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plants
                   ,
                   our
                   able
                   Market
                   Gard'ners
                   in
                   the
                   Neighbourhood
                   of
                   Paris
                   ,
                   justifie
                   the
                   truth
                   of
                   this
                   by
                   a
                   most
                   convincing
                   Experience
                   ,
                   for
                   we
                   see
                   that
                   such
                   of
                   them
                   whose
                   Gardens
                   are
                   in
                   Sandy
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   seldom
                   mind
                   to
                   plant
                   in
                   them
                   any
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Collyflowers
                     ,
                     Beet-Chards
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                     Beet-raves
                  
                   or
                   
                     Red
                     Beet-Roots
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Roots
                   ,
                   &c.
                   as
                   those
                   do
                   that
                   have
                   theirs
                   in
                   stronger
                   and
                   more
                   hearty
                   Lands
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   these
                   last
                   employ
                   not
                   their
                   Ground
                   in
                   
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Purslain
                     ,
                     Lettuce
                     ,
                     Endive
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   other
                   small
                   plants
                   that
                   are
                   delicate
                   and
                   subject
                   to
                   perish
                   with
                   Mildew
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   wet
                   rot
                   as
                   do
                   those
                   whose
                   Gardens
                   are
                   in
                   lighter
                   Lands
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   From
                   all
                   that
                   I
                   have
                   asserted
                   ,
                   there
                   result
                   two
                   things
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   an
                   able
                   Gard'ner
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   pretty
                   dry
                   or
                   hilly
                   Ground
                   to
                   cultivate
                   with
                   an
                   Obligation
                   to
                   have
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   things
                   in
                   his
                   Garden
                   ,
                   should
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   moistest
                   parts
                   those
                   plants
                   that
                   require
                   a
                   little
                   moisture
                   to
                   bring
                   them
                   to
                   perfection
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Red
                     Beet-Roots
                     ,
                     Scorzonera's
                     ,
                     Salsisies
                     ,
                     Carrots
                     ,
                     Parsnips
                     ,
                     Skirrets
                     ,
                     Beet-Chards
                     ,
                     Collyflowers
                  
                   and
                   
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Spinage
                     ,
                     Common
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Currans
                     ,
                     Gooseberries
                     ,
                     Raspberries
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Ciboules
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Radishes
                     ,
                     Patience
                  
                   or
                   
                     Dock-Sorrel
                     ,
                     Sweet
                     Herbs
                     ,
                     Borage
                     Bugloss
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   (
                   supposing
                   the
                   Provisions
                   above
                   specified
                   ,
                   without
                   which
                   nothing
                   will
                   be
                   sightly
                   ,
                   be
                   already
                   planted
                   in
                   its
                   other
                   parts
                   )
                   he
                   should
                   fill
                   up
                   the
                   drier
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Garden
                   with
                   Lettuces
                   of
                   all
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   
                     Endive
                     ,
                     Succory
                     ,
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Basil
                     ,
                     Burnet
                     ,
                     Mint
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   other
                   Sallet-Furnitures
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Purslain
                     ,
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     Shalots
                     ,
                     Winter-Cabbages
                     ,
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   little
                   Sallets
                   ;
                   he
                   may
                   likewise
                   plant
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   places
                   what
                   Grapes
                   he
                   has
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   must
                   place
                   his
                   Legumes
                   there
                   at
                   moderate
                   distances
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   grow
                   not
                   of
                   so
                   large
                   a
                   Size
                   and
                   Stature
                   there
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   fatter
                   places
                   .
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   keep
                   his
                   Walks
                   and
                   Path-ways
                   higher
                   than
                   his
                   dressed
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   draw
                   into
                   these
                   latter
                   the
                   Rain
                   waters
                   that
                   would
                   be
                   but
                   unuseful
                   and
                   incommodious
                   in
                   the
                   Walks
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   render
                   the
                   artificial
                   waterings
                   he
                   shall
                   be
                   obliged
                   to
                   use
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   greater
                   advantage
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   by
                   preventing
                   them
                   from
                   running
                   out
                   any
                   where
                   aside
                   ,
                   which
                   must
                   be
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   principal
                   Applications
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   must
                   also
                   chuse
                   out
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Grounds
                   those
                   Parts
                   which
                   come
                   the
                   nearest
                   to
                   the
                   good
                   temper
                   between
                   dry
                   and
                   moist
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   raising
                   of
                   
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   because
                   these
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plants
                   languish
                   with
                   drowth
                   in
                   places
                   too
                   dry
                   ,
                   and
                   perish
                   with
                   rottenness
                   in
                   parts
                   over-moist
                   .
                   He
                   must
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   Borders
                   under
                   his
                   Northern
                   Walls
                   his
                   
                     Alleluia's
                     ,
                     Latter
                     Strawberries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Bourdelais
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Verjuice
                     Grapes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Counter-Borders
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Northern
                   Quarter
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   make
                   his
                   
                     Nursery
                     Beds
                  
                   for
                   Strawberries
                   ,
                   and
                   sow
                   Chervil
                   all
                   the
                   Summer
                   long
                   ,
                   the
                   North
                   side
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   being
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   those
                   purposes
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   this
                   Gard'ner
                   should
                   be
                   curious
                   of
                   Novelties
                   ,
                   he
                   ought
                   to
                   look
                   upon
                   the
                   Banks
                   under
                   the
                   Walls
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   East
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   marvellous
                   and
                   favourable
                   shelter
                   for
                   the
                   raising
                   them
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   procuring
                   of
                   Strawberries
                   and
                   early
                   Peas
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   
                     May
                     ,
                     Violets
                  
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   March
                   ,
                   and
                   Cabbage-Lettuces
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   April
                   .
                   He
                   should
                   likewise
                   plant
                   in
                   the
                   dressed
                   Banks
                   next
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Eastern
                   and
                   Western
                   Walls
                   ,
                   his
                   Nursery
                   of
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   and
                   sow
                   there
                   his
                   
                     Winter
                     Lettuces
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Shell-Lettuces
                   ,
                   to
                   remain
                   there
                   all
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Winter
                   ,
                   till
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   it
                   be
                   time
                   to
                   transplant
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   places
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   come
                   to
                   perfection
                   ;
                   He
                   should
                   likewise
                   plant
                   in
                   the
                   Borders
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Walls
                   ,
                   his
                   Passe-pierre
                   ,
                   or
                   Sampire
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   can
                   hardly
                   have
                   by
                   any
                   other
                   means
                   ,
                   which
                   course
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   followed
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Gardens
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   time
                   he
                   should
                   likewise
                   observe
                   this
                   particular
                   caution
                   to
                   throw
                   all
                   the
                   Snow
                   off
                   from
                   the
                   neighbouring
                   places
                   upon
                   the
                   dressed
                   Borders
                   of
                   those
                   Wall-trees
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   Eastern
                   Quarter
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   erecting
                   of
                   a
                   Magazine
                   ,
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   of
                   moisture
                   in
                   such
                   places
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Rain
                   but
                   seldom
                   falls
                   ,
                   as
                   upon
                   those
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   violent
                   heat
                   of
                   Summer
                   is
                   like
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   pernicious
                   influence
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   thing
                   that
                   Results
                   from
                   what
                   I
                   before
                   laid
                   down
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Gard'ner
                   whose
                   Garden
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   fat
                   and
                   moist
                   Ground
                   ,
                   must
                   take
                   a
                   quite
                   contrary
                   method
                   with
                   all
                   his
                   Plants
                   to
                   that
                   just
                   now
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ;
                   always
                   assuring
                   himself
                   that
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   it
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   moist
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   can
                   find
                   means
                   to
                   drain
                   and
                   render
                   them
                   lighter
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   of
                   no
                   other
                   use
                   to
                   him
                   than
                   to
                   produce
                   noxious
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   which
                   partake
                   the
                   least
                   of
                   that
                   intemperature
                   ,
                   whether
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Nature
                   and
                   Situation
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   the
                   care
                   and
                   industry
                   of
                   the
                   ingenious
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   are
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   lookt
                   upon
                   as
                   the
                   best
                   for
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   things
                   .
                   He
                   must
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   driest
                   parts
                   most
                   of
                   those
                   Plants
                   that
                   keep
                   in
                   their
                   places
                   for
                   several
                   years
                   together
                   ,
                   excepting
                   
                     Currans
                     ,
                     Goose-berries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Raspberry
                   Bushes
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Strawberries
                     ,
                     Wild
                     Endive
                  
                   or
                   Succory
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   In
                   other
                   places
                   ,
                   let
                   him
                   put
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   in
                   Summer
                   require
                   the
                   least
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   to
                   perfection
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     Sallets
                     ,
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Radishes
                     ,
                  
                   nay
                   and
                   
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Cellery
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   because
                   all
                   things
                   grow
                   thick
                   and
                   tall
                   in
                   those
                   fat
                   and
                   moist
                   places
                   ,
                   therefore
                   he
                   must
                   plant
                   his
                   Kitchen-plants
                   there
                   ,
                   at
                   greater
                   distances
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   than
                   in
                   drier
                   places
                   ;
                   he
                   must
                   also
                   keep
                   his
                   Beds
                   and
                   dressed
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   raised
                   higher
                   than
                   his
                   Walks
                   and
                   Path-ways
                   ,
                   to
                   help
                   to
                   drain
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Grounds
                   the
                   Water
                   that
                   is
                   so
                   hurtful
                   to
                   his
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   Reason
                   ,
                   his
                   Beds
                   of
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   as
                   likewise
                   his
                   Strawberry
                   and
                   
                     Cellery
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   his
                   Sallets
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   made
                   Hollow
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   must
                   be
                   that
                   are
                   made
                   in
                   drier
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   have
                   had
                   good
                   Success
                   in
                   the
                   new
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   at
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   fat
                   ,
                   viscous
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   Clayie
                   ,
                   by
                   raising
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   certain
                   large
                   squares
                   where
                   the
                   frequent
                   Rain
                   Waters
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   1682.
                   remained
                   without
                   penetrating
                   above
                   seven
                   or
                   eight
                   Inches
                   deep
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   having
                   given
                   to
                   the
                   said
                   squares
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   that
                   elevation
                   ,
                   a
                   sloping
                   descent
                   on
                   each
                   side
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   made
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   some
                   little
                   dikes
                   or
                   water-courses
                   about
                   a
                   foot
                   deep
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   separate
                   the
                   squares
                   from
                   the
                   Counterborders
                   as
                   particularly
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   mischievous
                   waters
                   which
                   by
                   staying
                   on
                   the
                   squares
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   would
                   ruine
                   all
                   the
                   Plants
                   in
                   them
                   ;
                   which
                   waters
                   afterwards
                   discharged
                   themselves
                   into
                   stone
                   gutters
                   which
                   I
                   had
                   purposely
                   ordered
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   carry
                   them
                   off
                   .
                   I
                   afterwards
                   raised
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Counterborders
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   Arch-wise
                   ,
                   that
                   what
                   water
                   might
                   remain
                   in
                   them
                   might
                   shoot
                   off
                   into
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   walks
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   which
                   there
                   were
                   other
                   little
                   dikes
                   almost
                   unperceivable
                   ,
                   to
                   receive
                   those
                   waters
                   and
                   convey
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   stone
                   gutters-newly
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ;
                   and
                   I
                   can
                   truly
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   I
                   used
                   this
                   precaution
                   ,
                   all
                   that
                   I
                   had
                   in
                   those
                   squares
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   of
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   most
                   rustical
                   and
                   hardy
                   sort
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Beet-Chards
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   but
                   to
                   the
                   very
                   Fruit-Trees
                   were
                   visibly
                   perceived
                   to
                   perish
                   ,
                   the
                   Plants
                   with
                   the
                   rot
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Trees
                   with
                   the
                   Jaundice
                   ,
                   besides
                   which
                   mischiefs
                   ,
                   the
                   winds
                   easily
                   threw
                   up
                   my
                   Trees
                   by
                   the
                   Roots
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   could
                   hardly
                   take
                   any
                   fast
                   hold
                   in
                   that
                   kind
                   of
                   Ground
                   that
                   were
                   grown
                   liquid
                   and
                   soft
                   like
                   new
                   made
                   mortar
                   ,
                   or
                   Pap.
                   My
                   forecast
                   and
                   diligence
                   were
                   a
                   great
                   help
                   to
                   me
                   in
                   that
                   cas
                   ,
                   eand
                   I
                   sincerely
                   advise
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   shall
                   have
                   to
                   do
                   with
                   places
                   of
                   the
                   like
                   difficulty
                   ,
                   to
                   use
                   the
                   same
                   method
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   can
                   find
                   out
                   no
                   better
                   expedient
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   reasoning
                   by
                   which
                   I
                   was
                   induced
                   to
                   this
                   way
                   of
                   proceeding
                   ,
                   was
                   this
                   :
                   That
                   though
                   the
                   excessive
                   quantity
                   of
                   water
                   did
                   reduce
                   that
                   unhappy
                   sort
                   of
                   Ground
                   to
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Marsh
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   disposed
                   it
                   afterwards
                   by
                   the
                   operation
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   heat
                   to
                   grow
                   as
                   hard
                   as
                   a
                   stone
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   rendred
                   it
                   uncapable
                   of
                   culture
                   in
                   either
                   of
                   those
                   two
                   states
                   wet
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   ,
                   yet
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   my
                   reason
                   suggested
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   I
                   could
                   hinder
                   the
                   first
                   inconvenience
                   which
                   was
                   the
                   rendring
                   of
                   this
                   Ground
                   too
                   Liquid
                   and
                   Marshy
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   an
                   infallible
                   means
                   to
                   secure
                   me
                   against
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   grow
                   hard
                   and
                   stony
                   ,
                   because
                   I
                   concluded
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   my
                   Grounds
                   having
                   been
                   once
                   made
                   light
                   and
                   loose
                   ,
                   could
                   be
                   kept
                   reasonably
                   dry
                   after
                   that
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   if
                   the
                   waters
                   were
                   hindred
                   from
                   lodging
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   any
                   more
                   so
                   closely
                   glued
                   together
                   as
                   to
                   grow
                   into
                   any
                   such
                   kind
                   of
                   stony
                   consistence
                   ,
                   but
                   would
                   become
                   tractable
                   like
                   other
                   Lands
                   ;
                   and
                   accordingly
                   I
                   found
                   my
                   reasoning
                   answered
                   by
                   the
                   success
                   which
                   I
                   expected
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     What
                     sort
                     of
                     Culture
                     is
                     most
                     proper
                     for
                     every
                     particular
                     Plant.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   considerable
                   Advance
                   to
                   have
                   settled
                   a
                   Garden
                   upon
                   a
                   good
                   foot
                   at
                   first
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   wisely
                   employed
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   assigned
                   out
                   all
                   its
                   parts
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   different
                   Qualifications
                   of
                   its
                   Ground
                   ,
                   the
                   goodness
                   of
                   its
                   Expositions
                   ,
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   the
                   Months
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   each
                   Plant
                   ;
                   But
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   all
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   likewise
                   carefully
                   cultivate
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   as
                   they
                   peculiarly
                   require
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   general
                   Culture
                   of
                   Kitchen-Gardens
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   particular
                   Culture
                   peculiar
                   to
                   each
                   Plant.
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   general
                   Culture
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   well
                   enough
                   known
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   most
                   necessary
                   and
                   important
                   points
                   of
                   it
                   consist
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   well
                   amending
                   and
                   mucking
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   naturally
                   good
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   because
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   exhaust
                   it
                   much
                   ;
                   secondly
                   ,
                   in
                   keeping
                   it
                   always
                   loose
                   and
                   stirred
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   digging
                   up
                   whole
                   Beds
                   ,
                   to
                   Sow
                   or
                   transplant
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   &c.
                   or
                   such
                   other
                   places
                   where
                   the
                   spade
                   may
                   be
                   employed
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   among
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Cardons
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   or
                   by
                   pecking
                   and
                   grubbing
                   up
                   where
                   the
                   closeness
                   of
                   the
                   Plants
                   to
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   will
                   permit
                   us
                   to
                   use
                   only
                   grubbing
                   instruments
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   among
                   
                     Straw-berries
                     ,
                     Lettuces
                     ,
                     Endive
                     ,
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   in
                   watering
                   plentifully
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Plants
                   in
                   very
                   Hot
                   weather
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   sandy
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   strong
                   and
                   rank
                   require
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   ,
                   always
                   observing
                   that
                   in
                   both
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ground
                   ,
                   watering
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   necessary
                   for
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   nor
                   for
                   borders
                   or
                   edgings
                   of
                   
                     Time
                     ,
                     Sage
                     ,
                     Lavender
                     ,
                     Hissop
                     ,
                     Rue
                     ,
                     Worm-wood
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   which
                   need
                   but
                   little
                   moisture
                   to
                   keep
                   them
                   in
                   good
                   plight
                   ;
                   Fourthly
                   ,
                   it
                   consists
                   in
                   keeping
                   the
                   
                   Superficies
                   of
                   our
                   Ground
                   clear
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Weeds
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   Weeding
                   ,
                   or
                   digging
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   only
                   raking
                   them
                   over
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   long
                   dressed
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   't
                   is
                   possible
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   may
                   always
                   appear
                   as
                   if
                   it
                   had
                   been
                   newly
                   stirred
                   up
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   shall
                   not
                   insist
                   any
                   longer
                   here
                   upon
                   the
                   head
                   of
                   the
                   General
                   Culture
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   well
                   known
                   to
                   all
                   people
                   ,
                   but
                   shall
                   only
                   declare
                   my
                   Opinion
                   and
                   the
                   practice
                   of
                   able
                   Gard'ners
                   in
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   peculiarly
                   to
                   be
                   used
                   to
                   each
                   particular
                   plant
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   I
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                   observing
                   to
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   Kitchen-Plants
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   Sown
                   to
                   remain
                   still
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   they
                   were
                   first
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   again
                   ,
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   transplanted
                   elsewhere
                   ;
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   prove
                   well
                   both
                   ways
                   ;
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   multiplied
                   without
                   Seed
                   ,
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   transplanted
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   that
                   are
                   cut
                   to
                   be
                   transplanted
                   ;
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   which
                   for
                   the
                   supply
                   of
                   Man-kind
                   ,
                   bear
                   several
                   times
                   in
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   last
                   longer
                   than
                   a
                   year
                   ;
                   others
                   that
                   produce
                   but
                   once
                   in
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   last
                   to
                   bear
                   for
                   several
                   years
                   after
                   ;
                   and
                   Lastly
                   some
                   again
                   ,
                   that
                   perish
                   after
                   their
                   first
                   production
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Plants
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Class
                   ,
                   are
                   Radishes
                   ,
                   almost
                   all
                   
                     Red
                     Beet-Roots
                     ,
                     Carrots
                     ,
                     Parsnips
                     ,
                     Skirrets
                     ,
                     Turneps
                     ,
                     Maches
                     ,
                     Reponces
                     ,
                     Scorzonera's
                     ,
                     Salsifies
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   besides
                   them
                   ,
                   
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     Wild
                     Endive
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     Succory
                     ,
                     Harts-Horn
                     Sallet
                     ,
                     Garden-Cresses
                     ,
                     Shallots
                     ,
                     Spinage
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                  
                   small
                   Lettuce
                   to
                   cut
                   ,
                   
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Burnet
                     ,
                     Cutting
                     Beets
                     ,
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Purslain
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   and
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Patience
                  
                   or
                   
                     Sharp-Leav'd
                     Dock
                     ,
                     Onions
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ciboulees
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Plants
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   Class
                   which
                   succeed
                   not
                   without
                   being
                   transplanted
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Chard-Beets
                     ,
                     Cellery
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   White
                   Endive
                   ,
                   both
                   long
                   and
                   tied
                   ,
                   and
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   be
                   sown
                   very
                   thin
                   ,
                   or
                   be
                   very
                   much
                   thinn'd
                   after
                   they
                   are
                   sown
                   ;
                   of
                   this
                   Class
                   are
                   also
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   most
                   Musk-Melons
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Citrulls
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Potirons
                  
                   or
                   flat
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Leeks
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Those
                   of
                   the
                   third
                   Class
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   indifferently
                   either
                   continued
                   in
                   the
                   places
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   first
                   sown
                   ,
                   or
                   transplanted
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   are
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   though
                   most
                   commonly
                   they
                   are
                   sown
                   at
                   first
                   in
                   Nurseries
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   transplanted
                   a
                   year
                   or
                   two
                   after
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   
                     Basil
                     ,
                     Fennel
                     ,
                     Anis
                     ,
                     Borage
                     ,
                     Bugloss
                     ,
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Capucin
                     Capers
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nasturies
                     ,
                     Ciboulees
                     ,
                     Savory
                     ,
                     Time
                     ,
                     Musked
                     Chervil
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Plants
                   of
                   the
                   fourth
                   Class
                   that
                   are
                   multiplied
                   without
                   being
                   sown
                   ,
                   are
                   Alleluia
                   ,
                   or
                   Wood-Sorrel
                   ,
                   English
                   
                     Cives
                     ,
                     Violets
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Because
                   they
                   grow
                   into
                   thick
                   Tufts
                   which
                   are
                   separated
                   into
                   many
                   ;
                   Artichokes
                   are
                   propagated
                   by
                   their
                   
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     Off-sets
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Slips
                     ;
                     Mint
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Round
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Tripe
                     Madame
                     ,
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Balm
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   by
                   their
                   Layers
                   or
                   Branches
                   that
                   take
                   Root
                   where
                   they
                   touch
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   last
                   of
                   which
                   have
                   also
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   multiplying
                   by
                   Seed
                   ,
                   as
                   likewise
                   have
                   the
                   Artichokes
                   sometimes
                   .
                   Straw-berries
                   propagate
                   by
                   their
                   Runners
                   ,
                   
                     Rasp-berries
                     ,
                     Goose-berries
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Currans
                   ,
                   by
                   their
                   Slips
                   ,
                   or
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   their
                   Cuttings
                   which
                   also
                   take
                   Root
                   .
                   
                     Lavender
                     ,
                     Worm-wood
                     ,
                     Sage
                     ,
                     Time
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Marjoram
                   ,
                   by
                   their
                   Branches
                   which
                   take
                   Root
                   at
                   their
                   joints
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   also
                   multiplied
                   by
                   their
                   Seed
                   ;
                   the
                   common
                   Bays
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   Layers
                   and
                   Seed
                   too
                   ;
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   by
                   their
                   Suckers
                   ,
                   Hooked
                   Slips
                   ,
                   and
                   Cuttings
                   whether
                   Rooted
                   or
                   not
                   Rooted
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   place
                   ,
                   those
                   Plants
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   cut
                   off
                   some
                   part
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   Leaves
                   or
                   Roots
                   or
                   both
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   transplant
                   them
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Artichokes
                     ,
                     Chard-Beets
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   those
                   others
                   whose
                   Leaves
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   cut
                   at
                   all
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   good
                   always
                   to
                   trim
                   their
                   Roots
                   a
                   little
                   to
                   refresh
                   them
                   ,
                   are
                   Endive
                   ,
                   and
                   Succory
                   ,
                   most
                   commonly
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Savory
                     ,
                     Sorrel
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   and
                   all
                   
                     Lettuces
                     ,
                     Alleluia
                  
                   or
                   
                     Wood-Sorrel
                     ,
                     Violets
                     ,
                     Basil
                     ,
                     Arrach
                  
                   or
                   
                     Orage
                     ,
                     Borage
                     ,
                     Bugloss
                     ,
                     Capucin
                     Capers
                  
                   or
                   
                     Nasturces
                     ,
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Samphire
                     ,
                     Straw-berries
                     ,
                     Marjoram
                     ,
                     Musk-Melons
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Citrulls
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Purslain
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   Radishes
                   for
                   Seed
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Plants
                   that
                   bring
                   forth
                   several
                   times
                   in
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   last
                   for
                   some
                   years
                   following
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Patience
                  
                   or
                   
                     Sharp
                     Dock
                     ,
                     Alleluia
                  
                   or
                   
                     Wood-Sorrel
                     ,
                     Burnet
                     ,
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     Parsley
                     ,
                     Fennel
                     ,
                  
                   all
                   Edging
                   ,
                   or
                   Sweet
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   
                     Wild
                     Endive
                  
                   or
                   
                     Succory
                     ,
                     Macedonian
                     Parsley
                  
                   or
                   
                     Alisanders
                     ,
                     Mint
                     ,
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Samphire
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   produce
                   but
                   once
                   in
                   the
                   year
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   last
                   bearing
                   for
                   several
                   years
                   together
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   are
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   and
                   Artichokes
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   cease
                   to
                   be
                   useful
                   after
                   their
                   first
                   production
                   ,
                   are
                   all
                   Lettuces
                   ,
                   Common
                   
                     Endive
                     ,
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                     ,
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Melons
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Citrulls
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                     Arrach
                  
                   or
                   Orage
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Plants
                   whose
                   Roots
                   are
                   only
                   in
                   use
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Red
                     Beets
                     ,
                     Carrots
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Now
                   to
                   give
                   you
                   a
                   particular
                   account
                   of
                   the
                   Culture
                   that
                   belongs
                   to
                   every
                   several
                   sort
                   of
                   Plant
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Culture
                   consists
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   observing
                   the
                   distances
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   placed
                   at
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   second
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Triming
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   need
                   it
                   ;
                   
                   third
                   ,
                   in
                   planting
                   them
                   in
                   that
                   situation
                   ,
                   and
                   disposition
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   require
                   ;
                   fourth
                   ,
                   in
                   giving
                   them
                   those
                   assistances
                   which
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   have
                   need
                   of
                   to
                   bring
                   them
                   to
                   perfection
                   ,
                   or
                   which
                   are
                   convenient
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   by
                   typing
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   wrapping
                   about
                   ,
                   or
                   Earthing
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   otherwise
                   covering
                   them
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     begin
                     in
                     the
                     ALPHABETICAL
                     Order
                  
                   
                     
                       A.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         ALIS
                         ANDERS
                      
                       :
                       See
                       
                         Macedonian
                         Parsley
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Alleluia
                       ,
                       or
                       Wood-Sorrel
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       grows
                       old
                       ,
                       grows
                       into
                       Tufts
                       ,
                       and
                       being
                       a
                       Plant
                       that
                       grows
                       in
                       the
                       Woods
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       that
                       loves
                       the
                       shade
                       ,
                       we
                       therefore
                       plant
                       it
                       along
                       by
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       our
                       Northern
                       Walls
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       about
                       one
                       foot
                       between
                       one
                       plant
                       and
                       another
                       ;
                       the
                       more
                       we
                       strip
                       it
                       of
                       its
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       one
                       good
                       quality
                       it
                       has
                       ,
                       the
                       more
                       fresh
                       ones
                       it
                       shoots
                       forth
                       :
                       It
                       is
                       enough
                       to
                       set
                       it
                       two
                       Inches
                       into
                       the
                       Ground
                       ;
                       it
                       lasts
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       years
                       without
                       being
                       renewed
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       renew
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       need
                       do
                       no
                       more
                       than
                       to
                       separate
                       or
                       slip
                       out
                       the
                       great
                       Tufts
                       of
                       it
                       into
                       several
                       little
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       replant
                       them
                       again
                       immediately
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       March
                       and
                       April
                       ;
                       a
                       little
                       watering
                       in
                       very
                       Hot
                       weather
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       sandy
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       very
                       great
                       and
                       welcome
                       help
                       to
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       Anis
                       and
                       Fennel
                       are
                       commonly
                       sown
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       surrows
                       ,
                       or
                       borders
                       ;
                       their
                       Leaves
                       are
                       used
                       in
                       Sallets
                       among
                       other
                       Furnitures
                       .
                       They
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       towards
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       their
                       stalks
                       are
                       cut
                       down
                       ,
                       they
                       shoot
                       out
                       new
                       Leaves
                       the
                       next
                       year
                       that
                       are
                       as
                       good
                       as
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       but
                       however
                       it
                       is
                       best
                       to
                       renew
                       them
                       every
                       two
                       years
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Arrach
                         ,
                         Orrach
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Orage
                       ,
                       is
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       both
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       quickest
                       both
                       in
                       coming
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       running
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       which
                       latter
                       it
                       does
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       sown
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       have
                       good
                       Seed
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       transplant
                       some
                       plants
                       of
                       it
                       in
                       some
                       separate
                       place
                       .
                       The
                       Leaf
                       of
                       this
                       plant
                       is
                       very
                       good
                       both
                       in
                       pottage
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       stuffings
                       or
                       farces
                       ;
                       we
                       use
                       it
                       almost
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       it
                       peeps
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       for
                       it
                       passes
                       away
                       very
                       quickly
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       the
                       more
                       early
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       a
                       little
                       quantity
                       of
                       it
                       upon
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       :
                       It
                       thrives
                       well
                       enough
                       in
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       it
                       grows
                       always
                       fairer
                       in
                       good
                       Grounds
                       than
                       in
                       but
                       indifferent
                       ones
                       .
                    
                     
                       Aromatick
                       or
                       sweet
                       ,
                       or
                       spicy
                       Herbs
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       Edgings
                       of
                       Borders
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Marjoram
                         ,
                         Time
                         ,
                         Sage
                         ,
                         Rosemary
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                       See
                       their
                       Culture
                       under
                       the
                       several
                       Titles
                       of
                       each
                       of
                       those
                       particular
                       Herbs
                       .
                    
                     
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       have
                       already
                       elsewhere
                       told
                       you
                       ,
                       are
                       multiplied
                       by
                       their
                       Eyes
                       ,
                       Suckers
                       ,
                       Slips
                       ,
                       or
                       Off-Sets
                       ,
                       which
                       every
                       plant
                       of
                       them
                       usually
                       shoots
                       out
                       every
                       year
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       round
                       about
                       its
                       old
                       Root
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       off
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       leaving
                       only
                       at
                       each
                       place
                       three
                       of
                       the
                       best
                       and
                       furthest
                       distant
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                       For
                       the
                       planting
                       them
                       ,
                       we
                       commonly
                       make
                       little
                       Trenches
                       ,
                       or
                       Pits
                       about
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       three
                       foot
                       distant
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       and
                       filled
                       with
                       Mold
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       place
                       two
                       rows
                       of
                       them
                       regulated
                       by
                       a
                       line
                       ,
                       in
                       each
                       Bed
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       full
                       four
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       and
                       parted
                       from
                       the
                       next
                       Bed
                       by
                       a
                       path-way
                       of
                       one
                       full
                       foot
                       ;
                       these
                       Trenches
                       of
                       Pits
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       made
                       at
                       about
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       's
                       distance
                       from
                       the
                       edge
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       ,
                       and
                       Checquerwise
                       one
                       towards
                       the
                       other
                       ;
                       we
                       place
                       two
                       Slips
                       in
                       a
                       right
                       Line
                       in
                       each
                       space
                       containing
                       between
                       Nine
                       and
                       Ten
                       Inches
                       in
                       Length
                       .
                       We
                       must
                       renew
                       them
                       once
                       every
                       three
                       years
                       at
                       least
                       ,
                       cut
                       off
                       their
                       Leaves
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       and
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       dung
                       during
                       all
                       the
                       very
                       cold
                       weather
                       till
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       must
                       uncover
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       slip
                       them
                       ,
                       if
                       their
                       Slips
                       be
                       yet
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       stay
                       three
                       Weeks
                       or
                       a
                       Month
                       longer
                       till
                       they
                       be
                       ,
                       then
                       we
                       must
                       labour
                       and
                       move
                       the
                       Earth
                       well
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       dung
                       them
                       with
                       the
                       rottenest
                       part
                       of
                       that
                       Dung
                       that
                       served
                       them
                       for
                       a
                       covering
                       ;
                       we
                       water
                       them
                       moderately
                       once
                       or
                       twice
                       a
                       Week
                       ,
                       till
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       their
                       Fruit
                       begins
                       to
                       appear
                       ,
                       and
                       from
                       that
                       time
                       we
                       must
                       water
                       them
                       plentifully
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       times
                       a
                       Week
                       ,
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Summer
                       ,
                       allowing
                       half
                       a
                       Pitcher
                       full
                       of
                       Water
                       to
                       each
                       plant
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       Grounds
                       naturally
                       dry
                       ;
                       those
                       planted
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       should
                       bring
                       their
                       Fruit
                       to
                       perfection
                       in
                       Autumn
                       following
                       ,
                       if
                       well
                       watered
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       which
                       do
                       not
                       ,
                       ought
                       to
                       yield
                       their
                       first
                       Fruit
                       in
                       the
                       next
                       Spring
                       after
                       ,
                       in
                       case
                       they
                       be
                       strong
                       enough
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       sharpness
                       of
                       the
                       Winter
                       .
                       Artichokes
                       have
                       not
                       only
                       the
                       hard
                       weather
                       ,
                       and
                       excess
                       of
                       wet
                       to
                       fear
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       have
                       the
                       Field
                       Mice
                       likewise
                       for
                       their
                       Enemies
                       ,
                       those
                       mischievous
                       little
                       Animals
                       gnawing
                       their
                       Roots
                       in
                       the
                       Winter-time
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       find
                       nothing
                       better
                       in
                       the
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       that
                       
                       reason
                       ,
                       it
                       's
                       good
                       to
                       plant
                       one
                       Rank
                       of
                       Beet-Chards
                       between
                       two
                       Ranks
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Field-Mice
                       finding
                       the
                       Roots
                       of
                       these
                       last
                       the
                       tendrer
                       of
                       the
                       two
                       ,
                       may
                       fall
                       upon
                       them
                       instead
                       of
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       never
                       fail
                       to
                       do
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       three
                       sorts
                       of
                       
                         Artichokes
                         ,
                         viz.
                      
                       the
                       green
                       ,
                       or
                       otherwise
                       white
                       ones
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       early
                       ,
                       the
                       violet
                       ones
                       ,
                       whose
                       Fruit
                       is
                       almost
                       of
                       a
                       pyramidal
                       Figure
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       red
                       ones
                       which
                       are
                       round
                       ,
                       and
                       flat
                       like
                       the
                       white
                       ones
                       .
                       The
                       two
                       last
                       sorts
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       delicious
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Artichoke
                         Chards
                      
                       .
                       See
                       Chards
                       .
                    
                     
                       Asparagus
                       are
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Spring
                       like
                       other
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       some
                       Bed
                       well
                       prepared
                       ;
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       indifferent
                       thin
                       ,
                       and
                       raked
                       with
                       an
                       Iron
                       Rake
                       ,
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       Earth
                       .
                       About
                       a
                       year
                       after
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       will
                       be
                       ,
                       if
                       the
                       Ground
                       be
                       good
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       ;
                       or
                       if
                       not
                       ,
                       at
                       least
                       at
                       two
                       years
                       end
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       tranplant
                       them
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       April
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       we
                       must
                       have
                       Beds
                       between
                       three
                       and
                       four
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       and
                       separated
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ;
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       ordinary
                       Ground
                       ,
                       we
                       dig
                       these
                       Beds
                       hollow
                       with
                       a
                       good
                       Spade
                       ,
                       throwing
                       up
                       the
                       Earth
                       we
                       take
                       out
                       of
                       them
                       upon
                       the
                       Path-ways
                       ;
                       and
                       as
                       to
                       strong
                       ,
                       heavy
                       and
                       moist
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       I
                       would
                       have
                       them
                       ordered
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       done
                       the
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       at
                       Versailles
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       I
                       would
                       not
                       have
                       the
                       Beds
                       in
                       them
                       at
                       all
                       laid
                       hollow
                       ,
                       but
                       on
                       the
                       contrary
                       ,
                       raised
                       and
                       kept
                       higher
                       than
                       the
                       Path-ways
                       ,
                       too
                       much
                       wet
                       being
                       mortal
                       to
                       these
                       Plants
                       .
                       Asparagus
                       thus
                       sown
                       shoot
                       out
                       Tufts
                       of
                       Roots
                       round
                       about
                       their
                       Eye
                       ,
                       or
                       Mother
                       Root
                       ;
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       round
                       the
                       place
                       from
                       whence
                       all
                       their
                       shoots
                       are
                       to
                       Spring
                       ,
                       which
                       Roots
                       spread
                       between
                       two
                       Earths
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       either
                       into
                       a
                       hollow
                       Bed
                       ,
                       or
                       a
                       high
                       raised
                       Bed
                       ,
                       we
                       bestow
                       a
                       good
                       thorough
                       Tillage
                       on
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       the
                       Trench
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       Ground
                       be
                       not
                       very
                       good
                       ,
                       we
                       dung
                       it
                       a
                       little
                       ,
                       and
                       afterward
                       we
                       plant
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       stocks
                       of
                       these
                       young
                       Plants
                       ,
                       orderly
                       in
                       ranks
                       upon
                       the
                       Super●icies
                       of
                       the
                       Bed
                       prepared
                       for
                       them
                       ,
                       without
                       needing
                       to
                       trim
                       the
                       extremity
                       of
                       their
                       Roots
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       ,
                       but
                       a
                       very
                       little
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       our
                       intention
                       be
                       ,
                       to
                       force
                       these
                       Asparagus
                       by
                       an
                       artificial
                       heat
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       we
                       place
                       them
                       at
                       a
                       foot
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       to
                       remain
                       to
                       grow
                       after
                       the
                       usual
                       manner
                       ,
                       we
                       allow
                       them
                       at
                       a
                       foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       's
                       distance
                       ,
                       but
                       in
                       both
                       Cases
                       ,
                       we
                       place
                       them
                       Checquerwise
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       so
                       placed
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       up
                       again
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       depth
                       of
                       Earth
                       :
                       if
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       fail
                       to
                       Spring
                       up
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       reimplace
                       them
                       with
                       new
                       ones
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Months
                       after
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       we
                       planted
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       only
                       taking
                       care
                       to
                       water
                       the
                       new
                       planted
                       ones
                       sometimes
                       during
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       always
                       well
                       weeded
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       dug
                       about
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       mark
                       out
                       with
                       little
                       sticks
                       the
                       empty
                       places
                       ,
                       and
                       stay
                       till
                       the
                       Spring
                       before
                       we
                       fill
                       them
                       up
                       again
                       .
                       Every
                       year
                       we
                       cover
                       the
                       Bed
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       Earth
                       taken
                       off
                       from
                       the
                       Path-way
                       ,
                       because
                       instead
                       of
                       sinking
                       ,
                       they
                       always
                       are
                       rising
                       by
                       little
                       and
                       little
                       :
                       we
                       dung
                       them
                       moderately
                       every
                       two
                       years
                       ,
                       and
                       let
                       them
                       shoot
                       up
                       the
                       first
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       years
                       without
                       gathering
                       any
                       ,
                       till
                       we
                       see
                       them
                       begin
                       to
                       grow
                       pretty
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       may
                       force
                       as
                       many
                       as
                       we
                       please
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       or
                       if
                       not
                       ,
                       we
                       continue
                       to
                       gather
                       of
                       them
                       every
                       year
                       a
                       crop
                       for
                       fifteen
                       years
                       ,
                       before
                       we
                       need
                       to
                       renew
                       them
                       .
                       Every
                       year
                       about
                       Martlemas
                       ,
                       we
                       cut
                       down
                       all
                       their
                       stems
                       ,
                       every
                       stock
                       producing
                       several
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       take
                       the
                       seed
                       of
                       the
                       fairest
                       of
                       them
                       for
                       Seed
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       them
                       come
                       to
                       bear
                       at
                       the
                       time
                       above-mentioned
                       .
                       To
                       draw
                       them
                       out
                       of
                       their
                       Nursery-Beds
                       ,
                       we
                       use
                       an
                       Iron
                       Fork
                       ,
                       the
                       Spade
                       being
                       too
                       dangerous
                       for
                       that
                       work
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       would
                       cut
                       ,
                       and
                       hurt
                       those
                       little
                       Plants
                       .
                    
                     
                       We
                       must
                       not
                       fail
                       every
                       Year
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       or
                       beginning
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       begin
                       to
                       sprout
                       naturally
                       ,
                       to
                       bestow
                       a
                       small
                       dressing
                       or
                       stirring
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       about
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       on
                       every
                       Bed
                       ,
                       taking
                       care
                       not
                       to
                       let
                       the
                       Spade
                       go
                       so
                       deep
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       hurt
                       the
                       Plants
                       ;
                       which
                       small
                       dressing
                       serves
                       ,
                       both
                       to
                       kill
                       the
                       Weeds
                       and
                       to
                       render
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       loose
                       ,
                       and
                       thereby
                       not
                       only
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       dispose
                       it
                       to
                       drink
                       up
                       the
                       Rain
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       May-dew
                       that
                       nourishes
                       the
                       Stocks
                       ,
                       but
                       likewise
                       to
                       facilitate
                       the
                       passage
                       of
                       the
                       Asparagus
                       in
                       sprouting
                       .
                       The
                       particular
                       and
                       most
                       dreadful
                       Enemies
                       of
                       Asparagus
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       little
                       Fleas
                       ,
                       that
                       fasten
                       upon
                       their
                       shoots
                       ,
                       make
                       them
                       miscarry
                       ,
                       and
                       hinder
                       them
                       from
                       thriving
                       ;
                       they
                       are
                       most
                       troublesome
                       in
                       very
                       hot
                       and
                       dry
                       years
                       ,
                       not
                       appearing
                       at
                       all
                       in
                       other
                       years
                       ;
                       there
                       has
                       been
                       no
                       Remedy
                       found
                       yet
                       against
                       this
                       mischief
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       B.
                       
                    
                     
                       BAlm
                       ,
                       called
                       in
                       
                         French
                         Melisse
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       an
                       Odoriferous
                       Herb
                       ,
                       whose
                       Leaf
                       when
                       tender
                       ,
                       makes
                       a
                       part
                       of
                       Sallet-Furnitures
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       multiplyed
                       both
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       rooted
                       Branches
                       ,
                       like
                       
                         Lavender
                         ,
                         Time
                         ,
                         Hyssop
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                     
                       Basil
                       is
                       an
                       annual
                       Plant
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       very
                       delicate
                       .
                       We
                       seldom
                       sow
                       it
                       but
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       
                         Purslain
                         ,
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       We
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       some
                       in
                       that
                       manner
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       may
                       continue
                       so
                       to
                       do
                       the
                       whole
                       year
                       .
                       It
                       s
                       tender
                       Leaves
                       are
                       mixed
                       in
                       a
                       small
                       quantity
                       ,
                       with
                       the
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       among
                       which
                       ,
                       they
                       make
                       an
                       agreeable
                       perfume
                       ;
                       It
                       is
                       likewise
                       used
                       in
                       Ragou's
                       ,
                       especially
                       dry
                       ones
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       reason
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       keep
                       some
                       for
                       Winter
                       .
                       We
                       gather
                       its
                       Seed
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       ;
                       and
                       usually
                       to
                       make
                       it
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       transplant
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       Pots
                       ,
                       or
                       Beds
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       several
                       sorts
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       but
                       that
                       which
                       bears
                       the
                       biggest
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       if
                       they
                       incline
                       to
                       a
                       
                         Violet
                         Colour
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       which
                       bears
                       the
                       least
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       two
                       most
                       curious
                       ;
                       that
                       which
                       produces
                       midling
                       ones
                       ,
                       being
                       the
                       ordinary
                       or
                       Common
                       sort
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Common
                       Bays
                       ,
                       or
                       Bay-Tree
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       shurb
                       of
                       no
                       very
                       great
                       use
                       in
                       our
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       it
                       is
                       enough
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       few
                       Plants
                       of
                       it
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       sheltered
                       place
                       ,
                       to
                       gather
                       some
                       Leaves
                       of
                       them
                       when
                       occasion
                       requires
                       .
                    
                     
                       Beans
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Common
                       ,
                       and
                       Garden
                       sort
                       ,
                       as
                       those
                       called
                       Kidney-Beans
                       ,
                       and
                       French-Beans
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       
                         French
                         ,
                         Aricôs
                      
                       ,
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       not
                       otherwise
                       ;
                       The
                       
                         Aricô
                         French
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Kidney-Beans
                       ,
                       are
                       sown
                       about
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       very
                       sensible
                       of
                       the
                       Frost
                       ;
                       The
                       Common
                       
                         Garden
                         Beans
                      
                       are
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       with
                       Hasting-Peas
                       ,
                       both
                       in
                       November
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       February
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       .
                       See
                       the
                       Works
                       in
                       November
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bete-raves
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Red
                         Beet-Roots
                      
                       ,
                       are
                       annual
                       Plants
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       seldom
                       transplanted
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       Borders
                       .
                       They
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       very
                       thin
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       if
                       they
                       come
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       very
                       much
                       thinned
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       they
                       will
                       not
                       grow
                       so
                       fair
                       and
                       large
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       be
                       .
                       They
                       require
                       a
                       very
                       good
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       Ground
                       :
                       They
                       are
                       the
                       best
                       that
                       have
                       the
                       Reddest
                       substance
                       and
                       the
                       Reddest
                       Tops
                       :
                       They
                       are
                       not
                       good
                       to
                       spend
                       till
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Winter
                       Season
                       .
                       To
                       have
                       Seed
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       we
                       transplant
                       in
                       March
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       years
                       Roots
                       that
                       we
                       have
                       preserved
                       from
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       their
                       Seed
                       is
                       gathered
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       White
                       ,
                       or
                       Chard-Beets
                       :
                       See
                       Chards
                       .
                    
                     
                       Borage
                       and
                       Bugloss
                       ,
                       grow
                       and
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       ordered
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       Arrach
                       ,
                       only
                       they
                       come
                       not
                       up
                       so
                       vigorously
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       of
                       them
                       several
                       times
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       Summer
                       ,
                       because
                       their
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       consists
                       all
                       their
                       excellence
                       ,
                       are
                       good
                       only
                       whilst
                       they
                       are
                       tender
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       while
                       they
                       are
                       young
                       .
                       Their
                       little
                       
                         Violet
                         Colour'd
                         Flowers
                      
                       serve
                       to
                       adorn
                       Sallets
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       falls
                       assoon
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       ripe
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       must
                       be
                       carefully
                       watch'd
                       :
                       The
                       surest
                       way
                       is
                       to
                       cut
                       down
                       the
                       stalks
                       ,
                       and
                       lay
                       them
                       a
                       drying
                       in
                       the
                       Sun
                       ,
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       Seeds
                       begin
                       to
                       ripen
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       we
                       shall
                       lose
                       but
                       very
                       few
                       .
                    
                     
                       Bourdelai's
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       Verjuice
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       White
                       ,
                       as
                       Red
                       sort
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Vine
                       which
                       is
                       pruned
                       ,
                       and
                       slipt
                       ,
                       or
                       layed
                       ,
                       and
                       graffed
                       and
                       planted
                       as
                       other
                       Vines
                       are
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       
                         January
                         ,
                         February
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       March.
                       Care
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       its
                       Branches
                       ,
                       either
                       to
                       props
                       ,
                       or
                       some
                       sort
                       of
                       trail
                       ,
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       at
                       latest
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       the
                       wind
                       destroys
                       it
                       quite
                       :
                       We
                       must
                       also
                       pick
                       and
                       pluck
                       off
                       the
                       weak
                       and
                       unprofitable
                       Branches
                       of
                       these
                       Vines
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       we
                       prune
                       them
                       ,
                       't
                       is
                       enough
                       to
                       leave
                       two
                       ,
                       three
                       ,
                       or
                       four
                       fair
                       Branches
                       at
                       most
                       upon
                       each
                       stock
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       not
                       above
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       buds
                       long
                       ,
                       every
                       one
                       of
                       which
                       usually
                       shoots
                       forth
                       one
                       bearing
                       Branch
                       ,
                       with
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       fair
                       Bunches
                       of
                       Grapes
                       upon
                       each
                       Branch
                       .
                       My
                       practice
                       is
                       in
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Vines
                       ,
                       but
                       particularly
                       in
                       the
                       Muscat
                       or
                       Musked
                       sorts
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       the
                       lower
                       Branches
                       shorter
                       by
                       two
                       buds
                       ,
                       than
                       the
                       highest
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       the
                       Plant
                       always
                       low
                       ,
                       when
                       I
                       would
                       not
                       have
                       them
                       mount
                       up
                       upon
                       a
                       Trail
                       .
                    
                     
                       Buckshorn-Sallet
                       :
                       See
                       Hartshorn-Sallet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Burnet
                       ,
                       called
                       in
                       
                         French
                         Pimprenelle
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Pimpernelle
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       very
                       Common
                       and
                       ordinary
                       Sallet
                       furniture
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       seldom
                       sown
                       but
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       sown
                       thick
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       Borders
                       .
                    
                     
                       It
                       often
                       Springs
                       afresh
                       after
                       cutting
                       ,
                       of
                       which
                       the
                       youngest
                       shoots
                       must
                       be
                       chosen
                       for
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       the
                       Leaves
                       that
                       are
                       any
                       thing
                       old
                       being
                       too
                       tough
                       .
                       It
                       does
                       it
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       good
                       to
                       water
                       it
                       in
                       Summer
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       but
                       one
                       sort
                       of
                       it
                       whose
                       Seed
                       is
                       gathered
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Summer
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       C.
                       
                    
                     
                       CAbbages
                       of
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Kitchen-Plants
                       take
                       Root
                       again
                       the
                       easiliest
                       when
                       transplanted
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       likewise
                       the
                       most
                       known
                       ,
                       and
                       most
                       used
                       of
                       any
                       in
                       our
                       whole
                       Gardens
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       multiplied
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       of
                       several
                       sorts
                       and
                       Seasons
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       called
                       White
                       ,
                       or
                       headed
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       for
                       the
                       service
                       of
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       Summer
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       Autumn
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       Curled
                       ,
                       called
                       Pancaliers
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Milan
                         Cabbages
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       produce
                       small
                       headed
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       for
                       Winter
                       ;
                       there
                       are
                       some
                       of
                       a
                       Red
                       or
                       
                         Violet
                         Colour
                      
                       ;
                       and
                       some
                       called
                       long
                       sided
                       Cabbages
                       ,
                       whereof
                       some
                       are
                       Bright
                       or
                       White
                       ,
                       and
                       very
                       delicate
                       ,
                       ripe
                       in
                       Vintage
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       others
                       Green
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       not
                       very
                       good
                       till
                       they
                       be
                       
                       Frost-bitten
                       .
                       Lastly
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       some
                       called
                       
                         Choux
                         Fleurs
                      
                       ,
                       i.
                       e.
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Flowers
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       the
                       English
                       Collyflowers
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       noble
                       and
                       valuable
                       of
                       them
                       all
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       not
                       used
                       in
                       pottage
                       ,
                       but
                       in
                       choice
                       intermesses
                       ;
                       they
                       cannot
                       endure
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       assoon
                       as
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       form
                       their
                       heads
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       covered
                       with
                       their
                       Leaves
                       tied
                       up
                       for
                       that
                       end
                       over
                       them
                       ,
                       with
                       Straw
                       bands
                       ,
                       to
                       guard
                       them
                       from
                       the
                       insults
                       of
                       the
                       Cold
                       that
                       spoil
                       and
                       rot
                       them
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       for
                       our
                       Winter
                       spending
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       be
                       sheltred
                       in
                       the
                       Green
                       house
                       or
                       Conservatory
                       ,
                       whither
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       carried
                       and
                       there
                       planted
                       with
                       a
                       turf
                       of
                       their
                       old
                       Earth
                       ,
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       where
                       they
                       commonly
                       are
                       used
                       to
                       perfect
                       the
                       full
                       growth
                       of
                       their
                       heads
                       .
                       All
                       other
                       Cabbage-Plants
                       yield
                       Seed
                       in
                       France
                       ,
                       but
                       only
                       these
                       ,
                       whose
                       Seed
                       we
                       are
                       fain
                       to
                       have
                       brought
                       up
                       from
                       the
                       Eastern
                       Countries
                       ,
                       which
                       makes
                       them
                       ordinarily
                       very
                       dear
                       .
                       To
                       make
                       Cabbages
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       use
                       every
                       year
                       either
                       in
                       Autumn
                       or
                       Spring
                       to
                       transplant
                       some
                       of
                       the
                       best
                       and
                       fairest
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       which
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       May
                       and
                       June
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       gathered
                       in
                       July
                       and
                       August
                       .
                    
                     
                       You
                       are
                       by
                       the
                       way
                       to
                       remark
                       two
                       things
                       ;
                       The
                       first
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       all
                       thick
                       Plants
                       that
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       pretty
                       high
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Cabbage
                         ,
                         Leeks
                         ,
                         Ciboules
                         ,
                         Onions
                         ,
                         Red
                         Beet-Roots
                         ,
                         Carrots
                         ,
                         Parsnips
                         ,
                         Cellery
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       must
                       be
                       supported
                       either
                       with
                       upright
                       props
                       ,
                       or
                       cro●s
                       sticks
                       ,
                       to
                       hinder
                       the
                       wind
                       from
                       breaking
                       down
                       their
                       stems
                       before
                       the
                       Seed
                       be
                       Ripe
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       second
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       seldom
                       stay
                       to
                       let
                       any
                       Seeds
                       dry
                       upon
                       their
                       Plants
                       as
                       they
                       stand
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       enough
                       to
                       let
                       them
                       only
                       Ripen
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       cut
                       down
                       their
                       stems
                       ,
                       and
                       lay
                       them
                       to
                       dry
                       upon
                       some
                       Cloth
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       beat
                       them
                       out
                       ,
                       and
                       fan
                       and
                       cleanse
                       them
                       and
                       lay
                       them
                       up
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       fully
                       dry
                       :
                       And
                       thus
                       we
                       do
                       with
                       the
                       Seeds
                       of
                       
                         Cresses
                         ,
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Parsley
                         ,
                         Radishes
                         ,
                         Borage
                         ,
                         Bugloss
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Ordinary
                       Capers
                       grow
                       upon
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       small
                       Shrub
                       that
                       is
                       raised
                       in
                       niches
                       made
                       purposely
                       in
                       well
                       exposed
                       Walls
                       ,
                       for
                       that
                       end
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       filled
                       with
                       Earth
                       to
                       nourish
                       the
                       Plants
                       ;
                       and
                       every
                       year
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       we
                       prune
                       their
                       Branches
                       ,
                       which
                       afterwards
                       shoot
                       out
                       buttons
                       or
                       swelling
                       buds
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       pickled
                       up
                       in
                       Vinegar
                       to
                       be
                       used
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       pottage
                       .
                    
                     
                       Capucine-Capers
                       ,
                       or
                       Nasturces
                       ,
                       are
                       annual
                       Plants
                       which
                       are
                       usually
                       sown
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       transplanted
                       again
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       along
                       by
                       some
                       Walls
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       the
                       foot
                       of
                       some
                       Trees
                       ,
                       where
                       their
                       mounting
                       stalks
                       which
                       are
                       but
                       weak
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       pretty
                       high
                       may
                       take
                       some
                       hold
                       ,
                       to
                       support
                       themselves
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       also
                       planted
                       in
                       Pots
                       ,
                       and
                       Boxes
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       some
                       sticks
                       are
                       set
                       up
                       to
                       support
                       their
                       stalks
                       .
                       Their
                       Buttons
                       or
                       round
                       Buds
                       before
                       they
                       open
                       ,
                       are
                       good
                       to
                       pickle
                       in
                       Vinegar
                       .
                       Their
                       Flower
                       is
                       pretty
                       large
                       of
                       an
                       
                         Orange
                         Colour
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       very
                       agreeable
                       .
                       They
                       must
                       be
                       carefully
                       watered
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       shoot
                       vigorously
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       long
                       time
                       as
                       they
                       should
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       falls
                       to
                       the
                       Earth
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       't
                       is
                       ripe
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       that
                       of
                       Borage
                       and
                       Bugloss
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       must
                       be
                       carefully
                       gathered
                       up
                       .
                    
                     
                       Caprons
                       ,
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       large
                       Straw-berries
                       ,
                       not
                       over
                       delicate
                       ,
                       which
                       ripen
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       better
                       kind
                       .
                       Their
                       Leaves
                       are
                       extraordinary
                       large
                       ,
                       velveted
                       and
                       of
                       a
                       darkish
                       
                         Green
                         Colour
                      
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       little
                       to
                       be
                       prized
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       found
                       in
                       the
                       Woods
                       as
                       other
                       Straw-berries
                       are
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                      
                       or
                       Cardoons
                       ,
                       grow
                       only
                       from
                       Seed
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       sown
                       at
                       two
                       several
                       times
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       first
                       is
                       commonly
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       ,
                       or
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       second
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       May.
                       
                    
                     
                       They
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       in
                       good
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       little
                       Trenches
                       or
                       pits
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       wide
                       ,
                       and
                       about
                       six
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       filled
                       with
                       Mold
                       .
                       We
                       make
                       Beds
                       of
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       foot
                       wide
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       place
                       in
                       them
                       two
                       ranks
                       of
                       those
                       little
                       Trenches
                       or
                       pits
                       checker-wise
                       .
                       We
                       put
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       Seeds
                       in
                       every
                       hole
                       ,
                       with
                       intention
                       to
                       let
                       but
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       of
                       them
                       grow
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       all
                       come
                       up
                       ,
                       taking
                       away
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       over
                       and
                       above
                       that
                       
                       number
                       ,
                       either
                       to
                       throw
                       away
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       new
                       stock
                       those
                       places
                       where
                       there
                       perhaps
                       are
                       none
                       come
                       up
                       ,
                       or
                       where
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       sown
                       some
                       few
                       upon
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       for
                       that
                       intention
                       .
                       And
                       if
                       in
                       fifteen
                       or
                       twenty
                       days
                       we
                       do
                       not
                       see
                       the
                       Seed
                       come
                       up
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       uncover
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       see
                       whether
                       they
                       be
                       rotten
                       ,
                       or
                       begin
                       to
                       sprour
                       ,
                       that
                       so
                       we
                       may
                       fill
                       up
                       their
                       places
                       with
                       new
                       ones
                       in
                       case
                       of
                       need
                       .
                       The
                       Seeds
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sowing
                       are
                       generally
                       three
                       weeks
                       coming
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       second
                       fifteen
                       days
                       .
                       Cardons
                       must
                       not
                       be
                       sown
                       before
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       for
                       fear
                       they
                       should
                       grow
                       too
                       big
                       ,
                       and
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       in
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       they
                       are
                       not
                       good
                       .
                       Great
                       care
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       well
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       to
                       whiten
                       them
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       the
                       advantage
                       of
                       some
                       dry
                       day
                       ,
                       first
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       all
                       their
                       Leaves
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       bands
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       days
                       after
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       them
                       quite
                       up
                       with
                       Straw
                       or
                       dry
                       Litter
                       well
                       twisted
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       Air
                       may
                       not
                       penetrate
                       to
                       come
                       at
                       them
                       ,
                       except
                       it
                       be
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       top
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       leave
                       open
                       .
                    
                     
                       These
                       Cardoon
                       Plants
                       thus
                       wrapt
                       up
                       ,
                       whiten
                       in
                       about
                       fifteen
                       days
                       or
                       three
                       weeks
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       fit
                       to
                       Eat
                       .
                       We
                       make
                       an
                       end
                       of
                       tying
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       wrapping
                       ,
                       or
                       covering
                       all
                       that
                       we
                       have
                       in
                       our
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       perceive
                       the
                       Winter
                       approach
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       take
                       them
                       up
                       with
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       in
                       our
                       Green
                       House
                       ,
                       or
                       Conservatory
                       :
                       Some
                       of
                       those
                       Plants
                       are
                       good
                       to
                       transplant
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       in
                       the
                       following
                       Spring
                       ,
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       in
                       June
                       ,
                       or
                       July
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       some
                       Plants
                       of
                       them
                       tied
                       up
                       in
                       their
                       first
                       places
                       ,
                       will
                       serve
                       for
                       that
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       times
                       together
                       .
                    
                     
                       Carrots
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       Root
                       ,
                       whereof
                       some
                       are
                       White
                       ,
                       and
                       others
                       Yellow
                       ,
                       that
                       grow
                       only
                       from
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       require
                       the
                       same
                       care
                       and
                       ordering
                       which
                       we
                       have
                       already
                       described
                       under
                       the
                       head
                       of
                       
                         Red
                         Beet-Roots
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cellery
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       Sallet
                       produced
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       not
                       good
                       but
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       the
                       Winter
                       Season
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       of
                       it
                       two
                       several
                       times
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       supplied
                       with
                       it
                       so
                       much
                       the
                       longer
                       ,
                       because
                       that
                       which
                       has
                       been
                       long
                       sown
                       ,
                       easily
                       runs
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       grows
                       hard
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       it
                       then
                       the
                       first
                       time
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       because
                       its
                       Seed
                       is
                       so
                       extream
                       small
                       ,
                       we
                       cannot
                       help
                       sowing
                       it
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       if
                       we
                       be
                       not
                       careful
                       to
                       thin
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       crop
                       it
                       in
                       time
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       it
                       grow
                       to
                       some
                       strength
                       and
                       bigness
                       before
                       we
                       transplant
                       it
                       ,
                       it
                       warps
                       and
                       flags
                       its
                       head
                       too
                       much
                       ,
                       and
                       grows
                       weak
                       ,
                       and
                       shoots
                       its
                       Leaves
                       straglingly
                       outward
                       ,
                       instead
                       of
                       producing
                       store
                       of
                       them
                       from
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       its
                       stock
                       .
                       The
                       surest
                       way
                       is
                       to
                       transplant
                       it
                       in
                       a
                       
                         Nursery
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       placing
                       the
                       Plants
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       one
                       from
                       another
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       we
                       make
                       holes
                       with
                       our
                       fingers
                       only
                       ;
                       we
                       transplant
                       that
                       which
                       comes
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sowing
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       sow
                       our
                       second
                       sowing
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       or
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       but
                       't
                       is
                       in
                       open
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       take
                       the
                       same
                       care
                       to
                       thin
                       ,
                       crop
                       ,
                       and
                       transplant
                       this
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       did
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sowing
                       ,
                       but
                       we
                       must
                       plant
                       more
                       of
                       it
                       the
                       second
                       time
                       ,
                       than
                       at
                       the
                       first
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       two
                       ways
                       of
                       transplanting
                       it
                       ;
                       the
                       one
                       is
                       in
                       a
                       Pit
                       or
                       Trench
                       one
                       full
                       spit
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       between
                       three
                       and
                       four
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       place
                       in
                       it
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       ranks
                       of
                       these
                       Plants
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       one
                       foot
                       from
                       one
                       another
                       :
                       This
                       way
                       of
                       making
                       hollow
                       Beds
                       Earth
                       up
                       our
                       Cellery
                       in
                       ,
                       is
                       good
                       only
                       in
                       dry
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       wet
                       ones
                       being
                       too
                       apt
                       to
                       rot
                       ,
                       it
                       .
                       The
                       second
                       way
                       of
                       transplanting
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       in
                       plain
                       Beds
                       that
                       are
                       not
                       made
                       hollow
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       distances
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       taking
                       care
                       in
                       both
                       sorts
                       of
                       Beds
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       extreamly
                       in
                       Summer
                       time
                       ,
                       its
                       chief
                       goodness
                       consisting
                       in
                       being
                       tender
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       in
                       being
                       very
                       White
                       .
                       Watering
                       contributes
                       to
                       the
                       first
                       kind
                       of
                       goodness
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       the
                       second
                       ,
                       you
                       are
                       to
                       observe
                       ,
                       that
                       to
                       
                         Whiten
                         Cellery
                      
                       ,
                       we
                       begin
                       at
                       first
                       to
                       tie
                       it
                       with
                       two
                       bands
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       chusing
                       dry
                       weather
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       ,
                       and
                       afterward
                       we
                       Earth
                       our
                       Cellery
                       Plants
                       quite
                       up
                       ,
                       with
                       Earth
                       taken
                       off
                       the
                       high
                       raised
                       path-ways
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       cover
                       it
                       all
                       over
                       with
                       a
                       good
                       quantity
                       of
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       dry
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       
                         Cardoons
                         .
                         Cellery
                      
                       so
                       Earthed
                       up
                       with
                       dry
                       Earth
                       ,
                       or
                       Clothed
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       dry
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       very
                       top
                       of
                       its
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       Whitens
                       in
                       three
                       weeks
                       or
                       a
                       Month
                       ,
                       and
                       because
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       Whited
                       ,
                       it
                       rots
                       as
                       it
                       stands
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       not
                       presently
                       eaten
                       ,
                       by
                       consequence
                       ,
                       we
                       are
                       not
                       to
                       Earth
                       it
                       up
                       ,
                       or
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       Dung
                       ,
                       but
                       in
                       such
                       proportion
                       as
                       we
                       are
                       able
                       to
                       spend
                       out
                       of
                       hand
                       ;
                       there
                       needs
                       no
                       other
                       precaution
                       to
                       be
                       used
                       to
                       it
                       so
                       long
                       as
                       it
                       does
                       not
                       freeze
                       ;
                       but
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       it
                       begins
                       to
                       set
                       to
                       freeze
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       then
                       cover
                       up
                       our
                       Cellery
                       quite
                       over
                       head
                       and
                       ears
                       ,
                       for
                       a
                       hard
                       Frost
                       spoils
                       it
                       presently
                       .
                       And
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       the
                       more
                       easily
                       cover
                       it
                       ,
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       first
                       tied
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       bands
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       it
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       and
                       plant
                       it
                       in
                       another
                       Bed
                       ,
                       setting
                       the
                       Plants
                       as
                       close
                       as
                       we
                       can
                       one
                       to
                       another
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       there
                       needs
                       much
                       less
                       stuff
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       ,
                       than
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       left
                       standing
                       in
                       their
                       old
                       places
                       at
                       such
                       great
                       distances
                       asunder
                       .
                       The
                       way
                       to
                       raise
                       Seed
                       from
                       them
                       ,
                       is
                       ,
                       to
                       transplant
                       some
                       Plants
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       some
                       by-place
                       ,
                       after
                       Winter
                       is
                       past
                       ,
                       which
                       will
                       not
                       fail
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       we
                       know
                       but
                       one
                       sort
                       of
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       Chards
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       Costons
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       fair
                       Artichoke
                       Plants
                       tied
                       ,
                       and
                       wrapt
                       up
                       with
                       Straw
                       in
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       covered
                       up
                       all
                       over
                       but
                       at
                       their
                       very
                       top
                       ,
                       with
                       Straw
                       ,
                       grow
                       white
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       ,
                       lose
                       a
                       little
                       of
                       their
                       bitterness
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       boiled
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       served
                       up
                       like
                       true
                       
                         Spanish
                         Cardons
                      
                       ,
                       but
                       after
                       all
                       ,
                       are
                       not
                       so
                       good
                       ,
                       and
                       besides
                       the
                       Plants
                       often
                       rot
                       and
                       perish
                       whilst
                       we
                       are
                       whiting
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chard-Beets
                       are
                       Plants
                       of
                       white
                       Beets
                       transplanted
                       in
                       a
                       well
                       prepared
                       Bed
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       a
                       full
                       foot
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       which
                       produce
                       great
                       Tops
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       have
                       a
                       large
                       white
                       ,
                       and
                       thick
                       downy
                       Cotton-like
                       Main
                       shoot
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       downy
                       Cotton-like
                       shoot
                       is
                       the
                       true
                       Chard
                       used
                       in
                       Pottages
                       and
                       Intermesses
                       .
                       After
                       we
                       have
                       sown
                       white
                       Beets
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       the
                       naked
                       Earth
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       we
                       transplant
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       yellowest
                       in
                       Beds
                       purposely
                       prepared
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       taking
                       care
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       well
                       during
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       they
                       grow
                       big
                       and
                       strong
                       enough
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       hard
                       winter
                       cold
                       ,
                       provided
                       care
                       be
                       taken
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       just
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       Artichokes
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       likewise
                       well
                       placed
                       ,
                       when
                       two
                       Ranks
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       transplanted
                       between
                       two
                       Ranks
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       .
                       We
                       uncover
                       them
                       in
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       dress
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       give
                       them
                       careful
                       attendance
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       the
                       means
                       of
                       this
                       diligent
                       Culture
                       ,
                       they
                       produce
                       those
                       fine
                       Chards
                       we
                       have
                       in
                       the
                       Rogation
                       Season
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       May
                       and
                       June
                       ;
                       in
                       fine
                       ,
                       they
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       gather
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       July
                       and
                       August
                       ,
                       to
                       sow
                       in
                       the
                       following
                       Spring
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Chassela's
                       is
                       a
                       very
                       good
                       and
                       sweet
                       sort
                       of
                       Grape
                       ,
                       of
                       which
                       there
                       are
                       two
                       kinds
                       ,
                       white
                       and
                       Red
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       latter
                       is
                       very
                       scarce
                       and
                       rare
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       other
                       very
                       common
                       .
                       It
                       requires
                       the
                       good
                       Expositions
                       of
                       the
                       
                         South
                         ,
                         East
                      
                       and
                       West
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       so
                       much
                       the
                       yellower
                       ,
                       the
                       more
                       firm
                       and
                       crackling
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       ;
                       It
                       is
                       of
                       all
                       Grapes
                       that
                       which
                       keeps
                       longest
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       not
                       suffered
                       to
                       grow
                       too
                       ripe
                       upon
                       the
                       Vine
                       before
                       it
                       be
                       gathered
                       .
                       It
                       s
                       Culture
                       which
                       consists
                       in
                       pruning
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       the
                       same
                       with
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       Bourdelais
                       or
                       Verjuice
                       Grape
                       .
                    
                     
                       Musked
                       Chervil
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       Sallet-Furnitures
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       whilst
                       its
                       Leaves
                       are
                       young
                       and
                       tender
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       agreeable
                       ,
                       and
                       proper
                       to
                       contribute
                       towards
                       the
                       giving
                       a
                       perfuming
                       Relish
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       used
                       no
                       longer
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       old
                       and
                       tough
                       .
                       It
                       remains
                       several
                       Years
                       in
                       its
                       place
                       without
                       being
                       spoiled
                       by
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       its
                       Stock
                       grows
                       pretty
                       big
                       and
                       high
                       :
                       it
                       runs
                       to
                       Seed
                       towards
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       is
                       multiplyed
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ordinary
                       Chervil
                       is
                       an
                       annual
                       Plant
                       ,
                       or
                       rather
                       a
                       plant
                       of
                       few
                       Months
                       ,
                       which
                       serves
                       for
                       many
                       Uses
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       young
                       and
                       tender
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       we
                       ought
                       to
                       see
                       a
                       little
                       of
                       it
                       every
                       Month
                       proportionably
                       to
                       the
                       occasions
                       we
                       have
                       for
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       the
                       quantity
                       of
                       Ground
                       we
                       have
                       .
                       It
                       runs
                       very
                       easily
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       we
                       have
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       betimes
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       sow
                       it
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       doubtless
                       we
                       shall
                       have
                       the
                       Seed
                       quite
                       ripe
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       following
                       ;
                       we
                       cut
                       down
                       the
                       stalks
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       it
                       begins
                       to
                       grow
                       yellow
                       ,
                       and
                       beat
                       it
                       out
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       that
                       of
                       other
                       Plants
                       .
                    
                     
                       Chicons
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       ;
                       see
                       their
                       Culture
                       under
                       
                         Lettuces
                         .
                         Cibouls
                      
                       or
                       Chibouls
                       ,
                       properly
                       speaking
                       ,
                       are
                       but
                       Onions
                       that
                       are
                       degenerated
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       which
                       Nature
                       has
                       as
                       't
                       were
                       miscarried
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       Onions
                       that
                       instead
                       of
                       producing
                       a
                       thick
                       Root
                       in
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       one
                       single
                       stem
                       ,
                       produces
                       but
                       a
                       small
                       Root
                       ,
                       and
                       several
                       Stems
                       ,
                       or
                       upright
                       Shoots
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       which
                       produce
                       most
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       are
                       most
                       esteemed
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       sort
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       should
                       be
                       most
                       careful
                       to
                       preserve
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       if
                       planted
                       in
                       March
                       will
                       yield
                       us
                       Seed
                       fit
                       to
                       gather
                       in
                       August
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       Cibouls
                       almost
                       every
                       Month
                       in
                       the
                       Year
                       ,
                       except
                       in
                       very
                       hard
                       Weather
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Earth
                       cannot
                       be
                       cultivated
                       ;
                       their
                       Seed
                       is
                       so
                       perfectly
                       like
                       that
                       of
                       Onions
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       cannot
                       be
                       distinguisht
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       former
                       never
                       recover
                       so
                       as
                       to
                       produce
                       Onions
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       those
                       we
                       pluck
                       up
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Onion
                       Beds
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       sown
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       be
                       thin'd
                       ,
                       that
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       left
                       ,
                       may
                       grow
                       the
                       bigger
                       .
                       We
                       thin
                       our
                       Cibouls
                       also
                       for
                       the
                       same
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       transplant
                       some
                       which
                       prosper
                       very
                       well
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       big
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       so
                       transplanted
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       convenient
                       sometimes
                       to
                       water
                       our
                       
                         Ciboul
                         Beds
                      
                       in
                       Summers
                       that
                       prove
                       extraordinary
                       dry
                       ,
                       and
                       unless
                       in
                       such
                       cases
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       not
                       need
                       watering
                       ,
                       but
                       however
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       always
                       planted
                       in
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                    
                     
                       English
                       Cives
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       Appetites
                       ,
                       are
                       multiplied
                       by
                       producing
                       thick
                       Tufts
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       slipt
                       out
                       and
                       separated
                       into
                       many
                       little
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       transplanted
                       nine
                       or
                       ten
                       Inches
                       asunder
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       Borders
                       or
                       Beds
                       ;
                       they
                       require
                       pretty
                       good
                       Ground
                       ,
                       with
                       which
                       if
                       they
                       be
                       accommodated
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       last
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       years
                       without
                       removing
                       ,
                       without
                       needing
                       any
                       great
                       culture
                       ;
                       it
                       being
                       enough
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       well
                       weeded
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       sometimes
                       
                       during
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       their
                       Leaves
                       only
                       ,
                       that
                       are
                       used
                       for
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       .
                    
                     
                       Citrulls
                       or
                       ordinary
                       
                         Pompions
                         ,
                         Pumpions
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Pumkins
                       ,
                       and
                       Potirons
                       ,
                       or
                       flat
                       Pumpions
                       ,
                       as
                       every
                       body
                       knows
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       biggest
                       productions
                       the
                       Earth
                       brings
                       forth
                       in
                       our
                       Climates
                       ,
                       for
                       whose
                       culture
                       there
                       is
                       little
                       to
                       be
                       done
                       ;
                       usually
                       we
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       that
                       being
                       the
                       only
                       way
                       to
                       preserve
                       and
                       multiply
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       them
                       up
                       with
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       ,
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       in
                       holes
                       made
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       of
                       about
                       two
                       foot
                       diameter
                       ,
                       and
                       one
                       foot
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       two
                       Toises
                       or
                       Fathoms
                       asunder
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       filled
                       with
                       mold
                       ;
                       when
                       their
                       Vines
                       begin
                       to
                       grow
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       foot
                       long
                       ,
                       which
                       happens
                       about
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       we
                       throw
                       upon
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       that
                       length
                       some
                       shovels
                       full
                       of
                       Earth
                       ,
                       both
                       to
                       prevent
                       their
                       being
                       broken
                       by
                       the
                       winds
                       driving
                       them
                       to
                       and
                       fro
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       take
                       root
                       at
                       the
                       place
                       so
                       covered
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       the
                       Fruit
                       that
                       grows
                       beyond
                       that
                       part
                       ,
                       will
                       be
                       the
                       better
                       nourished
                       and
                       consequently
                       grow
                       the
                       bigger
                       :
                       There
                       are
                       two
                       sorts
                       of
                       Citruls
                       or
                       Pumpions
                       ,
                       the
                       Green
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Whitish
                       ones
                       ,
                       but
                       neither
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       sit
                       to
                       be
                       gathered
                       till
                       they
                       be
                       Augusted
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       till
                       they
                       be
                       grown
                       Yellow
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       skin
                       grown
                       tough
                       enough
                       to
                       resist
                       ones
                       nail
                       .
                       We
                       keep
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       our
                       store-houses
                       ,
                       till
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       Lent
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       have
                       been
                       seasonably
                       gather'd
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       defended
                       from
                       the
                       Cold
                       :
                       All
                       sorts
                       of
                       situation
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Air
                       agree
                       with
                       them
                       well
                       enough
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       they
                       which
                       are
                       well
                       exposed
                       ripen
                       sooner
                       than
                       the
                       others
                       ;
                       we
                       trim
                       nothing
                       off
                       from
                       them
                       ,
                       but
                       only
                       content
                       our selves
                       with
                       watering
                       them
                       sometimes
                       when
                       the
                       Summers
                       are
                       excessive
                       dry
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       is
                       found
                       in
                       their
                       Bellies
                       .
                    
                     
                       Coleworts
                       and
                       Collystowers
                       are
                       included
                       under
                       Cabbage
                       .
                    
                     
                       Costons
                       of
                       Artichokes
                       :
                       See
                       Chards
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Garden
                         Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       little
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       a
                       Plant
                       that
                       lasts
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       while
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       of
                       it
                       every
                       Month
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       Chervil
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       always
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       that
                       is
                       tender
                       ;
                       and
                       we
                       sow
                       it
                       very
                       thick
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       which
                       it
                       is
                       very
                       apt
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       we
                       begin
                       to
                       gather
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       cutting
                       down
                       the
                       stalks
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       dry
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       beat
                       out
                       the
                       Seeds
                       and
                       winnow
                       them
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       those
                       of
                       other
                       Plants
                       ,
                       assoon
                       as
                       we
                       perceive
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       to
                       ripen
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cucumber
                       :
                       See
                       their
                       culture
                       under
                       the
                       head
                       of
                       Melons
                       ,
                       and
                       Musk-Melons
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       observed
                       ,
                       that
                       a
                       Cucumber
                       Plant
                       yields
                       a
                       great
                       quantity
                       of
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       a
                       long
                       time
                       ,
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       well
                       cultivated
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       well
                       watered
                       .
                    
                     
                       Currans
                       and
                       
                         Goose
                         berries
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       being
                       comprehended
                       under
                       the
                       French
                       name
                       Groseilles
                       ,
                       both
                       the
                       Red
                       and
                       White
                       ,
                       or
                       Pearled
                       sort
                       ,
                       termed
                       in
                       
                         English
                         ,
                         Currans
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       prickly
                       sort
                       ,
                       called
                       in
                       
                         English
                         ,
                         Dutch
                         Goose-berries
                      
                       ,
                       are
                       kinds
                       of
                       little
                       Fruit
                       shrubs
                       ,
                       which
                       yield
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       Fruit.
                       They
                       produce
                       round
                       about
                       their
                       old
                       stock
                       ,
                       a
                       great
                       number
                       of
                       rooted
                       suckers
                       or
                       slips
                       ,
                       which
                       serve
                       to
                       propagate
                       them
                       ,
                       besides
                       which
                       their
                       Branches
                       and
                       especially
                       the
                       young
                       ones
                       that
                       are
                       cut
                       off
                       from
                       them
                       ,
                       take
                       root
                       easily
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       at
                       least
                       six
                       good
                       foot
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       whole
                       Beds
                       ,
                       or
                       squares
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       the
                       void
                       spaces
                       between
                       the
                       Dwarf-Trees
                       which
                       are
                       usually
                       planted
                       about
                       the
                       squares
                       of
                       Kitchen
                       or
                       Fruit-Gardens
                       .
                       Both
                       of
                       them
                       delight
                       in
                       a
                       Ground
                       that
                       is
                       a
                       little
                       moist
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       enable
                       them
                       to
                       produce
                       thick
                       shoots
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       good
                       Fruit.
                       
                    
                     
                       The
                       Red
                       and
                       Pearled
                       ,
                       or
                       White
                       sort
                       ,
                       called
                       in
                       
                         English
                         Currans
                      
                       produce
                       Bunches
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       Ripe
                       in
                       July
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       prickly
                       ones
                       ,
                       named
                       in
                       
                         English
                         ,
                         Goose
                         berries
                      
                       ,
                       produce
                       none
                       ,
                       but
                       bear
                       their
                       Fruit
                       upon
                       single
                       stalks
                       all
                       along
                       the
                       young
                       Branches
                       of
                       the
                       preceeding
                       years
                       growth
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       at
                       the
                       place
                       of
                       every
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       Eyes
                       or
                       Buds
                       of
                       that
                       Branch
                       .
                       The
                       Fruit
                       of
                       this
                       latter
                       is
                       used
                       particularly
                       in
                       March
                       and
                       April
                       ,
                       in
                       Compôtes
                       or
                       wet
                       sweet-meats
                       ,
                       and
                       sauces
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       uses
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       very
                       Green
                       ,
                       for
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       Ripe
                       ,
                       it
                       grows
                       too
                       soft
                       and
                       flat
                       .
                       The
                       culture
                       that
                       is
                       most
                       proper
                       to
                       be
                       used
                       to
                       both
                       Currans
                       and
                       Goose-berries
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       to
                       the
                       Currans
                       ,
                       consists
                       in
                       cutting
                       away
                       all
                       their
                       old
                       wood
                       ,
                       and
                       preserving
                       only
                       that
                       of
                       one
                       and
                       two
                       years
                       growth
                       :
                       for
                       a
                       confused
                       mixture
                       of
                       one
                       with
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       is
                       not
                       only
                       very
                       indisagreeable
                       and
                       pernicious
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       old
                       Branches
                       will
                       bear
                       nothing
                       but
                       very
                       small
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       till
                       at
                       last
                       they
                       quite
                       degenerate
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       they
                       will
                       bear
                       none
                       but
                       small
                       ,
                       common
                       ,
                       and
                       very
                       crabbed
                       sowre
                       Currans
                       or
                       Goose-berries
                       ,
                       and
                       assoon
                       as
                       the
                       old
                       stocks
                       have
                       done
                       bearing
                       any
                       longer
                       either
                       fair
                       Branches
                       or
                       good
                       Fruit
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       take
                       a
                       Resolution
                       utterly
                       to
                       grub
                       them
                       up
                       ,
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       first
                       raised
                       a
                       plantation
                       of
                       new
                       ones
                       in
                       some
                       other
                       choice
                       fresh
                       piece
                       of
                       Ground
                       ,
                       to
                       supply
                       their
                       places
                       ;
                       for
                       a
                       Garden
                       ought
                       by
                       no
                       means
                       to
                       be
                       without
                       fair
                       Currans
                       and
                       Goose-berries
                       ,
                       and
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       new
                       ones
                       begin
                       to
                       bear
                       ,
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       destroy
                       the
                       old
                       ones
                       ,
                       which
                       make
                       but
                       a
                       very
                       unsightly
                       figure
                       in
                       a
                       Garden
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       D.
                       
                    
                     
                       SHarp
                       Dock
                       ,
                       or
                       Dock-Sorrel
                       ,
                       or
                       Patience
                       ,
                       properly
                       speaking
                       ,
                       is
                       but
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       very
                       great
                       or
                       large
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       very
                       sower
                       .
                       We
                       content
                       our selves
                       only
                       with
                       some
                       borders
                       ,
                       or
                       perhaps
                       ,
                       some
                       one
                       single
                       Bed
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       of
                       its
                       Leaves
                       to
                       mix
                       now
                       and
                       then
                       among
                       our
                       Sorrel
                       .
                       The
                       manner
                       of
                       raising
                       it
                       is
                       the
                       same
                       we
                       practise
                       with
                       Sorrel
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       E.
                       
                    
                     
                       ENdive
                       is
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       very
                       good
                       annual
                       Plant
                       used
                       in
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       our
                       pottage
                       in
                       the
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       Seasons
                       ,
                       provided
                       it
                       be
                       well
                       whitened
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       tender
                       and
                       delicate
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       multiplied
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       the
                       Common
                       or
                       
                         Garden
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       wild
                       Endive
                       ,
                       called
                       also
                       Succory
                       ,
                       the
                       common
                       name
                       in
                       French
                       to
                       them
                       both
                       .
                       The
                       Common
                       Endive
                       is
                       of
                       several
                       kinds
                       ,
                       viz.
                       The
                       White
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       most
                       delicate
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Green
                       sort
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       most
                       rustical
                       ,
                       and
                       best
                       able
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       Cold
                       ,
                       as
                       likewise
                       the
                       Curled
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       not
                       Curled
                       .
                    
                     
                       All
                       sorts
                       of
                       them
                       agree
                       tolerably
                       well
                       with
                       all
                       kinds
                       of
                       Ground
                       .
                       We
                       seldom
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       till
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       very
                       thin
                       ,
                       or
                       be
                       very
                       much
                       thinned
                       ,
                       aftewards
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       be
                       whitened
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       where
                       they
                       first
                       grow
                       ,
                       without
                       transplanting
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       also
                       sow
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       quantity
                       of
                       them
                       at
                       once
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       are
                       too
                       apt
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       :
                       The
                       season
                       for
                       sowing
                       a
                       greater
                       quantity
                       of
                       them
                       is
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Month
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       good
                       for
                       spending
                       in
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       afterwards
                       sow
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       it
                       again
                       in
                       August
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       a
                       sufficient
                       provision
                       of
                       it
                       to
                       supply
                       us
                       all
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       first
                       part
                       of
                       the
                       Winter
                       .
                       When
                       our
                       Endive
                       comes
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       we
                       cut
                       it
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       pull
                       up
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       to
                       thin
                       it
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       rest
                       may
                       grow
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       be
                       transplanted
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       we
                       transplant
                       any
                       of
                       it
                       in
                       Summer
                       time
                       ,
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       placed
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       a
                       large
                       foot
                       between
                       Plant
                       and
                       Plant
                       ;
                       we
                       usually
                       make
                       great
                       Beds
                       of
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       foot
                       broad
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       afterwards
                       in
                       rows
                       markt
                       out
                       strait
                       with
                       a
                       cord
                       .
                       This
                       Plant
                       requires
                       great
                       and
                       frequent
                       waterings
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       big
                       enough
                       we
                       must
                       go
                       to
                       work
                       to
                       whiten
                       it
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       effect
                       ,
                       we
                       tie
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       bands
                       according
                       as
                       its
                       height
                       requires
                       ;
                       and
                       being
                       so
                       tied
                       ,
                       it
                       whitens
                       in
                       fifteen
                       ,
                       or
                       twenty
                       days
                       :
                       But
                       because
                       it
                       is
                       very
                       apprehensive
                       of
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       therefore
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       the
                       Cold
                       begins
                       to
                       come
                       on
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       whether
                       it
                       be
                       tied
                       up
                       or
                       no
                       :
                       At
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       we
                       plant
                       the
                       stocks
                       of
                       it
                       pretty
                       near
                       together
                       because
                       then
                       it
                       grows
                       neither
                       so
                       high
                       ,
                       nor
                       spreads
                       so
                       much
                       as
                       in
                       Summer
                       :
                       And
                       if
                       we
                       can
                       save
                       any
                       Plants
                       of
                       it
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       transplant
                       them
                       again
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       produce
                       Seed
                       that
                       may
                       have
                       sufficient
                       time
                       to
                       ripen
                       .
                       Those
                       persons
                       that
                       have
                       a
                       good
                       Conservatory
                       or
                       Green
                       house
                       ,
                       will
                       do
                       well
                       to
                       house
                       it
                       up
                       there
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       which
                       have
                       none
                       must
                       be
                       content
                       to
                       cover
                       it
                       up
                       well
                       with
                       a
                       good
                       quantity
                       of
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       Frost
                       may
                       not
                       come
                       at
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       Wild
                       Endive
                       ,
                       or
                       Succory
                       is
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       pretty
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       Ground
                       well
                       prepared
                       .
                       We
                       endeavour
                       to
                       fortifie
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       make
                       it
                       grow
                       big
                       all
                       Summer
                       ,
                       by
                       watering
                       ,
                       and
                       cropping
                       it
                       that
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       fit
                       to
                       whiten
                       in
                       Winter
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       People
                       that
                       will
                       eat
                       it
                       Green
                       in
                       Sallets
                       though
                       it
                       be
                       never
                       so
                       bitter
                       ,
                       but
                       commonly
                       they
                       rather
                       desire
                       it
                       whitened
                       :
                       And
                       to
                       whiten
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       cover
                       it
                       up
                       with
                       a
                       great
                       deal
                       of
                       long
                       Dung
                       ,
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       first
                       cut
                       it
                       close
                       to
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       ,
                       it
                       been
                       forced
                       to
                       spring
                       up
                       in
                       obscurity
                       ,
                       and
                       shaded
                       from
                       all
                       light
                       ,
                       its
                       young
                       shoots
                       grow
                       White
                       and
                       tender
                       .
                       The
                       neatest
                       way
                       is
                       by
                       the
                       interposition
                       of
                       some
                       props
                       crossing
                       from
                       side
                       to
                       side
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       the
                       Dung
                       from
                       touching
                       it
                       ,
                       since
                       it
                       shoots
                       up
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       under
                       such
                       a
                       hollow
                       covering
                       as
                       under
                       a
                       close
                       one
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       care
                       be
                       taken
                       ,
                       so
                       well
                       to
                       stop
                       up
                       passages
                       on
                       all
                       sides
                       ,
                       that
                       no
                       light
                       or
                       Air
                       at
                       all
                       get
                       in
                       .
                       Being
                       thus
                       ordered
                       ,
                       its
                       shoots
                       are
                       much
                       cleanlier
                       ,
                       and
                       relish
                       not
                       so
                       much
                       of
                       the
                       Dung.
                       They
                       which
                       have
                       Conservatories
                       may
                       transplant
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       thither
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       it
                       sprouting
                       well
                       enough
                       there
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       obscurely
                       placed
                       .
                       When
                       it
                       is
                       Green
                       it
                       endures
                       the
                       Frost
                       well
                       enough
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       it
                       runs
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                       Many
                       People
                       eat
                       its
                       young
                       shoots
                       in
                       Sallets
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       young
                       and
                       tender
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       F.
                       
                    
                     
                       FEnnel
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       Sallets
                       Furnitures
                       which
                       grows
                       only
                       from
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       seldom
                       transplanted
                       .
                       It
                       resists
                       the
                       Cold
                       of
                       Winter
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       it
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       Borders
                       .
                       It
                       springs
                       again
                       ,
                       when
                       cut
                       .
                       It
                       s
                       youngest
                       and
                       tendrest
                       shoots
                       are
                       the
                       best
                       .
                       It
                       s
                       Seed
                       is
                       gathered
                       in
                       August
                       ;
                       and
                       in
                       fine
                       it
                       agrees
                       well
                       enough
                       with
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Grounds
                       .
                       
                         See
                         more
                         of
                         it
                         under
                      
                       Anis
                       .
                    
                     
                       Furnitures
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       
                         Mint
                         ,
                         Tarragon
                         ,
                         Samphire
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       See
                       their
                       culture
                       under
                       the
                       several
                       titles
                       of
                       those
                       Plants
                       that
                       compose
                       them
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       G.
                       
                    
                     
                       GArlick
                       is
                       propagated
                       by
                       heads
                       ,
                       or
                       kernels
                       called
                       Cloves
                       ,
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       which
                       are
                       set
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       deep
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       distance
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       laid
                       to
                       dry
                       in
                       a
                       place
                       free
                       from
                       moisture
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       preserve
                       them
                       from
                       one
                       year
                       to
                       another
                       .
                    
                     
                       Goose-berries
                       :
                       See
                       Currans
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       H.
                       
                    
                     
                       HArtshorn
                       or
                       
                         Buckshorn
                         Sallet
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       a
                       little
                       annual
                       Plant
                       whose
                       Leaves
                       when
                       tender
                       ,
                       are
                       used
                       in
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       they
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       March
                       very
                       thick
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       impossible
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       thin
                       ,
                       because
                       their
                       Seeds
                       are
                       so
                       very
                       small
                       which
                       are
                       gatherad
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       .
                       The
                       little
                       Birds
                       are
                       very
                       greedy
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       of
                       all
                       other
                       small
                       Kitchen
                       Plant
                       Seeds
                       .
                       When
                       the
                       Leaves
                       of
                       this
                       Plant
                       are
                       cut
                       ,
                       there
                       spring
                       up
                       fresh
                       ones
                       ,
                       as
                       do
                       also
                       from
                       
                         Sorrel
                         ,
                         Cives
                         ,
                         Parsley
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Fine
                       ,
                       or
                       Sweet
                       Herbs
                       :
                       See
                       Aromaticks
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       L.
                       
                    
                     
                       LAvender
                       serves
                       to
                       garnish
                       borders
                       in
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       ,
                       and
                       yields
                       a
                       Flower
                       which
                       without
                       being
                       separated
                       from
                       its
                       stalks
                       ,
                       is
                       used
                       to
                       put
                       among
                       clean
                       Linen
                       to
                       perfume
                       it
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       multiplied
                       both
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       its
                       Branches
                       or
                       Slips
                       which
                       have
                       taken
                       Root
                       at
                       their
                       joints
                       .
                    
                     
                       Leeks
                       are
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       pretty
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       Beds
                       well
                       prepared
                       ,
                       after
                       which
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Month
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       we
                       take
                       them
                       up
                       neatly
                       and
                       transplant
                       them
                       into
                       other
                       Beds
                       which
                       are
                       no
                       less
                       carefully
                       prepared
                       ;
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       which
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       ,
                       holes
                       about
                       four
                       Inches
                       deep
                       ,
                       and
                       half
                       a
                       foot
                       asunder
                       ,
                       and
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       little
                       trimmed
                       both
                       their
                       Roots
                       and
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       we
                       only
                       slide
                       down
                       a
                       single
                       Plant
                       into
                       every
                       hole
                       ,
                       without
                       minding
                       to
                       press
                       down
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       it
                       ,
                       as
                       we
                       do
                       to
                       all
                       other
                       Plants
                       ;
                       however
                       we
                       take
                       care
                       to
                       grub
                       up
                       the
                       Weeds
                       about
                       them
                       from
                       time
                       to
                       time
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       a
                       little
                       in
                       very
                       dry
                       weather
                       ,
                       that
                       their
                       stems
                       may
                       grow
                       to
                       a
                       due
                       thickness
                       ,
                       and
                       may
                       whiten
                       before
                       Winter
                       ;
                       when
                       the
                       Frost
                       is
                       very
                       brisk
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       best
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       ,
                       to
                       set
                       them
                       into
                       Earth
                       in
                       the
                       Conservatory
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       likewise
                       very
                       convenient
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       them
                       up
                       out
                       of
                       their
                       Bed
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       planted
                       a
                       little
                       at
                       large
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       place
                       them
                       nearer
                       together
                       afterwards
                       in
                       another
                       
                         Nursery
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       cover
                       them
                       up
                       with
                       long
                       Litter
                       ,
                       because
                       otherwise
                       when
                       it
                       freezes
                       hard
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       not
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       get
                       them
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       without
                       breaking
                       them
                       .
                       We
                       may
                       leave
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       standing
                       after
                       Winter
                       ,
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       we
                       may
                       Plant
                       some
                       in
                       a
                       separate
                       place
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       is
                       gathered
                       in
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       there
                       is
                       one
                       sort
                       that
                       is
                       bigger
                       than
                       the
                       ordinary
                       one
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       best
                       .
                    
                     
                       Lettuces
                       are
                       Plants
                       that
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       ordinarily
                       and
                       commonly
                       seen
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       indeed
                       the
                       most
                       useful
                       Manna
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       for
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       of
                       which
                       almost
                       all
                       the
                       World
                       is
                       most
                       constantly
                       amorous
                       .
                       We
                       have
                       many
                       things
                       ;
                       for
                       in
                       the
                       first
                       place
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       Lettuces
                       of
                       different
                       Seasons
                       ,
                       those
                       which
                       are
                       good
                       in
                       certain
                       Months
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       being
                       not
                       good
                       in
                       others
                       ;
                       and
                       those
                       which
                       grow
                       well
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       thriving
                       not
                       well
                       in
                       Summer
                       ;
                       and
                       they
                       which
                       prosper
                       in
                       Autumn
                       and
                       Winter
                       ,
                       coming
                       tonothing
                       ,
                       neither
                       in
                       Spring
                       nor
                       Summer
                       ,
                       as
                       will
                       be
                       seen
                       afterwards
                       :
                       In
                       the
                       second
                       place
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       some
                       that
                       with
                       the
                       ordinary
                       help
                       of
                       the
                       general
                       culture
                       attain
                       their
                       due
                       perfection
                       ,
                       and
                       contribute
                       both
                       to
                       the
                       nourishment
                       and
                       pleasure
                       of
                       Man-kind
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       are
                       the
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuces
                      
                       .
                       
                       Thirdly
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       some
                       that
                       necessarily
                       require
                       the
                       Art
                       of
                       Industry
                       and
                       the
                       Gard'ner
                       to
                       advance
                       them
                       to
                       that
                       degree
                       of
                       perfection
                       which
                       they
                       should
                       have
                       ;
                       and
                       they
                       are
                       such
                       as
                       must
                       be
                       tied
                       up
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       grow
                       white
                       ,
                       without
                       which
                       they
                       would
                       be
                       neither
                       tender
                       ,
                       nor
                       sweet
                       ,
                       nor
                       good
                       ;
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       the
                       
                         Roman
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       Nay
                       ,
                       and
                       I
                       have
                       thought
                       fit
                       sometimes
                       to
                       tie
                       up
                       those
                       that
                       were
                       to
                       cabbage
                       ,
                       when
                       I
                       saw
                       they
                       did
                       not
                       cabbage
                       soon
                       enough
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       they
                       may
                       be
                       forced
                       to
                       cabbage
                       whether
                       they
                       will
                       or
                       no.
                       I
                       use
                       this
                       Method
                       particularly
                       with
                       some
                       sorts
                       of
                       
                         Winter
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       when
                       there
                       are
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       which
                       though
                       furnished
                       with
                       leaves
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       cabbage
                       ,
                       yet
                       for
                       want
                       of
                       sufficient
                       heat
                       ,
                       are
                       hindred
                       from
                       turning
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       from
                       growing
                       hard
                       ;
                       and
                       this
                       expedient
                       is
                       a
                       very
                       soveraign
                       Remedy
                       against
                       that
                       Defect
                       ,
                       in
                       a
                       surly
                       Season
                       ;
                       and
                       besides
                       these
                       general
                       distinctions
                       ,
                       the
                       number
                       of
                       the
                       particular
                       Kinds
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       is
                       greater
                       than
                       of
                       any
                       other
                       sort
                       of
                       Kitchen-plants
                       whatsoever
                       ,
                       as
                       will
                       appear
                       more
                       especially
                       by
                       the
                       order
                       they
                       observe
                       in
                       respect
                       of
                       the
                       Seasons
                       ;
                       and
                       the
                       order
                       of
                       the
                       Cabbage-Lettuces
                       ,
                       as
                       near
                       as
                       I
                       can
                       describe
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       this
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       first
                       that
                       cabbage
                       at
                       the
                       going
                       out
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       are
                       the
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuces
                      
                       so
                       call'd
                       ,
                       because
                       their
                       Leaf
                       is
                       round
                       almost
                       like
                       a
                       Shell
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       otherwise
                       called
                       Winter-Lettuces
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       pretty
                       well
                       indure
                       ordinary
                       Frosts
                       ,
                       which
                       none
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       other
                       Lettuces
                       can
                       do
                       .
                       These
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       afterward
                       transplanted
                       in
                       some
                       Wall-Border
                       towards
                       the
                       South
                       and
                       East
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       October
                       and
                       November
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       they
                       are
                       sown
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       February
                       and
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       good
                       to
                       eat
                       in
                       April
                       and
                       May.
                       We
                       have
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       another
                       sort
                       of
                       
                         Reddish
                         Lettuces
                      
                       called
                       
                         Passion
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       prosper
                       very
                       well
                       in
                       light
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       but
                       not
                       over
                       well
                       in
                       others
                       that
                       being
                       colder
                       and
                       stronger
                       or
                       heavier
                       ,
                       easily
                       infect
                       them
                       with
                       slimy
                       Snivel
                       .
                       Both
                       these
                       kinds
                       should
                       when
                       they
                       thrive
                       ,
                       produce
                       very
                       thick
                       and
                       good
                       Heads
                       .
                       To
                       these
                       succeed
                       the
                       Bright
                       curled
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       which
                       usually
                       cabbage
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       before
                       the
                       heat
                       grows
                       any
                       thing
                       excessive
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       must
                       not
                       be
                       planted
                       in
                       strong
                       and
                       heavy
                       Lands
                       .
                       They
                       likewise
                       do
                       well
                       enough
                       upon
                       a
                       
                         Hot
                         Bed
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       under
                       
                         Glass
                         Bells
                      
                       or
                       Frames
                       ;
                       for
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       sown
                       in
                       January
                       ,
                       and
                       transplanted
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       any
                       thing
                       thick
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       left
                       thin
                       upon
                       their
                       Nursery-Beds
                       ,
                       they
                       cabbage
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       the
                       Winter-Lettuces
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       very
                       excellent
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       is
                       about
                       the
                       same
                       Season
                       ,
                       two
                       other
                       sorts
                       of
                       
                         Curled
                         Bright
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ;
                       viz.
                       one
                       called
                       
                         George
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       thicker
                       and
                       less
                       curled
                       than
                       the
                       ordinary
                       
                         Curled
                         Bright
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ;
                       and
                       another
                       called
                       the
                       
                         Minion
                         Lettuce
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       least
                       sort
                       .
                       Both
                       these
                       last
                       require
                       such
                       Ground
                       as
                       we
                       term
                       good
                       black
                       Sand
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       their
                       Heads
                       seldom
                       cabbage
                       close
                       enough
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       are
                       not
                       ordinarily
                       so
                       hard
                       and
                       firm
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       right
                       
                         Curled
                         Bright
                         Lettuces
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       
                         Curled
                         Green
                         Lettuces
                      
                       come
                       in
                       near
                       about
                       the
                       same
                       Season
                       with
                       the
                       preceeding
                       ones
                       ,
                       but
                       are
                       not
                       so
                       tender
                       nor
                       delicate
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       is
                       also
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       small
                       red
                       ones
                       ,
                       and
                       another
                       named
                       
                         Short
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       which
                       have
                       all
                       the
                       necessary
                       qualifications
                       of
                       good
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       excepting
                       only
                       that
                       their
                       Heads
                       are
                       small
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       they
                       likewise
                       require
                       Black
                       Sandy
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       first
                       Lettuces
                       supply
                       us
                       amply
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       said
                       ,
                       during
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       April
                       and
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       but
                       after
                       that
                       time
                       they
                       are
                       too
                       apt
                       to
                       be
                       influenced
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       by
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       that
                       then
                       comes
                       on
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       followed
                       during
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       by
                       those
                       called
                       the
                       
                         Royal
                         Bellegardes
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Fair
                         Looks
                         ,
                         Bright
                         Genua's
                         ,
                         Capucins
                         ,
                         Aubervilliers
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Perpignans
                       ;
                       of
                       which
                       last
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       both
                       green
                       and
                       bright
                       ,
                       both
                       of
                       which
                       produce
                       very
                       fair
                       and
                       very
                       good
                       heads
                       ,
                       and
                       thrive
                       well
                       enough
                       in
                       strong
                       Grounds
                       too
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Summer
                       proves
                       not
                       too
                       Rainy
                       ;
                       but
                       cold
                       ,
                       or
                       too
                       frequent
                       Rains
                       infect
                       them
                       with
                       Slime
                       and
                       Snivel
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       destroy
                       them
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Capucin
                         Lettuces
                      
                       are
                       reddish
                       ,
                       cabbage
                       easily
                       ,
                       even
                       without
                       transplanting
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       pretty
                       delicate
                       .
                       The
                       Aubervilliers
                       bring
                       forth
                       Heads
                       that
                       are
                       too
                       hard
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       bitter
                       withall
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       more
                       used
                       for
                       boiling
                       than
                       for
                       Sallets
                       .
                       The
                       difference
                       that
                       appears
                       between
                       the
                       Royal
                       and
                       the
                       Bellegardes
                       or
                       
                         Fair
                         look'd
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       is
                       only
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       former
                       are
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       Greenish
                       ,
                       and
                       these
                       last
                       a
                       little
                       Brighter
                       .
                    
                     
                       However
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       time
                       ,
                       the
                       tied
                       Lettuces
                       are
                       mixed
                       among
                       the
                       cabbaged
                       ones
                       ,
                       viz.
                       the
                       
                         Roman
                         Lettuces
                      
                       which
                       are
                       open
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       called
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       or
                       Bright
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       termed
                       Alphanges
                       ,
                       which
                       last
                       are
                       more
                       delicate
                       than
                       the
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       both
                       to
                       raise
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       eaten
                       in
                       Sallets
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       also
                       a
                       sort
                       which
                       are
                       stiled
                       
                         Imperial
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       of
                       an
                       extraordinary
                       great
                       Size
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       likewise
                       very
                       delicate
                       to
                       the
                       taste
                       ,
                       but
                       very
                       apt
                       to
                       rot
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       ever
                       they
                       grow
                       white
                       ;
                       there
                       are
                       besides
                       ,
                       a
                       certain
                       kind
                       of
                       large
                       
                         Reddish
                         Chi●●●s
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       whiten
                       in
                       a
                       manner
                       of
                       themselves
                       without
                       tying
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       good
                       in
                       course
                       Grounds
                       ,
                       and
                       succeed
                       usually
                       pretty
                       well
                       in
                       Summer
                       ,
                       for
                       as
                       for
                       the
                       green
                       Chicons
                       ,
                       we
                       
                       cannot
                       well
                       have
                       them
                       but
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       run
                       too
                       hastily
                       to
                       Seed
                       .
                       The
                       Lettuces
                       that
                       defend
                       themselves
                       best
                       from
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       that
                       predominates
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       are
                       those
                       we
                       call
                       
                         Genua
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       the
                       green
                       sort
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       
                         Bright
                         Genua
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       
                         Red
                         Genua
                      
                       run
                       more
                       easily
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       will
                       hardly
                       come
                       to
                       good
                       but
                       in
                       light
                       Grounds
                       .
                       We
                       should
                       therefore
                       prepare
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       of
                       these
                       green
                       Genua's
                       against
                       the
                       Dog-days
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       first
                       Frosts
                       ;
                       we
                       may
                       also
                       intermix
                       with
                       them
                       some
                       few
                       Bright
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       
                         Red
                         Genua's
                      
                       ;
                       but
                       more
                       especially
                       we
                       should
                       be
                       sure
                       to
                       mix
                       with
                       them
                       some
                       Alfanges
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       great
                       quantity
                       of
                       bright
                       or
                       white
                       Endive
                       ,
                       as
                       likewise
                       ,
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       
                         Perpignan
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       both
                       of
                       the
                       bright
                       and
                       green
                       kind
                       .
                       The
                       great
                       Inconveniencies
                       that
                       happen
                       to
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       are
                       first
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       often
                       degenerate
                       so
                       far
                       as
                       to
                       cabbage
                       no
                       more
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       discovered
                       by
                       their
                       Leaves
                       growing
                       out
                       in
                       length
                       like
                       a
                       Cat
                       's
                       Tongue
                       ,
                       as
                       Gard'ners
                       term
                       it
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       their
                       changing
                       their
                       natural
                       colour
                       into
                       another
                       more
                       or
                       less
                       green
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       very
                       careful
                       to
                       gather
                       no
                       Seed
                       from
                       any
                       but
                       such
                       as
                       cabbage
                       very
                       well
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       effect
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       be
                       sure
                       to
                       mark
                       out
                       at
                       first
                       ,
                       some
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       turn
                       best
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       reserve
                       them
                       to
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       where
                       they
                       stand
                       ,
                       or
                       to
                       remove
                       them
                       with
                       a
                       turf
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       about
                       them
                       into
                       some
                       separate
                       place
                       assigned
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       second
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       cabbaged
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       spent
                       ,
                       unless
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       the
                       displeasure
                       to
                       see
                       them
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       without
                       doing
                       us
                       any
                       Service
                       ;
                       in
                       which
                       Respect
                       the
                       Market
                       Gard'ners
                       have
                       a
                       great
                       advantage
                       beyond
                       other
                       Persons
                       ,
                       because
                       they
                       can
                       sell
                       off
                       in
                       one
                       day
                       ,
                       whole
                       Beds
                       of
                       these
                       
                         Cabbage
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       for
                       commonly
                       the
                       Beds
                       which
                       were
                       new
                       planted
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       ,
                       Cabbage
                       likewise
                       all
                       at
                       once
                       ,
                       whereas
                       in
                       other
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       we
                       cannot
                       spend
                       them
                       any
                       faster
                       than
                       we
                       need
                       them
                       ,
                       for
                       which
                       Reason
                       we
                       are
                       obliged
                       to
                       plant
                       often
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       in
                       greater
                       quantity
                       than
                       we
                       are
                       able
                       to
                       consume
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       a
                       continual
                       supply
                       of
                       them
                       successively
                       ,
                       without
                       any
                       Discontinuation
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       much
                       more
                       commodious
                       to
                       have
                       an
                       over-plus
                       quantity
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       than
                       to
                       want
                       .
                       The
                       surest
                       way
                       is
                       to
                       keep
                       particularly
                       to
                       those
                       sorts
                       that
                       are
                       the
                       most
                       Rustical
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       last
                       a
                       great
                       while
                       cabbaged
                       before
                       they
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       the
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       Perpignans
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         Green
                         Genua's
                      
                       ,
                       the
                       Aubervilliers
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Austrichettes
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Austrian
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       I
                       must
                       confess
                       too
                       ,
                       are
                       a
                       long
                       time
                       cabbaging
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       third
                       inconvenience
                       is
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Morie
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       the
                       Rot
                       which
                       begins
                       at
                       the
                       ends
                       of
                       their
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       seizes
                       them
                       sometimes
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       when
                       the
                       Ground
                       or
                       the
                       Season
                       are
                       not
                       favourable
                       to
                       them
                       ,
                       they
                       remain
                       thin
                       and
                       lean
                       ,
                       and
                       run
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       instead
                       of
                       spreading
                       and
                       cabbaging
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       hardly
                       any
                       Remedy
                       to
                       prevent
                       this
                       Rot
                       because
                       there
                       is
                       hardly
                       any
                       to
                       be
                       found
                       effectual
                       against
                       the
                       cold
                       and
                       rainy
                       Seasons
                       that
                       cause
                       it
                       ;
                       but
                       against
                       the
                       defects
                       that
                       may
                       be
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       ,
                       there
                       are
                       infallible
                       ones
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       amended
                       and
                       improved
                       with
                       small
                       Dung
                       ,
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       barren
                       ,
                       whether
                       it
                       be
                       a
                       sandy
                       ,
                       or
                       a
                       Cold
                       and
                       gross
                       Earth
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       this
                       last
                       ,
                       we
                       should
                       give
                       a
                       little
                       slope
                       ,
                       if
                       when
                       the
                       Ground
                       is
                       good
                       ,
                       the
                       waters
                       spoil
                       it
                       by
                       settling
                       too
                       much
                       in
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       ,
                       make
                       all
                       the
                       Plants
                       growing
                       there
                       to
                       rot
                       .
                       Good
                       Dung
                       throughly
                       rotten
                       ,
                       being
                       the
                       Soul
                       and
                       
                         Primum
                         Mobile
                      
                       of
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       ,
                       without
                       which
                       ,
                       no
                       more
                       than
                       without
                       frequent
                       waterings
                       ,
                       and
                       dressing
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       no
                       man
                       can
                       ever
                       be
                       rich
                       in
                       fine
                       and
                       goodly
                       Legumes
                       .
                    
                     
                       There
                       yet
                       remains
                       to
                       be
                       known
                       for
                       the
                       perfect
                       understanding
                       the
                       ordering
                       of
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       which
                       grow
                       biggest
                       must
                       be
                       placed
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       inches
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       understood
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Shell
                         Lettuces
                         ,
                         Perpignans
                         ,
                         Austrians
                         ,
                         Bellegardes
                         ,
                      
                       or
                       
                         Fair-looks
                         ,
                         Aubervilliers
                         ,
                         Alfanges
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       Imperials
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       those
                       that
                       bear
                       heads
                       but
                       of
                       a
                       midling
                       size
                       ,
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       seven
                       or
                       eight
                       inches
                       is
                       enough
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       the
                       Bright
                       Curled
                       ,
                       the
                       short
                       ,
                       the
                       little
                       Red
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       
                         Green
                         Chicon
                         Lettuces
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       Those
                       that
                       will
                       be
                       good
                       husbands
                       may
                       sow
                       Radishes
                       in
                       their
                       
                         Lettuce
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       because
                       the
                       Radishes
                       will
                       be
                       all
                       drawn
                       out
                       and
                       spent
                       before
                       the
                       Lettuces
                       cabbage
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       the
                       same
                       reason
                       ,
                       because
                       the
                       Endives
                       are
                       much
                       longer
                       before
                       they
                       come
                       to
                       perfection
                       than
                       the
                       Lettuces
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       Plant
                       some
                       of
                       these
                       last
                       among
                       the
                       Endives
                       ;
                       they
                       agree
                       well
                       enough
                       one
                       with
                       the
                       other
                       :
                       and
                       so
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       a
                       double
                       crop
                       to
                       gather
                       upon
                       one
                       and
                       the
                       same
                       Bed
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       Season
                       ;
                       for
                       the
                       Lettuces
                       are
                       gathered
                       first
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       the
                       Endives
                       arrive
                       to
                       their
                       full
                       goodness
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       M.
                       
                    
                     
                       MAches
                       ,
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       little
                       Sallet
                       which
                       we
                       may
                       call
                       a
                       wild
                       and
                       rustical
                       Sallet
                       ,
                       because
                       indeed
                       it
                       seldom
                       is
                       brought
                       before
                       any
                       noble
                       Company
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       multiplied
                       by
                       Seed
                       which
                       is
                       gathered
                       in
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       only
                       used
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Winter
                       .
                       We
                       make
                       Beds
                       for
                       them
                       which
                       we
                       sow
                       about
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       August
                       ;
                       they
                       are
                       hardy
                       enough
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       rigours
                       of
                       the
                       Frost
                       ,
                       and
                       because
                       they
                       produce
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       little
                       Seeds
                       that
                       easily
                       fall
                       ,
                       though
                       we
                       have
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       quantity
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       propagate
                       themselves
                       sufficiently
                       ,
                       without
                       any
                       other
                       culture
                       but
                       weeding
                       them
                       .
                    
                     
                       Mallows
                       and
                       Marsh-mallows
                       ought
                       to
                       be
                       allowed
                       a
                       place
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       ,
                       though
                       civility
                       will
                       not
                       permit
                       us
                       to
                       explain
                       in
                       this
                       Treatise
                       what
                       uses
                       they
                       serve
                       for
                       ,
                       and
                       though
                       they
                       be
                       rather
                       Plants
                       of
                       the
                       wild
                       fields
                       than
                       of
                       a
                       Garden
                       .
                       They
                       grow
                       of
                       their
                       own
                       accord
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       no
                       more
                       need
                       of
                       cultivating
                       than
                       any
                       of
                       the
                       Weeds
                       that
                       infest
                       the
                       good
                       Herbs
                       .
                       When
                       we
                       have
                       a
                       mind
                       to
                       have
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       our
                       Gardens
                       ,
                       it
                       will
                       be
                       best
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       some
                       by-place
                       .
                    
                     
                       Marjoram
                       ,
                       or
                       Marjerom
                       ,
                       is
                       an
                       Odoriferous
                       Plant
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       compose
                       agreeable
                       Borders
                       and
                       Edgings
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       the
                       
                         Winter
                         Marjoram
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       best
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       
                         Summer
                         Marjoram
                      
                       which
                       lasts
                       not
                       beyond
                       that
                       Season
                       .
                       Both
                       of
                       them
                       are
                       multiplied
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       likewise
                       by
                       Rooted
                       slips
                       or
                       suckers
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       principally
                       used
                       in
                       making
                       Perfumes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Mint
                       ,
                       called
                       in
                       
                         French
                         ,
                         Balm
                      
                       ,
                       when
                       once
                       planted
                       ,
                       needs
                       no
                       other
                       particular
                       culture
                       than
                       being
                       cut
                       down
                       close
                       to
                       the
                       Ground
                       every
                       year
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       it
                       shoot
                       out
                       store
                       of
                       tender
                       Sprouts
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       mingled
                       with
                       the
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       Sallets
                       for
                       them
                       that
                       love
                       them
                       a
                       little
                       spicy
                       and
                       perfumed
                       .
                       It
                       must
                       be
                       renewed
                       every
                       three
                       years
                       at
                       least
                       ,
                       and
                       placed
                       always
                       in
                       good
                       Earth
                       .
                       The
                       Branches
                       when
                       cut
                       off
                       ,
                       take
                       Root
                       at
                       the
                       place
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       covered
                       ,
                       and
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       ,
                       of
                       one
                       great
                       Tuft
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       easily
                       make
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       planted
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       a
                       foot
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       .
                       In
                       the
                       Winter
                       likewise
                       ,
                       we
                       plant
                       some
                       thick
                       Tufts
                       of
                       it
                       upon
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       and
                       by
                       taking
                       care
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       with
                       Bells
                       ,
                       they
                       spring
                       very
                       well
                       for
                       about
                       fifteen
                       days
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       perish
                       .
                    
                     
                       Muscats
                       are
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       which
                       when
                       they
                       attain
                       to
                       their
                       natural
                       goodness
                       ,
                       are
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       most
                       considerable
                       commodities
                       of
                       a
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       three
                       sorts
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       viz.
                       White
                       ,
                       Red
                       ,
                       and
                       Black
                       ,
                       the
                       White
                       is
                       commonly
                       the
                       best
                       of
                       the
                       three
                       ,
                       it
                       requires
                       temperate
                       Countries
                       like
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       Isle
                       of
                       France
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Expositions
                       of
                       the
                       South
                       and
                       East
                       ,
                       and
                       always
                       a
                       light
                       Ground
                       ,
                       we
                       seldom
                       see
                       any
                       good
                       ones
                       in
                       pure
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       if
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       hot
                       Climates
                       ,
                       or
                       Gravelly
                       ,
                       and
                       Sandy
                       Ground
                       ;
                       they
                       prosper
                       very
                       well
                       upon
                       Counter-Espaliers
                       ,
                       or
                       Pole
                       Hedge-Trees
                       ,
                       and
                       even
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Air.
                       Their
                       Goodness
                       consists
                       in
                       having
                       large
                       ,
                       yellow
                       ,
                       and
                       crackling
                       Berries
                       ,
                       and
                       growing
                       thin
                       in
                       their
                       Clusters
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       a
                       pretty
                       rich
                       musked
                       taste
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       not
                       too
                       strong
                       like
                       the
                       Spanish
                       ones
                       .
                       The
                       Province
                       of
                       Tourain
                       produces
                       admirable
                       ones
                       .
                       Their
                       Culture
                       is
                       exactly
                       the
                       same
                       with
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       Chassela's
                       Grapes
                       ,
                       both
                       as
                       to
                       their
                       Pruning
                       ,
                       and
                       manner
                       of
                       Propagation
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       
                         Long
                         Muscat
                      
                       ,
                       called
                       otherwise
                       the
                       Passe-Musquee
                       ,
                       is
                       another
                       sort
                       of
                       Grape
                       whose
                       Berry
                       is
                       bigger
                       and
                       more
                       longish
                       than
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       ordinary
                       Muscat
                       ,
                       and
                       its
                       clusters
                       are
                       also
                       longer
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       its
                       taste
                       is
                       nothing
                       near
                       so
                       rich
                       as
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       others
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       N.
                       
                    
                     
                       NAsturces
                       :
                       See
                       
                         Capucin
                         Capers
                      
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       O.
                       
                    
                     
                       ONions
                       are
                       red
                       or
                       white
                       ,
                       which
                       last
                       are
                       sweeter
                       and
                       more
                       prized
                       than
                       the
                       red
                       ones
                       .
                       There
                       's
                       no
                       Body
                       but
                       knows
                       how
                       many
                       uses
                       they
                       serve
                       for
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       commonly
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       and
                       beginning
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       in
                       Beds
                       of
                       good
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       raked
                       with
                       an
                       Iron
                       Rake
                       ,
                       to
                       cover
                       them
                       ,
                       as
                       is
                       done
                       to
                       other
                       small
                       Seeds
                       .
                       They
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       thin
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       may
                       have
                       room
                       to
                       grow
                       to
                       their
                       full
                       bigness
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       if
                       they
                       come
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       thinned
                       by
                       pulling
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       up
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       they
                       are
                       big
                       enough
                       for
                       that
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       towards
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       transplant
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       use
                       instead
                       of
                       Cibouls
                       .
                       Though
                       the
                       ordinary
                       Season
                       for
                       sowing
                       Onions
                       ,
                       be
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       yet
                       we
                       
                       maysow
                       some
                       in
                       September
                       ,
                       and
                       transplant
                       them
                       afterwards
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       full
                       grown
                       at
                       the
                       very
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       may
                       gather
                       ,
                       plucking
                       them
                       first
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Ground
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       that
                       time
                       comes
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       after
                       we
                       have
                       dried
                       them
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       days
                       in
                       the
                       hot
                       Sun
                       ,
                       lay
                       them
                       up
                       in
                       some
                       dry
                       place
                       ,
                       to
                       keep
                       all
                       the
                       year
                       in
                       case
                       of
                       need
                       .
                       We
                       must
                       not
                       forget
                       when
                       our
                       Onions
                       begin
                       to
                       appear
                       with
                       pretty
                       thick
                       Stems
                       above
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       begin
                       to
                       advance
                       towards
                       their
                       Maturity
                       ,
                       to
                       break
                       them
                       down
                       ,
                       either
                       by
                       treading
                       them
                       under
                       our
                       Feet
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       a
                       board
                       pretty
                       hard
                       pressed
                       down
                       upon
                       them
                       ,
                       because
                       by
                       that
                       means
                       the
                       nourishment
                       that
                       was
                       before
                       spent
                       in
                       their
                       stems
                       ,
                       being
                       hindered
                       from
                       mounting
                       upwards
                       ,
                       will
                       remain
                       and
                       settle
                       all
                       in
                       that
                       which
                       I
                       think
                       ,
                       is
                       but
                       improperly
                       called
                       their
                       head
                       ,
                       and
                       make
                       it
                       grow
                       so
                       much
                       the
                       bigger
                       .
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       told
                       you
                       elsewhere
                       ,
                       how
                       their
                       Seed
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       raised
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       P.
                       
                    
                     
                       PArsley
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       of
                       the
                       Curled
                       as
                       ordinary
                       sort
                       ,
                       is
                       of
                       great
                       use
                       in
                       Kitchens
                       all
                       the
                       year
                       long
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       for
                       its
                       Leaves
                       as
                       Roots
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       comprehended
                       under
                       the
                       Title
                       of
                       Verdures
                       or
                       green
                       Pot-herbs
                       .
                       We
                       ought
                       not
                       to
                       fail
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       to
                       sow
                       a
                       reasonable
                       quantity
                       of
                       it
                       in
                       every
                       Garden
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       pretty
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       good
                       ,
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       Ground
                       .
                       When
                       its
                       Leaves
                       are
                       cut
                       ,
                       it
                       shoots
                       out
                       new
                       ones
                       like
                       Sorrel
                       .
                       It
                       well
                       enough
                       resists
                       a
                       moderate
                       ,
                       but
                       not
                       a
                       violent
                       cold
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       't
                       is
                       best
                       to
                       bestow
                       some
                       covering
                       on
                       it
                       in
                       Winter
                       ,
                       to
                       defend
                       it
                       .
                       When
                       we
                       would
                       have
                       any
                       of
                       it
                       produce
                       large
                       Roots
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       thin
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       Beds
                       or
                       Borders
                       where
                       't
                       is
                       sown
                       .
                       It
                       requires
                       pretty
                       much
                       watering
                       in
                       very
                       hot
                       weather
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       that
                       pretend
                       to
                       have
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Parsly
                       bigger
                       than
                       ordinary
                       ,
                       but
                       for
                       my
                       part
                       I
                       know
                       no
                       such
                       kind
                       .
                       The
                       Curled
                       Parsly
                       appears
                       more
                       agreeable
                       to
                       the
                       Sight
                       ,
                       than
                       the
                       Common
                       sort
                       ,
                       but
                       is
                       never
                       a
                       whit
                       better
                       than
                       it
                       for
                       that
                       .
                       We
                       gather
                       our
                       Parsly
                       Seeds
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       August
                       and
                       September
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Macedonian
                         Parsley
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Alisanders
                       ,
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       our
                       Winter-Sallets
                       ,
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       whitened
                       like
                       
                         Wild
                         Endive
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Succory
                       ;
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       cut
                       down
                       all
                       its
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       cover
                       the
                       Bed
                       where
                       it
                       grows
                       ,
                       all
                       over
                       with
                       long
                       dry
                       Dung
                       ,
                       or
                       Straw
                       Screens
                       ,
                       so
                       close
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       Frost
                       may
                       not
                       come
                       at
                       it
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       ,
                       the
                       new
                       Leaves
                       that
                       spring
                       from
                       it
                       ,
                       grow
                       white
                       ,
                       yellowish
                       and
                       tender
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       ,
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       because
                       it
                       produces
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       large
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       gather
                       its
                       Seed
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       Summer
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       a
                       good
                       hardy
                       Plant
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       defends
                       its
                       self
                       very
                       well
                       from
                       the
                       Drought
                       ,
                       without
                       requiring
                       much
                       watering
                       .
                    
                     
                       Parsnips
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       Roots
                       well
                       known
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchens
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       them
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       Winter
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       or
                       Borders
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       always
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       good
                       and
                       well
                       prepared
                       Ground
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       they
                       come
                       up
                       too
                       thick
                       ,
                       they
                       must
                       be
                       thinned
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       May
                       comes
                       in
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       which
                       are
                       left
                       ,
                       may
                       be
                       the
                       better
                       nourisht
                       ,
                       and
                       grow
                       the
                       fairer
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       raising
                       which
                       ,
                       the
                       same
                       care
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       taken
                       as
                       we
                       have
                       directed
                       for
                       that
                       of
                       
                         Red
                         Beet-roots
                         ,
                         Carrots
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Passe
                         Musquee
                      
                       :
                       See
                       Muscats
                       .
                    
                     
                       Patience
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Sharp
                         Dock
                      
                       :
                       See
                       Dock
                       .
                    
                     
                       Peas
                       ,
                       or
                       Pease
                       may
                       be
                       placed
                       in
                       rank
                       of
                       Kitchen-plants
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       a
                       good
                       rustical
                       or
                       hardy
                       Plant
                       ,
                       which
                       commonly
                       is
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       open
                       Field
                       ,
                       without
                       needing
                       any
                       other
                       Culture
                       than
                       being
                       weeded
                       whilst
                       't
                       is
                       young
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       before
                       it
                       begins
                       to
                       codd
                       .
                       But
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       propt
                       ,
                       they
                       yield
                       more
                       than
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       not
                       .
                       They
                       require
                       pretty
                       good
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       little
                       Rain
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       tender
                       and
                       delicate
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       pretty
                       thin
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       several
                       sorts
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       
                         viz.
                         Hastings
                         ,
                         Green
                         ,
                         White
                      
                       and
                       
                         Square
                         ones
                      
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       called
                       large
                       codded
                       Peas
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       We
                       may
                       have
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       
                         May
                         ,
                         June
                         ,
                         July
                         ,
                         August
                         ,
                         September
                      
                       and
                       October
                       .
                       For
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       all
                       that
                       while
                       after
                       the
                       first
                       ,
                       we
                       have
                       no
                       more
                       to
                       do
                       ,
                       but
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       different
                       Months
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       fit
                       for
                       eating
                       three
                       Months
                       after
                       .
                       Those
                       sorts
                       we
                       are
                       most
                       choice
                       of
                       in
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       are
                       the
                       Hastings
                       both
                       White
                       and
                       Green
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       of
                       a
                       midling
                       Size
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       them
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       under
                       the
                       shelter
                       of
                       some
                       Eastern
                       or
                       Southern
                       Walls
                       ,
                       and
                       we
                       raise
                       Ridges
                       or
                       sloped
                       Banks
                       too
                       ,
                       sometimes
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       dispose
                       them
                       to
                       come
                       up
                       so
                       much
                       the
                       sooner
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       Sown
                       ,
                       we
                       make
                       them
                       Sprout
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       days
                       before
                       ,
                       by
                       laying
                       them
                       to
                       steep
                       two
                       days
                       in
                       Water
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       laying
                       them
                       in
                       a
                       place
                       where
                       the
                       cold
                       cannot
                       reach
                       them
                       ,
                       till
                       their
                       first
                       Root
                       begins
                       to
                       appear
                       .
                       Hard
                       weather
                       spoils
                       them
                       quite
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       reason
                       why
                       all
                       we
                       can
                       do
                       ,
                       will
                       not
                       procure
                       us
                       any
                       good
                       ones
                       till
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       May.
                       We
                       likewise
                       sow
                       some
                       upon
                       hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       transplant
                       them
                       by
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       some
                       well
                       exposed
                       Walls
                       ,
                       in
                       
                       case
                       those
                       sown
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       October
                       preceeding
                       ,
                       happen
                       to
                       have
                       been
                       spoiled
                       by
                       the
                       Frost
                       .
                       Our
                       last
                       time
                       of
                       Sowing
                       them
                       is
                       at
                       Midsummer
                       ,
                       to
                       have
                       them
                       fit
                       to
                       eat
                       about
                       All-hallow-tide
                       .
                    
                     
                       Pompions
                       and
                       Potirons
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Flat
                         Pompions
                      
                       :
                       See
                       Citrulls
                       .
                    
                     
                       Purslain
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       prettiest
                       Plants
                       in
                       a
                       Kitchen-gardens
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       principally
                       used
                       in
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       in
                       Pottages
                       .
                       There
                       are
                       two
                       sorts
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       viz.
                       The
                       Green
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       or
                       Golden
                       ;
                       this
                       latter
                       is
                       the
                       more
                       agreeable
                       of
                       the
                       two
                       to
                       the
                       Eye
                       ,
                       and
                       more
                       delicate
                       and
                       difficult
                       to
                       rear
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       in
                       hard
                       weather
                       we
                       have
                       much
                       ado
                       to
                       make
                       it
                       grow
                       even
                       upon
                       hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       and
                       under
                       Bells
                       ,
                       for
                       it
                       seldom
                       prospers
                       in
                       open
                       Beds
                       till
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       too
                       ,
                       the
                       Earth
                       must
                       be
                       very
                       good
                       ,
                       sweet
                       ,
                       and
                       very
                       loose
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       weather
                       very
                       fair
                       .
                       And
                       therefore
                       for
                       our
                       first
                       Purslain
                       which
                       we
                       are
                       not
                       to
                       begin
                       to
                       sow
                       upon
                       hot
                       Beds
                       till
                       towards
                       the
                       Middle
                       of
                       March
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       use
                       only
                       the
                       Green
                       sort
                       ,
                       because
                       the
                       Yellow
                       or
                       Golden
                       sort
                       dwindles
                       away
                       as
                       soon
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       come
                       up
                       ,
                       unless
                       the
                       Season
                       be
                       a
                       little
                       advanced
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Sun
                       a
                       little
                       hot
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       ,
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       April
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       commonly
                       sown
                       very
                       thick
                       ,
                       because
                       its
                       Seed
                       is
                       so
                       very
                       small
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       cannot
                       be
                       sown
                       thin
                       .
                       When
                       we
                       sow
                       it
                       upon
                       hot
                       Beds
                       ,
                       either
                       when
                       't
                       is
                       cold
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       by
                       consequence
                       Glass-bells
                       or
                       Frames
                       are
                       needfull
                       ,
                       or
                       in
                       milder
                       Weather
                       ,
                       we
                       only
                       press
                       down
                       the
                       Mold
                       about
                       it
                       with
                       our
                       hands
                       ,
                       or
                       with
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       a
                       Spade
                       ;
                       but
                       when
                       we
                       sow
                       it
                       in
                       open
                       Beds
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       well
                       prepared
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       we
                       rake
                       it
                       over
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       times
                       with
                       an
                       Iron
                       Rake
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       the
                       Seed
                       enter
                       into
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                    
                     
                       They
                       way
                       to
                       raise
                       Seed
                       from
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       to
                       transplant
                       some
                       Plants
                       of
                       it
                       that
                       are
                       big
                       enough
                       ,
                       into
                       Beds
                       well
                       prepared
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       eight
                       or
                       ten
                       inches
                       ones
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       :
                       The
                       Months
                       of
                       June
                       and
                       July
                       are
                       proper
                       for
                       that
                       effect
                       .
                       And
                       then
                       in
                       a
                       little
                       time
                       after
                       ,
                       they
                       are
                       run
                       up
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       done
                       flowring
                       ,
                       assoon
                       as
                       ever
                       we
                       perceive
                       any
                       of
                       their
                       Husks
                       to
                       open
                       ,
                       and
                       discover
                       some
                       black
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       cut
                       down
                       all
                       their
                       Stems
                       and
                       lay
                       them
                       some
                       days
                       in
                       the
                       Sun
                       till
                       all
                       the
                       Seed
                       be
                       quite
                       ripened
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       beat
                       them
                       out
                       and
                       winnow
                       them
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       We
                       must
                       be
                       carefull
                       to
                       transplant
                       each
                       sort
                       apart
                       by
                       it self
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       not
                       be
                       mistaken
                       in
                       the
                       Seed
                       when
                       we
                       are
                       to
                       sow
                       it
                       .
                       The
                       Stick
                       Stalks
                       of
                       Purslain
                       that
                       is
                       run
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       are
                       good
                       to
                       pickle
                       in
                       Salt
                       and
                       Vinegar
                       ,
                       for
                       Winter
                       Sallets
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       R
                    
                     
                       RAdishes
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       qualified
                       with
                       all
                       the
                       goodness
                       they
                       should
                       have
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       tender
                       ,
                       and
                       snap
                       easily
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       sweet
                       ,
                       are
                       in
                       my
                       Opinion
                       ,
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       Plants
                       that
                       give
                       the
                       most
                       pleasure
                       of
                       any
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchin-gardens
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       give
                       it
                       as
                       often
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       as
                       long
                       a
                       time
                       as
                       any
                       of
                       them
                       all
                       ;
                       and
                       I
                       look
                       upon
                       them
                       as
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Manna
                       in
                       our
                       Gardens
                       .
                       There
                       seems
                       to
                       be
                       no
                       great
                       pains
                       required
                       to
                       make
                       them
                       grow
                       ,
                       it
                       being
                       indeed
                       only
                       necessary
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       in
                       well
                       prepared
                       loose
                       and
                       mellow
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       soundly
                       in
                       drie
                       Weather
                       ,
                       and
                       with
                       this
                       culture
                       they
                       will
                       attain
                       to
                       all
                       the
                       perfection
                       they
                       are
                       capable
                       of
                       .
                       But
                       the
                       main
                       points
                       here
                       in
                       Question
                       ,
                       are
                       first
                       ,
                       to
                       be
                       always
                       provided
                       with
                       Seed
                       of
                       a
                       good
                       kind
                       ;
                       and
                       secondly
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       Radishes
                       without
                       discontinuation
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       till
                       the
                       coming
                       in
                       of
                       the
                       Frosts
                       in
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       November
                       .
                       As
                       for
                       Seed
                       of
                       a
                       good
                       kind
                       ,
                       know
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       it
                       that
                       produces
                       few
                       Leaves
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       long
                       red
                       Root
                       ,
                       for
                       there
                       are
                       some
                       that
                       produce
                       a
                       great
                       many
                       leaves
                       and
                       little
                       Root
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       we
                       are
                       once
                       provided
                       with
                       Seed
                       of
                       a
                       good
                       kind
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       be
                       extreme
                       carefull
                       to
                       propagate
                       it
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       never
                       be
                       without
                       a
                       stock
                       of
                       it
                       ;
                       for
                       which
                       effect
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       April
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       choose
                       out
                       among
                       those
                       Radishes
                       that
                       are
                       come
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       years
                       Seed
                       ,
                       such
                       ,
                       as
                       I
                       have
                       said
                       ,
                       which
                       have
                       the
                       fewest
                       Leaves
                       and
                       the
                       most
                       Root
                       ,
                       and
                       reddest
                       Necks
                       ,
                       and
                       transplant
                       them
                       quite
                       whole
                       in
                       some
                       well
                       prepared
                       spot
                       of
                       Ground
                       ,
                       a
                       foot
                       and
                       a
                       half
                       a
                       sunder
                       :
                       Being
                       so
                       transplanted
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       run
                       up
                       ,
                       flower
                       and
                       yield
                       Seed
                       ripe
                       enough
                       to
                       gather
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       ;
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       cut
                       down
                       their
                       stems
                       ;
                       and
                       after
                       they
                       have
                       been
                       dried
                       some
                       days
                       in
                       the
                       Sun
                       ,
                       we
                       beat
                       out
                       the
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       winnow
                       it
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Those
                       stocks
                       of
                       them
                       that
                       run
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       ,
                       shoot
                       up
                       their
                       Branches
                       to
                       such
                       a
                       height
                       ,
                       and
                       perpetuate
                       their
                       flowers
                       so
                       far
                       as
                       if
                       they
                       knew
                       not
                       where
                       to
                       stop
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       it
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       pinch
                       off
                       these
                       Branches
                       to
                       a
                       reasonable
                       length
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       first
                       Podds
                       may
                       be
                       the
                       better
                       nourished
                       .
                    
                     
                       But
                       't
                       is
                       not
                       enough
                       to
                       raise
                       good
                       Seed
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       likewise
                       take
                       order
                       to
                       be
                       supplied
                       with
                       good
                       Radishes
                       for
                       eight
                       or
                       nine
                       Months
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       .
                       The
                       first
                       that
                       are
                       eaten
                       grow
                       on
                       Hot-beds
                       ,
                       the
                       manner
                       of
                       raising
                       which
                       ,
                       I
                       have
                       explained
                       in
                       the
                       Works
                       of
                       November
                       ;
                       and
                       by
                       the
                       means
                       of
                       those
                       
                         Hot
                         Beds
                      
                       ,
                       we
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       during
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       
                         February
                         
                         March
                      
                       and
                       April
                       ;
                       otherwise
                       we
                       have
                       none
                       ;
                       and
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       have
                       some
                       all
                       the
                       other
                       Months
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       sow
                       some
                       among
                       all
                       manner
                       of
                       Seeds
                       ,
                       they
                       coming
                       up
                       so
                       very
                       quickly
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       have
                       time
                       to
                       gather
                       off
                       our
                       Radishes
                       before
                       they
                       can
                       do
                       any
                       harm
                       to
                       the
                       other
                       Plants
                       .
                       Radishes
                       are
                       extreamly
                       apprehensive
                       of
                       the
                       excessive
                       heat
                       in
                       Summer
                       ,
                       which
                       makes
                       them
                       grow
                       strong
                       as
                       they
                       term
                       it
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       too
                       biting
                       ,
                       stringy
                       ,
                       and
                       sometimes
                       very
                       hard
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       in
                       that
                       Season
                       we
                       would
                       affect
                       to
                       sow
                       them
                       in
                       very
                       loose
                       Mellow
                       Ground
                       ,
                       where
                       the
                       Sun
                       shines
                       but
                       little
                       ;
                       and
                       the
                       best
                       way
                       should
                       be
                       ,
                       to
                       make
                       up
                       along
                       by
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       some
                       Northern
                       Walls
                       ,
                       a
                       Bed
                       or
                       two
                       for
                       that
                       purpose
                       ,
                       filled
                       with
                       mold
                       to
                       the
                       depth
                       of
                       a
                       large
                       foot
                       and
                       an
                       half
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       sow
                       our
                       Radishes
                       there
                       ,
                       and
                       water
                       them
                       well
                       .
                       In
                       Spring
                       and
                       Autumn
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Sun
                       is
                       not
                       so
                       
                         Hot
                         ,
                         Radishes
                      
                       take
                       well
                       enough
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       wide
                       unsheltered
                       Air.
                       
                    
                     
                       Rass-berries
                       ,
                       or
                       Rasp-berries
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       White
                       as
                       Red
                       ,
                       begin
                       to
                       Ripen
                       at
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       July
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       March
                       ,
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       borders
                       observing
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       two
                       foot
                       between
                       Plant
                       and
                       Plant.
                       They
                       shoot
                       out
                       during
                       the
                       Summer
                       many
                       well
                       Rooted
                       Suckers
                       ,
                       some
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       take
                       away
                       to
                       make
                       new
                       plantations
                       with
                       ,
                       by
                       which
                       means
                       the
                       old
                       ones
                       are
                       likewise
                       renewed
                       for
                       they
                       drie
                       assoon
                       as
                       their
                       Fruit
                       is
                       gathered
                       .
                       The
                       only
                       culture
                       used
                       to
                       them
                       is
                       ,
                       first
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March
                       to
                       shorten
                       all
                       their
                       new
                       shoots
                       which
                       we
                       preserve
                       round
                       about
                       the
                       old
                       stock
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       ought
                       to
                       be
                       only
                       the
                       thickest
                       and
                       handsomest
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       second
                       place
                       ,
                       to
                       pluck
                       away
                       all
                       the
                       small
                       ones
                       ,
                       as
                       likewise
                       the
                       old
                       ones
                       that
                       are
                       dead
                       .
                    
                     
                       Reponces
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       small
                       sweet
                       Radishes
                       which
                       grow
                       wild
                       in
                       the
                       Country
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       in
                       the
                       Corn
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       eatch
                       in
                       Sallets
                       in
                       the
                       spring
                       time
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       multiplied
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rocamboles
                       :
                       See
                       Shallots
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rocket
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       as
                       most
                       of
                       the
                       others
                       are
                       .
                       It
                       s
                       Leaf
                       is
                       pretty
                       like
                       that
                       of
                       Radishes
                       ,
                       and
                       its
                       Seed
                       is
                       very
                       small
                       ,
                       and
                       almost
                       like
                       Purslain
                       Seed
                       ,
                       but
                       it
                       is
                       of
                       a
                       Reddish
                       ,
                       or
                       rather
                       darkish
                       
                         Cinnamon
                         Colour
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rosemary
                       is
                       another
                       sort
                       of
                       Odoriferous
                       Plant
                       which
                       is
                       principally
                       used
                       for
                       the
                       perfuming
                       of
                       Chambers
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       decoctions
                       for
                       washing
                       the
                       Feet
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       multiplied
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       Rue
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       border
                       Plants
                       ,
                       and
                       lasts
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       years
                       in
                       its
                       place
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rue
                       is
                       a
                       Plant
                       of
                       very
                       strong
                       smell
                       ,
                       of
                       which
                       we
                       plant
                       some
                       borders
                       in
                       our
                       Gardens
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       propagated
                       both
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       Rooted
                       slips
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       hardly
                       of
                       any
                       use
                       but
                       against
                       the
                       vapours
                       of
                       the
                       Mother
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       S.
                       
                    
                     
                       SAge
                       is
                       a
                       border
                       Plant
                       ,
                       whose
                       culture
                       has
                       nothing
                       of
                       particular
                       ,
                       but
                       is
                       like
                       that
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       border
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       as
                       
                         Rosemary
                         ,
                         Lavender
                         ,
                         Worm-wood
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       There
                       is
                       a
                       sort
                       that
                       is
                       parti-Coloured
                       ,
                       which
                       to
                       some
                       people
                       appears
                       more
                       agreeable
                       than
                       the
                       common
                       Sage
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       of
                       palish
                       Green
                       Colour
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Spanish
                         Salsifie
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Sassifie
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       Scorzonere
                       ,
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       chiefest
                       Roots
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       multiplied
                       by
                       Seed
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       others
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       admirable
                       good
                       boiled
                       both
                       for
                       the
                       pleasure
                       of
                       the
                       taste
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       health
                       of
                       the
                       Body
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       which
                       is
                       sown
                       in
                       March.
                       We
                       must
                       be
                       careful
                       to
                       sow
                       it
                       pretty
                       thin
                       ,
                       whether
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       borders
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       at
                       least
                       to
                       thin
                       it
                       afterward
                       ,
                       that
                       its
                       Roots
                       may
                       grow
                       the
                       bigger
                       .
                       Scorzonere
                       runs
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       June
                       and
                       July
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       gathered
                       assoon
                       as
                       't
                       is
                       Ripe
                       .
                    
                     
                       Common
                       Salsifie
                       is
                       another
                       sort
                       of
                       Root
                       cultivated
                       after
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       the
                       preceeding
                       one
                       ,
                       but
                       is
                       not
                       altogether
                       so
                       very
                       excellent
                       .
                       They
                       easily
                       pass
                       the
                       Winter
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       water
                       both
                       sorts
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       very
                       dry
                       weather
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       keep
                       them
                       well
                       weeded
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       ,
                       to
                       put
                       them
                       into
                       good
                       Earth
                       well
                       prepared
                       ,
                       of
                       at
                       least
                       two
                       full
                       foot
                       deep
                       .
                    
                     
                       Samphire
                       called
                       in
                       
                         French
                         ,
                         Pierce
                         Pierre
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       Passe-Pierre
                       ,
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       that
                       is
                       multiplied
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       being
                       by
                       nature
                       very
                       delicate
                       requires
                       to
                       be
                       planted
                       by
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       Walls
                       exposed
                       to
                       the
                       South
                       or
                       East
                       ,
                       the
                       open
                       Air
                       ,
                       and
                       great
                       Cold
                       being
                       pernicious
                       to
                       it
                       .
                       We
                       usually
                       sow
                       it
                       in
                       some
                       Pot
                       or
                       Tub
                       filled
                       with
                       mold
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       on
                       some
                       side-Bank
                       towards
                       the
                       South
                       or
                       East
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       March
                       or
                       April
                       ,
                       and
                       afterwards
                       transplant
                       it
                       in
                       those
                       places
                       above-mentioned
                       .
                    
                     
                       Savory
                       is
                       an
                       annual
                       Plant
                       a
                       little
                       Odoriferous
                       ,
                       which
                       grows
                       only
                       from
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       whose
                       Leaves
                       are
                       used
                       to
                       some
                       Ragou's
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       among
                       
                         Peas
                         ,
                         Beans
                      
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       borders
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       Scorzonere
                       ,
                       or
                       Scorzonera
                       :
                       See
                       
                         Spanish
                         Salsifie
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Shallots
                       ,
                       otherwise
                       Rocamboles
                       ,
                       or
                       
                         Spanish
                         Garlick
                      
                       ,
                       require
                       no
                       other
                       culture
                       than
                       common
                       Garlick
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       particularly
                       remarkable
                       for
                       that
                       their
                       Seeds
                       are
                       as
                       good
                       to
                       eat
                       as
                       their
                       Cloves
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       is
                       large
                       and
                       serves
                       to
                       propagate
                       them
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       Cloves
                       or
                       Kernels
                       that
                       compose
                       their
                       Root
                       .
                    
                     
                       Skirrets
                       are
                       a
                       sort
                       of
                       Roots
                       propagated
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       cultivated
                       like
                       other
                       Roots
                       ,
                       as
                       is
                       directed
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       March.
                       
                    
                     
                       Spinage
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       those
                       Kitchen
                       Plants
                       that
                       requires
                       the
                       best
                       Ground
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       most
                       amended
                       and
                       improved
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       multiplied
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       .
                       We
                       sow
                       them
                       either
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       in
                       furrows
                       or
                       strait
                       rows
                       upon
                       well
                       prepared
                       Beds
                       and
                       this
                       we
                       do
                       several
                       times
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       ,
                       beginning
                       about
                       the
                       sixteenth
                       of
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       finishing
                       a
                       Month
                       after
                       ;
                       the
                       first
                       are
                       fit
                       to
                       cut
                       towards
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       October
                       ,
                       the
                       second
                       in
                       Lent
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       last
                       in
                       Rogation
                       time
                       ;
                       Those
                       which
                       remain
                       after
                       Winter
                       ,
                       run
                       up
                       to
                       Seed
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       which
                       we
                       gather
                       about
                       the
                       middle
                       of
                       June
                       .
                       When
                       they
                       are
                       once
                       cut
                       they
                       spring
                       up
                       no
                       more
                       ,
                       as
                       Sorrel
                       do's
                       .
                       All
                       their
                       culture
                       consists
                       in
                       keeping
                       them
                       very
                       clear
                       from
                       Weeds
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       the
                       Autumn
                       prove
                       extraordinary
                       dry
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       amiss
                       to
                       water
                       them
                       sometimes
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       never
                       transplanted
                       no
                       more
                       than
                       
                         Chervil
                         ,
                         Cresses
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Sorrel
                       in
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       terms
                       ,
                       is
                       placed
                       under
                       the
                       title
                       of
                       Verdures
                       ,
                       or
                       Green
                       Pot
                       Herbs
                       ,
                       and
                       accordingly
                       is
                       much
                       used
                       in
                       the
                       Pot.
                       There
                       are
                       some
                       sorts
                       of
                       it
                       that
                       produce
                       a
                       larger
                       Leaf
                       than
                       others
                       ,
                       which
                       are
                       called
                       Sorrel
                       of
                       the
                       greater
                       sort
                       .
                       All
                       the
                       sorts
                       may
                       be
                       sown
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       
                         March
                         ,
                         April
                         ,
                         May
                         ,
                         June
                         ,
                         July
                      
                       and
                       August
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       September
                       too
                       ,
                       provided
                       they
                       be
                       allowed
                       sufficient
                       time
                       to
                       grow
                       big
                       enough
                       to
                       resist
                       the
                       rigour
                       of
                       the
                       Winter
                       ,
                       we
                       sow
                       Sorrel
                       either
                       in
                       open
                       Ground
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       in
                       strait
                       rows
                       ,
                       or
                       furrows
                       ,
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       borders
                       ,
                       in
                       all
                       which
                       cases
                       ,
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       sown
                       very
                       thick
                       ,
                       because
                       many
                       of
                       its
                       Plants
                       perish
                       .
                       It
                       requires
                       a
                       ground
                       that
                       is
                       naturally
                       good
                       ,
                       or
                       else
                       well
                       improved
                       with
                       Muck.
                       Its
                       culture
                       consists
                       in
                       being
                       kept
                       very
                       clear
                       of
                       Weeds
                       ,
                       in
                       being
                       well
                       watered
                       ,
                       and
                       being
                       covered
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       mold
                       once
                       or
                       twice
                       a
                       year
                       ,
                       after
                       't
                       is
                       first
                       cut
                       down
                       very
                       close
                       to
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                       That
                       mold
                       serves
                       to
                       give
                       it
                       new
                       vigour
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Season
                       most
                       proper
                       for
                       applying
                       it
                       ,
                       is
                       in
                       the
                       hot
                       Months
                       of
                       the
                       year
                       .
                       Sorrel
                       is
                       most
                       commonly
                       multiplied
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       though
                       sometimes
                       we
                       transplant
                       some
                       of
                       it
                       that
                       thrives
                       very
                       well
                       .
                       We
                       gather
                       its
                       Seed
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       July
                       and
                       August
                       .
                       There
                       is
                       a
                       particular
                       sort
                       of
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       called
                       Round
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       its
                       Leaves
                       being
                       indeed
                       Round
                       ,
                       whereas
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       sorts
                       are
                       very
                       sharp
                       and
                       pointed
                       .
                       The
                       tender
                       Leaves
                       of
                       this
                       sort
                       are
                       sometimes
                       mixed
                       with
                       Sallet
                       Furnitures
                       .
                       But
                       it
                       is
                       ordinarily
                       used
                       most
                       in
                       Bouillons
                       ,
                       or
                       thin
                       Broths
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       multiplied
                       by
                       running
                       Branches
                       ,
                       that
                       take
                       Root
                       in
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       run
                       over
                       it
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       taken
                       off
                       ,
                       and
                       transplanted
                       ,
                       produce
                       thick
                       Tufts
                       which
                       also
                       produce
                       other
                       runners
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       in
                       infinitum
                       .
                    
                     
                       Sharp
                       Dock
                       ,
                       or
                       Dock-Sorrel
                       :
                       See
                       Dock
                       .
                    
                     
                       Wood
                       Sorrel
                       ,
                       or
                       Alleluia
                       :
                       See
                       Alleluia
                       .
                    
                     
                       Straw-berries
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       White
                       as
                       the
                       Red
                       ,
                       multiply
                       and
                       perpetuate
                       themselves
                       by
                       running
                       Suckers
                       that
                       springing
                       out
                       of
                       their
                       old
                       stocks
                       ,
                       take
                       Root
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       observed
                       ,
                       that
                       a
                       new
                       plantation
                       of
                       them
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Woods
                       ,
                       turns
                       to
                       better
                       account
                       when
                       transplanted
                       ,
                       than
                       one
                       slipt
                       of
                       from
                       the
                       
                         Garden
                         Straw-berries
                      
                       .
                       We
                       plant
                       them
                       either
                       in
                       Beds
                       or
                       borders
                       ,
                       both
                       which
                       must
                       be
                       well
                       prepared
                       ,
                       amended
                       and
                       laboured
                       or
                       stirred
                       up
                       in
                       one
                       manner
                       or
                       other
                       .
                       If
                       it
                       be
                       in
                       dry
                       and
                       sandy
                       Ground
                       ,
                       both
                       the
                       Beds
                       and
                       borders
                       must
                       be
                       sunk
                       a
                       little
                       lower
                       than
                       the
                       Allies
                       or
                       path-ways
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       retain
                       both
                       the
                       rain
                       that
                       falls
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       water
                       we
                       bestow
                       on
                       them
                       ;
                       a
                       quite
                       contrary
                       course
                       must
                       be
                       taken
                       ,
                       if
                       we
                       plant
                       them
                       in
                       strong
                       ,
                       heavy
                       ,
                       and
                       fat
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       is
                       almost
                       all
                       pure
                       Clay
                       ,
                       because
                       excessive
                       moisture
                       rots
                       the
                       Plants
                       .
                       We
                       place
                       them
                       usually
                       nine
                       or
                       ten
                       Inches
                       asunder
                       ,
                       putting
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       little
                       Plants
                       into
                       each
                       hole
                       which
                       we
                       make
                       with
                       a
                       planting
                       stick
                       .
                       The
                       best
                       time
                       to
                       plant
                       them
                       in
                       is
                       during
                       the
                       whole
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       beginning
                       of
                       June
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       great
                       heat
                       comes
                       in
                       .
                       And
                       we
                       may
                       plant
                       them
                       all
                       Summer
                       long
                       in
                       rainy
                       Seasons
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       particularly
                       requisite
                       to
                       plant
                       Nurseries
                       of
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       and
                       that
                       in
                       some
                       place
                       near
                       the
                       North
                       Quarter
                       ,
                       the
                       better
                       to
                       shelter
                       them
                       from
                       the
                       violent
                       heat
                       of
                       the
                       Summer
                       Sun
                       ,
                       and
                       then
                       we
                       plant
                       them
                       but
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Inches
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       grown
                       big
                       enough
                       there
                       ,
                       we
                       transplant
                       them
                       afterwards
                       in
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       September
                       in
                       order
                       to
                       make
                       Beds
                       or
                       squares
                       of
                       them
                       ,
                       according
                       as
                       we
                       find
                       occasion
                       to
                       have
                       a
                       greater
                       or
                       less
                       abundance
                       of
                       them
                       .
                       Their
                       culture
                       consists
                       chiefly
                       ,
                       first
                       ,
                       in
                       watering
                       them
                       well
                       in
                       dry
                       Seasons
                       ;
                       secondly
                       in
                       leaving
                       ,
                       but
                       a
                       moderate
                       number
                       of
                       stems
                       or
                       upright
                       shoots
                       to
                       every
                       stock
                       ,
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       of
                       the
                       most
                       vigourous
                       being
                       enough
                       ;
                       in
                       the
                       third
                       place
                       ,
                       in
                       leaving
                       but
                       three
                       or
                       four
                       Straw-berries
                       of
                       
                       them
                       that
                       appeared
                       first
                       ,
                       and
                       nearest
                       the
                       stock
                       ,
                       on
                       every
                       stem
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       we
                       must
                       pinch
                       of
                       all
                       their
                       other
                       Blossoms
                       that
                       almost
                       endlessly
                       grow
                       out
                       at
                       the
                       ends
                       of
                       those
                       that
                       have
                       already
                       Blossomed
                       ,
                       or
                       are
                       still
                       in
                       Blossom
                       ,
                       because
                       none
                       but
                       the
                       first
                       produce
                       any
                       fair
                       Straw-berries
                       ,
                       hardly
                       any
                       of
                       the
                       last
                       being
                       ever
                       known
                       to
                       knit
                       or
                       come
                       to
                       any
                       perfection
                       ,
                       but
                       when
                       we
                       are
                       careful
                       to
                       pinch
                       them
                       off
                       judicially
                       we
                       may
                       be
                       assured
                       always
                       to
                       have
                       good
                       Straw-berries
                       .
                       I
                       have
                       already
                       given
                       directions
                       in
                       the
                       works
                       of
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       February
                       ,
                       how
                       to
                       raise
                       
                         Hasting
                         Straw-berries
                      
                       .
                       Curious
                       Persons
                       have
                       usually
                       two
                       Straw-barries
                       of
                       two
                       several
                       Colours
                       ,
                       viz.
                       Red
                       and
                       White
                       ,
                       but
                       they
                       place
                       them
                       in
                       separate
                       Beds
                       .
                       The
                       great
                       Enemies
                       of
                       Straw-berry
                       Plantations
                       are
                       the
                       Ton's
                       which
                       are
                       great
                       White
                       Worms
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       the
                       Months
                       of
                       May
                       and
                       June
                       ,
                       gnaw
                       the
                       necks
                       of
                       their
                       Roots
                       between
                       two
                       Earths
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       kill
                       them
                       ;
                       to
                       prevent
                       which
                       ,
                       in
                       those
                       Months
                       we
                       should
                       carefully
                       search
                       every
                       day
                       ,
                       under
                       the
                       Roots
                       of
                       all
                       our
                       Straw-berries
                       that
                       begin
                       to
                       wither
                       ,
                       where
                       we
                       shall
                       commonly
                       find
                       one
                       of
                       these
                       great
                       Worms
                       which
                       after
                       they
                       have
                       done
                       a
                       mischief
                       to
                       one
                       ,
                       pass
                       on
                       to
                       do
                       the
                       same
                       to
                       other
                       Straw-berry
                       Plants
                       ,
                       and
                       kill
                       them
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       .
                       Straw-berry
                       Plants
                       bear
                       very
                       well
                       the
                       year
                       after
                       their
                       planting
                       ,
                       if
                       planted
                       in
                       May
                       ;
                       but
                       yield
                       very
                       indifferently
                       ,
                       if
                       not
                       planted
                       till
                       September
                       ,
                       after
                       they
                       are
                       taken
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Woods
                       ;
                       yet
                       in
                       the
                       second
                       year
                       they
                       bear
                       wonderfully
                       ,
                       but
                       that
                       being
                       past
                       ,
                       they
                       produce
                       but
                       very
                       pitifully
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       't
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       renew
                       them
                       every
                       two
                       years
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       likewise
                       convenient
                       to
                       cut
                       off
                       every
                       year
                       their
                       old
                       tops
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       Straw-berries
                       are
                       gone
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       commonly
                       at
                       the
                       latter
                       end
                       of
                       July
                       .
                       The
                       earliest
                       Straw-berries
                       that
                       ripen
                       towards
                       the
                       end
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       are
                       those
                       that
                       were
                       planted
                       by
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       Southern
                       or
                       Eastern
                       Walls
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       that
                       ripen
                       last
                       ,
                       are
                       such
                       as
                       are
                       planted
                       in
                       a
                       
                         Northern
                         Exposition
                      
                       .
                    
                     
                       Succory
                       :
                       See
                       Endive
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Sweet
                         Herbs
                         :
                         See
                         Aromaticks
                      
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       T.
                       
                    
                     
                       TArragon
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       the
                       perfuming
                       or
                       Spicy
                       Furnitures
                       of
                       our
                       Sallets
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       propagated
                       both
                       by
                       rooted
                       slips
                       and
                       Seed
                       .
                       It
                       springs
                       again
                       several
                       times
                       after
                       't
                       is
                       cut
                       ;
                       it
                       endures
                       the
                       Winter
                       ,
                       and
                       needs
                       little
                       watering
                       in
                       the
                       driest
                       weather
                       in
                       Summer
                       ,
                       when
                       we
                       plant
                       it
                       ,
                       we
                       must
                       allow
                       eight
                       or
                       nine
                       inches
                       distance
                       between
                       Plant
                       and
                       Plant
                       in
                       the
                       Beds
                       we
                       set
                       with
                       it
                       .
                       The
                       best
                       time
                       to
                       plant
                       in
                       ,
                       is
                       in
                       March
                       and
                       April
                       ,
                       which
                       hinders
                       not
                       ,
                       but
                       that
                       we
                       may
                       transplant
                       it
                       again
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       Season
                       .
                    
                     
                       Time
                       is
                       another
                       odoriferous
                       Border-plant
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       multiplied
                       as
                       well
                       by
                       Seed
                       as
                       rooted
                       Branches
                       or
                       Slips
                       .
                       A
                       Border
                       of
                       Time
                       is
                       a
                       considerable
                       and
                       necessary
                       Ornament
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       .
                    
                     
                       Tripe-Madam
                       is
                       one
                       of
                       our
                       Sallet-Furnitures
                       ;
                       it
                       is
                       used
                       chiefly
                       in
                       the
                       Spring
                       when
                       it
                       is
                       tender
                       ,
                       but
                       a
                       little
                       of
                       it
                       ought
                       to
                       serve
                       in
                       the
                       Summer
                       ,
                       because
                       then
                       it
                       is
                       too
                       tough
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       multiplyed
                       both
                       by
                       Seeds
                       and
                       Cuttings
                       .
                    
                     
                       Turneps
                       or
                       Turnips
                       are
                       not
                       properly
                       Kitchen-Garden
                       Plants
                       ,
                       but
                       yet
                       where
                       they
                       are
                       spacious
                       ,
                       they
                       may
                       be
                       admitted
                       into
                       them
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       propagated
                       only
                       by
                       Seed
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       sown
                       very
                       thick
                       in
                       Beds
                       ,
                       some
                       in
                       March
                       ,
                       and
                       others
                       in
                       August
                       .
                       We
                       gather
                       their
                       Seed
                       in
                       July
                       and
                       August
                       ,
                       every
                       Body
                       so
                       well
                       knows
                       their
                       use
                       ,
                       that
                       I
                       need
                       speak
                       no
                       more
                       of
                       them
                       here
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       V.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Verjuice
                         Grapes
                      
                       :
                       See
                       Bourdelais
                       .
                    
                     
                       Vines
                       :
                       See
                       the
                       several
                       heads
                       of
                       
                         Bourdelais
                         ,
                         Muscats
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                    
                     
                       Violets
                       ,
                       and
                       especially
                       the
                       double
                       ones
                       serve
                       to
                       make
                       pretty
                       Borders
                       in
                       our
                       Kitchen-Gardens
                       .
                       Their
                       flowers
                       make
                       a
                       very
                       agreeable
                       Figure
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       artfully
                       placed
                       on
                       the
                       Superficies
                       of
                       Spring-Sallets
                       .
                       Every
                       Body
                       knows
                       ,
                       that
                       they
                       are
                       propagated
                       by
                       Tufts
                       ,
                       that
                       is
                       ,
                       by
                       dividing
                       one
                       great
                       Tuft
                       into
                       several
                       little
                       ones
                       ,
                       which
                       likewise
                       in
                       time
                       grows
                       thick
                       ,
                       and
                       fit
                       to
                       be
                       divided
                       into
                       other
                       little
                       ones
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       W.
                       
                    
                     
                       WOrmwood
                       .
                       The
                       plants
                       of
                       this
                       and
                       all
                       other
                       Plants
                       placed
                       in
                       Borders
                       of
                       Edgings
                       ,
                       and
                       therefore
                       called
                       Border-plants
                       ,
                       as
                       of
                       
                         Time
                         ,
                         Lavender
                         ,
                         Hyssop
                      
                       ,
                       &c.
                       are
                       planted
                       by
                       a
                       Line
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       the
                       distance
                       of
                       two
                       or
                       three
                       Inches
                       one
                       from
                       the
                       other
                       ,
                       and
                       five
                       or
                       six
                       inches
                       deep
                       in
                       the
                       Ground
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       good
                       to
                       clip
                       them
                       every
                       Spring
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       renew
                       them
                       every
                       two
                       years
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       take
                       away
                       their
                       oldest
                       and
                       decayed
                       stocks
                       .
                       Their
                       Seed
                       is
                       gathered
                       about
                       the
                       Month
                       of
                       August
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Shewing
                     how
                     long
                     every
                     
                       Kitchen
                       Plant
                    
                     may
                     profitably
                     stand
                     in
                     its
                     place
                     in
                     a
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     ;
                     which
                     of
                     them
                     must
                     be
                     housed
                     in
                     the
                     Conservatory
                     to
                     supply
                     us
                     in
                     the
                     Winter
                     ,
                     and
                     which
                     are
                     they
                     which
                     we
                     may
                     force
                     to
                     grow
                     by
                     Art
                     ,
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     the
                     Frost
                     .
                     And
                     lastly
                     ,
                     how
                     long
                     each
                     sort
                     of
                     Seed
                     will
                     last
                     without
                     losing
                     its
                     Virtue
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   IT
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   important
                   point
                   in
                   Gard'ning
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                   how
                   long
                   every
                   plant
                   may
                   usefully
                   possess
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   it
                   grows
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   the
                   forecast
                   of
                   an
                   able
                   Gard'ner
                   ,
                   may
                   prepare
                   others
                   immediately
                   to
                   substitute
                   in
                   the
                   places
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   being
                   as
                   't
                   were
                   ,
                   but
                   Passengers
                   ,
                   take
                   up
                   their
                   places
                   but
                   a
                   few
                   Months
                   ;
                   for
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   there
                   remains
                   no
                   unprofitable
                   spot
                   of
                   Ground
                   in
                   our
                   Gardens
                   ,
                   but
                   we
                   seem
                   besides
                   to
                   reap
                   a
                   sensible
                   pleasure
                   by
                   enjoying
                   in
                   some
                   Sense
                   beforehand
                   some
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   yet
                   in
                   Nature
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   treat
                   of
                   this
                   matter
                   well
                   ,
                   I
                   think
                   it
                   very
                   pertinent
                   to
                   speak
                   first
                   of
                   those
                   Plants
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   long
                   duration
                   ,
                   whether
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   the
                   time
                   they
                   take
                   up
                   in
                   attaining
                   to
                   their
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   that
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   continue
                   bearing
                   .
                   All
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Grapes
                     ,
                     Capers
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   doubtless
                   ,
                   hold
                   the
                   first
                   Rank
                   in
                   this
                   number
                   ,
                   for
                   Vine
                   and
                   
                     Caper
                     plants
                  
                   last
                   five
                   and
                   twenty
                   or
                   thirty
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   to
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   reckoning
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   we
                   first
                   sow
                   or
                   transplant
                   them
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   hardly
                   ever
                   to
                   begin
                   to
                   gather
                   them
                   till
                   their
                   shoots
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   competent
                   thickness
                   ,
                   which
                   happens
                   not
                   till
                   the
                   third
                   or
                   fourth
                   year
                   after
                   ,
                   but
                   after
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   placed
                   in
                   good
                   Ground
                   and
                   carefully
                   cultivated
                   ,
                   they
                   may
                   very
                   well
                   be
                   suffred
                   to
                   stand
                   ten
                   or
                   twelve
                   years
                   ,
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   fail
                   to
                   shoot
                   up
                   and
                   bear
                   vigorously
                   and
                   plentifully
                   during
                   all
                   that
                   time
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   if
                   we
                   perceive
                   any
                   decay
                   in
                   them
                   sooner
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   destroy
                   and
                   break
                   them
                   up
                   sooner
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   we
                   find
                   them
                   continue
                   to
                   produce
                   well
                   longer
                   than
                   we
                   have
                   limited
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   continue
                   them
                   longer
                   in
                   their
                   places
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Rasberry
                     ,
                     Curran
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Gooseberry
                   shrubs
                   ,
                   easily
                   last
                   eight
                   or
                   ten
                   years
                   .
                
                 
                   Artichokes
                   must
                   be
                   renewed
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   new
                   planted
                   in
                   a
                   fresh
                   place
                   after
                   the
                   third
                   year
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Borders
                   of
                   
                     Wormwood
                     ,
                     Hyssop
                     ,
                     Lavender
                     ,
                     Marjoram
                     ,
                     Rue
                     ,
                     Rosemary
                     ,
                     Sage
                     ,
                     Time
                     ,
                     Violets
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   provided
                   they
                   be
                   not
                   endamaged
                   by
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   hard
                   Winter
                   ,
                   may
                   subsist
                   in
                   their
                   places
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   years
                   ,
                   if
                   care
                   be
                   taken
                   to
                   clip
                   them
                   pretty
                   close
                   every
                   Summer
                   .
                
                 
                   Alleluia
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Wood-sorrel
                     ,
                     Mint
                     ,
                     Musked
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     English
                     Cives
                     ,
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                     Patience
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   
                     sharp
                     Dock
                     ,
                     Samphire
                     ,
                     Macedonian
                     Parsly
                  
                   or
                   
                     Alisanders
                     ,
                     Tripe-Madame
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   may
                   likewise
                   last
                   well
                   enough
                   in
                   their
                   places
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   Years
                   .
                
                 
                   Strawberry
                   Plants
                   may
                   last
                   three
                   years
                   ,
                   Wild
                   Endive
                   or
                   
                     Succory
                     ,
                     Anis
                     ,
                     Ordinary
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Burnet
                     ,
                     Fennel
                     ,
                     Scorzonere
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Common
                     Salsifie
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   last
                   two
                   years
                   .
                
                 
                   Leeks
                   both
                   to
                   cut
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Chards
                   ,
                   and
                   Cibouls
                   ,
                   &c.
                   last
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   from
                   one
                   Spring
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Borage
                     ,
                     Bugloss
                     ,
                     Red
                     Beet
                     Roots
                     ,
                     Spanish
                     Cardons
                     ,
                     Carrots
                     ,
                     Skirrets
                     ,
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Milan
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Collyflowers
                     ,
                     Citruls
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Harts-horn
                     Sallet
                     ,
                     Potirons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Flat
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Parsnips
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   keep
                   their
                   places
                   nine
                   Months
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   reckoning
                   from
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   sown
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Autumn
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     Basil
                     ,
                     Nasturces
                  
                   or
                   
                     Capucin
                     Capers
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Melons
                   or
                   
                     Muskmelons
                     ,
                     Shalots
                     ,
                     Onions
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   or
                   
                     Summer
                     Turneps
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   take
                   them
                   up
                   only
                   during
                   the
                   Spring
                   and
                   Summer
                   Seasons
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   their
                   places
                   may
                   receive
                   a
                   new
                   Decoration
                   of
                   Plants
                   in
                   Autumn
                   .
                
                 
                   Arrach
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Orage
                     ,
                     Ordinary
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     White
                     Endive
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Succory
                     Garden
                     Cresses
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Lettuces
                   ,
                   whether
                   to
                   cabbage
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   tie
                   up
                   ,
                   &c.
                   take
                   up
                   their
                   Ground
                   about
                   two
                   Months
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Radishes
                     ,
                     Purslain
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Ordinary
                     Chervil
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   take
                   up
                   their
                   places
                   but
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   Weeks
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   must
                   be
                   new
                   sown
                   every
                   fifteen
                   days
                   in
                   Summer
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Hasting
                     Pease
                  
                   and
                   Beans
                   ,
                   continue
                   on
                   the
                   Ground
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   Months
                   ,
                   reckoning
                   from
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   November
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   sown
                   ,
                   but
                   common
                   Peas
                   and
                   Beans
                   ,
                   and
                   Aricôs
                   ,
                   or
                   French-Beans
                   ,
                   take
                   it
                   up
                   but
                   four
                   or
                   five
                   Months
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Spinage
                   and
                   Màches
                   keep
                   theirs
                   all
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   are
                   planted
                   in
                   places
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   raised
                   such
                   Plants
                   as
                   last
                   not
                   beyond
                   the
                   Summer
                   .
                
                 
                   Mallows
                   and
                   Marsh-mallows
                   are
                   multiplied
                   only
                   by
                   Seed
                   ,
                   and
                   pass
                   not
                   beyond
                   the
                   Winter
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Plants
                   that
                   require
                   housing
                   in
                   the
                   Conservatory
                   during
                   Winter
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Cardoons
                     ,
                     Cellery
                     ,
                     Artichoke
                     heads
                     ,
                  
                   both
                   the
                   Endives
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   White
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Wild
                   sort
                   ,
                   all
                   that
                   are
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Roots
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Red
                     Beet
                     Roots
                     ,
                     Carrots
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   as
                   likewise
                   
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Citruls
                  
                   or
                   
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Potirons
                  
                   or
                   
                     Common
                     Pumpions
                     ,
                     Garlick
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Shalots
                   .
                   All
                   the
                   rest
                   resist
                   the
                   injuries
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   well
                   enough
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                     Parsly
                     ,
                     Fennel
                     ,
                     Cibouls
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   even
                   
                     Tarragon
                     ,
                     Mint
                     ,
                     Samphire
                     ,
                     Tripe-Madame
                     ,
                     Balm
                     ,
                     Asparagus
                     ,
                     Sorrel
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   But
                   they
                   sprout
                   not
                   till
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   unless
                   forced
                   on
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   .
                   Other
                   Plants
                   are
                   not
                   acquainted
                   with
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   help
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   Violence
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   all
                   Roots
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Garlick
                     ,
                     Onions
                     ,
                     Leeks
                     ,
                     Cabbages
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   Add
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   expedient
                   of
                   
                     Hot
                     Beds
                  
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   also
                   raise
                   in
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   cold
                   Weather
                   ,
                   little
                   Sallets
                   of
                   Lettuces
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   Furnitures
                   of
                   
                     Cresses
                     ,
                     Chervil
                     ,
                     Mint
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   There
                   remains
                   now
                   nothing
                   but
                   to
                   know
                   how
                   long
                   each
                   sort
                   of
                   Seed
                   will
                   keep
                   good
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   I
                   must
                   tell
                   you
                   ,
                   that
                   generally
                   speaking
                   ,
                   most
                   Seeds
                   grow
                   naught
                   after
                   one
                   of
                   two
                   years
                   at
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   concerns
                   us
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   provided
                   with
                   new
                   ones
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   would
                   not
                   run
                   the
                   hazard
                   of
                   sowing
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   in
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   hardly
                   any
                   but
                   
                     Peas
                     ,
                     Beans
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Seeds
                   of
                   
                     Muskmelons
                     ,
                     Cucumbers
                     ,
                     Citruls
                  
                   or
                   Pumpions
                   ,
                   and
                   Potirons
                   or
                   
                     Flat
                     Cucumbers
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   last
                   eight
                   or
                   ten
                   years
                   .
                   The
                   Seeds
                   of
                   Collyflowers
                   last
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Endive
                   and
                   Succory
                   ,
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   years
                   .
                   Of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Seeds
                   there
                   are
                   none
                   that
                   keep
                   so
                   small
                   a
                   time
                   as
                   
                     Lettuce
                     Seed
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   yet
                   are
                   better
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   are
                   good
                   for
                   nothing
                   the
                   third
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Sixth
                 and
                 Last
                 PART
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               Of
               the
               Chapters
               ,
               contained
               in
               the
               Fourth
               ,
               Fifth
               ,
               and
               Sixth
               Parts
               of
               the
               Treatise
               of
               Fruit-Gardens
               ,
               and
               Kitchen-Gardens
               .
            
             
               
                 PART
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     I.
                  
                   THe
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   defined
                   .
                   page
                   2.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     II.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   reasons
                   for
                   Pruning
                   .
                   p.
                   3.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     III.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   time
                   and
                   Season
                   of
                   Pruning
                   .
                   p.
                   4.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     IV.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   reasons
                   that
                   oblige
                   us
                   to
                   Prune
                   .
                   p.
                   7.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     V.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   Idea
                   and
                   Notion
                   of
                   the
                   Beauty
                   required
                   in
                   
                     Dwarf-Trees
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   8.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VI.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   Idea
                   and
                   Notion
                   of
                   the
                   Beauty
                   required
                   in
                   Wall-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Rules
                   and
                   Maximes
                   of
                   palisading
                   ,
                   or
                   nailing
                   up
                   .
                   p.
                   9.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   Branches
                   in
                   general
                   .
                   p.
                   10.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VIII
                  
                   .
                   How
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   difference
                   between
                   good
                   and
                   bad
                   Branches
                   .
                   p.
                   11.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     IX
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   explication
                   of
                   the
                   terms
                   of
                   strong
                   and
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   weak
                   and
                   weakness
                   .
                   p.
                   12.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     X.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   Tools
                   necessary
                   for
                   pruning
                   ,
                   with
                   directions
                   how
                   to
                   use
                   them
                   .
                   p.
                   15.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Pruning
                   Trees
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   after
                   they
                   are
                   planted
                   .
                   p.
                   17.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   not
                   sprouted
                   at
                   all
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   .
                   p.
                   18.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   sprouted
                   but
                   feebly
                   .
                   p.
                   20.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XIV
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   shot
                   forth
                   at
                   least
                   one
                   fair
                   Branch
                   .
                   p.
                   21.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XV.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   shot
                   forth
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   fair
                   Branch
                   .
                   p.
                   22.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XVI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   shot
                   forth
                   two
                   fair
                   Branches
                   both
                   well
                   placed
                   .
                   p.
                   23.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XVII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   shot
                   forth
                   but
                   two
                   Branches
                   which
                   are
                   both
                   fair
                   and
                   thick
                   ,
                   but
                   both
                   ill
                   placed
                   .
                   p.
                   24.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XVIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   has
                   produced
                   three
                   or
                   four
                   fair
                   Branches
                   well
                   or
                   ill
                   placed
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XIX
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   produced
                   five
                   or
                   six
                   or
                   seven
                   fair
                   Branches
                   .
                   p.
                   25.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XX.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   to
                   be
                   performed
                   on
                   a
                   Tree
                   the
                   third
                   year
                   after
                   its
                   planting
                   .
                   p.
                   26.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   which
                   shot
                   forth
                   two
                   fair
                   Branches
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   after
                   its
                   planting
                   .
                   p.
                   27.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   that
                   produced
                   three
                   fair
                   Wood
                   Branches
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   .
                   p.
                   30.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   second
                   Pruning
                   of
                   a
                   Tree
                   which
                   produced
                   four
                   fair
                   Wood
                   Branches
                   or
                   more
                   the
                   first
                   year
                   .
                   p.
                   31.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXIV
                  
                   .
                   What
                   Pruning
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   used
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   year
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   of
                   not
                   above
                   four
                   years
                   planting
                   .
                   p.
                   33.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXV
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   Trees
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   planted
                   with
                   many
                   Branches
                   .
                   p.
                   34.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXVI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   
                     Standard-Trees
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   35.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXVII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   method
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   ordering
                   of
                   Graffs
                   in
                   the
                   Cleft
                   ,
                   made
                   and
                   multiplied
                   upon
                   old
                   Trees
                   as
                   they
                   stand
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   be
                   Dwarf
                   or
                   
                     Wall-Trees
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXVIII
                  
                   .
                   How
                   to
                   proceed
                   in
                   unexpected
                   cases
                   ,
                   which
                   commonly
                   enough
                   happen
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   though
                   ordered
                   according
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   rules
                   of
                   Art.
                   p.
                   36.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXIX
                  
                   .
                   Common
                   remarks
                   in
                   certain
                   particular
                   and
                   singular
                   cases
                   that
                   concern
                   the
                   Pruning
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                     Trees
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   37.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   38.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   39.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   eighth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   ninth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   tenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   eleventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twelfth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   40.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   seventeenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   eighteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   41.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   nineteenth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twentieth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   second
                   Observation
                   :
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   42.
                   
                
                 
                   
                   The
                   twenty
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   eighth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   twenty
                   ninth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirtieth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   second
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   43.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ib.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   eighth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   44.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   thirty
                   ninth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourtieth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   second
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   45.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   eighth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fourty
                   ninth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fiftieth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   second
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   46.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   eighth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifty
                   ninth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixtieth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   first
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   47.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   second
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   third
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   fourth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   fifth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   sixth
                   Observation
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   sixty
                   seventh
                   Observation
                   .
                   p.
                   48.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXX
                  
                   .
                   Particular
                   Remarks
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   pruning
                   ,
                   performed
                   every
                   year
                   in
                   February
                   and
                   March
                   upon
                   Stone
                   Fruit-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   upon
                   Peach
                   and
                   Apricock-Trees
                   ,
                   whether
                   Dwarfs
                   or
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXI
                  
                   .
                   Particular
                   Remarks
                   for
                   the
                   second
                   and
                   third
                   prunings
                   of
                   Stone
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   51.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   different
                   ways
                   of
                   ordering
                   Peach-Trees
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   .
                   p.
                   53.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   disbudding
                   and
                   plucking
                   of
                   superfluous
                   Buds
                   and
                   Branches
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXIV
                  
                   .
                   Particular
                   remarks
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   another
                   important
                   operation
                   ,
                   used
                   in
                   Summer
                   to
                   some
                   Trees
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   called
                   pinching
                   .
                   p.
                   55.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXV
                  
                   .
                   What
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   certain
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   extraordinary
                   vigorous
                   that
                   they
                   bear
                   no
                   Fruit.
                   p.
                   56.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXVI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Ordering
                   and
                   Culture
                   of
                   Fig-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   57.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXVII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   pruning
                   Trees
                   that
                   are
                   already
                   old
                   .
                   p.
                   66.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXVIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   faults
                   committed
                   in
                   pruning
                   of
                   old
                   Dwarf-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   68.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XXXIX
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   faults
                   committed
                   in
                   pruning
                   of
                   old
                   Wall-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   70.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XL.
                  
                   Of
                   pruning
                   of
                   Vines
                   .
                   p.
                   72.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 PART
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     I.
                  
                   OF
                   the
                   Care
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   in
                   picking
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   have
                   too
                   many
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   p.
                   78.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     II.
                  
                   How
                   to
                   know
                   when
                   to
                   uncover
                   some
                   Fruits
                   that
                   need
                   it
                   .
                   p.
                   81.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     III.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   maturity
                   and
                   ripening
                   of
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   order
                   Nature
                   observes
                   in
                   it
                   .
                   p.
                   82.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     IV.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   marks
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   judge
                   of
                   the
                   ripeness
                   and
                   goodness
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                   p.
                   86.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     V.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   causes
                   of
                   the
                   hasty
                   or
                   backward
                   ,
                   ripening
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                   p.
                   87.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VI.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   particular
                   marks
                   of
                   the
                   ripeness
                   of
                   each
                   sort
                   of
                   Fruit
                   ,
                   and
                   first
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   Fruits
                   that
                   ripen
                   ,
                   that
                   attain
                   their
                   full
                   ripeness
                   on
                   the
                   Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   88.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VII
                  
                   .
                   How
                   to
                   place
                   Fruits
                   when
                   gathered
                   in
                   such
                   fit
                   places
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   most
                   proper
                   to
                   preserve
                   them
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   .
                   p.
                   92.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   transporting
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                   p.
                   93.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     IX
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   Store-Houses
                   or
                   Fruit-Lofts
                   .
                   p.
                   94.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     X.
                  
                   Of
                   the
                   Diseases
                   of
                   Fruit-Trees
                   .
                   p.
                   99.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XI
                  
                   .
                   A
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Graffs
                   of
                   Trees
                   and
                   of
                   Nurseries
                   .
                   p.
                   103.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   kind
                   of
                   Graffs
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   use
                   .
                   p.
                   105.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XIII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   proper
                   times
                   to
                   graff
                   .
                   p.
                   106.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XIV
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   performing
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Graffs
                   .
                   p.
                   107.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XV.
                  
                   Which
                   are
                   the
                   stocks
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   natural
                   disposition
                   to
                   receive
                   some
                   kinds
                   of
                   Fruits
                   each
                   in
                   particular
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   receive
                   no
                   others
                   .
                   p.
                   111.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XVI
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   Nurseries
                   and
                   Seminaries
                   .
                   p.
                   113.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     XVII
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   different
                   manners
                   of
                   Lettuces
                   used
                   to
                   Pallisade
                   .
                   p.
                   114.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 VI.
                 and
                 last
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Treatise
                 of
                 Fruit-Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 Kitchen-Gardens
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     I.
                  
                   OF
                   the
                   culture
                   of
                   
                     Kitchen-Gardens
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   137.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     II.
                  
                   Containing
                   the
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Seeds
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   that
                   serve
                   for
                   the
                   production
                   and
                   multiplication
                   of
                   every
                   Plant
                   and
                   Legume
                   .
                   p.
                   141.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     III.
                  
                   Shews
                   us
                   what
                   things
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   supplied
                   with
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   every
                   Month
                   in
                   the
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   a
                   Gard'ner
                   may
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   every
                   of
                   those
                   Months
                   .
                   p.
                   147.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   
                     Jan.
                     p.
                  
                   148.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   in
                   
                     February
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   153.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     March.
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     April
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   155.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     May.
                     p.
                  
                   159.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     June
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   163.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     July
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   164.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     September
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   165.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     October
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   167.
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     November
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     December
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   171.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   supplied
                   with
                   from
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   month
                   of
                   
                     January
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   173.
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     February
                     .
                     p.
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   March.
                   p.
                   174.
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     April
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     May.
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     June
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   175.
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     July
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     August
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   176.
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     September
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     October
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     November
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   177.
                   
                
                 
                   Products
                   and
                   Provisions
                   of
                   
                     December
                     .
                     ibid.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     IV.
                  
                   How
                   to
                   know
                   by
                   viewing
                   a
                   Kitchen-Garden
                   ,
                   whether
                   it
                   wants
                   any
                   thing
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     V.
                  
                   What
                   sort
                   of
                   Ground
                   is
                   most
                   proper
                   for
                   every
                   legume
                   .
                   p.
                   181.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VI.
                  
                   What
                   sort
                   of
                   Culture
                   is
                   most
                   agreeable
                   to
                   every
                   particular
                   Plant.
                   p.
                   184.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Chap.
                     VII
                     .
                     and
                     last
                  
                   .
                   Shewing
                   how
                   long
                   every
                   Kitchen
                   plant
                   may
                   profitably
                   Occupy
                   its
                   place
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Kitchen-Garden
                     .
                     p.
                  
                   203.
                   
                
                 
                   Which
                   are
                   they
                   that
                   need
                   housing
                   ,
                   to
                   supply
                   us
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   Which
                   are
                   they
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   force
                   to
                   grow
                   by
                   Art
                   ,
                   in
                   spite
                   of
                   the
                   Frost
                   .
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   how
                   long
                   every
                   several
                   sort
                   of
                   Seed
                   will
                   keep
                   good
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Table
               of
               the
               Chapters
               of
               Fruit-Gardens
               ,
               and
               Kitchen-Gardens
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               DIRECTIONS
               Concerning
               MELONS
               .
            
             
               IT
               is
               now
               more
               than
               Twenty
               Years
               since
               Monsieur
               
                 De
                 la
                 Quintinye
              
               ,
               being
               in
               England
               ,
               that
               receiving
               the
               Honor
               of
               a
               Visit
               from
               him
               at
               my
               House
               ,
               and
               falling
               into
               Discourse
               of
               Gardens
               ,
               he
               afterwards
               (
               on
               my
               Request
               )
               sent
               me
               some
               Directions
               from
               Paris
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Ordering
               of
               Melons
               ;
               it
               being
               in
               Effect
               the
               same
               (
               though
               somewhat
               more
               ample
               )
               which
               was
               about
               that
               time
               Published
               by
               Mr.
               Oldenburg
               .
               It
               may
               not
               perhaps
               be
               Unwelcome
               to
               our
               Gard'ner
               ,
               or
               improperly
               Annex'd
               to
               this
               Useful
               Part
               of
               Horticulture
               ;
               especially
               coming
               from
               the
               most
               
               Experienc'd
               ,
               in
               relation
               to
               this
               delicious
               Fruit
               :
               However
               (
               and
               for
               what
               Reason
               I
               enquire
               not
               )
               omitted
               as
               to
               any
               particular
               ,
               and
               full
               Instructions
               in
               this
               long
               expected
               Work
               of
               his
               .
            
             
               
                 I
                 give
                 it
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 Method
                 I
                 long
                 since
                 cast
                 it
                 for
                 some
                 Friends
                 of
                 mine
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 J.
                 EVELYN
                 ▪
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               THE
               most
               Undegenerating
               sort
               of
               Melons
               are
               not
               large
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               middling
               Size
               ,
               the
               Rind
               thin
               ,
               faintly
               Embroider'd
               ,
               and
               without
               being
               Ribb'd
               or
               divided
               along
               the
               Sides
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               very
               obscurely
               :
               Others
               there
               are
               which
               be
               whitish
               ,
               some
               of
               a
               Slate-colour
               ,
               Red-flesh
               ,
               dry
               ,
               yet
               melting
               in
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               and
               not
               at
               all
               Mealy
               ,
               but
               of
               an
               high
               and
               generous
               Gust
               .
               In
               a
               word
               ,
               the
               only
               sort
               (
               after
               Trials
               of
               many
               hundred
               Kinds
               )
               I
               have
               Cultivated
               with
               Success
               ,
               and
               that
               retain
               their
               good
               Qualities
               more
               than
               Twenty
               Years
               ,
               without
               any
               considerable
               Alteration
               .
            
             
               Every
               Gard'ner
               now-a-days
               ,
               knows
               how
               to
               raise
               Melons
               ,
               but
               very
               few
               to
               Govern
               them
               ;
               the
               greatest
               difficulty
               whereof
               is
               in
               the
               Guelding
               of
               Superfluities
               ,
               to
               cause
               them
               to
               knit
               ,
               and
               bear
               as
               they
               should
               do
               .
               In
               order
               to
               which
               ,
               observe
               these
               few
               Directions
               :
            
             
             
               The
               first
               thing
               appearing
               (
               after
               the
               Seed
               is
               Sown
               ,
               and
               the
               Plants
               prick'd
               out
               from
               the
               Hot-Bed
               into
               a
               more
               temperate
               )
               are
               a
               pair
               of
               small
               smooth
               Leaves
               ,
               which
               (
               in
               France
               )
               we
               call
               the
               Ears
               ,
               marked
               1.
               1.
               in
               the
               Figure
               above
               .
               A
               few
               days
               after
               ,
               'twixt
               these
               ,
               comes
               up
               a
               single
               Leaf
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               the
               First
               Leaf
               ,
               as
               being
               on
               the
               first
               Knot
               ,
               noted
               2.
               
               Next
               to
               this
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               ,
               there
               appears
               another
               ,
               which
               we
               term
               the
               Second
               Knot
               ,
               marked
               3.
               
               About
               the
               middle
               of
               whose
               Stalk
               there
               shoots
               out
               another
               Leaf
               ,
               call'd
               the
               Third
               Knot
               ,
               Figur'd
               4.
               
               Which
               Third
               Knot
               is
               always
               to
               be
               Pruned
               off
               at
               Fig.
               6.
               but
               with
               Care
               ,
               and
               without
               Wounding
               the
               Stalk
               or
               Branch
               of
               the
               Second
               Knot
               ,
               marked
               3
               ,
               upon
               which
               that
               Third
               did
               grow
               ;
               it
               being
               from
               this
               place
               you
               will
               find
               that
               Branch
               to
               Sprout
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               the
               First
               Leader
               ;
               and
               is
               that
               which
               will
               send
               out
               a
               First
               ,
               Second
               ,
               and
               Third
               Knot
               ;
               which
               Third
               (
               and
               all
               other
               such
               Thirds
               )
               you
               must
               Cut
               ,
               or
               pinch
               off
               ,
               as
               you
               did
               the
               other
               ,
               without
               staying
               'till
               a
               Fourth
               ,
               or
               Fifth
               ,
               or
               more
               ,
               shoot
               out
               .
               It
               is
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               from
               these
               Knots
               and
               Joints
               ,
               that
               other
               Branches
               in
               like
               manner
               will
               proceed
               ,
               knit
               ,
               and
               form
               into
               Excellent
               Fruit
               ,
               provided
               the
               Foot
               and
               Original
               Stem
               have
               been
               well
               nourish'd
               in
               rich
               ,
               warm
               ,
               and
               proper
               Mould
               ,
               and
               well
               expos'd
               .
            
             
               I
               must
               not
               forget
               ,
               that
               from
               the
               middle
               ,
               likewise
               'twixt
               the
               Ears
               and
               two
               first
               Leaves
               ,
               there
               frequently
               rises
               another
               Branch
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               abate
               ,
               or
               leave
               on
               ,
               as
               you
               find
               it
               likely
               to
               prove
               ,
               especially
               if
               a
               vigorous
               one
               ;
               but
               the
               Leaf
               Figur'd
               5
               ,
               issuing
               from
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Fourth
               Joint
               ,
               and
               several
               more
               besides
               ,
               successively
               Springing
               out
               of
               one
               another
               ,
               as
               you
               see
               the
               Fourth
               from
               the
               Third
               (
               and
               as
               all
               the
               rest
               I
               have
               marked
               do
               )
               I
               purposely
               omit
               ,
               and
               have
               only
               Figur'd
               ,
               as
               superfluous
               to
               the
               Ingenious
               Gard'ner
               .
            
             
               When
               I
               Transplant
               from
               this
               Nursery-Bed
               (
               into
               the
               prepared
               Holes
               or
               Ridges
               ,
               and
               open
               Meloniere
               )
               I
               commonly
               place
               two
               Roots
               together
               ,
               unless
               I
               meet
               with
               an
               extraordinary
               good
               Plant
               ,
               and
               then
               spare
               both
               the
               Branches
               which
               Spring
               from
               each
               side
               ,
               'twixt
               the
               Ear
               and
               Leaf
               7
               ,
               7
               ,
               as
               before
               is
               shew'd
               :
               But
               when
               I
               Plant
               two
               Roots
               near
               each
               other
               (
               as
               I
               do
               when
               they
               are
               not
               very
               fair
               ones
               )
               I
               totally
               reject
               both
               Branches
               which
               shoot
               from
               the
               two
               opposite
               Ears
               ,
               to
               avoid
               that
               Confusion
               of
               those
               Supernumeraries
               which
               injure
               the
               principal
               Stem
               and
               Foot
               it self
               .
            
             
               Never
               suffer
               the
               Root
               ,
               or
               Stalks
               of
               your
               Melon
               Plants
               ,
               to
               touch
               the
               Dung
               ;
               nor
               should
               you
               Water
               them
               immoderately
               ,
               but
               when
               the
               Earth
               is
               very
               dry
               ,
               and
               the
               Season
               excessively
               hot
               ,
               refresh
               ,
               and
               give
               the
               Roots
               Drink
               ,
               without
               deferring
               it
               'till
               the
               Shoots
               complain
               ,
               when
               it
               may
               come
               too
               late
               :
               I
               Water
               them
               in
               these
               parching
               Seasons
               ,
               two
               or
               three
               times
               every
               Week
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Evenings
               when
               the
               Sun
               is
               Setting
               ,
               and
               then
               cover
               them
               with
               Matrasses
               ,
               from
               Eleven
               'till
               Two
               a
               Clock
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Afternoon
               during
               the
               Suns
               excessive
               violence
               ,
               which
               Exhausts
               ,
               and
               Consumes
               the
               Humidity
               necessary
               to
               both
               Roots
               and
               Branches
               .
            
             
               I
               cover
               my
               Meloniere
               also
               when
               it
               Rains
               ,
               lest
               too
               much
               Moisture
               prejudice
               the
               Fruit
               ;
               all
               which
               requires
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Care
               ,
               and
               no
               small
               Pains
               ,
               though
               this
               Regular
               proceeding
               is
               to
               me
               a
               real
               Pleasure
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Foot
               of
               your
               Melon
               Plant
               grows
               over
               Luxurious
               in
               Branches
               ,
               cut
               away
               the
               feeblest
               of
               them
               ,
               leaving
               not
               above
               three
               or
               four
               of
               the
               most
               vigorous
               ,
               and
               whose
               Knots
               grow
               nearest
               to
               one
               another
               :
               And
               when
               the
               Melons
               are
               Knit
               ,
               suffer
               not
               above
               two
               upon
               each
               Foot
               ,
               choosing
               such
               as
               are
               best
               plac'd
               ,
               and
               nearest
               to
               the
               main
               and
               principal
               Stem
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               thick
               ,
               snug
               ,
               and
               not
               too
               far
               above
               the
               Ground
               .
               Of
               these
               that
               are
               knit
               ,
               and
               beginning
               to
               form
               ,
               make
               choice
               of
               the
               handsomest
               ,
               that
               are
               well
               Truss'd
               with
               a
               thick
               short
               Tail
               ;
               Melons
               with
               long
               starts
               ,
               slender
               ,
               and
               narrow
               Leaves
               ,
               never
               prove
               worth
               any
               thing
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               begin
               to
               Cover
               with
               Bells
               ,
               raise
               them
               so
               upon
               little
               Forks
               ,
               as
               they
               neither
               rest
               upon
               the
               Fruit
               or
               Branches
               ,
               or
               quite
               exclude
               the
               Air
               ;
               but
               so
               as
               to
               keep
               the
               edges
               from
               bruising
               ,
               and
               pressing
               the
               tender
               Stalk
               ,
               and
               Intercepting
               the
               Current
               Sap.
               
            
             
               It
               now
               and
               then
               happens
               ,
               that
               there
               rises
               a
               second
               Branch
               from
               between
               the
               Ears
               ,
               and
               two
               first
               Leaves
               (
               though
               I
               mention'd
               indeed
               but
               one
               )
               but
               this
               is
               very
               seldom
               ;
               and
               you
               are
               still
               to
               count
               them
               but
               for
               one
               Joint
               or-Knot
               ,
               though
               there
               will
               thence
               proceed
               a
               Second
               ,
               Third
               ,
               Fourth
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               Twenty
               or
               Thirty
               more
               ,
               and
               further
               remote
               ,
               if
               you
               let
               them
               alone
               ,
               and
               be
               not
               vigilant
               to
               restrain
               ,
               and
               stop
               this
               ex●berance
               in
               due
               time
               .
               'T
               is
               true
               ,
               they
               will
               present
               you
               with
               Fruit
               at
               the
               Extremities
               of
               their
               Branches
               ,
               but
               't
               is
               little
               worth
               ,
               as
               being
               so
               far
               distant
               from
               the
               Root
               ,
               that
               the
               Sap
               spends
               it self
               in
               the
               tedious
               passage
               before
               it
               arrives
               ,
               as
               
               you
               'll
               find
               by
               the
               wither'd
               Branch
               ,
               and
               dryness
               of
               the
               Leaves
               which
               should
               skreen
               both
               Branches
               and
               Fruit
               ,
               'till
               they
               are
               Ripe
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               they
               do
               ,
               where
               a
               Melon
               has
               a
               short
               and
               substantial
               Foot.
               A
               Curious
               Gard'ner
               therefore
               should
               visit
               his
               Meloniere
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               and
               be
               Cutting
               off
               all
               Mutilated
               ,
               Starv'd
               and
               Vicious
               Branches
               which
               annoy
               the
               Plants
               ,
               for
               these
               Impertinents
               will
               grow
               even
               to
               the
               view
               of
               ones
               Eye
               ,
               and
               quite
               Impoverish
               the
               Fruit
               ,
               if
               not
               timely
               prevented
               .
            
             
               Thus
               you
               see
               I
               am
               careful
               to
               Purge
               the
               Stems
               of
               all
               the
               small
               ,
               straggling
               ,
               and
               unprofitable
               Branches
               ,
               from
               which
               there
               is
               no
               expectation
               of
               good
               Fruit
               ,
               whilst
               observing
               those
               that
               have
               well
               knit
               Melons
               on
               them
               at
               the
               ends
               of
               the
               Branches
               ,
               I
               constantly
               take
               away
               the
               rest
               of
               that
               Branch
               on
               this
               side
               the
               Fruit
               ,
               which-divaricating
               into
               other
               useless
               Wanderers
               ,
               would
               Rob
               ,
               and
               deprive
               the
               Fruit
               of
               the
               Nutriment
               derived
               from
               the
               Root
               ;
               nevertheless
               with
               this
               Caution
               ,
               that
               in
               Pruning
               ,
               I
               spare
               some
               other
               less
               Noxious
               Branches
               to
               shade
               the
               Fruit
               ,
               that
               it
               be
               not
               left
               quite
               Naked
               ,
               and
               expos'd
               to
               such
               a
               scorching
               Heat
               as
               would
               hinder
               its
               Growth
               and
               Maturity
               ,
               which
               within
               Forty
               days
               from
               its
               Nativity
               and
               knitting
               into
               Fruit
               ,
               arrives
               to
               full
               Perfection
               .
            
             
               Great
               and
               Pumpion-like
               Melons
               are
               very
               seldom
               tollerably
               good
               ,
               as
               arriving
               to
               their
               bulk
               either
               from
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Seed
               and
               Kind
               ,
               or
               from
               superfluous
               Watering
               the
               smaller
               ones
               ;
               wherefore
               (
               though
               as
               I
               said
               they
               cannot
               support
               the
               too
               excessive
               Heats
               )
               the
               less
               Water
               you
               give
               your
               Plants
               (
               provided
               you
               find
               them
               not
               to
               want
               it
               )
               the
               better
               ;
               and
               that
               rather
               a
               little
               at
               a
               time
               than
               much
               :
               Once
               a
               Week
               is
               for
               most
               part
               sufficient
               .
               As
               to
               this
               therefore
               you
               must
               determine
               ,
               and
               regulate
               your
               Refreshments
               with
               great
               Circumspection
               ,
               and
               Judge
               by
               the
               Nourishment
               which
               you
               concieve
               Necessary
               to
               Produce
               and
               Maintain
               the
               Foot
               ,
               with
               its
               Branches
               ,
               and
               Leaves
               deriving
               from
               it
               ;
               without
               which
               no
               Kind
               and
               Genuine
               Fruit
               is
               to
               be
               expected
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               would
               Gather
               a
               Ripe
               Melon
               ,
               you
               will
               have
               notice
               by
               its
               turning
               a
               little
               Yellow
               ;
               for
               from
               that
               time
               ,
               within
               a
               day
               (
               as
               the
               Weather
               proves
               )
               it
               does
               ordinarily
               Ripen
               ,
               and
               begin
               to
               cast
               a
               grateful
               Scent
               :
               This
               Yellowness
               appearing
               in
               some
               part
               of
               it
               or
               other
               ,
               and
               not
               seldom
               with
               some
               Rift
               ,
               or
               little
               Casm's
               about
               the
               Stalk
               ,
               &c.
               are
               most
               Infallible
               Indications
               of
               its
               being
               left
               rather
               too
               long
               ,
               than
               too
               hastily
               Gather'd
               :
               The
               Gard'ner
               must
               therefore
               not
               fail
               of
               Visiting
               the
               Meloniere
               at
               the
               least
               three
               times
               a
               day
               ,
               Morning
               ,
               Noon
               ,
               and
               Evening
               ,
               for
               this
               Critical
               time
               of
               Ripening
               .
               He
               will
               sometimes
               find
               Melons
               Ripen
               too
               fast
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               seldom
               or
               never
               Good
               ,
               as
               proceeding
               rather
               from
               a
               sickly
               ,
               or
               vicions
               Root
               ,
               than
               from
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               or
               Species
               of
               those
               I
               Cultivate
               .
            
             
               After
               Twenty
               four
               Hours
               keeping
               ,
               or
               the
               next
               day
               after
               it
               has
               been
               Gather'd
               (
               for
               so
               long
               ,
               contrary
               to
               Vulgar
               Opinion
               ,
               it
               should
               be
               preserv'd
               in
               some
               sweet
               dry
               place
               )
               and
               not
               Eaten
               immediately
               as
               it
               comes
               from
               the
               Garden
               :
               A
               perfect
               and
               transcendent
               Melon
               will
               be
               Full
               ,
               Juicy
               ,
               and
               without
               any
               Vacuity
               (
               which
               you
               'll
               easily
               discern
               by
               Rapping
               a
               little
               with
               your
               Knuckles
               upon
               the
               outside
               of
               the
               Fruit
               )
               the
               Meat
               should
               also
               be
               dry
               ,
               or
               but
               a
               little
               Rorid
               meazing
               out
               of
               the
               Pulp
               ;
               but
               by
               no
               means
               Watrish
               and
               Flashy
               .
               To
               this
               add
               a
               Vermillion
               Colour
               ,
               a
               grateful
               Flavor
               ,
               and
               an
               high
               and
               Racy
               Taste
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               Reserve
               for
               Seed
               of
               that
               only
               which
               lies
               towards
               the
               Sunny
               side
               of
               the
               Melon
               ,
               which
               being
               immediately
               cleans'd
               from
               its
               Musilage
               ,
               with
               a
               dry
               Linnen
               Cloth
               ,
               Reserve
               in
               Boxes
               ,
               or
               Papers
               ,
               in
               some
               Temperate
               and
               Sweeter
               place
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               AN
               Advertisement
               to
               the
               CURIOUS
               .
            
             
               
                 IT
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 that
                 the
                 Author
                 (
                 whom
                 I
                 had
                 the
                 Honour
                 to
                 know
                 )
                 had
                 liv'd
                 to
                 put
                 his
                 last
                 Hand
                 to
                 this
                 whole
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 to
                 his
              
               Potagere
               ,
               
                 the
                 Culture
                 of
              
               Melons
               
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Exquisite
                 Master
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 quite
                 omitted
                 it
                 :
                 Not
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 oblig'd
                 the
                 World
                 withal
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 most
                 Perfect
                 ,
                 and
                 Consummate
                 Piece
                 that
                 was
                 ever
                 ,
                 I
                 believe
                 ,
                 Publish'd
                 on
                 this
                 agreeable
                 Subject
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 He
                 did
                 himself
                 intend
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 abbreviated
                 some
                 Periods
                 and
                 Repetitions
                 which
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 occur
                 to
                 the
              
               Translator
               ,
               
                 but
                 which
                 he
                 cannot
                 honestly
                 pretermit
                 to
                 justifie
                 the
                 Version
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 what
                 imports
                 this
                 little
              
               Treatise
               ,
               
                 in
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 concern'd
                 out
                 of
                 my
                 Affection
                 to
                 this
                 Sweet
                 ,
                 and
                 Innocent
                 Toil
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 Mistakes
                 ,
                 and
                 needless
                 Circumlocution
                 (
                 had
                 I
                 over-nicely
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Text
                 )
                 let
                 the
              
               Reader
               
                 take
                 Notice
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 use
                 the
                 Word
              
               Case
               ,
               
                 indifferently
                 ,
                 for
                 the
              
               Box
               ,
               Tube
               
                 or
                 other
              
               Vessel
               
                 in
                 which
                 these
                 Choice
                 Trees
                 are
                 commonly
                 Planted
                 :
              
            
             
               Oringist
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
              
               Gard'ner
               
                 pretending
                 to
                 the
                 Culture
                 of
              
               Orange-Trees
               .
            
             
               Casing
               ,
               or
               In-Casing
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
                 Action
                 ,
                 or
                 putting
                 the
                 Trees
                 into
                 the
              
               Case
               or
               Vessel
               .
            
             
               Un-Casing
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
                 taking
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
              
               Case
               or
               Vessel
               .
            
             
               Re-Casing
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
                 Planting
                 them
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
              
               Case
               or
               Vessel
               .
            
             
               Green-House
               ,
               
                 For
                 the
                 Plate
                 or
              
               Conservatory
               
                 where
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 Inclos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sh●t
                 up
                 during
                 the
                 Winter
                 .
              
            
             
               Clod
               
                 (
                 or
              
               Mot
               )
               
                 For
                 that
                 Earth
                 ,
                 Sod
                 ,
                 or
                 whole
                 Mass
                 of
              
               Mould
               
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
              
               Roots
               :
               
                 The
                 rest
                 are
                 Obvious
              
               .
            
             
               
                 As
                 to
                 what
                 the
              
               Author
               
                 has
                 mention'd
                 in
              
               Chap.
               
                 ix
                 .
                 speaking
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 using
              
               Fire
               ,
               
                 and
                 supplying
                 it
                 with
                 lighted
              
               Flambeaux
               and
               Lamps
               ;
               
                 besides
                 that
                 he
                 no
                 where
                 says
                 h●w
                 the
              
               Smoak
               
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 convey'd
                 out
                 of
                 so
                 very
                 close
                 a
                 place
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
              
               Number
               of
               Lights
               and
               Lamps
               ,
               
                 if
                 the
                 House
                 be
                 large
                 and
                 ample
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 considerable
                 Charge
                 ,
                 if
                 maintain'd
                 with
              
               Wax
               ,
               or
               Oyl-Olive
               
                 (
                 for
                 such
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 intolerable
                 smell
                 and
              
               fuligo's
               
                 of
                 gross
                 and
                 cheaper
                 Materials
                 )
                 it
                 gives
                 me
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 adding
                 something
                 to
                 the
                 Justification
                 ,
                 and
                 Melioration
                 of
                 what
                 I
                 lately
                 Publish'd
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Edition
                 of
                 my
              
               Hortensial
               Kalender
               .
               
                 It
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Naked
                 or
              
               Stov'd
               Fire
               ,
               
                 pent
                 up
                 within
                 the
                 House
                 ,
                 without
                 any
              
               Exit
               ,
               
                 or
                 succession
                 of
                 External
                 ,
                 Fresh
                 ,
                 and
                 Unexhausted
                 Vital
                 Air
                 ,
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 extreamly
                 Noxious
                 and
                 Pernicious
                 to
                 these
                 Delicate
                 and
                 Tender
                 Plants
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 answers
                 all
                 the
                 Ends
                 ,
                 and
                 Operations
                 of
                 Natural
              
               Air
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
                 Objections
                 against
                 the
                 Use
                 of
              
               Fire
               ,
               
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 save
                 by
              
               Lamps
               and
               Flambeaux
               ,
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 is
                 preferible
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 I
                 acknowledge
                 to
                 have
                 seen
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 that
                 the
              
               Naked
               Fire
               ,
               
                 made
                 t●o
                 near
                 the
              
               Pipes
               ,
               
                 is
                 intolerable
                 ,
                 melting
                 even
              
               Cast
               Iron
               
                 it self
                 :
                 But
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 no
                 where
                 recommend
                 that
                 Metal
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
              
               Pipes
               
                 be
                 made
                 of
              
               Crucible
               Earth
               ,
               
                 and
                 propose
                 the
                 whole
                 but
                 as
                 a
                 laudable
              
               Experiment
               ;
               
                 so
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 Question
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 such
              
               Pipes
               
                 were
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 be
                 plac'd
                 at
                 farther
                 distance
                 from
                 the
              
               Fire
               ,
               
                 or
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 a
                 reasonable
                 thick
              
               Fire-Stone
               
                 laid
                 flat
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Arch-wise
                 (
                 on
                 which
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 strew'd
                 a
              
               Bath
               
                 or
                 Bed
                 of
              
               Sand
               )
               
                 between
                 the
              
               Naked
               Fire
               
                 and
                 the
              
               Pipes
               ,
               
                 to
                 Intercept
                 ,
                 and
                 moderate
                 the
                 Intenser
                 Heat
                 (
                 with
                 due
                 regard
                 to
                 Register
                 and
                 Govern
                 the
                 Blast
                 )
                 but
                 that
                 a
                 gentle
                 and
                 benign
                 warmth
                 would
                 ensue
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 only
                 Recreate
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 Inconvenience
                 to
                 our
                 nicest
              
               Exotics
               :
               
                 Add
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 equal
                 distribution
                 of
                 this
                 Genuine
                 Temper
                 ,
                 that
                 the
              
               Noses
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Pipes
               
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 Inserted
                 into
                 a
                 larger
              
               Pipe
               of
               Laton
               ,
               
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 applied
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 blind
                 Wall
                 the
                 whole
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 within
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 pierced
                 with
                 frequent
                 small
                 holes
                 ,
                 would
                 breathe
                 it
                 more
                 equally
                 through
                 the
              
               Conservatory
               :
               
                 There
                 might
                 also
                 be
                 placed
                 a
              
               Vessel
               ,
               or
               Kettle
               ,
               
                 upon
                 the
              
               Firestone-Diaphragma
               ,
               
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 fill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 supplied
                 by
                 a
              
               Tunnel
               
                 from
                 without
                 with
              
               Water
               ,
               
                 the
                 Vapor
                 of
                 which
                 would
                 exceedingly
                 temper
                 the
              
               Pipes
               ,
               
                 and
                 Contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Perfection
                 of
                 this
                 Experiment
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Facile
                 est
                 Inventis
                 addere
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 J.
                 EVELYN
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
             
               A
               TREATISE
               OF
               ORANGE-TREES
               .
            
             
               Translated
               by
               
                 John
                 Evelyn
              
               
                 Esq
              
            
          
           
             
               PREFACE
               .
            
             
               AMong
               the
               Florist
               Gard'ners
               ,
               of
               whom
               there
               are
               a
               great
               many
               very
               able
               Men
               ,
               one
               frequently
               meets
               with
               some
               ,
               pretending
               as
               if
               to
               them
               alone
               pertain'd
               the
               Government
               of
               Orange-Trees
               ;
               and
               would
               make
               the
               World
               believe
               ,
               that
               the
               Culture
               of
               those
               sort
               of
               Trees
               is
               the
               only
               Master-Piece
               of
               Gard'ning
               ;
               and
               upon
               this
               ,
               make
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               shew
               ,
               and
               talk
               mightily
               about
               the
               Preparation
               of
               Earths
               ,
               and
               of
               finding
               out
               all
               the
               Ingredients
               which
               ,
               they
               'll
               tell
               you
               ,
               ought
               to
               go
               to
               their
               Composition
               :
               Nor
               boast
               they
               less
               of
               their
               In-Casement
               ,
               Potting
               ,
               Waterings
               ;
               the
               setting
               them
               in
               ,
               bringing
               out
               ,
               and
               Exposure
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               There
               are
               likewise
               some
               among
               'em
               ,
               who
               carry
               the
               Secret
               a
               great
               deal
               farther
               ,
               and
               that
               pretend
               the
               Kinds
               and
               Species
               of
               Orange-Trees
               are
               almost
               infinite
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               (
               how
               true
               soever
               )
               were
               enough
               to
               affright
               the
               most
               Curious
               ,
               if
               ,
               as
               they
               would
               make
               one
               believe
               ,
               every
               one
               of
               those
               Kinds
               did
               absolutely
               require
               a
               certain
               Specific
               Salt
               peculiar
               to
               them
               ,
               and
               would
               imbark
               us
               upon
               such
               an
               Ocean
               of
               Difficulties
               ,
               as
               hardly
               any
               Body
               would
               adventure
               upon
               a
               Voyage
               so
               dangerous
               ,
               and
               where
               the
               Ship-wreck
               seems
               almost
               inevitable
               .
            
             
               But
               ,
               as
               in
               our
               Ort-yards
               and
               Olitorie
               Gardens
               ,
               where
               the
               Number
               of
               the
               Species
               ,
               and
               several
               Kinds
               ,
               do
               greatly
               exceed
               those
               of
               Orange
               Trees
               ,
               Experience
               
               teaches
               us
               ,
               that
               the
               very
               same
               Culture
               does
               very
               near
               serve
               for
               all
               sorts
               of
               Kernel-Fruit
               ,
               all
               kind
               of
               Stone-Fruit
               ,
               and
               all
               Verdures
               whatsoever
               :
               Upon
               this
               Experience
               therefore
               we
               presume
               ,
               that
               there
               needs
               no
               other
               Culture
               for
               all
               the
               sorts
               of
               Orange
               Trees
               ,
               and
               this
               upon
               very
               good
               Assurance
               ,
               daily
               Trials
               ,
               and
               convincing
               Proofs
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               not
               therefore
               stand
               upon
               so
               many
               and
               great
               Difficulties
               ,
               by
               which
               both
               the
               one
               and
               the
               other
               have
               deterr'd
               many
               Curious
               Persons
               ,
               Passionate
               Lovers
               of
               the
               Orange
               Tree
               :
               A
               Passion
               ,
               in
               my
               Opinion
               ,
               the
               most
               reasonable
               ,
               and
               best
               plac'd
               ,
               of
               any
               ;
               since
               ,
               in
               effect
               ,
               through
               the
               whole
               extent
               of
               Gard'ning
               ,
               we
               find
               neither
               Plant
               nor
               Trees
               that
               afford
               us
               so
               much
               Delight
               ,
               and
               that
               are
               so
               lasting
               :
               For
               there
               is
               not
               a
               day
               throughout
               the
               whole
               Year
               ,
               wherein
               Orange
               Trees
               may
               not
               (
               and
               as
               they
               should
               do
               ,
               )
               gratifie
               and
               court
               their
               Lovers
               ,
               either
               by
               the
               Verdure
               of
               their
               Leaves
               ,
               the
               Agreeableness
               of
               their
               Shape
               ,
               Plenty
               ,
               and
               Perfume
               of
               their
               Flowers
               ;
               and
               ,
               in
               a
               word
               ,
               the
               Beauty
               ,
               Goodness
               ,
               and
               Durableness
               of
               their
               Fruit
               ;
               so
               as
               I
               must
               acknowledge
               there
               is
               no
               Man
               more
               charm'd
               with
               them
               than
               my self
               .
            
             
               In
               Favour
               therefore
               of
               such
               whose
               Inclinations
               I
               find
               so
               general
               for
               these
               Trees
               ,
               I
               take
               a
               third
               Party
               totally
               opposite
               to
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               these
               Mystery-Men
               ,
               and
               do
               declare
               ,
               that
               ,
               after
               a
               long
               and
               ample
               Examination
               ,
               there
               seems
               nothing
               in
               the
               whole
               Art
               of
               Gardning
               so
               easie
               ,
               and
               little
               difficult
               ,
               as
               the
               Culture
               of
               Orange
               Trees
               ,
               be
               it
               either
               the
               raising
               them
               from
               their
               first
               Principles
               ,
               the
               governing
               them
               afterwards
               ,
               and
               maintaining
               them
               in
               good
               Condition
               ,
               when
               once
               they
               have
               been
               set
               ;
               there
               being
               only
               the
               Recovery
               of
               those
               that
               are
               sick
               ,
               of
               any
               Difficulty
               ;
               notwithstanding
               all
               which
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               one
               may
               (
               according
               to
               every
               Man's
               Ability
               ,
               )
               resolve
               to
               store
               ones
               self
               with
               Orange-Trees
               ,
               provided
               one
               have
               an
               able
               Gard'ner
               ,
               and
               a
               good
               Green-House
               ,
               without
               which
               ,
               indeed
               ,
               I
               would
               advise
               none
               to
               enter
               upon
               this
               Curiosity
               ;
               for
               ,
               certain
               I
               am
               ,
               the
               
                 Orangist
                 Gard'ner
              
               is
               absolutely
               guilty
               ,
               and
               to
               blame
               ,
               either
               through
               gross
               Ignorance
               ,
               Laziness
               ,
               want
               of
               Diligence
               ,
               Application
               ,
               or
               over-fondness
               to
               his
               mysterious
               Fancies
               ,
               if
               his
               Orange-Trees
               do
               not
               thrive
               ;
               provided
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               that
               his
               Green-House
               be
               not
               faulty
               ,
               nor
               the
               Earth
               and
               Mould
               in
               which
               they
               are
               planted
               ;
               or
               that
               the
               Head
               of
               the
               Tree
               be
               not
               disproportionate
               to
               the
               Root
               ,
               or
               there
               be
               some
               defect
               in
               the
               Casing
               ,
               which
               may
               perhaps
               be
               ill
               made
               ,
               or
               not
               in
               fit
               Season
               ,
               or
               ,
               especially
               ,
               by
               over-watering
               ,
               and
               the
               too
               much
               use
               of
               Fire
               during
               Winter
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               at
               all
               needful
               ,
               or
               of
               Water
               during
               Summer
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               given
               with
               great
               Moderation
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               ,
               in
               the
               next
               place
               (
               after
               I
               have
               declared
               what
               my
               Opinion
               in
               general
               is
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               easie
               Culture
               of
               
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
              
               )
               explain
               ,
               what
               Conditions
               are
               required
               in
               a
               good
               Green-House
               :
               This
               easie
               Culture
               ,
               which
               I
               speak
               of
               ,
               I
               know
               does
               not
               please
               many
               of
               our
               Doctor
               Orangists
               :
               They
               'll
               tell
               ye
               ,
               that
               both
               those
               who
               believe
               it
               ,
               and
               those
               who
               publish
               it
               ,
               do
               not
               themselves
               understand
               it
               :
               However
               ,
               without
               being
               in
               the
               least
               discourag'd
               with
               what
               they
               say
               ,
               I
               shall
               adventure
               to
               declare
               my
               Opinion
               upon
               this
               Matter
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               TREATISE
               Of
               the
               CULTURE
               of
               ORANGE-TREES
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   easie
                   Culture
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 what
                 I
                 undertake
                 to
                 prove
                 in
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 I
                 advance
                 Five
                 Propositions
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 hold
                 for
                 indubitable
                 :
                 The
                 First
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 have
                 hardly
                 any
                 Plants
                 or
                 Trees
                 which
                 take
                 Root
                 so
                 easily
                 :
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 's
                 none
                 which
                 so
                 naturally
                 agree
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 :
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 That
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 lasting
                 and
                 longaevous
                 Trees
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 Fourth
                 Place
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 none
                 less
                 obnoxious
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 Infirmities
                 :
                 And
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 None
                 that
                 have
                 so
                 few
                 particular
                 Enemies
                 as
                 Orange-Trees
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Tons
                 ,
                 which
                 kill
                 our
                 Strawberry-Plants
                 at
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Caterpillar
                 ,
                 which
                 spoil
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 the
                 Canker-worm
                 that
                 cuts
                 them
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Ground
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Field
                   Mice
                   ,
                   little
                   Flies
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Gnats
                 ,
                 which
                 destroy
                 our
                 Artichoaks
                 :
                 The
                 
                   Gumm
                   ,
                   Pismires
                   ,
                   small
                   Fleas
                   ,
                
                 that
                 ruine
                 Peach-Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Tyger-bob
                 which
                 ravage
                 the
                 Pear-Trees
                 ;
                 all
                 these
                 afflicting
                 Accidents
                 attacquing
                 our
                 Melons
                 ,
                 and
                 invading
                 all
                 our
                 Olitory
                 and
                 Kitchin-Garden
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 are
                 what
                 we
                 may
                 truly
                 reckon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Gard'ning
                 in
                 general
                 ;
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 redoubtable
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 invincible
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 consequence
                 ,
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Times
                 more
                 dangerous
                 than
                 any
                 others
                 whatsoever
                 that
                 menace
                 our
                 Orange-Trees
                 :
                 Some
                 Foes
                 I
                 confess
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 they
                 altogether
                 exempt
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 Plant
                 which
                 is
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 therefore
                 examine
                 them
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 prescribe
                 such
                 Remedies
                 as
                 are
                 proper
                 for
                 their
                 Cure
                 and
                 Preservation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 particular
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 are
                 the
                 Pismires
                 ,
                 the
                 Punaise
                 or
                 
                   Bug
                   ,
                   Ear-wigs
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 Mischief
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 is
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 Mortal
                 :
                 There
                 's
                 nothing
                 more
                 easie
                 than
                 a
                 Defensive
                 War
                 against
                 their
                 rudest
                 Insults
                 ;
                 for
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Ants
                 and
                 Pismires
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 come
                 upon
                 Trees
                 in
                 whole
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 gnaw
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 they
                 rarely
                 invade
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 save
                 when
                 baited
                 and
                 intic'd
                 by
                 Bug-Eggs
                 :
                 This
                 filthy
                 Spawn
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 Orangists
                 well
                 know
                 without
                 need
                 of
                 much
                 Description
                 )
                 can
                 prejudice
                 them
                 no
                 further
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Tree
                 look
                 all
                 over
                 soul
                 ,
                 squalid
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 so
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 as
                 a
                 Tree
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 whose
                 principle
                 Beauty
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Neatness
                 and
                 Cleanness
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 its
                 Boughs
                 as
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Filth
                 is
                 bred
                 by
                 certain
                 winged
                 Mother-Insects
                 ,
                 but
                 too
                 well
                 known
                 by
                 their
                 green
                 Colour
                 ,
                 and
                 nasty
                 Smell
                 ,
                 proceeding
                 from
                 their
                 Bodies
                 being
                 bruised
                 :
                 They
                 lay
                 their
                 Spawn
                 in
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 do
                 the
                 Silk-worms
                 ,
                 and
                 wind
                 their
                 Bags
                 especially
                 about
                 the
                 dry
                 and
                 withered
                 Twigs
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 foul
                 and
                 rumpled
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 one
                 would
                 take
                 them
                 at
                 first
                 but
                 for
                 little
                 reddish
                 Frecles
                 and
                 Spots
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 no
                 sooner
                 appear
                 on
                 a
                 Tree
                 (
                 how
                 few
                 soever
                 they
                 are
                 )
                 but
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Summer
                 following
                 ,
                 makes
                 them
                 grow
                 ,
                 extend
                 ,
                 and
                 swell
                 ,
                 'till
                 they
                 become
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 Lentil
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 hatch
                 and
                 multiply
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Autumn
                 again
                 produce
                 infinite
                 Numbers
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 these
                 Nests
                 are
                 neither
                 errant
                 ,
                 fugitive
                 ,
                 or
                 volatile
                 ,
                 one
                 easily
                 spies
                 where
                 they
                 fasten
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 as
                 easily
                 take
                 them
                 away
                 ,
                 so
                 one
                 begin
                 the
                 Work
                 betimes
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 when
                 first
                 you
                 bring
                 the
                 Trees
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 :
                 These
                 
                 pull'd
                 off
                 with
                 your
                 Fingers
                 ,
                 or
                 cleansed
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Brush
                 ,
                 you
                 'll
                 immediately
                 be
                 secured
                 from
                 the
                 Pismires
                 ,
                 which
                 give
                 over
                 their
                 Hostility
                 against
                 Orange-Trees
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 Bugs
                 are
                 gone
                 .
              
               
                 Earwigs
                 ,
                 those
                 little
                 ,
                 long
                 ,
                 reddish
                 ,
                 nimble
                 Insects
                 ,
                 that
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 invade
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 (
                 sharing
                 both
                 Flowers
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 marring
                 their
                 prime
                 
                   Beauty
                   .
                
                 )
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 destroy'd
                 as
                 those
                 we
                 newly
                 mentioned
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 the
                 Mischief
                 is
                 not
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 reaches
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 happens
                 but
                 seldom
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 ways
                 enough
                 to
                 prevent
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 by
                 sticking
                 up
                 Caps
                 of
                 Paper
                 ,
                 and
                 Neat-hoofs
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 of
                 each
                 Tree
                 :
                 These
                 pernicious
                 small
                 Insects
                 ,
                 that
                 go
                 out
                 to
                 forage
                 during
                 Night
                 only
                 ,
                 you
                 'll
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 in
                 their
                 Retreat
                 and
                 hiding-Places
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 Day
                 ,
                 when
                 visiting
                 the
                 Hoods
                 and
                 Hoofes
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 crush
                 them
                 under
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 ease
                 dispatch
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 Expedient
                 is
                 by
                 Vessels
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 Wood
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 or
                 Copper
                 made
                 square
                 ,
                 or
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 hollow
                 ;
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 two
                 Fashions
                 ;
                 one
                 whereof
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 about
                 the
                 Stem
                 of
                 every
                 Tree
                 ;
                 the
                 others
                 under
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 Feet
                 of
                 each
                 Case
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 Stem
                 or
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 are
                 composed
                 of
                 two
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 glew'd
                 or
                 cemented
                 together
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 plac'd
                 about
                 the
                 Stem
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 accurately
                 close
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 hold
                 the
                 Water
                 you
                 pour
                 into
                 it
                 :
                 The
                 others
                 consist
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 Piece
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 under
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Water
                 like
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 are
                 an
                 invincible
                 Obstacle
                 against
                 Earwigs
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 no
                 good
                 Swimmers
                 ,
                 will
                 hardly
                 attempt
                 the
                 Liquid
                 Passage
                 .
                 Thus
                 are
                 Orange-Trees
                 intirely
                 safe
                 from
                 Desolation
                 by
                 Earwigs
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Vessels
                 are
                 likewise
                 Protection
                 against
                 Pismires
                 ;
                 should
                 there
                 any
                 be
                 so
                 bold
                 to
                 adventure
                 the
                 Traject
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 over
                 to
                 these
                 beautiful
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 perhaps
                 will
                 try
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 of
                 that
                 Bug-Spawn
                 which
                 so
                 powerfully
                 attracts
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 besides
                 these
                 mischievous
                 Minute
                 Creatures
                 (
                 against
                 which
                 Orange-Trees
                 require
                 Defence
                 )
                 several
                 other
                 great
                 and
                 sore
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 (
                 in
                 common
                 with
                 all
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 )
                 are
                 obnoxious
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 stand
                 abroad
                 and
                 are
                 exposed
                 :
                 As
                 namely
                 ,
                 impetuous
                 Winds
                 ,
                 white
                 and
                 pretty
                 hard
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 great
                 Hails
                 ;
                 but
                 since
                 such
                 Calamities
                 happen
                 rarely
                 ,
                 a
                 Gard'ner
                 so
                 surpriz'd
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 extreamly
                 pitied
                 ,
                 than
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 blam'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 Hail
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 Mischief
                 which
                 comes
                 like
                 a
                 Ruine
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 no
                 Fore-sight
                 can
                 well
                 prevent
                 ,
                 be
                 one's
                 Carenever
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 no
                 Remedy
                 but
                 Patience
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Danger
                 of
                 Winds
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 for
                 most
                 part
                 are
                 those
                 between
                 the
                 West
                 and
                 South
                 ,
                 seldom
                 blowing
                 before
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ;
                 they
                 give
                 fair
                 Warning
                 to
                 Remove
                 Orange-Trees
                 to
                 some
                 place
                 of
                 Shelter
                 from
                 their
                 Fury
                 ;
                 be
                 it
                 in
                 some
                 House
                 ,
                 or
                 under
                 Protection
                 of
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 or
                 Grove
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 so
                 plac'd
                 and
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Weather
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 may
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Comfort
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 Concerning
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 we
                 seldom
                 bring
                 Orange-Trees
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 'till
                 it
                 be
                 towards
                 Mid-May
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 shut
                 them
                 up
                 again
                 about
                 the
                 Middle
                 of
                 October
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 Times
                 when
                 these
                 Trees
                 are
                 safe
                 ,
                 and
                 sufficiently
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 reach
                 :
                 These
                 kind
                 of
                 Spring
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 which
                 came
                 in
                 the
                 tail
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 usually
                 end
                 about
                 Mid-May
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Season
                 praedicting
                 their
                 fierce
                 Return
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 come
                 at
                 Mid-October
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 small
                 White
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 times
                 continue
                 till
                 half
                 May
                 is
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 appear
                 again
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 no
                 considerable
                 Damage
                 to
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 Sound
                 and
                 in
                 Health
                 :
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 the
                 Sick
                 and
                 Crazy
                 may
                 suffer
                 and
                 receive
                 Prejudice
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 general
                 Tenderness
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 done
                 if
                 strong
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 well
                 govern'd
                 ,
                 and
                 treated
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 therefore
                 ,
                 being
                 sufficiently
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 we
                 discourse
                 of
                 ,
                 does
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 so
                 entirely
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 being
                 provided
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 well-qualified
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 whoever
                 pretends
                 to
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 is
                 never
                 to
                 expect
                 any
                 tolerable
                 Success
                 and
                 Contentment
                 ,
                 without
                 beginning
                 with
                 this
                 necessary
                 Precaution
                 :
                 It
                 follows
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 we
                 proceed
                 any
                 farther
                 in
                 explaining
                 what
                 more
                 belongs
                 to
                 their
                 Culture
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 the
                 Green-House
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 Thing
                 we
                 ought
                 next
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Importance
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Conditions
                   of
                   a
                   good
                   Green-House
                   .
                
              
               
                 TO
                 the
                 having
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 condition'd
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 Five
                 principal
                 Qualities
                 requisite
                 :
                 The
                 First
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 plac'd
                 and
                 expos'd
                 :
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 have
                 sufficient
                 Openings
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 and
                 guarded
                 with
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 shutting
                 them
                 up
                 close
                 when
                 the
                 Season
                 requires
                 it
                 :
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Walls
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 substantially
                 built
                 :
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 cover'd
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Floor
                 be
                 laid
                 even
                 and
                 firm
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 examine
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 Conditions
                 in
                 particular
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 touching
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 universally
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Meridian
                 Exposure
                 and
                 Situation
                 is
                 absolutely
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Sun
                 from
                 the
                 Hour
                 of
                 Ten
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 ,
                 'till
                 it
                 sets
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 almost
                 ready
                 to
                 go
                 down
                 .
                 The
                 Eastern
                 Situation
                 ,
                 which
                 receives
                 the
                 Sun
                 from
                 its
                 Rising
                 till
                 Noon
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 ,
                 is
                 also
                 very
                 good
                 .
                 That
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 which
                 enjoys
                 the
                 Sun
                 but
                 from
                 Noon
                 to
                 the
                 Evening
                 ,
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 ;
                 whil'st
                 the
                 North
                 is
                 very
                 pernicious
                 and
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 as
                 hardly
                 seeing
                 the
                 Sun
                 at
                 all
                 either
                 Morning
                 or
                 Afternoon
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Property
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 have
                 fair
                 Openings
                 ;
                 requires
                 that
                 the
                 Doors
                 and
                 Shutters
                 be
                 so
                 made
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 may
                 easily
                 pass
                 thro'
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Windows
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 as
                 almost
                 to
                 touch
                 the
                 Timbers
                 which
                 support
                 the
                 Cieling
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 commonly
                 about
                 three
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Foot
                 in
                 breadth
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 having
                 occasion
                 to
                 open
                 them
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 (
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 )
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 shines
                 invitingly
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 may
                 receive
                 the
                 Warmth
                 and
                 Comfort
                 of
                 his
                 Beams
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 case
                 any
                 Moisture
                 remain
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 dried
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Virtue
                 of
                 this
                 bright
                 Planet
                 :
                 These
                 Windows
                 should
                 also
                 be
                 fitted
                 within
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 ,
                 with
                 Chassis
                 of
                 doubled
                 Paper
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 by
                 glewing
                 the
                 Sheets
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Frame
                 ;
                 and
                 without
                 this
                 ,
                 another
                 Chassis
                 of
                 Glass
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 other
                 Shutters
                 of
                 Wood
                 ,
                 they
                 signifie
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 nothing
                 comparable
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 accurately
                 stopp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 cauk'd
                 during
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 to
                 seclude
                 and
                 keep
                 out
                 all
                 access
                 of
                 the
                 cold
                 Air
                 from
                 penetrating
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 infallibly
                 chill
                 and
                 abate
                 the
                 warm
                 and
                 comfortable
                 Temper
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 received
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Windows
                 were
                 lately
                 open'd
                 upon
                 those
                 fair
                 Days
                 we
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 would
                 not
                 preserve
                 their
                 good
                 Looks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Third
                 Place
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 (
                 those
                 especially
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 of
                 good
                 Free-stone
                 and
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 Chalk
                 and
                 Sand
                 (
                 which
                 doubtless
                 is
                 best
                 )
                 or
                 of
                 Plaster
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 worst
                 )
                 provided
                 the
                 Walls
                 be
                 so
                 carefully
                 wrought
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 joynted
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Crevices
                 or
                 void
                 Places
                 left
                 between
                 the
                 Stones
                 :
                 Where
                 Stones
                 are
                 not
                 easily
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 built
                 of
                 Loame
                 ,
                 tempered
                 ,
                 and
                 mingled
                 with
                 Straw
                 or
                 Hay
                 ;
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 Cloison
                 made
                 of
                 Boards
                 well
                 Rabetted
                 ,
                 filling
                 the
                 void
                 between
                 with
                 Earth
                 or
                 *
                 Sand
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 Partitions
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 two
                 Foot
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 in
                 thickness
                 :
                 Happy
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 are
                 they
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 have
                 some
                 other
                 Building
                 ,
                 dry
                 Bank
                 ,
                 or
                 Grove
                 of
                 tall
                 Trees
                 to
                 bask
                 it
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 !
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Since
                 both
                 the
                 Cold
                 and
                 Wet
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 insinuate
                 and
                 get
                 in
                 through
                 the
                 Roof
                 and
                 Covering
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 through
                 the
                 Sides
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 :
                 The
                 Cieling
                 and
                 Floor
                 above
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 thickness
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 ,
                 be
                 clad
                 in
                 Winter
                 with
                 a
                 Thatch
                 of
                 Hay
                 or
                 Straw
                 ,
                 unless
                 there
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Room
                 or
                 Lodging
                 over
                 Head
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 Gallery
                 ,
                 whose
                 Windows
                 also
                 must
                 be
                 kept
                 very
                 close
                 shut
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 cold
                 Weather
                 continues
                 :
                 Or
                 ,
                 except
                 at
                 least
                 it
                 be
                 substantially
                 vaulted
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 store
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 Material
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 describ'd
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 Lower
                 Floor
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 (
                 which
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 be
                 too
                 dry
                 )
                 should
                 methinks
                 ,
                 be
                 laid
                 a
                 little
                 higher
                 than
                 the
                 Area
                 or
                 Walk
                 without
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 even
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 much
                 lower
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 Dampness
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 pernicious
                 than
                 the
                 Cold
                 it self
                 ;
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 there
                 's
                 hardly
                 any
                 Remedy
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
               
                 Those
                 who
                 have
                 not
                 heard
                 what
                 I
                 formerly
                 objected
                 against
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 sometimes
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 )
                 will
                 presently
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 whilst
                 I
                 discourse
                 of
                 Remedies
                 against
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 Fire
                 of
                 Charcoal
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 commonly
                 make
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 nothing
                 less
                 ,
                 seeing
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 Opinion
                 and
                 abundantly
                 Convinc'd
                 ,
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 Fuel
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Exitial
                 ,
                 and
                 hurtful
                 to
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 than
                 either
                 cold
                 or
                 wet
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 pretend
                 to
                 prove
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 then
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 Floor
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 to
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 well
                 beaten
                 ,
                 hard
                 and
                 compacted
                 
                 Salpeter'd-Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 Plaster
                 ;
                 or
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 all
                 ,
                 a
                 Floor
                 of
                 well
                 lay'd
                 Planks
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 
              
               
                 By
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Floor
                 ,
                 it
                 needs
                 must
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 Cellars
                 ,
                 and
                 Vaults
                 are
                 very
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   Lemons
                   ,
                   Jessimines
                   ,
                   Myrtles
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 as
                 generally
                 to
                 all
                 Cas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Impotted
                   Shrubs
                
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 such
                 low
                 Subterraneous
                 places
                 are
                 commonly
                 damp
                 and
                 moist
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 reach
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 from
                 receiving
                 any
                 comfort
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 without
                 whose
                 influence
                 ,
                 no
                 Green-House
                 can
                 be
                 fitly
                 qualified
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 breadth
                 and
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 within
                 side
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 desirable
                 it
                 should
                 exceed
                 Twenty-four
                 Feet
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 might
                 well
                 be
                 made
                 from
                 Thirty
                 to
                 Thirty-six
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 ,
                 nor
                 would
                 the
                 House
                 be
                 much
                 the
                 worse
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 height
                 be
                 withal
                 proportionable
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dry
                 ,
                 as
                 neither
                 Cold
                 ,
                 nor
                 Wet
                 get
                 entrance
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 the
                 Sun
                 beams
                 immediately
                 darting
                 on
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 essentially
                 salutary
                 and
                 propitious
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 seeing
                 they
                 seldom
                 visit
                 the
                 foliage
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 interior
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 branches
                 ,
                 and
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 how
                 ever
                 advantagiously
                 expos'd
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 those
                 Rays
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 shine
                 into
                 the
                 whole
                 Capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 that
                 dispel
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 this
                 humidity
                 from
                 settling
                 and
                 doing
                 the
                 mischief
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 having
                 Establish'd
                 for
                 a
                 general
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 that
                 supposing
                 one
                 is
                 well
                 provided
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 fair
                 ,
                 and
                 excellent
                 Orange-Trees
                 .
                 I
                 next
                 come
                 to
                 explain
                 more
                 particularly
                 ,
                 what
                 my
                 Opinion
                 is
                 of
                 their
                 Culture
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   several
                   parts
                   belonging
                   to
                   the
                   Culture
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 TO
                 speak
                 of
                 this
                 as
                 Intelligibly
                 as
                 is
                 possible
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 there
                 are
                 five
                 Articles
                 to
                 be
                 consider'd
                 ;
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 great
                 Instruction
                 to
                 the
                 newly
                 Curious
                 :
                 Those
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 altogether
                 Strangers
                 to
                 these
                 Matters
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 desirous
                 to
                 Learn
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 First
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 Important
                 for
                 the
                 removing
                 of
                 many
                 Scruples
                 is
                 about
                 the
                 Composition
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 Mould
                 ,
                 most
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 such
                 Orange-Trees
                 as
                 we
                 Plant
                 in
                 Pots
                 or
                 Cases
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 ,
                 treats
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Raising
                 them
                 from
                 Seed
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 how
                 to
                 Graft
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 more
                 especially
                 ,
                 what
                 there
                 's
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 Trees
                 of
                 great
                 ,
                 or
                 lesser
                 Growth
                 ,
                 newly
                 brought
                 from
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 whether
                 naked
                 ,
                 strip'd
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Clod
                 ,
                 or
                 Earth
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 (
                 like
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 )
                 or
                 whether
                 with
                 their
                 Leaves
                 on
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 When
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 receiving
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 we
                 would
                 Impot
                 or
                 Case
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Article
                 ,
                 directs
                 the
                 shape
                 ,
                 and
                 bigness
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 to
                 be
                 us'd
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 about
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 and
                 Roots
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 new
                 Cased
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 doing
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 two
                 Essential
                 points
                 in
                 this
                 Culture
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 Rules
                 concerning
                 Watering
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fourth
                 Article
                 ,
                 shews
                 how
                 to
                 dress
                 and
                 fashion
                 the
                 heads
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 Recover
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 long
                 neglected
                 ,
                 or
                 ill
                 treated
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 suffer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Frost
                 ,
                 or
                 humidity
                 of
                 Winter
                 ;
                 or
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 would
                 have
                 handsom
                 Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 should
                 always
                 maintain
                 their
                 beautiful
                 Figure
                 in
                 health
                 and
                 vigour
                 ,
                 without
                 losing
                 their
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fifth
                 concerns
                 the
                 Necessary
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 in
                 which
                 Orange-Trees
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 )
                 what
                 time
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 carried
                 in
                 ,
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 again
                 
                 abroad
                 .
                 It
                 also
                 shews
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 during
                 six
                 or
                 seven
                 Months
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 thus
                 Confin'd
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 particular
                 say
                 what
                 I
                 think
                 concerning
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 divers
                 People
                 kindle
                 in
                 their
                 Green-Houses
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                  
                   Composition
                   and
                   Mixture
                   of
                   Earths
                   ,
                   
                     proper
                     for
                     the
                  
                   In-Casing
                   Orange
                   ,
                   and
                   Lemon-Trees
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 SINCE
                 Orange
                 ,
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 ,
                 are
                 Strangers
                 among
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 come
                 Artificially
                 into
                 Climates
                 subject
                 to
                 rigorous
                 Winters
                 ;
                 as
                 here
                 in
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Northern
                 Countries
                 ,
                 whereas
                 they
                 grow
                 Spontaneously
                 and
                 Naturally
                 in
                 warmer
                 places
                 .
                 It
                 makes
                 some
                 to
                 fancy
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 may
                 partly
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 defect
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 that
                 's
                 us'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Air
                 we
                 breathe
                 in
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 these
                 Trees
                 to
                 undergo
                 some
                 inconvenience
                 here
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 every
                 Gard'ner
                 makes
                 a
                 wondrous
                 Mystery
                 ,
                 forsooth
                 ,
                 of
                 certain
                 peculiar
                 Compositions
                 of
                 Earths
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 various
                 Contests
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 different
                 Opinions
                 .
                 For
                 ,
              
               
                 Some
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 main
                 Importance
                 of
                 the
                 Mixture
                 ,
                 to
                 consist
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Plurality
                 of
                 Ingredients
                 (
                 especially
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 hard
                 to
                 come
                 by
                 )
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Doses
                 :
                 Others
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 frequent
                 removing
                 and
                 stirring
                 the
                 Mould
                 ,
                 so
                 blended
                 together
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 conceive
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 unprofitable
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 no
                 effect
                 .
                 There
                 be
                 others
                 ,
                 who
                 stand
                 much
                 upon
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 Age
                 of
                 the
                 Composition
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 longest
                 made
                 and
                 prepared
                 ,
                 is
                 best
                 :
                 Some
                 again
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 most
                 been
                 stirr'd
                 .
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 make
                 chiefest
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 lighter
                 Ingredients
                 for
                 their
                 Mixture
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 Sifted
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 Powder
                 ,
                 The
                 Marc
                 of
                 
                   Wine
                   ,
                   Earth
                
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Hot-bed
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 should
                 never
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 should
                 I
                 speak
                 particularly
                 to
                 every
                 
                   Orangist's
                   Conceit
                
                 upon
                 this
                 Subject
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 hardly
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 pretends
                 to
                 some
                 rare
                 ,
                 and
                 peculiar
                 Secret
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 body
                 has
                 save
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 impart
                 to
                 another
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 I
                 'll
                 suppose
                 they
                 all
                 have
                 reason
                 to
                 be
                 satisfied
                 with
                 their
                 manner
                 of
                 proceeding
                 ,
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 for
                 me
                 to
                 contradict
                 them
                 ,
                 none
                 ever
                 heard
                 me
                 Censure
                 them
                 for
                 it
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 my
                 own
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 think
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 a
                 Method
                 Easie
                 and
                 Simple
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 appears
                 to
                 me
                 very
                 conformable
                 to
                 the
                 general
                 Course
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 and
                 particular
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 under
                 consideration
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 explain
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 them
                 see
                 with
                 what
                 Success
                 I
                 have
                 long
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 effectually
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 ,
                 divers
                 other
                 Worthy
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 thought
                 good
                 to
                 pursue
                 my
                 Method
                 for
                 their
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 who
                 shall
                 be
                 my
                 Vouchers
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 before
                 I
                 enter
                 far
                 on
                 this
                 Explication
                 ,
                 I
                 declare
                 again
                 (
                 once
                 for
                 all
                 )
                 that
                 whatever
                 the
                 Earth
                 produces
                 ,
                 be
                 they
                 Plants
                 ,
                 or
                 Trees
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Culture
                 ,
                 their
                 Complexion
                 and
                 Constitution
                 )
                 more
                 Easie
                 ,
                 Tractable
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 Accommodant
                 ,
                 than
                 are
                 Orange
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 ;
                 the
                 different
                 manners
                 they
                 are
                 Govern'd
                 by
                 ,
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 visibly
                 justifie
                 it
                 .
                 One
                 may
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 fitly
                 resemble
                 them
                 to
                 those
                 Healthy
                 ,
                 and
                 Vigorous
                 Youths
                 ,
                 who
                 Abandoning
                 themselves
                 to
                 Debauchery
                 ,
                 and
                 disorderly
                 Courses
                 ,
                 their
                 Juvenile
                 strength
                 does
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 often
                 Repair
                 the
                 breaches
                 of
                 their
                 irregular
                 Lives
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 lasts
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Young
                 Person
                 ,
                 accustoming
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 must
                 absolutely
                 destroy
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 extreamly
                 alter
                 ,
                 and
                 impair
                 it
                 s
                 Robust
                 Composure
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 just
                 so
                 with
                 our
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Naturally
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 lively
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 by
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 Repair
                 whatever
                 Nourishment
                 (
                 though
                 little
                 agreeable
                 to
                 their
                 kind
                 )
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 corrupt
                 and
                 spoil
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 with
                 these
                 Trees
                 as
                 with
                 certain
                 other
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 will
                 thrive
                 and
                 live
                 no
                 where
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 and
                 light
                 Soil
                 ;
                 others
                 ,
                 save
                 in
                 the
                 Fat
                 and
                 Moist
                 ,
                 whereas
                 Orange-Trees
                 live
                 in
                 either
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 thrive
                 so
                 well
                 in
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 I
                 would
                 especially
                 recommend
                 to
                 Observation
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Culture
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 )
                 are
                 but
                 strangers
                 to
                 our
                 Climate
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 good
                 Notice
                 out
                 of
                 what
                 sort
                 of
                 Earth
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 Naturally
                 grow
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 endeavour
                 to
                 Replant
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 as
                 near
                 as
                 one
                 can
                 guess
                 :
                 By
                 this
                 Inquiry
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 that
                 they
                 most
                 Naturally
                 thrive
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 grow
                 to
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 in
                 Strong
                 ,
                 Fat
                 ,
                 and
                 Heavy
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 were
                 convenient
                 ,
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 should
                 ever
                 imitate
                 Nature
                 )
                 to
                 prepare
                 Mould
                 that
                 were
                 accordingly
                 Rich
                 and
                 Weighty
                 :
                 But
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 these
                 Trees
                 ,
                 being
                 set
                 in
                 Cases
                 ,
                 this
                 heavy
                 Fat
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 Nourish
                 them
                 (
                 without
                 receiving
                 any
                 Assistance
                 from
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Mould
                 )
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 grow
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 hard
                 almost
                 as
                 a
                 Stone
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 becoming
                 unfit
                 for
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 the
                 Roots
                 cannot
                 spread
                 and
                 extend
                 themselves
                 ,
                 without
                 Administring
                 some
                 Succour
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 follows
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Necessity
                 we
                 not
                 only
                 afford
                 them
                 due
                 Watering
                 and
                 Refreshment
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 universally
                 penetrate
                 throughout
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 some
                 means
                 must
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Earth
                 be
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 industriously
                 stirr'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 loose
                 ,
                 to
                 correct
                 its
                 Natural
                 Sluggishness
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 you
                 'll
                 presently
                 Object
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 dull
                 and
                 heavy
                 Material
                 I
                 so
                 commend
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 looks
                 but
                 obliquely
                 upon
                 us
                 ,
                 cannot
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 effects
                 as
                 it
                 has
                 in
                 those
                 Climates
                 where
                 it
                 Darts
                 its
                 Beams
                 more
                 directly
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Common
                 Objection
                 of
                 our
                 Orangists
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 reply
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 every
                 body
                 sees
                 (
                 and
                 is
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 daily
                 Experience
                 )
                 the
                 Heat
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 here
                 during
                 the
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Months
                 in
                 which
                 our
                 Orange-Trees
                 are
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 great
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 Live
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 vigour
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Cas'd-Mould
                 being
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 visited
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 receives
                 the
                 Impressions
                 of
                 its
                 Heat
                 almost
                 as
                 freely
                 ,
                 as
                 what
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 wide
                 and
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 enjoys
                 its
                 Beams
                 on
                 the
                 Superficies
                 only
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Earth
                 being
                 thus
                 made
                 loose
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 ponderous
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 this
                 Expedient
                 render'd
                 easie
                 and
                 compliant
                 for
                 the
                 Roots
                 to
                 spread
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Water
                 to
                 penetrate
                 and
                 refresh
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 entertain
                 the
                 impressions
                 of
                 the
                 warmth
                 which
                 it
                 requires
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 we
                 render
                 it
                 capable
                 of
                 receiving
                 that
                 by
                 our
                 Art
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 superfluous
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 hotter
                 Countries
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 Foundation
                 and
                 Reason
                 (
                 be
                 it
                 in
                 what
                 Country
                 soever
                 )
                 I
                 endeavour
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 natural
                 Common
                 -
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 least
                 Stony
                 that
                 I
                 can
                 light
                 upon
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Mould
                 which
                 has
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 pretty
                 solid
                 ;
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 Clay
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 look
                 on
                 as
                 Dead
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plants
                 seem
                 naturally
                 to
                 delight
                 in
                 by
                 their
                 growth
                 and
                 thriving
                 .
                 Nor
                 am
                 I
                 much
                 concern'd
                 what
                 colour
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 ,
                 though
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sight
                 ,
                 the
                 blacker
                 be
                 most
                 agreeable
                 and
                 approv'd
                 of
                 .
                 For
                 Example
                 ,
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 proper
                 for
                 Hemp
                 ,
                 good
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 or
                 Pasture-Ground
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 an
                 High-way
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 lying
                 low
                 ,
                 it
                 receives
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 Drainings
                 of
                 some
                 higher
                 rich
                 Ground
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 Earth
                 I
                 take
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 need
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 farther
                 trouble
                 of
                 preferring
                 that
                 which
                 lies
                 uppermost
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 which
                 indeed
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 most
                 Mens
                 Opinions
                 )
                 I
                 rather
                 choose
                 that
                 which
                 lies
                 undermost
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 quality
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 above
                 it
                 ,
                 ever
                 seeking
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 freshest
                 ;
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 haply
                 never
                 saw
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 has
                 never
                 yet
                 served
                 to
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 any
                 Plant
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 presum'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 retains
                 in
                 it
                 all
                 its
                 Original
                 Salts
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 likewise
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 upper
                 ,
                 and
                 Incumbent
                 Ground
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 drain
                 ,
                 contributes
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 visiting
                 the
                 Folds
                 ,
                 I
                 procure
                 dry
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 ,
                 reduc'd
                 almost
                 to
                 Powder
                 ;
                 (
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 in
                 almost
                 every
                 Country
                 )
                 or
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 I
                 seek
                 for
                 Soil
                 where
                 Sheep
                 have
                 formerly
                 been
                 pent
                 ;
                 than
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 better
                 and
                 more
                 Soveraign
                 for
                 the
                 Trees
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 defect
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 use
                 either
                 the
                 Mould
                 of
                 well-rotted
                 Leaves
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Hot-Bed
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 over
                 Sob'd
                 and
                 Water'd
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 medling
                 with
                 the
                 Marc
                 ,
                 and
                 Husks
                 of
                 Grapes
                 for
                 Reasons
                 I
                 shall
                 alledge
                 hereafter
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 above
                 )
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Mould
                 which
                 I
                 prepare
                 ,
                 weighty
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 so
                 loose
                 withal
                 ,
                 as
                 w●ilst
                 it
                 being
                 solid
                 and
                 material
                 ,
                 it
                 ●ail
                 not
                 of
                 producing
                 good
                 and
                 substantial
                 Roots
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 do
                 in
                 lighter
                 Earth
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 thus
                 loosen'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 and
                 Refreshments
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 warmth
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 penetrate
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 possibly
                 it
                 could
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 altother
                 Constipat
                 and
                 over-heavy
                 .
                 Considering
                 then
                 ,
                 how
                 many
                 Trees
                 I
                 have
                 to
                 In-Case
                 ,
                 I
                 accordingly
                 order
                 my
                 Composition
                 ,
                 by
                 taking
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 that
                 Natural
                 Earth
                 which
                 I
                 find
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 gives
                 it
                 that
                 weight
                 ,
                 ●nd
                 solidness
                 which
                 I
                 judge
                 convenient
                 )
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 half
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 compose
                 of
                 Powder'd
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 can
                 p●ocure
                 enough
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 of
                 those
                 other
                 Ingredients
                 I
                 before
                 have
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Mould
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 
                   Melon
                   〈…〉
                   d
                
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 
                   Rott●d
                   Leaves
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 in
                 almost
                 equal
                 Portions
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 
                 half
                 of
                 my
                 Mixture
                 ,
                 and
                 imparts
                 to
                 it
                 that
                 lightness
                 which
                 I
                 desire
                 .
                 All
                 this
                 do
                 I
                 mingle
                 together
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 day
                 I
                 have
                 occasion
                 for
                 it
                 (
                 if
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 dispatch
                 it
                 some
                 days
                 before
                 )
                 not
                 thinking
                 it
                 at
                 all
                 necessary
                 to
                 have
                 prepar'd
                 it
                 much
                 sooner
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 induces
                 me
                 is
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 Particle
                 of
                 Earth
                 contains
                 evidently
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 its
                 peculiar
                 
                   Vegetative
                   Salt.
                
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 That
                 no
                 Grain
                 ,
                 or
                 Particle
                 of
                 Earth
                 does
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 another
                 Grain
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 into
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 only
                 common
                 Water
                 does
                 ,
                 which
                 drenching
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 the
                 borrow'd
                 Earth
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 receives
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 charged
                 with
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 Water
                 so
                 Impregnated
                 ,
                 and
                 Season'd
                 with
                 the
                 Salts
                 of
                 those
                 good
                 Earths
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 often
                 noted
                 )
                 administers
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 that
                 Food
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 which
                 forms
                 their
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 affirm
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 so
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Earths
                 (
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 Water
                 has
                 drain'd
                 )
                 renders
                 them
                 more
                 Fruitful
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 less
                 Diluted
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 it
                 follows
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 staleness
                 and
                 oldness
                 of
                 the
                 Composition
                 ,
                 signifies
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 its
                 Melioration
                 and
                 Improvement
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 frequent
                 stirring
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 methinks
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Mixture
                 ,
                 once
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earths
                 cast
                 into
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 were
                 cover'd
                 from
                 the
                 Rain
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Waters
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 wash
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 best
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 scatter
                 it
                 unprofitably
                 about
                 the
                 sides
                 or
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 make
                 our
                 Composition
                 the
                 more
                 speedily
                 and
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 with
                 more
                 exactness
                 ;
                 having
                 first
                 cast
                 all
                 the
                 Materials
                 into
                 several
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 pretty
                 near
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 I
                 cause
                 as
                 many
                 Men
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 different
                 Ingredients
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Shovels
                 and
                 Spades
                 ,
                 standing
                 by
                 their
                 respective
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 to
                 cast
                 it
                 equally
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 equal
                 Portions
                 Pell-mell
                 in
                 some
                 void
                 place
                 near
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 instance
                 ,
                 If
                 I
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 single
                 Heap
                 of
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 of
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 need
                 but
                 two
                 Men
                 to
                 fling
                 them
                 equally
                 from
                 their
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 another
                 Heap
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 with
                 the
                 Heap
                 of
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 of
                 those
                 other
                 Ingredients
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 I
                 place
                 as
                 many
                 Labourers
                 near
                 that
                 single
                 Heap
                 of
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 do
                 at
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Heaps
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 at
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Shovel-full
                 of
                 Stuff
                 is
                 thrown
                 from
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 separated
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 (
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 )
                 be
                 cast
                 as
                 many
                 Shovel-fulls
                 of
                 the
                 single
                 Heap
                 of
                 good
                 Earth
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 my
                 Composition
                 is
                 soon
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 exactly
                 ,
                 without
                 losing
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 making
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 ,
                 or
                 removing
                 more
                 Ingredients
                 than
                 one
                 needs
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 neither
                 much
                 look
                 after
                 the
                 Earth
                 of
                 Drains
                 ,
                 Dry
                 and
                 Old
                 
                   Rotted
                   Dirt
                   ,
                   Marshy
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Castings
                 of
                 
                   Ditches
                   ,
                   Pidgeons-Dung
                
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 because
                 I
                 can
                 be
                 very
                 well
                 without
                 them
                 when
                 I
                 have
                 the
                 others
                 which
                 put
                 me
                 to
                 no
                 trouble
                 in
                 finding
                 (
                 the
                 facility
                 and
                 easiness
                 in
                 Agriculture
                 being
                 that
                 which
                 infinitely
                 Charms
                 me
                 )
                 as
                 especially
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 esteem
                 them
                 preferable
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 I
                 never
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 when
                 I
                 can
                 have
                 these
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 utmost
                 Exigence
                 and
                 Necessity
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 you
                 also
                 see
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 Plant
                 in
                 pure
                 and
                 simple
                 Earth
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 yet
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 finely
                 Sifted
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 divers
                 Gard'ners
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 Orange-Trees
                 will
                 I
                 confess
                 ,
                 make
                 pretty
                 Shoots
                 in
                 this
                 Powder'd-Mould
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 as
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 no
                 Clod
                 ,
                 or
                 Union
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 Case
                 ,
                 or
                 change
                 them
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 without
                 danger
                 of
                 leaving
                 no
                 Mould
                 cleaving
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 look
                 for
                 nothing
                 during
                 that
                 whole
                 year
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 next
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 dropping
                 of
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 whereas
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 Planted
                 in
                 my
                 Composition
                 ,
                 retain
                 a
                 fair
                 lusty
                 Clod
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 one
                 may
                 (
                 and
                 as
                 indeed
                 one
                 should
                 )
                 pare
                 off
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 when
                 you
                 Re-case
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 as
                 well
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 ,
                 as
                 old
                 and
                 exhausted
                 Earth
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 abated
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Peril
                 of
                 losing
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 or
                 Risquing
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 but
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 make
                 it
                 stronger
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 considerable
                 Shoots
                 that
                 very
                 year
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 also
                 shews
                 ,
                 how
                 little
                 I
                 attribute
                 to
                 the
                 Marc
                 of
                 Wine
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 must
                 retain
                 the
                 Tast
                 and
                 Quality
                 of
                 Wine
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 effect
                 it
                 would
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Marc
                 contain'd
                 in
                 it
                 any
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 sort
                 of
                 moisture
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 were
                 infus'd
                 ,
                 participating
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 is
                 really
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 improper
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 good
                 for
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 but
                 extreamly
                 pernicious
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 For
                 that
                 this
                 Mare
                 ,
                 consisting
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 of
                 three
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 contain
                 in
                 them
                 no
                 sort
                 of
                 Juice
                 (
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 Stone
                 or
                 Kirnel
                 ,
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stalk
                 )
                 furnish
                 nothing
                 of
                 advantage
                 to
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Kirnels
                 are
                 commonly
                 as
                 hard
                 as
                 little
                 Stones
                 ,
                 which
                 scarce
                 ever
                 rot
                 or
                 turn
                 to
                 Earth
                 ;
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 and
                 Stalks
                 for
                 having
                 been
                 extreamly
                 press'd
                 ,
                 can
                 yield
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 we
                 
                 find
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Mares
                 have
                 been
                 macerated
                 ,
                 and
                 infus'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 while
                 has
                 no
                 manner
                 of
                 Tast
                 or
                 Relish
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 has
                 percolated
                 ;
                 and
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 old
                 Melon-Bed
                 ,
                 &c.
                 sensibly
                 retains
                 in
                 it
                 something
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 as
                 appears
                 by
                 the
                 Acrimony
                 or
                 the
                 Tast
                 it
                 leaves
                 ,
              
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 After
                 all
                 the
                 Pains
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 taken
                 ,
                 I
                 never
                 yet
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Mare
                 of
                 Wine
                 did
                 Impinguate
                 ,
                 and
                 Inrich
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 it
                 renders
                 it
                 indeed
                 somewhat
                 lighter
                 (
                 but
                 without
                 imparting
                 to
                 it
                 any
                 other
                 Quality
                 )
                 and
                 that
                 's
                 what
                 I
                 strive
                 chiefly
                 to
                 avoid
                 in
                 Earths
                 for
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 a
                 Mold
                 too
                 light
                 ,
                 but
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 does
                 give
                 it
                 the
                 lightness
                 requisite
                 ,
                 should
                 carry
                 with
                 it
                 also
                 something
                 of
                 more
                 Useful
                 and
                 Soveraign
                 towards
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 Plants
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Mare
                 of
                 Wine
                 were
                 of
                 that
                 Absolute
                 Importance
                 for
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 what
                 should
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 what
                 had
                 they
                 done
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 live
                 in
                 colder
                 Countries
                 ,
                 where
                 Vine-yards
                 to
                 not
                 succeed
                 or
                 prosper
                 ?
              
               
                 Add
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Moist
                 and
                 Colder
                 Climates
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 other
                 places
                 also
                 where
                 the
                 Soil
                 is
                 Churlish
                 and
                 over
                 Binding
                 (
                 approaching
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Clay
                 )
                 the
                 Earth
                 for
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 good
                 and
                 sufficient
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 those
                 other
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 tractable
                 Ingredients
                 ,
                 apt
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 warm
                 and
                 heat
                 ;
                 but
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 needful
                 in
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 temporate
                 Countries
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 Earth
                 of
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 on
                 such
                 occasions
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 go
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 Sheeps-Dung
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 last
                 Composition
                 is
                 I
                 assure
                 you
                 ,
                 very
                 proper
                 and
                 good
                 to
                 raise
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Plant
                 in
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 Pot
                 or
                 Case
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   manner
                   how
                   to
                   raise
                   Orange-Trees
                   from
                   the
                   Seeds
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   to
                   Graft
                   them
                   :
                   How
                   first
                   to
                   Cultivate
                   those
                   which
                   are
                   newly
                   brought
                   to
                   us
                   from
                   the
                   Countries
                   where
                   they
                   grow
                   and
                   live
                   without
                   Art
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   come
                   Stripp'd
                   and
                   Naked
                   ,
                   without
                   Clod
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   it
                   ,
                   having
                   some
                   Leaves
                   upon
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 TOUCHING
                 the
                 first
                 Article
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 this
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 in
                 certain
                 Climates
                 (
                 those
                 especially
                 which
                 come
                 in
                 Bundles
                 ,
                 will
                 take
                 Root
                 of
                 Suckers
                 ,
                 as
                 easily
                 as
                 with
                 us
                 
                   Goose-berry
                   ,
                   Fig
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Quince-Trees
                 do
                 ,
                 &c.
                 yet
                 in
                 these
                 Countries
                 here
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 that
                 facility
                 ,
                 we
                 seldom
                 raise
                 them
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 we
                 get
                 from
                 very
                 Ripe
                 ,
                 or
                 Rotten
                 Fruit
                 :
                 The
                 Month
                 of
                 March
                 is
                 the
                 proper
                 time
                 to
                 Sow
                 them
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Earthen-Vases
                 ,
                 or
                 Cases
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Sheeps-Dung-Mold
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Melon-Bed
                 ,
                 Burying
                 what
                 Seeds
                 you
                 intend
                 to
                 Sow
                 ,
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Fingers
                 deep
                 ,
                 in
                 Rills
                 and
                 Lines
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Holes
                 at
                 two
                 Inches
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 this
                 nearness
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 take
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 purpose
                 to
                 thin
                 ,
                 and
                 pull
                 up
                 Supernumeraries
                 where
                 they
                 stand
                 too
                 thick
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 left
                 may
                 thrive
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 they
                 will
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 Preparatory
                 to
                 this
                 Semination
                 ,
                 choose
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Species
                 and
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Oranges
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 Bigarades
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 produce
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish
                 you
                 with
                 Wild
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 two
                 years
                 time
                 may
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 Re-plant
                 at
                 greater
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 so
                 increase
                 in
                 Growth
                 and
                 Substance
                 ,
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Years
                 (
                 if
                 care
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 Dress
                 them
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 frequent
                 ,
                 but
                 gentler
                 stirrings
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 ordinary
                 Watering
                 ,
                 and
                 discreetly
                 Trimming
                 and
                 Pruning
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 will
                 become
                 fair
                 and
                 lusty
                 Stocks
                 fit
                 to
                 Graft
                 on
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 done
                 two
                 manner
                 of
                 ways
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 frequent
                 is
                 by
                 In●culation
                 ,
                 and
                 Grafting
                 in
                 the
                 Escutcheon
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   July
                   ,
                   August
                
                 ,
                 and
                 September
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 Earth
                 as
                 conveniently
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 send
                 forth
                 a
                 strait
                 ,
                 and
                 fair
                 Shoot
                 from
                 the
                 Shild
                 :
                 The
                 second
                 way
                 is
                 Grafting
                 by
                 Approach
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 the
                 Wild
                 Stock
                 had
                 need
                 be
                 of
                 some
                 considerable
                 Substance
                 and
                 Growth
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Head
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Incision
                 or
                 Gash
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 a
                 Cleft
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 to
                 Apply
                 or
                 Approach
                 a
                 Branch
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 of
                 whose
                 Kind
                 you
                 desire
                 a
                 Graft
                 .
                 In
                 Adjusting
                 these
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 cut
                 away
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 Rind
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 insert
                 and
                 apply
                 it
                 neatly
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Gash
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 a
                 Plaister
                 of
                 soft
                 Wax
                 ,
                 or
                 Clay
                 ,
                 and
                 wrapping
                 
                 that
                 about
                 with
                 a
                 Linnen
                 Rag
                 ,
                 bind
                 all
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 resist
                 the
                 Wind
                 until
                 towards
                 August
                 ;
                 when
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 perceive
                 the
                 Graff
                 has
                 taken
                 (
                 which
                 you
                 'll
                 find
                 by
                 the
                 vigorous
                 Shoot
                 it
                 makes
                 )
                 you
                 may
                 then
                 separate
                 the
                 Stock-Graff
                 from
                 the
                 Mother-Tree
                 ,
                 by
                 Sawing
                 ,
                 or
                 Cutting
                 the
                 Approached
                 Branch
                 just
                 before
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 bent
                 down
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 are
                 
                   Grafted
                   Lemon-Trees
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 indifferently
                 ;
                 Orange
                 on
                 the
                 Lemon
                 and
                 Orange-Stock
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Lemon
                 upon
                 either
                 ,
                 though
                 indeed
                 the
                 Orange
                 does
                 better
                 upon
                 its
                 own
                 Kind
                 ,
                 than
                 on
                 either
                 Lemon
                 or
                 Balotins
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 distinguish
                 an
                 Orange-Stock
                 from
                 the
                 Lemon
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 latter
                 has
                 a
                 Yellowish
                 Bark
                 ,
                 the
                 Orange
                 Greenish
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 have
                 near
                 the
                 Stalk
                 a
                 little
                 foot
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 shaped
                 like
                 an
                 Heart
                 ,
                 which
                 Lemon-Trees
                 have
                 not
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 
                   Orange-Trees
                   Graffed
                
                 on
                 the
                 Wild
                 Stock
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Species
                 ,
                 commonly
                 make
                 a
                 more
                 vigorous
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 less
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 shed
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 are
                 Grafted
                 on
                 the
                 Lemon-Stock
                 or
                 Balotins
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 about
                 Paris
                 ,
                 we
                 seldom
                 raise
                 either
                 by
                 Seeds
                 or
                 Graffs
                 ;
                 none
                 save
                 the
                 Curious
                 for
                 Tryal
                 sake
                 ,
                 will
                 put
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 pains
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Genoa
                 Merchants
                 so
                 easily
                 relieve
                 us
                 of
                 that
                 trouble
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 raise
                 them
                 with
                 such
                 success
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 Profit
                 they
                 make
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 our
                 Satisfaction
                 .
                 There
                 come
                 Yearly
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   March
                   ,
                   April
                
                 and
                 May
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 ,
                 both
                 Orange
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 lusty
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 at
                 very
                 reasonable
                 Price
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 no
                 Clod
                 or
                 Earth
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 main
                 thing
                 is
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 preserve
                 such
                 of
                 either
                 Kind
                 as
                 are
                 well-condition'd
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Stem
                 be
                 strait
                 ,
                 even
                 and
                 sound
                 ,
                 not
                 gall'd
                 any
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 competent
                 height
                 ,
                 as
                 about
                 a
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 two
                 Foot
                 to
                 a
                 Yard
                 ,
                 or
                 four
                 Foot
                 ;
                 That
                 the
                 Roots
                 be
                 also
                 sound
                 ,
                 and
                 look
                 as
                 if
                 but
                 newly
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Nursery
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Wet
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Heat
                 have
                 not
                 dried
                 ,
                 chill'd
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 way
                 injur'd
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ;
                 either
                 of
                 all
                 which
                 defects
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 utterly
                 spoil'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Infirmities
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 discover
                 by
                 Cutting
                 or
                 Peeling
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 Rind
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Stem
                   ,
                   Branches
                
                 and
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 pretty
                 firm
                 and
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 yellowish
                 Green
                 ;
                 the
                 Bark
                 also
                 loosen'd
                 a
                 little
                 from
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 of
                 an
                 Oily
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 the
                 Sap's
                 being
                 plentifully
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Bark
                 be
                 too
                 soft
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 rotten
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 rough
                 ,
                 hard
                 and
                 dry
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Mortal
                 Symptoms
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'll
                 commonly
                 find
                 the
                 Wood
                 underneath
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 to
                 appear
                 blackish
                 and
                 spotted
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 are
                 only
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Chimney
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Trees
                 which
                 are
                 brought
                 us
                 without
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 Clod
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 yet
                 perhaps
                 other
                 good
                 Marks
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Trimm'd
                 from
                 Head
                 to
                 Foot
                 :
                 The
                 Head
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 being
                 commonly
                 Naked
                 and
                 Bare
                 of
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 Prun'd
                 and
                 Abated
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 new
                 Shoots
                 may
                 Spring
                 from
                 their
                 Tops
                 ,
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 form'd
                 into
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 handsom
                 Heads
                 ,
                 round
                 and
                 full
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 shew
                 in
                 due
                 place
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 ●eanse
                 them
                 well
                 from
                 their
                 Hairy
                 Fibers
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 you
                 'll
                 find
                 quite
                 dry'd
                 and
                 shrunk
                 up
                 ;
                 and
                 take
                 so
                 much
                 off
                 the
                 other
                 Roots
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 leave
                 not
                 the
                 very
                 largest
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 grown
                 above
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Inches
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 proportion
                 the
                 least
                 also
                 ,
                 Cutting
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 spoil'd
                 by
                 any
                 Galling
                 ,
                 or
                 Bruise
                 quite
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Quick
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 done
                 ,
                 plunge
                 the
                 Roots
                 for
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 hours
                 into
                 common
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Plant
                 them
                 in
                 
                   Baskets
                   ,
                   Tubs
                   ,
                   Cases
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Pots
                 fill'd
                 with
                 good
                 Mould
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 lighter
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 compos'd
                 for
                 Grown
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 you
                 have
                 had
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 have
                 their
                 Clod
                 about
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 new
                 Plants
                 therefore
                 ,
                 there
                 needs
                 not
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Composition
                 of
                 the
                 Mould
                 above
                 a
                 quarter
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 grosser
                 Earth
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 above-mention'd
                 Ingredients
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 place
                 the
                 Baskets
                 ,
                 or
                 Vasas
                 in
                 a
                 moderate
                 Hot-Bed
                 ,
                 made
                 in
                 some
                 shady
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Sun
                 does
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 Peep
                 through
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 more
                 expos'd
                 to
                 its
                 Heat
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 dry
                 and
                 injure
                 the
                 tender
                 Plants
                 during
                 the
                 first
                 hot
                 Months
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 you
                 must
                 cover
                 ,
                 them
                 with
                 Matresses
                 ,
                 or
                 Canvas
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 preventing
                 these
                 Inconveniences
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 yet
                 give
                 them
                 Air
                 in
                 Rainy
                 ,
                 Close
                 ,
                 and
                 Cloudy
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 being
                 also
                 careful
                 to
                 Water
                 them
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 moderately
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 discretion
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Mould
                 may
                 remain
                 always
                 a
                 little
                 Moist
                 ;
                 yet
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 may
                 enjoy
                 some
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 (
                 since
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 is
                 sufficient
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 warmth
                 ,
                 and
                 comfort
                 of
                 the
                 Hot-Bed
                 :
                 But
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 were
                 worse
                 than
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
               
                 Arm'd
                 with
                 these
                 Cautions
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 save
                 most
                 Orange-Trees
                 so
                 
                   In-Cas'd
                   ,
                   Potted
                
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Baskets
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Bed
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 until
                 towards
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 remove
                 them
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Green-House
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 recommended
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 made
                 them
                 a
                 warm
                 Cover
                 as
                 they
                 stand
                 ,
                 with
                 dry
                 Dung
                 and
                 Litter
                 well
                 Matted
                 ,
                 &c.
                 sufficient
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Cold
                 of
                 Winter
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 April
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 shall
                 take
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 first
                 Case
                 or
                 Pot
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Earth
                 and
                 all
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 in
                 Baskets
                 (
                 which
                 commonly
                 you
                 'll
                 find
                 Rotten
                 at
                 the
                 Years
                 end
                 )
                 put
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 into
                 new
                 ,
                 and
                 proportionable
                 Cases
                 ,
                 without
                 troubling
                 your self
                 about
                 taking
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Rotten
                 
                 Basket-Twigs
                 away
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 letting
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 you
                 prejudice
                 the
                 tender
                 R●o●s
                 :
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 give
                 them
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Dressing
                 and
                 Culture
                 as
                 hereafter
                 we
                 shall
                 direct
                 ,
                 from
                 henceforth
                 beginning
                 to
                 form
                 the
                 Head
                 till
                 it
                 arrive
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Beauty
                 it
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 much
                 touching
                 Orange
                 ,
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 brought
                 to
                 us
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Clod
                   ,
                   Branches
                
                 and
                 Leaves
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 come
                 with
                 all
                 this
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 First
                 ,
                 To
                 Examine
                 whether
                 the
                 adhering
                 Clod
                 be
                 Natural
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 sometimes
                 Artificially
                 Clump'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Daub'd
                 about
                 the
                 Root
                 with
                 Clay
                 after
                 the
                 Root
                 is
                 Cut
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 easily
                 discover'd
                 by
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 Roots
                 clinging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 Natural
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 stick
                 very
                 firmly
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 loose
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 sign
                 of
                 Knavery
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 only
                 such
                 as
                 has
                 apparently
                 been
                 thus
                 applied
                 ,
                 take
                 it
                 all
                 clear
                 off
                 ,
                 if
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 ●abating
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 let
                 most
                 of
                 it
                 remain
                 ,
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 great
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 you
                 need
                 only
                 refresh
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 by
                 pairing
                 and
                 shortning
                 them
                 discreetly
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Treated
                 as
                 has
                 already
                 been
                 shew'd
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 such
                 Young
                 Orange-Trees
                 as
                 arrive
                 without
                 their
                 Clod.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 perform'd
                 what
                 is
                 necessary
                 about
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 to
                 Work
                 about
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 consider
                 how
                 to
                 give
                 beginning
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 agreeable
                 Figure
                 ;
                 which
                 you
                 shall
                 do
                 by
                 taking
                 away
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 small
                 ,
                 straggling
                 Branches
                 ,
                 you
                 find
                 to
                 grow
                 Confus'dly
                 ,
                 Cutting
                 also
                 the
                 grosser
                 ones
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 see
                 hinder
                 the
                 Symmetry
                 and
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 perfect
                 Round
                 ,
                 and
                 Full.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 Bathe
                 the
                 Root
                 a
                 good
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 Hour
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 (
                 that
                 being
                 quite
                 under
                 Water
                 )
                 you
                 perceive
                 any
                 Air-Bubble
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 it
                 as
                 long
                 to
                 Drain
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Place
                 it
                 in
                 your
                 Case
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 we
                 commonly
                 do
                 Orange-Trees
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 Old
                 Case
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Size
                   and
                   Bigness
                   of
                   good
                   Cases
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Circumstances
                   relating
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 THERE
                 needs
                 no
                 great
                 Directions
                 about
                 the
                 Bigness
                 and
                 Shape
                 of
                 Cases
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 Capacity
                 made
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 Growth
                 and
                 Substance
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 which
                 you
                 would
                 Plant
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 small
                 Tree
                 would
                 appear
                 as
                 ridiculously
                 in
                 a
                 large
                 Case
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 great
                 Tree
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 one
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 this
                 difference
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 latter
                 would
                 Languish
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 Perishing
                 for
                 w●nt
                 of
                 competent
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 a
                 great
                 Tree
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 Roots
                 ,
                 should
                 find
                 sufficient
                 to
                 maintain
                 Life
                 in
                 a
                 Vessel
                 that
                 contain'd
                 but
                 little
                 Matter
                 ,
                 whereas
                 a
                 little
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 large
                 Case
                 ,
                 would
                 run
                 no
                 such
                 danger
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 in
                 effect
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 Planted
                 in
                 the
                 wide
                 and
                 open
                 Field
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 of
                 some
                 Curious
                 Mens
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 who
                 hold
                 that
                 large
                 and
                 ample
                 Cases
                 hinder
                 the
                 Growth
                 ,
                 and
                 Thriving
                 of
                 young
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 also
                 imagine
                 they
                 would
                 grow
                 and
                 be
                 worse
                 in
                 the
                 plain
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 Field
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 mistake
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 a
                 single
                 Root
                 produces
                 nothing
                 of
                 it self
                 ;
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 throughly
                 heated
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 never
                 exert
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 Animated
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 Vital-Principle
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 fully
                 demonstrated
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Chapters
                 of
                 my
                 Treatise
                 of
                 Reflections
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 Impression
                 which
                 must
                 promote
                 this
                 Activity
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 proceed
                 more
                 Naturally
                 from
                 the
                 Superficies
                 than
                 from
                 the
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 remains
                 to
                 be
                 spoken
                 concerning
                 Cases
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Figure
                 ,
                 which
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 to
                 be
                 Square
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 sometimes
                 make
                 little
                 Round
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 
                 Oblongish
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 height
                 (
                 without
                 reckoning
                 the
                 Feet
                 )
                 correspond
                 ,
                 and
                 answer
                 the
                 length
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 be
                 large
                 and
                 low
                 ,
                 or
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 narrow
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 unsightly
                 :
                 The
                 Foot
                 ought
                 therefore
                 ordinarily
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 from
                 five
                 ,
                 to
                 six
                 Inches
                 high
                 ,
                 for
                 Cases
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 height
                 from
                 one
                 Foot
                 and
                 half
                 ,
                 to
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Feet
                 .
                 They
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 Inches
                 shorter
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 above
                 eight
                 ,
                 ten
                 ,
                 or
                 twelve
                 large
                 ;
                 or
                 be
                 allow'd
                 some
                 Inches
                 more
                 ,
                 if
                 of
                 three
                 and
                 half
                 ,
                 or
                 four
                 Feet
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 largest
                 Size
                 we
                 see
                 any
                 where
                 us'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 best
                 Timber
                 to
                 make
                 Cases
                 of
                 is
                 Oak
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 durable
                 :
                 Firr
                 ,
                 Beech
                 ,
                 Chesnut
                 ,
                 &c.
                 are
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 proper
                 .
                 Cases
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Barrel-board
                 ,
                 or
                 Pipe-staves
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 exceed
                 not
                 Twenty
                 ,
                 or
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Inches
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 more
                 ,
                 of
                 good
                 Clap-board
                 ,
                 and
                 Wainscot
                 full
                 Inch
                 thick
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 else
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 dis-joynted
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 remov'd
                 and
                 carried
                 by
                 the
                 Lever
                 ,
                 especially
                 being
                 large
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Earth
                 and
                 heavy
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 Importance
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 Feet
                 of
                 sound
                 Oak
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Square
                 ,
                 and
                 Proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 :
                 Also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bottoms
                 be
                 very
                 substantial
                 ,
                 supported
                 with
                 Bars
                 well
                 Nail'd
                 and
                 fasten'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 durably
                 to
                 sustain
                 their
                 Burden
                 ,
                 and
                 secur'd
                 from
                 becoming
                 Rotten
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 frequent
                 Waterings
                 make
                 them
                 obnoxious
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 were
                 desirable
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 might
                 continue
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Cases
                 many
                 Years
                 without
                 any
                 necessity
                 of
                 Change
                 ,
                 every
                 Removing
                 and
                 Alteration
                 being
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 One
                 should
                 likewise
                 take
                 Care
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bottoms
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 hold
                 stanch
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 starting
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 last
                 the
                 longer
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 requisite
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Inside
                 a
                 good
                 Priming
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 Oil-Colour'd
                 ,
                 no
                 matter
                 what
                 it
                 be
                 .
                 This
                 may
                 perhaps
                 seem
                 needless
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 assure
                 you
                 upon
                 Experience
                 ,
                 you
                 'll
                 find
                 it
                 worth
                 the
                 Expence
                 in
                 the
                 durableness
                 of
                 your
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 thus
                 accommodated
                 will
                 not
                 need
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 often
                 chang'd
                 ,
                 provided
                 you
                 Govern
                 them
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shew'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 In-Case
                 them
                 pretty
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 tread
                 the
                 Earth
                 well
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 before
                 you
                 Re-plant
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Every
                 body
                 knows
                 that
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 should
                 be
                 bor'd
                 through
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 with
                 an
                 Auger
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Board
                 be
                 joyn'd
                 close
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 be
                 laid
                 at
                 some
                 reasonable
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 Bar-wise
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 commodious
                 draining
                 ,
                 and
                 passage
                 of
                 the
                 superfluous
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 Refreshments
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Case
                 or
                 Box
                 be
                 of
                 two
                 Foot
                 and
                 halfSize
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 convenient
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 an
                 Iron
                 plate
                 at
                 each
                 Corner
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Bars
                 below
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Levers
                 (
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 of
                 Necessity
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 to
                 Lift
                 and
                 Transport
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Burden
                 by
                 )
                 do
                 not
                 break
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Bars
                 .
                 I
                 would
                 also
                 Advise
                 ,
                 that
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Boxes
                 were
                 contriv'd
                 with
                 Wickets
                 ,
                 to
                 open
                 and
                 shut
                 at
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 Iron-Bars
                 and
                 Hooks
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 them
                 fast
                 in
                 :
                 Not
                 that
                 hereby
                 one
                 may
                 give
                 them
                 an
                 half
                 In-Casing
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 a
                 thing
                 I
                 neither
                 approve
                 of
                 or
                 use
                 (
                 for
                 Reasons
                 hereafter
                 )
                 but
                 that
                 when
                 ever
                 there
                 really
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 Re-Incasing
                 large
                 and
                 great
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 one
                 does
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 take
                 them
                 forth
                 their
                 Old
                 Case
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 Clod
                 adhering
                 ,
                 which
                 one
                 cannot
                 so
                 commodiously
                 and
                 safely
                 do
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 without
                 danger
                 of
                 breaking
                 and
                 disorder
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 next
                 shew
                 how
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Re-Cas'd
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Re-Casings
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   best
                   manner
                   of
                   doing
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 RE-CASING
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 is
                 sometimes
                 Necessary
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 some
                 defect
                 in
                 the
                 Box
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 :
                 As
                 First
                 ,
                 When
                 a
                 Box
                 ,
                 or
                 Case
                 is
                 so
                 broken
                 through
                 Age
                 or
                 other
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 removed
                 without
                 Detriment
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 it
                 contains
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 too
                 little
                 and
                 has
                 not
                 sufficient
                 room
                 to
                 nourish
                 ,
                 and
                 entertain
                 it
                 in
                 any
                 longer
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 When
                 one
                 suspects
                 ,
                 or
                 foresees
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 by
                 the
                 Weakness
                 and
                 Languor
                 of
                 the
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 the
                 Yellowness
                 of
                 its
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 the
                 smallness
                 of
                 the
                 crumpled
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Or
                 that
                 in
                 fine
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 principal
                 Perfections
                 ,
                 and
                 Beauty
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 being
                 (
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 )
                 its
                 yearly
                 putting
                 forth
                 Lusty
                 ,
                 and
                 handsom
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 fail'd
                 in
                 so
                 doing
                 the
                 last
                 Spring
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 presum'd
                 there
                 is
                 something
                 in
                 Fault
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 though
                 it
                 may
                 haply
                 bear
                 a
                 Florid
                 ,
                 and
                 Green
                 Leaf
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 two
                 Years
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 yet
                 that
                 it
                 does
                 no
                 
                 more
                 receive
                 that
                 due
                 Nourishment
                 in
                 the
                 Case
                 which
                 it
                 requires
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 be
                 it
                 that
                 the
                 Mould
                 is
                 too
                 Old
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 exhausted
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Box
                 too
                 narrow
                 in
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 on
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 defects
                 ,
                 a
                 new
                 Re-Casing
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 resolv'd
                 on
                 .
              
               
                 Happy
                 those
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 Happy
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 an
                 able
                 and
                 Skillful
                 Gard'ner
                 to
                 Govern
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sagacity
                 to
                 prevent
                 these
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 timely
                 Re-Casing
                 before
                 his
                 Trees
                 complain
                 or
                 suffer
                 ;
                 being
                 careful
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 before
                 these
                 Infirmities
                 seize
                 too
                 far
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 perform
                 it
                 dextrously
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 necessary
                 circumstances
                 :
                 He
                 may
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 his
                 Trees
                 will
                 regularly
                 maintain
                 their
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Verdure
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 no
                 small
                 Master-piece
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 find
                 them
                 to
                 shoot
                 (
                 that
                 very
                 year
                 )
                 almost
                 as
                 freely
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 been
                 New-Cas'd
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 another
                 extraordinary
                 advantage
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Supposing
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 already
                 attain'd
                 as
                 beautiful
                 an
                 Head
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 fancied
                 in
                 our
                 Idea
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 farther
                 need
                 of
                 Working
                 upon
                 that
                 ,
                 or
                 using
                 the
                 Knife
                 ,
                 though
                 haply
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 convenient
                 to
                 pare
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 abate
                 about
                 two
                 third
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 and
                 Earth
                 which
                 is
                 about
                 the
                 Root
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 have
                 you
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 perfectly
                 well
                 Re-Cas'd
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 therefore
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 Re-Case
                 (
                 though
                 the
                 Tree
                 may
                 have
                 been
                 never
                 so
                 well
                 Treated
                 )
                 whenever
                 we
                 observe
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 pass'd
                 a
                 Summer
                 without
                 continuing
                 to
                 make
                 as
                 vigorous
                 a
                 shoot
                 as
                 't
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 since
                 being
                 neglected
                 ,
                 until
                 we
                 find
                 our
                 Trees
                 actually
                 sick
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 condition
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 assuredly
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 either
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 next
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 'll
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 lose
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 year
                 of
                 Re-Casing
                 they
                 will
                 make
                 no
                 shoot
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 put
                 any
                 out
                 ,
                 none
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 very
                 feeble
                 ,
                 wretched
                 and
                 miserable
                 ones
                 ,
                 with
                 small
                 round
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 which
                 will
                 drop
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 spent
                 or
                 wither'd
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 of
                 necessity
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 be
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 entire
                 Head
                 ,
                 to
                 ones
                 infinite
                 vexation
                 ,
                 to
                 behold
                 the
                 poor
                 Trees
                 in
                 this
                 sad
                 and
                 naked
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 time
                 before
                 they
                 will
                 recover
                 ,
                 or
                 afford
                 you
                 any
                 satisfaction
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 fit
                 you
                 should
                 have
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 a
                 
                   Cased
                   Orange-Tree
                
                 (
                 be
                 it
                 one
                 brought
                 from
                 hot
                 Countries
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 has
                 only
                 been
                 newly
                 chang'd
                 into
                 another
                 Box
                 )
                 may
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 remain
                 two
                 ,
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 without
                 pushing
                 either
                 Roots
                 or
                 Branches
                 ,
                 whatever
                 pains
                 one
                 takes
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 irksome
                 :
                 But
                 even
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 not
                 presently
                 to
                 despair
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 cast
                 it
                 away
                 ,
                 seeing
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Stem
                 and
                 Branches
                 continue
                 fresh
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 be
                 sure
                 it
                 is
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 Emerge
                 .
                 Nor
                 will
                 I
                 advise
                 you
                 to
                 change
                 its
                 Case
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 continue
                 your
                 wonted
                 care
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 he
                 stands
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'll
                 after
                 a
                 while
                 find
                 him
                 to
                 Recover
                 ,
                 and
                 answer
                 all
                 your
                 Pains
                 and
                 Patience
                 ,
                 it
                 familiarly
                 happening
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Lethargie
                 and
                 Benumb'ness
                 (
                 from
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 unknown
                 and
                 secret
                 Cause
                 )
                 is
                 at
                 last
                 vanquish'd
                 and
                 overcome
                 :
                 But
                 where
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 that
                 (
                 for
                 instance
                 )
                 has
                 been
                 In-Cas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 Dress'd
                 for
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 ,
                 ceafes
                 for
                 a
                 whole
                 Twelve-month
                 to
                 Spring
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 (
                 as
                 already
                 we
                 have
                 noted
                 )
                 conclude
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 beginning
                 to
                 be
                 Sick
                 ,
                 and
                 speedily
                 Re-Case
                 him
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 following
                 .
                 To
                 perform
                 this
                 well
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 pare
                 off
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Mould
                 or
                 Clod
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 looks
                 very
                 frightful
                 at
                 first
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 yet
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Cased
                 Trees
                 :
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 indispensably
                 necessary
                 at
                 every
                 Re-Casing
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 Tree
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Box
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 years
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 a
                 a
                 longer
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 sometimes
                 expedient
                 to
                 diminish
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 a
                 full
                 half
                 of
                 its
                 Clod
                 ;
                 as
                 when
                 through
                 the
                 negligence
                 ,
                 or
                 imprudence
                 of
                 former
                 Gard'ners
                 ,
                 you
                 find
                 a
                 Tree
                 become
                 excessively
                 Gross
                 and
                 Over-grown
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 being
                 duly
                 Prun'd
                 and
                 Trimm'd
                 on
                 its
                 precedent
                 Re-Casings
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 Re-Casing
                 well
                 ,
                 is
                 before
                 you
                 begin
                 this
                 Important
                 Work
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 Mould
                 and
                 Earth
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 what
                 condition
                 the
                 Case
                 and
                 Box
                 is
                 in
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Mould
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 find
                 it
                 over
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 conceive
                 the
                 Root
                 has
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Clod
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 then
                 Water
                 it
                 plentifully
                 the
                 day
                 before
                 you
                 stir
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Moisture
                 may
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 adhere
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 least
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Earth
                 fall
                 wholly
                 away
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 quite
                 Naked
                 when
                 you
                 come
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Tree
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Case
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 perceive
                 the
                 Earth
                 to
                 be
                 solid
                 and
                 material
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 in
                 likelihood
                 the
                 Root
                 has
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Clod
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 altogether
                 omit
                 the
                 previous
                 Watering
                 ,
                 and
                 proceed
                 to
                 Un-Case
                 :
                 The
                 Earth
                 will
                 hold
                 well
                 enough
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 may
                 Work
                 without
                 any
                 danger
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Box
                 ,
                 you
                 were
                 before
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 serve
                 any
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 to
                 Reserve
                 it
                 :
                 If
                 not
                 ,
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 it
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Now
                 for
                 the
                 saving
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Wicket
                 ,
                 or
                 (
                 as
                 ordinarily
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 with
                 some
                 fitting
                 Instrument
                 ,
                 Howe
                 ,
                 or
                 Trowel
                 scrape
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 from
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 Clod
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 old
                 Earth
                 as
                 until
                 you
                 can
                 conveniently
                 arrive
                 at
                 the
                 Clod
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 also
                 ,
                 pare
                 off
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Roots
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 without
                 disordering
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 you
                 should
                 leave
                 three
                 parts
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 necessary
                 Operation
                 for
                 the
                 cleansing
                 of
                 it
                 quite
                 round
                 ,
                 which
                 otherwise
                 you
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 reach
                 and
                 come
                 at
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 lift
                 the
                 Tree
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 with
                 either
                 strength
                 of
                 Arm
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 heavy
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Crane
                 ,
                 Pully
                 ,
                 and
                 Ropes
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 bulk
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 without
                 demolishing
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Case
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 keep
                 or
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 Re-Case
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 in
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 small
                 Reparations
                 ,
                 may
                 last
                 perhaps
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 years
                 longer
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 find
                 it
                 not
                 worth
                 the
                 mending
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 broken
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 you
                 shall
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 intire
                 Clod
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 abating
                 about
                 two
                 Thirds
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Mould
                 as
                 you
                 see
                 cause
                 ,
                 since
                 in
                 either
                 respect
                 ,
                 Retrenchments
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 as
                 well
                 on
                 every
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 sides
                 ,
                 as
                 underneath
                 ,
                 scraping
                 away
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Exhausted
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 till
                 you
                 discover
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 bare
                 about
                 two
                 Inches
                 of
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 Cut
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Revested
                 and
                 turnish'd
                 in
                 Re-Casing
                 with
                 new
                 and
                 fresh
                 Mould
                 (
                 as
                 shall
                 hereafter
                 be
                 shown
                 )
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 at
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 put
                 forth
                 new
                 and
                 lusty
                 Roots
                 ,
                 sufficiently
                 to
                 Re-establish
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 I
                 Advertise
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Pruning
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 twisted
                 and
                 intangled
                 one
                 within
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 you
                 be
                 careful
                 to
                 take
                 clean
                 away
                 all
                 that
                 you
                 Cut
                 off
                 ,
                 without
                 leaving
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 Fragment
                 ,
                 or
                 Chip
                 remaining
                 ,
                 thereby
                 preventing
                 the
                 Rotting
                 ,
                 and
                 Infecting
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 very
                 dangerous
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 after
                 these
                 Retrenchments
                 made
                 of
                 Earth
                 and
                 Roots
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Weight
                 and
                 Bulk
                 of
                 Earth
                 permit
                 ,
                 I
                 Counsel
                 you
                 to
                 dip
                 it
                 in
                 some
                 Tub
                 ,
                 or
                 Vessel
                 full
                 of
                 Water
                 or
                 Fountain
                 Basin
                 ,
                 deep
                 enough
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 intire
                 Clod
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 let
                 it
                 remain
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Water
                 Works
                 and
                 Boils
                 about
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 it
                 will
                 ,
                 soaking
                 in
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Waterings
                 could
                 not
                 penetrate
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 excessively
                 dry'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Water
                 taking
                 place
                 ,
                 will
                 force
                 out
                 and
                 expel
                 the
                 latent
                 ,
                 and
                 prejudicial
                 Air
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 Ebullition
                 and
                 Disorder
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Boiling
                 ceases
                 ,
                 take
                 the
                 drenched
                 Tree
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 placing
                 it
                 on
                 some
                 Block
                 or
                 Case
                 laid
                 side-long
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 stands
                 a
                 little
                 higher
                 than
                 the
                 Ground
                 )
                 there
                 let
                 it
                 rest
                 until
                 all
                 the
                 Water
                 be
                 drain'd
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 have
                 almost
                 quite
                 done
                 dropping
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 That
                 whilst
                 the
                 Clod
                 is
                 thus
                 streaming
                 ,
                 should
                 one
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 new
                 Earth'd
                 Case
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 make
                 it
                 all
                 into
                 a
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 very
                 pernicious
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 necessarily
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 press
                 ,
                 and
                 close
                 the
                 Mould
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 and
                 crowd
                 as
                 much
                 into
                 the
                 Case
                 as
                 is
                 possible
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 about
                 the
                 Naked
                 Roots
                 ,
                 as
                 where
                 ever
                 one
                 finds
                 a
                 void
                 ,
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Earth
                 thus
                 moisten'd
                 ,
                 beaten
                 and
                 press'd
                 would
                 turn
                 all
                 to
                 pap
                 and
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 at
                 last
                 grow
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 petrifie
                 like
                 Stone
                 ,
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 prevented
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Clod
                 be
                 too
                 big
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 plung'd
                 in
                 Water
                 :
                 When
                 the
                 Re-Casing
                 is
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 big
                 pointed
                 Stake
                 (
                 made
                 of
                 some
                 hard
                 Wood
                 )
                 or
                 an
                 Iron
                 Crow
                 or
                 Pin
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ;
                 endeavour
                 to
                 pierce
                 the
                 Clod
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 holes
                 gently
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 long
                 almost
                 as
                 it
                 will
                 imbibe
                 any
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 judge
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 of
                 Earth
                 may
                 sufficiently
                 be
                 soak'd
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 us
                 next
                 proceed
                 to
                 fit
                 our
                 new
                 Case
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 of
                 the
                 smaller
                 ,
                 middle
                 ,
                 or
                 largest
                 size
                 :
                 The
                 Custom
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 one
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 bottom
                 ,
                 to
                 cover
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Bed
                 of
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 old
                 Brick-Bats
                 ,
                 &c.
                 that
                 the
                 frequent
                 Waterings
                 draining
                 through
                 those
                 loose
                 Materials
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 Stagnate
                 and
                 Corrupt
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 both
                 Rot
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 bottoms
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 also
                 .
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 this
                 Rubbish
                 handsomly
                 rang'd
                 ,
                 pretty
                 gross
                 and
                 thick
                 ,
                 suitable
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 and
                 capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 to
                 lye
                 above
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Inches
                 thick
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 siz'd
                 Boxes
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 fill
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 prepar'd
                 Earth
                 as
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 Clod
                 in
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Superficies
                 be
                 plac'd
                 level
                 with
                 the
                 brim
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 finish
                 all
                 ,
                 gently
                 filling
                 the
                 void
                 places
                 at
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 it
                 all
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Watering
                 :
                 So
                 have
                 you
                 the
                 true
                 ordinary
                 way
                 of
                 In-Casing
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 I
                 perceive
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 manner
                 of
                 putting
                 in
                 the
                 Mould
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 sink
                 ,
                 and
                 settle
                 too
                 much
                 after
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 cause
                 the
                 Roots
                 quickly
                 to
                 touch
                 the
                 bottoms
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 extreamly
                 prejudice
                 the
                 
                 Beauty
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ;
                 make
                 them
                 look
                 Yellow
                 ,
                 put
                 forth
                 small
                 Shoots
                 and
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 despoil
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 oblige
                 one
                 to
                 change
                 the
                 Cases
                 every
                 four
                 ,
                 or
                 five
                 Years
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 consider'd
                 the
                 doing
                 something
                 more
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 very
                 well
                 succeeded
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 confess
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 I
                 have
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 against
                 me
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 among
                 the
                 Orangist-Gard'ners
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 my
                 Composition
                 and
                 Mixture
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 have
                 looked
                 on
                 me
                 as
                 an
                 Innovator
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 a
                 Disturber
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Dishonour'd
                 both
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 :
                 But
                 let
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 my
                 Method
                 decide
                 the
                 Process
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Confusion
                 of
                 the
                 Envious
                 .
              
               
                 See
                 then
                 how
                 I
                 Re-Case
                 my
                 Trees
                 :
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Bed
                 of
                 Rubbish
                 a
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 prepar'd
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 to
                 be
                 dry
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 little
                 moist
                 ,
                 I
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 exceedingly
                 beaten
                 with
                 the
                 Fist
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 some
                 Rammer
                 ,
                 or
                 piece
                 of
                 Wood
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 lesser
                 Cases
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 make
                 one
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 bigger
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 tread
                 the
                 Mould
                 sufficiently
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 subside
                 ,
                 and
                 settle
                 almost
                 once
                 for
                 all
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 agitation
                 of
                 its
                 Transporting
                 ,
                 would
                 in
                 time
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Method
                 ,
                 shake
                 the
                 Clod
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 and
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Damage
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 would
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 prevent
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 shew'd
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 since
                 my
                 purpose
                 is
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 Re-Casing
                 ,
                 the
                 Superficies
                 or
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 should
                 exceed
                 the
                 Brim
                 of
                 the
                 Box
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Inches
                 ,
                 as
                 certainly
                 knowing
                 that
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 the
                 Treading
                 and
                 Ramming
                 ,
                 the
                 Clod
                 will
                 in
                 less
                 than
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Years
                 ,
                 be
                 so
                 sunk
                 down
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 higher
                 than
                 the
                 Edge
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 way
                 above
                 described
                 )
                 though
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 be
                 well
                 enough
                 plac'd
                 :
                 And
                 ,
                 since
                 also
                 I
                 would
                 that
                 the
                 Clod
                 should
                 meet
                 ,
                 and
                 touch
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Inches
                 of
                 the
                 well-loosen'd
                 Mould
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 the
                 naked
                 Roots
                 may
                 commodiously
                 enter
                 and
                 insinuate
                 themselves
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 two
                 Considerations
                 I
                 govern
                 my self
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 due
                 Replenishing
                 the
                 Case
                 with
                 Earth
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 touches
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 well
                 Ramming
                 and
                 Treading
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 degrees
                 (
                 and
                 Bed
                 upon
                 Bed
                 )
                 I
                 cast
                 it
                 in
                 ,
                 '
                 til
                 the
                 whole
                 Case
                 be
                 full
                 within
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Inches
                 of
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 remain
                 loose
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 Trodden
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 all
                 these
                 Precautions
                 ,
                 I
                 so
                 Plant
                 my
                 Clod
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 its
                 Stem
                 be
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 and
                 stand
                 exactly
                 upright
                 .
                 To
                 do
                 which
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 draw
                 Diagonal
                 Lines
                 from
                 Corner
                 to
                 Corner
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Decussation
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 you
                 cannot
                 fail
                 of
                 placing
                 it
                 Accurately
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 .
                 Then
                 for
                 Replenishing
                 the
                 void
                 places
                 about
                 the
                 Clod
                 to
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 its
                 Superficies
                 ,
                 I
                 use
                 to
                 cram
                 and
                 press
                 in
                 of
                 the
                 prepar'd
                 Mould
                 (
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 is
                 needful
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 Wood
                 or
                 Barrel
                 Board
                 ,
                 which
                 forces
                 and
                 crowds
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 so
                 very
                 hard
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 that
                 very
                 day
                 forward
                 ,
                 settles
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 without
                 loosing
                 its
                 Perpendicular
                 ,
                 and
                 Establishes
                 it
                 against
                 all
                 ordinary
                 Winds
                 ,
                 Motions
                 ,
                 or
                 Transportings
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Earth
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 Advise
                 should
                 considerably
                 exceed
                 the
                 Margins
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 )
                 from
                 sliding
                 down
                 ,
                 especially
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 you
                 refresh
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 run
                 not
                 down
                 unprofitably
                 by
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 I
                 order
                 pieces
                 of
                 Boards
                 of
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Inches
                 breadth
                 ,
                 be
                 applied
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 ,
                 sinking
                 and
                 pressing
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Edges
                 of
                 the
                 Boards
                 between
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 keep
                 up
                 the
                 Mould
                 so
                 heaped
                 above
                 the
                 Level
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 brims
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 any
                 great
                 Eye-sore
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Boards
                 be
                 handsomly
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 which
                 otherwise
                 I
                 confess
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 ;
                 but
                 however
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 benefit
                 and
                 use
                 easily
                 reconciles
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 its
                 being
                 to
                 continue
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Clod
                 is
                 once
                 descended
                 as
                 low
                 as
                 it
                 should
                 go
                 ,
                 they
                 signifie
                 nothing
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 may
                 take
                 them
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 The
                 Tree
                 and
                 side
                 Boards
                 plac'd
                 in
                 this
                 Order
                 ,
                 I
                 make
                 a
                 small
                 Circle
                 of
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Fingers
                 deep
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 Earth
                 ,
                 'twixt
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 and
                 this
                 new
                 loose
                 Mould
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 pouring
                 Water
                 into
                 the
                 Channel
                 ,
                 and
                 Refreshing
                 it
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 the
                 Mould
                 by
                 this
                 time
                 closed
                 to
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 cut
                 Roots
                 ,
                 will
                 soon
                 dispose
                 them
                 to
                 exercise
                 their
                 Function
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 produce
                 new
                 ones
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Chapter
                 speak
                 concerning
                 what
                 other
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 and
                 Refreshments
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 after
                 this
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 thing
                 I
                 must
                 not
                 forget
                 ,
                 That
                 instead
                 of
                 Cases
                 ,
                 they
                 often
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Vasas
                 ,
                 and
                 Earthen-Pots
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 now
                 a-days
                 would
                 perswade
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 certain
                 Vasas
                 of
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 are
                 incomparably
                 better
                 than
                 Cases
                 and
                 Boxes
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 of
                 that
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 since
                 by
                 long
                 Experience
                 ,
                 we
                 all
                 find
                 the
                 
                 many
                 Conveniences
                 of
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 Inconvenience
                 of
                 Pots
                 .
                 I
                 confess
                 Pots
                 and
                 Vasas
                 may
                 be
                 proper
                 enough
                 for
                 ordinary
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Make
                 ,
                 seeing
                 besides
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 Shape
                 and
                 fine
                 Paintings
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 also
                 capable
                 of
                 Earth
                 enough
                 (
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 at
                 least
                 )
                 for
                 those
                 less
                 Curious
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 without
                 needing
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 frequent
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 Approve
                 of
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 such
                 often
                 Changes
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 like
                 as
                 little
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 great
                 and
                 well-grown
                 Trees
                 ,
                 abounding
                 in
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 Increase
                 them
                 with
                 new
                 ones
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 well
                 Planted
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 think
                 Vasas
                 (
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Capacity
                 to
                 furnish
                 sufficient
                 Matter
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 them
                 well
                 any
                 considerable
                 time
                 )
                 can
                 be
                 so
                 proper
                 ,
                 and
                 convenient
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 our
                 ordinary
                 Cases
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Inconvenience
                 of
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 Pots
                 and
                 Vasas
                 :
                 Trees
                 that
                 have
                 ample
                 and
                 goodly
                 Heads
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 steadily
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 Impetuosity
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 which
                 Vasas
                 do
                 not
                 afford
                 them
                 ,
                 whose
                 slight
                 ,
                 and
                 narrow
                 Feet
                 ,
                 commonly
                 make
                 them
                 subject
                 to
                 be
                 over-thrown
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 spoil'd
                 ,
                 besides
                 their
                 fragility
                 and
                 brittleness
                 ;
                 such
                 Trees
                 are
                 therefore
                 in
                 continual
                 danger
                 of
                 unexpected
                 Re-Casing
                 upon
                 all
                 such
                 Accidents
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 without
                 entring
                 farther
                 into
                 this
                 Controversie
                 ,
                 upon
                 any
                 Philosophical
                 Account
                 ,
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 Pots
                 and
                 Vasas
                 ;
                 and
                 especially
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Consideration
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 .
                 Antiperistasis
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 Comprehend
                 )
                 I
                 am
                 sufficiently
                 convinc'd
                 ,
                 that
                 generally
                 speaking
                 ,
                 this
                 Novel
                 Mode
                 ,
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Cases
                 are
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 thousand
                 times
                 better
                 for
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 Commodious
                 ,
                 though
                 there
                 go
                 about
                 of
                 late
                 ,
                 certain
                 Manuscripts
                 ,
                 which
                 endeavour
                 to
                 turn
                 our
                 Use
                 of
                 Cases
                 to
                 Ridicule
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Watering
                   :
                   Its
                   Use
                   and
                   Way
                   of
                   Applying
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 Come
                 now
                 to
                 the
                 Use
                 and
                 Manner
                 of
                 ordinary
                 Watering
                 and
                 Refreshing
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 either
                 during
                 Winter
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 or
                 particularly
                 in
                 
                 Summer-time
                 whilst
                 they
                 stand
                 Abroad
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 is
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 greater
                 than
                 it
                 appears
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 of
                 little
                 Importance
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 our
                 Gard'ners
                 ,
                 perswaded
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Necessity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 unwilling
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 of
                 fetching
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 leave
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 Ignorant
                 of
                 their
                 Boys
                 and
                 Drudges
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 it
                 well
                 ,
                 so
                 their
                 Trees
                 be
                 often
                 and
                 soundly
                 Drench'd
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Three
                 or
                 four
                 times
                 a
                 Week
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 more
                 frequently
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 so
                 profusely
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 Streams
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 in
                 that
                 abundance
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Neighbour
                 places
                 where
                 they
                 stand
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Puddle
                 ,
                 and
                 unaccessible
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 acknowledge
                 that
                 these
                 Gard'ners
                 have
                 good
                 Reason
                 to
                 Water
                 well
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 lightness
                 of
                 the
                 Mould
                 they
                 use
                 for
                 In-Casings
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 having
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 reckon
                 )
                 committed
                 an
                 Error
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 through
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 they
                 think
                 of
                 mending
                 it
                 by
                 a
                 second
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 whatever
                 be
                 the
                 Fault
                 ,
                 (
                 consider'd
                 in
                 it self
                 )
                 hinders
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 from
                 being
                 as
                 pernicious
                 as
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 without
                 a
                 second
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 my
                 own
                 particular
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 extreamly
                 scrupulous
                 ,
                 and
                 sparing
                 as
                 to
                 point
                 of
                 Waterings
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 I
                 totally
                 forbid
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 of
                 so
                 Absolute
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 especially
                 during
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 Drouths
                 and
                 Heats
                 of
                 
                   May
                   ,
                   June
                
                 and
                 July
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Roots
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 more
                 Animated
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Months
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 then
                 most
                 Stirring
                 and
                 Active
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 Season
                 of
                 their
                 Flowering
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 out
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 But
                 I
                 should
                 not
                 Counsel
                 you
                 to
                 excessive
                 reiterated
                 ,
                 or
                 over
                 frequent
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 excepting
                 it
                 be
                 during
                 those
                 Months
                 above-mention'd
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 Important
                 ,
                 and
                 Considerable
                 for
                 Vegetation
                 ;
                 when
                 yet
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 bestow
                 on
                 them
                 two
                 good
                 Weekly
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 more
                 .
                 I
                 stint
                 it
                 to
                 that
                 number
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 certainly
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 fat
                 and
                 sluggish
                 Earth
                 I
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 such
                 great
                 occasion
                 for
                 great
                 and
                 frequent
                 Refreshings
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 extreamly
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 that
                 receive
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 expect
                 withal
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 shall
                 see
                 considerable
                 Change
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Common
                 Use
                 of
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 if
                 one
                 would
                 apply
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Composition
                 of
                 Moulds
                 .
              
               
               
                 Certain
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Earths
                 which
                 are
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 speak
                 )
                 have
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 Body
                 and
                 Consistence
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 be
                 Watred
                 in
                 any
                 sort
                 ,
                 will
                 hardly
                 retain
                 sufficient
                 Moisture
                 for
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 indeed
                 they
                 should
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 they
                 quickly
                 become
                 dry
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 easie
                 passage
                 which
                 the
                 Water
                 finds
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 through
                 the
                 loose
                 Mould
                 ,
                 as
                 through
                 the
                 very
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Trees
                 not
                 finding
                 their
                 Roots
                 sufficiently
                 Refresh'd
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 now
                 most
                 need
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 in
                 motion
                 )
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 pine
                 away
                 and
                 wither
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 plied
                 with
                 Water
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 kind
                 of
                 Earth
                 therefore
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 indispensably
                 necessary
                 to
                 repeat
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 only
                 want
                 of
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 dwindle
                 thus
                 ,
                 so
                 those
                 Earths
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 describ'd
                 above
                 ,
                 being
                 of
                 Consistence
                 naturally
                 to
                 retain
                 their
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 Fresh
                 ,
                 how
                 little
                 soever
                 you
                 Water
                 them
                 ,
                 will
                 preserve
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 that
                 Infirmity
                 ,
                 and
                 enable
                 them
                 to
                 exert
                 their
                 Genuine
                 Activity
                 ,
                 in
                 sending
                 forth
                 good
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 fair
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 large
                 and
                 ample
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 beautiful
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 in
                 perfect
                 Health
                 ,
                 without
                 needing
                 such
                 abundant
                 ,
                 and
                 continual
                 Waterings
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Rules
                 which
                 I
                 follow
                 as
                 to
                 Waterings
                 ,
                 concern
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 given
                 immediately
                 either
                 after
                 their
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 their
                 bringing
                 out
                 .
                 And
                 secondly
                 ,
                 those
                 Refreshings
                 which
                 are
                 given
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 Orange-Trees
                 stand
                 abroad
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Waterings
                 I
                 make
                 to
                 be
                 great
                 ,
                 others
                 moderate
                 :
                 Those
                 I
                 call
                 great
                 ,
                 when
                 pouring
                 Water
                 on
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 it
                 drop
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 be
                 very
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 Waterings
                 are
                 profitable
                 ,
                 provided
                 one
                 use
                 them
                 not
                 too
                 often
                 .
                 Those
                 I
                 call
                 Moderate
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 cast
                 on
                 to
                 Refresh
                 the
                 Surface-Clod
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 the
                 Moisture
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 Dryness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Attraction
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 Refreshings
                 which
                 are
                 given
                 immediately
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 set
                 into
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 bestow
                 a
                 plentiful
                 one
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 are
                 placed
                 where
                 they
                 must
                 stand
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Confinement
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 Justifies
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 The
                 necessary
                 Closing
                 of
                 the
                 Mould
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Transporting
                 ,
                 the
                 shaking
                 ,
                 and
                 agitation
                 of
                 the
                 Stem
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 separated
                 both
                 from
                 it
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 letting
                 the
                 Air
                 into
                 the
                 void
                 places
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 prove
                 an
                 invincible
                 obstacle
                 to
                 their
                 Action
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 often
                 noted
                 )
                 never
                 move
                 or
                 thrive
                 in
                 any
                 Plant
                 ,
                 save
                 when
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 moist
                 Earth
                 ,
                 immediately
                 unite
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 effected
                 by
                 a
                 good
                 Watering
                 ,
                 and
                 prevents
                 the
                 disorder
                 one
                 is
                 to
                 apprehend
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Tree
                 is
                 Disabl'd
                 from
                 Acting
                 according
                 to
                 its
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 finish'd
                 this
                 great
                 Refreshment
                 of
                 our
                 Cloister'd
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 I
                 hardly
                 give
                 them
                 any
                 more
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 very
                 sparingly
                 at
                 the
                 entrance
                 and
                 expiration
                 of
                 April
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Season
                 growing
                 mild
                 ,
                 the
                 Inclos'd
                 Trees
                 themselves
                 become
                 sensible
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 one
                 should
                 not
                 fail
                 of
                 setting
                 open
                 the
                 Doors
                 and
                 Windows
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 often
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 augmenting
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 its
                 Beams
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 newly
                 warmed
                 Air
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 qualifying
                 the
                 Room
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 about
                 the
                 Trees
                 becomes
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 thirsty
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 heated
                 ,
                 urges
                 the
                 Roots
                 to
                 begin
                 to
                 Shoot
                 and
                 Quicken
                 apace
                 .
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 Quicken
                 and
                 Augment
                 their
                 Motion
                 ;
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 shew'd
                 )
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 Verdures
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 perpetual
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 House
                 ,
                 else
                 would
                 both
                 their
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 Leaves
                 infallibly
                 drop
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 only
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 fastned
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Vertue
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 continually
                 maintains
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 them
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 these
                 Plants
                 do
                 Act
                 and
                 Move
                 less
                 some
                 time
                 than
                 in
                 another
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 more
                 slowly
                 in
                 Winter
                 than
                 in
                 Summer
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Parent
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 Living
                 )
                 favours
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 benign
                 Influence
                 :
                 But
                 excepting
                 only
                 this
                 Month
                 of
                 April
                 ,
                 I
                 totally
                 cease
                 from
                 Watering
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 long
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 I
                 say
                 nothing
                 New
                 ,
                 all
                 discreet
                 Gardners
                 observe
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 rarely
                 give
                 I
                 any
                 Water
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 even
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 approaching
                 so
                 near
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 freeing
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 their
                 long
                 Confinement
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 Necessity
                 of
                 making
                 the
                 Cases
                 heavier
                 by
                 Watering
                 ,
                 which
                 one
                 shall
                 find
                 weighty
                 enough
                 already
                 ,
                 and
                 sufficiently
                 difficult
                 to
                 T●ansport
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 I
                 make
                 no
                 reckoning
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 certain
                 Casts
                 and
                 Sproutings
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 Orange-Trees
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 push
                 out
                 during
                 Winter
                 ;
                 nor
                 in
                 truth
                 are
                 they
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 appears
                 by
                 the
                 withering
                 of
                 their
                 Tops
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 instead
                 of
                 its
                 perswading
                 me
                 those
                 Trees
                 should
                 be
                 Water'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 make
                 better
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 I
                 rather
                 pull
                 them
                 quite
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 superfluous
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 unprofitably
                 to
                 avert
                 the
                 Sap
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 more
                 substantial
                 
                   Parts
                   ,
                   Branches
                
                 and
                 Foliage
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 should
                 Augment
                 and
                 Fortifie
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Work
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 bestow'd
                 about
                 Orange-Trees
                 whilst
                 they
                 are
                 inclos'd
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 necessary
                 Politeness
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 finish
                 the
                 making
                 them
                 clean
                 from
                 the
                 Filth
                 and
                 Ordure
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Punaises
                 and
                 Buggs
                 have
                 left
                 behind
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 has
                 not
                 yet
                 been
                 well
                 taken
                 away
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 may
                 here
                 or
                 there
                 seem
                 to
                 wither
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Water
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 very
                 little
                 quantity
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 proceeds
                 only
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Superficial
                 Roots
                 that
                 suffer
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 was
                 given
                 upon
                 their
                 first
                 Consinement
                 ,
                 has
                 doubtless
                 Conserv'd
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 sufficiently
                 Moist
                 :
                 Since
                 having
                 not
                 yet
                 undergon
                 any
                 such
                 scorching
                 heats
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 as
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 dry
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 suffer
                 no
                 such
                 excessive
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Refreshing
                 will
                 soon
                 revive
                 the
                 drooping
                 Leaves
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 which
                 stand
                 sound
                 and
                 vigorous
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 maintaining
                 their
                 Leaves
                 fresh
                 ,
                 large
                 ,
                 upright
                 and
                 open
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 look'd
                 on
                 and
                 admir'd
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 concerning
                 Watering
                 Confined
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 greater
                 rigour
                 and
                 exactness
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Watering
                 of
                 all
                 Trees
                 and
                 Shrubs
                 that
                 are
                 their
                 Fellow-Prisoners
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Jessimines
                   ,
                   Granads
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 over-frequent
                 Waterings
                 spoiling
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 injuring
                 the
                 Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 they
                 Naturally
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 Active
                 as
                 
                   Orange
                   ,
                   Lemon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Myrtle-Trees
                 ,
                 these
                 latter
                 sort
                 giving
                 Indications
                 for
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 saint
                 and
                 pallid
                 Complexion
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 stand
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 Refreshment
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 moreover
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cas'd-Trees
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 or
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 upmost
                 Earth
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 kept
                 loose
                 ,
                 and
                 appear
                 as
                 if
                 newly
                 stirr'd
                 ;
                 since
                 besides
                 ,
                 this
                 slight
                 motion
                 yields
                 a
                 marvellous
                 Relief
                 and
                 Succour
                 ,
                 by
                 facilitating
                 the
                 penetration
                 of
                 the
                 Refreshments
                 you
                 give
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 shews
                 very
                 handsomly
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Chap'd
                 ,
                 Cloven
                 ,
                 and
                 Crusty
                 Surface
                 is
                 as
                 unsightly
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 therefore
                 have
                 it
                 also
                 a
                 little
                 sprinkled
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 come
                 now
                 lastly
                 to
                 Waterings
                 abroad
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 in
                 truth
                 that
                 which
                 requires
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 which
                 methinks
                 they
                 commonly
                 most
                 fail
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 therefore
                 as
                 you
                 bring
                 forth
                 your
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 Rang'd
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Stations
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 continue
                 ,
                 bestow
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 plentiful
                 a
                 Watering
                 as
                 you
                 were
                 Advis'd
                 to
                 do
                 when
                 first
                 you
                 Hous'd
                 them
                 :
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 let
                 this
                 be
                 a
                 thorough
                 and
                 bountiful
                 Refreshment
                 ;
                 which
                 to
                 do
                 effectually
                 ,
                 make
                 several
                 holes
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 with
                 some
                 Iron-Pin
                 ,
                 or
                 Stake
                 of
                 hard
                 Wood
                 ,
                 but
                 withal
                 so
                 cautiously
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 gall
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 :
                 By
                 this
                 expedient
                 the
                 Water
                 will
                 visit
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 necessary
                 it
                 should
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 this
                 first
                 plentiful
                 Watering
                 ,
                 I
                 allow
                 them
                 also
                 two
                 considerable
                 ones
                 more
                 every
                 Week
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 I
                 see
                 the
                 Trees
                 to
                 Flower
                 and
                 Spring
                 ;
                 namely
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   May
                   ,
                   June
                   ,
                   July
                
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 (
                 if
                 the
                 Season
                 prove
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 dry
                 )
                 to
                 Mid
                 -
                 October
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Hous'd
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 some
                 ,
                 Trees
                 will
                 themselves
                 Advertise
                 you
                 of
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 crumpling
                 ,
                 half
                 closing
                 ,
                 and
                 hanging
                 down
                 of
                 their
                 flaccid
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 giving
                 notice
                 that
                 they
                 want
                 Refreshment
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 'll
                 also
                 find
                 if
                 you
                 thrust
                 your
                 Hand
                 a
                 little
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Earth
                 by
                 its
                 being
                 dry
                 .
                 I
                 would
                 likewise
                 every
                 Ten
                 days
                 ,
                 o●
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 order
                 them
                 a
                 considerable
                 Refreshing
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 a
                 second
                 moderate
                 one
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 August
                 when
                 commonly
                 Orange-Trees
                 make
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 you
                 do
                 not
                 repeat
                 it
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Mould
                 be
                 moist
                 enough
                 already
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 the
                 dryness
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 Leaves
                 to
                 wither
                 ,
                 they
                 faint
                 oftentimes
                 before
                 a
                 following
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Tree
                 be
                 not
                 well
                 Establish'd
                 ,
                 is
                 loose
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sun.
                 In
                 such
                 cases
                 you
                 are
                 ever
                 to
                 Examine
                 of
                 what
                 Temper
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 ,
                 dry
                 or
                 moist
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 to
                 Govern
                 the
                 Waterings
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 finds
                 that
                 some
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 will
                 always
                 look
                 faint
                 and
                 sickly
                 ,
                 whatever
                 bountiful
                 Waterings
                 you
                 bestow
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 very
                 certain
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 often
                 observ'd
                 two
                 things
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 some
                 Gard'ners
                 have
                 Command
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 commonly
                 apt
                 to
                 over
                 Water
                 their
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 either
                 themselves
                 or
                 by
                 their
                 Servants
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 Some
                 extreamly
                 neglect
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 not
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 especially
                 where
                 it
                 requires
                 pains
                 to
                 fetch
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 Laziness
                 or
                 ill
                 Custom
                 carrying
                 them
                 to
                 these
                 Extreams
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 I
                 say
                 most
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 Cases
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 they
                 should
                 exceed
                 very
                 moderate
                 Refreshments
                 ,
                 finding
                 that
                 they
                 commonly
                 give
                 them
                 too
                 much
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 the
                 second
                 quite
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 To
                 allow
                 them
                 a
                 thorough
                 Watering
                 ,
                 lest
                 being
                 to
                 take
                 pains
                 to
                 fetch
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 they
                 afford
                 them
                 not
                 enough
                 .
                 I
                 very
                 well
                 know
                 that
                 discreet
                 Gard'ners
                 need
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 Stepposite
                 Documents
                 ;
                 however
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 Reconcile
                 them
                 both
                 together
                 ,
                 
                 I
                 adhere
                 to
                 my
                 former
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 supposing
                 the
                 Earth
                 to
                 be
                 mingled
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 Method
                 ;
                 That
                 regularly
                 Watering
                 twice
                 a
                 Week
                 ,
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 (
                 namely
                 during
                 the
                 hot
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Flowring
                 ,
                 and
                 pride
                 of
                 Shooting
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 observing
                 a
                 Mediocrity
                 between
                 two
                 great
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 Refreshing
                 them
                 every
                 eight
                 or
                 ten
                 days
                 only
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 )
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 your
                 Trees
                 in
                 excellent
                 condition
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Waterings
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 Orange-Trees
                 have
                 this
                 of
                 Agreeable
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 concerns
                 their
                 Drink
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 almost
                 resemble
                 Men
                 that
                 are
                 Wise
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 they
                 seldom
                 call
                 for
                 it
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 Need
                 and
                 are
                 Thirsty
                 ;
                 to
                 urge
                 them
                 when
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 require
                 it
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 doing
                 them
                 a
                 kindness
                 one
                 does
                 but
                 incommode
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 Orange-Trees
                 sometimes
                 of
                 themselves
                 give
                 notice
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 being
                 Refresh'd
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 we
                 certainly
                 do
                 them
                 injury
                 when
                 we
                 Water
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 Season
                 ,
                 whereas
                 we
                 do
                 them
                 good
                 in
                 Refreshing
                 them
                 when
                 their
                 Leaves
                 becoming
                 lank
                 ,
                 and
                 wrap'd
                 together
                 call
                 for
                 help
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Symptoms
                 that
                 the
                 Root
                 is
                 Languishing
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Moisture
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 justifies
                 the
                 Comparison
                 farther
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Skilful
                 Gard'ner
                 is
                 never
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 the
                 Signal
                 from
                 his
                 Orange-Tree
                 when
                 he
                 should
                 do
                 his
                 Duty
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 when
                 ever
                 he
                 perceives
                 or
                 suspects
                 it
                 (
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 mistaken
                 )
                 he
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 apply
                 the
                 proper
                 Remedy
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 Prescription
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 both
                 good
                 and
                 wholsom
                 Refreshments
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 likewise
                 very
                 evil
                 and
                 pernicious
                 ones
                 too
                 .
                 Concerning
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 declare
                 what
                 I
                 think
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 Moderation
                 I
                 judge
                 most
                 convenient
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Inconveniences
                   which
                   happen
                   to
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   from
                   Over-Waterings
                   as
                   from
                   the
                   Fire
                   which
                   is
                   made
                   in
                   Green-Houses
                   .
                
              
               
                 'T
                 IS
                 easily
                 perceiv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 too
                 much
                 Water
                 is
                 given
                 
                   Cas'd
                   Orange-Trees
                
                 ,
                 there
                 usually
                 ensue
                 two
                 great
                 Disorders
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 remarkable
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 is
                 not
                 sensible
                 of
                 the
                 Evil
                 when
                 it
                 first
                 begins
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 consequence
                 makes
                 us
                 feel
                 it
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 too
                 late
                 for
                 Remedy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Disorder
                 consistsin
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 unreasonable
                 and
                 frequent
                 Summer
                 -
                 Watering
                 Accustoming
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 the
                 Trees
                 to
                 a
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 which
                 though
                 Inconvenient
                 ,
                 would
                 nevertheless
                 enable
                 them
                 to
                 subsist
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 continued
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 long
                 :
                 Their
                 being
                 so
                 easily
                 inur'd
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 would
                 produce
                 them
                 this
                 singular
                 Advantage
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 such
                 Waterings
                 will
                 become
                 Mortal
                 to
                 them
                 when
                 the
                 cold
                 Weather
                 comes
                 ,
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 sparing
                 ,
                 though
                 to
                 avoid
                 one
                 danger
                 (
                 which
                 in
                 effect
                 is
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 the
                 greatest
                 )
                 we
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 another
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 its
                 great
                 Inconvenience
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 an
                 every
                 Years
                 loss
                 of
                 Leaves
                 .
                 Now
                 one
                 cannot
                 Reflect
                 on
                 an
                 Accident
                 so
                 ungrateful
                 ,
                 without
                 concluding
                 it
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 not
                 receiving
                 that
                 due
                 Nourishment
                 during
                 the
                 seven
                 previous
                 Months
                 of
                 their
                 Confinement
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 five
                 former
                 Months
                 abroad
                 ,
                 which
                 needs
                 must
                 check
                 and
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 their
                 Natural
                 Activity
                 .
                 This
                 doubtless
                 is
                 the
                 Cause
                 that
                 the
                 Leaves
                 finding
                 themselves
                 destitute
                 of
                 that
                 perpetual
                 supply
                 of
                 Sap
                 which
                 then
                 they
                 need
                 ,
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 forsake
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 which
                 Naturally
                 and
                 from
                 their
                 Birth
                 produc'd
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 not
                 well
                 understanding
                 from
                 what
                 source
                 this
                 Evil
                 proceeds
                 we
                 make
                 divers
                 Erroneous
                 Conjectures
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 other
                 things
                 which
                 peradventure
                 have
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 Contributed
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 always
                 supposing
                 that
                 the
                 Green-House
                 be
                 not
                 in
                 fault
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 (
                 and
                 which
                 indeed
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Important
                 )
                 since
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Shoots
                 intirely
                 depend
                 upon
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 particularly
                 upon
                 that
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 this
                 is
                 peccant
                 and
                 feeble
                 ,
                 the
                 New-born
                 Roots
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 weak
                 and
                 feeble
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 they
                 prepare
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 ill
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 the
                 Shoots
                 themselves
                 which
                 they
                 produce
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 short
                 and
                 weak
                 ,
                 also
                 the
                 Leaves
                 sinall
                 ,
                 limber
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 Yellow
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 sufficient
                 Nourishment
                 during
                 Summer
                 are
                 already
                 fall'n
                 Sick
                 ,
                 finish
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 their
                 Languishing
                 and
                 Misery
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Cold
                 (
                 which
                 above
                 all
                 things
                 they
                 dread
                 )
                 assaults
                 them
                 :
                 The
                 main
                 Principle
                 of
                 their
                 Natural
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 may
                 possibly
                 have
                 enabled
                 them
                 to
                 resist
                 and
                 struggle
                 for
                 
                 some
                 time
                 against
                 the
                 Mischief
                 to
                 which
                 their
                 ill
                 Culture
                 has
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 once
                 this
                 little
                 Stock
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 spent
                 and
                 exhausted
                 (
                 as
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 )
                 they
                 pine
                 so
                 miserably
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 some
                 years
                 after
                 one
                 shall
                 be
                 hardly
                 able
                 to
                 Recover
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 at
                 last
                 without
                 Success
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 (
                 and
                 may
                 not
                 improperly
                 repeat
                 here
                 )
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Material
                 Substance
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 the
                 Roots
                 Elaborate
                 and
                 Compose
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 administring
                 Nourishment
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Water
                 only
                 ,
                 which
                 percolating
                 through
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 is
                 Impregnat
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Salt
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 qualities
                 wherewith
                 the
                 Earth
                 was
                 endowed
                 :
                 So
                 as
                 if
                 this
                 Earth
                 ,
                 whose
                 Salt
                 doubtless
                 is
                 not
                 Inexhaustible
                 and
                 without
                 end
                 ,
                 comes
                 once
                 to
                 be
                 over-diluted
                 by
                 great
                 and
                 frequent
                 Washings
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 needs
                 at
                 last
                 be
                 quite
                 robb'd
                 and
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 Salure
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Roots
                 finding
                 no
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 moistens
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 produce
                 no
                 more
                 new
                 Shoots
                 worth
                 any
                 thing
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 neither
                 any
                 good
                 and
                 laudable
                 Sap
                 ,
                 Branch
                 ,
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 or
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 as
                 doubtless
                 they
                 would
                 do
                 in
                 better
                 Mould
                 moderately
                 moisten'd
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 .
                 Whence
                 I
                 conclude
                 (
                 and
                 I
                 think
                 with
                 Reason
                 )
                 That
                 to
                 Water
                 Trees
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 requires
                 more
                 Skill
                 and
                 Prudence
                 than
                 usually
                 appears
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Conduct
                 of
                 most
                 Gard'ners
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Fire
                 which
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 affect
                 to
                 make
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Green-House
                   ,
                   Orange
                
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 fall
                 into
                 other
                 very
                 pernicious
                 Inconveniences
                 as
                 by
                 long
                 Experience
                 I
                 have
                 Learn'd
                 .
                 The
                 Reason
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 The
                 Fire
                 is
                 either
                 too
                 great
                 or
                 too
                 small
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 the
                 Heat
                 can
                 only
                 affect
                 those
                 Plants
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Influence
                 on
                 the
                 farther
                 distant
                 .
                 For
                 Example
                 ,
                 If
                 you
                 make
                 it
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 commonly
                 they
                 practice
                 it
                 )
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 of
                 the
                 Room
                 ,
                 neither
                 the
                 Heads
                 (
                 of
                 any
                 height
                 )
                 nor
                 opposite
                 sides
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 stand
                 not
                 near
                 ,
                 are
                 sensible
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 case
                 you
                 make
                 it
                 higher
                 ,
                 the
                 under
                 Branches
                 receive
                 no
                 comfort
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 granting
                 it
                 may
                 do
                 some
                 good
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 don't
                 believe
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 yet
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 being
                 little
                 it
                 does
                 but
                 little
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 few
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 its
                 Benefit
                 is
                 inconsiderable
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 If
                 you
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 Fire
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Fire
                 is
                 to
                 dry
                 up
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Moist
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 its
                 Heat
                 extends
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 doubtless
                 parch
                 and
                 dry
                 both
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 parts
                 on
                 which
                 the
                 Leaves
                 depend
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 make
                 them
                 shrink
                 ;
                 stop
                 and
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Channels
                 and
                 Passages
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 always
                 continue
                 moist
                 and
                 open
                 for
                 its
                 free
                 and
                 perpetual
                 Intercourse
                 ,
                 whilst
                 (
                 as
                 above
                 we
                 said
                 )
                 't
                 is
                 indispensably
                 requisite
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 do
                 convey
                 continual
                 Supplies
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 Branches
                 ,
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 this
                 disorder
                 else
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 happen
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 least
                 Interception
                 of
                 this
                 Supply
                 :
                 Sap
                 ,
                 without
                 question
                 ,
                 being
                 to
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 what
                 Water
                 is
                 to
                 Fishes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 to
                 all
                 Terrestrial
                 Animals
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 what
                 Foundations
                 are
                 to
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hand
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Ballance
                 which
                 holds
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 suspends
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 Events
                 this
                 Fire
                 (
                 as
                 Philosophers
                 speak
                 )
                 Changes
                 ,
                 and
                 Dries
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 a
                 notable
                 Alteration
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 it
                 commonly
                 has
                 on
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 Experience
                 tells
                 us
                 being
                 Boil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 after
                 to
                 be
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 fresh
                 Air
                 ,
                 grows
                 more
                 susceptible
                 of
                 Cold
                 than
                 't
                 was
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 shall
                 sooner
                 Freeze
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 never
                 been
                 near
                 any
                 Fire
                 at
                 all
                 :
                 So
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Impressions
                 of
                 Cold
                 in
                 relation
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 this
                 Fire
                 (
                 kindled
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 )
                 ●enders
                 the
                 Air
                 more
                 obnoxious
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Cold
                 which
                 environs
                 it
                 on
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 never
                 was
                 thus
                 alter'd
                 with
                 any
                 Artificial
                 Heat
                 .
                 The
                 Heat
                 of
                 Char-coal
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 some
                 hidden
                 Stove
                 ,
                 or
                 Earthen
                 Pan
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 may
                 perhaps
                 encounter
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 some
                 Effects
                 of
                 Cold
                 offensive
                 to
                 living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 receive
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 they
                 need
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 ;
                 yet
                 Orange-Trees
                 have
                 not
                 that
                 Gift
                 to
                 distinguish
                 and
                 know
                 the
                 just
                 degree
                 of
                 a
                 Foreign
                 Heat
                 ,
                 necessary
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 rigour
                 of
                 Winter
                 .
                 The
                 truth
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 derive
                 any
                 advantage
                 from
                 Artificial
                 Fire
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 one
                 should
                 first
                 understand
                 the
                 just
                 Measure
                 of
                 the
                 Need
                 which
                 these
                 Trees
                 have
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 whether
                 only
                 to
                 defend
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Heat
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 lost
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 afterwards
                 no
                 Infirmity
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 consequent
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 we
                 have
                 not
                 this
                 Sagacity
                 ,
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 which
                 has
                 once
                 been
                 attack'd
                 by
                 the
                 Frost
                 Infallibly
                 loses
                 its
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 remaining
                 Sick
                 and
                 Indispos'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 after
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 necessary
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 extent
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 the
                 Heat
                 were
                 always
                 Uniform
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Temper
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 neither
                 is
                 nor
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 can
                 neither
                 be
                 equal
                 as
                 to
                 its
                 continuance
                 ,
                 nor
                 (
                 as
                 Philosophers
                 speak
                 )
                 perfectly
                 Regular
                 as
                 to
                 its
                 Intention
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 (
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 has
                 sufficiently
                 Experienc'd
                 )
                 
                 maintain
                 a
                 constant
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 self
                 same
                 Tenor
                 ,
                 especially
                 during
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Time
                 that
                 the
                 Cold
                 is
                 most
                 Intense
                 and
                 Penetrating
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 is
                 commonly
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 Beginning
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 newly
                 kindled
                 was
                 but
                 moderate
                 ,
                 does
                 afterwards
                 Increase
                 ,
                 the
                 Fuel
                 at
                 last
                 being
                 all
                 spent
                 and
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 either
                 extreamly
                 diminish
                 and
                 abate
                 of
                 its
                 Heat
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 altogether
                 extinguish'd
                 :
                 Such
                 Fire
                 ,
                 I
                 affirm
                 therefore
                 creates
                 great
                 Disorders
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 Spoiling
                 the
                 Boughs
                 that
                 are
                 nearest
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 Parching
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 Altering
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 produces
                 all
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 accordingly
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 well
                 or
                 ill
                 qualified
                 .
              
               
                 My
                 Opinion
                 therefore
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 best
                 Expedient
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 thus
                 Inclos'd
                 against
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 funest
                 and
                 deadly
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 shew'd
                 )
                 a
                 good
                 Situation
                 and
                 Exposure
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Doors
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 sufficient
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 exactly
                 Shutting
                 ;
                 The
                 Windows
                 very
                 Close
                 ,
                 with
                 good
                 Chassis
                 double
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 Cauk'd
                 ;
                 Especially
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 be
                 Substantial
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Case
                 the
                 Conservatory
                 should
                 not
                 have
                 purposely
                 been
                 built
                 for
                 this
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 as
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 perhaps
                 one
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 Room
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 formerly
                 some
                 Hall
                 ,
                 Cellar
                 ,
                 or
                 Stable
                 ,
                 &c.
                 as
                 occasion
                 prompts
                 till
                 a
                 Better
                 be
                 made
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 exigence
                 ;
                 the
                 best
                 way
                 is
                 to
                 build
                 either
                 within
                 ,
                 or
                 on
                 the
                 out-side
                 (
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 found
                 most
                 Convenient
                 )
                 some
                 Counter-Wall
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 full
                 foot
                 in
                 thickness
                 ,
                 as
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 long
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 old
                 Wall
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 suspect
                 it
                 not
                 thick
                 enough
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 of
                 good
                 Masonry
                 :
                 Or
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 one
                 may
                 Cloath
                 an
                 Old
                 Wall
                 with
                 Litter
                 of
                 a
                 dry
                 Dunghill
                 ,
                 beating
                 it
                 very
                 close
                 together
                 as
                 you
                 heap
                 it
                 up
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 it
                 may
                 stand
                 and
                 not
                 slide
                 down
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 in
                 some
                 stout
                 quarters
                 of
                 Wood
                 at
                 Competent
                 distances
                 from
                 the
                 Wall
                 about
                 four
                 foot
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 joyning
                 to
                 the
                 Counter-mure
                 of
                 the
                 Litter
                 .
              
               
                 Indeed
                 such
                 Litter-Counter-Walls
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 sightly
                 and
                 sweet
                 within
                 Doors
                 :
                 Besides
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 Retreat
                 for
                 Rats
                 and
                 Mice
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 gnaw
                 and
                 disbark
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 not
                 sparing
                 the
                 Roots
                 themselves
                 :
                 But
                 besides
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 remedies
                 and
                 ways
                 to
                 destroy
                 most
                 of
                 those
                 Vermin
                 ;
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 such
                 deadly
                 and
                 pernicious
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Trees
                 which
                 are
                 Inclos'd
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Frosts
                 against
                 which
                 such
                 Counter-Walls
                 of
                 Dung
                 are
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 'till
                 a
                 more
                 commodious
                 House
                 can
                 be
                 built
                 :
                 This
                 therefore
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 answer
                 the
                 Objection
                 of
                 Unsightliness
                 ,
                 and
                 ill
                 Odor
                 .
                 I
                 wish
                 no
                 body
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 Lover
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 )
                 may
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 this
                 Extremity
                 ;
                 but
                 may
                 have
                 timely
                 prevented
                 it
                 by
                 erecting
                 a
                 good
                 Conservatory
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 only
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 if
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 these
                 Precautions
                 ,
                 we
                 discover
                 the
                 Ice
                 in
                 our
                 Inclosure
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 easily
                 done
                 by
                 hanging
                 a
                 Linnen
                 Rag
                 moistned
                 ,
                 or
                 setting
                 some
                 small
                 Dishes
                 of
                 Water
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Winter-time
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 near
                 the
                 Doors
                 and
                 Windows
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 and
                 Boxes
                 ,
                 to
                 observe
                 whether
                 the
                 Frost
                 (
                 against
                 which
                 one
                 cannot
                 be
                 too
                 Watchful
                 and
                 Jealous
                 )
                 have
                 gotten
                 any
                 entrance
                 :
                 In
                 this
                 Exigence
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Infallible
                 Remedy
                 to
                 maintain
                 a
                 Sweet
                 and
                 uniform
                 Warmth
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 may
                 last
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 one
                 pleases
                 ;
                 is
                 to
                 Hang
                 up
                 lighted
                 Flambeaux
                 ,
                 or
                 Lamps
                 (
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 last
                 )
                 either
                 between
                 the
                 Chassis
                 against
                 the
                 Windows
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 there
                 the
                 Cold
                 enters
                 ,
                 or
                 near
                 the
                 Doors
                 ,
                 or
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 whole
                 House
                 ;
                 taking
                 care
                 the
                 Flame
                 touch
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Warmth
                 continue
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Temper
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 easily
                 done
                 :
                 The
                 Experience
                 of
                 setting
                 a
                 small
                 Wax-Candle
                 lighted
                 in
                 a
                 Coach
                 close
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 close
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 Confirm
                 this
                 Expedient
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 me
                 to
                 Justifie
                 this
                 Imagination
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   What
                   there
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   the
                   Heads
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   Recovery
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   long
                   Neglected
                   ,
                   Ill
                   Govern'd
                   or
                   Spoil'd
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   
                     Cold
                     ,
                     Wet
                     ,
                     Hail
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   how
                   to
                   Attain
                   the
                   having
                   such
                   Trees
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   always
                   Beautiful
                   ,
                   and
                   Agreeable
                   both
                   in
                   Shape
                   ,
                   and
                   Figure
                   ,
                   Health
                   ,
                   and
                   Vigour
                   .
                
              
               
                 TO
                 satisfie
                 the
                 Importance
                 and
                 Extent
                 of
                 this
                 Comprehensive
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 first
                 to
                 propose
                 the
                 Idea
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 conceiv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ;
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 Well-grown
                 Tree
                 ,
                 a
                 Small
                 ,
                 or
                 Moderate
                 one
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 very
                 fine
                 ones
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 other
                 sort
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Species
                 of
                 
                 Animals
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 fair
                 ones
                 of
                 all
                 Ages
                 and
                 Growths
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Truth
                 is
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 Rare
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 find
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 Great
                 and
                 Perfect
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ;
                 whilst
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 enough
                 among
                 the
                 ordinary
                 and
                 moderate
                 sort
                 ,
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 both
                 Fair
                 ,
                 and
                 extreamly
                 handsom
                 :
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 I
                 confess
                 ,
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Orange-Trees
                 in
                 Bush
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 produce
                 Branches
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 bottom
                 )
                 but
                 indeed
                 those
                 which
                 maintain
                 an
                 upright
                 ,
                 strait
                 and
                 fair
                 Stem
                 of
                 about
                 two
                 feet
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 to
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 to
                 Five
                 Feet
                 in
                 Height
                 ,
                 are
                 much
                 statelier
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 a
                 certain
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 much
                 Superior
                 to
                 the
                 Shrub
                 and
                 Bush
                 :
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 much
                 for
                 those
                 whose
                 Beam
                 surpasses
                 this
                 Height
                 ;
                 tho'
                 they
                 have
                 otherwise
                 their
                 Beauties
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 really
                 something
                 in
                 them
                 of
                 Noble
                 and
                 Royal
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 Infinitely
                 become
                 a
                 Plantation
                 without
                 Doors
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 plain
                 Ground
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 Case
                 and
                 Box
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 bring
                 with
                 them
                 great
                 Inconveniences
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 nothing
                 so
                 Commodious
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 Carrying
                 and
                 Removing
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Height
                 and
                 Capacity
                 of
                 the
                 Doors
                 ,
                 and
                 Cieling
                 of
                 the
                 Conservatory
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 A
                 Green-House
                 from
                 Fifteen
                 to
                 Sixteen
                 Feet
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 handsom
                 proportion
                 for
                 the
                 well
                 entertaining
                 any
                 Reasonable
                 and
                 Curious
                 Person
                 's
                 Trees
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 Houses
                 of
                 Twenty
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 two
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 four
                 feet
                 high
                 (
                 as
                 indeed
                 there
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 for
                 Trees
                 of
                 Eight
                 ,
                 Nine
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 feet
                 Stem
                 or
                 above
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 Heads
                 correspondent
                 to
                 their
                 stature
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 require
                 Cases
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 five
                 feet
                 Depth
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 confess
                 these
                 Gyants
                 affright
                 me
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 I
                 fear
                 few
                 Persons
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Expence
                 of
                 such
                 Buildings
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 hardly
                 find
                 we
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 Cities
                 of
                 that
                 Altitude
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 they
                 deserve
                 due
                 Praise
                 and
                 Encouragement
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 our
                 Days
                 attempt
                 the
                 Raising
                 Trees
                 of
                 that
                 goodly
                 Stature
                 ,
                 since
                 we
                 may
                 hope
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 they
                 appear
                 Worthy
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Monarch
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 so
                 we
                 shall
                 shortly
                 see
                 them
                 an
                 Extraordinary
                 Ornament
                 to
                 his
                 Gardens
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 pronounce
                 that
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 (
                 whatever
                 it
                 be
                 )
                 is
                 Endow'd
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Accomplishments
                 't
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 ,
                 these
                 six
                 Conditions
                 are
                 requisite
                 :
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Head
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 Round
                 Figure
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 be
                 also
                 large
                 ,
                 well-spread
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 flat
                 ,
                 approaching
                 in
                 Shape
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Mushroom
                 newly
                 risen
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a
                 Calott
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 Affected
                 or
                 nicely
                 Circular
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 cut
                 
                   Myrtles
                   ,
                   Tews
                   ,
                   Philyria's
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Standard-Honey-Suckles
                   ,
                   Box
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 which
                 appear
                 forc'd
                 and
                 constrain'd
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 Natural
                 Roundness
                 ,
                 Free
                 and
                 Airy
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Art
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 commonly
                 see
                 grow
                 the
                 
                   Constantinople-Chess-Nut
                   ,
                   Lime-Trees
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 be
                 Full
                 ,
                 without
                 Confusion
                 within
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 void
                 and
                 hollow
                 as
                 we
                 Affect
                 to
                 have
                 our
                 Fruit-Trees
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 Heads
                 should
                 be
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 pretty
                 number
                 of
                 fair
                 well-fed
                 Branches
                 ,
                 almost
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 size
                 ,
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 and
                 numbred
                 if
                 one
                 be
                 dispos'd
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 principal
                 Conditions
                 of
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 most
                 Rare
                 ,
                 whilst
                 many
                 do
                 not
                 Esteem
                 this
                 Confusion
                 for
                 any
                 great
                 Defect
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 confess
                 it
                 appears
                 to
                 me
                 a
                 great
                 one
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Branches
                 which
                 form
                 and
                 compose
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 and
                 well
                 Nourish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 strong
                 that
                 their
                 Tops
                 instead
                 of
                 Inclining
                 towards
                 the
                 Earth
                 (
                 as
                 many
                 we
                 find
                 do
                 )
                 erect
                 and
                 hold
                 up
                 their
                 Heads
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 large
                 and
                 green
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 yet
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 longest
                 Branches
                 exceed
                 not
                 half
                 a
                 Foot
                 ,
                 since
                 if
                 the
                 Boughs
                 sink
                 down
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 mark
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 weak
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 Redress
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 new
                 Shoots
                 spring
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 Extremities
                 and
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 (
                 whose
                 Situation
                 they
                 naturally
                 follow
                 )
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 all
                 such
                 Shoots
                 as
                 proceed
                 from
                 those
                 feeble
                 ones
                 ,
                 are
                 yet
                 more
                 feeble
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 able
                 to
                 erect
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 yield
                 a
                 very
                 Ill-favour'd
                 Prospect
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 If
                 the
                 Leaves
                 be
                 small
                 and
                 yellow
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 yet
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 greater
                 Imbecillity
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 (
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Naturally
                 this
                 Tree
                 does
                 produce
                 Leaves
                 that
                 are
                 large
                 ,
                 green
                 ,
                 thick
                 and
                 in
                 plenty
                 )
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 quickly
                 fall
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 denude
                 the
                 Tree
                 of
                 its
                 genuine
                 Ornament
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Reasons
                 of
                 this
                 third
                 Qualification
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 are
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 the
                 utmost
                 length
                 be
                 excessive
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 Foot
                 or
                 more
                 would
                 be
                 )
                 the
                 Leaves
                 not
                 being
                 of
                 above
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Years
                 abiding
                 on
                 the
                 Branch
                 which
                 bears
                 them
                 (
                 and
                 even
                 for
                 those
                 a
                 Tree
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 lusty
                 one
                 ,
                 since
                 most
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 seldom
                 hang
                 on
                 above
                 a
                 Year
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 not
                 beyond
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 )
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 coming
                 to
                 drop
                 off
                 in
                 their
                 turns
                 ,
                 those
                 over-long
                 Branches
                 will
                 appear
                 all
                 naked
                 and
                 bare
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 extreamly
                 unsightly
                 ;
                 therefore
                 ,
                 whatever
                 Branch
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 advances
                 above
                 half
                 a
                 Foot
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 nipp'd
                 off
                 and
                 confin'd
                 to
                 that
                 dimension
                 .
              
               
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 The
                 fourth
                 condition
                 requires
                 that
                 the
                 Tree
                 should
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 plenty
                 of
                 fair
                 Shoots
                 every
                 Spring
                 Yearly
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 do
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 it
                 only
                 produce
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 trifling
                 ones
                 ,
                 the
                 defect
                 is
                 from
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Year
                 after
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 losing
                 its
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 prevented
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 possible
                 .
                 Now
                 no
                 Shoots
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 accounted
                 fair
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 competent
                 length
                 and
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 shew'd
                 )
                 able
                 to
                 sustain
                 themselves
                 without
                 bending
                 their
                 Tops
                 ;
                 such
                 never
                 fail
                 of
                 large
                 and
                 green
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 keep
                 on
                 from
                 falling
                 ,
                 since
                 those
                 which
                 have
                 now
                 perhaps
                 been
                 on
                 for
                 three
                 Years
                 past
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 drop
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 still
                 a
                 succession
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 former
                 Years
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 current
                 and
                 present
                 Year
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Ornament
                 and
                 Decoration
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 'T
                 is
                 required
                 that
                 our
                 Orange-Tree
                 produce
                 (
                 not
                 an
                 Infinite
                 ,
                 but
                 )
                 a
                 Reasonable
                 quantity
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 fair
                 ,
                 great
                 ,
                 long
                 ,
                 large
                 and
                 weighty
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 give
                 presage
                 of
                 goodly
                 Fruit
                 :
                 On
                 which
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 Advertise
                 ,
                 That
                 Orange-Trees
                 do
                 every
                 Spring
                 produce
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 one
                 whereof
                 proceeding
                 from
                 the
                 old
                 Wood
                 or
                 Shoot
                 of
                 the
                 precedent
                 Year
                 ,
                 usually
                 are
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 confus'dly
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 drop
                 off
                 without
                 knitting
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 first
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 early
                 Spring
                 .
                 But
                 Woe
                 to
                 that
                 Tree
                 which
                 is
                 over-charg'd
                 with
                 them
                 however
                 the
                 Owner
                 esteem
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 their
                 Beauty
                 will
                 soon
                 pass
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 be
                 unprosperous
                 and
                 displeasing
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 foresee
                 that
                 my
                 Sentiments
                 herein
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 very
                 Acceptable
                 to
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 divers
                 Curious
                 Persons
                 fancying
                 that
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 can
                 never
                 bring
                 forth
                 too
                 many
                 Flowers
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 ,
                 I
                 adventure
                 to
                 declare
                 it
                 a
                 great
                 Mistake
                 ,
                 which
                 Time
                 and
                 Experience
                 will
                 Cure
                 them
                 of
                 .
                 I
                 should
                 willingly
                 be
                 of
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 possible
                 to
                 Reconcile
                 that
                 large
                 quantity
                 of
                 those
                 sort
                 of
                 Flowers
                 with
                 those
                 other
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 I
                 esteem
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 more
                 ,
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Abundance
                 of
                 those
                 being
                 but
                 for
                 one
                 Fortnight
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 are
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Year
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 Flowers
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 spring
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Shoots
                 of
                 that
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 with
                 those
                 transcendent
                 Qualities
                 we
                 have
                 enumerated
                 ;
                 nor
                 come
                 they
                 in
                 Clusters
                 and
                 confus'dly
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 of
                 substance
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 fed
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 not
                 appear
                 '
                 til
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 or
                 beginning
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 cannot
                 have
                 too
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sixth
                 Requisite
                 to
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 is
                 its
                 being
                 free
                 of
                 all
                 Ordure
                 ,
                 Dust
                 and
                 Sullage
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 of
                 Bugs
                 and
                 Pismires
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 shew'd
                 already
                 how
                 this
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 compass'd
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Treatise
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 propos'd
                 the
                 Idea
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 form'd
                 of
                 a
                 Beautiful-headed
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 supposing
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 fail'd
                 in
                 performing
                 all
                 the
                 Directions
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 concerning
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 its
                 Shooting
                 well
                 (
                 upon
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 depends
                 )
                 there
                 remains
                 to
                 inquire
                 what
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 arrive
                 at
                 this
                 Idea
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 Relation
                 to
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 have
                 not
                 yet
                 begun
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 but
                 newly
                 In-Cas'd
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Respect
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 never
                 received
                 any
                 Assistance
                 or
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 Education
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 First
                 ,
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 roundness
                 and
                 fullness
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 that
                 having
                 well
                 consider'd
                 and
                 approv'd
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 one
                 shall
                 easily
                 discover
                 the
                 defects
                 which
                 are
                 repugnant
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 one
                 shall
                 not
                 endure
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 unfurnish'd
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 flat
                 at
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 over
                 long
                 on
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 rising
                 in
                 Pyramid
                 like
                 a
                 Cypress
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 Branches
                 groveling
                 on
                 the
                 Earth
                 like
                 the
                 tardy
                 and
                 late-bearing
                 Cherry-Tree
                 :
                 You
                 will
                 not
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 )
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 least
                 Bough
                 to
                 start
                 out
                 beyond
                 its
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 disfiguring
                 the
                 roundness
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 a
                 forming
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 for
                 the
                 supply
                 of
                 Vacuities
                 (
                 which
                 seldom
                 is
                 the
                 Fault
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 grow
                 Naturally
                 full
                 ,
                 confus'd
                 and
                 irregular
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 most
                 sorts
                 of
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 )
                 one
                 is
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 defect
                 either
                 proceeds
                 from
                 no
                 other
                 Cause
                 than
                 from
                 the
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 and
                 ill
                 handling
                 of
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 some
                 interior
                 and
                 middle
                 Branches
                 may
                 unhappily
                 ,
                 or
                 unwarily
                 have
                 been
                 broken
                 .
                 In
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 Cases
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 but
                 to
                 endeavour
                 the
                 preserving
                 of
                 those
                 other
                 Branches
                 which
                 Nature
                 will
                 not
                 fail
                 of
                 putting
                 forth
                 if
                 the
                 Tree
                 be
                 vigorous
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 in
                 condition
                 (
                 whilst
                 perhaps
                 it
                 is
                 become
                 Sick
                 and
                 Languishing
                 )
                 you
                 must
                 speedily
                 resolve
                 to
                 Lop
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 Abate
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 biggest
                 Branches
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 being
                 certain
                 of
                 its
                 soon
                 producing
                 others
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 furnish
                 and
                 repair
                 this
                 blemish
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 a
                 Tree
                 defective
                 in
                 roundness
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 you
                 find
                 one
                 of
                 its
                 sides
                 too
                 flat
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 double
                 Cause
                 ;
                 as
                 either
                 from
                 some
                 Accident
                 of
                 a
                 Boughs
                 
                 being
                 broken
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 naturally
                 have
                 Contributed
                 to
                 that
                 comely
                 Figure
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 remaining
                 sound
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 Cut
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 that
                 very
                 place
                 which
                 the
                 Discretion
                 of
                 an
                 Able
                 Gard'ner
                 judges
                 may
                 best
                 supply
                 the
                 Defect
                 :
                 Or
                 else
                 it
                 springs
                 from
                 where
                 an
                 Ignorant
                 Gardner
                 may
                 have
                 suffer'd
                 some
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 Libertine
                 great
                 Branches
                 to
                 shoot
                 uncontroll'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 Robb'd
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 from
                 the
                 Rest
                 ;
                 whilst
                 the
                 most
                 seeble
                 parts
                 remain
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Abandon'd
                 :
                 whereas
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 Nipp'd
                 off
                 those
                 Exorbitants
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 very
                 first
                 appearing
                 ,
                 and
                 Reduc'd
                 them
                 to
                 Order
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 have
                 Cut
                 them
                 short
                 the
                 ensuing
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 Branches
                 thus
                 Nipp'd
                 off
                 ,
                 or
                 discreetly
                 Cut
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 fail'd
                 to
                 sprout
                 from
                 all
                 about
                 the
                 Tops
                 several
                 New
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 a
                 Round
                 and
                 handsome
                 Tree
                 :
                 Nay
                 for
                 the
                 Redress
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Fault
                 (
                 a
                 great
                 one
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 )
                 one
                 is
                 sometimes
                 forc'd
                 to
                 proceed
                 to
                 an
                 Operation
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 appears
                 a
                 little
                 Cruel
                 ;
                 Namely
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Amputation
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Wanderers
                 ,
                 and
                 constrain
                 the
                 Whole-Tree
                 to
                 begin
                 a
                 new
                 the
                 forming
                 of
                 that
                 agreeable
                 Roundness
                 ,
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 thought
                 most
                 Convenient
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 commonly
                 reaches
                 to
                 that
                 feeble
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 :
                 Or
                 else
                 one
                 must
                 begin
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 Tops
                 and
                 Summity
                 of
                 those
                 escaped
                 Branches
                 ,
                 provided
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 likelihood
                 of
                 bringing
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 Beautiful
                 Shape
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Case
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 to
                 abandon
                 all
                 those
                 small
                 and
                 Infirm
                 ones
                 that
                 stand
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 :
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 be
                 disagreeable
                 by
                 being
                 too
                 long
                 sided
                 ;
                 you
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 Cut
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 abate
                 all
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 grows
                 out
                 of
                 due
                 Rank
                 ,
                 and
                 strangles
                 beyond
                 its
                 bound
                 :
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 Pointed
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 Tapering
                 Trees
                 ,
                 till
                 you
                 have
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 to
                 that
                 Globular
                 and
                 desirable
                 Figure
                 a
                 little
                 Flatted
                 at
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 Case
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 bend
                 down
                 their
                 Tops
                 ,
                 it
                 proceeds
                 from
                 want
                 of
                 strength
                 ;
                 else
                 they
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 naturally
                 sustain
                 themselves
                 upright
                 ,
                 if
                 of
                 sufficient
                 Substance
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 burden
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 :
                 Now
                 this
                 defect
                 of
                 vigour
                 sometimes
                 springs
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 wholesome
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 from
                 the
                 Superfluous
                 number
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 which
                 require
                 to
                 be
                 fed
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 Great
                 ,
                 or
                 Small
                 ;
                 since
                 its
                 Strength
                 can
                 reach
                 but
                 a
                 determin'd
                 point
                 :
                 The
                 Gard'ner
                 therefore
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Able
                 ,
                 and
                 Experienc'd
                 Workman
                 ;
                 First
                 ,
                 in
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 apply
                 good
                 and
                 proper
                 Mould
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Chapter
                 above
                 has
                 amply
                 treated
                 )
                 and
                 then
                 (
                 having
                 done
                 his
                 Endeavour
                 as
                 to
                 that
                 particular
                 )
                 to
                 Consider
                 what
                 Weight
                 and
                 Charge
                 his
                 Tree
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 sustain
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 leave
                 no
                 more
                 Branches
                 on
                 than
                 can
                 well
                 be
                 fed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stem
                 support
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 therefore
                 one
                 perceives
                 a
                 Tree
                 to
                 suffer
                 under
                 this
                 Infirmity
                 ,
                 the
                 Branches
                 Growling
                 or
                 over-bending
                 (
                 which
                 happly
                 may
                 not
                 yet
                 proceed
                 from
                 want
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 )
                 one
                 should
                 begin
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 quite
                 away
                 ;
                 Namely
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Feeble
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 especially
                 which
                 grow
                 out
                 of
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 discompose
                 the
                 Figure
                 ;
                 preserving
                 only
                 those
                 Substantial
                 ones
                 which
                 are
                 found
                 well
                 plac'd
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 should
                 be
                 perform'd
                 with
                 great
                 diligence
                 ,
                 just
                 when
                 the
                 Trees
                 begin
                 to
                 Sprout
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 one
                 is
                 to
                 Observe
                 ,
                 that
                 commonly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 Orange-Trees
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 fall
                 out
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 most
                 other
                 Trees
                 )
                 from
                 whatever
                 part
                 a
                 Branch
                 does
                 Issue
                 ,
                 be
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 some
                 other
                 Bough
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 ever
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 seldom
                 with
                 a
                 Third
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 this
                 Reflection
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ;
                 That
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 Channels
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 One
                 alone
                 ,
                 namely
                 to
                 a
                 single
                 Branch
                 ;
                 that
                 one
                 Branch
                 partaking
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 Portion
                 ,
                 would
                 doubtless
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 strong
                 and
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 capable
                 of
                 Erecting
                 its
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 Supporting
                 all
                 its
                 Weight
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 the
                 Assembling
                 and
                 Uniting
                 this
                 divaricated
                 Juice
                 to
                 one
                 Channel
                 ,
                 is
                 soon
                 learn'd
                 and
                 done
                 ,
                 by
                 pulling
                 off
                 the
                 small
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 notably
                 diminishing
                 of
                 their
                 number
                 ,
                 not
                 leaving
                 above
                 one
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 ,
                 Namely
                 ,
                 the
                 handsomest
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Commodious
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 desired
                 Figure
                 proposed
                 .
                 This
                 pulling
                 off
                 the
                 Shoots
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 possibly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 spend
                 not
                 it self
                 unprofitably
                 amongst
                 the
                 Faulty
                 Branches
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ;
                 but
                 finding
                 its
                 accustomed
                 passage
                 not
                 only
                 stopp'd
                 and
                 intercepted
                 ,
                 but
                 another
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 near
                 it
                 )
                 open
                 ,
                 may
                 flow
                 in
                 plentifully
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 a
                 considerable
                 increase
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Certain
                 of
                 Success
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 Easie
                 .
              
               
               
                 'T
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 Evident
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 were
                 much
                 better
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 above
                 one
                 single
                 good
                 and
                 substantial
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 than
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 moderate
                 ones
                 ;
                 One
                 strong
                 ,
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 shall
                 furnish
                 infinitely
                 beyond
                 all
                 those
                 trifling
                 ones
                 which
                 can
                 produce
                 but
                 poor
                 and
                 despicable
                 Foliage
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 often
                 fortunes
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Branch
                 ,
                 so
                 Nourish'd
                 with
                 the
                 portion
                 of
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 ,
                 will
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 become
                 of
                 great
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 exceed
                 its
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 our
                 Propos'd
                 Symmetrie
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 advisable
                 to
                 Nip
                 it
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 permit
                 it
                 to
                 exceed
                 a
                 Foot
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 Standard
                 and
                 Size
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 willingly
                 Reduce
                 the
                 Shoots
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 their
                 Heads
                 growing
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 Foot
                 large
                 in
                 Diameter
                 every
                 Year
                 (
                 never
                 above
                 )
                 that
                 is
                 half
                 a
                 Foot
                 on
                 each
                 part
                 or
                 side
                 round
                 the
                 Stem
                 (
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 mean
                 to
                 Restrain
                 its
                 growing
                 more
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 half
                 a
                 Foot
                 shall
                 suffice
                 me
                 )
                 One
                 may
                 be
                 Contented
                 with
                 this
                 Annual
                 Augmentation
                 for
                 the
                 Diameter
                 ;
                 since
                 it
                 fairly
                 promises
                 an
                 Increase
                 of
                 Six
                 Feet
                 ,
                 in
                 Six
                 or
                 Seven
                 Years
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 Considerable
                 if
                 one
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 attain
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 the
                 Orangist
                 will
                 Accomplish
                 doing
                 his
                 Duty
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Fault
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 Case
                 that
                 all
                 you
                 thus
                 Nip
                 off
                 ,
                 soon
                 after
                 produce
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 reasonable
                 number
                 ,
                 well
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 equally
                 furnishing
                 the
                 whole
                 Circumference
                 of
                 your
                 Orange-Tree
                 ;
                 'T
                 is
                 happy
                 for
                 you
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 Cherish'd
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 often
                 happen
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 but
                 few
                 Branches
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 been
                 so
                 Nip'd
                 put
                 ●orth
                 new
                 Shoots
                 at
                 their
                 Tops
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 spare
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 Contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Figure
                 ;
                 continually
                 plucking
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 Springs
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 Which
                 if
                 the
                 Lazy
                 or
                 Unskilful
                 Gard'ner
                 have
                 omitted
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 else
                 has
                 lately
                 been
                 directed
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 done
                 in
                 Summer
                 (
                 when
                 those
                 Shoots
                 being
                 extremly
                 Tender
                 and
                 Brittle
                 ,
                 knap
                 off
                 easier
                 than
                 Glass
                 )
                 You
                 must
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 Knife
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 to
                 Cutting
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 now
                 grown
                 Hard
                 ,
                 either
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 shut
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 best
                 )
                 or
                 at
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 :
                 For
                 absolutely
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 Indulge
                 any
                 one
                 Branch
                 that
                 grows
                 Extravagantly
                 ,
                 disgracing
                 the
                 Shape
                 and
                 comely
                 Figure
                 which
                 one
                 should
                 always
                 bear
                 in
                 Mind
                 and
                 aim
                 at
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Pruning
                 and
                 Cutting
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 has
                 an
                 advantage
                 ,
                 which
                 other
                 Trees
                 have
                 not
                 ,
                 Particularly
                 Peach-Trees
                 ;
                 It
                 often
                 happening
                 that
                 a
                 Branch
                 of
                 the
                 Peach
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 sprout
                 at
                 all
                 again
                 ,
                 hindred
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Gum
                 that
                 kills
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 whatever
                 Branch
                 you
                 cut
                 ,
                 or
                 pinch
                 off
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 Vigorous
                 Tree
                 ,
                 small
                 or
                 great
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 fail
                 of
                 re-producing
                 new
                 ones
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 ability
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Nipping
                 of
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ;
                 you
                 should
                 never
                 permit
                 any
                 new
                 ,
                 long
                 and
                 straggling
                 Branch
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 excepting
                 on
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 newly
                 Planted
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 yet
                 have
                 nothing
                 to
                 shew
                 but
                 the
                 Stem
                 only
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 old
                 Branches
                 :
                 'T
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 those
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 should
                 speedily
                 put
                 forth
                 good
                 and
                 lusty
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 being
                 free
                 and
                 without
                 intanglement
                 ,
                 may
                 form
                 an
                 Head
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 and
                 stature
                 of
                 the
                 Stem
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 Contrary
                 ,
                 produce
                 some
                 confused
                 slight
                 ones
                 ,
                 if
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 formerly
                 Established
                 ,
                 the
                 vigorous
                 Shoots
                 were
                 not
                 pinch'd
                 off
                 short
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Summer
                   Solstice
                
                 is
                 the
                 proper
                 Season
                 when
                 Orange-Trees
                 make
                 their
                 strongest
                 and
                 most
                 vigorous
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 Namely
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 June
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 then
                 one
                 should
                 be
                 most
                 Industrious
                 in
                 Nipping
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 off
                 the
                 false
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 and
                 Watering
                 them
                 more
                 than
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 ;
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 once
                 or
                 twice
                 a
                 Week
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 Assist
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 first
                 and
                 greatest
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 they
                 Redouble
                 considerably
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 and
                 beginning
                 of
                 August
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 same
                 care
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 June
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 this
                 exuberance
                 of
                 Second
                 pushing
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 appear
                 till
                 towards
                 the
                 expiration
                 of
                 August
                 ,
                 or
                 commencement
                 of
                 September
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 worth
                 little
                 :
                 The
                 Shoots
                 of
                 that
                 Season
                 will
                 perish
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 time
                 to
                 perfect
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 were
                 best
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 off
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 peep
                 ;
                 That
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 gave
                 them
                 beginning
                 ,
                 may
                 continue
                 in
                 the
                 bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 that
                 bare
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 the
                 stronger
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 you
                 perceive
                 any
                 lusty
                 Branch
                 left
                 upon
                 a
                 Tree
                 Re-Cas'd
                 ,
                 that
                 has
                 made
                 no
                 Shoot
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 excepting
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 a
                 some
                 few
                 small
                 yellowish
                 and
                 trifling
                 ones
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 strong
                 and
                 lusty
                 ones
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 was
                 expected
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 extremities
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 have
                 serv'd
                 to
                 Shape
                 the
                 Tree
                 :
                 Cut
                 them
                 away
                 without
                 any
                 scruple
                 ,
                 even
                 during
                 the
                 Pride
                 of
                 their
                 Sap.
                 
                 Those
                 which
                 you
                 leave
                 will
                 prosper
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 also
                 bold
                 to
                 affirm
                 ,
                 That
                 't
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 answerable
                 to
                 the
                 Idea
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 conceiv'd
                 ;
                 unless
                 you
                 take
                 off
                 those
                 early
                 Shoots
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 they
                 first
                 begin
                 to
                 push
                 ;
                 and
                 especially
                 from
                 those
                 Trees
                 which
                 have
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 attain'd
                 that
                 goodly
                 Head
                 which
                 becomes
                 them
                 :
                 Those
                 Trees
                 which
                 are
                 left
                 with
                 these
                 smaller
                 Shoots
                 on
                 them
                 without
                 this
                 discharge
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 finishhd
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Flowers
                 are
                 past
                 ,
                 may
                 indeed
                 produce
                 more
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 Beautiful
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 of
                 these
                 are
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 Condemn'd
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 abound
                 with
                 Knots
                 and
                 Bunches
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 Buggs
                 ,
                 producing
                 none
                 save
                 a
                 few
                 pittiful
                 Flowers
                 :
                 The
                 others
                 discover
                 themselves
                 soon
                 enough
                 (
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 First
                 )
                 to
                 see
                 themselves
                 stripp'd
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 those
                 Branches
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 managing
                 it
                 for
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 become
                 much
                 fairer
                 ,
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 goodly
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 spreading
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 pinching
                 off
                 the
                 idle
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 only
                 Contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Rounding
                 ,
                 Filling
                 ,
                 and
                 extending
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 gives
                 it
                 all
                 those
                 other
                 graces
                 and
                 perfections
                 't
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 ;
                 It
                 produces
                 fairer
                 and
                 stouter
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 able
                 to
                 sustain
                 themselves
                 ;
                 adorns
                 it
                 with
                 plentiful
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 ample
                 and
                 lovely
                 Green
                 ;
                 and
                 enables
                 the
                 Tree
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 abundance
                 of
                 new
                 Shoots
                 every
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 afterward
                 to
                 produce
                 a
                 sufficient
                 quantity
                 of
                 goodly
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 hinders
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 those
                 numerous
                 Swarms
                 of
                 Buggs
                 and
                 Ants
                 you
                 see
                 crawling
                 on
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 ,
                 so
                 extreamly
                 Bunch'd
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Tufted
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 preserves
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Neatness
                 and
                 Beauty
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 Charming
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 therefore
                 (
                 always
                 supposing
                 a
                 Commodious
                 Green-House
                 )
                 a
                 little
                 Care
                 and
                 Industry
                 inable
                 one
                 to
                 maintain
                 our
                 Trees
                 in
                 this
                 excellent
                 plight
                 ,
                 of
                 Shape
                 ,
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 Strength
                 and
                 Soundness
                 :
                 Is
                 't
                 not
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 such
                 hard
                 and
                 difficult
                 matter
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 is
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 Recover
                 ,
                 and
                 stablish
                 those
                 which
                 happly
                 are
                 deficient
                 in
                 nothing
                 but
                 their
                 Shape
                 and
                 Figure
                 ;
                 being
                 otherwise
                 Vigorous
                 and
                 Lusty
                 Trees
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 Shape
                 and
                 Figure
                 beautiful
                 enough
                 ;
                 but
                 wanting
                 strength
                 and
                 health
                 :
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 to
                 Recover
                 those
                 ,
                 which
                 labouring
                 under
                 both
                 these
                 Defects
                 together
                 ,
                 Languish
                 and
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 Perish
                 ?
              
               
                 Generally
                 ,
                 The
                 great
                 disorder
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 happen
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 these
                 four
                 different
                 Causes
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 In-Casing
                 ,
                 which
                 peradventure
                 was
                 not
                 carefully
                 done
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 improper
                 Mould
                 ;
                 or
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Renewing
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 from
                 some
                 defect
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 its
                 being
                 over-Heated
                 with
                 Fire
                 ;
                 or
                 from
                 the
                 Cold
                 or
                 too
                 much
                 Moisture
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 Without
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 Hail
                 ,
                 Impetuous
                 Winds
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 unforeseen
                 Accident
                 .
                 And
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 being
                 ill
                 and
                 unskilfully
                 Prun'd
                 and
                 Cut
                 ,
                 or
                 perhaps
                 too
                 unmercifully
                 :
                 Also
                 from
                 over-Watering
                 without
                 necessity
                 ,
                 or
                 neglect
                 of
                 due
                 Refreshment
                 during
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   May
                   ,
                   June
                
                 ,
                 and
                 July
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 the
                 principle
                 Causes
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 being
                 reduc'd
                 many
                 times
                 to
                 a
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 many
                 Gard'ners
                 are
                 so
                 afraid
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 trouble
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 to
                 Remedy
                 these
                 Defects
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 often
                 necessitated
                 to
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 Abating
                 and
                 Cutting
                 off
                 both
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Foot
                 of
                 their
                 Trees
                 :
                 Which
                 Operation
                 ,
                 very
                 few
                 save
                 the
                 skilful
                 in
                 these
                 matters
                 ,
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 Condemn
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 ,
                 how
                 well
                 soever
                 it
                 be
                 perform'd
                 :
                 But
                 however
                 ,
                 we
                 hope
                 ,
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 truly
                 knowing
                 and
                 Experienc'd
                 will
                 Approve
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 certain
                 that
                 the
                 Success
                 will
                 Justifie
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 indeed
                 require
                 some
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 Commence
                 first
                 with
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 a
                 
                   Sick
                   Orange
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Lemon-Tree
                 if
                 it
                 has
                 long
                 been
                 Cas'd
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 reasonably
                 suspect
                 that
                 the
                 Roots
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 Touch
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Box
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 receive
                 no
                 Nourishment
                 there
                 :
                 One
                 is
                 then
                 to
                 Resolve
                 without
                 more
                 ado
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Case
                 ,
                 and
                 Abate
                 two
                 third
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 ,
                 and
                 withall
                 to
                 examine
                 whether
                 the
                 Mould
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 Light
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 to
                 Water
                 it
                 sufficiently
                 for
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Hours
                 before
                 you
                 lift
                 it
                 out
                 ;
                 Thus
                 the
                 Earth
                 being
                 well
                 drench'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Roots
                 may
                 adhere
                 the
                 faster
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 and
                 assurance
                 take
                 away
                 what
                 you
                 judge
                 Convenient
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 where
                 you
                 find
                 the
                 Earth
                 so
                 light
                 ,
                 excessive
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 exhausted
                 as
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 crumble
                 away
                 at
                 every
                 touch
                 more
                 than
                 it
                 should
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 case
                 it
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 tenacious
                 and
                 consistent
                 to
                 hold
                 ,
                 spare
                 the
                 Pains
                 of
                 the
                 Watering
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 in
                 
                   New
                   Casing
                
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Trees
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 Cas'd
                 above
                 a
                 Year
                 
                 or
                 Two
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 perhaps
                 been
                 planted
                 too
                 deep
                 and
                 low
                 :
                 You
                 should
                 then
                 examine
                 in
                 what
                 Temper
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 ;
                 as
                 whether
                 too
                 strong
                 or
                 over
                 light
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 Latter
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 give
                 them
                 an
                 half
                 Re-Casing
                 ;
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 well
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 condition'd
                 Mould
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 careful
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 that
                 you
                 neither
                 shake
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 lay
                 bare
                 its
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 prejudicial
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 find
                 the
                 Earth
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 Gross
                 and
                 Stiff
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 I
                 hold
                 your
                 best
                 course
                 is
                 to
                 Uncase
                 it
                 quite
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 abate
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Clod
                 after
                 't
                 is
                 well
                 Sob'd
                 and
                 Moistned
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 replace
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 in
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 already
                 we
                 have
                 taught
                 ;
                 since
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 about
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 small
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 unless
                 you
                 begin
                 first
                 to
                 fecure
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Basis
                 and
                 Foundation
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sole
                 Architect
                 able
                 to
                 Preserve
                 both
                 Head
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 perform'd
                 what
                 is
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 your
                 next
                 work
                 must
                 be
                 about
                 the
                 Head
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 account
                 that
                 what
                 you
                 'l
                 most
                 Regret
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Extremities
                 and
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 hardly
                 any
                 Nourishment
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 has
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 arrive
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 them
                 Chang'd
                 and
                 Dry'd
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 diminution
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Branches
                 are
                 charg'd
                 beyond
                 what
                 the
                 Foot
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 Support
                 :
                 Not
                 unlike
                 those
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 Rise
                 to
                 their
                 accustomed
                 height
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 the
                 failure
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 or
                 Sourse
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Waters
                 are
                 too
                 much
                 divided
                 and
                 have
                 taken
                 some
                 other
                 Course
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Exigent
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 only
                 pluck
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 do
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 since
                 your
                 own
                 Reason
                 will
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 Treated
                 the
                 Foot
                 as
                 a
                 Sick
                 and
                 Crazy
                 Member
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 not
                 charge
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 greater
                 Burden
                 than
                 it
                 can
                 bear
                 .
                 Now
                 supposing
                 the
                 Tree
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 languishing
                 Condition
                 (
                 as
                 by
                 its
                 Root
                 appears
                 )
                 and
                 that
                 you
                 have
                 been
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 retrench
                 a
                 considerable
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 Agents
                 ,
                 which
                 wrought
                 and
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 Maintain
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 ,
                 be
                 extreamly
                 diminish'd
                 by
                 these
                 great
                 Abatements
                 and
                 Amputations
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 (
                 although
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 and
                 benefit
                 of
                 all
                 )
                 You
                 must
                 resolve
                 to
                 do
                 as
                 much
                 proportionably
                 ,
                 by
                 diminishing
                 of
                 the
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 expect
                 your
                 Tree
                 should
                 likely
                 put
                 forth
                 new
                 Branches
                 at
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 which
                 you
                 have
                 shortn'd
                 :
                 You
                 should
                 carry
                 such
                 an
                 Idea
                 in
                 your
                 Mind
                 of
                 the
                 Shape
                 and
                 Beauty
                 you
                 would
                 bring
                 it
                 to
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 more
                 new
                 Branches
                 succeed
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 may
                 serve
                 and
                 contribute
                 to
                 that
                 conceiv'd
                 Idea
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 Idea
                 one
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 Discreet
                 as
                 Bold
                 :
                 Discreet
                 ,
                 to
                 Cut
                 and
                 Prune
                 off
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 is
                 necessary
                 ;
                 Bold
                 ,
                 to
                 spare
                 no
                 unprofitable
                 Branches
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 one
                 should
                 be
                 Compleat
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Operation
                 ,
                 and
                 proceed
                 Couragiously
                 and
                 without
                 hesitation
                 :
                 He
                 shall
                 else
                 work
                 with
                 a
                 Trembling
                 Hand
                 ,
                 in
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 blam'd
                 for
                 having
                 been
                 too
                 free
                 with
                 his
                 Knife
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 too
                 much
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 common
                 and
                 contrary
                 Error
                 of
                 not
                 Cutting
                 enough
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 be
                 at
                 last
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 necessity
                 of
                 still
                 Cutting
                 more
                 for
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Years
                 successively
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Time
                 's
                 lost
                 that
                 one
                 shall
                 afterwards
                 repent
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 but
                 that
                 however
                 Skilful
                 and
                 dextrous
                 one
                 be
                 in
                 Pruning
                 ,
                 one
                 shall
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 find
                 some
                 Tops
                 of
                 cut
                 Branches
                 to
                 die
                 without
                 putting
                 forth
                 any
                 Shoots
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 especially
                 among
                 the
                 Sick
                 and
                 long
                 diseased
                 Trees
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 one
                 shall
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 again
                 lower
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 immediately
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 one
                 finds
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 to
                 be
                 hop'd
                 for
                 or
                 expected
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 'l
                 know
                 by
                 a
                 Dryness
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 Blackness
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 Cleft
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 you
                 'l
                 never
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 Reproach
                 for
                 having
                 abated
                 too
                 much
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 ●ine
                 ,
                 altho'
                 in
                 such
                 like
                 Re-Casing
                 of
                 Trees
                 one
                 ought
                 to
                 Cut
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 ,
                 yet
                 should
                 one
                 also
                 be
                 exceedingly
                 Cautious
                 in
                 sparing
                 what
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 ;
                 Especially
                 among
                 the
                 greater
                 Branches
                 :
                 The
                 small
                 ones
                 are
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Consequence
                 ;
                 though
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 shew
                 they
                 make
                 of
                 some
                 remaining
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 they
                 appear
                 indeed
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 of
                 some
                 Consideration
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 Contrary
                 ,
                 one
                 should
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 pity
                 or
                 spare
                 'em
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 for
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 them
                 quickly
                 drop
                 off
                 after
                 the
                 
                   N●w
                   Casing
                
                 ,
                 without
                 advancing
                 a
                 jot
                 the
                 more
                 for
                 your
                 Indulgence
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 have
                 been
                 afraid
                 to
                 Cut
                 these
                 small
                 trifling
                 Branches
                 when
                 you
                 new
                 Cas'd
                 your
                 Tree
                 ,
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Leaves
                 forsake
                 them
                 ;
                 Nay
                 ,
                 though
                 you
                 should
                 find
                 some
                 pretty
                 likely
                 Shoots
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 since
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 reckon
                 none
                 for
                 fair
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 great
                 and
                 strong
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 sprouting
                 from
                 some
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 Branch
                 ,
                 or
                 Stem
                 ,
                 may
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 its
                 Shape
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 which
                 you
                 find
                 upon
                 the
                 weak
                 and
                 feeble
                 .
                 
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 Years
                 before
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 looked
                 on
                 but
                 as
                 false
                 Money
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 a
                 fair
                 shew
                 indeed
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 else
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 must
                 here
                 acquaint
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 with
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 other
                 Fruits
                 which
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 Kernel
                 or
                 Stone
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 concerns
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Branches
                 :
                 For
                 Instance
                 ,
                 Those
                 great
                 Boughs
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 
                   False
                   Wood
                
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 pernicious
                 and
                 hurtful
                 to
                 Fruit-Trees
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 on
                 whatever
                 part
                 we
                 find
                 them
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 we
                 ought
                 instantly
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Cut
                 them
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 very
                 seldom
                 producing
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 thing
                 we
                 principally
                 seek
                 from
                 those
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Spare
                 and
                 Cherish
                 with
                 great
                 Care
                 the
                 small
                 and
                 feeble
                 Branches
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 thing
                 we
                 affect
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 of
                 a
                 beautiful
                 and
                 elegant
                 Shape
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 appear
                 full
                 of
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 their
                 Leaves
                 as
                 the
                 Shoots
                 they
                 make
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 much
                 concerned
                 about
                 the
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 which
                 commonly
                 they
                 are
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 in
                 too
                 great
                 quantity
                 :
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 save
                 and
                 spare
                 all
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 substantial
                 Branches
                 we
                 can
                 ,
                 even
                 those
                 which
                 in
                 our
                 Fruit-Trees
                 they
                 call
                 Water-Bows
                 ,
                 or
                 False-Wood
                 ;
                 provided
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 be
                 well
                 plac'd
                 :
                 In
                 effect
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 those
                 only
                 which
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 out
                 others
                 as
                 fair
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 to
                 produce
                 large
                 and
                 ample
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 fair
                 and
                 goodly
                 Flowers
                 as
                 one
                 would
                 desire
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 Consolation
                 of
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 I
                 give
                 them
                 notice
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 Shoots
                 which
                 push
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Branches
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 Re-Cased
                 whilst
                 they
                 were
                 Sick
                 :
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 these
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 sound
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 are
                 themselves
                 very
                 Sick
                 and
                 near
                 their
                 end
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 not
                 this
                 trouble
                 you
                 ,
                 they
                 commonly
                 resemble
                 Water
                 that
                 first
                 runs
                 through
                 the
                 Pipe
                 of
                 a
                 Fountain
                 newly
                 made
                 ,
                 which
                 comes
                 foul
                 and
                 duty
                 ,
                 as
                 bringing
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 the
                 filth
                 and
                 sullage
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 and
                 Place
                 it
                 passes
                 through
                 ;
                 neither
                 is
                 the
                 Pipe
                 clean
                 at
                 first
                 '
                 til
                 it
                 cleanse
                 it self
                 ,
                 the
                 pure
                 new
                 Water
                 of
                 the
                 Sourse
                 ,
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Wind
                 ,
                 chases
                 the
                 filth
                 before
                 it
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 it
                 continues
                 to
                 run
                 perfectly
                 clear
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 the
                 Shoots
                 of
                 an
                 Orange-Tree
                 that
                 are
                 Sick
                 ,
                 are
                 Yellowish
                 and
                 Languid
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 Branches
                 retain
                 nothing
                 in
                 them
                 save
                 the
                 Dregs
                 ,
                 and
                 small
                 remainder
                 of
                 a
                 Morbific
                 and
                 Tainted
                 Sap
                 ,
                 rising
                 from
                 the
                 long
                 Diseas'd
                 and
                 Infected
                 Roots
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 you
                 cannot
                 reasonably
                 expect
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Tree
                 should
                 make
                 any
                 new
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 vigorous
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 large
                 and
                 Verdant
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 '
                 til
                 it
                 produce
                 new
                 and
                 sound
                 Roots
                 ,
                 by
                 having
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 cut
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 application
                 of
                 new
                 and
                 sound
                 Earth
                 at
                 its
                 Re-Casing
                 ,
                 with
                 good
                 Government
                 and
                 Culture
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 proceeds
                 even
                 from
                 the
                 fairest
                 new
                 Roots
                 ,
                 come
                 ordinarily
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 ,
                 and
                 underneath
                 the
                 first
                 yellow
                 sick
                 ones
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 sole
                 Effort
                 of
                 the
                 Rarefaction
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 immediately
                 produc'd
                 independently
                 from
                 the
                 new
                 Roots
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 last
                 Shoots
                 which
                 come
                 out
                 below
                 these
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 acting
                 their
                 part
                 in
                 their
                 fresh
                 and
                 new
                 good
                 Earth
                 (
                 given
                 them
                 at
                 their
                 Re-Casing
                 )
                 prepare
                 good
                 and
                 wholsom
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 produce
                 fair
                 and
                 goodly
                 Shoots
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 such
                 newly
                 Re-Cas'd
                 Trees
                 ,
                 are
                 sometimes
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 years
                 e'r
                 they
                 produce
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 fitly
                 compare
                 them
                 to
                 some
                 Animals
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 lived
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 upon
                 unwholsom
                 Food
                 ,
                 find
                 it
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 Recover
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 better
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 seems
                 as
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 Muscles
                 ,
                 Bowels
                 &c.
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 are
                 shrunk
                 up
                 by
                 Famine
                 and
                 Want
                 :
                 So
                 the
                 Skin
                 which
                 Clothes
                 and
                 Invests
                 the
                 Stems
                 and
                 Roots
                 (
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Principle
                 of
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 )
                 grows
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 the
                 Heat
                 which
                 should
                 Revive
                 ,
                 Excite
                 and
                 Animate
                 this
                 Vital
                 Spring
                 ,
                 which
                 puts
                 all
                 into
                 Action
                 (
                 and
                 Animates
                 and
                 Awakens
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 to
                 begin
                 to
                 Act
                 a
                 new
                 )
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 reach
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Rarifie
                 the
                 old
                 torpent
                 and
                 sluggish
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 Mollifie
                 the
                 dry
                 Bark
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 passage
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Roots
                 to
                 which
                 it
                 should
                 give
                 Birth
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 albeit
                 such
                 newly
                 Cas'd
                 Trees
                 remain
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 without
                 Action
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 quite
                 Stupified
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 not
                 yet
                 quite
                 to
                 despair
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 there
                 's
                 any
                 appearance
                 of
                 Green
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 known
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 without
                 putting
                 forth
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 one
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 afterwards
                 do
                 Miracles
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 regularly
                 do
                 sooner
                 put
                 forth
                 new
                 Shoots
                 than
                 new
                 Root
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 shewed
                 in
                 our
                 Treatise
                 of
                 Plants
                 )
                 but
                 Orange
                 and
                 Fig-Trees
                 Spring
                 sooner
                 at
                 the
                 Root
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 more
                 abundance
                 .
                 One
                 may
                 know
                 as
                 to
                 both
                 these
                 effects
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 they
                 produce
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 if
                 any
                 dye
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 begun
                 to
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 sign
                 that
                 the
                 new
                 Root
                 does
                 also
                 perish
                 ,
                 tho'
                 it
                 seldom
                 happens
                 .
              
               
               
                 'T
                 is
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 remembred
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 upon
                 the
                 old
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 ,
                 new
                 ones
                 spring
                 out
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fairest
                 of
                 them
                 push
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 that
                 are
                 nearest
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 one
                 should
                 bring
                 them
                 as
                 near
                 one
                 another
                 as
                 is
                 possible
                 ,
                 and
                 abandoning
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 follow
                 and
                 promote
                 this
                 Natural
                 Vigour
                 wheresoever
                 it
                 shews
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 suppose
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 necessary
                 to
                 Advertise
                 you
                 to
                 cover
                 over
                 the
                 Wounds
                 and
                 Scars
                 of
                 the
                 Amputations
                 you
                 have
                 made
                 in
                 those
                 strong
                 bigger
                 Branches
                 or
                 Stems
                 ,
                 with
                 Wax
                 which
                 is
                 prepar'd
                 ;
                 this
                 one
                 never
                 fails
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 Careful
                 Gard'ners
                 are
                 diligent
                 to
                 observe
                 it
                 :
                 I
                 wish
                 they
                 were
                 as
                 Industrious
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 what
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Culture
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 .
                 This
                 prepar'd
                 Wax
                 protects
                 the
                 Wound
                 against
                 the
                 Heat
                 and
                 Ardour
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 Compos'd
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 mingled
                 with
                 new
                 Yellow
                 Bees-Wax
                 ,
                 melted
                 and
                 brought
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 temper
                 as
                 makes
                 it
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 handled
                 and
                 spread
                 .
                 The
                 Apothecaries
                 (
                 at
                 Paris
                 )
                 commonly
                 sell
                 it
                 ready
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 show
                 ,
                 Colour
                 it
                 with
                 some
                 cheap
                 Red
                 ,
                 Green
                 or
                 Blue
                 ,
                 &c.
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 than
                 needs
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 said
                 all
                 that
                 I
                 think
                 needful
                 concerning
                 the
                 Re-Casing
                 of
                 Sick
                 Orange-Trees
                 ;
                 it
                 remains
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 Directions
                 about
                 those
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 sound
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 may
                 have
                 been
                 batter'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 by
                 Hail
                 and
                 Winds
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 unexpected
                 Accident
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 operation
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 terrible
                 and
                 severe
                 as
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 Describ'd
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ago
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 mischief
                 happening
                 commonly
                 among
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Hail
                 may
                 have
                 jagg'd
                 and
                 mangled
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Roots
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 Important
                 )
                 suffer
                 nothing
                 which
                 obliges
                 one
                 to
                 New
                 Case
                 them
                 .
                 On
                 this
                 Accident
                 one
                 needs
                 only
                 to
                 Strip
                 the
                 Leaves
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 Shoot
                 be
                 broken
                 or
                 bruis'd
                 ,
                 to
                 Cut
                 it
                 off
                 beneath
                 the
                 place
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 case
                 one
                 finds
                 that
                 one
                 side
                 is
                 more
                 broken
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 (
                 which
                 may
                 Disfigure
                 the
                 Tree
                 )
                 spare
                 not
                 to
                 Cut
                 ,
                 and
                 Trim
                 the
                 other
                 unhurt
                 side
                 as
                 much
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 vigorous
                 Tree
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 suppos'd
                 )
                 you
                 will
                 quickly
                 see
                 it
                 Recover
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 Sick
                 and
                 Languishing
                 Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 Mischance
                 will
                 prompt
                 one
                 the
                 sooner
                 to
                 Re-Case
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 suffer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Hail
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 or
                 beginning
                 of
                 June
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 ordinarily
                 the
                 most
                 dangerous
                 Season
                 )
                 one
                 should
                 go
                 about
                 it
                 immediately
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Retrenchment
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Hail
                 have
                 spar'd
                 it
                 '
                 til
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Prune
                 ,
                 and
                 Cut
                 off
                 those
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Branches
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 spoil'd
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Directions
                   for
                   the
                   Carrying
                   and
                   Transporting
                   of
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   to
                   place
                   them
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   brought
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Green-House
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   what
                   Season
                   best
                   :
                   What
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   both
                   at
                   their
                   carrying
                   in
                   and
                   bringing
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   whilst
                   they
                   are
                   shut
                   up
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   Of
                   the
                   Ornament
                   they
                   will
                   afford
                   whilst
                   they
                   stand
                   in
                   the
                   Green-House
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Title
                 of
                 this
                 Chapter
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Matter
                 and
                 Subject
                 of
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 succinct
                 and
                 short
                 :
                 Not
                 but
                 that
                 one
                 might
                 perplex
                 it
                 with
                 some
                 Impertinent
                 difficulties
                 ;
                 As
                 whether
                 I
                 should
                 first
                 begin
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 what
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 at
                 the
                 Bringing
                 out
                 the
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 their
                 Carrying
                 into
                 the
                 
                 Green-House-Since
                 the
                 Bringing
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 ,
                 supposes
                 they
                 first
                 were
                 Carried
                 in
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 being
                 Carried
                 in
                 ,
                 that
                 whether
                 one
                 had
                 them
                 by
                 Succession
                 ,
                 or
                 New
                 Purchase
                 and
                 Acquisition
                 ,
                 they
                 already
                 had
                 been
                 set
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 brought
                 In
                 :
                 Somewhat
                 like
                 that
                 Probleme
                 ,
                 whether
                 were
                 First
                 ,
                 the
                 Egg
                 or
                 the
                 Chick
                 ?
                 But
                 as
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 Point
                 is
                 of
                 no
                 very
                 great
                 Importance
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 at
                 Leisure
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 make
                 themselves
                 Merry
                 .
              
               
                 Returning
                 then
                 to
                 my
                 Subject
                 and
                 supposing
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Removing
                 and
                 Transporting
                 Cases
                 and
                 Boxes
                 of
                 the
                 Middle
                 and
                 smaller
                 Size
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 't
                 is
                 done
                 by
                 Wheel-Barrows
                 ,
                 or
                 strong
                 Coul-Staves
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 good
                 Hocks
                 take
                 hold
                 on
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cases
                 at
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 with
                 Ropes
                 put
                 about
                 the
                 four
                 Feet
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 Great
                 Trees
                 ,
                 to
                 place
                 them
                 on
                 low
                 Truckles
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Lovers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 draw
                 them
                 along
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 Men
                 or
                 Horses
                 to
                 the
                 Stations
                 appointed
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 my
                 Contents
                 ;
                 That
                 as
                 these
                 Trees
                 affect
                 Warmth
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 from
                 Mid-May
                 (
                 when
                 we
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 )
                 to
                 Mid-October
                 (
                 when
                 we
                 shut
                 them
                 up
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 whole
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Exposure
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 well
                 enough
                 in
                 what
                 place
                 soever
                 you
                 set
                 them
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 :
                 So
                 they
                 are
                 most
                 happily
                 plac'd
                 if
                 near
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 Wood
                 ,
                 or
                 Grove
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 North.
                 Besides
                 ,
                 this
                 Situation
                 being
                 from
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 August
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 carrying
                 into
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 most
                 convenient
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 defending
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 South
                 and
                 Western
                 Winds
                 ,
                 which
                 about
                 that
                 Season
                 blow
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 disorder
                 and
                 exceedingly
                 ruffle
                 our
                 In-Cas'd
                 Trees
                 :
                 So
                 as
                 if
                 one
                 had
                 the
                 Convenience
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 wish'd
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 or
                 South
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 
                   May
                   ,
                   June
                   ,
                   July
                
                 and
                 August
                 (
                 which
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 favourable
                 Situations
                 for
                 them
                 at
                 first
                 bringing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 )
                 You
                 might
                 afterwards
                 expose
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 till
                 Mid
                 -
                 October
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 time
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 in
                 .
                 The
                 exposing
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 and
                 South
                 ,
                 Screens
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 Winds
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 from
                 the
                 North-West
                 that
                 blow
                 most
                 in
                 May
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 seldom
                 without
                 White
                 Frosts
                 enough
                 to
                 spoil
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 Carrying
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 Bringing
                 out
                 these
                 Trees
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 that
                 as
                 they
                 dread
                 nothing
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Cold
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 protected
                 from
                 that
                 ,
                 where-ever
                 it
                 Invades
                 and
                 threatens
                 them
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 Nights
                 seldom
                 fail
                 of
                 being
                 Cold
                 and
                 dangerous
                 till
                 about
                 the
                 Full
                 Moon
                 of
                 April
                 ,
                 or
                 towards
                 the
                 Eighth
                 ,
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 or
                 Twelfth
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 may
                 boldly
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 :
                 Especially
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 appearance
                 of
                 Rain
                 during
                 that
                 Full-Moon
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 on
                 the
                 Contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Sharp
                 and
                 Cold
                 Winds
                 continue
                 ,
                 have
                 patience
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Weather
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 favourable
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 the
                 Nights
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 Cold
                 near
                 the
                 fifteenth
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 your
                 just
                 time
                 of
                 Retiring
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 so
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Season
                 prove
                 very
                 fair
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 suspend
                 the
                 carrying
                 them
                 in
                 for
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 you
                 find
                 the
                 Weather
                 at
                 all
                 Inviting
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 good
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 fresh
                 Air
                 ;
                 Especially
                 those
                 ,
                 whose
                 Shoots
                 grow
                 still
                 in
                 Length
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 Wind
                 Changing
                 menaces
                 Cold
                 ,
                 hasten
                 them
                 to
                 Covert
                 as
                 speedily
                 as
                 conveniently
                 you
                 can
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 particularly
                 Cautious
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 May
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 noted
                 )
                 till
                 the
                 Full
                 Moon
                 of
                 April
                 be
                 past
                 ;
                 because
                 commonly
                 we
                 are
                 till
                 then
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 Frosts
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 Air
                 begins
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 Agreeable
                 and
                 Temperate
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 shew
                 of
                 a
                 warm
                 and
                 gentle
                 Shower
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 happen
                 ,
                 I
                 often
                 resolve
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 before
                 Mid
                 -
                 May.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 however
                 some
                 Orange-Trees
                 give
                 Signs
                 ,
                 and
                 seem
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 Impatient
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Shoots
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 put
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 undoubtedly
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Sweet
                 and
                 more
                 benigne
                 Air
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 pent
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 Colder
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 so
                 long
                 absence
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 Yet
                 since
                 the
                 Frost
                 but
                 of
                 one
                 single
                 Night
                 ,
                 may
                 extreamly
                 prejudice
                 them
                 ,
                 parch
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 ruin
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 tender
                 new
                 Shoots
                 ;
                 I
                 perswade
                 you
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 special
                 Regard
                 to
                 the
                 Temper
                 and
                 Inclination
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 rather
                 than
                 Hazard
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 defer
                 their
                 Exposure
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 late
                 ,
                 than
                 at
                 all
                 too
                 soon
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 favourable
                 Year
                 ,
                 Warm
                 ,
                 and
                 Showry
                 one
                 may
                 do
                 well
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 sooner
                 out
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 Dry
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 Windy
                 Year
                 be
                 not
                 over-hastly
                 of
                 Exposing
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 Places
                 that
                 are
                 low
                 ,
                 you
                 had
                 need
                 yet
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 scrupulous
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 higher
                 and
                 more
                 Elevated
                 :
                 Because
                 commonly
                 ,
                 the
                 free
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 small
                 Breezes
                 spring
                 there
                 ,
                 the
                 Frosts
                 are
                 less
                 to
                 be
                 apprehended
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 as
                 a
                 kind
                 and
                 gentle
                 Shower
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 desired
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 bringing
                 forth
                 ;
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Leaves
                 might
                 be
                 Wash'd
                 and
                 Cleans'd
                 from
                 the
                 dust
                 contracted
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 ,
                 one
                 should
                 be
                 glad
                 of
                 such
                 another
                 Shower
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 we
                 carry
                 them
                 in
                 to
                 cleanse
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Dust
                 gotten
                 on
                 them
                 Abroad
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 that
                 I
                 Counsel
                 you
                 to
                 Retire
                 them
                 whilst
                 it
                 actually
                 Rains
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Sob'd
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 shut
                 up
                 wet
                 ,
                 should
                 soon
                 become
                 soul
                 and
                 squalid
                 again
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Dust
                 settling
                 on
                 them
                 there
                 :
                 However
                 you
                 must
                 Remember
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 one
                 plentiful
                 Watering
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 you
                 have
                 Rang'd
                 and
                 Plac'd
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 directed
                 you
                 in
                 the
                 Eighth
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 wherein
                 we
                 have
                 copiously
                 spoken
                 of
                 Refreshments
                 to
                 be
                 applied
                 whilst
                 Abroad
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 Repeat
                 here
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 great
                 Care
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Cold
                 from
                 piercing
                 into
                 the
                 Green-House
                 :
                 So
                 nor
                 should
                 there
                 be
                 less
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 duly
                 opening
                 the
                 Windows
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 shines
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 preserving
                 them
                 likewise
                 from
                 Rats
                 and
                 Mice
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 this
                 also
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 spoken
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 the
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Green-House
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 only
                 now
                 Remains
                 to
                 Caution
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 be
                 some
                 space
                 left
                 between
                 the
                 Green-House
                 Walk
                 and
                 the
                 Cases
                 ;
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Branches
                 from
                 touching
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 being
                 spoil'd
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 commodiously
                 passing
                 to
                 Visit
                 and
                 Water
                 the
                 Trees
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 if
                 occasion
                 be
                 :
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 your
                 Green-House
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 ample
                 one
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 contain
                 a
                 double
                 Rank
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Ornamentally
                 and
                 with
                 Symmetry
                 all
                 your
                 other
                 Plants
                 (
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 leave
                 an
                 Alley
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy
                 a
                 graceful
                 Walk
                 between
                 them
                 )
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 worth
                 your
                 Consideration
                 how
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 Embellish
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 Vasas
                 ,
                 and
                 Pots
                 of
                 Flowers
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 by
                 placing
                 them
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 plunging
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 grace
                 and
                 become
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 Door
                 ,
                 by
                 setting
                 the
                 lesser
                 Trees
                 and
                 Shrubs
                 above
                 the
                 Greater
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Raising
                 also
                 the
                 Greater
                 on
                 Blocks
                 as
                 on
                 so
                 many
                 Piedestales
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 hide
                 the
                 Naked
                 Walles
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 Blocks
                 themselves
                 too
                 )
                 with
                 Pots
                 and
                 little
                 Boxes
                 :
                 Thus
                 will
                 the
                 Room
                 appear
                 full
                 and
                 aboundantly
                 Furnished
                 :
                 The
                 
                   Lemons
                   ,
                   Limes
                   ,
                   Jessamines
                   ,
                   Myrtles
                   ,
                   Laurel
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Lentises
                
                 and
                 some
                 Cherry-Laurels
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 World
                 of
                 other
                 Simples
                 properly
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Ornament
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 Foliage
                 Rejoyces
                 and
                 Recreates
                 one
                 marvellously
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 Pome-Granate
                 and
                 Rose-Laurel-Trees
                 (
                 loosing
                 their
                 Leaves
                 so
                 soon
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 as
                 neither
                 are
                 the
                 small
                 Sharp-pointed
                 gray
                 Leaves
                 of
                 that
                 other
                 Shrub
                 ,
                 which
                 disparage
                 our
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 disgrace
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 verdant
                 Theatre
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 likewise
                 if
                 Possible
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 bringing
                 them
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 so
                 well
                 ranged
                 within
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 set
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 in
                 as
                 graceful
                 a
                 Figure
                 without
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Decoration
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 Summer
                 in
                 ;
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 so
                 Martial'd
                 as
                 agreeably
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 them
                 appear
                 in
                 greater
                 number
                 than
                 they
                 really
                 are
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 I
                 think
                 there
                 has
                 enough
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 concerning
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 their
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 Shoots
                 ;
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 speak
                 a
                 Word
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 desirable
                 ;
                 and
                 how
                 long
                 they
                 should
                 hang
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 and
                 when
                 to
                 Gather
                 them
                 off
                 ?
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   Orange
                   and
                   Lemon
                   Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 ALL
                 Oranges
                 are
                 either
                 Sweet
                 ,
                 Eger
                 ,
                 or
                 Sharp-sweet
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 participating
                 of
                 both
                 :
                 The
                 Sharp
                 are
                 for
                 Sauces
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 be
                 eaten
                 Raw
                 like
                 other
                 Fruits
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 Form
                 are
                 the
                 Sweetish
                 or
                 Flats
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 one
                 should
                 avoid
                 having
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 if
                 one
                 may
                 chuse
                 :
                 The
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sweet
                   Oranges
                
                 are
                 those
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 kind
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 fine
                 thin
                 Rind
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 Indies
                 .
                 The
                 small
                 China-Oranges
                 are
                 also
                 very
                 agreeable
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Class
                 of
                 
                   Sharp
                   Oranges
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Bigarad●
                 are
                 the
                 Best
                 ,
                 the
                 Fairest
                 and
                 most
                 Considerable
                 .
                 Those
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Rich-depouille
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common
                 Orange-Tree
                 ,
                 whether
                 Grafted
                 or
                 Wild
                 are
                 all
                 likewise
                 Good.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 Orange-Trees
                 that
                 bear
                 Fruit
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 gross
                 and
                 thick
                 Rinds
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 Juice
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 whose
                 Skin
                 is
                 horny
                 and
                 knobb'd
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 Bigarades
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 some
                 which
                 are
                 endued
                 with
                 a
                 Sweet
                 ,
                 thin
                 and
                 delicate
                 Rind
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 goodly
                 Oranges
                 which
                 one
                 should
                 leave
                 to
                 knit
                 ,
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 you
                 find
                 to
                 grow
                 on
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Shoots
                 of
                 that
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Flower
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 or
                 Mid
                 -
                 July
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 that
                 spring
                 from
                 the
                 Shoots
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 Subject
                 to
                 drop
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 off
                 without
                 coming
                 to
                 maturity
                 ,
                 one
                 would
                 reserve
                 but
                 few
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 ought
                 seldom
                 to
                 leave
                 Two
                 together
                 on
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Twig
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 hinder
                 one
                 anothers
                 growth
                 ,
                 being
                 also
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Shoots
                 on
                 which
                 they
                 depend
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 Oranges
                 as
                 knit
                 in
                 June
                 and
                 July
                 ,
                 are
                 seldom
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 Gathered
                 till
                 fourteen
                 or
                 fifteen
                 Months
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 turn
                 Yellow
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 very
                 Leaves
                 of
                 that
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Cedrat
                   Orange-Tree
                
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Tast
                 with
                 the
                 Fruit
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 proper
                 to
                 make
                 Limonades
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Lemon-Trees
                 and
                 Limes
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 of
                 different
                 Sweetnesses
                 and
                 Tartness
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 among
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 :
                 So
                 is
                 there
                 likewise
                 among
                 the
                 Pomcytrons
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Orange
                   and
                   Lemon
                   Trees
                   Planted
                   Abroad
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Ground
                   .
                
              
               
                 SINCE
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 Orange
                 ,
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 do
                 Naturally
                 grow
                 Abroad
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 and
                 plain
                 Earth
                 in
                 Warm
                 and
                 Temperate
                 Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 Art
                 alone
                 we
                 Raise
                 and
                 bring
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 Pots
                 and
                 Cases
                 in
                 Climates
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 severe
                 Winters
                 :
                 It
                 needs
                 must
                 follow
                 ,
                 That
                 these
                 kind
                 of
                 Trees
                 are
                 more
                 disposed
                 to
                 Thrive
                 in
                 the
                 First
                 way
                 of
                 Culture
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 their
                 Roots
                 have
                 free
                 scope
                 and
                 Liberty
                 to
                 receive
                 abundance
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 Second
                 and
                 Artificial
                 Way
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 same
                 Roots
                 being
                 Reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 Narrow
                 Compass
                 ,
                 Imprison'd
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 Surrounded
                 with
                 Air
                 capable
                 of
                 spoiling
                 them
                 ,
                 attain
                 it
                 but
                 in
                 very
                 small
                 proportion
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Planting
                 therefore
                 and
                 Cultivation
                 of
                 these
                 Trees
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 more
                 Mystery
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 Planting
                 of
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 :
                 All
                 the
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Difficulty
                 is
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 protect
                 and
                 secure
                 them
                 with
                 Covering's
                 during
                 Winter
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 besides
                 their
                 being
                 well
                 and
                 substantially
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 thick
                 as
                 the
                 Cold
                 cannot
                 penetrate
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 very
                 Ornamental
                 on
                 the
                 out
                 side
                 if
                 well
                 understood
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 Able
                 ,
                 Curious
                 and
                 Discerning
                 ,
                 take
                 care
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 disposing
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 That
                 which
                 we
                 every
                 Year
                 see
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 admire
                 at
                 Versailles
                 in
                 the
                 Gardens
                 of
                 Trianon
                 ,
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 and
                 Instruction
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 Imitate
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               End
               of
               the
               Treatise
               of
               Orange-Trees
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               
                 TABLE
                 of
                 the
                 CHAPTERS
              
               Of
               the
               TREATISE
               of
               ORANGE-TREES
               .
            
             
               
                 PReface
                 .
                 Page
                 1.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Easie
                 Culture
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 .
                 Pag.
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Conditions
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Green-House
                 .
                 Pag.
                 5.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 several
                 Parts
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Culture
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 .
                 Pag.
                 6.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Composition
                 ,
                 and
                 Mixture
                 of
                 Earth
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 In-Casing
                 of
                 Orange
                 ,
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Pag.
                 7.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 manner
                 how
                 to
                 raise
                 Orange-Trees
                 from
                 the
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 to
                 Graft
                 them
                 :
                 How
                 first
                 to
                 Cultivate
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 newly
                 brought
                 us
                 from
                 the
                 Countries
                 where
                 they
                 grow
                 and
                 live
                 without
                 Art
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 come
                 Stripp'd
                 and
                 Naked
                 without
                 Clod
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 having
                 some
                 Leaves
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 P.
                 10.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                
                 Of
                 the
                 Size
                 and
                 Bigness
                 of
                 good
                 Cases
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Circumstances
                 relating
                 to
                 m.
                 P.
                 12.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 Re-Casings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 manner
                 of
                 doing
                 it
                 .
                 P.
                 13.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VIII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 Watering
                 ;
                 Its
                 Use
                 and
                 Way
                 of
                 Applying
                 it
                 .
                 P.
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Inconveniences
                 which
                 happen
                 to
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 from
                 Over-Waterings
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Fire
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 Green-Houses
                 .
                 P.
                 20.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                
                 What
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Recovery
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 long
                 Neglected
                 ,
                 Ill
                 Govern'd
                 or
                 Spoil'd
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 
                   Cold
                   ,
                   Wet
                   ,
                   Hail
                
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 how
                 to
                 Attain
                 the
                 having
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 always
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 Agreeable
                 both
                 in
                 Shape
                 and
                 Figure
                 ,
                 Health
                 and
                 Vigour
                 .
                 P.
                 22.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XI
                
                 .
                 Directions
                 for
                 the
                 Carrying
                 and
                 Transporting
                 of
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 toplace
                 them
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Green-House
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 what
                 Season
                 best
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 both
                 at
                 their
                 Carrying
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 Bringing
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 whilst
                 they
                 are
                 shut
                 up
                 :
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Of
                 the
                 Ornament
                 they
                 will
                 afford
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 stand
                 in
                 the
                 Green-House
                 .
                 P.
                 30.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 Orange
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 .
                 P.
                 32.
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIII
                
                 .
                 Of
                 Orange
                 and
                 Lemon-Trees
                 Planted
                 Abroad
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Ground
                 .
                 P.
                 33.
                 
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               
            
             
               REFLECTIONS
               Upon
               some
               Parts
               of
               AGRICULTURE
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 INTRODUCTION
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 same
                 Curiosity
                 which
                 made
                 me
                 take
                 Notice
                 of
                 those
                 usual
                 Faults
                 in
                 Gard'ning
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 Discoursed
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 Endeavoured
                 to
                 Correct
                 ,
                 has
                 frequently
                 put
                 me
                 upon
                 making
                 Observations
                 upon
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 Engaged
                 me
                 in
                 some
                 Natural
                 Disquisitions
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 Reduced
                 those
                 Particular
                 Remarks
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 Considerations
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 both
                 the
                 First
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 main
                 Proof
                 of
                 what
                 I
                 here
                 Advance
                 into
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Treatise
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Reflections
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 my
                 Duty
                 to
                 Communicate
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 like
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 Relish
                 well
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 our
                 New
                 Philosophers
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 Extravagant
                 Pretence
                 to
                 Please
                 every
                 Body
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 is
                 possible
                 that
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 great
                 Wits
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 Enlightened
                 Age
                 ,
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 that
                 may
                 observe
                 something
                 in
                 them
                 worth
                 their
                 Notice
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 take
                 occasion
                 to
                 push
                 on
                 their
                 own
                 Enquiries
                 to
                 greater
                 Attainments
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 Person
                 of
                 my
                 weak
                 Abilities
                 can
                 Pretend
                 to
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 carefully
                 Employ'd
                 so
                 many
                 Years
                 in
                 making
                 such
                 Observations
                 upon
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Productions
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 some
                 ways
                 Serviceable
                 to
                 Perfect
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Gard'ning
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 hardly
                 think
                 so
                 very
                 ill
                 of
                 my
                 own
                 Endeavours
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 despised
                 by
                 every
                 Body
                 as
                 Useless
                 and
                 Insignificant
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 at
                 least
                 my
                 good
                 Intentions
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 Unhappy
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 some
                 few
                 that
                 may
                 Approve
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 will
                 however
                 ,
                 I
                 presume
                 ,
                 Accept
                 of
                 this
                 Franc
                 and
                 Ingenuous
                 Account
                 of
                 my
                 Observations
                 ,
                 and
                 Pardon
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 my
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Reasonings
                 thereupon
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 this
                 I
                 shall
                 be
                 very
                 well
                 satisfied
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 therefore
                 begin
                 with
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 what
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 my
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 put
                 me
                 upon
                 making
                 these
                 Re●lection●
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 1.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Different
                   Condition
                   wherein
                   Fruit-Trees
                   appear
                   in
                   those
                   two
                   different
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Tear
                   ,
                   Autumn
                   and
                   Spring
                   .
                
              
               
                 IF
                 you
                 look
                 upon
                 Fruit-Trees
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 dispoiled
                 of
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 there
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 there
                 appears
                 no
                 sign
                 of
                 Life
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 newly
                 Planted
                 ,
                 you
                 wou'd
                 take
                 them
                 for
                 dead
                 Trunks
                 ,
                 or
                 Poles
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 Live
                 Trees
                 ;
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 so
                 perfectly
                 lost
                 the
                 Principle
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 appears
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 hopes
                 they
                 should
                 ever
                 Recover
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 then
                 if
                 you
                 look
                 upon
                 them
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 when
                 both
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 the
                 Young
                 ones
                 begin
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 Blossom
                 or
                 Bud
                 ,
                 or
                 put
                 forth
                 Cions
                 ,
                 you
                 wou'd
                 think
                 they
                 were
                 either
                 performing
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Resurrection
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 really
                 the
                 same
                 we
                 lately
                 saw
                 in
                 so
                 deplorable
                 a
                 Condition
                 ;
                 and
                 wherein
                 we
                 shall
                 first
                 consider
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 wou'd
                 doubtless
                 be
                 very
                 Surprizing
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 common
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 those
                 continual
                 Miracles
                 were
                 not
                 become
                 so
                 familiar
                 to
                 us
                 ;
                 though
                 when
                 a
                 Man
                 seriously
                 considers
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 but
                 be
                 much
                 Abash'd
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 desirous
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 possible
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Manner
                 of
                 such
                 Alterations
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 Particular
                 affords
                 us
                 Matter
                 for
                 two
                 Nice
                 and
                 Weighty
                 Enquiries
                 :
                 The
                 one
                 is
                 ,
                 Whence
                 this
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Action
                 proceeds
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Trees
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 appear
                 Dead
                 when
                 really
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 ?
                 And
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 How
                 that
                 Wonderful
                 Change
                 is
                 Effected
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 a
                 few
                 Months
                 after
                 ,
                 puts
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Course
                 of
                 Acting
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Old
                 Trees
                 becoming
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 space
                 ,
                 as
                 Gay
                 as
                 ever
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Young
                 ones
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 after
                 their
                 Example
                 ,
                 Shooting
                 out
                 Roots
                 at
                 the
                 one
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 Branches
                 at
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 plainly
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 ,
                 quite
                 contrary
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 appeared
                 ,
                 they
                 still
                 continued
                 Live
                 Trees
                 ?
                 As
                 also
                 how
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 liable
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 vicissitudes
                 of
                 Nature
                 :
                 That
                 as
                 Autumn
                 and
                 Spring
                 make
                 their
                 Annual
                 Returns
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 make
                 our
                 Gardens
                 their
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 often
                 present
                 us
                 with
                 new
                 Scenes
                 ?
                 For
                 these
                 Trees
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Nipping
                 Frost
                 ,
                 Return
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Desolate
                 Condition
                 from
                 which
                 we
                 lately
                 saw
                 them
                 Recover
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 is
                 over
                 ,
                 they
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 Conquer
                 and
                 Triumph
                 over
                 their
                 Enemy
                 which
                 had
                 brought
                 them
                 so
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 present
                 us
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Agreeable
                 Verdure
                 wherewith
                 they
                 had
                 formerly
                 Charmed
                 our
                 Senses
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 Represent
                 to
                 others
                 the
                 Conceptions
                 I
                 have
                 of
                 these
                 Different
                 Appearances
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 Illustrate
                 them
                 by
                 Plain
                 ,
                 Vulgar
                 and
                 Sensible
                 Comparisons
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 then
                 ,
                 I
                 imagine
                 an
                 Artificial
                 Tree
                 ,
                 of
                 as
                 solid
                 a
                 Matter
                 as
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 suppose
                 ,
                 or
                 Copper
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 stands
                 upright
                 ,
                 exactly
                 resembling
                 a
                 real
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Tubes
                 or
                 Passages
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 for
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lesser
                 for
                 the
                 Branches
                 and
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 imagine
                 further
                 ,
                 those
                 Tubs
                 or
                 Passages
                 filled
                 either
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 good
                 way
                 ,
                 with
                 Milk.
                 
              
               
                 Things
                 thus
                 prepared
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 this
                 Liquor
                 at
                 Rest
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 its
                 Natural
                 Consistencies
                 ,
                 taking
                 up
                 no
                 more
                 space
                 than
                 its
                 ordinary
                 Quantity
                 requires
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 more
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 than
                 another
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 only
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 no
                 External
                 Heat
                 comes
                 near
                 the
                 Tubes
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 comes
                 near
                 either
                 the
                 ends
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 I
                 perceive
                 the
                 Liquor
                 begin
                 to
                 move
                 ,
                 to
                 Rarifie
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Philosophers
                 speak
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 commonly
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 Boil
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 fill
                 a
                 larger
                 space
                 than
                 it
                 did
                 before
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tubes
                 was
                 empty
                 ,
                 the
                 Liquor
                 swelling
                 as
                 the
                 Heat
                 encreases
                 ,
                 fills
                 them
                 up
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 full
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Liquor
                 discharges
                 it self
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 it
                 does
                 with
                 such
                 force
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 it
                 could
                 find
                 none
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 burst
                 the
                 Tubes
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it self
                 a
                 Passage
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 place
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 large
                 enough
                 to
                 contain
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Green
                 Wood
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 sending
                 out
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Froth
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 Burn
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 an
                 Ocular
                 Demonstration
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 .
              
               
               
                 Now
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Ejected
                 Milky
                 Substance
                 thus
                 Rarified
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 becoming
                 solid
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 produce
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 turn
                 into
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 New
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 give
                 over
                 growing
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Liquor
                 shall
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 thus
                 Heated
                 ,
                 becomes
                 solid
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 succession
                 of
                 such
                 Operations
                 will
                 produce
                 a
                 Continuation
                 of
                 such
                 Effects
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 by
                 these
                 Tubes
                 I
                 would
                 Represent
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Unmoved
                 Liquor
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 Cold
                 ,
                 which
                 fixes
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Liquids
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 the
                 Natural
                 Effects
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Thickens
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 it
                 so
                 Unactive
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 the
                 Ordinary
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Suns
                 Heat
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 Immoveable
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Appearance
                 of
                 Action
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fire
                 warming
                 the
                 Tubes
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 through
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Liquor
                 inclosed
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 Represents
                 the
                 Air
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 themselves
                 warmed
                 ,
                 do
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 warm
                 the
                 real
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 I
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 Manner
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 this
                 Wonderful
                 Operation
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 performed
                 every
                 Spring
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 first
                 Heated
                 by
                 the
                 Rays
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 that
                 lyes
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 receive
                 their
                 Heat
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 immediately
                 Communicate
                 to
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 which
                 they
                 respectively
                 Inclose
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 is
                 Diffused
                 throghout
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 but
                 is
                 especially
                 Lodged
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 chiefly
                 operates
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 it
                 Remained
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Dead
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 having
                 then
                 no
                 motion
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 This
                 Sap
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 feel
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 begins
                 first
                 to
                 move
                 in
                 its
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 Swell
                 and
                 Rarisy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 require
                 more
                 room
                 than
                 it
                 took
                 up
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Hotter
                 the
                 Air
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 grows
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Encreasing
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 Rarifies
                 and
                 Exerts
                 it self
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 Branches
                 and
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 where
                 it
                 finds
                 it self
                 too
                 closely
                 confin'd
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 enter
                 upon
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 Action
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 first
                 Motion
                 or
                 Action
                 ,
                 begins
                 to
                 appear
                 at
                 the
                 upper
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 first
                 ,
                 those
                 Parts
                 Heating
                 first
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 most
                 Expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Heated
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 nor
                 till
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 reach
                 those
                 Parts
                 that
                 are
                 fixed
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 consequently
                 those
                 Parts
                 being
                 at
                 Greatest
                 Distance
                 from
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Last
                 that
                 are
                 sensible
                 of
                 its
                 Heat
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 how
                 far
                 soever
                 this
                 Agitated
                 Sap
                 Reaches
                 ,
                 it
                 immediately
                 shews
                 what
                 it
                 can
                 do
                 ,
                 having
                 this
                 wonderful
                 Quality
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 hardens
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 solid
                 wheresoever
                 it
                 makes
                 its
                 Passage
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 indeed
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Difficult
                 both
                 to
                 Understand
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Explain
                 ,
                 whether
                 we
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Growths
                 ,
                 simply
                 Considered
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 Conjunction
                 with
                 and
                 Adhesion
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Former
                 Year
                 ;
                 or
                 especially
                 the
                 Exactness
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 Proportion
                 of
                 those
                 new
                 Productions
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Extreme
                 Parts
                 of
                 each
                 Branch
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 find
                 Leaves
                 breaking
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 some
                 Plants
                 are
                 diametrically
                 opposite
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 at
                 certain
                 distances
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ;
                 And
                 again
                 ,
                 some
                 Branches
                 are
                 at
                 certain
                 distances
                 so
                 perfectly
                 divided
                 by
                 Knots
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 Contiguous
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 Continued
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 the
                 Fig-Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Elder
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 And
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 the
                 Origine
                 of
                 Flowers
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 Difference
                 of
                 their
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Tast
                 ,
                 Shape
                 ,
                 and
                 Smell
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Barks
                 afford
                 us
                 matter
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Wonder
                 and
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 best
                 account
                 we
                 can
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 pursue
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 this
                 Heated
                 Sap
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 able
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 first
                 Effects
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 do
                 usually
                 discover
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 most
                 Exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Air.
                 Now
                 those
                 Upper
                 Parts
                 are
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 Former
                 is
                 more
                 Massive
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Latter
                 Small
                 and
                 Tender
                 ;
                 Upon
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 Sap
                 Operates
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 latter
                 being
                 Smaller
                 and
                 more
                 Limber
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Finer
                 and
                 more
                 Delicate
                 Bark
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 easily
                 pierced
                 by
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Harder
                 and
                 Larger
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 why
                 those
                 smaller
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 Fruit-Buds
                 they
                 send
                 forth
                 ,
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 Fore-runners
                 of
                 the
                 approaching
                 Spring
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 appears
                 especially
                 in
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 bear
                 Stone-Fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 Buds
                 whereof
                 are
                 then
                 Perfected
                 ,
                 having
                 begun
                 to
                 be
                 Formed
                 at
                 the
                 Latter
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Fall
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Year
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 first
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 concludes
                 in
                 Raising
                 the
                 Buds
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 opens
                 soon
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 rigour
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 does
                 not
                 hinder
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 Fruit
                 to
                 Knot
                 in
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 the
                 Bud
                 ,
                 which
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Gard'ner's
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Care
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 recompense
                 all
                 his
                 Cost
                 and
                 Pains
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Eyes
                 which
                 appear
                 upon
                 the
                 smaller
                 Branches
                 ,
                 particularly
                 those
                 of
                 Core-Fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 enlarges
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 those
                 especially
                 that
                 are
                 nearer
                 the
                 End
                 ,
                 where
                 its
                 Force
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 ;
                 and
                 entering
                 with
                 less
                 Impetuosity
                 into
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 along
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 sends
                 forth
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 lays
                 a
                 Foundation
                 for
                 Fruit-Buds
                 against
                 the
                 next
                 Year
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 years
                 Formation
                 which
                 it
                 finds
                 in
                 any
                 good
                 forwardness
                 ,
                 it
                 goes
                 on
                 to
                 Perfect
                 the
                 following
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 the
                 largest
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 lenites
                 is
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 grow
                 Warm
                 ,
                 goes
                 no
                 further
                 than
                 to
                 enlarge
                 such
                 Eyes
                 as
                 it
                 finds
                 already
                 Formed
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 begin
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 New
                 Branches
                 ,
                 as
                 sometimes
                 also
                 of
                 New
                 Fruit-Buds
                 ,
                 tho'
                 it
                 has
                 not
                 yet
                 received
                 any
                 new
                 supply
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 Trees
                 that
                 are
                 newly
                 Planted
                 ,
                 sprout
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 some
                 signs
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 tho'
                 ●it
                 cannot
                 thence
                 be
                 certainly
                 concluded
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 really
                 Alive
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 small
                 Sprouts
                 are
                 no
                 sure
                 Proof
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 Recovered
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 the
                 Lower
                 End
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 great
                 Difficulty
                 lies
                 in
                 producing
                 a
                 good
                 Set
                 of
                 New
                 Roots
                 :
                 There
                 lies
                 the
                 great
                 Press
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 Recovering
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 whereto
                 are
                 required
                 much
                 greater
                 Efforts
                 of
                 the
                 moving
                 Sap
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 Exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 see
                 what
                 passes
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Element
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Warmth
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 has
                 Allay'd
                 its
                 Natural
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Heated
                 Air
                 has
                 Imparted
                 its
                 Warmth
                 to
                 the
                 Old
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 are
                 therefore
                 to
                 Imagine
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sap
                 being
                 moved
                 in
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 Branches
                 ,
                 requires
                 more
                 space
                 than
                 it
                 took
                 up
                 before
                 ,
                 so
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 moved
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 neither
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 wholly
                 Confined
                 in
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Sap
                 appeared
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 Smaller
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Greater
                 Branches
                 :
                 So
                 it
                 observes
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Method
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 also
                 .
                 The
                 swelling
                 Sap
                 breaks
                 the
                 Bark
                 that
                 contains
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 gets
                 out
                 at
                 every
                 Passage
                 it
                 can
                 possibly
                 make
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 this
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 that
                 above
                 ,
                 was
                 Liquid
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 being
                 got
                 out
                 ,
                 grows
                 Hard
                 ,
                 and
                 assumes
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Form
                 of
                 Roots
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 becomes
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 New
                 Branches
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Origine
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                
              
               
                 THus
                 then
                 this
                 First
                 and
                 Principal
                 Part
                 of
                 Vegeration
                 begins
                 ,
                 Namely
                 ,
                 the
                 Producing
                 of
                 Roots
                 ;
                 Concerning
                 which
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 know
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 Formation
                 they
                 appear
                 White
                 ,
                 much
                 like
                 Bubbles
                 of
                 some
                 Clammy
                 Fluid
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 continue
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Colour
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 shooting
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 this
                 Whiteness
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 call
                 their
                 Native
                 and
                 Infant
                 Colour
                 )
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 more
                 Lively
                 one
                 ,
                 something
                 Red
                 ,
                 which
                 represents
                 their
                 Riper
                 state
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 this
                 lasts
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 Greater
                 Operations
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 are
                 performed
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 certain
                 number
                 of
                 Years
                 ,
                 succeeds
                 a
                 Dusky
                 and
                 Blackish
                 hue
                 ,
                 which
                 plainly
                 shews
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 their
                 Declining
                 Age
                 ;
                 Insomuch
                 that
                 those
                 Roots
                 being
                 no
                 longer
                 able
                 to
                 perform
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Offices
                 ,
                 they
                 become
                 not
                 only
                 Useless
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 so
                 Prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 fitly
                 Resemble
                 them
                 to
                 Rotten
                 Teeth
                 in
                 Animals
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 those
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 pull'd
                 out
                 ,
                 serve
                 only
                 to
                 Torment
                 and
                 Disorder
                 the
                 Body
                 :
                 so
                 unless
                 these
                 Decrepit
                 Roots
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 the
                 Lower
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 will
                 I
                 anguish
                 and
                 Decay
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 have
                 therefore
                 shewn
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 taking
                 away
                 of
                 these
                 Old
                 Roots
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 means
                 of
                 Restoring
                 a
                 Languishing
                 Tree
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 vigour
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 of
                 these
                 Roots
                 that
                 first
                 spring
                 out
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 Weak
                 ,
                 namely
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 Small
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Thicker
                 are
                 also
                 Stronger
                 :
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 Former
                 of
                 these
                 grow
                 very
                 small
                 Ones
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 commonly
                 call
                 Fibers
                 .
                 These
                 last
                 seldom
                 grow
                 to
                 any
                 Considerable
                 Bigness
                 ;
                 each
                 Root
                 acting
                 in
                 Proportion
                 to
                 those
                 several
                 Degrees
                 of
                 strength
                 or
                 weakness
                 ,
                 they
                 naturally
                 have
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 Formation
                 .
                 
                 And
                 of
                 these
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 truly
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 serve
                 but
                 to
                 very
                 little
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 long
                 Continuance
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Pains
                 that
                 many
                 Gard'ners
                 take
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 tho'
                 I
                 may
                 have
                 some
                 regard
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 Planted
                 anew
                 ,
                 I
                 cut
                 them
                 all
                 quite
                 away
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Dealing
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 I
                 endeavour
                 to
                 Justifie
                 in
                 another
                 Place
                 ,
                 where
                 I
                 treat
                 more
                 particularly
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 those
                 Roots
                 that
                 sprung
                 out
                 Large
                 ,
                 and
                 Strong
                 ,
                 and
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 their
                 beginning
                 from
                 a
                 vigorous
                 Principle
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 do
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 grew
                 out
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 themselves
                 Small
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 chief
                 Sinews
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 encrease
                 in
                 Length
                 and
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 do
                 also
                 continually
                 prepare
                 and
                 supply
                 more
                 of
                 such
                 new
                 Matter
                 as
                 is
                 proper
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 Produce
                 new
                 Growths
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 to
                 Strengthen
                 and
                 Enlarge
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 already
                 Produced
                 at
                 the
                 upper
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 such
                 Roots
                 especially
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 Thrive
                 well
                 are
                 beholding
                 for
                 their
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 Bulk
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruitfulness
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 Observe
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 wherein
                 that
                 Sap
                 which
                 turns
                 to
                 Branches
                 because
                 it
                 goes
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Upper
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 become
                 Roots
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 made
                 it's
                 Passage
                 on
                 t
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Earth
                 
                   &
                   c'est
                   ce
                   qui
                   s'appelle
                   Marcoter
                   ,
                   ou
                   Provigner
                   .
                
                 And
                 contrariwise
                 ,
                 that
                 Sap
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 under
                 ground
                 turns
                 to
                 Roots
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 Branches
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 come
                 out
                 above
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 heartily
                 wish
                 it
                 were
                 as
                 easie
                 to
                 make
                 Roots
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 in
                 other
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 setting
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 
                   Vines
                   ,
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   Quince-Trees
                   ,
                   Goosberry-Trees
                   ,
                   Myrtle
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Advantages
                 that
                 would
                 thence
                 accrue
                 would
                 be
                 vast
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 infinite
                 ,
                 will
                 easily
                 appear
                 by
                 a
                 General
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 without
                 descending
                 to
                 Particulars
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 Improper
                 to
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 though
                 the
                 Orifices
                 which
                 the
                 Rarify'd
                 Sap
                 makes
                 ,
                 be
                 ordinarily
                 either
                 Horizontal
                 ,
                 or
                 on
                 the
                 Lower
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 yet
                 sometimes
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 on
                 the
                 Upper
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 Roots
                 ,
                 send
                 forth
                 Shoots
                 ,
                 which
                 grow
                 up
                 into
                 New
                 Trees
                 .
                 This
                 Observation
                 is
                 as
                 certain
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 I
                 am
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 Demonstrating
                 to
                 others
                 how
                 the
                 different
                 Situation
                 of
                 those
                 Orifices
                 alone
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 such
                 different
                 Effects
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 Ingenuously
                 confess
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 find
                 out
                 a
                 Reason
                 sufficient
                 to
                 satisfie
                 my self
                 therein
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 imagine
                 how
                 they
                 Encrease
                 in
                 Length
                 and
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 by
                 comparing
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Stream
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 grows
                 longer
                 and
                 broader
                 ,
                 and
                 stronger
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 arises
                 ,
                 supplies
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 :
                 For
                 just
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 ascending
                 continually
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 to
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 is
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 all
                 those
                 New
                 Productions
                 we
                 there
                 behold
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 yet
                 think
                 of
                 any
                 Material
                 Agent
                 ,
                 that
                 might
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Represent
                 the
                 manner
                 how
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 those
                 especially
                 of
                 Trees
                 Newly
                 Planted
                 ,
                 do
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Grow
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 Convey
                 Sap
                 to
                 their
                 Trees
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 I
                 were
                 not
                 afraid
                 of
                 Disparaging
                 the
                 Glorious
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Angels
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 borrow
                 a
                 Parallel
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 my
                 Conceptions
                 in
                 this
                 Matter
                 the
                 better
                 understood
                 :
                 For
                 indeed
                 ,
                 those
                 Spiritual
                 Beings
                 Act
                 with
                 all
                 possible
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Moment
                 their
                 Creation
                 has
                 given
                 them
                 an
                 Existence
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 these
                 New
                 Roots
                 no
                 sooner
                 appear
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 ones
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 immediately
                 enter
                 upon
                 Action
                 in
                 searching
                 out
                 their
                 own
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Action
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 they
                 contribute
                 towards
                 their
                 own
                 Encrease
                 in
                 Largness
                 and
                 Number
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 Tree
                 which
                 they
                 Support
                 ,
                 equally
                 to
                 Encrease
                 in
                 Thickness
                 and
                 Length
                 ,
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 quantity
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 And
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Astonishment
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 Considers
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Action
                 ,
                 Effect
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Sett
                 of
                 New
                 Roots
                 that
                 the
                 Rarified
                 Sap
                 produces
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 Employed
                 in
                 Feeding
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 also
                 immediately
                 Contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 a
                 second
                 Course
                 of
                 Roots
                 which
                 grow
                 out
                 at
                 their
                 ends
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 like
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 whereby
                 they
                 also
                 become
                 both
                 Larger
                 and
                 Stronger
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Joint-force
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Root
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 becomes
                 Longer
                 and
                 better
                 Fortify'd
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 yet
                 more
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 this
                 second
                 Range
                 both
                 contributes
                 to
                 the
                 Feeding
                 and
                 Enlarging
                 the
                 first
                 
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 Sprang
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 a
                 continued
                 Course
                 of
                 Acting
                 grow
                 bigger
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 produce
                 a
                 third
                 Course
                 of
                 little
                 Roots
                 ,
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 closely
                 Link'd
                 ,
                 Interwoven
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Incorporated
                 into
                 the
                 two
                 former
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 possible
                 to
                 Loose
                 and
                 Disentangle
                 them
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 three
                 New
                 Growths
                 make
                 up
                 one
                 Body
                 of
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 then
                 more
                 able
                 to
                 Act
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 after
                 that
                 those
                 two
                 former
                 Growths
                 have
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 given
                 Being
                 to
                 this
                 third
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 receive
                 from
                 it
                 that
                 Supply
                 which
                 before
                 the
                 first
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 second
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 continually
                 Enlarging
                 themselves
                 by
                 an
                 endless
                 Succession
                 of
                 such
                 New
                 Productions
                 ,
                 and
                 Mutually
                 doing
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 receiving
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 those
                 good
                 Offices
                 that
                 preserve
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 also
                 preserve
                 the
                 Tree
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 parts
                 Alive
                 and
                 Vigorous
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 I
                 cannot
                 fully
                 Comprehend
                 this
                 continued
                 Miracle
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 Vegetables
                 .
                 I
                 see
                 plainly
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 Rarefaction
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 the
                 first
                 Roots
                 have
                 their
                 Being
                 ;
                 but
                 considering
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 Live
                 and
                 Mutually
                 Act
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 it
                 a
                 very
                 difficult
                 Matter
                 to
                 Account
                 for
                 the
                 Acting
                 either
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 or
                 second
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 following
                 Growths
                 ,
                 so
                 immediately
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 formed
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 Idle
                 and
                 Unactive
                 one
                 Moment
                 after
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 formed
                 since
                 that
                 might
                 make
                 them
                 Dye
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 wou'd
                 certainly
                 Dye
                 also
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 what
                 is
                 thus
                 performed
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Production
                 of
                 Roots
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 illustrated
                 by
                 comparing
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Lighting
                 of
                 a
                 Torch
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 help
                 our
                 Conception
                 of
                 this
                 first
                 Act
                 of
                 Vegitation
                 .
                 —
                 The
                 Torch
                 continues
                 wholly
                 Useless
                 and
                 Unactive
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 that
                 contains
                 it
                 ,
                 till
                 a
                 little
                 Fire
                 and
                 Flame
                 ,
                 apply'd
                 to
                 it
                 from
                 some
                 other
                 Matter
                 ,
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Condition
                 of
                 Burning
                 and
                 Flaming
                 it Self
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 Fire
                 and
                 Flame
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Action
                 ,
                 encreasing
                 in
                 the
                 Torch
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 Communicated
                 .
              
               
                 Just
                 so
                 the
                 Tree
                 remains
                 Unactive
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Vegetative
                 Motion
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 '
                 til
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 something
                 else
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 By
                 the
                 Efforts
                 of
                 Rarefactiion
                 ,
                 its
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 having
                 made
                 some
                 small
                 Beginnings
                 of
                 new
                 Roots
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 those
                 old
                 ones
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 ,
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 begins
                 to
                 perform
                 all
                 the
                 Offices
                 of
                 a
                 Live
                 Tree
                 ,
                 those
                 new
                 Roots
                 encreasing
                 and
                 enlarging
                 themselves
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Operations
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Case
                 ,
                 the
                 Encrease
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Fire
                 and
                 Flame
                 proceeds
                 from
                 their
                 Acting
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 melted
                 down
                 something
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Matter
                 that
                 is
                 proper
                 for
                 it
                 to
                 Work
                 upon
                 ,
                 it
                 furnishes
                 both
                 the
                 Fire
                 and
                 the
                 Flame
                 with
                 more
                 Fuel
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 puts
                 both
                 into
                 a
                 Condition
                 of
                 Acting
                 more
                 vigorously
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 first
                 Root
                 being
                 Enliven'd
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 it
                 its
                 Being
                 ,
                 it
                 enlarges
                 it self
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Degree
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 large
                 quantity
                 of
                 new
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 becoming
                 thereby
                 stronger
                 and
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 perform
                 that
                 kind
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 it
                 at
                 last
                 produces
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Roots
                 ;
                 by
                 means
                 whereof
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 becomes
                 more
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 Large
                 and
                 Vigorous
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 easily
                 perceive
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Torch
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 Heat
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 Matter
                 it
                 melts
                 down
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 observe
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 melted
                 Matter
                 serves
                 to
                 encrease
                 the
                 same
                 Heat
                 that
                 melted
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Heat
                 thus
                 encreased
                 has
                 still
                 a
                 greater
                 power
                 to
                 Subtilize
                 the
                 Matter
                 upon
                 which
                 it
                 Acts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 turn
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 proportionably
                 thinner
                 Vapour
                 and
                 Exhalation
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 large
                 Flame
                 bigger
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Augmented
                 Flame
                 does
                 again
                 encrease
                 the
                 Heat
                 that
                 produc'd
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 we
                 see
                 a
                 Circulation
                 of
                 Actions
                 and
                 Re-actions
                 perform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 the
                 Flame
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fuel
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 moreover
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Torch
                 the
                 more
                 Matter
                 the
                 Fire
                 Acts
                 upon
                 ,
                 the
                 clearer
                 the
                 Flame
                 is
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 More
                 and
                 the
                 Better
                 Roots
                 the
                 Trees
                 send
                 forth
                 ,
                 the
                 larger
                 the
                 Branches
                 also
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 longer
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 live
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 also
                 ,
                 why
                 Trees
                 standing
                 alone
                 have
                 a
                 much
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Roots
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 set
                 against
                 a
                 Wall
                 ;
                 because
                 these
                 latter
                 have
                 Roots
                 only
                 on
                 one
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 have
                 them
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 .
                 From
                 whence
                 also
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 former
                 do
                 usually
                 much
                 exceed
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Height
                 ,
                 Thickness
                 and
                 Duration
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Roots
                 to
                 Act
                 ,
                 be
                 at
                 first
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 both
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Fire
                 that
                 Lights
                 a
                 great
                 Torch
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 Lights
                 a
                 little
                 one
                 ,
                 yet
                 this
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 seems
                 to
                 grow
                 stronger
                 in
                 a
                 Tree
                 that
                 sends
                 forth
                 many
                 Roots
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 one
                 that
                 sends
                 forth
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 ;
                 each
                 Root
                 according
                 to
                 
                 its
                 first
                 Natural
                 strength
                 and
                 bigness
                 ,
                 growing
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 particular
                 and
                 distinct
                 Agent
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 each
                 Preserving
                 and
                 Improving
                 those
                 Assistances
                 which
                 it
                 hath
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 does
                 receive
                 from
                 the
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 remain
                 void
                 of
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 it
                 every
                 day
                 Acts
                 more
                 vigorously
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 really
                 encrease
                 its
                 power
                 of
                 Acting
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 its
                 Length
                 and
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 as
                 it
                 Multiplies
                 it self
                 ;
                 which
                 it
                 does
                 after
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 Flame
                 of
                 a
                 Torch
                 grows
                 stronger
                 by
                 the
                 supply
                 of
                 new
                 Fuel
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 prepare
                 themselves
                 by
                 continually
                 encreasing
                 their
                 Heat
                 and
                 Light
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 both
                 ,
                 the
                 larger
                 the
                 Matter
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 is
                 the
                 Action
                 ;
                 only
                 with
                 this
                 difference
                 ,
                 That
                 whereas
                 the
                 first
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 Flame
                 ,
                 do
                 both
                 perish
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 that
                 first
                 Matter
                 which
                 gave
                 them
                 Being
                 is
                 Consumed
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 one
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 Annihilated
                 ,
                 the
                 Tree's
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 still
                 subsists
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 lost
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 Roots
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 taking
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 away
                 proves
                 the
                 most
                 effectual
                 Means
                 of
                 making
                 it
                 Grow
                 and
                 Flourish
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 must
                 therefore
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 certain
                 Truth
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 every
                 Plant
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 continuing
                 the
                 Rarefaction
                 ,
                 does
                 also
                 continue
                 both
                 the
                 Being
                 and
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 in
                 their
                 Formation
                 :
                 That
                 't
                 is
                 this
                 Inward
                 Principle
                 ,
                 which
                 Co-operating
                 with
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 those
                 Offices
                 which
                 Nature
                 has
                 Assigned
                 them
                 ,
                 Assists
                 them
                 in
                 performing
                 what
                 otherwise
                 it
                 were
                 impossible
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 Effect
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 this
                 Principle
                 alone
                 that
                 gives
                 these
                 Roots
                 a
                 Power
                 either
                 to
                 Attract
                 ,
                 or
                 Receive
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 hereafter
                 give
                 my
                 Opinion
                 in
                 this
                 Grand
                 Question
                 concerning
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 at
                 present
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 Roots
                 that
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 Act
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 once
                 sever'd
                 from
                 the
                 Trees
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 formed
                 ;
                 I
                 only
                 say
                 sever'd
                 ;
                 for
                 of
                 Roots
                 first
                 pluck'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 again
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 any
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 Recover
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Act
                 again
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 principal
                 Roots
                 of
                 
                   Elms
                   ,
                   Rose-Trees
                   ,
                   Vines
                   ,
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   Raspish-Bushes
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 very
                 sprightly
                 Shrubs
                 ,
                 may
                 sometimes
                 send
                 forth
                 at
                 that
                 end
                 which
                 was
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 Cut
                 off
                 ,
                 such
                 Sprouts
                 as
                 may
                 become
                 
                   Elms
                   ,
                   Rose-Trees
                   ,
                   Vines
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 Privilege
                 peculiar
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 cannot
                 draw
                 any
                 General
                 Consequence
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 other
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 may
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 whole
                 we
                 may
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 every
                 Tree
                 a
                 certain
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 which
                 makes
                 its
                 Roots
                 to
                 Act
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Capacity
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 must
                 also
                 allow
                 that
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 this
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 difference
                 between
                 Trees
                 :
                 The
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 being
                 equal
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 does
                 equally
                 Heat
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Ground
                 equally
                 Good
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 equally
                 Expos'd
                 to
                 its
                 Rays
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 that
                 are
                 Planted
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 seemed
                 all
                 in
                 good
                 Condition
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Set
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 produce
                 Roots
                 in
                 abundance
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 Languish
                 and
                 Dye
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 failure
                 must
                 ordinarily
                 be
                 Ascribed
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 supposed
                 equally
                 well
                 Qualified
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 which
                 also
                 Acts
                 equally
                 upon
                 both
                 It
                 ,
                 and
                 Them.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Planted
                 Trees
                 therefore
                 do
                 chiefly
                 Act
                 by
                 their
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 being
                 Animated
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 send
                 forth
                 Young
                 ones
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 Actings
                 whereof
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 obliged
                 for
                 that
                 constant
                 Supply
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 which
                 preserves
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 Grow
                 .
                 Custom
                 has
                 fix'd
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Sap
                 upon
                 this
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 we
                 shall
                 commonly
                 call
                 it
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Sap.
                   
                
              
               
                 BEfore
                 I
                 proceed
                 to
                 a
                 closer
                 Disquisition
                 about
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 Plants
                 that
                 Chile
                 ;
                 or
                 Blood
                 are
                 in
                 Animals
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 being
                 also
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 Plants
                 ,
                 that
                 Food
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 is
                 to
                 Animals
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 requisite
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Earth
                 serves
                 to
                 produce
                 ,
                 and
                 nourish
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 Virtue
                 or
                 Principle
                 of
                 Fertility
                 necessary
                 for
                 such
                 performances
                 ,
                 so
                 't
                 is
                 also
                 certain
                 that
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 duly
                 moistened
                 it
                 cannot
                 
                 perform
                 those
                 Offices
                 .
                 Just
                 as
                 Sené
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 Purging
                 Nature
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 operate
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 proportionate
                 quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Liquid
                 ,
                 wherein
                 it
                 is
                 Infus'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 Infusion
                 ,
                 it
                 Communicates
                 its
                 Vertue
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 this
                 Purging
                 Quality
                 becomes
                 altogether
                 Ineffectual
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 Water
                 be
                 too
                 great
                 for
                 the
                 Quantity
                 of
                 the
                 Sené
                 ,
                 so
                 also
                 the
                 Earth
                 becomes
                 Unfruitful
                 ,
                 and
                 Rots
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 most
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 Drench'd
                 or
                 Cover'd
                 with
                 Water
                 .
                 It
                 requires
                 some
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 too
                 much
                 Moisture
                 ;
                 and
                 too
                 much
                 Wet
                 is
                 altogether
                 as
                 Prejudicial
                 ,
                 as
                 too
                 much
                 Drought
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 wheresoever
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 too
                 Dry
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 necessarily
                 Barren
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 the
                 Ground
                 we
                 commonly
                 call
                 Good
                 ,
                 is
                 attended
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 real
                 Water
                 diffus'd
                 through
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Water
                 comes
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 Rain
                 ,
                 or
                 Snow
                 ,
                 or
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 or
                 Springs
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 by
                 Artificial
                 Conveyances
                 ;
                 which
                 Water
                 having
                 by
                 its
                 Weight
                 sunk
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 diffused
                 it self
                 through
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 ,
                 as
                 Philosophers
                 speak
                 ,
                 Impregnated
                 with
                 the
                 Nitre
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Fertile
                   Salt
                
                 of
                 that
                 Earth
                 :
                 Or
                 ,
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Gard'ners
                 Term
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 so
                 far
                 Seasoned
                 with
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 that
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 assume
                 its
                 Taste
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 Communicates
                 to
                 those
                 Plants
                 it
                 Nourishes
                 .
                 The
                 Truth
                 of
                 which
                 Observation
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 Evinced
                 from
                 Experience
                 in
                 Wines
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 receive
                 different
                 Tastes
                 from
                 the
                 different
                 Soils
                 they
                 Grow
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Impregnated
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 whether
                 its
                 Tincture
                 be
                 perceiveable
                 by
                 Sense
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 serves
                 to
                 make
                 Minerals
                 and
                 Fountains
                 :
                 And
                 another
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 just
                 now
                 said
                 ,
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 Production
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 Vegetables
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 in
                 every
                 Earth
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Substance
                 as
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 that
                 Water
                 we
                 are
                 going
                 to
                 Treat
                 of
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 immediately
                 appear
                 very
                 different
                 both
                 in
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Consistency
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 has
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 several
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 ceases
                 to
                 be
                 pure
                 and
                 simple
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 whereas
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 Liquid
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 perfectly
                 Hard
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Metamorphosed
                 into
                 the
                 Nature
                 either
                 of
                 Fruits
                 or
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 of
                 Wood
                 or
                 Bark
                 ,
                 or
                 Pith
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 makes
                 a
                 Body
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 Hard
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 into
                 the
                 several
                 
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 hence
                 perhaps
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 the
                 Simple
                 Dew
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 sprinkled
                 upon
                 certain
                 Flowers
                 in
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Meadows
                 ,
                 becomes
                 changed
                 ,
                 part
                 into
                 Honey
                 ,
                 part
                 into
                 Wax
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 into
                 little
                 thin
                 Coats
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Bees
                 have
                 with
                 their
                 usual
                 Industry
                 Collected
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Instinct
                 and
                 Direction
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 Wrought
                 and
                 Separated
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 this
                 Hardening
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Ascribed
                 to
                 any
                 Quality
                 peculiar
                 to
                 it self
                 ,
                 since
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 what
                 the
                 Skin
                 in
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 in
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 supposed
                 to
                 effect
                 ,
                 for
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 likelihood
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 grosser
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 imagine
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 Power
                 of
                 Communicating
                 their
                 own
                 Density
                 to
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 inward
                 parts
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 Bathed
                 and
                 Drench'd
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 When
                 the
                 Sap
                 passing
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Ascends
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Filtration
                 ,
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Quantity
                 ,
                 rises
                 even
                 above
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 adds
                 something
                 to
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 therefore
                 must
                 be
                 Ascribed
                 to
                 the
                 Vertue
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Trees
                 makes
                 this
                 Sap
                 so
                 Hard
                 and
                 Durable
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 Dissolv'd
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 Continuance
                 in
                 some
                 Corroding
                 or
                 Putrifying
                 Moisture
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Skins
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Fruits
                 makes
                 only
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Congelation
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 as
                 is
                 easily
                 Dissolv'd
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Chewing
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 violent
                 Bruising
                 .
              
               
                 Common
                 Salt
                 apply'd
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 a
                 Vessel
                 full
                 of
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 encompassed
                 with
                 Ice
                 ,
                 has
                 altogether
                 the
                 same
                 Vertue
                 of
                 Congealing
                 the
                 Liquor
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 Persons
                 of
                 Qualities
                 Servants
                 furnish
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 Summer
                 with
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Artificial
                 Snows
                 ,
                 and
                 delightful
                 Coolers
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 one
                 very
                 great
                 Difficulty
                 ,
                 How
                 both
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 themselves
                 grow
                 Hard
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 afterwards
                 encrease
                 and
                 enlarge
                 themselves
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ,
                 passes
                 my
                 Skill
                 ,
                 as
                 indeed
                 do
                 most
                 other
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Course
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 is
                 this
                 all
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Water
                 being
                 made
                 Sap
                 by
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 turns
                 by
                 degrees
                 into
                 a
                 solid
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 also
                 undergoes
                 several
                 other
                 Changes
                 
                 which
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 Wonderful
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 :
                 For
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 grows
                 Stinking
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Onion
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Leek
                   ,
                   Wormwood
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Another
                 part
                 becomes
                 Odoriferous
                 ,
                 viz.
                 In
                 the
                 formation
                 of
                 
                   Jonquille
                   Balm
                   Jassimen
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 't
                 is
                 ranck
                 Poyson
                 in
                 Aconit
                 and
                 Hemlock
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Antidote
                 in
                 the
                 Antorat
                 and
                 Rhubarb
                 ;
                 it
                 becomes
                 of
                 a
                 bitter
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 viscous
                 Consistency
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 Stone-Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 thinner
                 ,
                 but
                 clammy
                 withal
                 ,
                 in
                 Fig-Trees
                 and
                 Jitimales
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 of
                 an
                 Oily
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 Indian-C●esnut
                 ,
                 Clear
                 and
                 Sweet
                 in
                 the
                 Mulberry
                 ,
                 in
                 Core-Fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 Sallow
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Vine
                 wherein
                 it
                 becomes
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 be
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 great
                 Master-Piece
                 both
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Art
                 ,
                 begun
                 by
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 perfected
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 How
                 can
                 a
                 Man
                 choose
                 but
                 be
                 wonderfully
                 astonish'd
                 when
                 he
                 Considers
                 how
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 sweetish
                 ,
                 simple
                 ,
                 and
                 harmless
                 Juice
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 Lodg'd
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Cells
                 of
                 the
                 Grape
                 ,
                 shou'd
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 out
                 ,
                 make
                 so
                 Rich
                 ,
                 so
                 Strong
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Noble
                 a
                 Liquor
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 strange
                 indeed
                 that
                 this
                 simple
                 Juice
                 ,
                 upon
                 its
                 passage
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 Natural
                 Cells
                 (
                 where
                 it
                 first
                 Contracted
                 such
                 an
                 extream
                 sharpness
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 by
                 degrees
                 became
                 Mellow
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 manag'd
                 the
                 whole
                 process
                 of
                 the
                 Ripening
                 )
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 Collected
                 and
                 Shut
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 shou'd
                 pass
                 such
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Change
                 as
                 makes
                 it
                 the
                 Delight
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 for
                 no
                 sooner
                 is
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Vessel
                 than
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 Ferment
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Boil
                 up
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 if
                 its
                 parts
                 were
                 forced
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 an
                 External
                 Fire
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 this
                 Natural
                 Agitation
                 it
                 so
                 Purges
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 comes
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 shou'd
                 certainly
                 judge
                 Impossible
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 were
                 not
                 Convinc'd
                 by
                 Experience
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 Sap
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 Stocks
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 as
                 bear
                 Core-Fruit
                 ,
                 is
                 Insipid
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 becomes
                 of
                 a
                 quite
                 different
                 Taste
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Fruits
                 which
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Trees
                 do
                 respectively
                 bear
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 a
                 Flavour
                 in
                 some
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 not
                 in
                 others
                 ;
                 it
                 has
                 a
                 Sweet
                 and
                 Sugarish
                 Taste
                 in
                 the
                 Bergamot-Pear
                 and
                 Bon-Chretien
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Eager
                 and
                 Harsh
                 one
                 in
                 the
                 Franc-real
                 and
                 Angober
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 Quince-Tree
                 naturally
                 produces
                 a
                 Hard
                 ,
                 Sharp
                 ,
                 and
                 Unpleasant
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 go
                 out
                 at
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 into
                 a
                 Graff
                 of
                 a
                 Butter-Pear
                 ,
                 or
                 Ambrette
                 ,
                 will
                 produce
                 a
                 Sweet
                 Mellow
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 other
                 into
                 an
                 Amadote
                 ,
                 or
                 Robin
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 Musk
                 ,
                 a
                 Waterish
                 and
                 well
                 Scented
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 different
                 Graffs
                 in
                 some
                 Trees
                 managing
                 and
                 altering
                 the
                 Sap
                 that
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 in
                 Water-works
                 the
                 Instruments
                 do
                 the
                 Water
                 that
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 elevated
                 Source
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Artificial
                 Fountains
                 being
                 Naturally
                 alike
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 Represent
                 any
                 Figure
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Drinking-Glass
                 ,
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Crown
                   ,
                   Flower-de-Liz
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Difference
                 of
                 the
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 opening
                 whereof
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 forced
                 out
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 Weight
                 ,
                 rises
                 up
                 in
                 various
                 forms
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 Stoek
                 of
                 a
                 Quince-Tree
                 ,
                 being
                 equally
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Graffs
                 determin'd
                 to
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 sort
                 in
                 particular
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 particular
                 Alterations
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 undergoes
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 it
                 enters
                 ,
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 Wonderful
                 than
                 Infinite
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Juggler
                 ,
                 who
                 of
                 Simple
                 Water
                 which
                 he
                 Drinks
                 Vomits
                 up
                 so
                 many
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 all
                 differing
                 in
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Smell
                 ,
                 performs
                 by
                 Art
                 what
                 nearly
                 resembles
                 the
                 Working
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 those
                 Stocks
                 whereon
                 the
                 slips
                 of
                 several
                 Trees
                 are
                 Graffed
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 of
                 this
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 properly
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 Water
                 prepar'd
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 may
                 indeed
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 very
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 for
                 its
                 Support
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 goes
                 up
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 make
                 some
                 new
                 Addition
                 in
                 the
                 Height
                 or
                 Thickness
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 it self
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 produce
                 
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   Fruits
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Passage
                   of
                   the
                   Sap.
                   
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Arguments
                 we
                 have
                 to
                 prove
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 ascends
                 principally
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 are
                 grounded
                 upon
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 undeniable
                 Experiments
                 ;
                 whereof
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 Graffs
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 these
                 Graffs
                 are
                 not
                 rightly
                 apply'd
                 ,
                 but
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Experiment
                 wou'd
                 not
                 succeed
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Slip
                 ,
                 or
                 little
                 Branch
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 Engraffed
                 ,
                 have
                 its
                 Bark
                 likewise
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 so
                 exactly
                 plac'd
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ascending
                 Sap
                 may
                 pass
                 under
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 the
                 Graff
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 Vine
                 that
                 is
                 Graffed
                 without
                 such
                 an
                 exact
                 fitting
                 of
                 the
                 Barks
                 ;
                 and
                 indeed
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 properly
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 no
                 Bark
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 it
                 being
                 so
                 Porous
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 ascends
                 in
                 great
                 quantity
                 both
                 athwart
                 ,
                 and
                 into
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 Bole
                 as
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 Suck
                 in
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 more
                 Nourishment
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 Plant
                 we
                 know
                 of
                 ;
                 and
                 has
                 also
                 a
                 power
                 of
                 Digesting
                 it
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 upon
                 its
                 issuing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 easily
                 does
                 by
                 any
                 the
                 least
                 Incis●on
                 you
                 can
                 make
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 keep
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 without
                 Corrupting
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 that
                 very
                 different
                 from
                 the
                 Sap
                 of
                 Stone-Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 keep
                 much
                 longer
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Tree
                 than
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 Animals
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 turns
                 to
                 Slime
                 and
                 Putrefaction
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Natural
                 Vessels
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 no
                 Plant
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 Graffed
                 by
                 a
                 simple
                 Incision
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 another
                 Plant
                 ,
                 without
                 an
                 exact
                 fitting
                 of
                 the
                 Barks
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 nor
                 indeed
                 is
                 a
                 
                 Vine-slip
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 so
                 justly
                 Adapted
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 all
                 other
                 Trees
                 might
                 be
                 Graffed
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 as
                 the
                 Vine
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 them
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 pass'd
                 up
                 the
                 Bole
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 quantity
                 as
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 join
                 and
                 incorporate
                 the
                 Graff
                 into
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 also
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Sap
                 never
                 passes
                 out
                 of
                 such
                 new
                 Branches
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 as
                 are
                 without
                 Bark
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 will
                 it
                 ever
                 pass
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Bole
                 when
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 is
                 cut
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 that
                 are
                 crop'd
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 any
                 Stock
                 when
                 the
                 Tree
                 is
                 cut
                 down
                 ;
                 whereas
                 ordinarily
                 about
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 cut
                 Tree
                 or
                 Branch
                 having
                 Bark
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 the
                 place
                 whither
                 all
                 the
                 Sap
                 that
                 was
                 prepar'd
                 in
                 the
                 Root
                 chiefly
                 directs
                 its
                 course
                 ,
                 it
                 there
                 forms
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Branches
                 which
                 break
                 through
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 formation
                 fasten
                 upon
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 which
                 is
                 nearest
                 the
                 Breach
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Bark
                 ;
                 though
                 these
                 Branches
                 are
                 not
                 near
                 so
                 firmly
                 united
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 are
                 to
                 an
                 old
                 Branch
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 produces
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 Argument
                 to
                 prove
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 passes
                 up
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 which
                 goes
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Wood
                 while
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 burning
                 ;
                 and
                 especially
                 if
                 you
                 burn
                 it
                 soon
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 cut
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Stock
                 that
                 nourished
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Liquor
                 issuing
                 out
                 like
                 a
                 whitish
                 Froth
                 ,
                 and
                 bubling
                 out
                 from
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 Bark
                 ,
                 falls
                 down
                 and
                 turns
                 to
                 perfect
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 whence
                 I
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 dissolving
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 passed
                 through
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 was
                 formerly
                 the
                 Nutriment
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 differing
                 now
                 from
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 then
                 only
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 whereas
                 the
                 Moisture
                 upon
                 its
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 acting
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 render'd
                 capable
                 of
                 assuming
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Quality
                 of
                 such
                 Sap
                 as
                 was
                 proper
                 for
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 becomes
                 of
                 somewhat
                 a
                 thicker
                 consistency
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Branch
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 fed
                 and
                 enlarg'd
                 ,
                 is
                 sever'd
                 from
                 the
                 Live
                 Tree
                 to
                 which
                 it
                 belong'd
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 is
                 pluck'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 In
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 cases
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 laid
                 to
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 whole
                 Years
                 without
                 any
                 Alteraration
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Tree
                 or
                 Branch
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 that
                 is
                 moderately
                 warm
                 and
                 moist
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Tree
                 or
                 Branch
                 coming
                 at
                 the
                 Years
                 end
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 again
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 Graffed
                 upon
                 a
                 good
                 Stock
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 warm
                 Sun
                 ,
                 flourishes
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 never
                 remov'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 places
                 where
                 they
                 first
                 grew
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 confirmed
                 by
                 Experience
                 in
                 Trees
                 and
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 we
                 receive
                 safe
                 and
                 sound
                 from
                 Foreign
                 Parts
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 certain
                 Seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 we
                 send
                 thither
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 if
                 instead
                 of
                 Replanting
                 this
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Branch
                 for
                 a
                 Graff
                 ,
                 you
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 see
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 turn'd
                 into
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 a
                 little
                 thicken'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 heated
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 first
                 to
                 grow
                 thin
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 Rarifie
                 it self
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 as
                 to
                 pass
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 or
                 Branch
                 in
                 a
                 thousand
                 little
                 Sources
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 its
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Tree
                 was
                 really
                 nothing
                 but
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 afterwards
                 suffer'd
                 so
                 many
                 Alterations
                 both
                 in
                 Colour
                 and
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Consistency
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 recovers
                 the
                 Natural
                 simplicity
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 it
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Remains
                 of
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 those
                 great
                 Changes
                 it
                 had
                 undergone
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 a
                 little
                 sharpness
                 in
                 the
                 Smoak
                 ,
                 which
                 doubtless
                 is
                 only
                 Accidental
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 those
                 pieces
                 of
                 Wood
                 are
                 consumed
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 from
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 makes
                 this
                 Rarified
                 Water
                 to
                 pass
                 out
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 does
                 the
                 same
                 also
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 inward
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 successively
                 and
                 circularly
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 one
                 Lair
                 after
                 another
                 ;
                 which
                 it
                 does
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Heat
                 advancing
                 reaches
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 circular
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 inner
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Wood.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 yet
                 this
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 destroying
                 my
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 passes
                 up
                 chiefly
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 mightily
                 confirms
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 inward
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 having
                 been
                 in
                 their
                 turn
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 each
                 soaked
                 in
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 passed
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 being
                 it self
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 Sap
                 condensed
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 strange
                 thing
                 to
                 see
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 Dissolution
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Matter
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 made
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 further
                 proof
                 of
                 this
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 two
                 Arguments
                 to
                 offer
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 seem
                 to
                 me
                 very
                 strong
                 and
                 cogent
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 being
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 grown
                 thick
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 cold
                 ,
                 so
                 strongly
                 glues
                 and
                 joins
                 the
                 Bark
                 to
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 easily
                 pull'd
                 asunder
                 ;
                 so
                 upon
                 its
                 being
                 heated
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 or
                 Summer
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 our
                 common
                 Fire
                 ,
                 they
                 become
                 easily
                 separable
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 easily
                 concieveable
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 considers
                 that
                 almost
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 thing
                 is
                 every
                 day
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 common
                 Glue
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 only
                 take
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 will
                 percieve
                 in
                 both
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 little
                 Gutters
                 or
                 Chanels
                 which
                 are
                 separated
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 by
                 as
                 many
                 little
                 Partitions
                 ,
                 which
                 serve
                 to
                 fasten
                 the
                 Bark
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 Passages
                 for
                 the
                 Sap
                 to
                 ascend
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 top
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 continual
                 Supply
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 add
                 new
                 Growths
                 to
                 such
                 Parts
                 as
                 are
                 capable
                 of
                 Enlargement
                 .
              
               
                 Observing
                 all
                 those
                 little
                 Chanels
                 which
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 appear
                 cross-wise
                 from
                 the
                 Pith
                 to
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 straight
                 Lines
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 a
                 Circle
                 to
                 its
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Sun
                 as
                 Painters
                 use
                 to
                 draw
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 plainly
                 seen
                 in
                 cutting
                 a
                 Turnip
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 instead
                 of
                 assigning
                 the
                 Saps
                 passage
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 through
                 the
                 Fibres
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 may
                 not
                 as
                 reasonably
                 conclude
                 ,
                 That
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 real
                 Passages
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 (
                 which
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 proved
                 is
                 Lodged
                 ,
                 and
                 performs
                 most
                 of
                 its
                 Actions
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 )
                 is
                 conveyed
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 to
                 refresh
                 and
                 feed
                 all
                 the
                 inward
                 Parts
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 since
                 I
                 cannot
                 positively
                 determine
                 for
                 what
                 other
                 Use
                 Nature
                 shou'd
                 have
                 intended
                 those
                 little
                 Chanels
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Exactness
                 and
                 Curiosity
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 observed
                 ,
                 in
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 becomes
                 Sap
                 by
                 the
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 undergoes
                 a
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 Alterations
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Plants
                 into
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 received
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   the
                   Difference
                   in
                   Saps
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   the
                   Effects
                   produced
                   by
                   Engraffing
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Opinion
                 of
                 our
                 Modern
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 who
                 ascribe
                 the
                 great
                 difference
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 
                   Saps
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   in
                   other
                   Sublunary
                   Bodies
                   ,
                
                 to
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 Pores
                 ,
                 is
                 indeed
                 very
                 Ingenious
                 and
                 Pretty
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 own
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 understand
                 it
                 .
                 I
                 cannot
                 imagine
                 how
                 a
                 Poisonous
                 Juice
                 shou'd
                 become
                 wholesom
                 ,
                 an
                 Insipid
                 Sweet
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 stinking
                 one
                 well
                 scented
                 ,
                 meerly
                 by
                 changing
                 its
                 Place
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 how
                 it
                 s
                 being
                 in
                 certain
                 Pores
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Figure
                 made
                 it
                 one
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 its
                 passing
                 thence
                 into
                 others
                 of
                 another
                 Figure
                 ,
                 shou'd
                 make
                 it
                 the
                 quite
                 contrary
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 notwithstanding
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 shou'd
                 make
                 no
                 great
                 difficulty
                 of
                 agreeing
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Ingenious
                 Persons
                 as
                 maintain
                 this
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Pores
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 wou'd
                 undertake
                 to
                 give
                 as
                 good
                 an
                 account
                 how
                 the
                 great
                 Changes
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Trees
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 perform'd
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 .
                 I
                 confess
                 the
                 Comparison
                 between
                 this
                 performance
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Water
                 Engine
                 ,
                 appears
                 very
                 fit
                 for
                 their
                 purpose
                 .
                 It
                 appears
                 at
                 first
                 sight
                 to
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 Demonstration
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 perhaps
                 Puzzle
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 dare
                 say
                 ,
                 can
                 never
                 perswade
                 or
                 convince
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Workings
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 Graffs
                 are
                 too
                 dark
                 and
                 intricate
                 to
                 be
                 thereby
                 sufficiently
                 illustrated
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 particulars
                 wherein
                 they
                 plainly
                 disagree
                 ,
                 do
                 vastly
                 exceed
                 those
                 wherein
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 agree
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 Fancy
                 was
                 so
                 much
                 Applauded
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 appear
                 by
                 insisting
                 upon
                 some
                 particulars
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 what
                 light
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Explication
                 can
                 give
                 us
                 therein
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Water-Instrument
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 the
                 weaker
                 it
                 grows
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 quite
                 spends
                 it self
                 ;
                 whereas
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Graff
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 is
                 Employ'd
                 ,
                 the
                 stronger
                 it
                 grows
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Instruments
                 can
                 represent
                 but
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 Figure
                 ,
                 while
                 every
                 Graffed
                 Slip
                 produces
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 distinct
                 Effects
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 differing
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 The
                 Bark
                 produces
                 
                   Wood
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   Fruits
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 which
                 Fruits
                 do
                 also
                 differ
                 in
                 their
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Shape
                 ,
                 Taste
                 ,
                 Meat
                 and
                 Seed
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Add
                 hereto
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Slip
                 in
                 producing
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Slips
                 ,
                 does
                 also
                 produce
                 a
                 like
                 number
                 of
                 new
                 Instruments
                 for
                 the
                 conveyance
                 of
                 its
                 Sap
                 ;
                 a
                 thing
                 which
                 our
                 Water-Engines
                 cannot
                 any
                 ways
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 seeing
                 they
                 are
                 incapable
                 of
                 Multiplying
                 themselves
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 ,
                 lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 any
                 Water-Engine
                 will
                 serve
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 whereas
                 each
                 Slip
                 is
                 Restrained
                 and
                 Limited
                 to
                 one
                 particular
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 :
                 Those
                 ,
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 
                 Core-Fruit-Tree
                 ,
                 serving
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 such
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 impossible
                 to
                 employ
                 those
                 of
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Tree
                 in
                 producing
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 what
                 Convincing
                 Arguments
                 does
                 this
                 Comparison
                 bring
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ?
                 And
                 how
                 does
                 it
                 make
                 it
                 barely
                 possible
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 smaller
                 number
                 of
                 Pores
                 shou'd
                 of
                 themselves
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 alter
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 a
                 much
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Pores
                 ?
              
               
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 still
                 adds
                 to
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 smaller
                 number
                 of
                 Pores
                 in
                 the
                 Slip
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 say
                 ,
                 become
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 Weak
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 sort
                 already
                 Alter'd
                 by
                 its
                 Inoculation
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Pores
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 at
                 Home
                 ,
                 and
                 supported
                 by
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 vigorous
                 Stock
                 ,
                 one
                 wou'd
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 former
                 shou'd
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 latter
                 ,
                 and
                 yield
                 to
                 the
                 Impressions
                 which
                 the
                 stronger
                 shou'd
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 make
                 upon
                 the
                 weaker
                 .
                 But
                 here
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 stronger
                 shamefully
                 submitting
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Advantage
                 on
                 the
                 weaker's
                 side
                 ;
                 that
                 a
                 poor
                 Slip
                 pull'd
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 whereon
                 it
                 grew
                 ,
                 and
                 deprived
                 of
                 all
                 Assistance
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 one
                 wou'd
                 think
                 absolutely
                 Necessary
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 Specific
                 Being
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 its
                 Native
                 Sap
                 ,
                 shou'd
                 not
                 only
                 Live
                 ,
                 and
                 Preserve
                 its
                 own
                 Species
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 be
                 able
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 Master
                 that
                 so
                 much
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 Mixes
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   this
                   small
                   Stream
                   shou'd
                   stop
                   the
                   Violence
                   of
                   so
                   mighty
                   a
                   Torrent
                   ,
                   and
                   keep
                   it self
                   within
                   its
                   own
                   narrow
                   Bounds
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   being
                   hurried
                   away
                   by
                   the
                   Violence
                   of
                   the
                   Current
                   to
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   joined
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 vigorous
                 Stock
                 was
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 particular
                 manner
                 of
                 its
                 Action
                 upon
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 its
                 Roots
                 had
                 prepared
                 about
                 to
                 produce
                 a
                 Fruit
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Taste
                 ,
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Figure
                 ,
                 &c.
                 but
                 the
                 Sap
                 finding
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 Graffs
                 in
                 its
                 passage
                 up
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 accommodates
                 it self
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 produces
                 both
                 Trees
                 and
                 Fruits
                 of
                 a
                 quite
                 different
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 a
                 Quince-Tree
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 about
                 to
                 produce
                 Quinces
                 ,
                 which
                 every
                 Body
                 knows
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Hard
                 ,
                 Harsh
                 ,
                 Gritty
                 ,
                 and
                 Unpleasant
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 produces
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 very
                 good
                 and
                 sweet
                 Pears
                 ;
                 and
                 an
                 Almond-Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 Naturally
                 bears
                 only
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 is
                 thus
                 made
                 to
                 bear
                 
                   Plumbs
                   ,
                   Apricots
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 certain
                 Slips
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 say
                 ,
                 endued
                 with
                 a
                 Commanding
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 presenting
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 ascending
                 Sap
                 ,
                 oblige
                 it
                 to
                 pass
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Directions
                 ,
                 and
                 Subject
                 it
                 to
                 all
                 those
                 several
                 Alterations
                 which
                 we
                 daily
                 see
                 in
                 Graffed
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
               
                 Now
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 comprehend
                 how
                 this
                 little
                 Graff
                 Works
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 what
                 Power
                 of
                 Nature
                 it
                 serves
                 it self
                 so
                 advantagiously
                 of
                 that
                 Mass
                 of
                 Matter
                 which
                 were
                 sufficient
                 to
                 drown
                 and
                 destroy
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 make
                 it
                 submit
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 unfitly
                 resemble
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 weak
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Blood
                 ,
                 placed
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 Engaged
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 continues
                 resolutely
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 Orders
                 it
                 received
                 from
                 its
                 General
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Young
                 Successor
                 coming
                 to
                 give
                 New
                 Orders
                 ,
                 Employs
                 its
                 Force
                 and
                 Courage
                 in
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Design
                 .
                 Now
                 that
                 which
                 enables
                 this
                 New
                 Commander
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 yet
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 thus
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 upon
                 a
                 different
                 Enterprize
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 certain
                 Character
                 of
                 Majesty
                 which
                 he
                 carries
                 in
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 how
                 Numerous
                 and
                 Brave
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 Hot
                 soever
                 it
                 was
                 upon
                 another
                 Design
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 to
                 Acknowledge
                 his
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 ,
                 blindly
                 to
                 follow
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 manner
                 of
                 Reluctancy
                 to
                 Execute
                 his
                 Orders
                 ;
                 though
                 perhaps
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 do
                 so
                 very
                 long
                 ,
                 no
                 longer
                 than
                 till
                 another
                 New
                 Commander
                 shall
                 get
                 the
                 same
                 Advantage
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 over
                 the
                 first
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 some
                 sort
                 performed
                 by
                 the
                 Sap
                 of
                 the
                 Graff
                 ,
                 which
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 prevailed
                 over
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 comes
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 subject
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 another
                 set
                 upon
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 yet
                 after
                 all
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 owned
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 nothing
                 either
                 more
                 common
                 or
                 more
                 easie
                 than
                 Engraffing
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Production
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 that
                 is
                 more
                 Wonderful
                 ,
                 or
                 harder
                 to
                 be
                 Understood
                 than
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 shou'd
                 seem
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 here
                 placed
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 our
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 Dazling
                 our
                 Sight
                 when
                 it
                 wou'd
                 pierce
                 any
                 farther
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 sufficient
                 we
                 shou'd
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 apply
                 the
                 Agent
                 and
                 the
                 Patient
                 together
                 ,
                 without
                 discovering
                 the
                 particular
                 manner
                 of
                 that
                 Action
                 whereby
                 such
                 Wonderful
                 Effects
                 are
                 produced
                 ;
                 and
                 perhaps
                 if
                 we
                 knew
                 it
                 ,
                 we
                 shou'd
                 not
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 Graffers
                 than
                 we
                 now
                 are
                 without
                 that
                 Knowledge
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 small
                 Experience
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 teach
                 us
                 both
                 the
                 Manner
                 and
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 every
                 kind
                 of
                 Graffs
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 therefore
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 Use
                 we
                 can
                 of
                 what
                 we
                 know
                 already
                 in
                 this
                 Particular
                 ,
                 without
                 spending
                 time
                 in
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 advance
                 our
                 Knowledge
                 further
                 therein
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 fix
                 our
                 Thoughts
                 upon
                 some
                 other
                 Things
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 consider'd
                 with
                 less
                 Difficulty
                 and
                 more
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 discover
                 something
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 use
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 the
                 Better
                 and
                 Quicker
                 Improvement
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 thus
                 far
                 Discoursed
                 upon
                 this
                 Subject
                 of
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 conclude
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 must
                 of
                 Necessity
                 be
                 something
                 more
                 extraordinary
                 in
                 all
                 this
                 than
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 ascribed
                 to
                 the
                 bare
                 meeting
                 together
                 of
                 certain
                 Pores
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 one
                 Figure
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 another
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Concerning
                   the
                   different
                   Effects
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   in
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   that
                   Opinion
                   which
                   Maintains
                   the
                   Notion
                   of
                   Pores
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 I
                 further
                 observe
                 that
                 in
                 every
                 Tree
                 a
                 certain
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 it self
                 is
                 equally
                 disposed
                 to
                 make
                 either
                 
                   Wood
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Fruit
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Bark
                 ,
                 passes
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 Branch
                 of
                 a
                 Wallnut
                 ,
                 a
                 Marroneer
                 ,
                 an
                 Orange
                 ,
                 or
                 Cherry-Tree
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 at
                 certain
                 places
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 this
                 Sap
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 sent
                 forth
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 first
                 beginnings
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 comes
                 promiscuously
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 distinguishing
                 it self
                 into
                 parts
                 ,
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Stalks
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 how
                 small
                 soever
                 they
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 immediately
                 upon
                 this
                 Progress
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 thus
                 far
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 passage
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 it
                 so
                 dextrously
                 separates
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 Wallnut
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 one
                 part
                 goes
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Green
                 ,
                 Tough
                 ,
                 and
                 Bitter
                 Bark
                 ,
                 another
                 part
                 the
                 Shell
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Films
                 ,
                 a
                 third
                 to
                 make
                 certain
                 Partitions
                 exactly
                 proportioned
                 where
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Nut
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 formed
                 and
                 lodged
                 ,
                 a
                 fourth
                 the
                 Skin
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 cover
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 another
                 part
                 makes
                 the
                 Nut
                 it self
                 sweet
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 that
                 bitterness
                 with
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 encompassed
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 which
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 Extracted
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 I
                 likewise
                 carefully
                 consider
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Sap
                 passing
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Stalk
                 divides
                 
                 it self
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 forming
                 and
                 making
                 up
                 of
                 those
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 agreeably
                 to
                 the
                 distinct
                 Nature
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 so
                 variously
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 we
                 value
                 most
                 is
                 without
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 esteem
                 less
                 ,
                 within
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Plumbs
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 in
                 others
                 the
                 better
                 part
                 is
                 within
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 less
                 useful
                 part
                 which
                 is
                 without
                 serves
                 only
                 for
                 a
                 Defence
                 and
                 Security
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Chesnut
                   ,
                   Noisitiers
                   ,
                   Oranges
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 when
                 I
                 also
                 observe
                 some
                 valuable
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Perdrigons
                   ,
                   Peaches
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 exposed
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Injuries
                 both
                 of
                 Air
                 and
                 Animals
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Defence
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 thin
                 and
                 delicate
                 Skin
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Chesnut
                 ,
                 the
                 Wallnut
                 ,
                 the
                 Acron
                 ,
                 and
                 Hazle-Nut
                 ,
                 &c.
                 are
                 Guarded
                 with
                 such
                 Prickles
                 ,
                 Shell
                 ,
                 and
                 Rind
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 I
                 consider
                 this
                 Constant
                 and
                 Regular
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 and
                 wou'd
                 explain
                 all
                 this
                 by
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Pores
                 of
                 different
                 Figures
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 own
                 my self
                 quite
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 Contemplation
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 Solve
                 any
                 of
                 that
                 vast
                 Crowd
                 of
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 presenting
                 themselves
                 to
                 my
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confound
                 my
                 Thoughts
                 .
                 —
                 I
                 cannot
                 know
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
              
               
                 How
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 are
                 all
                 those
                 Pores
                 made
                 ?
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 come
                 all
                 ready
                 made
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 nor
                 were
                 they
                 Inclosed
                 in
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 that
                 Water
                 which
                 the
                 Roots
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 making
                 the
                 Sap.
                 
              
               
                 Whether
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 made
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 and
                 separated
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 the
                 first
                 have
                 a
                 Power
                 of
                 making
                 others
                 as
                 occasion
                 shall
                 require
                 ?
                 For
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 supposed
                 to
                 produce
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 infinite
                 Successions
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 admitting
                 this
                 ,
                 how
                 shall
                 I
                 certainly
                 know
                 the
                 Original
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 this
                 first
                 Pore
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 its
                 passing
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 small
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 is
                 either
                 to
                 produce
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 find
                 in
                 its
                 passage
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 others
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 exactly
                 fit
                 to
                 qualify
                 the
                 Sap
                 for
                 those
                 several
                 Uses
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Bark
                   ,
                   Substance
                   ,
                   Seed
                   ,
                   Smell
                   ,
                
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 and
                 Qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 make
                 .
              
               
                 Whether
                 this
                 small
                 Stalk
                 be
                 really
                 the
                 Womb
                 where
                 all
                 those
                 Pores
                 are
                 formed
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 it
                 is
                 any
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Chanel
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 only
                 pass
                 ,
                 without
                 leaving
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 number
                 behind
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 fair
                 ,
                 useful
                 ,
                 delicate
                 ,
                 and
                 well-scented
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 How
                 this
                 Number
                 of
                 Pores
                 so
                 range
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Stalks
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 always
                 exactly
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 determinate
                 length
                 ;
                 In
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 that
                 half
                 Leaf
                 
                   en
                   caur
                
                 which
                 we
                 find
                 before
                 the
                 great
                 Leaf
                 in
                 Orange-Trees
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 Wallnut
                 and
                 Almond
                 ,
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 respective
                 bigness
                 of
                 their
                 Shells
                 :
                 In
                 Plants
                 ,
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 same
                 distances
                 between
                 the
                 knots
                 whereby
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 certain
                 lengths
                 ,
                 distinguished
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Rose-Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 the
                 Sureau
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 Corn
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 all
                 this
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 exactness
                 and
                 proportion
                 .
              
               
                 Furthermore
                 when
                 in
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 January
                 or
                 February
                 ,
                 Thirty
                 Melon-Seeds
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 being
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Bed
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 Sprouting
                 or
                 Growing
                 up
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 sometimes
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 ,
                 or
                 Five
                 or
                 Six
                 Months
                 space
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 wou'd
                 gladly
                 have
                 those
                 that
                 will
                 needs
                 have
                 Vegetation
                 performed
                 by
                 a
                 forcible
                 bringing
                 in
                 of
                 certain
                 little
                 Particles
                 of
                 Earth
                 into
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 Resolve
                 me
                 in
                 these
                 Particulars
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 Whether
                 Particles
                 thus
                 brought
                 in
                 ,
                 have
                 Pores
                 or
                 not
                 ?
                 If
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 then
                 we
                 shall
                 have
                 Pores
                 brought
                 one
                 into
                 another
                 ;
                 And
                 then
                 pray
                 consider
                 ,
                 whither
                 such
                 a
                 Notion
                 as
                 this
                 will
                 lead
                 us
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Whether
                 the
                 Pores
                 are
                 all
                 first
                 Form'd
                 before
                 the
                 Seed
                 is
                 Set
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 they
                 are
                 afterwards
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Bed
                 ?
                 They
                 cannot
                 say
                 it
                 is
                 done
                 the
                 latter
                 way
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 I
                 Demand
                 further
                 ,
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Whether
                 those
                 Pores
                 are
                 always
                 open
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 receive
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 are
                 open'd
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Bed
                 ?
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Supposing
                 those
                 Pores
                 always
                 open
                 ,
                 I
                 wou'd
                 know
                 whether
                 they
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 within
                 ,
                 or
                 Nothing
                 ?
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 Upon
                 this
                 Supposal
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 open
                 ,
                 I
                 ask
                 further
                 ,
                 Why
                 those
                 in
                 one
                 Seed
                 do
                 not
                 as
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 draw
                 in
                 these
                 Earthly
                 Particles
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 another
                 ?
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 Granting
                 this
                 Introduction
                 of
                 small
                 Particles
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 How
                 comes
                 it
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 those
                 Particles
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 else
                 appear
                 plainly
                 to
                 go
                 upward
                 ,
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Seed
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 end
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 immediately
                 pass
                 out
                 again
                 downwards
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Roots
                 ?
              
               
               
                 Seventhly
                 ,
                 I
                 Demand
                 whether
                 new
                 Pores
                 are
                 Formed
                 in
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Introduced
                 Particles
                 come
                 in
                 only
                 through
                 those
                 new
                 Pores
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 they
                 still
                 continue
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 only
                 through
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Seed
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 first
                 enter'd
                 in
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Roots
                 ?
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 also
                 further
                 know
                 ,
                 Whether
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 Wood
                 be
                 more
                 Porous
                 than
                 another
                 ?
                 I
                 own
                 that
                 some
                 have
                 larger
                 Pores
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Liege
                 ,
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Ebene
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 cannot
                 conceive
                 how
                 one
                 should
                 have
                 more
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 since
                 all
                 are
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 little
                 Parts
                 which
                 come
                 together
                 successively
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 all
                 Roots
                 be
                 equally
                 Porous
                 ,
                 how
                 comes
                 it
                 that
                 some
                 Act
                 more
                 vigorously
                 than
                 others
                 ?
                 The
                 Vine
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fig-Tree
                 ,
                 make
                 abundantly
                 more
                 Roots
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 Is
                 it
                 not
                 reasonable
                 to
                 ascribe
                 these
                 Effects
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 Principle
                 of
                 Action
                 which
                 exerts
                 it self
                 more
                 vigorously
                 in
                 those
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 more
                 of
                 vigour
                 and
                 sprightliness
                 in
                 one
                 Man
                 than
                 in
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 one
                 fort
                 of
                 Brutes
                 than
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 another
                 Kind
                 ?
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 also
                 fain
                 know
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 it
                 often
                 does
                 ,
                 that
                 certain
                 Trees
                 newly
                 Planted
                 remain
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 some
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Months
                 ;
                 nay
                 as
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 the
                 least
                 appearance
                 of
                 Action
                 :
                 As
                 also
                 how
                 some
                 Seeds
                 continue
                 whole
                 Years
                 without
                 Sprouting
                 ?
              
               
                 This
                 questionless
                 must
                 be
                 acknowledged
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 great
                 Difficulty
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Obscure
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 therefore
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 take
                 it
                 for
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 effecting
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 meer
                 meeting
                 together
                 of
                 certain
                 great
                 or
                 little
                 Pores
                 of
                 different
                 Figures
                 .
                 That
                 we
                 must
                 look
                 higher
                 for
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 that
                 Vegetative
                 Faculty
                 ,
                 and
                 own
                 that
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 to
                 be
                 neither
                 a
                 Free
                 nor
                 a
                 Casual
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Necessary
                 Agent
                 ;
                 concerning
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 at
                 large
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 an
                 External
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 due
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 is
                 determined
                 to
                 Form
                 those
                 several
                 Particles
                 of
                 Matter
                 ,
                 some
                 into
                 Skin
                 ,
                 others
                 into
                 Pulp
                 ,
                 others
                 into
                 Juice
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Fruit
                 its
                 Relish
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 its
                 Smell
                 ;
                 some
                 to
                 become
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 others
                 Stalks
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 also
                 that
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 Prepares
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 Trees
                 capable
                 of
                 receiving
                 an
                 infinite
                 variety
                 of
                 Alterations
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 makes
                 it
                 capable
                 of
                 Producing
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 indeed
                 of
                 being
                 Instrumental
                 to
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 all
                 different
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Living
                 Stock
                 of
                 each
                 Tree
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 effect
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 Graffs
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 to
                 Seeds
                 and
                 Plants
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 sort
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 to
                 the
                 Different
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Musick
                 ,
                 or
                 Water
                 to
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Water-works
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Stocks
                 is
                 equally
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 produce
                 this
                 or
                 that
                 Effect
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 great
                 Alterations
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 Graffs
                 which
                 are
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Stock
                 ;
                 between
                 which
                 and
                 them
                 ,
                 there
                 must
                 however
                 be
                 some
                 sort
                 of
                 Natural
                 Agreement
                 .
                 —
                 Though
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 farther
                 I
                 pursue
                 this
                 Enquiry
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 Difficulties
                 I
                 find
                 my self
                 Entangled
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 less
                 able
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 satisfy
                 my
                 own
                 Curiosity
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 should
                 very
                 willingly
                 Embrace
                 this
                 New
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 shew
                 me
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Figures
                 of
                 those
                 Wonderful
                 Pores
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 Teach
                 me
                 ,
                 how
                 ,
                 upon
                 occasion
                 ,
                 to
                 direct
                 Nature
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 Pores
                 as
                 were
                 for
                 my
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 Making
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 not
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 great
                 likelihood
                 that
                 this
                 Philosophy
                 will
                 ever
                 procure
                 us
                 such
                 an
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 since
                 none
                 has
                 yet
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 attain
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 or
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 have
                 Recourse
                 to
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 and
                 Assert
                 that
                 if
                 what
                 those
                 Gentlemen
                 Advance
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 particular
                 Kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 is
                 of
                 such
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 Tast
                 ,
                 Bigness
                 or
                 Shape
                 ,
                 meerly
                 because
                 its
                 Pores
                 are
                 of
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 Figure
                 :
                 (
                 I
                 say
                 we
                 must
                 Assert
                 )
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 alone
                 that
                 has
                 Ordained
                 ,
                 that
                 Pores
                 of
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 Figure
                 shall
                 certainly
                 make
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 
                   And
                   then
                   Pray
                   ,
                   what
                   New
                   Discoveries
                   has
                   this
                   Philosophy
                   made
                   towards
                   finding
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Individual
                   Beings
                   ?
                   And
                   did
                   not
                   the
                   Old
                   Hypothesis
                   go
                   altogether
                   as
                   far
                   in
                   searching
                   out
                   the
                   first
                   Workings
                   of
                   Providence
                   ?
                
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 this
                 Opinion
                 it
                 be
                 urged
                 ,
                 That
                 one
                 day
                 Lunetts
                 and
                 Microscopes
                 may
                 possibly
                 be
                 invented
                 ,
                 whereby
                 these
                 Pores
                 may
                 plainly
                 be
                 seen
                 and
                 distinguished
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 wants
                 only
                 Time
                 and
                 Industry
                 to
                 bring
                 all
                 this
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 may
                 it
                 not
                 also
                 ,
                 with
                 as
                 good
                 Reason
                 be
                 hoped
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 same
                 Instruments
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 Discover
                 the
                 Attractive
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 against
                 which
                 those
                 Gentlemen
                 so
                 
                 eagerly
                 contend
                 ?
                 Though
                 to
                 speak
                 my
                 Mind
                 freely
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 understand
                 what
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Pores
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 ;
                 how
                 each
                 should
                 be
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 its
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 so
                 at
                 least
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 it self
                 a
                 Pore
                 ;
                 what
                 their
                 sides
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 with
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 indeed
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 these
                 Pores
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 tht
                 they
                 are
                 much
                 bigger
                 in
                 some
                 Bodies
                 than
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 Pores
                 can
                 be
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 little
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 Figured
                 Cells
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 solid
                 Matter
                 within
                 ,
                 and
                 compass'd
                 about
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 sides
                 ,
                 those
                 sides
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 solid
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 be
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 by
                 something
                 else
                 of
                 a
                 Nature
                 different
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 will
                 engage
                 us
                 in
                 such
                 deep
                 Speculations
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 not
                 less
                 difficult
                 than
                 the
                 Ideas
                 of
                 Accidents
                 and
                 Occult
                 Qualities
                 ;
                 which
                 I
                 think
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 needs
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 for
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 possible
                 that
                 a
                 Concourse
                 of
                 many
                 Pores
                 should
                 make
                 up
                 a
                 solid
                 Body
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 determined
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 solid
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 in
                 Arithmetic
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Ciphers
                 should
                 make
                 up
                 an
                 Effective
                 Number
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 it
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Nine
                 Principal
                 Characters
                 ,
                 which
                 Custom
                 and
                 Common
                 Consent
                 has
                 Vested
                 with
                 a
                 Power
                 of
                 Determining
                 what
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Ciphers
                 shall
                 stand
                 for
                 in
                 Numeration
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Notion
                 ,
                 who
                 hold
                 that
                 all
                 these
                 Changes
                 can
                 be
                 Ascrib'd
                 to
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 such
                 different
                 Qualities
                 as
                 the
                 Great
                 Author
                 of
                 Nature
                 has
                 thought
                 good
                 to
                 fix
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 easily
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 understood
                 ,
                 by
                 my
                 weak
                 and
                 shallow
                 Reason
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 pretend
                 Magisterially
                 to
                 Determine
                 ,
                 whither
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Opinions
                 has
                 the
                 more
                 of
                 Certainty
                 and
                 Reason
                 on
                 its
                 side
                 ,
                 my
                 Business
                 being
                 only
                 to
                 present
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 those
                 Thoughts
                 which
                 my
                 Study
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Remarks
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 have
                 suggested
                 to
                 me
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Particular
                 I
                 shall
                 use
                 the
                 same
                 Diligence
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Book
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 upon
                 Occasion
                 consider'd
                 several
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 observ'd
                 how
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 some
                 sorts
                 of
                 Birds
                 are
                 Adorned
                 with
                 Tufts
                 and
                 Combs
                 ,
                 whilst
                 others
                 are
                 Distinguish'd
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Feathers
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Make
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 I
                 have
                 also
                 often
                 Admired
                 the
                 Melodious
                 and
                 Charming
                 Notes
                 of
                 the
                 Nightingale
                 and
                 Canary-Bird
                 ,
                 while
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Magpy
                 ,
                 the
                 Jay
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Crow
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 harsh
                 and
                 ungrateful
                 .
                 And
                 how
                 wonderfully
                 satisfied
                 am
                 I
                 in
                 my self
                 ,
                 when
                 considering
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 other
                 Particulars
                 ,
                 I
                 Resolve
                 all
                 meerly
                 into
                 the
                 Good
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Author
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 Ordain'd
                 all
                 these
                 pretty
                 Marks
                 of
                 Distinction
                 that
                 make
                 up
                 that
                 Wonderful
                 Harmony
                 and
                 Agreement
                 in
                 this
                 Great
                 Machine
                 ,
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 Troubling
                 my self
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 possibly
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 this
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Pores
                 ,
                 all
                 this
                 might
                 be
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 convincingly
                 Accounted
                 for
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 that
                 Referring
                 all
                 this
                 Variety
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 immediately
                 to
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 so
                 Wonderful
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Contrivance
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Creator
                 in
                 every
                 ,
                 the
                 smallest
                 piece
                 of
                 his
                 Work-manship
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 those
                 great
                 ones
                 ,
                 the
                 Heavens
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 shews
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 his
                 Power
                 to
                 be
                 equally
                 Infinite
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Some
                   further
                   Considerations
                   upon
                   the
                   Action
                   of
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                
              
               
                 BUT
                 to
                 Return
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 see
                 what
                 Useful
                 Instructions
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 thence
                 for
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 something
                 more
                 closely
                 consider
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Roots
                 have
                 really
                 any
                 Attractive
                 Faculty
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Mdsaraic
                   Veins
                
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 an
                 Animal
                 ,
                 do
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 Draw
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Suck
                 in
                 the
                 Impregnated
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 like
                 the
                 Cover
                 of
                 a
                 Pot
                 ,
                 they
                 only
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 their
                 Pores
                 ,
                 receive
                 the
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 which
                 are
                 continually
                 ascending
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
               
                 Each
                 of
                 these
                 Opinions
                 has
                 its
                 Patrons
                 and
                 Friends
                 ;
                 and
                 indeed
                 ,
                 both
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 Supported
                 by
                 good
                 and
                 plausible
                 Reasons
                 .
                 But
                 my
                 present
                 Business
                 being
                 only
                 to
                 offer
                 my
                 own
                 Observations
                 upon
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 be
                 as
                 Reserv'd
                 in
                 giving
                 my
                 Judgment
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 that
                 other
                 Case
                 of
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 declare
                 Ingenuously
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 able
                 positively
                 ,
                 to
                 Determine
                 in
                 Favor
                 either
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 yet
                 how
                 Difficult
                 soever
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 to
                 Explain
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 to
                 Conceive
                 a
                 clear
                 Idea
                 of
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 Power
                 ,
                 or
                 Quality
                 in
                 Sublunary
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 own
                 my
                 Inclination
                 to
                 Approve
                 rather
                 of
                 Living
                 and
                 Attractive
                 Powers
                 ,
                 than
                 an
                 Inanimate
                 and
                 Lifeless
                 Row
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 
                   Parts
                   of
                   Matter
                
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 very
                 Reasonable
                 ,
                 to
                 Assign
                 Action
                 to
                 that
                 alone
                 which
                 has
                 need
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 to
                 Plants
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 may
                 Attract
                 ,
                 and
                 Suck
                 in
                 such
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 Necessary
                 both
                 to
                 Preserve
                 and
                 Enlarge
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Multiply
                 their
                 Species
                 .
                 And
                 thence
                 I
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 they
                 that
                 Act.
                 
              
               
                 Without
                 doubt
                 the
                 Earth
                 would
                 not
                 grow
                 Lank
                 ,
                 Meagre
                 ,
                 and
                 Hungry
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Plants
                 did
                 not
                 Suck
                 it
                 just
                 as
                 Animals
                 do
                 their
                 Dams
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 tarry
                 till
                 the
                 Milk
                 comes
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 neither
                 do
                 the
                 Plants
                 expect
                 till
                 the
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 come
                 and
                 present
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Pores
                 .
                 This
                 Moisturerises
                 up
                 continually
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 though
                 those
                 Earths
                 do
                 not
                 thereby
                 cease
                 to
                 be
                 still
                 Fresh
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 produce
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 .
                 And
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 utterly
                 false
                 that
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 any
                 Rich
                 Soil
                 Decays
                 ,
                 or
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Diminished
                 by
                 being
                 not
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 Feeding
                 some
                 set
                 Plants
                 ,
                 it
                 necessarily
                 follows
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 such
                 an
                 Earth
                 fails
                 of
                 its
                 usual
                 Fruitfulness
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 sometimes
                 does
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 perfect
                 Barrenness
                 ,
                 this
                 Decay
                 must
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Activity
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 Attractive
                 Motion
                 have
                 Exhausted
                 all
                 that
                 Fruitful
                 Salt
                 which
                 Nature
                 had
                 furnished
                 it
                 with
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 we
                 observe
                 how
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 a
                 Plant
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 Chest
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 get
                 out
                 in
                 great
                 Numbers
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 Holes
                 or
                 Crevices
                 of
                 the
                 Chest
                 as
                 are
                 nearest
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 there
                 Grow
                 and
                 Multiply
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 ,
                 with
                 very
                 good
                 Reason
                 ,
                 allow
                 them
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Local
                 Motion
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 Reasons
                 that
                 Incline
                 me
                 to
                 Favour
                 this
                 Opinion
                 of
                 an
                 Attractive
                 Power
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 do
                 leave
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 Roots
                 upon
                 the
                 Trees
                 I
                 Plant
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 I
                 imagined
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Tree
                 requires
                 in
                 great
                 Abundance
                 ,
                 did
                 without
                 any
                 Action
                 in
                 the
                 Vegetable
                 ,
                 barely
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 through
                 such
                 Holes
                 ,
                 or
                 Pores
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 found
                 open
                 ,
                 I
                 shou'd
                 certainly
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 old
                 Roots
                 I
                 left
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 Pores
                 or
                 Holes
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Sap
                 I
                 shou'd
                 also
                 leave
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 wou'd
                 ascend
                 in
                 greater
                 quantities
                 into
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 fewer
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 my
                 own
                 Experience
                 shews
                 me
                 that
                 all
                 this
                 is
                 false
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 good
                 Tree
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 sort
                 soever
                 ,
                 being
                 Planted
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 reasonably
                 short
                 ,
                 Grows
                 much
                 better
                 and
                 quicker
                 than
                 another
                 equally
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 Planted
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 in
                 as
                 Rich
                 an
                 Earth
                 with
                 many
                 long
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 I
                 think
                 I
                 may
                 safely
                 rely
                 upon
                 my
                 own
                 Experience
                 ,
                 since
                 I
                 herein
                 advance
                 nothing
                 but
                 upon
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 Tryal
                 and
                 Careful
                 Observation
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 upon
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 I
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 standing
                 Rule
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 more
                 old
                 Roots
                 you
                 leave
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 you
                 Plant
                 ,
                 the
                 fewer
                 and
                 the
                 worse
                 the
                 New
                 ones
                 will
                 be
                 which
                 it
                 sends
                 forth
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 fewer
                 you
                 leave
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 good
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 indifferently
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 the
                 New
                 ones
                 will
                 be
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 this
                 I
                 chiefly
                 Ascribe
                 the
                 different
                 Success
                 we
                 usually
                 observe
                 in
                 Planting
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Considerations
                   upon
                   the
                   Vital
                   Principle
                   in
                   Plants
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 Lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 another
                 Maxim
                 which
                 I
                 think
                 never
                 fails
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 ,
                 having
                 already
                 spoken
                 something
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 come
                 now
                 more
                 fully
                 to
                 Enlarge
                 upon
                 ;
                 Namely
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 every
                 Tree
                 and
                 Plant
                 a
                 certain
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 Assisted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 necessary
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 due
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 a
                 favourable
                 Sun
                 ,
                 &c.
                 makes
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 or
                 Plant
                 so
                 to
                 Act
                 ,
                 and
                 Perform
                 all
                 its
                 Offices
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 continue
                 in
                 their
                 Natural
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 this
                 
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 is
                 not
                 injured
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 the
                 Plant
                 immediately
                 Dies
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 is
                 not
                 in
                 all
                 Plants
                 lodged
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 some
                 't
                 is
                 lodged
                 in
                 that
                 outward
                 Eye
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 appears
                 above
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 distinguishes
                 it
                 from
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Turnips
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                   Annual
                   Flowers
                
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 immediately
                 dies
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 without
                 recovery
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 others
                 't
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 Ball
                 of
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Tulips
                   ,
                   Jacintes
                   ,
                   Imperiales
                   ,
                   Anemonies
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 And
                 these
                 Plants
                 do
                 not
                 die
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 their
                 round
                 Root
                 is
                 spoiled
                 by
                 Heat
                 ,
                 or
                 Cold
                 ,
                 or
                 Wet
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 being
                 cut
                 or
                 bruised
                 ;
                 nor
                 will
                 the
                 taking
                 away
                 the
                 fore-mentioned
                 Eye
                 do
                 them
                 any
                 great
                 hurt
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 others
                 ,
                 besides
                 its
                 principal
                 Seat
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 come
                 to
                 Treat
                 of
                 
                   Great
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 diffused
                 like
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Seed
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 remoter
                 Parts
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 evident
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 
                   Vines
                   ,
                   Fig-Trees
                   ,
                   Quince-Trees
                   ,
                   Salows
                   ,
                   Ivy
                   ,
                   Girostees
                   ,
                   Jaunes
                   ,
                
                 and
                 in
                 general
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 that
                 easily
                 admit
                 of
                 either
                 Engraffing
                 or
                 Inoculation
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 In
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 Trees
                 ,
                 both
                 those
                 that
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 do
                 not
                 bear
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 this
                 
                   Vital
                   Principle
                
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 between
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Upper
                 Parts
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 provided
                 nothing
                 be
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 lodged
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 Tree
                 be
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 prejudiced
                 thereby
                 ,
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 this
                 will
                 make
                 it
                 send
                 forth
                 both
                 more
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 that
                 which
                 gave
                 me
                 the
                 greatest
                 Light
                 in
                 judging
                 of
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 this
                 
                   Vital
                   Principle
                
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Observations
                 I
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Sprouting
                 either
                 of
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 or
                 Peach-Stones
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Lettuces
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 sort
                 of
                 Pot-herbs
                 ;
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 once
                 to
                 be
                 throughly
                 moisten'd
                 ,
                 and
                 heated
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 the
                 Substance
                 of
                 each
                 swelling
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 longer
                 contained
                 within
                 their
                 respective
                 Shells
                 or
                 Skins
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 it self
                 a
                 passage
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 sharpest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Shell
                 or
                 Seed
                 howsoever
                 it
                 happen'd
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 issues
                 out
                 first
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 a
                 Root
                 ,
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 Nut
                 ,
                 or
                 Seed
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 sprouts
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 directing
                 its
                 course
                 downwards
                 ,
                 grows
                 longer
                 and
                 thicker
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 forth
                 other
                 small
                 Roots
                 all
                 along
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 it
                 does
                 before
                 any
                 thing
                 appears
                 to
                 ascend
                 upwards
                 to
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 Root
                 has
                 so
                 fixed
                 and
                 strengthen'd
                 it self
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 support
                 and
                 nourish
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 whereof
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 then
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 sprung
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Nut
                 or
                 Seed
                 perfectly
                 opens
                 it self
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 passage
                 to
                 the
                 Stem
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 its
                 Formation
                 exactly
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 with
                 the
                 Root
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 it
                 works
                 it self
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Earth
                 that
                 lies
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 appears
                 above
                 Ground
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 small
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 which
                 shew
                 both
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 what
                 kind
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 grows
                 up
                 to
                 its
                 natural
                 bigness
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 hold
                 then
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 Plants
                 a
                 certain
                 Principle
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 that
                 Philosophers
                 call
                 
                   The
                   Vegetative
                   Soul
                
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 necessary
                 Agent
                 which
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 cannot
                 but
                 act
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 sometimes
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 as
                 Men
                 shall
                 direct
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 do
                 so
                 ,
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 that
                 That
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 where
                 this
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 is
                 chiefly
                 lodged
                 ,
                 be
                 perfectly
                 sound
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Principle
                 it self
                 be
                 moved
                 and
                 actuated
                 by
                 a
                 just
                 degree
                 of
                 Heat
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Plant
                 have
                 Roots
                 ,
                 they
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 duly
                 moisten'd
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 clearing
                 of
                 this
                 Particular
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 necessary
                 to
                 observe
                 these
                 four
                 Things
                 :
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 where
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 is
                 seated
                 be
                 sound
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 good
                 condition
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 Putrified
                 or
                 Corroded
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 suffered
                 any
                 thing
                 from
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Drought
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Accident
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 receive
                 no
                 benefit
                 from
                 that
                 Heat
                 which
                 Plants
                 require
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 at
                 best
                 Thrive
                 but
                 very
                 ill
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 quite
                 die
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 be
                 Cherished
                 with
                 a
                 due
                 and
                 a
                 proportionable
                 degree
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 For
                 some
                 Plants
                 are
                 soon
                 Heated
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 Action
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 Spring-Flowers
                 in
                 General
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Indian
                   Chesnut
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Raspis
                 ,
                 the
                 Sparagus
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Kitchin-Herbs
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 the
                 
                   Oignons
                   de
                   Coronne
                   Imperiale
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Tulip
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 shoot
                 out
                 their
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 their
                 Stem
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 when
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 asleep
                 ,
                 namely
                 in
                 the
                 month
                 of
                 August
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 others
                 again
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 colder
                 Complexion
                 ,
                 and
                 harder
                 to
                 be
                 moved
                 ;
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Mulberry
                   ,
                   Yew-seeds
                   ,
                   Sweet
                   Charvil
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 And
                 therefore
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 wonder
                 if
                 
                 all
                 Plants
                 do
                 not
                 enter
                 upon
                 Action
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 Heat
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 Consideration
                 might
                 be
                 supposed
                 to
                 Influence
                 all
                 alike
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 different
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Plants
                 that
                 makes
                 them
                 quicker
                 or
                 slower
                 in
                 entring
                 upon
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 Action
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Vital
                   Principle
                
                 is
                 limited
                 and
                 confined
                 to
                 certain
                 spaces
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 some
                 Plants
                 are
                 much
                 longer
                 than
                 in
                 others
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 larger
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 those
                 we
                 commonly
                 call
                 for
                 distinction-sake
                 Green-Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Yew
                 ,
                 the
                 Espicias
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Holly
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Orange-Trees
                 ,
                 In
                 most
                 of
                 which
                 Trees
                 ,
                 it
                 scarcely
                 ever
                 gives
                 over
                 Acting
                 either
                 in
                 Summer
                 or
                 Winter
                 ,
                 provided
                 none
                 of
                 those
                 four
                 Qualifications
                 be
                 wanting
                 .
                 In
                 other
                 Plants
                 this
                 Season
                 of
                 Action
                 is
                 much
                 shorter
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 prolonged
                 beyond
                 that
                 time
                 Nature
                 has
                 assigned
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Lettices
                   ,
                   Pease
                   ,
                   Tulips
                   ,
                   Anemonies
                   ,
                   Hyacinths
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 all
                 which
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 of
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 appear
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 quite
                 dead
                 within
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 months
                 after
                 they
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 certain
                 signs
                 of
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 thing
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 observe
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Roots
                 must
                 not
                 only
                 be
                 sound
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 duly
                 moisten'd
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Roots
                 be
                 Damaged
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 drought
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 being
                 Sound
                 ,
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 an
                 Earth
                 that
                 is
                 either
                 bad
                 ,
                 or
                 exhausted
                 ;
                 or
                 lastly
                 ,
                 if
                 being
                 good
                 ,
                 it
                 want
                 due
                 moisture
                 :
                 In
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 cases
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 sensible
                 of
                 any
                 manner
                 of
                 Action
                 the
                 Plant
                 performs
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 Truth
                 which
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 I
                 need
                 not
                 Enlarge
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 We
                 see
                 daily
                 Instances
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 in
                 Trees
                 both
                 kept
                 in
                 Chests
                 ,
                 and
                 newly
                 Set.
                 For
                 if
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 want
                 moisture
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 they
                 cannot
                 Act
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 grow
                 too
                 Hot
                 ,
                 and
                 Dry
                 ,
                 they
                 immediately
                 seem
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Faint
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 dying
                 Condition
                 ;
                 but
                 no
                 sooner
                 are
                 they
                 wet
                 either
                 with
                 a
                 Shower
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 Gardiner's
                 Hand
                 ,
                 then
                 you
                 immediately
                 observe
                 in
                 them
                 just
                 such
                 another
                 Change
                 as
                 is
                 made
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 in
                 Persons
                 recovered
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Swoon
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 as
                 in
                 this
                 latter
                 Case
                 ,
                 Persons
                 in
                 a
                 Swoon
                 recover
                 themselves
                 by
                 receiving
                 a
                 little
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 which
                 Recovery
                 is
                 perform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Nutritive
                 Faculty
                 ,
                 which
                 coming
                 to
                 Act
                 upon
                 this
                 new
                 Supply
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 and
                 dispenses
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 received
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 :
                 Just
                 so
                 when
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 either
                 in
                 a
                 Chest
                 ,
                 or
                 newly
                 Set
                 ,
                 had
                 suffered
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 Refreshed
                 by
                 a
                 new
                 Supply
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 its
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 extreme
                 Parts
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 throughly
                 moisten'd
                 therewith
                 ,
                 immediately
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 begins
                 to
                 act
                 again
                 upon
                 the
                 moisten'd
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 distributing
                 it self
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 its
                 
                   Boughs
                   ,
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   Flowers
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 puts
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 condition
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 before
                 ,
                 when
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 moisture
                 the
                 Roots
                 gave
                 over
                 Acting
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 provided
                 this
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Action
                 be
                 not
                 too
                 long
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 kill
                 the
                 Plant
                 ;
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 preserve
                 it self
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 not
                 always
                 something
                 of
                 moisture
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 moisture
                 it
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   ;
                
                 )
                 just
                 as
                 continual
                 Evacuation
                 ,
                 and
                 long
                 Abstinence
                 ,
                 prove
                 mortal
                 to
                 Animals
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 live
                 any
                 considerable
                 time
                 without
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 of
                 Food
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 That
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 short-lived
                 ,
                 have
                 much
                 more
                 need
                 of
                 constant
                 Supplies
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 more
                 solid
                 and
                 massive
                 ,
                 will
                 live
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Roots
                 should
                 perform
                 no
                 Action
                 that
                 might
                 any
                 way
                 advantage
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 are
                 further
                 to
                 note
                 ,
                 That
                 though
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 prepared
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 goes
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 equally
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 make
                 them
                 grow
                 longer
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 it
                 does
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 so
                 as
                 we
                 cannot
                 perceive
                 it
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 its
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 enable
                 it
                 to
                 send
                 forth
                 fairer
                 Sie●s
                 ;
                 whereas
                 when
                 the
                 Sap
                 goes
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 abundance
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 it
                 shoot
                 out
                 in
                 Length
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 often
                 see
                 it
                 does
                 in
                 a
                 double
                 Quantity
                 ,
                 at
                 both
                 the
                 Solstices
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Vernal
                   Equinox
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 place
                 I
                 hold
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 being
                 duly
                 moved
                 ,
                 and
                 quicken'd
                 ,
                 serves
                 as
                 an
                 Instrument
                 to
                 Enliven
                 ,
                 to
                 Strengthen
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Envigorate
                 the
                 Roots
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Strength
                 or
                 Weakness
                 of
                 their
                 Action
                 ,
                 depends
                 wholly
                 upon
                 the
                 Strength
                 or
                 Weakness
                 of
                 the
                 Motion
                 or
                 Impression
                 they
                 derive
                 from
                 this
                 Principle
                 ;
                 
                 as
                 also
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Vigour
                 and
                 Activity
                 of
                 this
                 Principle
                 being
                 not
                 Infinite
                 ,
                 but
                 proportion'd
                 to
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 Enliven
                 ,
                 it
                 communicates
                 it self
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Roots
                 that
                 depend
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 Actuate
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Capacities
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 Instruments
                 it
                 must
                 necessarily
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 Performance
                 of
                 its
                 Office.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Considerations
                   upon
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   Roots
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   in
                   the
                   Planting
                   of
                   Trees
                   .
                
              
               
                 FRom
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 evidently
                 follows
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 Numerous
                 those
                 Roots
                 are
                 which
                 depend
                 upon
                 that
                 Principle
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 a
                 lesser
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 Motion
                 and
                 Impression
                 does
                 accrue
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 particular
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 most
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 only
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 Roots
                 receive
                 the
                 whole
                 Impression
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 certain
                 proportion
                 of
                 Vigor
                 as
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 distributed
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 Number
                 ;
                 each
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 those
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 being
                 thereby
                 more
                 plentifully
                 supplied
                 ,
                 doth
                 consequently
                 become
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 more
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 that
                 Impression
                 had
                 been
                 divided
                 amongst
                 a
                 dozen
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 as
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 this
                 Impression
                 can
                 never
                 lie
                 useless
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 received
                 ;
                 it
                 must
                 necessarily
                 act
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 either
                 strongly
                 or
                 weakly
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 its
                 own
                 Strength
                 or
                 Weakness
                 .
                 Now
                 since
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 this
                 Impression
                 upon
                 the
                 Root
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 other
                 Roots
                 ;
                 if
                 the
                 Impression
                 it self
                 be
                 weak
                 and
                 feeble
                 ,
                 such
                 also
                 by
                 consequence
                 must
                 the
                 Roots
                 be
                 that
                 are
                 produced
                 by
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 upon
                 this
                 Impression
                 that
                 the
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Vigour
                 of
                 these
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Tree
                 in
                 its
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 do
                 entirely
                 depend
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Roots
                 succeed
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 exert
                 themselves
                 strongly
                 ,
                 the
                 Tree
                 cannot
                 fail
                 of
                 thriving
                 both
                 in
                 its
                 Trunk
                 and
                 Branches
                 ;
                 as
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Roots
                 do
                 not
                 take
                 well
                 ,
                 the
                 Tree
                 will
                 of
                 necessity
                 grow
                 but
                 very
                 poorly
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 proceed
                 :
                 Since
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 Plants
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Soil
                 ,
                 proposes
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 Raising
                 a
                 Tree
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 Vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 long
                 Liv'd
                 .
                 He
                 must
                 take
                 special
                 Care
                 so
                 to
                 order
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Setting
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 put
                 forth
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 good
                 new
                 Roots
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 from
                 them
                 only
                 that
                 he
                 can
                 expect
                 the
                 Accomplishment
                 of
                 his
                 Desires
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 attaining
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 although
                 there
                 are
                 few
                 Trees
                 Planted
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 have
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Roots
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 will
                 receive
                 no
                 Advantage
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 whatever
                 their
                 Number
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 those
                 Roots
                 soon
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 Planted
                 do
                 not
                 produce
                 new
                 ones
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 You
                 must
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 from
                 these
                 thick
                 and
                 strong
                 new-grown
                 Roots
                 ,
                 that
                 Trees
                 become
                 fair
                 ,
                 great
                 ,
                 thick
                 Leav'd
                 ,
                 and
                 firmly
                 Rooted
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 whereas
                 those
                 new
                 Roots
                 which
                 are
                 small
                 and
                 feeble
                 ,
                 act
                 but
                 very
                 weakly
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 discover
                 the
                 Symptoms
                 of
                 their
                 Infirmity
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Leaves
                 or
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 belonging
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 These
                 thick
                 and
                 hard
                 new
                 Roots
                 shoot
                 forth
                 only
                 from
                 two
                 Places
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Either
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 rarely
                 happens
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 most
                 usual
                 ,
                 from
                 some
                 other
                 thick
                 and
                 strong
                 old
                 Roots
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 before
                 ,
                 such
                 Roots
                 as
                 are
                 small
                 and
                 feeble
                 ,
                 can
                 only
                 produce
                 others
                 as
                 feeble
                 as
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 not
                 likely
                 to
                 turn
                 to
                 any
                 account
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 of
                 those
                 old
                 ,
                 thick
                 ,
                 and
                 hard
                 Roots
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 only
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 expect
                 such
                 new
                 ones
                 to
                 shoot
                 out
                 as
                 you
                 desire
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 principally
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 latest
                 Growth
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 easily
                 distinguished
                 by
                 their
                 smooth
                 and
                 reddish
                 Skin
                 from
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 older
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 look
                 black
                 ,
                 rugged
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 wrinkles
                 ;
                 whereby
                 you
                 will
                 presently
                 discover
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 unfit
                 for
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 This
                 sort
                 of
                 good
                 Roots
                 cannot
                 be
                 produced
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 virtue
                 of
                 that
                 Impression
                 proceeding
                 from
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 Impression
                 will
                 be
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 strong
                 and
                 active
                 ,
                 the
                 fewer
                 you
                 leave
                 of
                 those
                 old
                 Roots
                 amongst
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 divided
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Impression
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 effectual
                 ,
                 the
                 nearer
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Principle
                 from
                 which
                 it
                 proceeds
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Nearness
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 strictly
                 and
                 absolutely
                 understood
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Restriction
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 we
                 say
                 ,
                 A
                 good
                 Eye
                 can
                 better
                 distinguish
                 Objects
                 which
                 are
                 near
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 which
                 
                 are
                 remote
                 ;
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 observed
                 by
                 the
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 Extremes
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 avoided
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 'T
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 good
                 new
                 Roots
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Trees
                 are
                 strongly
                 fasten'd
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 plentifully
                 nourished
                 ,
                 generally
                 shoot
                 forth
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 ;
                 provided
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 left
                 of
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 Length
                 ,
                 or
                 planted
                 above
                 a
                 Foot
                 deep
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 these
                 new
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 later
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 those
                 which
                 grow
                 at
                 a
                 greater
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 are
                 generally
                 more
                 lively
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 of
                 greater
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 nearer
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 observed
                 to
                 be
                 somewhat
                 smaller
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 since
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Roots
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 because
                 then
                 the
                 Tree
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 :
                 It
                 will
                 be
                 necessary
                 to
                 cut
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 general
                 somewhat
                 shorter
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Strength
                 or
                 Weakness
                 will
                 permit
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 weaker
                 Roots
                 may
                 have
                 more
                 cut
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 stronger
                 may
                 admit
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 length
                 .
                 Taking
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 General
                 Rule
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 largest
                 Trees
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 left
                 above
                 9
                 or
                 12
                 Inches
                 long
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 weaker
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 enough
                 to
                 leave
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 2
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 others
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 Inches
                 at
                 most
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Things
                 being
                 premised
                 ,
                 our
                 Gardiner
                 must
                 remember
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Tree
                 which
                 is
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Soil
                 thrive
                 well
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 retain
                 those
                 Roots
                 only
                 which
                 appear
                 Promising
                 ,
                 Young
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Bigness
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 Rags
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 we
                 call
                 
                   Hairy
                   Roots
                
                 ;
                 as
                 likewise
                 all
                 that
                 through
                 Age
                 are
                 worn
                 out
                 ,
                 rotten
                 ,
                 or
                 abandon'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 abandoning
                 you
                 may
                 easily
                 discover
                 by
                 this
                 Sign
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 When
                 some
                 younger
                 ,
                 larger
                 ,
                 and
                 fairer
                 Roots
                 shoo●
                 out
                 above
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 must
                 be
                 allowed
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 yet
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 hinted
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 strictly
                 and
                 literally
                 understood
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 how
                 small
                 soever
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Roots
                 is
                 which
                 you
                 retain
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 sufficient
                 for
                 receiving
                 the
                 whole
                 Virtue
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Tree's
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 become
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 such
                 new
                 Roots
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 good
                 and
                 serviceable
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 oftentimes
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 contented
                 with
                 one
                 single
                 Root
                 ,
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 do
                 not
                 prove
                 good
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 he
                 may
                 keep
                 2
                 or
                 3
                 ,
                 or
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 separated
                 at
                 a
                 due
                 distance
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 :
                 These
                 altogether
                 make
                 up
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 a
                 Bed
                 or
                 
                   Lay
                   of
                   Roots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 many
                 ,
                 must
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Planting
                 your
                 Tree
                 about
                 a
                 Foot
                 deep
                 ,
                 be
                 disposed
                 so
                 far
                 below
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 secure
                 them
                 from
                 being
                 killed
                 either
                 by
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Stroke
                 of
                 a
                 Spade
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 8
                 or
                 9
                 Inches
                 will
                 be
                 enough
                 )
                 but
                 yet
                 not
                 so
                 deep
                 as
                 to
                 hinder
                 them
                 from
                 enjoying
                 of
                 the
                 comfortable
                 warmth
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 Earth's
                 moisture
                 as
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Nourishment
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Let
                 him
                 rest
                 fully
                 assured
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 young
                 Tree
                 thus
                 planted
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 but
                 short
                 Roots
                 left
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 thrive
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 first
                 Years
                 ;
                 it
                 would
                 certainly
                 have
                 succeeded
                 no
                 better
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 left
                 it
                 more
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 greater
                 length
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 without
                 losing
                 any
                 more
                 time
                 in
                 a
                 fruitless
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 all
                 Gardiners
                 are
                 extremely
                 subject
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 resolve
                 with
                 all
                 convenient
                 speed
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Directions
                 here
                 prescribed
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 another
                 good
                 Tree
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 the
                 Rules
                 for
                 Planting
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 had
                 proposed
                 to
                 my self
                 ,
                 with
                 relation
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 and
                 the
                 Soil
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Tree
                 will
                 put
                 forth
                 good
                 new
                 Roots
                 ,
                 whereby
                 that
                 Nourishment
                 is
                 conveyed
                 to
                 it
                 which
                 causes
                 it
                 to
                 thrive
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 as
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 continue
                 vigorous
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Year
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 plentifully
                 both
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Fruit.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Considerations
                   upon
                   the
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   Prepared
                   in
                   the
                   Roots
                   .
                
              
               
                 FOR
                 the
                 better
                 Illustration
                 how
                 that
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 begins
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 each
                 Root
                 ,
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 of
                 time
                 distributed
                 into
                 the
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 Branches
                 ,
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruit
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 I
                 cannot
                 think
                 of
                 any
                 fitter
                 or
                 more
                 Instructive
                 Comparison
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Torch
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 lighted
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 dark
                 Room
                 ,
                 does
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 diffuse
                 its
                 Light
                 in
                 its
                 whole
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Room
                 wherever
                 it
                 can
                 reach
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Sap
                 being
                 a
                 Liquid
                 ,
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 Subtil
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 all
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 participate
                 of
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 to
                 
                 have
                 its
                 Centre
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 lower
                 Parts
                 :
                 The
                 Resemblance
                 in
                 the
                 subtility
                 of
                 their
                 matter
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 between
                 Sap
                 and
                 Light
                 ,
                 will
                 ,
                 I
                 hope
                 ,
                 make
                 my
                 Comparison
                 allowable
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 how
                 far
                 soever
                 it
                 may
                 hold
                 in
                 some
                 Respects
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 am
                 very
                 sensible
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 difference
                 in
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 Light
                 diffuses
                 its
                 strongest
                 emissions
                 upon
                 those
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 that
                 are
                 nearest
                 to
                 the
                 Luminous
                 Body
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 their
                 Source
                 and
                 Original
                 Cause
                 ,
                 so
                 likewise
                 it
                 grows
                 sensibly
                 Weaker
                 in
                 the
                 Remoter
                 Parts
                 ,
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 their
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 distance
                 from
                 that
                 Source
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 grounded
                 upon
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 determined
                 every
                 Agent
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 limited
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Activity
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Act
                 more
                 powerfully
                 upon
                 those
                 Objects
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 Reasonable
                 distance
                 ,
                 than
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 being
                 further
                 off
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 some
                 manner
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 reach
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 produces
                 its
                 most
                 considerable
                 Effects
                 ,
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 which
                 are
                 farthest
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 originally
                 deriv'd
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 a
                 Natural
                 tendency
                 to
                 raise
                 it self
                 ,
                 with
                 impetuosity
                 to
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 its
                 proper
                 Centre
                 ;
                 it
                 only
                 makes
                 a
                 quick
                 and
                 brisk
                 Passage
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Channels
                 to
                 convey
                 it
                 to
                 that
                 Centre
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 find
                 then
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 is
                 prepared
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 makes
                 its
                 first
                 Entrance
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 into
                 these
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 ,
                 tho'
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 receive
                 no
                 benefit
                 from
                 that
                 Sap
                 ,
                 but
                 proportionably
                 as
                 they
                 lye
                 nearer
                 ,
                 or
                 farther
                 from
                 the
                 Spring
                 which
                 produced
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 only
                 Advantage
                 the
                 Lower
                 parts
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 can
                 get
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 proceeds
                 merely
                 from
                 the
                 abode
                 which
                 that
                 Sap
                 ,
                 in
                 its
                 continual
                 Ascent
                 towards
                 those
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 is
                 sometimes
                 forced
                 to
                 make
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 those
                 Lower
                 parts
                 .
                 This
                 abode
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 already
                 come
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Sap
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 soon
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 putting
                 forth
                 
                   Branches
                   ,
                   Leaves
                
                 and
                 Fruits
                 is
                 a
                 hindrance
                 to
                 the
                 Attempt
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 comes
                 after
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 stopping
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 makes
                 it
                 tarry
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 from
                 those
                 extremities
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 passage
                 be
                 opened
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 issue
                 out
                 as
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Sap
                 did
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 methinks
                 ,
                 This
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Resemblance
                 with
                 what
                 often
                 happens
                 in
                 a
                 Stream
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 stopt
                 in
                 its
                 descent
                 by
                 some
                 Dam.
                 This
                 Stream
                 hastening
                 to
                 its
                 Centre
                 beyond
                 that
                 Dam
                 ,
                 runs
                 continually
                 toward
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 swiftness
                 that
                 the
                 pressure
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 Weight
                 can
                 afford
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 New
                 Water
                 which
                 flows
                 every
                 moment
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 Spring
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 deriv'd
                 ,
                 striving
                 naturally
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 ,
                 which
                 issued
                 out
                 first
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 intercepted
                 in
                 its
                 passage
                 by
                 that
                 first
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 cannot
                 reach
                 even
                 the
                 Dam
                 ;
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 having
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 seized
                 upon
                 that
                 principal
                 Post
                 ,
                 hinders
                 it
                 from
                 flowing
                 any
                 further
                 ,
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Dam
                 hindred
                 the
                 flowing
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 both
                 being
                 so
                 stopt
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Conflux
                 of
                 Water
                 made
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Tract
                 of
                 Land.
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 parts
                 of
                 that
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Dam
                 ,
                 dilate
                 themselves
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 Wet
                 ,
                 Nourish
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 Drown
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Plants
                 growing
                 on
                 its
                 Banks
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 neither
                 Watered
                 nor
                 Nourished
                 ,
                 could
                 that
                 Water
                 instead
                 of
                 meeting
                 with
                 the
                 said
                 Dam
                 ,
                 have
                 freely
                 arrived
                 whither
                 its
                 own
                 Declivity
                 would
                 have
                 carried
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 the
                 Sap
                 whose
                 Source
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 natural
                 propension
                 to
                 Rise
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 it
                 tends
                 as
                 its
                 own
                 Centre
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 stopt
                 far
                 enough
                 from
                 its
                 designed
                 mark
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 which
                 ascended
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 had
                 not
                 time
                 enough
                 by
                 issuing
                 forth
                 to
                 compleat
                 it
                 s
                 intended
                 Work.
                 
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 ascended
                 last
                 ,
                 continues
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 stopp'd
                 ,
                 it
                 never
                 fails
                 of
                 producing
                 some
                 New
                 Effect
                 ,
                 which
                 shews
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 stopp'd
                 there
                 :
                 for
                 its
                 abode
                 is
                 never
                 useless
                 wherever
                 it
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Effects
                 produced
                 by
                 it
                 are
                 these
                 .
              
               
                 Where
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 usually
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Trunk
                 and
                 bigger
                 Branches
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 Active
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 which
                 are
                 got
                 nearest
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 Ascended
                 first
                 ,
                 are
                 prepared
                 there
                 in
                 some
                 Measure
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 that
                 which
                 came
                 up
                 first
                 ,
                 in
                 putting
                 forth
                 New
                 Branches
                 ,
                 differing
                 in
                 their
                 bigness
                 and
                 number
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 its
                 plenty
                 :
                 (
                 in
                 what
                 Order
                 these
                 Branches
                 are
                 produced
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 explain
                 hereafter
                 )
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 less
                 Vigorous
                 ,
                 doth
                 the
                 same
                 every
                 where
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 appears
                 to
                 do
                 in
                 Branches
                 of
                 a
                 lesser
                 Size
                 ;
                 Viz.
                 Both
                 of
                 them
                 Form
                 
                 those
                 Protuberant
                 and
                 Round
                 Eyes
                 which
                 meet
                 near
                 their
                 Passage
                 ,
                 and
                 Place
                 of
                 their
                 abode
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 begin
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 finish
                 the
                 Fruit-buds
                 ;
                 Namely
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 happily
                 Temper'd
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Degree
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 perfection
                 .
                 The
                 Consideration
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 has
                 induced
                 me
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   the
                   Fruit
                   Buds
                   grow
                   sometimes
                   upon
                   the
                   weak
                   of
                   the
                   Strong
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   upon
                   the
                   Strong
                   of
                   the
                   Weak
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit-buds
                   .
                
              
               
                 FOR
                 the
                 better
                 Understanding
                 this
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 former
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 Relates
                 to
                 those
                 Fruit-buds
                 ,
                 which
                 tho'
                 they
                 grow
                 sometimes
                 upon
                 the
                 bigger
                 Branches
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 which
                 are
                 farthest
                 distant
                 from
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 in
                 the
                 lowest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 :
                 The
                 Second
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 concerning
                 the
                 Buds
                 that
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 Weak
                 Branches
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 quite
                 contrary
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 big
                 ones
                 ;
                 Viz.
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 Extremities
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 then
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 have
                 already
                 heard
                 ,
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 Strong
                 and
                 Weak
                 ,
                 upon
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 these
                 Fruit-buds
                 are
                 formed
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 think
                 I
                 may
                 presume
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 is
                 diffused
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 extent
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 ,
                 makes
                 there
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Sap
                 :
                 I
                 am
                 forced
                 to
                 express
                 my self
                 in
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 my
                 Maxim
                 more
                 intelligible
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 question
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 before
                 intimated
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 proportion
                 of
                 that
                 Sap
                 rises
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 than
                 remains
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 I
                 give
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Strong
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Branch
                 that
                 is
                 big
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Branches
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 gathered
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 I
                 call
                 Weak
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 the
                 whole
                 Branch
                 whether
                 small
                 and
                 weak
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Branches
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 which
                 partakes
                 of
                 that
                 Sap
                 in
                 a
                 lesser
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 I
                 positively
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 big
                 and
                 strong
                 Branches
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 greater
                 confluence
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 that
                 Sap
                 forcing
                 it self
                 upward
                 to
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 is
                 consequently
                 convey'd
                 thither
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 abundance
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 fit
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 putting
                 forth
                 many
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 not
                 Adapted
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Fruit-buds
                 .
                 For
                 experience
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 are
                 never
                 brought
                 forth
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 those
                 places
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 just
                 proportion
                 of
                 
                   Sap
                   ,
                   Viz.
                
                 Neither
                 too
                 much
                 nor
                 too
                 little
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 probably
                 ,
                 That
                 we
                 never
                 see
                 any
                 Fruit-buds
                 growing
                 at
                 the
                 Prun'd
                 or
                 Lopp'd
                 Extremity
                 of
                 a
                 big
                 Branch
                 ,
                 except
                 when
                 the
                 Sap
                 has
                 been
                 diverted
                 by
                 some
                 unknown
                 Obstacle
                 ,
                 from
                 Rising
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 altogether
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 its
                 usual
                 Course
                 ;
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 lower
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 neither
                 so
                 plentiful
                 nor
                 so
                 stirring
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 frequently
                 produced
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 induced
                 me
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Fruit-buds
                 
                   grow
                   sometimes
                   upon
                   the
                   Weak
                   of
                   the
                   Strong
                
                 ;
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 
                   upon
                   the
                   Weak
                
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Strong
                   Branch
                
                 ,
                 where
                 by
                 Weak
                 ,
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 being
                 really
                 much
                 less
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 lower
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 ,
                 or
                 Extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 by
                 consequence
                 a
                 greater
                 disposition
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 those
                 lovely
                 Fruit-buds
                 which
                 so
                 justly
                 challenge
                 our
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 former
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Maxim
                 being
                 well
                 understood
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 no
                 great
                 difficulty
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Fruit-buds
                 
                   grow
                   sometimes
                   upon
                   the
                   Strong
                   of
                   the
                   Weak
                
                 the
                 meaning
                 is
                 plain
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 shoot
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 
                   weak
                   Branches
                
                 ,
                 wherein
                 ,
                 tho'
                 indeed
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 big
                 ones
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 extremities
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 just
                 measure
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 Frame
                 or
                 Conformation
                 of
                 those
                 Fruit-buds
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 true
                 Reason
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 middle
                 siz'd
                 Branches
                 that
                 are
                 neither
                 too
                 big
                 nor
                 too
                 little
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 first
                 loaded
                 with
                 Fruit-buds
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 years
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 put
                 out
                 Buds
                 at
                 their
                 ends
                 ,
                 then
                 continue
                 from
                 year
                 to
                 year
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 forth
                 in
                 their
                 whole
                 length
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 they
                 shift
                 from
                 one
                 part
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 
                 still
                 drawing
                 back
                 by
                 degrees
                 nearer
                 to
                 that
                 big
                 Branch
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 sprung
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 bear
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 nearest
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 had
                 their
                 first
                 Production
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflexions
                   upon
                   the
                   short
                   continuance
                   of
                   the
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Branches
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 Have
                 observed
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 in
                 Discoursing
                 of
                 the
                 means
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 ill
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Branches
                
                 are
                 Subject
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Branches
                 never
                 last
                 long
                 in
                 any
                 Trees
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 in
                 Stone-Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 Peaches
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 bear
                 twice
                 successively
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 .
                 Commonly
                 they
                 die
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 year
                 of
                 their
                 bearing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 following
                 year
                 after
                 their
                 shooting
                 forth
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 escape
                 ,
                 the
                 Reason
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 grown
                 a
                 little
                 bigger
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 forth
                 out
                 at
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 some
                 other
                 Fruitful
                 Branches
                 against
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 become
                 Dry
                 and
                 Useless
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 consequence
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Core-Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 Branches
                 last
                 somewhat
                 longer
                 ,
                 a
                 〈…〉
                 continue
                 bearing
                 throughout
                 their
                 whole
                 Length
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 years
                 successively
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 fall
                 by
                 the
                 Common
                 Fate
                 of
                 
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Branches
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 perish
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Fruitfulness
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 improbable
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 in
                 Relation
                 to
                 the
                 dying
                 of
                 these
                 Fruit-Branches
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 generally
                 observ'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fruits
                 themselves
                 ,
                 which
                 decay
                 constantly
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Resemblance
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 well
                 enough
                 Grounded
                 ,
                 to
                 admit
                 the
                 Comparison
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 degree
                 or
                 mark
                 of
                 Corruption
                 in
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 perfection
                 of
                 their
                 Ripeness
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 then
                 nearest
                 to
                 Corruption
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 attained
                 their
                 compleat
                 Maturity
                 ;
                 so
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 their
                 beginning
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 Sign
                 of
                 their
                 approaching
                 Destruction
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 Observation
                 of
                 Gard'ners
                 ,
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Moment
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 bear
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 probable
                 Reason
                 of
                 this
                 particular
                 Destruction
                 ;
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 
                   Fruit-bearing
                   Branch
                
                 destroys
                 it self
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 hath
                 no
                 peculiar
                 Action
                 distinct
                 from
                 the
                 general
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 whose
                 great
                 End
                 is
                 self-preservation
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 then
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Parts
                 
                   (
                   Viz.
                
                 The
                 
                   Weak
                   Branches
                
                 )
                 through
                 which
                 that
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 passeth
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 stored
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 strengthen
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 do
                 first
                 begin
                 to
                 dry
                 up
                 insensibly
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 after
                 wholly
                 Wither
                 and
                 Dye
                 :
                 Whereas
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 which
                 are
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 greater
                 Plenty
                 ;
                 Viz.
                 The
                 
                   Strong
                   ,
                   Thick
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Vigorous
                   Branches
                
                 ,
                 being
                 daily
                 supplied
                 with
                 New
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 Fortified
                 against
                 the
                 Injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 have
                 also
                 the
                 good
                 luck
                 of
                 a
                 longer
                 continuance
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   inward
                   Contexture
                   of
                   Fruit-buds
                   .
                
              
               
                 IT
                 is
                 a
                 Question
                 that
                 has
                 extreamly
                 puzled
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 to
                 explain
                 the
                 inward
                 Frame
                 of
                 these
                 Fruit-buds
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Contexture
                 and
                 Arranging
                 of
                 those
                 little
                 Leaves
                 enfolded
                 in
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 up
                 those
                 Buds
                 and
                 distinguish
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 are
                 an
                 ample
                 Subject
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 Curious
                 but
                 difficult
                 disquisition
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 should
                 be
                 extreamly
                 glad
                 to
                 Arrive
                 at
                 a
                 perfect
                 understanding
                 of
                 this
                 wonderful
                 Master-piece
                 of
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 pains
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 forced
                 to
                 acquiesce
                 and
                 satisfie
                 my
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 by
                 saying
                 plainly
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 general
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Buds
                 may
                 probably
                 be
                 formed
                 ,
                 almost
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 with
                 Cabbages
                 and
                 Loaf'd
                 Lettuces
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 see
                 then
                 ,
                 whether
                 we
                 can
                 unfold
                 the
                 Mystery
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 attain
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 find
                 how
                 far
                 this
                 Comparison
                 will
                 hold
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Species
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 which
                 commonly
                 do
                 but
                 shoot
                 forth
                 outwardly
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 only
                 lengthen
                 and
                 extend
                 their
                 Extremities
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 sort
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 either
                 grow
                 upright
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Asparagus
                   ,
                   Artichokes
                
                 ;
                 or
                 such
                 as
                 creep
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Gourds
                   ,
                   Ivy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Others
                 there
                 are
                 which
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 do
                 only
                 shoot
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 firmer
                 and
                 more
                 compacted
                 Substance
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 take
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 All
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 an
                 Orbicular
                 Figure
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cabbages
                   ,
                   Loaf'd
                   Lettuces
                
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 those
                 Plants
                 which
                 are
                 tied
                 together
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 grow
                 white
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Chicorees
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 kind
                 shoot
                 only
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 grown
                 before
                 ;
                 the
                 others
                 rarely
                 shoot
                 but
                 only
                 just
                 round
                 about
                 their
                 Center
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 almost
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 Water
                 springing
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 source
                 of
                 a
                 Fountain
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 premised
                 this
                 :
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 Cabbage
                 and
                 Lettuces
                 cannot
                 grow
                 round
                 when
                 their
                 Root
                 is
                 too
                 vigorous
                 ;
                 that
                 excess
                 of
                 Vigor
                 causing
                 them
                 to
                 grow
                 upright
                 in
                 their
                 Stem
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 their
                 strength
                 will
                 allow
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 causing
                 them
                 to
                 run
                 up
                 to
                 Seed
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 strength
                 is
                 much
                 exhausted
                 ;
                 so
                 likewise
                 scarce
                 any
                 Fruit-buds
                 can
                 be
                 produced
                 on
                 Trees
                 or
                 Branches
                 too
                 much
                 invigorated
                 by
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 that
                 excess
                 of
                 it
                 causing
                 them
                 to
                 exert
                 themselves
                 in
                 length
                 instead
                 of
                 growing
                 round
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 to
                 become
                 really
                 Fruit-buds
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 certain
                 Mediocrity
                 then
                 of
                 Vigor
                 is
                 requisite
                 in
                 those
                 kinds
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 growing
                 Round
                 and
                 Headed
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 certain
                 Mediocrity
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 Fruit-Trees
                 to
                 produce
                 Fruit-buds
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 understand
                 after
                 what
                 manner
                 those
                 Heads
                 are
                 framed
                 in
                 Cabbages
                 and
                 Lettuces
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 outward
                 Coats
                 and
                 Leaves
                 are
                 commonly
                 first
                 produced
                 in
                 those
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Formation
                 begun
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Plants
                 themselves
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Leaves
                 first
                 produced
                 ,
                 there
                 usually
                 remain
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 which
                 growing
                 proportionably
                 to
                 the
                 Dimensions
                 of
                 the
                 Cabbage
                 or
                 Lettuce
                 ,
                 serve
                 for
                 Ramparts
                 and
                 Bastions
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Nobler
                 Parts
                 lying
                 innermost
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 or
                 Magazine
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 old
                 outward
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Instinct
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                 Gardiner's
                 Industry
                 ,
                 contracting
                 their
                 Extremities
                 very
                 close
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 do
                 form
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Natural
                 Girdle
                 ,
                 or
                 Cap
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 which
                 entirely
                 covers
                 and
                 encloses
                 the
                 Heart
                 and
                 Inside
                 of
                 those
                 Plants
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 their
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 ,
                 and
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 which
                 are
                 produced
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 resembling
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 already
                 ,
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 a
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 shoots
                 continually
                 from
                 its
                 whole
                 Circumference
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 small
                 Productions
                 ,
                 which
                 become
                 so
                 many
                 small
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 these
                 being
                 confined
                 ,
                 and
                 hindred
                 from
                 spreading
                 abroad
                 ,
                 enfold
                 and
                 entangle
                 themselves
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 grow
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 break
                 open
                 the
                 Bars
                 which
                 restrain
                 them
                 in
                 so
                 narrow
                 a
                 compass
                 ,
                 and
                 violently
                 to
                 force
                 their
                 way
                 out
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 they
                 remain
                 tender
                 ,
                 delicate
                 ,
                 and
                 white
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 being
                 very
                 numerous
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 but
                 little
                 room
                 ,
                 they
                 draw
                 so
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 become
                 a
                 hard
                 and
                 solid
                 Body
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 what
                 is
                 called
                 Cabbages
                 ,
                 and
                 Loaf'd-Lettuces
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 improbable
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Fruit-buds
                 are
                 formed
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 those
                 
                   Headed
                   Cabbages
                
                 .
                 Without
                 question
                 't
                 is
                 partly
                 the
                 Frame
                 and
                 Figure
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 their
                 Denominations
                 .
                 In
                 Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 small
                 ,
                 blackish
                 ,
                 sharp-topped
                 Roundness
                 which
                 both
                 makes
                 ,
                 and
                 encloses
                 the
                 blossom
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 properly
                 termed
                 Bud
                 ,
                 than
                 Head
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 Cabbage
                 and
                 Lettuce
                 ,
                 their
                 bigness
                 and
                 roundness
                 causes
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 fitly
                 styled
                 Heads
                 ,
                 than
                 Buds
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 That
                 Onions
                 are
                 formed
                 within
                 the
                 Ground
                 almost
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Cabbages
                 and
                 Lettuce
                 are
                 upon
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 as
                 those
                 
                   Onions
                   ,
                   Cabbages
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lettuce
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 supplied
                 with
                 an
                 additional
                 encrease
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 begin
                 to
                 disclose
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 contained
                 hidden
                 within
                 :
                 Just
                 so
                 the
                 Fruit-buds
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 received
                 an
                 inward
                 Encrease
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 Rarefaction
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 Sap
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 new
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 burst
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 disclose
                 at
                 last
                 that
                 Blossom
                 which
                 carries
                 in
                 it
                 the
                 Embrio
                 ,
                 or
                 first
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 first
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Particle
                 ,
                 enclosed
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Blossom
                 ,
                 wherein
                 is
                 contained
                 the
                 Seed
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 produced
                 ;
                 nor
                 does
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 receive
                 their
                 Formation
                 till
                 the
                 decreasing
                 of
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 descent
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 of
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Summer
                 .
                 The
                 temperate
                 Warmth
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 assists
                 the
                 Tree
                 in
                 bringing
                 to
                 perfection
                 what
                 was
                 but
                 just
                 begun
                 ,
                 at
                 once
                 gratifying
                 the
                 Gardiner
                 with
                 the
                 agreeable
                 Object
                 of
                 his
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Desires
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 Nature
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 multiplying
                 its
                 Productions
                 .
              
               
               
                 Thus
                 far
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 led
                 by
                 my
                 Curiosity
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Essay
                 of
                 enquiring
                 into
                 the
                 inward
                 Frame
                 and
                 Texture
                 of
                 Fruit-Buds
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ingenuously
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 made
                 any
                 considerable
                 Progress
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 reflect
                 upon
                 that
                 vast
                 difference
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Species
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 the
                 Buds
                 of
                 S●●pe-Fruits
                 have
                 in
                 them
                 but
                 one
                 Blossom
                 apiece
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Core
                 Fruit-Buds
                 enclose
                 10
                 or
                 12
                 together
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 mention
                 the
                 many
                 other
                 Distinctions
                 in
                 their
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   other
                   Effects
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   Thickning
                   and
                   Lengthning
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   .
                
              
               
                 I
                 Come
                 now
                 to
                 speak
                 again
                 of
                 those
                 Effects
                 which
                 owe
                 their
                 Being
                 to
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 some
                 particular
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 evidently
                 demonstrated
                 by
                 the
                 Instance
                 of
                 those
                 Willow-tops
                 that
                 grow
                 to
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 bigness
                 in
                 comparison
                 of
                 their
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 which
                 undoubtedly
                 proceeds
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 That
                 their
                 Top-branches
                 being
                 often
                 Lopp'd
                 off
                 near
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 their
                 shooting
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 rising
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 usual
                 course
                 ,
                 cannot
                 issue
                 out
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 arrived
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 forced
                 to
                 tarry
                 there
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 sticking
                 and
                 incorporating
                 it self
                 in
                 part
                 to
                 that
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 stopp'd
                 ,
                 it
                 causes
                 that
                 Head
                 to
                 grow
                 much
                 bigger
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 through
                 which
                 it
                 only
                 makes
                 a
                 quick
                 Passage
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 reasonably
                 enough
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 causes-the
                 bigness
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Leaves
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 almost
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 melted
                 Wax
                 doth
                 in
                 
                   Tapers
                   ,
                   Flambeaux
                
                 and
                 Torches
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 difference
                 only
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 yet
                 doth
                 not
                 alter
                 the
                 Comparison
                 )
                 That
                 the
                 Sap
                 risesup
                 between
                 the
                 Wood
                 and
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 aspiring
                 to
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 light
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 whereas
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 melted
                 Wax
                 runs
                 downward
                 along
                 the
                 suspended
                 Wyck
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 tends
                 to
                 the
                 Center
                 of
                 heavy
                 Bodies
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 it
                 happens
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 that
                 melted
                 Wax
                 stays
                 any
                 longer
                 in
                 one
                 part
                 than
                 in
                 another
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 fail
                 of
                 producing
                 the
                 same
                 Effect
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 doth
                 in
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 
                   maimed
                   Trees
                
                 .
                 I
                 cannot
                 find
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 Mechanics
                 fitter
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 lively
                 Representation
                 ,
                 how
                 Sap
                 ,
                 though
                 Liquid
                 it self
                 ,
                 can
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 thickning
                 a
                 Solid
                 Body
                 by
                 that
                 Solidity
                 which
                 it self
                 acquires
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 really
                 grows
                 thick
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Coats
                 successively
                 enfolded
                 one
                 over
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 obvious
                 enough
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 doth
                 but
                 consider
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 any
                 Stump
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 views
                 the
                 Structure
                 of
                 
                   Onions
                   ,
                   Radishes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Roots
                 ,
                 when
                 cut
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Extension
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Leaves
                 of
                 every
                 Plant
                 ;
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 viz.
                 By
                 the
                 new
                 Parts
                 drawing
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 so
                 close
                 an
                 Union
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 Philosophically
                 ,
                 such
                 an
                 intimate
                 and
                 individual
                 Incorporation
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 either
                 to
                 distinguish
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 unfold
                 and
                 separate
                 them
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 )
                 I
                 say
                 then
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 Extension
                 of
                 Branches
                 ,
                 the
                 new
                 Sap
                 must
                 needs
                 have
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 the
                 Propriety
                 of
                 mollifying
                 and
                 melting
                 the
                 hard
                 Extremity
                 of
                 each
                 Branch
                 ,
                 and
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Year's
                 Growth
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 may
                 unite
                 the
                 new
                 Liquid
                 with
                 the
                 old
                 Solid
                 ,
                 and
                 constitute
                 a
                 Body
                 altogether
                 like
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 least
                 difference
                 cannot
                 be
                 perceived
                 between
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 Point
                 that
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 nor
                 has
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 Humane
                 Industry
                 ever
                 yet
                 attained
                 to
                 any
                 Performance
                 comparable
                 to
                 that
                 Imperceptible
                 Extension
                 of
                 Branches
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Painters
                 Colours
                 laid
                 on
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Solder
                 which
                 Goldsmiths
                 and
                 Founders
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 afford
                 us
                 some
                 saint
                 Resemblance
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 yet
                 we
                 must
                 have
                 Recourse
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 Effect
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 a
                 clear
                 Idea
                 of
                 this
                 so
                 perfect
                 an
                 Union
                 .
                 For
                 Instance
                 ;
                 That
                 of
                 Ice
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 is
                 formed
                 over
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Basin
                 of
                 a
                 Fountain
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 the
                 Superficies
                 of
                 that
                 Water
                 which
                 was
                 Congeled
                 to
                 day
                 ,
                 cannot
                 absolutely
                 be
                 distinguished
                 from
                 the
                 inner
                 Parts
                 of
                 that
                 Water
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 Congeled
                 to
                 morrow
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 successively
                 from
                 one
                 Part
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Cold
                 continues
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 stronger
                 Influence
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 comparison
                 of
                 Gutters
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Icicles
                 grow
                 longer
                 ,
                 proportionably
                 as
                 the
                 Cold
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 becomes
                 more
                 intense
                 ,
                 represents
                 still
                 more
                 clearly
                 ,
                 that
                 lengthning
                 of
                 Branches
                 which
                 we
                 can
                 so
                 difficultly
                 solve
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 for
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 how
                 those
                 Knots
                 and
                 Eyes
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 artificially
                 
                 placed
                 at
                 certain
                 Distances
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 beautifully
                 adorned
                 with
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 is
                 beyond
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 our
                 Understanding
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 however
                 ,
                 neither
                 of
                 these
                 Comparisons
                 will
                 signifie
                 much
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 unless
                 there
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 interval
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 day
                 to
                 another
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 abatement
                 of
                 Cold
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 certainly
                 appear
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 has
                 been
                 some
                 relenting
                 of
                 the
                 Frost
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 that
                 continues
                 without
                 any
                 intermission
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 a
                 like
                 effect
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 during
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 has
                 in
                 the
                 extended
                 Branches
                 during
                 the
                 Heats
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Summer
                 .
                 The
                 only
                 difficulty
                 lies
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Extension
                 ,
                 which
                 happens
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 arises
                 from
                 the
                 stirring
                 activity
                 in
                 the
                 Liquid
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 rises
                 up
                 anew
                 to
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 hard
                 and
                 solid
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 preceding
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 we
                 may
                 observe
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Tree
                 is
                 easily
                 to
                 be
                 cleft
                 lengthways
                 ,
                 viz.
                 From
                 the
                 Head
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 Foot
                 to
                 Head
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 in
                 that
                 Position
                 the
                 Fibres
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 its
                 Trunk
                 consists
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 some
                 manner
                 like
                 Threads
                 wrapped
                 close
                 one
                 over
                 another
                 :
                 But
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 breadthways
                 or
                 across
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 cleave
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 several
                 Parts
                 are
                 so
                 compacted
                 and
                 linked
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 seems
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 little
                 All
                 ,
                 perfect
                 and
                 entire
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 neither
                 can
                 any
                 Separation
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 sharp-edg'd
                 Tool
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 Effects
                 are
                 produced
                 by
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 are
                 yet
                 more
                 fully
                 demonstrated
                 by
                 its
                 contrary
                 ,
                 namely
                 by
                 the
                 too
                 quick
                 Passage
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 whether
                 Core
                 or
                 Stone-Fruit
                 )
                 when
                 the
                 Sap
                 following
                 its
                 usual
                 Course
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 ascend
                 by
                 regular
                 Steps
                 to
                 the
                 extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 doth
                 in
                 its
                 Passage
                 open
                 to
                 it self
                 an
                 indirect
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 way
                 into
                 some
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 few
                 days
                 puts
                 forth
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 Suckers
                 or
                 
                   False
                   Shoots
                
                 .
                 The
                 Sap
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 disordered
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 its
                 Escape
                 with
                 some
                 sort
                 of
                 Violence
                 ,
                 bursts
                 out
                 and
                 rises
                 with
                 an
                 impetuous
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 during
                 that
                 first
                 Effort
                 ,
                 makes
                 no
                 stay
                 in
                 its
                 Passage
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Eyes
                 which
                 are
                 nearest
                 that
                 breaking
                 out
                 are
                 very
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 are
                 flat
                 and
                 ill
                 nourished
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 scarcely
                 discernible
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 that
                 first
                 Effort
                 is
                 somewhat
                 abated
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 returns
                 to
                 its
                 ordinary
                 pace
                 ,
                 and
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 its
                 regular
                 Pauses
                 ;
                 whereby
                 it
                 both
                 forms
                 those
                 Eyes
                 nearer
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 affords
                 them
                 better
                 Nourishment
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 while
                 the
                 lower
                 Parts
                 are
                 accounted
                 useless
                 and
                 false
                 Wood
                 ,
                 the
                 upper
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 prove
                 fruitful
                 and
                 well
                 condition'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Reader
                 perhaps
                 may
                 think
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 insisted
                 too
                 long
                 upon
                 this
                 Comparison
                 between
                 Sap
                 and
                 Light
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 explain
                 my
                 Notion
                 more
                 briefly
                 concerning
                 that
                 extream
                 quickness
                 wherewith
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 after
                 its
                 being
                 prepared
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 seems
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 so
                 I
                 wish
                 that
                 even
                 thus
                 I
                 may
                 have
                 the
                 good
                 fortune
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   some
                   other
                   Effects
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   Quantity
                   of
                   the
                   Sap.
                   
                
              
               
                 I
                 Shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 another
                 Instance
                 ,
                 wherein
                 a
                 lighted
                 Torch
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 Trees
                 have
                 a
                 mutual
                 Analogy
                 or
                 Resemblance
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 further
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 different
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 in
                 relation
                 to
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 Thickening
                 ,
                 Lengthening
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 the
                 Universal
                 Extension
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 as
                 a
                 Luminous
                 Body
                 ,
                 the
                 bigger
                 and
                 brighter
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 farther
                 will
                 it
                 diffuse
                 its
                 Light
                 ;
                 just
                 so
                 those
                 Roots
                 that
                 are
                 thickest
                 ,
                 hardest
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 vigorous
                 in
                 their
                 Operation
                 ,
                 do
                 force
                 up
                 highest
                 that
                 Sap
                 or
                 Nourishment
                 that
                 is
                 prepared
                 by
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 easie
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Reason
                 how
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 some
                 Trees
                 or
                 Branches
                 come
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 which
                 certainly
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 substantial
                 and
                 strong
                 Roots
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 whence
                 consequently
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 Sap
                 enough
                 prepared
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 it
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 former
                 Years
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 in
                 that
                 very
                 Season
                 wherein
                 this
                 Defect
                 was
                 observed
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Instance
                 :
                 The
                 Sap
                 that
                 in
                 other
                 Years
                 used
                 to
                 rise
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 Fathoms
                 ,
                 may
                 now
                 perhaps
                 rise
                 but
                 10
                 or
                 12
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 this
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 certain
                 Indication
                 when
                 the
                 new
                 Branches
                 shoot
                 out
                 no
                 where
                 but
                 at
                 a
                 considerable
                 distance
                 below
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 .
              
               
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 had
                 advanced
                 the
                 Boughs
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 Feet
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 towards
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 they
                 begin
                 to
                 grow
                 blackish
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 wither
                 and
                 die
                 within
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 Inches
                 of
                 the
                 Top
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 even
                 when
                 the
                 Root
                 seemed
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 to
                 have
                 sufficiently
                 done
                 its
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soil
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 duly
                 qualified
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 just
                 proportion
                 of
                 Heat
                 and
                 Moisture
                 as
                 was
                 requisite
                 for
                 their
                 Vegetation
                 :
                 When
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 happens
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 ascribed
                 to
                 no
                 other
                 Cause
                 than
                 the
                 drying
                 up
                 of
                 their
                 Moisture
                 by
                 the
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 their
                 Roots
                 being
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 weak
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 resist
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 which
                 were
                 more
                 vigorous
                 and
                 substantial
                 .
                 What
                 means
                 are
                 proper
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 for
                 the
                 preventing
                 of
                 such
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 mentioned
                 elsewhere
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 since
                 the
                 more
                 vigorous
                 the
                 Root
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 vigorously
                 also
                 it
                 will
                 act
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 suck
                 in
                 more
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 that
                 Nourishment
                 to
                 rise
                 so
                 much
                 higher
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 undoubtedly
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ,
                 whereby
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Accession
                 made
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 length
                 ,
                 proceeds
                 only
                 from
                 this
                 vigour
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Root
                 ;
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 the
                 Root
                 is
                 the
                 true
                 cause
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 sufficient
                 quantity
                 to
                 rise
                 to
                 a
                 considerable
                 height
                 ,
                 is
                 confined
                 much
                 lower
                 than
                 its
                 usual
                 pitch
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 seems
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 all
                 Animals
                 are
                 limited
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 determinate
                 Size
                 and
                 Proportion
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 containing
                 such
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 conveyed
                 by
                 a
                 Pipe
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 cannot
                 raise
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 height
                 than
                 the
                 Level
                 of
                 that
                 Source
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 flows
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Dimensions
                 of
                 all
                 Vegetables
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 confined
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 stint
                 both
                 of
                 height
                 and
                 circumference
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 fixed
                 Point
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 may
                 ascend
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 putting
                 forth
                 new
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 rise
                 higher
                 to
                 cause
                 any
                 further
                 Production
                 .
                 Thus
                 if
                 we
                 Lop
                 a
                 Tree
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 Feet
                 ,
                 whose
                 usual
                 height
                 does
                 not
                 exceed
                 10
                 or
                 12
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 always
                 appear
                 vigorous
                 and
                 lively
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 have
                 recovered
                 its
                 usual
                 height
                 of
                 12
                 Feet
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Reason
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 continually
                 labouring
                 to
                 exert
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Sphere
                 of
                 its
                 Activity
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 danger
                 of
                 its
                 falling
                 to
                 Decay
                 ,
                 or
                 dying
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 its
                 Branches
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 must
                 therefore
                 be
                 the
                 
                 Gardiner's
                 business
                 to
                 render
                 himself
                 expert
                 in
                 his
                 Profession
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 diligent
                 Observation
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Ordering
                 of
                 his
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Manuring
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 indeed
                 ,
                 the
                 difference
                 that
                 is
                 between
                 a
                 Fertile
                 and
                 Barren
                 Soil
                 ,
                 will
                 assist
                 him
                 very
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 a
                 true
                 Estimate
                 of
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Vigour
                 of
                 the
                 Sap.
                 For
                 in
                 a
                 Soil
                 that
                 is
                 really
                 good
                 ,
                 a
                 Tree
                 will
                 grow
                 30
                 or
                 35
                 Feet
                 high
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Circumference
                 proportionable
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Soil
                 be
                 lank
                 or
                 barren
                 ,
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 though
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Species
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 well
                 Condition'd
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 ,
                 exceed
                 10
                 or
                 12
                 Feet
                 .
                 The
                 former
                 kind
                 of
                 Soil
                 will
                 prove
                 fruitful
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 without
                 any
                 Cultivation
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 latter
                 will
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 if
                 its
                 Sterility
                 be
                 not
                 supplied
                 by
                 the
                 utmost
                 Care
                 and
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Gardiner
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   the
                   Branches
                   shooting
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Tree
                   .
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 thus
                 given
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 how
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 after
                 its
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 does
                 afterwards
                 rise
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 communicate
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 Explain
                 in
                 what
                 manner
                 the
                 new
                 Branches
                 grow
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 precedent
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 their
                 Shooting
                 out
                 is
                 generally
                 so
                 ordered
                 by
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 higher
                 Branches
                 have
                 most
                 commonly
                 some
                 Advantage
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 length
                 and
                 thickness
                 over
                 the
                 lower
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 I
                 shall
                 resume
                 my
                 former
                 Comparison
                 of
                 a
                 Brook
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 its
                 Course
                 retarded
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 by
                 a
                 Digue
                 or
                 Dam
                 ,
                 is
                 hindred
                 from
                 continuing
                 its
                 Progress
                 to
                 it
                 s
                 designed
                 Journey
                 's
                 end
                 .
                 This
                 Water
                 then
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 will
                 suppose
                 amass'd
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 considerable
                 quantity
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 larger
                 Ponds
                 ,
                 coming
                 afterwards
                 to
                 find
                 divers
                 Vents
                 of
                 equal
                 Capacity
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Dam
                 which
                 principally
                 sustained
                 its
                 Pressure
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Walls
                 built
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 confining
                 it
                 within
                 such
                 a
                 compass
                 :
                 This
                 Water
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 having
                 either
                 found
                 or
                 made
                 these
                 Breaches
                 ,
                 will
                 issue
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 through
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 will
                 run
                 out
                 in
                 a
                 much
                 greater
                 Stream
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 stronger
                 Current
                 ,
                 at
                 
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 the
                 Dam
                 it self
                 ,
                 than
                 at
                 the
                 Crannies
                 of
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 faster
                 in
                 proportion
                 ,
                 through
                 those
                 breaches
                 which
                 have
                 an
                 aperture
                 nearest
                 resembling
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Dam
                 ,
                 than
                 through
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 more
                 unlike
                 .
                 This
                 so
                 remarkable
                 a
                 difference
                 is
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Pressure
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 hastning
                 continually
                 towards
                 its
                 Centre
                 ,
                 which
                 pressure
                 still
                 encreases
                 the
                 nearer
                 it
                 approaches
                 to
                 that
                 Centre
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 obvious
                 to
                 the
                 meanest
                 Understanding
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sap
                 produces
                 almost
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 in
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 Trees
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 found
                 in
                 them
                 several
                 Apertures
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 bigness
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 its
                 way
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 through
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 principally
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 greater
                 abundance
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 last
                 Eye
                 ,
                 (
                 That
                 I
                 mean
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 )
                 and
                 where
                 the
                 Sap
                 makes
                 its
                 strongest
                 Effort
                 ,
                 than
                 it
                 does
                 through
                 the
                 others
                 which
                 are
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 such
                 an
                 exuberance
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 which
                 ascended
                 first
                 are
                 press'd
                 forwards
                 by
                 the
                 succeeding
                 ones
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 then
                 discharge
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 lower
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 more
                 plentifully
                 into
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 nearest
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 than
                 into
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 greater
                 distance
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 it
                 falls
                 out
                 sometimes
                 that
                 a
                 Stream
                 enclosed
                 by
                 a
                 Dam
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Walls
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 striving
                 to
                 force
                 its
                 way
                 out
                 ,
                 happens
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 greater
                 Eruption
                 through
                 one
                 of
                 its
                 sides
                 than
                 through
                 the
                 Dam
                 it self
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 gushes
                 out
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 ,
                 where
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 one
                 should
                 have
                 expected
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 lesser
                 quantity
                 .
                 Just
                 so
                 we
                 frequently
                 Experience
                 it
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 New
                 Sprouts
                 which
                 shoot
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 a
                 Pruned
                 Branch
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 bigger
                 do
                 oftentimes
                 prove
                 much
                 less
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 grew
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 give
                 the
                 best
                 Reason
                 I
                 can
                 of
                 this
                 Effect
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Natural
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ;
                 I
                 conceive
                 that
                 this
                 Alteration
                 may
                 proceed
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 viz.
                 The
                 Sap
                 endeavouring
                 by
                 its
                 Natural
                 Activity
                 to
                 make
                 its
                 Principal
                 Passage
                 through
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Pruned
                 Branch
                 ,
                 is
                 diverted
                 by
                 some
                 Internal
                 Cause
                 which
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 cannot
                 always
                 discover
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 prevented
                 by
                 this
                 Obstacle
                 from
                 rising
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Stream
                 to
                 that
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 only
                 can
                 get
                 through
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 more
                 Spirituous
                 and
                 Active
                 Particles
                 of
                 that
                 Stream
                 having
                 insinuated
                 themselves
                 into
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Eyes
                 which
                 were
                 next
                 below
                 the
                 uppermost
                 ,
                 begin
                 there
                 to
                 exert
                 their
                 utmost
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 and
                 communicate
                 their
                 Virtue
                 to
                 the
                 remoter
                 Eyes
                 in
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 quantity
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 distant
                 from
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 which
                 serv'd
                 as
                 a
                 Canal
                 to
                 Convey
                 that
                 Torrent
                 of
                 Sap
                 to
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 little
                 Portion
                 of
                 Sap
                 which
                 passed
                 to
                 the
                 uppermost
                 Eye
                 or
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 having
                 there
                 produced
                 Branches
                 of
                 but
                 an
                 indifferent
                 bigness
                 ,
                 communicates
                 to
                 them
                 what
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 do
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 ;
                 namely
                 a
                 great
                 Disposition
                 to
                 a
                 quick
                 Production
                 of
                 Fruit
                 Buds
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 I
                 take
                 a
                 particular
                 Care
                 in
                 the
                 Pruning
                 my
                 Trees
                 ,
                 of
                 this
                 Branch
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 value
                 and
                 importance
                 to
                 be
                 Preserved
                 for
                 the
                 raising
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 difficulty
                 which
                 neither
                 my
                 long
                 Study
                 ,
                 nor
                 diligent
                 Observation
                 have
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 Solve
                 ,
                 how
                 this
                 Sap
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 its
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 Quantity
                 should
                 produce
                 such
                 different
                 Effects
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 does
                 so
                 is
                 very
                 evident
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 I
                 laid
                 down
                 this
                 Paradox
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 a
                 Symptom
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 weakness
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 manner
                 how
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 this
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 yet
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 comprehend
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 do
                 I
                 find
                 it
                 less
                 Difficult
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 how
                 Soil
                 comes
                 to
                 decay
                 and
                 grow
                 Barren
                 ,
                 by
                 bearing
                 those
                 Plants
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 of
                 its
                 Native
                 Growth
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Pulse
                 ,
                 &c.
                 but
                 will
                 not
                 become
                 lank
                 or
                 exhausted
                 by
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Production
                 of
                 Thistles
                 ,
                 Nettles
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Weeds
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 all
                 these
                 Observations
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 I
                 may
                 safely
                 aver
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 Infinite
                 variety
                 of
                 Speculations
                 that
                 serve
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 our
                 Intellectual
                 Faculties
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 perhaps
                 any
                 Subject
                 more
                 Nice
                 and
                 Intricate
                 to
                 adjust
                 rightly
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 ,
                 I
                 confess
                 ,
                 a
                 Field
                 of
                 very
                 large
                 Extent
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 where
                 every
                 one
                 has
                 free
                 liberty
                 to
                 enter
                 and
                 make
                 what
                 researches
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 though
                 very
                 few
                 have
                 had
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 attempt
                 .
                 So
                 many
                 are
                 the
                 particular
                 differences
                 that
                 perplex
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 easie
                 or
                 so
                 common
                 as
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 great
                 mistakes
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 pretend
                 from
                 our
                 Observations
                 upon
                 one
                 Plant
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Inferences
                 concerning
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 proceed
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 several
                 Conclusions
                 and
                 General
                 Maxims
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   different
                   Effects
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   in
                   the
                   Outward
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Plants
                   .
                
              
               
                 THough
                 it
                 be
                 very
                 probable
                 that
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 all
                 Plants
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 transacted
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 is
                 performed
                 by
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 formerly
                 explain'd
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Ch.
                 of
                 Plants
                 .
                 Yet
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 outward
                 Appearance
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 unfitly
                 be
                 compared
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 little
                 Republicks
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 differing
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 nothing
                 in
                 their
                 manner
                 of
                 Acting
                 common
                 with
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Polity
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 being
                 pretty
                 often
                 quite
                 contrary
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 that
                 Birds
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 all
                 agree
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Multiplying
                 their
                 Species
                 ,
                 viz.
                 by
                 Eggs
                 ,
                 do
                 notwithstanding
                 differ
                 in
                 their
                 bigness
                 and
                 colour
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Note
                 ,
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 Acting
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Nature
                 has
                 Impress'd
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 diversity
                 in
                 all
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 design'd
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 make
                 us
                 admire
                 that
                 Inexhausted
                 Stock
                 of
                 Variety
                 in
                 her
                 Productions
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 confound
                 and
                 dazle
                 the
                 Understanding
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 presumes
                 to
                 Dive
                 into
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 her
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 and
                 pretends
                 to
                 give
                 Reasons
                 for
                 the
                 abstrusest
                 of
                 her
                 Operations
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 all
                 Ages
                 some
                 very
                 Ingenious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 become
                 knowing
                 in
                 this
                 Faculty
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 at
                 this
                 present
                 time
                 we
                 see
                 many
                 that
                 Study
                 it
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Application
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 we
                 happen
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 an
                 inconsiderable
                 Discovery
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 some
                 one
                 Vegetable
                 ,
                 beyond
                 the
                 Medicinal
                 Properties
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 presently
                 too
                 apt
                 to
                 flatter
                 our selves
                 with
                 a
                 belief
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 attain'd
                 to
                 a
                 perfect
                 Understanding
                 of
                 it
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 Manner
                 ,
                 of
                 its
                 Being
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 make
                 no
                 scruple
                 to
                 infer
                 Conclusions
                 concerning
                 others
                 also
                 ;
                 whereas
                 if
                 we
                 look
                 into
                 the
                 Matter
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 further
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 immediately
                 occur
                 to
                 us
                 so
                 many
                 Plants
                 of
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 more
                 than
                 enough
                 to
                 confound
                 our
                 Judgments
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy
                 our
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 fatal
                 blow
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 what
                 we
                 pretend
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 as
                 Universal
                 Maxims
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 instance
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 process
                 of
                 Maturation
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 part
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 grows
                 Ripe
                 soonest
                 in
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Grapes
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 As
                 likewise
                 if
                 we
                 do
                 but
                 observe
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 Production
                 in
                 the
                 Flowers
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Tubereuse
                   ,
                   Lilly
                   ,
                   Hyacinth
                   ,
                   Larksfeet
                   ,
                
                 viz.
                 which
                 of
                 their
                 Buds
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 first
                 blown
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 certainly
                 ●ind
                 that
                 both
                 in
                 those
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 is
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 consequently
                 doth
                 first
                 receive
                 its
                 Being
                 and
                 Formation
                 ,
                 doth
                 also
                 get
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Priority
                 in
                 Ripening
                 and
                 Blowing
                 .
                 Which
                 Ripeness
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 with
                 relation
                 to
                 Mans
                 Use
                 ,
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 of
                 its
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 duration
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 or
                 Flower
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 nearest
                 step
                 to
                 its
                 Destruction
                 .
                 This
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 enough
                 to
                 encline
                 one
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 General
                 Rule
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 all
                 Plants
                 ,
                 the
                 nearer
                 any
                 Part
                 is
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 receives
                 its
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 sooner
                 doth
                 that
                 Part
                 arrive
                 to
                 its
                 Maturity
                 and
                 Perfection
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 how
                 ill
                 grounded
                 this
                 Assertion
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 Demonstrated
                 by
                 what
                 we
                 continually
                 see
                 in
                 
                   Figs
                   ,
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Abricots
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 namely
                 that
                 the
                 best
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 Ripens
                 soonest
                 ,
                 is
                 furthest
                 from
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 greatest
                 distance
                 both
                 from
                 the
                 Bole
                 and
                 Roots
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Orange-Trees
                   ,
                   Jessimines
                   ,
                   Pinks
                   ,
                   Musk
                   Roses
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 the
                 Buds
                 that
                 Flower
                 first
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 Growing
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 ;
                 and
                 indeed
                 ,
                 there
                 needs
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 putting
                 our
                 Naturalist
                 to
                 an
                 Absolute
                 
                   Non
                   plus
                
                 ,
                 than
                 only
                 to
                 bid
                 him
                 consider
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Rasberry
                 and
                 
                   Rose-Laurel
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 neither
                 of
                 which
                 keep
                 any
                 constant
                 order
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Ripening
                 of
                 their
                 Fruit
                 or
                 Blowing
                 of
                 their
                 Bud
                 ;
                 for
                 sometimes
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 furthest
                 off
                 Ripens
                 or
                 Blows
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 nearest
                 .
                 This
                 unequal
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 disorderly
                 way
                 of
                 acting
                 ,
                 cannot
                 without
                 extream
                 difficulty
                 be
                 fix'd
                 or
                 stated
                 by
                 any
                 General
                 Maxims
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 then
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 laying
                 down
                 one
                 General
                 Aphorism
                 concerning
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 Ripening
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 Blowing
                 of
                 Flower
                 Buds
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 deliver
                 as
                 many
                 different
                 Maxims
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 different
                 Specie
                 ;
                 of
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Flowers
                 upon
                 the
                 whole
                 Face
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 .
              
               
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 we
                 Examine
                 what
                 Branch
                 it
                 is
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 most
                 Fruit.
                 Grows
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Apples
                   ,
                   Peaches
                   ,
                   Plums
                   ,
                   Abricots
                   ,
                   Cherries
                   ,
                   Goosberries
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 upon
                 the
                 Boughs
                 of
                 at
                 least
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 years
                 former
                 Growth
                 ,
                 for
                 here
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 Fruit-Buds
                 did
                 upon
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 preceding
                 Summer
                 receive
                 their
                 first
                 Formation
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 having
                 gain'd
                 this
                 Point
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 tempted
                 to
                 infer
                 from
                 thence
                 that
                 all
                 Blossoms
                 have
                 their
                 Being
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 before
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 but
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 the
                 Wallnut-Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Chesnut
                 ,
                 the
                 Quince-Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 Rasberry-Bush
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 we
                 shall
                 see
                 that
                 in
                 these
                 Nature
                 has
                 Acted
                 in
                 a
                 quite
                 different
                 manner
                 than
                 she
                 usually
                 doth
                 in
                 other
                 Trees
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 those
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 the
                 Blossoms
                 precede
                 the
                 Fruit
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 days
                 ,
                 since
                 both
                 the
                 Blossoms
                 and
                 the
                 Fruit
                 Grow
                 only
                 upon
                 such
                 Branches
                 as
                 were
                 put
                 forth
                 themselves
                 but
                 that
                 very
                 Spring
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 almost
                 Contemporaries
                 in
                 their
                 Birth
                 with
                 the
                 Bough
                 it self
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 .
                 However
                 there
                 is
                 this
                 difference
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 some
                 Fruits
                 are
                 form'd
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Bough
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Wallnuts
                   ,
                   Chesnuts
                   ,
                   Quinces
                
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 do
                 entirely
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Branches
                 Growing
                 any
                 further
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 Wallnut
                 and
                 Chesnut-Trees
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 sometimes
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Nuts
                 have
                 received
                 their
                 formation
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Bough
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 yet
                 rise
                 Sap
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 grow
                 considerably
                 longer
                 .
                 Other
                 Fruits
                 there
                 are
                 which
                 are
                 produced
                 on
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 never
                 hinder
                 the
                 Extension
                 or
                 Lengthning
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Grape
                 ,
                 the
                 Mulberry
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Thus
                 we
                 see
                 what
                 a
                 mighty
                 difference
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 several
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 look
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 upon
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 which
                 is
                 first
                 stripp'd
                 of
                 its
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 presently
                 appear
                 that
                 in
                 most
                 Trees
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Top
                 that
                 first
                 shews
                 it self
                 bare
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Roots
                 not
                 being
                 then
                 so
                 vigorous
                 in
                 their
                 Action
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 supply
                 their
                 Necessities
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 thereupon
                 became
                 incapable
                 of
                 rising
                 to
                 its
                 usual
                 heighth
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 in
                 
                   Pease
                   ,
                   Beans
                   ,
                   Artichokes
                   ,
                   Cabbage
                   ,
                
                 and
                 most
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pulse
                 or
                 Legumes
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 Almond
                 and
                 Peach-Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 vigorous
                 and
                 thriving
                 ;
                 we
                 find
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 is
                 first
                 dried
                 and
                 decayed
                 ,
                 whilst
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Top
                 continues
                 its
                 Verdure
                 ,
                 and
                 Shooting
                 forth
                 .
                 Can
                 any
                 thing
                 be
                 more
                 irreconcileable
                 than
                 these
                 two
                 effects
                 of
                 Sap
                 so
                 contrary
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ?
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 Trees
                 whether
                 of
                 Stone
                 or
                 Kernel
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 Ocular
                 Experience
                 tells
                 us
                 that
                 the
                 Fruit
                 grows
                 always
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 where
                 its
                 Blossom
                 grew
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Blossom
                 in
                 its
                 Exit
                 or
                 falling
                 off
                 seem'd
                 only
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 for
                 whose
                 sake
                 it
                 was
                 blown
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 in
                 
                   Wallnut-Trees
                   ,
                   Chesnuts
                
                 and
                 Has●enuts
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 
                   Turky
                   Wheat
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 we
                 find
                 no
                 Fruit
                 where
                 the
                 Blossoms
                 were
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 rather
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 those
                 Trees
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 produced
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 where
                 not
                 one
                 Blossom
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 
                   Turky
                   Wheat
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Blossom
                 is
                 form'd
                 at
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seed
                 grows
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 middle
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 order
                 or
                 process
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 beginning
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Fruit-buds
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 already
                 concerning
                 Kernel-Trees
                 ,
                 every
                 Bud
                 contains
                 in
                 it
                 several
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 several
                 Fruits
                 also
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 
                   Stone
                   Fruit-Trees
                
                 every
                 Bud
                 contains
                 but
                 one
                 Blossom
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 but
                 one
                 single
                 Fruit.
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 Sting
                 or
                 Active
                 Particle
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 within
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 days
                 after
                 Blowing
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 form'd
                 if
                 the
                 Weather
                 prove
                 favourable
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Rigor
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 do
                 not
                 destroy
                 these
                 precious
                 Embryo's
                 or
                 Beginnings
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 ordinarily
                 every
                 Species
                 of
                 Fruit
                 is
                 Usher'd
                 in
                 by
                 its
                 Blossom
                 .
                 But
                 here
                 we
                 must
                 except
                 the
                 Fig
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 produced
                 entirely
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Blossom
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Cucumbers
                   ,
                   Gourds
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 Fruit
                 it self
                 appears
                 before
                 the
                 Blossom
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 till
                 some
                 days
                 after
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 the
                 Melon
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Blossom
                 which
                 grows
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 it
                 receives
                 its
                 compleat
                 Formation
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 proceeds
                 to
                 Blowing
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 thriving
                 of
                 this
                 Blossom
                 that
                 the
                 Perfection
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 depends
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 that
                 prove
                 unable
                 to
                 resist
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 its
                 other
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruit
                 will
                 dye
                 almost
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 Born.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 further
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 there
                 remaineth
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Blossom
                 with
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 wont
                 to
                 appear
                 before
                 the
                 Blossom
                 is
                 entirely
                 gone
                 ,
                 yet
                 notwithstanding
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Pomegranate
                 there
                 is
                 left
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Blossom
                 which
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 Construction
                 or
                 Composition
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 unless
                 you
                 will
                 say
                 rather
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 grows
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 Blossom
                 
                 and
                 is
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 use
                 the
                 Comparison
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Cradle
                 or
                 Shell
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 cover
                 both
                 to
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 congealed
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Grains
                 or
                 Kernels
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 very
                 Essence
                 and
                 Substance
                 of
                 this
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 an
                 Acorn
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 that
                 appears
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Shell
                 or
                 Husk
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Figure
                 between
                 round
                 and
                 flat
                 ,
                 that
                 shews
                 it self
                 about
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 say
                 serves
                 in
                 stead
                 of
                 a
                 Blossom
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 since
                 indeed
                 it
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 :
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 this
                 Husk
                 the
                 Acorn
                 it self
                 grows
                 ,
                 which
                 Tradition
                 tells
                 us
                 was
                 the
                 principal
                 Food
                 of
                 Mankind
                 in
                 the
                 Primitive
                 Ages
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 as
                 every
                 Tree
                 is
                 composed
                 of
                 several
                 Branches
                 ,
                 some
                 strong
                 and
                 others
                 weak
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 examine
                 the
                 place
                 whereon
                 ordinarily
                 the
                 Fruit
                 grows
                 ,
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 industriously
                 chosen
                 to
                 fructifie
                 upon
                 the
                 weaker
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 stronger
                 Branches
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 in
                 Vines
                 and
                 Fig-Trees
                 it
                 is
                 just
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 generally
                 seen
                 that
                 Grapes
                 and
                 Figs
                 very
                 rarely
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 upon
                 those
                 that
                 be
                 thicker
                 ,
                 stronger
                 and
                 more
                 vigorous
                 .
                 How
                 then
                 is
                 it
                 possible
                 to
                 reduce
                 to
                 one
                 Maxim
                 this
                 inconsistency
                 of
                 Nature
                 in
                 chusing
                 such
                 different
                 Situations
                 for
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ?
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 consider
                 after
                 what
                 manner
                 Trees
                 are
                 extended
                 in
                 length
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Trunk
                 and
                 Branches
                 ,
                 we
                 find
                 this
                 remarkable
                 Circumstance
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Summer
                 whilst
                 the
                 Sap
                 acts
                 most
                 briskly
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Top
                 or
                 Extremity
                 of
                 a
                 Bough
                 this
                 moment
                 ,
                 ceases
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 the
                 next
                 ;
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 ascending
                 continually
                 without
                 intermission
                 ,
                 still
                 puts
                 out
                 new
                 Leaves
                 above
                 the
                 precedent
                 extremity
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 new
                 shoot
                 receives
                 the
                 same
                 Treatment
                 from
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Sap
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 gave
                 to
                 that
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 which
                 immediately
                 preceded
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 in
                 Artichokes
                 ,
                 Asparagus
                 ,
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 Leafs
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 in
                 Tulips
                 Pinks
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 what
                 was
                 once
                 the
                 extreme
                 part
                 ,
                 always
                 continues
                 so
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Augmentation
                 or
                 Growth
                 is
                 only
                 inward
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 form'd
                 outwardly
                 ,
                 as
                 Experience
                 shews
                 us
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 Trees
                 .
                 The
                 Asparagus
                 ,
                 Artichoke
                 ,
                 Tulip
                 and
                 most
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 appear
                 plainly
                 to
                 grow
                 entirely
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 in
                 small
                 Threads
                 or
                 Filaments
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 very
                 substance
                 or
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 encrease
                 in
                 thickness
                 in
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 or
                 supply
                 of
                 the
                 Adventitious
                 Nourishment
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 by
                 what
                 small
                 and
                 almost
                 imperceptible
                 degrees
                 they
                 rise
                 up
                 from
                 their
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 push'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 new
                 Sap
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 resemblance
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 its
                 growth
                 with
                 a
                 Syringe
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sucker
                 is
                 thrust
                 through
                 the
                 exteriour
                 Tube
                 till
                 it
                 come
                 out
                 through
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 If
                 we
                 consider
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 causes
                 the
                 whiteness
                 and
                 delicacy
                 of
                 tyed
                 Lettuce
                 ,
                 Celeri
                 ,
                 the
                 Spanish
                 or
                 White
                 Thistle
                 ,
                 the
                 Leek
                 ,
                 &c.
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 either
                 from
                 their
                 having
                 been
                 cover'd
                 with
                 dry
                 Dung
                 ,
                 dry
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 Earth
                 or
                 Mould
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 are
                 hindred
                 from
                 receiving
                 the
                 usual
                 freshness
                 and
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 open
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 Hence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 thus
                 covered
                 being
                 no
                 longer
                 penetrated
                 by
                 the
                 Sun-beams
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 lose
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 beautiful
                 Green
                 colour
                 ,
                 whatever
                 they
                 had
                 of
                 toughness
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a
                 bitter
                 unpleasant
                 taste
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 acquire
                 a
                 certain
                 whiteness
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 with
                 that
                 agreeable
                 and
                 delicate
                 Relish
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 esteem'd
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Asparagus
                 the
                 case
                 is
                 quite
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 that
                 we
                 find
                 those
                 parts
                 the
                 toughest
                 and
                 most
                 ungrateful
                 to
                 the
                 Palate
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 Suns
                 immediate
                 presence
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Mould
                 or
                 Dung
                 that
                 covered
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 become
                 perfectly
                 white
                 :
                 Whereas
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 sweetest
                 parts
                 are
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 Green
                 and
                 Reddish
                 .
                 This
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 is
                 an
                 inexplicable
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 being
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 should
                 make
                 some
                 Plants
                 tender
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 tough
                 and
                 hard
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 .
              
               
                 Dazies
                 and
                 Gilliflowers
                 are
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 white
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 by
                 degrees
                 changes
                 them
                 from
                 White
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Red
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 Pinks
                 and
                 Tulips
                 ,
                 that
                 Vivid
                 Red
                 which
                 adorns
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 blowing
                 ,
                 forsakes
                 them
                 after
                 the
                 Sun
                 has
                 shin'd
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pears
                 are
                 coloured
                 in
                 the
                 Blossom
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 become
                 Green
                 ,
                 Grey
                 ,
                 White
                 or
                 Yellow
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 towards
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 near
                 ripening
                 ,
                 resume
                 a
                 more
                 lively
                 Red
                 than
                 ever
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Apricocks
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 advance
                 nearer
                 to
                 Maturity
                 ,
                 change
                 from
                 Green
                 to
                 White
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 turn
                 to
                 an
                 admirable
                 Vermillion
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Suns
                 Influence
                 makes
                 early
                 Peaches
                 white
                 ,
                 Mulberries
                 black
                 ,
                 Cherries
                 ,
                 Straw-berries
                 ,
                 Rasberries
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 an
                 Orient
                 redness
                 ,
                 most
                 kinds
                 of
                 Peaches
                 of
                 a
                 Purple
                 colour
                 :
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 it
                 gives
                 an
                 incredible
                 variety
                 of
                 Tinctures
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 Plums
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 .
                 You
                 see
                 here
                 how
                 many
                 Instances
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 of
                 very
                 material
                 Differences
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 for
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 Plants
                 and
                 Trees
                 ,
                 we
                 commonly
                 find
                 but
                 one
                 upon
                 a
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 grow
                 upon
                 the
                 Boughs
                 Chequerwise
                 ,
                 in
                 little
                 Stories
                 or
                 Steps
                 at
                 a
                 small
                 distance
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 nevertheless
                 in
                 some
                 Trees
                 we
                 find
                 growing
                 upon
                 one
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 three
                 ,
                 five
                 ,
                 or
                 seven
                 Leaves
                 :
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Elder
                 ,
                 Walnut
                 ,
                 and
                 Rose-Lawrel-Tree
                 ;
                 upon
                 others
                 seven
                 ,
                 nine
                 ,
                 or
                 eleven
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Ash-Tree
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 upon
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 seventeen
                 ,
                 nineteen
                 ,
                 and
                 twenty
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Acacia
                 ;
                 but
                 always
                 with
                 an
                 odd
                 Number
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 so
                 many
                 Leaves
                 are
                 found
                 upon
                 one
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 grow
                 in
                 Stories
                 or
                 Chequer'd
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 just
                 now
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 diametrically
                 opposite
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Mulberry-Trees
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 in
                 May
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Eye
                 or
                 Bud
                 that
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 precedent
                 Year
                 ,
                 there
                 grow
                 ordinarily
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Mulberries
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 there
                 appears
                 a
                 new
                 Shoot
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 either
                 longer
                 or
                 shorter
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 that
                 was
                 convey'd
                 to
                 the
                 Bud
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 sprung
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Fig-Trees
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Navel
                 or
                 midst
                 of
                 every
                 Leaf
                 coming
                 between
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 June
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Summers
                 Solstice
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Exuberance
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 )
                 there
                 constantly
                 grows
                 a
                 Fig
                 at
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 we
                 call
                 second
                 Figs
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 our
                 Climate
                 does
                 not
                 exceed
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 ,
                 or
                 seven
                 at
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 upon
                 every
                 good
                 Branch
                 only
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 say
                 upon
                 every
                 good
                 Branch
                 only
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 Branches
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 being
                 so
                 :
                 For
                 instance
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 great
                 Suckers
                 that
                 rise
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 that
                 sprout
                 from
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 pruned
                 Stock
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 even
                 those
                 great
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 or
                 false
                 Shoots
                 rather
                 ,
                 that
                 grow
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trunk
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 come
                 under
                 that
                 Denomination
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 indeed
                 none
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 good
                 Branches
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 shooting
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 due
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 following
                 the
                 Natural
                 Order
                 of
                 Production
                 in
                 all
                 Branches
                 ;
                 concerning
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 discoursed
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Figs
                 which
                 are
                 usually
                 called
                 Figs
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Sap
                 ,
                 begin
                 to
                 appear
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 April
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 to
                 an
                 indifferent
                 bigness
                 before
                 the
                 putting
                 forth
                 yet
                 of
                 any
                 Leaves
                 :
                 The
                 Seat
                 where
                 they
                 grow
                 is
                 that
                 very
                 point
                 or
                 place
                 where
                 those
                 Leaves
                 were
                 put
                 forth
                 the
                 Summer
                 before
                 that
                 had
                 not
                 produc'd
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 above-mention'd
                 second
                 Figs
                 ,
                 which
                 use
                 to
                 be
                 ripe
                 at
                 Autumn
                 .
                 These
                 Figs
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Sap
                 seldom
                 fail
                 of
                 being
                 ripe
                 at
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 August
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 cold
                 do
                 not
                 happen
                 to
                 pinch
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 them
                 fall
                 :
                 Or
                 if
                 during
                 the
                 Summer
                 they
                 escape
                 being
                 spoiled
                 by
                 violent
                 Rains
                 or
                 excess
                 of
                 Heat
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Figs
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 Sap
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 hope
                 of
                 their
                 coming
                 to
                 perfection
                 ,
                 except
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 being
                 put
                 forth
                 by
                 Mid
                 -
                 June
                 ,
                 were
                 come
                 almost
                 to
                 their
                 full
                 bigness
                 before
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 July
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 then
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 hot
                 and
                 dry
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 proves
                 a
                 favourable
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 from
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 and
                 cold
                 Rains
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Years
                 1670
                 ,
                 and
                 1676.
                 
              
               
                 Neither
                 are
                 Figs
                 the
                 only
                 Fruits
                 that
                 are
                 formed
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Navel
                 or
                 Middle
                 of
                 their
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 what
                 is
                 common
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 particularly
                 to
                 the
                 Acorn
                 and
                 Jasmin
                 .
                 Grapes
                 indeed
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 fashion
                 ,
                 viz.
                 upon
                 the
                 Reverse
                 or
                 Back-side
                 of
                 the
                 Leaf
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 strange
                 and
                 singular
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 most
                 Vines
                 they
                 grow
                 commonly
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 fourth
                 ,
                 or
                 fifth
                 Knot
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 at
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ;
                 whereas
                 all
                 other
                 Fruits
                 are
                 born
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 length
                 of
                 that
                 Branch
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 the
                 Fruit-Branch
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 greater
                 plenty
                 toward
                 the
                 Top
                 than
                 Bottom
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Quinces
                 bear
                 almost
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 with
                 Rasberries
                 ,
                 Azeroliers
                 ,
                 and
                 Pome-granates
                 ,
                 viz.
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 Branches
                 sprouting
                 from
                 the
                 Great
                 Ones
                 in
                 March
                 and
                 April
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 Pear-Tree
                 be
                 graffed
                 upon
                 a
                 Quince
                 ,
                 it
                 beareth
                 only
                 upon
                 those
                 Branches
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 Year
                 or
                 two's
                 growth
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 Plants
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 often
                 said
                 ,
                 commonly
                 rises
                 up
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 and
                 perhaps
                 some
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 ascend
                 through
                 the
                 Wood
                 it self
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 speak
                 properly
                 has
                 no
                 Bark
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 evidently
                 rises
                 through
                 the
                 Substance
                 or
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 increasing
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 in
                 bigness
                 ,
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 its
                 Nourishment
                 or
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 convey'd
                 from
                 the
                 Branch
                 by
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 as
                 through
                 a
                 Pipe
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Fruit
                 between
                 the
                 Skin
                 or
                 Paring
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pulp
                 ,
                 is
                 there
                 reduced
                 to
                 a
                 thicker
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 solid
                 Consistence
                 conformably
                 to
                 its
                 respective
                 Nature
                 .
                 And
                 probably
                 both
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 Stalk
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 receive
                 their
                 Increase
                 in
                 Bulk
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 Nature
                 has
                 observed
                 this
                 Order
                 in
                 her
                 Productions
                 ,
                 that
                 generally
                 the
                 fairest
                 Fruit
                 grows
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Bough
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 weakest
                 Boughs
                 are
                 most
                 fruitful
                 in
                 bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 bear
                 but
                 once
                 a
                 year
                 .
                 In
                 Fig-Trees
                 she
                 doth
                 not
                 keep
                 to
                 this
                 Rule
                 :
                 For
                 First
                 ,
                 The
                 Fig-Tree
                 bears
                 Fruit
                 twice
                 a
                 year
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 bears
                 only
                 upon
                 the
                 bigger
                 Branches
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 (
                 in
                 Autumn
                 particularly
                 )
                 those
                 Fig-Trees
                 bears
                 only
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 old
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigor
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 The
                 earliest
                 and
                 largest
                 Figs
                 grow
                 farthest
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 ,
                 the
                 others
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 their
                 greater
                 or
                 lesser
                 Distance
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 advance
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 in
                 their
                 Forwardness
                 and
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 they
                 follow
                 the
                 same
                 Order
                 of
                 Succession
                 in
                 their
                 Ripening
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 growing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Indian
                 Fig-Tree's
                 bearing
                 its
                 Fruit
                 without
                 the
                 Support
                 of
                 any
                 Trunk
                 or
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 its
                 Leaves
                 only
                 to
                 multiply
                 and
                 grow
                 upon
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 as
                 surprising
                 a
                 Phaenomenon
                 as
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 Objects
                 which
                 daily
                 attract
                 our
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 Ordinarily
                 most
                 of
                 our
                 Plants
                 are
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Blossom
                 before
                 they
                 run
                 up
                 to
                 Seed
                 .
                 But
                 Purslain
                 runs
                 to
                 Seed
                 almost
                 without
                 any
                 Blossom
                 at
                 all
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Stem
                 is
                 grown
                 to
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 in
                 several
                 Stalks
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 separated
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 produces
                 a
                 Seed
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 is
                 white
                 and
                 tender
                 .
                 This
                 Seed
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 contained
                 in
                 little
                 Pods
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 ripens
                 ,
                 becomes
                 black
                 and
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Pods
                 opening
                 themselves
                 ,
                 discover
                 the
                 little
                 Treasure
                 included
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 they
                 had
                 so
                 carefully
                 conceal'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Difference
                 of
                 Colours
                 in
                 Fruit
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 remarkable
                 .
                 
                   Pears
                   ,
                   Abricots
                   ,
                   Cherries
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Orange-Trees
                 have
                 a
                 White
                 Blossom
                 :
                 Apple-Trees
                 a
                 Red
                 ,
                 Pomegranates
                 an
                 Orange-colour
                 ,
                 and
                 Peach-Trees
                 a
                 light
                 Purple
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 these
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 double
                 ,
                 some
                 single
                 ;
                 some
                 great
                 ,
                 some
                 middle-siz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 very
                 small
                 .
                 That
                 indented
                 ,
                 or
                 jagged
                 Figure
                 wherewith
                 Nature
                 has
                 wantonly
                 adorned
                 most
                 sorts
                 of
                 Vigetables
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 by
                 its
                 different
                 Cut
                 or
                 Edging
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 Species
                 ,
                 gave
                 Mankind
                 the
                 first
                 Hint
                 that
                 hath
                 since
                 furnish'd
                 him
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Varieties
                 :
                 This
                 Artificial
                 ,
                 and
                 Curious
                 Edging
                 ,
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 deserve
                 some
                 Place
                 in
                 our
                 Philosophical
                 Meditations
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 attending
                 the
                 Bulbs
                 of
                 Tulips
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 but
                 acknowledge
                 that
                 Philosophy
                 has
                 not
                 yet
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 a
                 satisfactory
                 Account
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Ground
                 in
                 October
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 take
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 March
                 following
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 puts
                 out
                 a
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Budding
                 ,
                 and
                 Blossoming
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 .
                 Hitherto
                 you
                 will
                 say
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 is
                 always
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Imperial
                   Crown
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Hyacinth
                   ,
                   Tuberose
                   ,
                   Jonquil
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 but
                 here
                 then
                 lyes
                 the
                 Wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Tulip-Stalh
                 ,
                 which
                 grew
                 manifestly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 very
                 Middle
                 ,
                 or
                 Center
                 of
                 the
                 Bulb
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Stalk
                 usually
                 grows
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Middle
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Bulbs
                 ,
                 is
                 at
                 length
                 remov'd
                 from
                 its
                 first
                 Seat
                 ,
                 viz.
                 the
                 Center
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Outside
                 ,
                 or
                 Superficies
                 of
                 its
                 Bulb
                 ;
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Case
                 which
                 happens
                 not
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Plant.
                 Now
                 who
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 can
                 solve
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 how
                 this
                 Transposition
                 is
                 brought
                 to
                 pass
                 ?
                 Does
                 the
                 Bulb
                 force
                 it
                 back
                 again
                 ?
                 Or
                 does
                 it
                 by
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 
                   Leger
                   de
                   main
                
                 in
                 its
                 Ascent
                 ,
                 penetrate
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Bulb
                 ?
                 This
                 indeed
                 is
                 a
                 Mystery
                 in
                 Vigetation
                 that
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 look'd
                 upon
                 with
                 sufficient
                 Astonishment
                 and
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 endless
                 Labour
                 ,
                 should
                 I
                 particularize
                 all
                 my
                 Observations
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 in
                 Vegetables
                 :
                 But
                 these
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 demonstrate
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 Plant
                 has
                 a
                 peculiar
                 ,
                 determinate
                 ,
                 certain
                 ,
                 and
                 infallible
                 Stint
                 or
                 Term
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Beginning
                 and
                 Duration
                 of
                 its
                 Action
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Manner
                 of
                 its
                 Appearance
                 above
                 Ground
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Quality
                 of
                 its
                 Soil
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Taste
                 ,
                 Colour
                 ,
                 and
                 size
                 of
                 its
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Figure
                 ,
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 Colour
                 of
                 the
                 Seed
                 ,
                 the
                 Difference
                 of
                 its
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 where
                 the
                 Fruit
                 and
                 the
                 Seed
                 grows
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 divers
                 times
                 ,
                 it
                 be
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 explain
                 all
                 these
                 peculiar
                 Differences
                 by
                 the
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Pores
                 ,
                 the
                 different
                 Configuration
                 of
                 Parts
                 ,
                 or
                 Atoms
                 of
                 a
                 Figure
                 ,
                 justly
                 proportioned
                 for
                 the
                 Penetration
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 conclude
                 this
                 Subject
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 after
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 the
                 Reader
                 my
                 Thoughts
                 concerning
                 that
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 pretend
                 to
                 have
                 discovered
                 in
                 Plants
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   their
                   Opinion
                   that
                   maintains
                   the
                   Circulation
                   of
                   the
                   Sap.
                   
                
              
               
                 AS
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Rarefaction
                 in
                 all
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 Mover
                 in
                 Vegetation
                 .
                 And
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 every
                 Plant
                 a
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 a
                 necessary
                 Agent
                 ,
                 receives
                 the
                 first
                 Effects
                 of
                 that
                 Rarefaction
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 discoursed
                 elsewhere
                 .
                 So
                 I
                 cannot
                 think
                 of
                 any
                 Comparison
                 fitter
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 my
                 Notion
                 intelligible
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Clock
                 ,
                 which
                 needs
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 set
                 it
                 going
                 ,
                 than
                 only
                 to
                 pull
                 up
                 the
                 Weight
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 a
                 little
                 Jog
                 to
                 the
                 Pendulum
                 —
                 The
                 Truth
                 is
                 ,
                 I
                 always
                 thought
                 it
                 absolutely
                 impossible
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 pretended
                 Circulation
                 consistent
                 with
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 daily
                 see
                 to
                 extend
                 themselves
                 both
                 in
                 Length
                 and
                 Thickness
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Instant
                 that
                 they
                 receive
                 their
                 Nourishment
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Objections
                 that
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 me
                 ,
                 were
                 these
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 apprehend
                 either
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 what
                 Place
                 this
                 Circulation
                 should
                 begin
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 see
                 either
                 any
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 or
                 Advantage
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Supposing
                 we
                 should
                 admit
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 whether
                 we
                 must
                 assert
                 one
                 general
                 Circulation
                 only
                 in
                 every
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 as
                 many
                 Circulations
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 particular
                 Branches
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Time
                 when
                 it
                 begins
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 such
                 a
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 certainly
                 have
                 its
                 Beginning
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Instant
                 that
                 the
                 Roots
                 begin
                 their
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 must
                 owe
                 that
                 very
                 Beginning
                 to
                 the
                 Influence
                 and
                 Virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 consequently
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 Time
                 when
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Roots
                 are
                 not
                 continually
                 in
                 Action
                 .
                 Now
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 principal
                 Reason
                 of
                 admitting
                 this
                 Hypothesis
                 of
                 Circulation
                 in
                 Animals
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Necessity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 viz.
                 for
                 the
                 Purifying
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 told
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 Danger
                 of
                 being
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 kept
                 in
                 continual
                 Motion
                 :
                 So
                 if
                 that
                 Instance
                 hold
                 in
                 Plants
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 then
                 also
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 Danger
                 of
                 Corruption
                 ,
                 that
                 very
                 first
                 Moment
                 of
                 its
                 Circulations
                 being
                 intermitted
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 we
                 should
                 see
                 a
                 general
                 Mortality
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Trees
                 that
                 should
                 happen
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 Action
                 ;
                 whatever
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 ,
                 whether
                 their
                 being
                 hindred
                 by
                 the
                 Frost
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 lying
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Branches
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 that
                 bare
                 them
                 ,
                 must
                 immediately
                 perish
                 ;
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Members
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 cut
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Experience
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 than
                 this
                 will
                 ,
                 as
                 appears
                 evidently
                 by
                 that
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 Grafts
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 frequently
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 sent
                 into
                 foreign
                 Countries
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 ill
                 Accident
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 overmuch
                 dry'd
                 by
                 excess
                 of
                 Heat
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 supposing
                 there
                 be
                 really
                 such
                 a
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 commences
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 :
                 Yet
                 how
                 will
                 they
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 solve
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 those
                 Branches
                 which
                 shoot
                 forth
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Dependance
                 upon
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 doubt
                 ,
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 Instances
                 of
                 it
                 every
                 Spring
                 in
                 Trees
                 newly
                 planted
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 have
                 not
                 yet
                 put
                 forth
                 any
                 new
                 Roots
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 in
                 Trees
                 digg'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 lying
                 on
                 the
                 Ground
                 :
                 and
                 even
                 Branches
                 lopp'd
                 off
                 in
                 that
                 Season
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 end
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 will
                 put
                 out
                 little
                 Shoots
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 How
                 is
                 it
                 possible
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 clear
                 Account
                 of
                 this
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 Nuts
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 common
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 shoot
                 out
                 within
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 put
                 forth
                 a
                 Root
                 ,
                 growing
                 in
                 length
                 downward
                 ,
                 but
                 do
                 not
                 cause
                 any
                 Production
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ?
                 When
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 Bulb
                 of
                 the
                 Imperial
                 will
                 send
                 out
                 Roots
                 in
                 August
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 Stalk
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 other
                 Bulbs
                 put
                 out
                 Stalks
                 in
                 the
                 Autumn
                 and
                 Spring
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 Roots
                 ;
                 when
                 
                   Tulips
                   ,
                   Tuberose's
                
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 Asparagus
                 ,
                 grow
                 upright
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 extream
                 Part
                 at
                 its
                 first
                 Appearance
                 ,
                 still
                 continues
                 so
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 rises
                 entirely
                 and
                 at
                 once
                 from
                 the
                 Bottom
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 Sprouts
                 shooting
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 a
                 Branch
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 cut
                 or
                 cropt
                 ,
                 have
                 such
                 an
                 extream
                 difference
                 in
                 Length
                 and
                 Thickness
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 formerly
                 described
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 ,
                 sufficiently
                 clear
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 unequal
                 Distribution
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ;
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Fruit-buds
                 are
                 form'd
                 only
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 grow
                 only
                 at
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Strong
                 .
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 a
                 
                 very
                 difficult
                 Task
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 to
                 prove
                 a
                 Circulation
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 other
                 Examples
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 could
                 produce
                 upon
                 this
                 Occasion
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 can
                 prove
                 therefore
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Circulation
                 in
                 some
                 Plants
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 reason
                 why
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 positively
                 conclude
                 against
                 the
                 Admission
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 further
                 Demonstration
                 of
                 the
                 Impossibility
                 of
                 this
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 but
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 Admission
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 suppose
                 in
                 every
                 Branch
                 ,
                 three
                 distinct
                 ,
                 and
                 separate
                 Passages
                 ,
                 viz.
                 two
                 for
                 the
                 going
                 ,
                 and
                 returning
                 of
                 the
                 imperfect
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 for
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 it
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 its
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 to
                 convey
                 it
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 its
                 Residence
                 .
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 say
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 Passages
                 for
                 its
                 Rising
                 and
                 Descending
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 happens
                 very
                 frequently
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Branches
                 hang
                 downward
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruit-Branches
                 generally
                 grow
                 in
                 that
                 Posture
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 to
                 speak
                 properly
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Sap
                   Ascends
                
                 ,
                 when
                 really
                 it
                 Descends
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 I
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 say
                 barely
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 will
                 need
                 several
                 Ways
                 or
                 Passages
                 for
                 the
                 Conveyance
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 going
                 and
                 return
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Instance
                 ,
                 I
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 where
                 they
                 will
                 find
                 these
                 three
                 distinct
                 Passages
                 in
                 a
                 Cherry-Stalk
                 ,
                 or
                 how
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 its
                 first
                 Motion
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 risen
                 to
                 the
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 or
                 Top
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 back
                 immediately
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Roots
                 :
                 how
                 I
                 say
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 determin'd
                 by
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 descend
                 to
                 the
                 Cherry
                 ,
                 which
                 hangs
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 re-ascend
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 turn'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 that
                 lead
                 it
                 upward
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 fall
                 into
                 that
                 Path
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 convey
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 re-conduct
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 finally
                 lodg'd
                 ,
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Exigencies
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 would
                 ask
                 further
                 ,
                 Whether
                 or
                 no
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 Circulation
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 ;
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 these
                 two
                 Saps
                 ,
                 must
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Return
                 ,
                 have
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 their
                 particular
                 Way
                 (
                 which
                 will
                 cause
                 a
                 great
                 Multiplication
                 of
                 Ways
                 )
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 must
                 necessarily
                 mix
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 would
                 ensue
                 an
                 unlucky
                 Confusion
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Saps
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 Purer
                 and
                 Nobler
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 this
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 must
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Journeys
                 backward
                 and
                 forward
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 Nature
                 ,
                 who
                 affects
                 to
                 be
                 plain
                 and
                 simple
                 in
                 all
                 her
                 Operations
                 .
                 Why
                 therefore
                 may
                 we
                 not
                 rather
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 acquires
                 its
                 Perfection
                 that
                 very
                 Moment
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 arrives
                 at
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 illuminated
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 immediately
                 upon
                 the
                 Sun's
                 beginning
                 to
                 appear
                 above
                 the
                 Horizon
                 ?
                 But
                 further
                 ,
                 admitting
                 that
                 this
                 Circulation
                 were
                 necessary
                 for
                 perfecting
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 fain
                 be
                 satisfy'd
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 receives
                 this
                 Perfection
                 .
                 It
                 cannot
                 be
                 at
                 its
                 first
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Principles
                 of
                 our
                 Antagonists
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 there
                 but
                 in
                 an
                 imperfect
                 and
                 indigested
                 State
                 ;
                 neither
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 arrived
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 or
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 continue
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 yet
                 two
                 Stages
                 to
                 travel
                 further
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 take
                 up
                 its
                 Rest
                 in
                 those
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 then
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 its
                 compleat
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 would
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 returning
                 to
                 its
                 first
                 Sourse
                 .
                 Neither
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 perfect
                 at
                 its
                 second
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 because
                 then
                 certainly
                 it
                 would
                 take
                 up
                 its
                 final
                 Residence
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 since
                 it
                 is
                 indifferent
                 to
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 once
                 perfectly
                 digested
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 or
                 Branches
                 ,
                 Leaves
                 or
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 it
                 would
                 undoubtedly
                 fix
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Place
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 should
                 find
                 it self
                 qualified
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Degrees
                 of
                 Perfection
                 requisite
                 to
                 its
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 Supposing
                 that
                 the
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 or
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 risen
                 ,
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 I
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 in
                 what
                 manner
                 this
                 Communication
                 of
                 Ways
                 ,
                 and
                 turning
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 into
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 could
                 be
                 solved
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 would
                 become
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 design'd
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 into
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 stopp'd
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Way
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 could
                 arrive
                 at
                 its
                 Journey
                 's
                 End.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 cannot
                 be
                 deny'd
                 that
                 this
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 draws
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Inconveniencies
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 prevented
                 no
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 following
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Process
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 
                   First
                   Mover
                
                 in
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 being
                 Invigorated
                 by
                 the
                 Warmth
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 immediately
                 communicates
                 to
                 that
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 attracted
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 Quality
                 as
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 it
                 perfect
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 is
                 not
                 determined
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 Nature
                 ,
                 to
                 any
                 particular
                 .
                 Production
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 indifferently
                 become
                 either
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 or
                 Trunk
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 that
                 Sap
                 has
                 all
                 the
                 Degrees
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 that
                 are
                 requisite
                 for
                 
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 necessarily
                 be
                 a
                 light
                 and
                 subtil
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 extreamly
                 adapted
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 .
                 Where
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 plentiful
                 ,
                 it
                 exerts
                 it self
                 ,
                 in
                 producing
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 bearing
                 a
                 Size
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 the
                 ascending
                 Sap
                 :
                 If
                 it
                 ascend
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Quantity
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 employ'd
                 in
                 bearing
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Blossoms
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 in
                 its
                 Dimensions
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sap
                 rises
                 in
                 a
                 moderate
                 Proportion
                 in
                 some
                 certain
                 Places
                 ,
                 as
                 either
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Strong
                 ,
                 it
                 there
                 signalizes
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 Productions
                 of
                 Buds
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 large
                 and
                 beautiful
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 rational
                 Account
                 of
                 this
                 admirable
                 Distribution
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 unto
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 the
                 Beginning
                 ,
                 Continuing
                 ,
                 or
                 Compleating
                 ,
                 and
                 Determining
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 just
                 Bigness
                 and
                 Proportion
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Work
                 above
                 Humane
                 Performance
                 .
                 Nature
                 seems
                 expresly
                 to
                 have
                 deny'd
                 us
                 that
                 Priviledge
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 seem'd
                 industriously
                 to
                 hide
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 under
                 a
                 thick
                 Veil
                 ,
                 the
                 Manner
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 her
                 Conception
                 and
                 Production
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 hitherto
                 ,
                 our
                 ordinary
                 Faculties
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 fathom
                 this
                 mysterious
                 Subject
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 deny
                 but
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 in
                 all
                 Animals
                 ;
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 Vessels
                 with
                 their
                 Extremities
                 and
                 Insertions
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 the
                 whole
                 Structure
                 of
                 their
                 Body
                 is
                 so
                 exactly
                 entire
                 ,
                 and
                 perfect
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 Extent
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 we
                 cannot
                 conceive
                 an
                 abrupt
                 Beginning
                 or
                 End
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 excellently
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 Reception
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 and
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 restraining
                 them
                 from
                 issuing
                 out
                 at
                 any
                 Extremity
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 whose
                 encreasing
                 in
                 length
                 is
                 continually
                 form'd
                 outwardly
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 suppose
                 the
                 Vessels
                 to
                 be
                 open
                 at
                 their
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 receive
                 their
                 Augmentation
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 on
                 their
                 Outside
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 doth
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Analogy
                 between
                 the
                 Vessels
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 an
                 Animal
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 Inference
                 deduced
                 from
                 that
                 Comparison
                 ,
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 erroneous
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 Question
                 ,
                 wherein
                 I
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 satisfy'd
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Whether
                 ,
                 upon
                 supposition
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 such
                 a
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 say
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 general
                 Circulation
                 in
                 each
                 respective
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 as
                 many
                 particular
                 Circulations
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Branches
                 ,
                 is
                 perhaps
                 as
                 difficult
                 to
                 resolve
                 as
                 any
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 we
                 admit
                 but
                 one
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 be
                 hard
                 put
                 to
                 it
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 how
                 a
                 Slip
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 comes
                 to
                 take
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 become
                 a
                 perfect
                 Tree
                 .
                 We
                 must
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Branches
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 true
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 which
                 ceas'd
                 from
                 Action
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Tree
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 grew
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 by
                 their
                 Re-plantation
                 they
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 a
                 Condition
                 of
                 Acting
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 their
                 Circulation
                 also
                 began
                 to
                 resume
                 its
                 Action
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 these
                 Steps
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 perfect
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 therefore
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Reason
                 for
                 this
                 Growth
                 of
                 Slips
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 admit
                 of
                 a
                 particular
                 Circulation
                 in
                 every
                 Branch
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 likewise
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 admit
                 of
                 many
                 Circulations
                 in
                 every
                 Branch
                 .
                 For
                 since
                 any
                 Branch
                 may
                 be
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Parts
                 ,
                 if
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Parts
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 due
                 Circumstances
                 belonging
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 as
                 easily
                 take
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 entire
                 Branches
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Solution
                 will
                 draw
                 us
                 into
                 a
                 
                   Progressus
                   in
                   infinitum
                
                 ,
                 than
                 which
                 ,
                 in
                 Ratiocination
                 ,
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 absurd
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Layer
                 of
                 a
                 Vine
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 takes
                 a
                 new
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Layer
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 was
                 the
                 smallest
                 ,
                 becomes
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 thicker
                 than
                 the
                 Part
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 :
                 Must
                 we
                 not
                 of
                 necessity
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 a
                 new
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 former
                 seems
                 plainly
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 to
                 have
                 become
                 altogether
                 useless
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 find
                 any
                 Expedient
                 of
                 adjusting
                 all
                 these
                 particular
                 Circulations
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 general
                 one
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 act
                 in
                 Conformity
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 Subordination
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Tree
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 a
                 Cloud
                 of
                 Difficulties
                 and
                 Inconveniencies
                 have
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 me
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Credit
                 to
                 this
                 new
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 have
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 an
                 extreme
                 Veneration
                 for
                 those
                 Worthy
                 and
                 Learned
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Opinion
                   that
                   maintains
                   the
                   Conveyance
                   of
                   the
                   Nourishment
                   through
                   the
                   upper
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Plant.
                   
                
              
               
                 THere
                 have
                 been
                 some
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 derived
                 to
                 it
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 likewise
                 some
                 Contribution
                 of
                 maintenance
                 afforded
                 by
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 subtilly
                 conveyed
                 to
                 it
                 through
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 This
                 Opinion
                 of
                 theirs
                 is
                 grounded
                 upon
                 this
                 Observation
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 a
                 very
                 strait
                 ligature
                 round
                 any
                 Branch
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 if
                 you
                 strip
                 the
                 Bark
                 off
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Boughs
                 that
                 are
                 below
                 that
                 part
                 so
                 tyed
                 or
                 stripp'd
                 ,
                 will
                 notwithstanding
                 encrease
                 both
                 in
                 length
                 and
                 thickness
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 this
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 some
                 
                   Vegetables
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 In
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 and
                 Stones
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 ordinary
                 Seeds
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Necessity
                 for
                 this
                 Aerial
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 whole
                 Series
                 of
                 their
                 Vegetation
                 is
                 performed
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 without
                 having
                 the
                 least
                 Communication
                 with
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 I
                 Answer
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 tye
                 any
                 Branch
                 so
                 straitly
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 (
                 a
                 Liquor
                 not
                 only
                 very
                 subtil
                 and
                 delicate
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 very
                 Impetuous
                 in
                 its
                 Operation
                 )
                 shall
                 not
                 insinuate
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 some
                 passage
                 through
                 ;
                 for
                 tho'
                 the
                 main
                 stream
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 rises
                 up
                 between
                 the
                 Bark
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 some
                 little
                 quantity
                 doth
                 constantly
                 penetrate
                 through
                 the
                 Fibres
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Wood
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 it
                 any
                 Wonder
                 if
                 Nature
                 ,
                 who
                 out
                 of
                 her
                 great
                 abhorrence
                 of
                 a
                 Vacuum
                 does
                 frequently
                 perform
                 such
                 extraordinary
                 and
                 surprizing
                 Wonders
                 ,
                 may
                 likewise
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 force
                 up
                 the
                 Sap
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 stop'd
                 in
                 its
                 Ascent
                 either
                 by
                 that
                 ligature
                 or
                 stripping
                 off
                 the
                 Bark
                 )
                 through
                 the
                 very
                 substance
                 or
                 Fibres
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 its
                 Nourishing
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 Infallibly
                 have
                 perished
                 without
                 a
                 seasonable
                 Supply
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 Answer'd
                 with
                 very
                 good
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Distension
                 or
                 Tumor
                 of
                 such
                 tyed
                 Branches
                 in
                 their
                 breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 accretion
                 to
                 their
                 length
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 Stiled
                 rather
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Dropsie
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 real
                 and
                 firm
                 Augmentation
                 of
                 their
                 sound
                 substance
                 and
                 continuity
                 ;
                 for
                 Experience
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 Trees
                 thus
                 tyed
                 or
                 stripp'd
                 ,
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 come
                 to
                 dye
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 do
                 if
                 the
                 Channel
                 be
                 not
                 open'd
                 again
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 free
                 passage
                 to
                 the
                 true
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 other
                 Instances
                 ,
                 to
                 confirm
                 our
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 consider
                 that
                 those
                 Plants
                 whose
                 Roots
                 lye
                 very
                 deep
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 as
                 Tulip-bulbs
                 ,
                 &c.
                 do
                 always
                 grow
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 heighth
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 also
                 we
                 may
                 observe
                 the
                 Pointed
                 and
                 Pyramidal
                 Extremity
                 of
                 all
                 Branches
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 seem
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 Growing
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 one
                 consent
                 ,
                 Naturally
                 to
                 tend
                 upward
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 add
                 ,
                 as
                 another
                 Corroborating
                 Circumstance
                 ,
                 the
                 shooting
                 out
                 of
                 new
                 Sprouts
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Back
                 or
                 Elbow
                 of
                 such
                 Branches
                 as
                 are
                 bent
                 violently
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 the
                 Suckers
                 that
                 grow
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 injured
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 :
                 the
                 decay
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 at
                 the
                 Extremities
                 notwithstanding
                 their
                 being
                 still
                 vigorous
                 at
                 the
                 Root
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Withering
                 and
                 Fading
                 of
                 Plants
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 their
                 Leaves
                 in
                 hot
                 Weather
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 newly
                 Set
                 :
                 All
                 these
                 Instances
                 seem
                 to
                 me
                 evidently
                 Contradictory
                 of
                 any
                 descent
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 which
                 they
                 suppose
                 to
                 be
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 either
                 upon
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 different
                 Tastes
                 in
                 Fruits
                 which
                 always
                 have
                 a
                 smack
                 of
                 their
                 Soil
                 ,
                 are
                 a
                 sufficient
                 proof
                 that
                 their
                 Nourishment
                 is
                 derived
                 from
                 a
                 Soil
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Savour
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 certainly
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 could
                 find
                 a
                 passage
                 across
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 the
                 solid
                 Wood
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 as
                 well
                 enter
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 through
                 the
                 Skin
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 Prescription
                 has
                 hitherto
                 been
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 true
                 and
                 only
                 Channel
                 for
                 Conveyance
                 of
                 the
                 Aliment
                 to
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Partners
                 in
                 that
                 Office
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 become
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 wholly
                 useless
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 will
                 not
                 deny
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 highly
                 necessary
                 for
                 Trees
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 temperate
                 Air
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Bark
                 may
                 be
                 rendered
                 the
                 more
                 pliable
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 
                 be
                 dilated
                 and
                 loos'd
                 from
                 its
                 inclosed
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 freer
                 passage
                 for
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 its
                 rising
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Root
                 .
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 I
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 persuaded
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 any
                 Nourishment
                 can
                 be
                 conveyed
                 through
                 that
                 Rind
                 ,
                 but
                 am
                 of
                 Opinion
                 rather
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Tree
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 Top
                 Branches
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 hot
                 Region
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 suppose
                 a
                 Row
                 of
                 Trees
                 cut
                 even
                 at
                 the
                 Tops
                 ,
                 and
                 Planted
                 in
                 a
                 Hedge
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 under
                 the
                 
                   Torrid
                   Zone
                
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 drawing
                 in
                 any
                 Nourishment
                 through
                 the
                 Bole
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 the
                 Sap
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 much
                 hindred
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 from
                 ascending
                 by
                 its
                 ordinary
                 passage
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 would
                 Infallibly
                 perish
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 would
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sap
                 being
                 made
                 unable
                 to
                 rise
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 small
                 upper
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 would
                 burst
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 into
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 new
                 and
                 small
                 Productions
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 from
                 the
                 Experiment
                 of
                 making
                 an
                 Incision
                 into
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 pretend
                 to
                 prove
                 this
                 Intromission
                 of
                 Sap
                 into
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 from
                 that
                 Liquor
                 which
                 will
                 run
                 plentifully
                 out
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 Incision
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 they
                 build
                 their
                 Hypothesis
                 upon
                 a
                 very
                 Sandy
                 Foundation
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 ,
                 First
                 ,
                 If
                 we
                 either
                 cut
                 or
                 break
                 off
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 any
                 Plant
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 will
                 be
                 seen
                 plainly
                 to
                 gush
                 out
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 from
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Extremities
                 bubling
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Pore
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 retain'd
                 its
                 Situation
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 which
                 was
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 former
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 If
                 the
                 Incision
                 be
                 made
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 run
                 out
                 not
                 only
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 that
                 Sap
                 which
                 is
                 continually
                 ascending
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 being
                 already
                 upon
                 its
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 till
                 then
                 been
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Sap
                 ,
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 fall
                 down
                 when
                 destitute
                 of
                 that
                 Support
                 and
                 Foundation
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 depriv'd
                 by
                 that
                 Incision
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 If
                 this
                 Incision
                 were
                 a
                 sufficient
                 proof
                 of
                 this
                 Assertion
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 follow
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 uppermost
                 Sap
                 must
                 make
                 its
                 way
                 out
                 at
                 one
                 single
                 hole
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 Water
                 in
                 a
                 Vessel
                 runs
                 all
                 out
                 at
                 any
                 hole
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 :
                 But
                 Experience
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 That
                 how
                 many
                 Incisions
                 soever
                 you
                 make
                 ,
                 either
                 above
                 or
                 below
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Sap
                 will
                 issue
                 through
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 most
                 abundantly
                 through
                 the
                 lowest
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 least
                 quantity
                 through
                 the
                 highest
                 ,
                 which
                 certainly
                 must
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Reason
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 before
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XX.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   undistinguishable
                   likeness
                   of
                   the
                   Sap
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Wood
                     ,
                     Leaves
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Fruit.
                   
                
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 hardly
                 any
                 Plant
                 growing
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 whole
                 Summer
                 ,
                 puts
                 out
                 more
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 produces
                 greater
                 plenty
                 of
                 Sap
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Fig-Tree
                 does
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 venture
                 to
                 build
                 our
                 Observations
                 concerning
                 Sap
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 upon
                 such
                 Remarks
                 as
                 a
                 particular
                 Enquiry
                 into
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 this
                 Tree
                 will
                 afford
                 us
                 :
                 The
                 Sap
                 whereof
                 appears
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 have
                 exactly
                 the
                 same
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Consistence
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stalk
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 in
                 the
                 Fruit
                 it self
                 ,
                 whilst
                 it
                 is
                 yet
                 Green
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 Ripe
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 Gathering
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 sign
                 to
                 be
                 perceived
                 of
                 that
                 white
                 Sap
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 plentifully
                 impregnated
                 before
                 it
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 Maturity
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 we
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 advance
                 this
                 general
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 material
                 difference
                 between
                 that
                 Sap
                 which
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 forming
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 enters
                 into
                 the
                 Composition
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 since
                 there
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Conformity
                 between
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 its
                 passing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Stalk
                 into
                 the
                 Fruit.
                 So
                 that
                 admitting
                 the
                 Sap
                 for
                 Fruit
                 to
                 be
                 endued
                 with
                 some
                 particular
                 degrees
                 of
                 Perfection
                 beyond
                 what
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Sap
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 yet
                 what
                 do
                 they
                 think
                 becomes
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Fruit
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 design'd
                 to
                 have
                 form'd
                 and
                 nourish'd
                 ,
                 chances
                 to
                 perish
                 ,
                 as
                 oftentimes
                 it
                 doth
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 Embryo
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 before
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 Perfection
                 ?
                 In
                 this
                 case
                 it
                 must
                 certainly
                 be
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 equally
                 employ'd
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 something
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 will
                 suggest
                 the
                 Reason
                 to
                 us
                 why
                 Trees
                 without
                 Fruit
                 abound
                 more
                 in
                 Wood
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 bear
                 Fruit
                 plentifully
                 ;
                 which
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Opinion
                 I
                 ever
                 had
                 ,
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 different
                 proportions
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ;
                 the
                 smaller
                 quantity
                 
                 whereof
                 causes
                 plenty
                 of
                 Blossoms
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 greater
                 quantity
                 produces
                 the
                 like
                 Encrease
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 and
                 Leaves
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 repeated
                 so
                 often
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 the
                 Fruit
                 grows
                 at
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 strong
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 is
                 exempted
                 from
                 bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 under
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 mistake
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 render
                 an
                 account
                 why
                 the
                 weak
                 Branches
                 are
                 generally
                 most
                 loaded
                 with
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 towards
                 the
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 put
                 us
                 off
                 with
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 concoction
                 and
                 refining
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 say
                 they
                 )
                 can
                 be
                 effected
                 no
                 other
                 way
                 than
                 by
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 Passage
                 and
                 Percolation
                 through
                 the
                 narrow
                 Conveyances
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 suppose
                 this
                 Fancy
                 had
                 some
                 probability
                 of
                 Reason
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 how
                 shall
                 we
                 explain
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 
                   Grapes
                   ,
                   Quinces
                   ,
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   Azerolles
                   ,
                   Rasberries
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 receive
                 their
                 Formation
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 Wood
                 does
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 grow
                 :
                 For
                 Example
                 :
                 There
                 grows
                 upon
                 every
                 old
                 Branch
                 of
                 a
                 Vine
                 that
                 used
                 to
                 be
                 Pruned
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 new
                 Branches
                 as
                 there
                 were
                 Eyes
                 left
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 them
                 are
                 the
                 Grapes
                 formed
                 ,
                 which
                 ordinarily
                 do
                 not
                 grow
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 than
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 fourth
                 ,
                 or
                 fifth
                 Knot
                 ,
                 for
                 from
                 that
                 distance
                 the
                 Branch
                 runs
                 up
                 only
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 without
                 bearing
                 any
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 granted
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 cannot
                 be
                 denied
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 ask
                 them
                 what
                 Ground
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 assert
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 prepared
                 till
                 it
                 arrive
                 at
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 three
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 receive
                 its
                 perfect
                 Digestion
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 divide
                 the
                 Sap
                 into
                 two
                 sorts
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Digested
                 ,
                 and
                 Indigested
                 ;
                 the
                 former
                 they
                 tell
                 us
                 is
                 employed
                 both
                 in
                 forming
                 the
                 Grapes
                 in
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 three
                 Knots
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Production
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 and
                 Branches
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 always
                 some
                 Wood
                 ,
                 Pulp
                 ,
                 and
                 Husk
                 of
                 the
                 Grape
                 between
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Knots
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 which
                 both
                 these
                 Saps
                 did
                 contribute
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 After
                 this
                 Secretion
                 of
                 the
                 Digested
                 Sap
                 from
                 the
                 Indigested
                 ,
                 they
                 come
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 re-united
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Boughs
                 and
                 Leaves
                 only
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 remaining
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 .
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 ingenuously
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 quick
                 enough
                 to
                 penetrate
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 comprehend
                 these
                 so
                 subtile
                 and
                 refined
                 Notions
                 of
                 our
                 modern
                 Philosophers
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   those
                   ,
                   who
                   from
                   the
                   Generation
                   of
                   Animals
                   Argue
                   concerning
                   the
                   Production
                   of
                   Fruits
                   .
                
              
               
                 THere
                 are
                 some
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 formerly
                 observed
                 in
                 my
                 
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Pruning
                
                 ,
                 who
                 Treating
                 of
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 proceed
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 they
                 do
                 in
                 their
                 Considerations
                 about
                 the
                 Generation
                 of
                 
                   Animals
                   .
                   Animals
                
                 (
                 say
                 they
                 )
                 
                   do
                   not
                   Procreate
                   their
                   Like
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   their
                   Vigor
                   ,
                   Generation
                   being
                   an
                   Act
                   of
                   Vigor
                   in
                   all
                   Natural
                   Productions
                   .
                
                 Now
                 since
                 Trees
                 are
                 also
                 Natural
                 Beings
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 hence
                 follow
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 Capable
                 of
                 bearing
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 their
                 full
                 Strength
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 absurd
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Fruit
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 the
                 Weakness
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 further
                 add
                 .
                 
                   That
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Works
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   the
                   Cause
                   is
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   Effects
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                
                 Extraordinary
                 
                   Effect
                   must
                   be
                   produced
                   by
                   a
                   suitable
                   Strength
                   and
                   Vigour
                   in
                   its
                   Agent
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 indeed
                 are
                 very
                 plausible
                 Arguments
                 and
                 Inferences
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 mentioned
                 by
                 Persons
                 of
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 may
                 prevail
                 with
                 such
                 as
                 do
                 not
                 see
                 into
                 the
                 Weakness
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 I
                 highly
                 Esteem
                 the
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 those
                 Ingenious
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 Argue
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 ;
                 yet
                 ,
                 when
                 to
                 expose
                 my
                 Notions
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 me
                 Advance
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 as
                 this
                 :
                 
                   That
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Moisture
                   which
                   makes
                   the
                   Trees
                   produce
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Branches
                   and
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   Effect
                   of
                   their
                   Vigour
                   ;
                
                 they
                 must
                 give
                 me
                 leave
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 in
                 my
                 own
                 Defence
                 .
                 I
                 might
                 well
                 say
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 I
                 say
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 That
                 Blossoms
                 and
                 Fruits
                 on
                 Trees
                 are
                 signs
                 of
                 their
                 Weakness
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 little
                 Sap
                 ;
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 fair
                 Branches
                 without
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 abounding
                 quantity
                 of
                 their
                 Sap.
                 For
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 word
                 Moisture
                 does
                 properly
                 signifie
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 understood
                 in
                 that
                 Assertion
                 of
                 mine
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 where
                 a
                 Tree
                 is
                 planted
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 so
                 great
                 
                 a
                 Difference
                 between
                 it
                 and
                 Sap.
                 And
                 we
                 seldom
                 see
                 any
                 very
                 great
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 in
                 such
                 Fruit-Trees
                 as
                 have
                 very
                 much
                 Moisture
                 about
                 their
                 Roots
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 We
                 sometimes
                 see
                 them
                 die
                 ,
                 by
                 having
                 their
                 Roots
                 too
                 much
                 drenched
                 in
                 Water
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 never
                 take
                 well
                 in
                 very
                 wet
                 Ground
                 ;
                 whereas
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 they
                 afford
                 both
                 much
                 Lop-wood
                 and
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 naturally
                 a
                 Vigorous
                 vital
                 Principle
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 planted
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 indifferently
                 mosten'd
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 thereupon
                 send
                 forth
                 good
                 Roots
                 to
                 furnish
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sap.
                 
              
               
                 These
                 Terms
                 therefore
                 of
                 Moisture
                 and
                 Sap
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 promiscuously
                 used
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 being
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 only
                 for
                 that
                 Nourishment
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 such
                 Water
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 about
                 the
                 Root
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 has
                 given
                 Occasion
                 for
                 Mens
                 arguing
                 upon
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 do
                 upon
                 the
                 Generation
                 of
                 Animals
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 imagin'd
                 the
                 Fruit
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 in
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 young
                 Animal
                 is
                 to
                 its
                 Syre
                 that
                 begat
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 wou'd
                 thence
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 Lyon's
                 Whelp'd
                 ,
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 exactly
                 resembles
                 its
                 Syre
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 Essentials
                 ,
                 so
                 a
                 Pear
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Cherry
                 must
                 ,
                 in
                 its
                 Formation
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 its
                 Tree
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 in
                 time
                 it
                 may
                 grow
                 up
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 tall
                 and
                 big
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 way
                 like
                 it
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 young
                 Lyon
                 does
                 at
                 length
                 equal
                 the
                 Old
                 One
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Largeness
                 and
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 Nature
                 it self
                 plainly
                 shews
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 act
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 in
                 both
                 these
                 Cases
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 gather'd
                 from
                 such
                 Considerations
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 hat
                 one
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 each
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 respect
                 to
                 its
                 Tree
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Seed
                 of
                 the
                 Animals
                 is
                 to
                 its
                 respective
                 Animal
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 skill'd
                 in
                 Anatomy
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Seminal
                 Matter
                 in
                 Animals
                 require
                 as
                 much
                 Force
                 and
                 Vigor
                 to
                 be
                 formed
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 afterwards
                 does
                 in
                 being
                 duly
                 employ'd
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Generation
                 :
                 But
                 sure
                 I
                 am
                 that
                 no
                 Man
                 ever
                 distinctly
                 perceiv'd
                 in
                 himself
                 ,
                 either
                 the
                 Time
                 or
                 Manner
                 of
                 its
                 Formation
                 ,
                 any
                 more
                 than
                 he
                 did
                 those
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 the
                 Formation
                 of
                 his
                 Muscles
                 ,
                 Bones
                 ,
                 or
                 Cartilages
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 certainly
                 a
                 Provision
                 in
                 Nature
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 one
                 Part
                 should
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Seed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 should
                 be
                 imployed
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Encrease
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Animal
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 making
                 any
                 sensible
                 Effort
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Framing
                 ,
                 or
                 perfecting
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Internal
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 find
                 himself
                 mightily
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 that
                 shall
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 standing
                 Rule
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 kind
                 of
                 Fruit
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 a
                 Case
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Seed
                 as
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 the
                 same
                 sort
                 of
                 Tree
                 with
                 that
                 it self
                 grew
                 upon
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 ordinary
                 way
                 of
                 Multiplying
                 Trees
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 by
                 their
                 Fruits
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 who
                 ever
                 saw
                 a
                 
                   Prunier
                   de
                   Perdrigon
                
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Bigarotier
                 grow
                 from
                 the
                 Stones
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 ?
                 a
                 Fig
                 ,
                 or
                 Mulberry-Tree
                 from
                 the
                 Seed
                 ,
                 a
                 Bon-Chrestien
                 ,
                 or
                 Bergamotte
                 from
                 the
                 Kernels
                 of
                 such
                 Pears
                 ?
                 Though
                 I
                 know
                 't
                 is
                 common
                 for
                 an
                 Oak
                 to
                 come
                 of
                 an
                 Acorn
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Chestnut-Tree
                 of
                 its
                 Nuts
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 to
                 be
                 produc'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 ;
                 yet
                 Nature
                 has
                 provided
                 other
                 ways
                 of
                 multiplying
                 them
                 ,
                 viz.
                 by
                 young
                 Siens
                 growing
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Roots
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Graffs
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 those
                 ways
                 which
                 Nature
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 preserving
                 the
                 several
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 treated
                 of
                 in
                 another
                 Place
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 I
                 come
                 positively
                 to
                 affirm
                 ,
              
               
                 That
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 first
                 lays
                 down
                 such
                 a
                 Maxim
                 as
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 only
                 Reason
                 why
                 some
                 Fir-Trees
                 thrive
                 well
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 grow
                 on
                 the
                 South
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ;
                 And
                 that
                 others
                 do
                 not
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 stand
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 Side
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 thence
                 draw
                 Inferences
                 ,
                 and
                 apply
                 them
                 to
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 such
                 Arguments
                 must
                 necessarily
                 be
                 very
                 weak
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 are
                 subjects
                 very
                 different
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 should
                 be
                 as
                 differently
                 considered
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 in
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 is
                 scarcely
                 at
                 all
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 in
                 Firrs
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 latter
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 only
                 to
                 compare
                 one
                 Part
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 barely
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 whole
                 Bulk
                 and
                 Extent
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 good
                 for
                 Masts
                 ,
                 Planks
                 ,
                 Beams
                 ,
                 or
                 Joists
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Branches
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 carefully
                 considered
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Great
                 and
                 Small
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 not
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 we
                 observe
                 the
                 Working
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 in
                 Distributing
                 the
                 Sap
                 to
                 every
                 single
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 what
                 particular
                 Use
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 a
                 Ship.
                 Nature
                 is
                 not
                 concern'd
                 whether
                 such
                 a
                 particular
                 Firr-Tree
                 be
                 fit
                 for
                 Boards
                 ,
                 and
                 whether
                 ,
                 or
                 no
                 ,
                 it
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 that
                 Use
                 ;
                 whereas
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 improperly
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 is
                 highly
                 concerned
                 in
                 the
                 Productions
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 bethe
                 Food
                 of
                 the
                 noblest
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Creation
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 performed
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Course
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 these
                 Fruits
                 
                 cost
                 Nature
                 the
                 least
                 pains
                 in
                 making
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 the
                 most
                 in
                 undertataking
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 puzzle
                 and
                 confound
                 the
                 Curious
                 Enquirers
                 in
                 the
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 it
                 proceeds
                 in
                 the
                 Formation
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 Trees
                 in
                 a
                 way
                 quite
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 wherein
                 perfect
                 Animals
                 are
                 Generated
                 and
                 Preserved
                 ;
                 As
                 if
                 it
                 thereby
                 designed
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 drawing
                 of
                 any
                 manner
                 of
                 Consequences
                 from
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 understand
                 or
                 illustrate
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Distribution
                 of
                 Nourishment
                 in
                 perfect
                 Animals
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 equal
                 Proportions
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 Members
                 ,
                 which
                 exactly
                 answer
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Right
                 Arm
                 or
                 Thigh
                 usually
                 receives
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Left
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 Whereas
                 in
                 Fruit-Trees
                 the
                 Sap
                 is
                 distributed
                 in
                 very
                 unequal
                 Measures
                 ;
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 being
                 perfectly
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 bigness
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 others
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 sort
                 of
                 a
                 middle
                 size
                 between
                 both
                 ;
                 and
                 consequently
                 requiring
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sap.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 also
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 smaller
                 Branches
                 receiving
                 more
                 Sap
                 than
                 that
                 particular
                 use
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 designed
                 ,
                 did
                 require
                 ,
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 bigness
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 others
                 that
                 at
                 first
                 seem'd
                 large
                 ones
                 ,
                 receiving
                 a
                 less
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Sap
                 than
                 was
                 necessary
                 ,
                 never
                 grow
                 much
                 bigger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 smaller
                 size
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 may
                 not
                 unfitly
                 be
                 illustrated
                 by
                 those
                 Alterations
                 we
                 frequently
                 observe
                 in
                 some
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Main
                 Stream
                 does
                 not
                 always
                 go
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 place
                 :
                 Sometimes
                 you
                 'll
                 see
                 it
                 bear
                 strongly
                 upon
                 one
                 Bank
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Months
                 after
                 ,
                 quite
                 removed
                 to
                 the
                 opposite
                 side
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 settle
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 between
                 both
                 .
                 Only
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 whether
                 side
                 soever
                 it
                 takes
                 to
                 ,
                 it
                 commonly
                 makes
                 no
                 very
                 long
                 continuance
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 we
                 frequently
                 see
                 strange
                 Alterations
                 in
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 properly
                 its
                 Channel
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 it
                 never
                 constantly
                 keeps
                 the
                 same
                 course
                 it
                 first
                 took
                 .
                 One
                 Year
                 it
                 flows
                 in
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 into
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 smaller
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 just
                 upon
                 bearing
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 quite
                 alters
                 its
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 it
                 upon
                 lengthening
                 and
                 enlarging
                 it self
                 ;
                 that
                 Matter
                 which
                 otherwise
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 assuming
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 turning
                 into
                 Wood.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 Year
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 formerly
                 was
                 employ'd
                 in
                 enlarging
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 now
                 changes
                 its
                 Office
                 ,
                 and
                 feeds
                 them
                 chiefly
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 bearing
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 Another
                 Year
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 a
                 Branch
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 look'd
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 grown
                 into
                 a
                 Massive
                 Bough
                 ,
                 begin
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 to
                 bear
                 ;
                 the
                 Channel
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 Sap
                 passed
                 before
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 ,
                 being
                 some
                 way
                 altered
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 the
                 Branch
                 hinder'd
                 from
                 growing
                 any
                 bigger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 size
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 't
                 is
                 further
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 Nature
                 has
                 for
                 each
                 kind
                 of
                 perfect
                 Animals
                 its
                 own
                 peculiar
                 Mould
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 cast
                 exactly
                 into
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 shape
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 such
                 an
                 Air
                 as
                 makes
                 them
                 very
                 nearly
                 resemble
                 each
                 other
                 ;
                 whereas
                 in
                 the
                 Designing
                 and
                 Forming
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 it
                 neither
                 observes
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Parts
                 ,
                 nor
                 Equality
                 in
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 nor
                 Resemblance
                 in
                 Shape
                 .
                 In
                 perfect
                 Animals
                 ,
                 the
                 Eyes
                 and
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 the
                 Belly
                 and
                 the
                 Feet
                 ,
                 &c.
                 are
                 always
                 orderly
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 :
                 And
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 ever
                 suffered
                 to
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 wrong
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 some
                 frightful
                 Monster
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 produced
                 :
                 Whereas
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Nature
                 is
                 no
                 further
                 concerned
                 about
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 they
                 send
                 forth
                 large
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 yield
                 good
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 or
                 below
                 ,
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 willing
                 so
                 far
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 Ingenious
                 Gardiner
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 observe
                 his
                 Orders
                 and
                 Conduct
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 receive
                 what
                 shape
                 he
                 shall
                 appoint
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 to
                 produce
                 what
                 Branches
                 and
                 Fruit
                 he
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 since
                 many
                 Productions
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Tree
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 one
                 Exteriour
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 capable
                 of
                 producing
                 ,
                 whereas
                 this
                 Work
                 of
                 Nature
                 is
                 only
                 performed
                 in
                 one
                 certain
                 part
                 of
                 Animals
                 ;
                 How
                 unreasonable
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 argue
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 concerning
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Generation
                 of
                 Animals
                 ?
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Course
                 of
                 Action
                 in
                 the
                 Sap
                 ,
                 which
                 very
                 few
                 have
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 nicely
                 to
                 observe
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 are
                 so
                 wholly
                 taken
                 up
                 with
                 Studies
                 of
                 a
                 higher
                 and
                 more
                 delightful
                 Nature
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 Business
                 of
                 greater
                 Importance
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 sufficiently
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 such
                 Observations
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 
                 great
                 Accomplishment
                 in
                 any
                 Person
                 that
                 has
                 attained
                 to
                 some
                 considerable
                 Perfefection
                 in
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 possible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 as
                 much
                 Master
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 Yet
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 properly
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Good
                 Astronomer
                 ,
                 a
                 Geometrician
                 ,
                 or
                 Architect
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 perfectly
                 well
                 Skill'd
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 unjust
                 Censure
                 ,
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 such
                 a
                 Man
                 is
                 no
                 Good
                 Architect
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 also
                 a
                 Good
                 Gardiner
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 an
                 Architects
                 Skill
                 in
                 Building
                 might
                 justly
                 be
                 suspected
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 make
                 a
                 House
                 with
                 Smoaking
                 Chimneys
                 ,
                 or
                 Rooms
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 hold
                 a
                 Bed
                 ;
                 Yet
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 hard
                 to
                 Question
                 the
                 same
                 Man's
                 Abilities
                 in
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 his
                 Orchard
                 were
                 not
                 all
                 well
                 Ordered
                 ,
                 or
                 did
                 not
                 bear
                 abundance
                 of
                 Good
                 and
                 Fair
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 speaking
                 with
                 Reference
                 to
                 a
                 Gardiner
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 curious
                 Knowledge
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 no
                 Use
                 of
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 his
                 Skill
                 or
                 Art.
                 As
                 for
                 instance
                 ,
                 When
                 one
                 knows
                 that
                 the
                 Marble
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Mountain
                 at
                 Genoua
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Stone
                 of
                 
                   Carriere
                   de
                   St.
                   Leu
                
                 are
                 very
                 good
                 and
                 fine
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 Build
                 with
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 make
                 Statues
                 of
                 ;
                 whereas
                 those
                 of
                 other
                 Places
                 are
                 much
                 Courser
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 fit
                 for
                 such
                 Uses
                 :
                 Pray
                 ,
                 Why
                 should
                 a
                 Man
                 break
                 his
                 Brain
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 Reasons
                 of
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 the
                 Imperfections
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 since
                 he
                 can
                 neither
                 Correct
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 nor
                 make
                 the
                 other
                 last
                 for
                 ever
                 ?
                 All
                 that
                 is
                 necessary
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 To
                 know
                 where
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 shall
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 the
                 bad
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 not
                 meddle
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 ,
                 the
                 Firrs
                 that
                 grow
                 on
                 the
                 South-side
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 are
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 side
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 many
                 of
                 us
                 know
                 upon
                 our
                 own
                 Experience
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 believe
                 a
                 Man
                 would
                 find
                 himself
                 mightily
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 if
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 thence
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 only
                 Reason
                 why
                 the
                 latter
                 are
                 Bad
                 ,
                 is
                 because
                 they
                 grew
                 up
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 our
                 Modern
                 Mariners
                 agree
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 best
                 Firrs
                 for
                 Masts
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 Northern
                 Parts
                 of
                 Norway
                 ;
                 Or
                 if
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 lay
                 down
                 this
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 Reason
                 why
                 Firrs
                 that
                 stand
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Best
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 Because
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 can
                 compress
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 that
                 matter
                 wherewith
                 they
                 are
                 Nourished
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 harden
                 and
                 strengthen
                 the
                 Fibers
                 of
                 such
                 Trees
                 more
                 than
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 directly
                 exposed
                 to
                 its
                 Influence
                 :
                 How
                 will
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Arguing
                 hold
                 concerning
                 such
                 Firrs
                 as
                 are
                 almost
                 continually
                 in
                 a
                 Frozen
                 Condition
                 ?
                 Pray
                 ,
                 Is
                 not
                 Cold
                 as
                 apt
                 to
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 harden
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthen
                 any
                 thing
                 as
                 Heat
                 ?
                 And
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 as
                 usual
                 for
                 Rains
                 to
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 ?
                 And
                 consequently
                 are
                 not
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 as
                 lie
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 as
                 liable
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 moist
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 lie
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 ?
              
               
                 From
                 all
                 which
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 how
                 unsafe
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 Treating
                 of
                 Vegetation
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 upon
                 General
                 Considerations
                 ;
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 examine
                 Particulars
                 ;
                 And
                 that
                 not
                 barely
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 Feed
                 and
                 Gratifie
                 a
                 vain
                 and
                 useless
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 to
                 discover
                 something
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 real
                 Use
                 and
                 Benefit
                 to
                 the
                 Artist
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 his
                 Profession
                 .
                 We
                 shall
                 therefore
                 take
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 such
                 Notions
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 but
                 barely
                 probable
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 advance
                 any
                 general
                 Maxime
                 upon
                 ;
                 and
                 keep
                 our selves
                 from
                 paying
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 defference
                 to
                 the
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 Prepossessed
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 Persons
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 not
                 contenting
                 themselves
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 justly
                 esteemed
                 for
                 their
                 Skill
                 in
                 some
                 Things
                 ,
                 take
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 Rules
                 in
                 others
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 understand
                 .
              
               
                 Every
                 Body
                 knows
                 that
                 Trees
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 Plain
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 dry
                 Earth
                 ,
                 yield
                 more
                 Top-Wood
                 then
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 Forest
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 moist
                 Ground
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 believe
                 it
                 matters
                 not
                 much
                 whether
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 Plain
                 be
                 more
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 Such
                 Positions
                 being
                 in
                 some
                 Countries
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 Vines
                 of
                 Versenay
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 much
                 better
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 that
                 *
                 General
                 Maxim
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
                 —
                 Now
                 he
                 that
                 taking
                 these
                 Words
                 in
                 their
                 strict
                 Literal
                 Sense
                 for
                 an
                 Universal
                 Maxim
                 ,
                 should
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 Maintain
                 and
                 Propagate
                 it
                 by
                 Reasons
                 and
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 would
                 find
                 many
                 Dissenters
                 from
                 this
                 Opinion
                 of
                 his
                 and
                 the
                 Ancients
                 .
              
               
               
                 How
                 Necessary
                 soever
                 the
                 Heat
                 and
                 Influences
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 may
                 be
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 advantageously
                 soever
                 any
                 Plant
                 may
                 be
                 exposed
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 it
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Prospect
                 of
                 the
                 Mid-day
                 ,
                 or
                 Afternoon
                 Sun
                 ,
                 we
                 very
                 seldom
                 see
                 that
                 its
                 Productions
                 are
                 any
                 way
                 Extraordinary
                 .
                 Hence
                 comes
                 that
                 vast
                 Difference
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 Vines
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 all
                 exactly
                 the
                 same
                 Position
                 towards
                 the
                 Sun
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 also
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 Marsh
                 Ground
                 that
                 is
                 wholly
                 Useless
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 Plains
                 that
                 are
                 Rich
                 and
                 Fruitful
                 even
                 without
                 Tillage
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 Mountains
                 that
                 produce
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Pipes
                 of
                 an
                 Organ
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Instrument
                 ,
                 be
                 not
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 made
                 ,
                 to
                 what
                 purpose
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 most
                 Skillful
                 Musicians
                 Hand
                 ?
                 Are
                 not
                 all
                 Mens
                 Souls
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Immaterial
                 Substance
                 ,
                 and
                 equally
                 Perfect
                 in
                 themselves
                 ?
                 To
                 what
                 therefore
                 shall
                 we
                 ascribe
                 that
                 Wonderful
                 Difference
                 we
                 find
                 between
                 the
                 Abilities
                 of
                 Wise
                 Ministers
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 or
                 Great
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 others
                 who
                 are
                 so
                 Dull
                 and
                 Rude
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 capable
                 neither
                 of
                 Ingenious
                 Arts
                 ,
                 nor
                 Common
                 Civility
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Difference
                 of
                 their
                 Temper
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Organs
                 of
                 their
                 Body
                 ?
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 most
                 certain
                 therefore
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Good
                 or
                 Bad
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 chiefly
                 to
                 be
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 Principal
                 Cause
                 of
                 whatsoever
                 Difference
                 we
                 find
                 in
                 its
                 Productions
                 —
                 And
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 uses
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 here
                 further
                 observed
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 grow
                 in
                 large
                 and
                 thick
                 Forests
                 are
                 much
                 taller
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Timber
                 streighter
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 thin
                 Woods
                 or
                 Thickets
                 .
                 —
                 The
                 Reason
                 whereof
                 may
                 be
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 Tree
                 having
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Natural
                 Desire
                 to
                 Enjoy
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Fearing
                 to
                 be
                 stifled
                 by
                 the
                 closeness
                 and
                 over-topping
                 of
                 those
                 next
                 it
                 ,
                 endeavours
                 to
                 raise
                 its
                 Head
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 to
                 reach
                 the
                 free
                 and
                 open
                 Air
                 :
                 And
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 having
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 call
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 Natural
                 Instinct
                 ,
                 each
                 endeavours
                 to
                 overtop
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 grow
                 to
                 a
                 much
                 greater
                 height
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 stand
                 alone
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 such
                 a
                 Forest
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 thick
                 ,
                 the
                 Trees
                 growing
                 up
                 too
                 hastily
                 to
                 an
                 excessive
                 height
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Bulk
                 ,
                 whereas
                 such
                 as
                 grow
                 up
                 more
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 such
                 Necessity
                 of
                 growing
                 high
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 of
                 their
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 grow
                 up
                 leisurely
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 thickness
                 answerable
                 to
                 their
                 height
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 satisfie
                 our
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 Direct
                 the
                 Artist
                 what
                 sort
                 of
                 Trees
                 may
                 be
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 not
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 several
                 purposes
                 in
                 Building
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Reflections
                   upon
                   the
                   Influences
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   in
                   its
                   Wain
                   and
                   Full
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 I
                 Shall
                 now
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 place
                 ,
                 consider
                 those
                 Superstitious
                 Observations
                 our
                 Modern
                 Gard'ners
                 make
                 upon
                 the
                 Influences
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 its
                 Wain
                 and
                 Full.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 they
                 will
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 should
                 look
                 upon
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 nay
                 as
                 downright
                 Folly
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 constant
                 Observation
                 and
                 Practice
                 of
                 all
                 Times
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 —
                 They
                 will
                 tell
                 you
                 that
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 every
                 Friday
                 the
                 Moon
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Wain
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 
                   Good
                   Friday
                
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 for
                 Sowing
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Seeds
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 Sowing
                 upon
                 that
                 day
                 such
                 whose
                 Fruit
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 to
                 be
                 early
                 Ripe
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 perswade
                 you
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 Ripe
                 exactly
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 you
                 expect
                 ,
                 such
                 for
                 Instance
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Melons
                   ,
                   Cucumbers
                   ,
                   Pease
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 —
                 As
                 also
                 that
                 those
                 you
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 to
                 come
                 so
                 soon
                 to
                 their
                 Maturity
                 ,
                 will
                 as
                 exactly
                 Answer
                 your
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 namely
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                   Pot-Herbs
                   ,
                   Coleworts
                   ,
                   Lettuces
                   ,
                   Ofeilles
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 doubtless
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 profound
                 Respect
                 they
                 bear
                 to
                 the
                 day
                 whereon
                 they
                 were
                 set
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 set
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 do
                 quite
                 fail
                 the
                 Gard'ners
                 Expectations
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 convinced
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 gross
                 Delusion
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 also
                 several
                 others
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 received
                 by
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Tradition
                 from
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 namely
                 such
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 That
                 neither
                 Plants
                 ,
                 nor
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 nor
                 
                   Lopped
                   Trees
                
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 quick
                 in
                 Bearing
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 set
                 ,
                 or
                 cut
                 in
                 the
                 Wain
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 so
                 many
                 days
                 as
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 done
                 after
                 the
                 Full
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 years
                 the
                 sooner
                 will
                 the
                 Trees
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 Perfection
                 in
                 Bearing
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 they
                 positively
                 Assert
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 only
                 Reason
                 why
                 some
                 Trees
                 are
                 so
                 long
                 before
                 they
                 Bear
                 ,
                 is
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 either
                 Set
                 ,
                 or
                 Cut
                 ,
                 or
                 Graffed
                 while
                 the
                 Moon
                 was
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Encrease
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 the
                 Full
                 —
                 This
                 they
                 contend
                 for
                 as
                 a
                 
                 matter
                 of
                 Universal
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 beyond
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 or
                 shewn
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 Ridiculous
                 ,
                 whether
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 Things
                 themselves
                 they
                 contend
                 for
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 Proving
                 what
                 they
                 Assert
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Things
                 themselves
                 ,
                 I
                 profess
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 for
                 above
                 30
                 years
                 ,
                 observed
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 exactness
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 several
                 Phases
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 have
                 such
                 different
                 Influences
                 upon
                 Gardening
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 I
                 might
                 follow
                 an
                 Opinion
                 so
                 Universally
                 received
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 prove
                 true
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 all
                 this
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Old
                 Sayings
                 of
                 some
                 Unexperienced
                 and
                 Ignorant
                 Gard'ners
                 ,
                 who
                 designed
                 thereby
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 own
                 Ignorance
                 ,
                 and
                 hoped
                 to
                 be
                 remember'd
                 for
                 such
                 Jargon
                 among
                 such
                 as
                 knew
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Boldest
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Insolent
                 Man
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 should
                 Decry
                 ,
                 or
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 Disprove
                 a
                 Maxim
                 that
                 has
                 obtained
                 for
                 so
                 many
                 Ages
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 mentioned
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Persons
                 so
                 strongly
                 perswaded
                 of
                 its
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Zealous
                 in
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 Experience
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Prejudice
                 ,
                 to
                 confirm
                 what
                 I
                 advance
                 against
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 plaid
                 the
                 Critick
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 Gardening
                 ;
                 and
                 laying
                 aside
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 Authors
                 ,
                 and
                 Modern
                 Practice
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 exposed
                 the
                 Errors
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Faults
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 All
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 with
                 no
                 other
                 Design
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 Confirm
                 and
                 Improve
                 what
                 I
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Undeceive
                 the
                 World
                 in
                 what
                 upon
                 Experience
                 proved
                 to
                 be
                 otherwise
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 among
                 these
                 latter
                 I
                 may
                 justly
                 reckon
                 this
                 Superstitious
                 Observation
                 of
                 the
                 Moons
                 Wain
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 what
                 Quarter
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 soever
                 you
                 Set
                 your
                 Graffs
                 ,
                 provided
                 you
                 do
                 it
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 as
                 are
                 proper
                 for
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 Graffs
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 such
                 Trees
                 as
                 Suit
                 with
                 the
                 Graffs
                 you
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Stock
                 be
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 rightly
                 Qualified
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 neither
                 send
                 up
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 nor
                 too
                 little
                 Sap
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Graff
                 ●e
                 neither
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 nor
                 too
                 weak
                 ,
                 your
                 Experiment
                 will
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 always
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Success
                 :
                 Or
                 if
                 the
                 Graff
                 happen
                 to
                 fail
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 have
                 no
                 occasion
                 to
                 blame
                 your self
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 Sow
                 or
                 Set
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Seeds
                 or
                 Plants
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Quarters
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 will
                 promise
                 you
                 the
                 same
                 Success
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 provided
                 your
                 Earth
                 be
                 good
                 and
                 well
                 prepared
                 ;
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Fault
                 in
                 your
                 Seeds
                 or
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Season
                 be
                 favourable
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 day
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 will
                 be
                 altogether
                 as
                 good
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 as
                 the
                 last
                 .
                 —
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 consider'd
                 the
                 thing
                 it self
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 place
                 ,
                 look
                 into
                 the
                 Absurdity
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 indeed
                 ,
                 how
                 it
                 is
                 possible
                 that
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 one
                 particular
                 Position
                 ,
                 should
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 affect
                 Plants
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 different
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 produce
                 in
                 them
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Effects
                 .
                 —
                 'T
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 rare
                 Secret
                 indeed
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Moon
                 should
                 hold
                 an
                 Intelligence
                 with
                 the
                 Gard'ner
                 ,
                 causing
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Plants
                 to
                 Spring
                 up
                 apace
                 ,
                 and
                 hindering
                 the
                 Growth
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 .
                 —
                 Nothing
                 certainly
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 greater
                 Advantage
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Gardening
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 True
                 ;
                 but
                 since
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 repugnant
                 either
                 to
                 Reason
                 or
                 Experience
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 I
                 hope
                 Men
                 will
                 grow
                 Wiser
                 than
                 to
                 Trouble
                 themselves
                 any
                 longer
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 spare
                 my self
                 the
                 Pains
                 of
                 exposing
                 it
                 any
                 further
                 .
              
            
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
        
         
           
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               OF
               CHAPTERS
               of
               the
               Reflections
               upon
               Agriculture
               .
            
             
               
                 THE
                 Introduction
                 .
                 Page
                 35
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                
                 Reflections
                 on
                 the
                 different
                 Condition
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Fruit-Trees
                 appear
                 in
                 those
                 two
                 different
                 Seasons
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Autumn
                 and
                 
                   Spring
                   .
                   p.
                
                 36
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Origine
                 and
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 p.
                 38
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                
                 Reflections
                 on
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 
                   Sap.
                   p.
                
                 41
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 
                   Sap.
                   p.
                
                 44
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 difference
                 in
                 Saps
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 effects
                 produced
                 in
                 
                   Engraffing
                   .
                   p.
                
                 45
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                
                 Concerning
                 the
                 different
                 eflects
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 
                   Plants
                   .
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 that
                 Opinion
                 which
                 Maintains
                 the
                 Notion
                 of
                 
                   Pores
                   .
                   p.
                
                 47
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                
                 .
                 Some
                 further
                 Considerations
                 upon
                 the
                 Action
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   .
                   p.
                
                 50
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VIII
                
                 .
                 Considerations
                 upon
                 the
                 Vital
                 Principle
                 in
                 
                   Plants
                   .
                   p.
                
                 51
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IX
                
                 .
                 Considerations
                 upon
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Roots
                 to
                 be
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Planting
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
                 p.
                 54
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   X.
                
                 Considerations
                 upon
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 prepared
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Roots
                   .
                   p.
                
                 55
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XI
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Fruit-buds
                   .
                   p.
                
                 57
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XII
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 short
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit-bearing
                 
                   Branches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 58
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIII
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 inward
                 Contexture
                 of
                 
                   Fruit-buds
                   .
                   Ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIV
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 other
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Thickning
                 and
                 Lengthning
                 of
                 
                   Branches
                   .
                   p.
                
                 60
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XV.
                
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 some
                 other
                 Effects
                 proceeding
                 from
                 the
                 greater
                 and
                 lesser
                 Quantity
                 of
                 
                   Sap.
                   p.
                
                 61
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVI
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Branches
                 shooting
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 .
                 p.
                 62
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVII
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 different
                 Effects
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 Outward
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Plants
                   .
                   p.
                
                 64
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XVIII
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 their
                 Opinion
                 that
                 maintains
                 the
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sap.
                   p.
                
                 69
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XIX
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Opinion
                 that
                 maintains
                 the
                 Conveyance
                 of
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 through
                 the
                 upper
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Plant.
                   p.
                
                 72
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XX.
                
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 undistinguishable
                 likeness
                 of
                 the
                 Sap
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Wood
                   ,
                   Leaves
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Fruit.
                   p.
                
                 73
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXI
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 from
                 the
                 Generation
                 of
                 Animals
                 Argue
                 concerning
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 
                   Fruits
                   .
                   p.
                
                 74
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   XXII
                
                 .
                 Reflections
                 upon
                 the
                 Influences
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 its
                 Wain
                 and
                 Full
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                   p.
                
                 78
              
            
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A49578-e590
           
             Verbatim
             .
             Marsh
             Gard'ners
             .
          
           
             The
             Original
             of
             the
             Diversity
             of
             
               Gardens
               .
               Ex
               ea
               vives
               in
               laboribus
               omnibus
               diebus
               vitae
               tuae
               .
            
             Genes
             .
             cap.
             v.
             
          
           
             Flower
             Gard'ners
             or
             Florish
             .
          
           
             D
             〈…〉
             pez
             .
          
           
             Market
             or
             Marsh
             or
             Kitchin-Gard'ners
             .
          
           
             Nursery
             Gard'ners
             ▪
             Botanists
             .
          
           
             Agriculture
             is
             an
             Art
             truly
             noble
             ,
             and
             capable
             to
             ennoble
             its
             worthy
             professours
             ;
             most
             of
             which
             are
             so
             generous
             and
             communicative
             ,
             that
             they
             take
             an
             extreme
             Pleasure
             in
             letting
             the
             whole
             World
             see
             their
             Works
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             happen
             tomake
             any
             prosperous
             experiment
             ,
             they
             have
             no
             greater
             ,
             joy
             than
             to
             declareto
             such
             as
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             know
             them
             ;
             the
             means
             they
             used
             to
             succeed
             in
             it
             ,
             whereas
             commonly
             the
             humour
             of
             other
             Artists
             is
             to
             make
             a
             Mystery
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             and
             disingenuously
             to
             keep
             to
             themselves
             alone
             ,
             the
             new
             Discoveries
             they
             have
             made
             in
             their
             Art.
             Xenoph●n
             ,
          
           
             Colum●'la
             ,
             Cato
             ,
             Varre
             ,
             Theophrastus
             ,
             Xenoph●n
             ,
             Geopenna
             .
          
           
             
               Under
               the
               Title
               of
            
             Memoires
             of
             the
             Curate
             of
             Enonville
             .
          
           
             As
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             of
             great
             use
             ,
             to
             work
             skilfully
             in
             Agriculture
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             much
             more
             pernicious
             to
             do
             any
             thing
             in
             it
             ill
             ,
             than
             to
             do
             nothing
             at
             all
             .
             
               Xencplion
               .
               Sola
               res
               rustica
               qua
               sine
               dul
               tatione
               prexima
               ,
               &
               quasi
               consanguinea
               sapientiae
               est
               ,
               ta●
               disientibus
               eges
               quam
               Magistris
               .
            
             Columella
             .
          
           
             
               Virum
               bonum
               cum
               Antiqui
               Laudabant
               ,
               Bonum
               Agricolam
               ,
               benumque
               Colcnum
               pradicabant
               ,
               &
               amplissimè
               laudatum
               existimabant
               .
            
             Says
             Cate
             ,
             i.
             e.
             When
             the
             Ancients
             praised
             any
             good
             Man
             ,
             they
             called
             him
             a
             good
             Husbandman
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             Plow-man
             ,
             thinking
             that
             the
             highest
             Compliment
             imaginable
             .
          
           
             The
             Division
             of
             the
             following
             Work.
             The
             substance
             of
             the
             first
             part
             .
          
           
             The
             substance
             of
             the
             second
             part
             .
          
           
             The
             Substance
             of
             the
             third
             part
             .
          
           
             The
             Substànce
             of
             the
             fourth
             part
             .
          
           
             Primui
             vere
             Rosem
             ,
             atque
             Autumno
             carpere
             Poma
             .
             
               Virg.
               Gurg
            
             .
             〈◊〉
             4.
             
          
           
             Cui
             pauca
             velic●i
             iugera
             ruris
             .
             Extant
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
             Laudato
             ingentia
             rura
             ,
             Exignum
             colito
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             Serâque
             revertens
             nocte
             domum
             ,
             dapibus
             mensas
             encrabat
             inemptis
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             F●cundier
             est
             culta
             exiguitas
             ,
             quàm
             neglecta
             magnitude
             .
             Palladim
             .
          
           
             Summa
             emniu●
             in
             h●c
             spectanda
             fuit
             ,
             ut
             fructus
             is
             maximè
             probaretur
             ,
             qui
             quam
             minimo
             impendio
             censt
             at
             ur●s
             esset
             .
             Pliniu●
             .
          
           
             Ornari
             res
             ipsa
             negat
             ,
             contenta
             doceri
             .
             Horace
             .
          
           
             Nonnulla
             Relinquenda
             Auditori
             ,
             quae
             suo
             Marte
             colligat
             .
             
               Deme●r●us
               Phalereus
               de
               Elecutione
            
             .
             Qui
             omnia
             exponit
             Audit
             ri
             ,
             vol
             Lectori
             ,
             ut
             nullâ
             mente
             piaedito
             ,
             Similis
             est
             el
             qui
             Auditorem
             vel
             Lectorem
             improbat
             atque
             Coutemnit
             .
          
           
             Dimidium
             fact
             i
             qui
             benè
             coepit
             ,
             habet
             .
             Ovid.
             A
             works
             half
             done
             that
             's
             well
             begun
             .
          
           
             Ignarosque
             vi●mecum
             miseratus
             agrestes
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             1.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e9730
           
             The
             K.
             of
             France's
             Aqueducts
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e30970
           
             Ipsa
             ratio
             arandi
             spe
             magis
             &
             jucunditate
             ,
             quam
             fructu
             ,
             atque
             emolumento
             tenetur
             ,
             
               &c.
               Cicero
            
             .
          
           
             Honestis
             manibus
             omnia
             melius
             proveniunt
             ,
             quoniam
             &
             curiosius
             fiunt
             .
             Plinius
             .
          
           
             In
             foelix
             ager
             ,
             cujus
             Dominus
             Villicum
             audit
             ,
             non
             docet
             .
             Columella
             .
          
           
             
               This
               is
               contrary
               to
               the
               Opinion
               of
            
             Theophrastus
             ,
             
               who
               says
            
             ,
             Stultum
             est
             amittere
             radices
             ,
             quas
             habemus
             ,
             ut
             acquiramus
             novas
             .
             
               Contra
               Xenoph.
            
             
          
           
             Vitio
             nostro
             agricultura
             male
             cedit
             ,
             qui
             rem
             rusticam
             pessimo
             cuique
             servorum
             velut
             carnifici
             noxae
             dedimus
             ,
             quam
             majorum
             nostrorum
             optimus
             quisque
             optime
             tractavit
             .
             Columella
             .
          
           
             Pater
             ipse
             colendi
             ,
             haud
             facilem
             esse
             viam
             voluit
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             1.
             
             Labor
             omnia
             vincit
             improbus
             ,
             &
             duris
             urgens
             in
             rebus
             egestas
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             In
             rebus
             agrestibus
             maxime
             officia
             Juvenum
             ,
             &
             imperia
             senum
             congruunt
             .
             Palladius
             .
          
           
             We
             must
             dread
             Gard'ners
             who
             prefer
             their
             Interest
             to
             their
             Honour
             and
             Reputation
             .
             Xenoph.
             
          
           
             Quippe
             etiam
             festis
             ,
             quadam
             exercere
             diebus
             ,
             fas
             &
             jura
             sinunt
             .
             
               Virg.
               Geor.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             Villicus
             neque
             venandi
             ,
             neque
             occupandi
             ,
             neque
             negotiandi
             studio
             occupetur
             ,
             sit
             in
             opere
             primus
             ,
             &
             ultimus
             ,
             ne
             quia
             s●ire
             se
             putet
             ,
             quod
             nesciat
             ,
             nec
             plus
             conseat
             se
             sapere
             quam
             Dominum
             .
             Plin.
             Primus
             vere
             rosam
             ,
             atque
             Autumno
             carpere
             Ponia
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             Vine
             of
             an
             unskilful
             Vine-dresser
             ,
             and
             the
             Trees
             of
             an
             ignorant
             Gard'ner
             ,
             seldom
             produce
             any
             thing
             beyond
             abundance
             of
             Leaves
             ,
             instead
             of
             the
             quantity
             of
             Fruit
             they
             should
             have
             born
             ,
             had
             they
             been
             well
             pruin'd
             .
             Xenoph.
             The
             Skill
             of
             the
             Master
             makes
             good
             Disciples
             ,
             and
             we
             seldom
             find
             good
             Servants
             in
             the
             House
             of
             a
             lazy
             unthrifty
             Master
             .
             Xenophon
             .
          
           
             Distrust
             those
             Gard'ners
             who
             boast
             of
             knowing
             what
             they
             are
             Ignorant
             of
             .
             Xenophon
             .
          
           
             No
             Gard'ner
             can
             be
             good
             unless
             Skilful
             and
             Ignorance
             is
             the
             greatest
             Defect
             he
             can
             possibly
             have
             .
             Zenophon
             .
          
           
             Ét
             vocavit
             Deus
             aridam
             terram
             .
             
               Gen.
               cap.
               1.
               v.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             Germinet
             terra
             herbam
             virentem
             ,
             &c.
             
               Gen.
               cap.
               1.
               v.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             Spinas
             ,
             &
             tribulos
             germinabit
             tibi
             ,
             &c.
             
               Gen.
               cap.
               3.
               v.
            
             18.
             
             In
             laboribus
             comedes
             ex
             ea
             cunctis
             diebus
             vitae
             tuae
             .
             
               Gen.
               cap.
               3.
               v.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             Sponte
             sua
             quae
             se
             tollunt
             in
             luminis
             aur
             as
             ,
             infaecunda
             quidem
             ,
             sed
             laeta
             ,
             &
             fortia
             surgunt
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             Loquere
             terrae
             ,
             &
             respondebit
             tibi
             ,
             &c.
             Iob.
             
          
           
             Nec
             vero
             terrae
             ferre
             omnes
             omnia
             possunt
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             Quid
             faciat
             l●tas
             segetes
             ,
             
               &c.
               Virg.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             Optima
             putri
             arva
             solo
             :
             id
             venti
             curant
             ,
             gelidaeque
             pruinae
             ,
             &
             labefacta
             movens
             robustus
             jugera
             fossor
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Cumulosque
             ruit
             male
             pinguts
             arenae
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             At
             quae
             pinguis
             humus
             ,
             dulcique
             uligine
             laeta
             ,
             quique
             frequens
             herbis
             &
             fertilis
             ubere
             campus
             .
             
               Georg.
               2.
               &
               paulo
               post
            
             .
             Hic
             tibi
             praevalidas
             olim
             ,
             multoque
             fluentes
             sufficiet
             Baccho
             vites
             hic
             fertilis
             uvae
             ,
             &c.
             
             Georg.
             2.
             
             Densa
             ,
             magis
             Cereri
             :
             rarissima
             quaeque
             Lyaeo
             .
             
               Et
               superlus
            
             .
             Alter
             a
             frumentis
             quoniam
             favet
             ,
             altera
             Baccho
             .
             
               Ibidem
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             Sponte
             sua
             quae
             se
             tollunt
             in
             Luminis
             auras
             ,
             infoecunda
             quidem
             ;
             sed
             laeta
             ,
             &
             fortia
             surgunt
             ,
             quippe
             sol●
             natura
             subest
             .
             Georg.
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Sape
             etiam
             steriles
             incendere
             profuit
             agros
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             Nigra
             fere
             &
             presso
             pinguis
             sub
             vomere
             terra
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             The
             usual
             advantages
             of
             rising
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             Triste
             Lupus
             stabulis
             ,
             maturis
             frugibus
             imbres
             ,
             arboribus
             venti
             ,
             &c.
             
               Virgil
               .
               buc
               .
               Ecl.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             Aqua
             nutrix
             omnium
             virgultorum
             ,
             &
             diversos
             singulis
             usus
             ministrat
             ,
             &c.
             
             
               Ex
               D.
               Hieronimo
            
             .
          
           
             Anima
             mea
             ,
             sicut
             terra
             sine
             aqua
             .
             
               Psal
               .
               Reg.
            
             
          
           
             Optima
             stercoratio
             vestigia
             domini
             .
             
               Ex
               Plntarch
            
             .
          
           
             At
             sceleratum
             exquirere
             frigus
             difficile
             est
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
             Labor
             omnia
             vincit
             improbus
             ,
             &c.
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             Exigua
             tantum
             gelidus
             ros
             nocte
             reponet
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Et
             cui
             putre
             solum
             (
             namque
             hoc
             imi
             tamur
             arando
             .
             )
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Optima
             putri
             arva
             solo
             ;
             id
             venti
             curant
             ,
             gelidaeque
             pruinae
             ,
             &
             labefacta
             movens
             ,
             robustus
             jugera
             fossōr
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Prima
             Ceres
             ferro
             mortales
             vertere
             terram
             instituit
             ,
             cum
             jam
             glandes
             ,
             atque
             arbuta
             sacrae
             deficerent
             silvae
             ,
             &
             victum
             dodona
             negaret
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             Cultaque
             frequenti
             in
             quascumque
             voces
             artes
             ,
             haud
             tarda
             sequentur
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Omne
             quot
             annis
             terque
             quaterque
             solum
             scindendum
             ,
             gl●baque
             versis
             .
             Aeternum
             ●rangenda
             bidentibus
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Et
             caeca
             relaxat
             spiran
             enta
             ,
             novas
             veniat
             qua
             ,
             succus
             in
             herbas
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             〈…〉
             cetque
             fre
             〈…〉
             llqrem
             ,
             〈…〉
             perat
             〈…〉
             g.
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Rapidive
             potentia
             solis
             ac●●or
             ,
             aut
             boreae
             penetrabile
             frigus
             adurat
             .
             Georg.
             1.
             
          
           
             Fundit
             humo
             facilem
             victum
             justissima
             tel
             〈◊〉
             .
             George
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             Germinet
             terra
             herbam
             vitentem
             ,
             &c.
             Genese
             .
          
           
             Arida
             tantum
             ne
             saturare
             fimo
             pingui
             pudeat
             sola
             ,
             &c.
             
             Georg.
             1.
             
             Humida
             majores
             herbas
             alit
             ,
             ipsaque
             justo
             laetior
             ,
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             The
             variety
             of
             Dungs
             .
          
           
             The
             choice
             of
             Dung.
             
          
           
             Proper
             times
             to
             turn
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Et
             cui
             putre
             solum
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             No
             Dung
             for
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Et
             quid
             quaeque
             fer
             at
             regio
             ,
             &
             quid
             quaeque
             recuset
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               Georg.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             The
             Design
             of
             the
             Order
             of
             this
             Part.
             
          
           
             Advertisements
             .
          
           
             
               Melior
               est
               culta
               exiguitas
               ,
               quam
               neglecta
               magnitudo
               .
               i.
               e.
            
             A
             little
             Ground
             well
             tilled
             ,
             is
             better
             than
             a
             great
             deal
             that
             lies
             neglected
             .
             Palladius
             .
          
           
             Res
             Agrestis
             est
             infidiosissima
             cunctanti
             .
             Columella
             .
             Imbecillior
             ager
             ,
             quam
             Agriola
             esse
             debet
             ,
             quomam
             cum
             sit
             cum
             eo
             colluctandum
             ,
             si
             fundus
             praevaleat
             ,
             allidit
             Dominum
             .
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             Gravem
             patitur
             Tributis
             creditorem
             ,
             qui
             Agrum
             colit
             ,
             cui
             sine
             spe
             Absolutionis
             astrictus
             est
             .
             Palladius
             .
          
           
             Non
             aliter
             qui
             adverso
             vix
             flumine
             lembum
             ,
             remigiis
             subigit
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
               1.
               
               My
               Taste
               and
               Judgment
               in
            
             Pears
             .
          
           
             What
             is
             to
             be
             thought
             of
             
               Fruit
               Pyramids
            
             ,
             and
             how
             they
             are
             to
             be
             order'd
             .
             In
             this
             and
             the
             two
             next
             Paragraphs
             .
          
           
             Whether
             it
             be
             fit
             to
             Plant
             any
             Dwarf-trees
             in
             little
             Gardens
             .
          
           
             What
             Sorts
             of
             Dwarf-fruit-trees
             are
             fittest
             to
             be
             Planted
             in
             little
             Gardens
             .
             And
             first
             ,
             what
             Trees
             not
             proper
             ,
             and
             why
             ?
          
           
             The
             Pear-tree
             of
             all
             the
             most
             proper
             to
             be
             Planted
             in
             little
             Gardens
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             What
             the
             Author
             advises
             to
             Gentlemen
             over
             hasty
             for
             Fruit
             ,
             with
             the
             Inconveniences
             following
             it
             .
          
           
             What
             Method
             may
             be
             taken
             in
             spacious
             Gardens
             to
             have
             Fruit
             both
             soon
             and
             fair
             ,
             while
             their
             principal
             Garden
             is
             growing
             to
             Perfection
             .
          
           
             The
             Effects
             of
             the
             Difference
             of
             Climates
             .
          
           
             As
             also
             of
             the
             Difference
             of
             Soils
             ,
             and
             Tempers
             of
             Years
             in
             the
             same
             Climate
          
           
             Autumn
             and
             
             Winter-fruits
             not
             to
             hang
             too
             long
             on
             the
             Trees
             .
          
           
             The
             Ripening
             of
             Muscat-Grapes
             a
             certain
             Rule
             to
             know
             the
             temper
             of
             th●
             Year
             and
             Soil
             ,
             and
             the
             Ripeness
             of
             other
             Fruits
             by
             .
          
           
             Four
             several
             Seasons
             of
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             how
             reckoned
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             
             Summer-Season
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             June
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             July
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             August
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             September
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             October
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             November
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             December
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             in
             January
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             of
             
               February
               ,
               March
            
             and
             April
             .
          
           
             Precedence
             of
             Maturity
             according
             to
             the
             difference
             of
             Expositions
             .
          
           
             The
             ordinary
             lasting
             of
             the
             Fruits
             of
             every
             sort
             of
             Tree
             .
             And
             first
             of
             
             Summer-Fruits
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             of
             those
             of
             the
             beginning
             of
             Autumn
             ;
             and
             ,
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             of
             the
             Fruits
             of
             the
             latter
             Season
             ,
             and
             of
             Winter
             .
          
           
             A
             Winter
             Boncretien
             preferr'd
             to
             the
             first
             place
             .
          
           
             Reasons
             for
             the
             Preference
             of
             the
             
               Winter
               Boncretien
            
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Antiquity
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             old
             Roman
             Name
             ,
             Volemum
             or
             Crustumium
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Modern
             Name
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             and
             Praises
             of
             this
             Pear
             .
          
           
             Tyger-babbs
             ,
             a
             pernicious
             Insect
             infesting
             Wall-pears
             .
          
           
             No
             really
             different
             kinds
             o
             〈…〉
             Winter-Boncretien
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             and
             Commendation
             of
             the
             Butter-pear
             .
          
           
             The
             Conditions
             necessary
             to
             constitute
             an
             Excellent
             Pear
             .
          
           
             The
             Autumn
             Bergamot
             ,
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             place
             adjudged
             to
             a
             Dwarf-pear-tree
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Butter-pear
             is
             to
             be
             prefered
             to
             the
             Virgoulee
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             prevent
             the
             ill
             Taste
             in
             Virgoulee-Pears
             ,
             and
             from
             what
             Cause
             that
             Taste
             proceeds
             .
          
           
             The
             Marks
             of
             goodness
             or
             badness
             in
             Virgoulee-pears
             .
          
           
             A
             singular
             Remark
             about
             Virgoulee-pears
             .
          
           
             November
             ,
             December
             and
             January
             .
          
           
             November
             ,
             December
             and
             January
             .
          
           
             November
             ,
             December
             and
             January
             .
          
           
             November
             ,
             December
             and
             January
             .
          
           
             The
             Russelet
             or
             Russetin-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             Compote
             ,
             Fruit
             stew'd
             in
             Sugar
             ,
             after
             a
             manner
             peculiar
             to
             the
             French.
             
          
           
             August
             and
             September
             .
             The
             several
             Names
             of
             the
             Robine-pear
             .
          
           
             The
             Robine-pear
             Described
             and
             Commended
             .
          
           
             Its
             Desects
             .
          
           
             The
             Crasanne
             its
             Names
             ,
             and
             why
             given
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             
               S.
               Germain-pear
            
             ;
             Its
             Names
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Marchioness
               Pear
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Colmar-pear
             ;
             its
             Names
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Petit-oin
             ,
             its
             names
             ,
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Louise-bonne
             ,
             or
             Good-Louise-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Verte-Longue
             ,
             or
             Long-green-Pear
             .
             Its
             Names
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Lansac-Pear
             .
             Its
             Names
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             A.
             November
             and
             December
             .
             B.
             November
             .
             C.
             November
             ,
             December
             and
             January
             .
             D.
             November
             ,
             December
             ,
             January
             and
             February
             .
             E.
             November
             and
             December
             .
             F.
             Middle-October
             .
             G.
             October
             .
          
           
             Directions
             how
             to
             accommodate
             our
             ground
             to
             all
             sorts
             of
             Trees
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Dry
               Martin
            
             ,
             its
             Names
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Messire-John
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Portal-Pear
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             and
             good
             Qualities
             .
          
           
             
               The
               St.
            
             Augustin-Pear
             .
          
           
             Several
             different
             sorts
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             End
             of
             December
             .
             A.
             Mid
             -
             October
             .
             B.
             September
             and
             October
             .
          
           
             The
             Little
             Muscat-pear
             .
             
               It
               s
               Praise
            
             .
          
           
             A.
             The
             Beginning
             of
             July
             .
             B.
             The
             Beginning
             of
             July
             .
          
           
             The
             middle
             of
             July
             .
          
           
             The
             Muscat-Robert
             ,
             its
             names
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Vine-pear
             ,
             its
             Names
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             Mid
             -
             July
             .
          
           
             The
             Skinless-pear
             ;
             its
             Names
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Flowry-Muscat
             describ'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Musked
             Summer
             Boncretien
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Orange-green-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Doyenne
             or
             Dean-pear
             ,
             its
             names
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             Besi
             de
             la
             Motte
             ,
             
               a
               new
            
             Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Summer-Pear-trees
             Specified
             .
          
           
             The
             Autumn-Pears
             Specified
             .
          
           
             The
             Winter-Pears
             ,
             Specified
             .
          
           
             August
             .
          
           
             End
             of
             October
             ,
             Mid
             -
             November
             .
          
           
             Entrance
             of
             July
             .
             End
             of
             July
             .
          
           
             February
             ,
             and
             March.
             
          
           
             The
             Summer-Pear
             Specified
             .
          
           
             Those
             of
             Autumn
             Specified
             .
          
           
             Those
             of
             Winter
             Specified
             .
          
           
             The
             Bourdon
             ,
             or
             Humble-Bee-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Espargne
             ,
             or
             Reserve-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Maudlin-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Sugar-green-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Bugi
             ,
             or
             Easter-Bergamot
             Described
             .
          
           
             Mid
             -
             July
             .
          
           
             October
             and
             November
             .
          
           
             The
             Double-Flower
             ,
             or
             Double-Flower'd-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Frank-Royal
               Pear
            
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Angober-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Besidery-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             Great-Onionet
             ,
             or
             Onion-Pear
             .
             Its
             Names
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Ronville-Pear
             Described
             .
          
           
             Its
             Faults
             .
          
           
             The
             Sranish-Boucretien-Pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Salviatipear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Musked-Blanquet
             ,
             or
             White-pear
             ;
             Its
             Season
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Pastourelle
               pear
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             Butter-Pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Cat-burnt
             ,
             or
             Maiden-Pear
             described
             .
          
           
             *
             It
             s
             Description
             is
             after
             that
             of
             the
             Pound-pear
             .
          
           
             The
             Pound-pear
             ,
             its
             Names
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             Russelin-pear
             ,
             its
             Names
             :
          
           
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             *
             See
             its
             description
             next
             to
             that
             of
             the
             Bouchet
             ,
             after
             the
             end
             of
             the
             fourth
             hundred
             of
             trees
             .
          
           
             The
             Bouchet-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Pendar
             ,
             or
             Hanging-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Cat-pear
             ,
             its
             Season
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Besi
               de
               Caissoy-pear
            
             ,
             or
             Russet
             of
             Anjou
             ;
             its
             Season
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             The
             St.
             Francis-pear
             described
             in
             short
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Musked
               Orange-pear
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Greai
               Frement
            
             described
             .
          
           
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Commend
             ;
             if
             you
             please
             ,
             large
             Fields
             ,
             but
             chuse
             but
             little
             ones
             to
             cultivate
             .
          
           
             The
             Carmelite-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             *
             Though
             these
             three
             last
             kinds
             are
             here
             counted
             in
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Dwarf-trees
             for
             
             Winter-fruit
             ,
             yet
             they
             come
             in
             Season
             all
             three
             in
             Autumn
             ,
             but
             that
             need
             not
             disturb
             the
             order
             here
             observed
             .
             The
             Rose-pear
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Caillot-rosat
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Villain-pear
             of
             Anjou
             ,
             it
             s
             other
             Names
             and
             Description
             .
          
           
             What
             
               Summer-Pear
               Standards
            
             are
             fit
             to
             be
             Planted
             .
          
           
             What
             Autumnal
             ones
             ,
             and
             what
             Winter
             ones
             .
          
           
             Bakeing
             and
             Preserving
             Pears
             ,
             with
             Cherries
             ,
             &c.
             and
             Apples
             ,
             &c.
             best
             Planted
             apart
             in
             separate
             Orchards
             .
          
           
             Standards
             to
             be
             much
             less
             Trimmed
             in
             their
             Heads
             than
             Dwarfs
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             bear
             so
             much
             the
             sooner
             .
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             places
             near
             High-ways
             ,
             where
             many
             People
             pass
             .
          
           
             To
             what
             Pear-Trees
             the
             Wall
             is
             absolutely
             necessary
             .
          
           
             Seven
             principal
             sorts
             of
             Fating
             and
             Preserving
             Apples
             .
          
           
             Other
             sorts
             less
             valuable
             ,
             but
             yet
             good
             .
          
           
             Apples
             described
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             The
             Two
             sorts
             of
             
               Pippins
               ,
               Gray
            
             and
             VVhite
             .
          
           
             Their
             Season
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Summer
             and
             Autumn-Calvills
             .
             described
             .
          
           
             Their
             Season
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Fennellet
             ,
             Fennell-Apple
             ,
             described
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Season
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Cour-pendu
             ,
             or
             short-stalk'd
             Apple
             ,
             described
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Season
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Api
             described
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Season
             and
             Character
             ,
          
           
             The
             Violet-Apple
             described
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Character
             and
             Season
             .
          
           
             Other
             pretended
             Violet-Apples
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Black
               Ice-Apple
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Rambour
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Cousinottes
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Orgerans
             of
             little
             worth
             .
             The
             Star-Apple
             described
             .
          
           
             Jerusalem-Apples
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             English-Pairmain
             described
             .
          
           
             Golden-Pippins
             described
             .
          
           
             Ice-Apples
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Francatu's
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Haute-bonte's
               High-goodnesses
            
             ,
             or
             Blandilalies
             ,
             described
             .
             The
             Rouvezeau's
             described
             .
             The
             Chesnut-Apples
             described
             .
             The
             Blossomless
             ,
             or
             Flowerless-Apple
             ,
             otherwise
             the
             Fig-Apple
             ,
             described
             .
             The
             Petit-bon
             ,
             or
             Little-good
             .
             The
             Rose-Apple
             described
             .
          
           
             Paradise-Apple-stocks
             ,
             how
             commodious
             to
             graft
             the
             best
             Apple-Trees
             upon
             .
          
           
             They
             may
             be
             fitly
             placed
             between
             the
             Dwarf-pear-trees
             planted
             about
             〈◊〉
             Squares
             in
             Kitchin-gardens
             .
          
           
             What
             proportion
             of
             Trees
             of
             each
             choice
             sort
             of
             Apples
             ,
             it
             is
             best
             to
             plant
             ,
             from
             the
             total
             Number
             of
             Fifty
             ,
             to
             several
             Hundreds
             .
          
           
             What
             sorts
             of
             Apple-trees
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             proportion
             ,
             it
             is
             best
             to
             plant
             in
             little
             Gardens
             .
          
           
             The
             Inconveniencies
             of
             great
             Dwarf-Apple-trees
             ,
             on
             Crab-stocks
             ,
             &c.
             
             Great
             Standards
             in
             separate
             Orchards
             ,
             best
             for
             Apples
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             be
             managed
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             quan
             〈…〉
             of
             Walls
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             several
             Figures
             of
             Gardens
             ,
             and
             their
             convenience
             ,
             or
             inconvenience
             .
          
           
             The
             number
             of
             Expositions
             and
             that
             it
             cannot
             exceed
             four
             .
          
           
             What
             is
             meant
             by
             Expositions
             .
          
           
             
               The
               four
            
             Expositions
             ,
             Easterly
             ,
             VVesterly
             .
             Northerly
             and
             Southerly
             ,
             
               defined
               and
               explained
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Sun
             always
             shines
             upon
             two
             Walls
             at
             once
             and
             how
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Sun
             seems
             to
             stand
             ,
             and
             shines
             a
             small
             moment
             upon
             the
             three
             Walls
             at
             once
             .
          
           
             What
             is
             the
             extent
             and
             content
             of
             an
             Arpent
             ,
             or
             
               Paris
               Acre
            
             .
          
           
             What
             quantity
             of
             compass
             such
             an
             Acre
             or
             Arpent
             may
             have
             ,
             and
             what
             Walling
             it
             may
             require
             in
             several
             sorts
             of
             Figures
             ,
             as
             a
             perfect
             Squaes
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             A
             pretty
             Geometrical
             remark
             upon
             subinclosures
             made
             out
             of
             greater
             ones
             .
          
           
             The
             number
             and
             distances
             of
             Trees
             to
             be
             ordered
             according
             to
             the
             different
             height
             of
             the
             Walls
             ,
             or
             quality
             of
             the
             Ground
             .
          
           
             A
             Difficulty
             explained
             in
             ordering
             of
             wall-trees
             .
             In
             what
             case
             ,
             even
             in
             good
             Soils
             ,
             they
             are
             to
             be
             placed
             nearer
             one
             another
             ,
             than
             otherwise
             .
          
           
             Of
             what
             height
             Walls
             ought
             to
             be
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             allowable
             proportions
             of
             that
             height
             ,
             viz.
             never
             to
             be
             less
             than
             7
             or
             8
             ,
             and
             never
             more
             than
             15
             or
             16
             Foot.
             
          
           
             Leaning
             Walls
             not
             proper
             .
          
           
             Grapes
             require
             the
             least
             distance
             of
             any
             wall-fruit
             .
          
           
             Fig-trees
             need
             most
             of
             any
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             Trees
             in
             relation
             to
             distances
             ,
             divided
             into
             Two
             Classes
             ,
             viz.
             1.
             requiring
             large
             distances
             ,
             and
             2.
             requiring
             smaller
             ;
             and
             what
             Fruits
             belong
             to
             each
             .
             The
             chief
             Rules
             for
             distances
             taken
             from
             the
             height
             of
             the
             walls
             ,
             and
             quality
             of
             the
             Soil
             .
             Rules
             for
             the
             first
             size
             of
             walls
             of
             Seven
             or
             Eight
             Foot
             high
             .
             The
             distance
             .
          
           
             Reasons
             for
             the
             distance
             of
             12
             Foot
             sometimes
             in
             Plantations
             a-against
             such
             walls
             .
          
           
             Objected
             Inconveniences
             and
             Fears
             Answered
             and
             Remedied
             .
          
           
             Rules
             for
             walls
             of
             between
             Nine
             and
             Eleven
             Foot.
             
          
           
             Rules
             for
             walls
             of
             Eleven
             or
             Twelve
             Foot.
             
          
           
             The
             Author
             will
             suppose
             all
             walls
             about
             the
             height
             of
             9
             Foot
             ,
             being
             the
             most
             ordinary
             height
             ,
             and
             all
             grounds
             to
             be
             of
             a
             midling
             goodness
             ,
             and
             lay
             down
             his
             general
             directions
             according
             to
             that
             Foot.
             
          
           
             The
             pretensions
             of
             Grapes
             to
             the
             first
             place
             in
             a
             wall-plantation
             .
          
           
             The
             praises
             of
             that
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             All
             Fruits
             thrive
             not
             every
             where
             .
          
           
             Divisae
             arboribus
             Patria
             ,
             Trees
             
               are
               distinguished
               by
               their
               several
               Countries
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Men
               ,
            
             Virg.
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             How
             many
             sorts
             there
             are
             of
             Muscat
             ,
             or
             
               Muscatel
               Grapes
            
             .
             The
             Muscat
             ,
             the
             best
             Grapes
             that
             ripen
             in
             the
             Paris
             Climate
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             described
             all
             the
             good
             qualities
             of
             an
             excellent
             Grape
             .
          
           
             The
             Pretensions
             and
             Praises
             of
             Peaches
             .
          
           
             Those
             Peaches
             most
             admirable
             that
             grow
             in
             the
             open
             Air
             ,
             and
             why
             .
             But
             such
             not
             to
             be
             had
             in
             Paris
             Climate
             ,
             but
             in
             some
             City-Gardens
             favoured
             by
             lofty
             w●ls
             ,
             or
             
               〈…〉
               dings
            
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             draw
             out
             the
             bearing
             Branches
             to
             give
             the
             Fruit
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             open
             Air
             till
             they
             are
             ripe
             .
          
           
             The
             effect
             of
             that
             Method
             .
          
           
             What
             Peaches
             will
             not
             suffer
             that
             method
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             Country-Gardens
             not
             fit
             for
             Dwarf-peach-trees
             ,
             but
             only
             for
             wall-ones
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             The
             Authours
             Plea
             for
             ,
             and
             Commendation
             of
             Choice
             Plums
             .
          
           
             The
             wall
             produces
             a
             better
             effect
             in
             Plums
             than
             in
             other
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             Figs
             at
             last
             preferred
             to
             the
             first
             Wall
             Station
             .
             Their
             Elogy
             .
          
           
             *
             As
             rare
             as
             a
             rare
             good
             Musk-melon
             .
          
           
             Figs
             not
             hurtful
             to
             the
             health
             .
          
           
             Fig-trees
             bear
             twice
             a
             year
             .
             The
             first
             Figs
             called
             Fig-flowers
             ,
             and
             the
             others
             
               second
               Figs.
            
             
          
           
             The
             latter
             Figs
             best
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             But
             two
             sorts
             of
             Figs
             excellent
             in
             France
             ,
             viz.
             the
             
               great
               round
            
             ,
             and
             
               great
               long
               white
               Figs.
            
             The
             long
             best
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             Compared
             with
             other
             Figs.
             
          
           
             The
             good
             qualities
             required
             in
             an
             excellent
             Fig.
             
          
           
             A
             Catalogue
             of
             some
             other
             sorts
             .
             The
             
               Black
               Fig
            
             described
             .
             It
             s
             Character
             .
          
           
             Great
             Yellow
             Fig
             described
             .
          
           
             Great
             Violet
             Figs
             long
             and
             flat
             ,
             
               little
               worth
               .
               The
            
             Green
             Fig
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             little
             gray
             Fig.
             or
             Mellete
             
               described
               .
               The
            
             Medot
             Yellow
             Fig.
             Another
             Black
             Fig
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Small
             white
             or
             Hasting
             Fig.
             
          
           
             The
             
               little
               Bourjassete
               Fig
            
             described
             ,
             good
             but
             not
             Fruitful
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Angelick
               Fig
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             Avant
             ,
             or
             
               Forward
               white
               Peach
            
             described
             .
             Ripe
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             July
             .
             The
             
               Trey
               Peach
            
             described
             ,
             ripe
             at
             the
             end
             of
             July
             ,
             and
             entrance
             of
             August
             .
          
           
             Peaches
             that
             ripen
             in
             August
             .
          
           
             September
             Peaches
             
          
           
             The
             Nivettes
             come
             in
             when
             the
             Admirables
             are
             going
             out
             and
             are
             also
             excellent
             .
             The
             
               Pau
               ,
               white
               Andillis
            
             ,
             and
             
               Narbon
               Peaches
            
             ,
             ripe
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             and
             are
             fair
             ,
             but
             not
             good
             .
          
           
             October
             Peaches
             .
          
           
             The
             general
             word
             of
             Peaches
             distinguisht
             into
             
               Peaches
               ,
               Brugnons
            
             ,
             and
             Pavies
             ,
             32
             sorts
             of
             Peaches
             ,
             of
             3
             Brugnons
             ,
             and
             7
             of
             
               Pavies
               .
               Peaches
            
             ,
             strictly
             so
             called
             ,
             what
             .
          
           
             *
             Brugnons
             ,
             what
             called
             by
             us
             ,
             
               Nectarins
               .
               Pavies
            
             ,
             what
             .
             The
             Fancy
             of
             some
             about
             the
             many
             sorts
             of
             Pavies
             ,
             and
             about
             Male
             and
             Female
             Peaches
             ,
             tho
             an
             old
             Tradition
             of
             Gard'ners
             ,
             Ridi●ul'd
             .
          
           
             The
             vanity
             of
             some
             People
             of
             multiplying
             species
             without
             Grounds
             .
          
           
             The
             good
             qualities
             of
             Peaches
             .
             The
             first
             good
             quality
             .
          
           
             A
             remark
             in
             cutting
             a
             Peach
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             good
             quality
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             good
             quality
             .
          
           
             The
             fourth
             qualification
             .
          
           
             The
             fifth
             qualification
             .
          
           
             Two
             faults
             in
             the
             bigness
             .
             Distinguisht
             into
             Hectical
             and
             Dropsical
             ,
             and
             their
             Description
             .
          
           
             Indifferent
             qualities
             in
             Peaches
             .
             Which
             consist
             only
             in
             the
             differences
             of
             their
             Howers
             or
             Blossoms
             ,
             which
             are
             here
             specified
             .
          
           
             The
             bad
             qualities
             of
             Peaches
             .
             The
             first
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             .
          
           
             The
             fourth
             .
          
           
             The
             fifth
             ,
             and
             sixth
             .
          
           
             Seventhly
             ,
             Another
             fault
             to
             come
             short
             or
             exceed
             in
             ripeness
             .
             How
             to
             know
             when
             a
             Peach
             it
             just
             ripe
             ,
             and
             when
             too
             much
             ,
             or
             too
             little
             .
          
           
             Other
             faults
             ,
             to
             grow
             on
             a
             sick
             Branch
             ,
             or
             to
             ripen
             too
             soon
             ,
             or
             too
             late
             .
          
           
             Eight
             or
             Nine
             sorts
             of
             bad
             Peaches
             ,
             and
             two
             of
             Brugnons
             ,
             or
             Nectarins
             ,
             condemned
             and
             excluded
             ,
             and
             which
             they
             are
             .
          
           
             The
             Author's
             Opinion
             and
             Advice
             about
             Pavies
             in
             this
             Paragraph
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             .
          
           
             The
             Menstrous
             ,
             or
             Pompene
             ,
             Pavie
             .
          
           
             Kinds
             of
             Plums
             almost
             infinite
             .
          
           
             The
             good
             Qualities
             of
             Plums
             .
             Good
             Plums
             need
             no
             Sugar
             raw
             .
             The
             excellent
             Plums
             Enumerated
             .
          
           
             The
             bad
             Qualities
             of
             Plums
             .
             And
             some
             of
             the
             worst
             sorts
             of
             Plums
             specified
             .
          
           
             Perdrigons
             least
             subject
             to
             Worms
             .
             Indifferent
             Qualities
             of
             Plums
             .
          
           
             The
             shapes
             of
             Plums
             .
             Very
             Long
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Longish
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Round
             ,
             and
             almost
             square
             and
             〈◊〉
             
               P
               〈…〉
            
             .
          
           
             Coloars
             of
             Plums
             Yellowish
             white
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Violet
             red
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Violet
             black
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Plain
             black
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Green
             
               Plums
               ▪
            
          
           
             Gray
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Red
             Plums
             .
             Of
             the
             Crease
             in
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             bigness
             of
             Plums
             .
             Large
             Plums
             .
             Little
             Plums
             .
          
           
             Extream
             large
             Plums
             .
          
           
             All
             Plums
             good
             raw
             ,
             good
             also
             to
             bake
             ,
             &c.
             
             Some
             are
             only
             good
             to
             bake
             ,
             
               &c.
               Plums
            
             good
             to
             make
             
               Prunes
               .
               Plums
            
             good
             in
             Competes
             ,
             or
             wet
             Sweat-meats
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Pulp
             in
             all
             Plums
             ,
             yellow
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             but
             of
             no
             effect
             to
             their
             goodness
             .
          
           
             Most
             Plums
             quit
             not
             their
             Stones
             whether
             good
             or
             bad
             .
          
           
             
               Damask
               Plums
            
             quit
             their
             Stoues
             casiliest
             .
          
           
             But
             four
             or
             five
             sorts
             ,
             fit
             to
             be
             planted
             by
             Walls
             ,
             and
             which
             they
             are
             .
             Empresses
             and
             Mirabelles
             ,
             added
             sometimes
             ,
             and
             why
             .
          
           
             The
             Authors
             sense
             about
             Apricocks
             .
          
           
             Standard
             Apricocks
             best
             .
          
           
             The
             Wall-ones
             larger
             and
             fairer
             .
          
           
             The
             little
             July
             Hasting
             or
             
               forward
               Apricock
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Common
             and
             larger
             one
             ,
             about
             Mid
             July
             .
          
           
             No
             green
             Fruit
             so
             good
             to
             preserve
             ,
             as
             Apricocks
             .
          
           
             The
             Anjou
             Sweet
             Kernel'd
             Apricock
             .
          
           
             The
             several
             Expositions
             ,
             repeated
             .
          
           
             Fig-trees
             ,
             where
             to
             be
             placed
             .
          
           
             The
             regulation
             of
             Wall-trees
             in
             a
             little
             Garden
             of
             the
             extent
             of
             ten
             Toises
             or
             Fathoms
             at
             one
             side
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             more
             on
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             A
             description
             of
             the
             
               Violet
               Perdrigon
               Plum.
            
             
          
           
             The
             choice
             Peach-trees
             recommended
             .
          
           
             The
             Admirable
             Peach
             described
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             cure
             diseased
             Peach-trees
             .
          
           
             A
             Toise
             is
             two
             yards
             ,
             six
             Foot
             ,
             〈◊〉
             a
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Minion
               Peach
            
             described
             and
             commended
             .
             Its
             defects
             .
          
           
             The
             fair
             Chevreuse
             or
             Goat-peach
             described
             .
             The
             order
             of
             ripening
             of
             these
             Peaches
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Chevreuse
               Peach
            
             further
             commended
             .
          
           
             Its
             faults
             ,
             and
             their
             causes
             .
          
           
             The
             Nivette
             or
             Velvet-peach
             described
             .
             It
             s
             Elogy
             .
          
           
             The
             Trees
             advised
             for
             the
             Midling
             or
             
               VVestern
               Expositions
            
          
           
             The
             Purple
             or
             Vinous-peach
             ,
             its
             Character
             in
             this
             and
             the
             next
             Paragraph
             .
          
           
             The
             Trees
             advised
             for
             the
             
               Northern
               Exposition
               .
               4
               Pear-trees
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             total
             supputation
             of
             the
             choice
             Wall
             -
             trees
             advised
             for
             the
             stocking
             of
             a
             Garden
             of
             22
             or
             24
             Fathoms
             in
             Compass
             .
          
           
             Continued
             for
             a
             Garden
             of
             60
             Toises
             or
             Fathoms
             Compass
             .
          
           
             From
             which
             it
             will
             be
             continued
             ,
             still
             augmenting
             to
             the
             number
             of
             600
             Toises
             or
             Fathoms
             of
             good
             Exposition
             ,
             and
             1200
             in
             all
             .
          
           
             1200
             Toises
             or
             Fathoms
             of
             Wall-Trees
             ,
             enough
             for
             any
             subject
             of
             the
             greatest
             quality
             .
          
           
             What
             quantity
             of
             Fruit
             every
             hundred
             foot
             of
             Peach-Trees
             may
             yield
             ,
             at
             5
             or
             6
             Years
             old
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             A
             remark
             about
             Ants.
             
          
           
             The
             
               Persick
               Peach
            
             described
             with
             its
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Violet
             Brugnon
             or
             Nectarin
             ,
             its
             Description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             St.
             
               Catharine
               Plum
            
             described
             .
             The
             effect
             of
             a
             good
             Wall
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Apricock-peach
             .
             The
             Sandalie
             ,
             or
             Yellow
             Admirable-peach
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Character
             .
          
           
             
               The
               latter
               Violet
            
             ,
             or
             
               Marble
               peach
            
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             a
             Bourdin-peach
             .
          
           
             The
             qualities
             and
             Character
             of
             an
             Avant
             or
             
               Forward
               peach
            
             .
             Ripens
             a
             Month
             before
             the
             rest
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             .
          
           
             What
             Figure
             is
             best
             for
             a
             fine
             Garden
             to
             be
             of
             .
          
           
             The
             effect
             of
             the
             
               Northern
               Exposition
            
             in
             Pear-trees
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Italian
               Peach
            
             described
             .
             It
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             
               Forward
               Persick
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Characters
             and
             Description
             of
             the
             
               Peach
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             latter-Admirable
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             and
             Character
             of
             the
             Rossans
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Red
               Alberge
               peach
            
             .
             It
             s
             description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Apricock
               Plum
            
             described
             ,
             and
             compared
             with
             the
             St.
             Catharine
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Red
               Maudlin-peach
            
             described
             .
             No
             different
             kinds
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Bellegarde
               Peach
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Roche-Couron
               Plnm
            
             excellent
             .
          
           
             The
             
               White
               Pavie
            
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Red
               Great
               Pompons
               Pavie
            
             ,
             called
             the
             
               Monstrous
               Pavie
            
             described
             .
             It
             s
             Elogy
             .
          
           
             The
             Corinthian
             Grapes
             .
          
           
             The
             
               White
               Andilly
               Peach
            
             .
             It
             s
             Description
             and
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Bourdelais
             Grape
             ,
             
               called
               in
            
             Paris
             ,
             the
             Verjuice
             Grape
             ,
             described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Empress
               Plum.
            
             What.
             
          
           
             When
             Apricock
             or
             Plum-Trees
             may
             be
             mixed
             with
             Peach-Trees
             ,
             and
             when
             not
             .
          
           
             The
             Azeroll
             or
             
               Garden
               Haw
            
             Described
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Early
               Grape
            
             ,
             or
             
               Black
               Morillon
            
             Described
             .
             It
             ripens
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             July
             .
          
           
             Tiger
             Babbs
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             order
             a
             Plum
             or
             
               Cherry
               Garden
            
             .
          
           
             Sixteen
             choice
             Sorts
             of
             Plums
             good
             every
             way
             .
             Plums
             good
             only
             to
             Dry
             ,
             Preserve
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Plums
             the
             Author
             most
             preferrs
             ,
             and
             their
             order
             of
             precedence
             .
          
           
             Which
             only
             to
             be
             reared
             on
             Standard-Trees
             .
             A
             
               Plum
               Garden
            
             of
             80
             or
             100
             Trees
             affords
             Plums
             enough
             for
             all
             uses
             .
          
           
             Guignes
             or
             Guings
             ,
             their
             Character
             .
             The
             second
             
               Forward
               Cherry
            
             .
             Their
             Character
             ,
             chiefly
             good
             for
             Early
             Compotes
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Monmorancy
               ,
               Coulardy
            
             or
             Large
             
               Preserving
               Cherries
            
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             sort
             of
             Common
             Cherry
             described
             .
             The
             same
             Tree
             bears
             Long
             and
             Short
             Stalk'd
             Cherries
             .
             The
             Bigarro
             described
             and
             commended
             .
             The
             Griot
             ,
             or
             Agriot
             described
             .
          
           
             Merises
             of
             common
             Black-Cherries
             described
             .
          
           
             
               Where
               to
               plant
            
             standard
             Mulberry
             ,
             Apricock
             ,
             and
             Almond-Trees
             .
          
           
             What
             number
             to
             plant
             of
             each
             .
          
           
             Almonds
             commended
             .
             Their
             Season
             July
             and
             August
             ,
             when
             green
             .
          
           
             Some
             few
             Medlar
             Trees
             also
             to
             be
             added
             in
             places
             least
             in
             view
             .
          
           
             As
             also
             some
             Quince-Trees
             .
          
           
             
               And
               lastly
               a
               few
            
             Azeroll
             or
             Garden
             Haw
             Dwarf-Trees
             .
          
           
             Fruit
             Trees
             to
             be
             bought
             of
             none
             but
             Gard'ners
             of
             known
             skill
             &c.
             
          
           
             When
             Tree
             Stocks
             and
             plants
             are
             to
             be
             chosen
             ;
             And
             Directions
             what
             chiefly
             to
             consider
             in
             them
             .
          
           
             Marks
             of
             Vigorous
             Plants
             .
             Marks
             of
             
               unsound
               Plants
            
             .
          
           
             Marks
             of
             Bad
             
               Peach
               Plants
            
             .
             Of
             what
             thickness
             and
             Age
             they
             should
             ,
             or
             should
             not
             be
             .
          
           
             The
             thickness
             and
             Age
             required
             in
             
               Plum-Trees
               ,
               Apricock-Trees
            
             ,
             and
             Azeroll
             or
             
               Garden
               Haw-Trees
            
             .
          
           
             The
             proportion
             of
             Apple-Trees
             grafted
             on
             paradise
             stocks
             .
             The
             proportion
             and
             other
             good
             qualities
             required
             in
             Standard
             Plants
             .
             How
             Trees
             should
             be
             shaped
             and
             fashioned
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             choose
             Trees
             when
             already
             taken
             up
             .
             Marks
             of
             Trees
             spoiled
             .
          
           
             Good
             qualifications
             required
             in
             the
             roots
             of
             young
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Marks
             of
             a
             Dying
             Tree
             .
          
           
             What
             caution
             is
             to
             be
             used
             in
             taking
             up
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Other
             signs
             of
             decaying
             or
             
               Dying
               Plants
            
             taken
             from
             their
             Roots
             .
          
           
             The
             Author's
             Method
             in
             Triming
             the
             Roots
             of
             Trees
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             order
             the
             Roots
             of
             a
             Tree
             that
             has
             been
             longer
             pulled
             up
             .
          
           
             What
             the
             Author
             means
             by
             Good
             and
             bad
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Notes
             how
             to
             distinguish
             them
             ,
             and
             instructions
             how
             to
             deal
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             Pivot
             ,
             a
             Hinge
             or
             Axel-Tree
             .
          
           
             Of
             what
             length
             the
             good
             Roots
             are
             to
             be
             left
             in
             
               Dwarfs
               ,
               Standards
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Fifteen
             Eng●●
             en
             different
             Figures
             of
             Trees
             ,
             with
             their
             Roots
             most
             difficultly
             disposel
             for
             cutting
             ,
             inserted
             by
             the
             Author
             in
             this
             Book
             taken
             from
             the
             Life
             .
             All
             difficult
             disposures
             of
             roots
             may
             be
             Learnt
             ,
             and
             ordered
             by
             those
             Figures
             .
          
           
             The
             Author's
             Regulation
             of
             the
             height
             or
             Length
             fit
             to
             be
             left
             to
             the
             Bodies
             of
             Trees
             above
             Ground
             .
          
           
             A
             necessary
             caution
             about
             
               Peach
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             The
             fourth
             to
             make
             convenient
             Holes
             ,
             or
             Trenches
             ,
             to
             plant
             them
             in
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Author's
             Method
             of
             Dwarf-Trees
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Of
             What
             Depth
             Trees
             are
             to
             be
             planted
             .
          
           
             The
             use
             of
             Dung
             about
             Trees
             .
          
           
             A
             bed
             of
             Weeds
             or
             fern
             may
             serve
             in
             want
             of
             Dung.
             In
             very
             dry
             weather
             ,
             to
             be
             watered
             every
             15
             days
             in
             the
             hot
             months
             .
          
           
             How
             to
             be
             pla●●d
             .
          
           
             How
             the
             Baskets
             must
             be
             made
             and
             proportioned
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e184180
           
             Columella
             ,
             Theophrastus
             ,
             Xenophon
             .
          
           
             Qui
             cum
             judicio
             putat
             Arborem
             ,
             efficit
             ,
             ut
             quod
             Arbor
             sponte
             voluit
             facere
             ,
             Just●iâ
             violentâ
             cogatur
             ,
             ut
             id
             agat
             .
             Crescentius
             .
             Terrae
             imperamus
             ,
             &
             soli
             nequaquam
             .
          
           
             Omnis
             Arborum
             putatio
             quandocunque
             fieri
             potest
             à
             tempore
             casus
             foliorum
             .
             Crescentius
             .
          
           
             Aspices
             curvatos
             Pomorum
             pondere
             ramos
             .
             Ut
             sua
             quod
             peperit
             ,
             vix
             ferat
             Arboronus
             .
          
           
             Fundusque
             mendax
             Arbore
             nunc
             aquas
             culpante
             ,
             nunc
             torrente
             agros
             Sidera
             .
             Horatius
          
           
             Nec
             sen'ire
             sitim
             patitur
             ,
             bibulaeque
             recurvas
             radicis
             fibras
             labentibus
             i●
             rigat
             undit
             .
             Ovid.
             
          
           
             Vim
             tamen
             agrestum
             metuens
             pomaria
             claudit
             ,
             Intus
             &
             accessus
             prohibet
             .
             Idem
             .
             Juniperi
             gravis
             umbra
             ,
             nocent
             &
             frugibus
             umbrae
             .
             
               Virgil.
               10
               Ecl.
            
             Hortus
             nullas
             amat
             umbras
             praeter
             umbrar●
             domini
             .
             Cresentius
             .
          
           
             Vix
             unquam
             〈◊〉
             surculus
             proficit
             nisi
             primo
             anno
             valdè
             proficiat
             .
             Crescentius
             .
          
           
             Perfections
             of
             the
             Figure
             of
             a
             Dwarf-Tree
             .
          
           
             A.
             First
             Perfection
             .
             B
             2d
             .
             Perfection
             .
             C.
             3d
             Perfection
             .
             D
             4th
             .
             Perfection
             .
          
           
             Imperfections
             of
             the
             Figure
             of
             a
             Dwarf-Tree
             .
             E.
             First
             Imperfection
             .
             F.
             2.
             
             Imperfection
             .
             G.
             3.
             
             Imperfection
             .
             H.
             4.
             
             Imperfection
             .
          
           
             Bonum
             ex
             integrâ
             causâ
             ;
             malum
             ex
             quolibet
             defectu
             .
          
           
             Non
             nunquam
             in
             Arbore
             unus
             ramus
             c●teris
             est
             Latior
             ,
             quem
             nisi
             rescideris
             tota
             arb●r
             contristabitur
             .
             Columella
             .
          
           
             *
             Lisete
             .
          
           
             *
             Garden-Mice
             .
          
           
             *
             Weesels
             .
          
           
             *
             Those
             usually
             called
             by
             the
             Name
             of
             Cock-Chafers
             .
          
           
             Cultus
             ,
             &
             in
             primis
             succos
             emendat
             acerbos
             ,
             &c.
             
               Ovid
               lib.
               remedio
               amoris
            
             .
             Sponte
             Suâ
             quae
             se
             tollunt
             inluminis
             auros
             ,
             infaecunda
             quidem
             ,
             sed
             laeta
             &
             fortia
             surgunt
             .
             Quippe
             solo
             natura
             subest
             .
             Tamen
             haec
             quoque
             si
             quis
             inferat
             ,
             &c.
             
               Ec
               paulo
               post
            
             .
             Exuerint
             silvestrem
             animum
             ,
             &c.
             
               Georg.
               lib.
            
             2.
             
             Nec
             consitiones
             modo
             delectant
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             insitiones
             ,
             quibus
             nihil
             invenit
             Agricultura
             Solertius
             .
             
               Cic.
               de
               Senectuce
            
             .
          
           
             Sunt
             alii
             ,
             quos
             ipse
             viâ
             sibi
             repperit
             usus
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Of
             all
             Arts
             the
             most
             generous
             ,
             and
             most
             proper
             for
             a
             Gentleman
             is
             the
             Art
             of
             Husbandry
             .
             Xenophon
             .
          
           
             Ut
             gaudet
             imitiva
             decerpens
             '
             pyra
             .
             
               Horat.
               Epod
            
             2.
             
          
           
             Regem
             aequabat
             opes
             animis
             serâque
             revertens
             nocte
             domum
             dapidus
             inensas
             onerabat
             inemptis
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
             Et
             sterilès
             plantani
             malos
             gessere
             valentes
             .
             Georg
             2.
             
             Castancae
             Fagus
             ,
             ornusque
             inc●nuit
             albo
             Flore
             pyri
             :
             glandemque
             sucs
             fregere
             sub
             ulmis
             !
             Et
             
               Paulo
               superius
            
             inseritur
             vero
             ix
             foetu
             nucis
             arbutus
             horrida
             .
             
               Et
               alio
               loco
            
             &
             prunis
             lapidosa
             rubescere
             corna
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Venerit
             Insitio
             .
             Fac
             ramum
             ramus
             adoptet
             ,
             Stetque
             ,
             Peregrinis
             arber
             operta
             comis
             !
             ●issaque
             adoptivas
             ,
             accipit
             arbor
             opes
             .
             
               Ovid.
               lib.
            
             1.
             de
             remed
             .
             amoris
             .
          
           
             Et
             Saepè
             alterius
             ramos
             impune
             ,
             videmus
             vertere
             in
             alterius
             ,
             mutatamque
             insita
             mala
             ferre
             Pyrum
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
             Inutilesque
             falce
             Ramos
             amputans
             faeliciores
             inserit
             .
             
               Horat.
               Epod.
            
             Tamen
             haec
             quoque
             si
             quis
             inserat
             ,
             &c.
             
             Cultuque
             frequenti
             in
             quascunqu
             :
             voces
             artes
             ,
             haud
             tarda
             sequentur
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             
               A
               la
               Pousse
            
             ,
             as
             the
             Author
             Terms
             it
             .
          
           
             Nec
             modus
             inseree
             atque
             oculos
             imponere
             simplex
             .
             
               &
               .
               Georg.
            
             2.
             
             The
             Figure
             of
             the
             Graffing-Knives
             is
             Described
             in
             the
             Plate
             of
             the
             Pruining-Knives
             ,
             P.
             15.
             
             Vol.
             II.
             
          
           
             Huc
             aliena
             ex
             Arbore
             germen
             includunt
             ,
             udoque
             docent
             inolescere
             libro
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             la
             Pousse
             .
          
           
             Aut
             rursum
             enodes
             trunci
             resceantur
             ,
             &
             alté
             finditur
             in
             solidum
             cuncis
             via
             :
             deinde
             seraces
             plantae
             immittuntur
             ;
             nec
             longum
             tempus
             ,
             &
             ingens
             exiit
             ad
             caelum
             ramis
             foelicibus
             arbos
             ,
             Georg.
             2
             
          
           
             Nam
             quae
             se
             medio
             trudunt
             decortice
             gemmae
             &
             tenues
             rumpunt
             tunicas
             angustus
             in
             ipso
             sic
             nodo
             sinus
             :
             hûc
             aliend
             ex
             arbore
             germen
             includunt
             ,
             udoque
             docent
             inolescere
             libro
             .
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             Insere
             daphne
             pyros
             ,
             carpent
             tua
             poma
             nepotes
             .
             
               Virg.
               Georg.
            
             
          
           
             Pole
             Lattices
             set
             up
             against
             Walls
             ,
             much
             us'd
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             Art
             of
             Cultivating
             Kitchen-Gardens
             and
             Pot-Herbs
             ,
             &c.
             
             Ancient
             and
             Universal
             .
          
           
             
               Beatus
               ille
               qui
               precul
               negotits
               ,
               〈◊〉
               prisca
               Gens
               Mortaliam
               ,
               paterna
               rura
               bebus
               exercet
               suis
               ,
            
             &c.
             Hor.
             Fp
             d.
             2.
             
             Happy
             the
             Man
             from
             toilsom
             cares
             set
             free
             ,
             Who
             does
             regain
             Man's
             ancient
             Liberty
             ;
             Plowing
             his
             Ground
             with
             Oxen
             of
             his
             own
             .
             By
             Parents
             l●fe
             ,
             fr●e
             from
             usurious
             Loan
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             
               French
               Bushel
            
             is
             20
             Pound
             weight
             ,
             or
             near
             a
             peck
             and
             half
             English
             .
          
           
             January
             .
          
           
             February
             .
          
           
             March.
             
          
           
             April
             .
          
           
             May.
             
          
           
             June
             .
          
           
             July
             and
             August
             .
          
           
             September
             and
             October
             .
          
           
             November
             .
          
           
             December
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e312170
           
             Tran.
             R.
             S.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e314170
           
             *
             They
             in
             Holland
             use
             Chaff
             ,
             or
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             certainly
             better
             ,
             because
             of
             Vermin
             ,
             )
             Saw-dust
             ,
             exceeding
             well
             dried
             in
             the
             Sun
             ;
             giving
             the
             whole
             House
             a
             Coat
             of
             Pitch
             .
          
           
             Ou
             de
             Salpetre
             batu
             .
          
           
             Mettre
             des
             hausses
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A49578-e328810
           
             *
             Auster
             vites
             sibi
             objectas
             nobilitat
             ,
             Aquilo
             f●cundat
             ,
             Elige
             plus
             velis
             quam
             melius
             .
             Crescentius
             Palladius
             .